That perspective would be propagated for centuries and is still found in embryology lessons today.
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This species is widely employed in the study of embryology, and is thus well understood.
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The work of Burr and Lund occurred during a time of widespread interest in embryology.
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Even the English mathematician Alan Turing, famed for cracking the Enigma code, was fascinated by embryology.
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They may now be able to seize the lead in exploring the early stages of human embryology.
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The Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority will now have to reconsider the request, according to the Telegraph.
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In December, the UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority approved the technique as safe for clinical use.
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Britain's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority looked into the matter, concerned mainly about the in utero attrition rate.
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The results provide "some of the first empirical insights into dinosaur embryology and life-history strategy," according to the paper.
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Extend Fertility, in its New York cryopreservation and embryology lab and treatment center, completed 1,000 egg-freezing cycles in 2018.
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Considering that the science of embryology was in its nascent stages in 6900, it is possible to grant the judges some consideration.
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The ruling is not the final word on the matter: The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the governmental agency that blocked Mrs.
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According to a 2014 study by the British Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, IVF is only successful about a quarter of the time.
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The committee presented its results Tuesday at the 34th annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Barcelona, Spain.
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Embryology laboratories typically give three quality scores for each blastocyst embryo that indicate the potential of the embryo to become a healthy baby.
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Following the green light from regulators Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), experiments could begin in the next few months, according to the BBC.
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But the UK's Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority did not give the green light to the treatment until December 2016, after further safety tests.
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The small preliminary study, presented at the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Vienna which began Sunday, exposed human sperm samples to microgravity.
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In total the UK's Human Fertility and Embryology Authority reports that only 20 babies were born from a woman's own frozen eggs up to 2012.
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About 20 babies have been born in the United Kingdom using this technique, according to 2015 figures from the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.
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Importantly, the justices are not being asked to opine on the continued legality of abortion, or related considerations such as fetal pain, autonomy or embryology.
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The research, which was approved by the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, will use excess embryos donated by couples who have had in vitro fertilization treatment.
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By the time of the embryology report she had also moved to consequentialism: it was the likely outcome of an action that made it right or wrong.
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As science reveals more and more about prenatal developmental and embryology, it becomes impossible to deny the humanity of children in the womb without denying science itself.
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Boada presented the results of her team's research on Sunday at the annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) in Vienna, Austria.
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"All evaluation of the embryo as it's done today is subjective," says Nikica Zaninovic, director of the embryology lab at Weill Cornell Medicine, where the research was conducted.
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The results of this Harvard study haven't been peer-reviewed yet, but they will be presented at this week's annual European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) conference.
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"You might be able to do it with something like eye color," said Robin Lovell-Badge, a professor of genetics and embryology at the Francis Crick Institute in London.
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"Embryology" (1976-82), the final series in "Alterations," grew to include nearly 700 forms, soft burlap eggs ranging size from pebbles to boulders that looked like enormous Idaho potatoes.
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The study, presented this week at the annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, followed 19,884 Dutch women who got fertility treatment between 2007 and 343.
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Two reports in particular, on the teaching of children with special needs in 1978 and on human fertility and embryology in 1984, changed British law in dramatic and lasting ways.
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But the regulator, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), still had to approve each clinic and each patient on an individual basis before the treatment can be carried out.
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Not only did he know the editors well; he also had an instinct for how to frame the findings in the larger conversation about stem cells, embryology, and cell fate.
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While abortion is legal, our knowledge of embryology makes clear that the procedure stops human life, an abhorrence to many of us who have dedicated our lives to preserving it.
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The U.K.'s Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HEFA) took note of the new study, and said it will wait for further experiments before approving the first mitochondrial replacement in humans.
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"The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) has approved a research application from the Francis Crick Institute to use new 'gene editing' techniques on human embryos," Niakan's lab said on Monday.
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The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology also collected national registry data of assisted reproductive technology cycles -- a single attempt at accomplishing conception -- performed in Europe from 1997 through 143.
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Clinics had to get a license from Britain's Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, which would monitor the procedures and track the children throughout their lives to check for unexpected side effects.
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Daniel Brison, a specialist in embryology and stem cell biology at Britain's Manchester University, said the findings had "major implications not just for fertility but for male health and wider public health".
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The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) — a branch of the UK's Department of Health that specifically regulates fertility treatment and research — assembled a committee to review the scientific evidence backing up MRT.
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In a long-awaited decision, Britain's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) gave the final go-ahead for the treatment known as mitochondrial transfer, which doctors say could help prevent incurable inherited diseases.
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Joyce Harper, a professor in genetics and human embryology at the Institute for Women's Health at University College London, described the alleged research "premature, dangerous and irresponsible," calling for public debate and legislation.
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Clinical trials of human embryos that have "three parents" are due to begin, pending a final round of approvals by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), the UK's regulatory agency for reproductive medicine.
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Initially, U.K. fertility regulator, the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, said the woman couldn't access her daughter's stored eggs because she wasn't given full, written consent before her child died from bowel cancer in 2011.
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The results of this study, published on Wednesday in the journal Nature, will be considered by Britain's Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, which will ultimately decide whether to issue the first license to a clinic.
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While heterosexual couples accounted for 2600 percent of patients - having about 4633,2463 treatment cycles in 220 - they saw the smallest increase on 2500 of 2 percent, data from the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) showed.
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On Monday, the Francis Crick Institute, a biomedical research center in London, said its application to use "genome editing" techniques on human embryos had been approved by the U.K.'s Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).
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A 2200 study from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in the U.K. found that the use of a patients' own frozen eggs resulted in a live birth only 235 percent of the time per cycle.
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A British regulatory agency that oversees reproductive biology, the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, on Monday approved an application by Kathy Niakan, of the Francis Crick Institute in London, to alter human embryos with the Crispr technique.
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The license, granted by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, will allow scientists to better "understand the genes needed for a human embryo to develop successfully into a healthy baby," according to lead researcher Dr. Kathy Niakan.
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Emma's parents, Tina and Benjamin Gibson of eastern Tennessee, admit feeling surprised when they were told the exact age of the embryo thawed March 13 by Carol Sommerfelt, embryology lab director at the National Embryo Donation Center.
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The embryology report allowed human embryos to be used for scientific experiments, but under statutory authority and for a maximum lifespan of 14 days, the point at which the bundle of cells began to differentiate into an individual.
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Moreover, the "physical signs" of human connectedness to the rest of the animal world are so deep and abundant (including DNA, cellular mechanisms, anatomy, physiology, paleontology, embryology, etc.) that their enumeration essentially occupies nearly all of modern biology.
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"You could certainly help families who have been blighted by a horrible genetic disease," said Robin Lovell-Badge, a professor of genetics and embryology at the Francis Crick Institute in London, who was not involved in the study.
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While fewer than 4 percent of London Sperm Bank's applicants make it through World Health Organisation and Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) requirements, the clinic said it always has a stock of sperm of around 100 men ready for mothers.
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Cycles monitored by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology include treatments with IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection as well as egg donation, which involves using an egg that was not removed from the woman implanted with the resulting embryo.
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A historic decision "Today's historic decision means that parents at very high risk of having a child with a life-threatening mitochondrial disease may soon have the chance of a healthy, genetically related child," said Sally Cheshire, Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority chairwoman.
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Declining sperm counts in Western nations "Sperm count has been declining in the Western countries over the past few decades," wrote the researchers in a presentation of their results at the 2019 annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Vienna on Tuesday.
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Dr. Susanne Pors, a co-author of the study and postdoctoral fellow in the Laboratory of Reproductive Biology at the University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet, will present the research Monday at the 34th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Barcelona, Spain.
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This is a big deal: The UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority is the first government agency in the world to endorse research that involves altering the human genome for research — a move that could signal broader acceptance for a promising (but controversial) new area of science.
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"Obviously we care about our marketing, but we have to have a qualified team," Klein said, pointing to his years of experience working at a traditional fertility clinic where he oversaw a multitude of egg retrievals, and to Extend's state-of-the-art lab, overseen by embryology expert Dr. Leslie Ramirez.
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Photo: GettyThe modern era of the so-called "three-parent baby" has officially kicked off, and it will begin in the UK.According to the BBC, the country's Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) has granted permission for doctors at the Newcastle Fertility Center to artificially implant two women with an embryo containing the DNA of three people.
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"We did pick on a number of days after which we understood that the embryo began to develop more swiftly toward becoming a curled-up fetus with a spinal cord and a central nervous system," she wrote in BioNews, a publication of the Progress Educational Trust, an advocacy organization on issues like embryology and stem-cell research.
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By the time she was asked by the government to serve as chairwoman of the Committee of Inquiry Into Human Fertilization and Embryology in 21980, Ms. Warnock had taught philosophy at Oxford, written books on metaphysics and existentialism, served on government panels that examined special education and laboratory experimentation using animals, and become a well-known guest on television and radio talk shows.
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Comparative embryology is the branch of embryology that compares and contrasts embryos of different species, showing how all animals are related.
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In 1987 the framework for human fertilisation and embryology was created. A white paper was published in regards to the recommendations of the Warnock Report. In 1990 the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 was passed. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, HFEA, officially started work August 1, 1991.
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Haeckel's embryo drawings, as comparative plates, were at first only copied into biology textbooks, rather than texts on the study of embryology. Even though Haeckel's program in comparative embryology virtually collapsed after the First World War, his embryo drawings have often been reproduced and redrawn with increased precision and accuracy in works that have kept the study of comparative embryology alive. Nevertheless, neither His-inspired human embryology nor developmental biology are concerned with the comparison of vertebrate embryos. Although Stephen Jay Gould's 1977 book Ontogeny and Phylogeny helps to reassess Haeckelian embryology, it does not address the controversy over Haeckel's embryo drawings.
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Ovarian morphology and early embryology of the pediculate fishes Antennarius and Histrio.
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A gonadal tissue neoplasm should not be confused with a urogenital neoplasm, though the two topics are often studied together. The embryology of the gonads is only indirectly related to the embryology of the external genitals and urinary system.
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Bardeen contributed articles on embryology, morphology, anatomy, and other subjects to scientific journals.
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Cytology, embryology, anatomy and biosystematics were the subjects she lectured in. Her main areas of interest included cytotaxonomy and embryology, especially of Iridaceae. Clivia miniata The cytology of the Proteaceae and the Aizoaceae as well as the embryology of several genera were her first research contributions, followed by the taxonomy of Iridaceae. In 1972 the Journal of South African Botany published her morphology and taxonomy of the genus Romulea.
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Dogiel studied at Kazan University where he graduated in 1883. He inaugurated his career in 1885 as a monitor in embryology. Then he taught and practiced histology, first in Tomsk from 1888, then in 1892 at the Saint Petersburg Medical Institute where he was entrusted with the organization of the histology laboratory. He founded the Russian Archives of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology (Рус, архив анатомии, Gistology and Embryology).
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Many principles of embryology apply to invertebrates as well as to vertebrates. Therefore, the study of invertebrate embryology has advanced the study of vertebrate embryology. However, there are many differences as well. For example, numerous invertebrate species release a larva before development is complete; at the end of the larval period, an animal for the first time comes to resemble an adult similar to its parent or parents.
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The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 was drafted taking the report into account.
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Human Anatomy, Embryology, and Histology 2\. Biochemistry and Physiology 3\. Microbiology and Pathology 4\.
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In 1990 she received the International S.Navashin Medal "for outstanding contribution in Plant Embryology".
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Ebert was trained at Johns Hopkins University as a PhD embryologist and came into embryology at the end of the era of descriptive embryology. His own studies of the chick embryo culminated in the book "Interacting Systems in Development", which was published in six languages. As Director of the Department of Embryology of The Carnegie Institution of Washington located on the Baltimore Hopkins campus, he pushed the institution out of the age of specimen collecting into the modern era of genetic research. His most important contribution to embryology was in his early investigation of the "graft-host" reaction.
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Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 551–596.Nogler, G.A. 1984. Gametophytic apomixis. In Embryology of angiosperms.
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Later she became a Professor Emeritus, known for her teaching of histology, embryology and cytology.
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In the United Kingdom, sperm banks are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.
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Bruno H. Stricker provided an explanation of the Book as a divine embryology in 1963.
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"Floral Morphology, Embryology, and Seed Anatomy of Ruptiliocarpon caracolito (Lepidobotryaceae)". Novon 3(4):423-428.
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Guidelines outlining the legal use of posthumously extracted gametes in the United Kingdom were laid out in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. The Act dictates that explicit written consent by the donor must be provided to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in order for extraction and fertilisation to take place.Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (c. 37), specifically Schedule 3, Paragraph 5 Following the 1997 case of Regina v.
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There are many ethical and legal issues surrounding reproductive medicine. In the UK the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HEFA) regulates many aspects of reproductive medicine in the UK, including IVF, Artificial Insemination, storage of reproductive tissue and research in this field. HEFA was established due to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990). This act was reviewed and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (2008) was passed through parliament as an update to the 1990 act.
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Her work focused on embryology of a category of Fagales that were called Amentiferae at the time.
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Wilhelm Roux (9 June 1850 – 15 September 1924) was a German zoologist and pioneer of experimental embryology.
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Boris Ivan Balinsky (23 September 1905, in Kyiv, Russian Empire – 1 September 1997, in Johannesburg, South Africa) was a Ukrainian and South African biologist, embryologist, entomologist, professor of Kiev University and University of the Witwatersrand. Pioneer researcher in the field of experimental embryology, electron microscopy and developmental biology. He was author of popular textbook in embryology An Introduction to Embryology. Born Ukrainian, a student of Ivan Schmalhausen, he was one of the first to experimentally induce organogenesis in amphibian embryos.
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Before founding the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institution, Mall looked for ways to standardize the study of human embryology. In collaboration with Franz Keibel, Mall published the Manual of Human Embryology in 1912. The book described the piecewise development of the human body from the embryo and compiled substantial knowledge from the available scientific literature. Mall was also the first person to stage human embryos using photographs of their external structure, first grouping 226 human embryos into 14 stages.
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Di Gregorio, From Here to Eternity, p. 277 His’ embryology is not explained in terms of ancestral history.
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In the 1970s-1990s Gvaladze was active participant of the International Symposiums on Plant Embryology in France, India, Slovakia, Poland, Russia, etc. In 1984 she was a main organizer of such conference in Telavi (Georgia), in 1990 one of the organizers of the IX International Symposium on Plant Embryology (St.Petersburg, Russia).
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For more than a century, urodele amphibians have been used as models for embryology, physiology, and natural history research.
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Evolutionary embryology is the expansion of comparative embryology by the ideas of Charles Darwin. Similarly to Karl Ernst von Baer's principles that explained why many species often appear similar to one another in early developmental stages, Darwin argued that the relationship between groups can be determined based upon common embryonic and larval structures.
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Medical embryology is used widely to detect abnormalities before birth. 2-5% of babies are born with an observable abnormality and medical embryology explores the different ways and stages that these abnormalities appear in. Genetically derived abnormalities are referred to as malformations. When there are multiple malformations, this is considered a syndrome.
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In 1919, Adams began her career at Mount Holyoke, where she would spend her entire professional life. In 1928, she became a full professor. Adams retired in 1957 and died in 1962 in South Hadley, Massachusetts. She taught embryology and genetics and researched related topics: experimental embryology and endocrinology of the reproductive system.
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Caspar Friedrich Wolff (18 January 1733 – 22 February 1794) was a German physiologist and one of the founders of embryology.
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Platypus by Ann Moyal, pages 160-166 In 1921 was made the first Chair of Embryology and Histology at UCL.
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Gwenda Louise Davis (1911–1993) was an Australian botanist. She is known for her work on embryology, in particular, for work on the embryology of Australian Asteraceae and the genus Eucalyptus. She started her career as a plant taxonomist in 1945 at the New England University College at Armidale (now the University of New England, and was largely responsible for the creation of the Department of Botany there. After a fire in 1958, which destroyed the building housing the Botany Department, she concentrated her research on plant embryology.
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1 - morula, 2 - blastula 1 - blastula, 2 - gastrula with blastopore; orange - ectoderm, red - endoderm Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses. Additionally, embryology encompasses the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth, known as teratology. Early embryology was proposed by Marcello Malpighi, and known as preformationism, the theory that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves. Then Aristotle proposed the theory that is now accepted, epigenesis.
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Chapman, R.F. (1998) "The insects: structure and function", Section The egg and embryology. Previewed in Google Books on 26 Sep 2009.
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Currently Professor Vajta is director of a consulting company providing services in human and domestic animal embryology all over the world.
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Haeckel's work and the ensuing controversy linked the fields of developmental biology and comparative anatomy into comparative embryology. From a more modern perspective, Haeckel's drawings were the beginnings of the field of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). The study of comparative embryology aims to prove or disprove that vertebrate embryos of different classes (e.g. mammals vs.
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Singh, H. 1978. Embryology of gymnosperms. Berlin, Gebruder Borntraeger. Two-year reproductive cycle:The genera includes Widdringtonia, Sequoiadendron (Cupressaceae) and most species of Pinus.
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The first seven somitomeres give rise to the striated muscles of the face, jaws, and throat.Larsen W.J. Human Embryology. Churchill Livingstone.Third edition 2001.
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Dr. Louis Hansborough, a professor at Howard, encouraged her to continue studying embryology after graduation in 1942. Woods then attended a Radcliffe College and Harvard University partnership program to earn a master of science degree in 1943 and a Ph.D. in neuro-embryology in 1945. In 1945 she was also elected into Phi Beta Kappa, a national honors society, for her scholastic achievements.
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The increasing availability of consumer genetic tests has made the anonymity of sperm donation practically impossible. Laws regulating human artificial insemination were eventually introduced, but not until Britain's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 1990. Since 1991 the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority has regulated clinics in Britain. A sperm donor can donate for use by no more than ten families.
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Boletzky, S. (2000) "Adolf Naef: A biographical note." In: Naef A (1928) Cephalopoda Embryology. Fauna and Flora of the Bay of Naples. Translated from German.
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Further information: Embryology In addition to studying the fossil record, evolutionary history can be investigated via embryology. An embryo is an unborn/unhatched animal and evolutionary history can be studied by observing how processes in embryonic development are conserved (or not conserved) across species. Similarities between different species may indicate evolutionary connection. One way anthropologists study evolutionary connection between species is by observing orthologs.
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Pander studied the chick embryo and discovered the germ layers (i.e., three distinct regions of the embryo that give rise to the specific organ system). Because of these findings, he is considered by many to be the "founder of embryology". His work in embryology was continued by Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), who expanded Pander's concept of germ layers to include all vertebrates.
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The Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (sometimes abbreviated as the IJAE) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of anatomy and embryology. It was established in 1901 by Giulio Chiarugi and is published by Firenze University Press. It is the official journal of the Italian Society of Anatomy and Histology. The journal publishes original papers, invited review articles, historical article, commentaries, obituitary, and book reviews.
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The nature of the work was intentionally designed to be impossible to achieve without collaboration; this was to demonstrate the validity of Mall's argument for an entire Department of Embryology. In the next year, Mall recruited four researchers and many other skilled technicians, modelers, and artists from Europe and the United States to carry out the process of staging the embryos. This group of researchers eventually became the basis of the Department of Embryology. By the end of 1914, Mall successfully obtained a $15,000 grant to found and chair the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, that was to be housed in the Johns Hopkins University campus.
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Martin Barry, MD, FRCPE, FRSE, FRS (28 March 1802, Fratton, Portsmouth, Hampshire - 27 April 1855, Beccles, Suffolk), was a British physician who studied histology and embryology.
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Some branches of zoology include: anthrozoology, arachnology, archaeozoology, cetology, embryology, entomology, helminthology, herpetology, histology, ichthyology, malacology, mammalogy, morphology, nematology, ornithology, palaeozoology, pathology, primatology, protozoology, taxonomy, and zoogeography.
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210, 211. Marshall wrote three text-books, The Frog (1882, 7th edit. 1900), Practical Zoology (with Charles Herbert Hurst) (1887, 5th edit. 1899), and Vertebrate Embryology (1893).
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Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Histology, Embryology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Forensic Medicine, Microbiology, Community Medicine, Clinical Orientation, Internal Medicine, Surgery, Diagnostics, Pediatrics, Gynecology & Obstetrics, Otolaryngology, Neurology, Infectious Diseases, Emergency Medicine.
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He mainly worked in the flying mechanisms of birds and insects, and demonstrated the mechanism of "double equilibrium" in Coleoptera. He also worked on tuberculosis and embryology.
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Michael Richardson and his colleagues in a July 1997 issue of Anatomy and Embryology,Richardson, M.K., Hanken, J., Gooneratne, M.L., Pieau, C., Raynaud. A., Selwood, L. and Wright, G.M. (1997): There is no highly conserved embryonic stage in the vertebrates: implications for current theories of evolution and development. Anatomy and Embryology 196(2): 91-106. demonstrated that Haeckel falsified his drawings in order to exaggerate the similarity of the phylotypic stage.
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In 1895, Gage became a Professor of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology. In 1908, Gage retired as Professor Emeritus of Histology and Embryology. Gage came out of retirement in 1918 returning to teaching as a result of the shortage of teachers caused by World War I. In addition to his work on microscopy and optic projection, Gage did research on the newt, toad, lamprey, on fat digestion and on the pancreas.
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Phosphatase activity in glandular structures of carnivorous plant traps, International Botanical Congress Vienna, P1716, The Jagiellonian Univ., Inst. of Botany, Dept. of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Krakow, Poland.
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The work was summarised in Francis Balfour's Comparative Embryology of 1881, and settled the fate of Owen's transcendental archetype theory of the vertebrate skull once and for all.
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The birth mother of the child, even in cases of surrogacy,Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, s. 27 automatically acquires parental responsibilities and rights for her child.
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From 2008 to January 2014 she was Chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).Official Jardine home page, HarperCollins.com; accessed 26 October 2015. Jardine profile, bbc.co.
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"20% to 40% of children with microtia/anotia will have additional defects that could suggest a syndrome." Schoenwolf, Gary C., and William J. Larsen. Larsen's Human Embryology. 4th ed.
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First arch syndromes are congenital defects caused by a failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the first pharyngeal arch.Ronald W. Dudek. High- Yield Embryology. 2e. Page 65.
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Ryuichi Matsuda (July 8, 1920 – June 19, 1986) was a Japanese entomologist.Ando, H. (1988). Obituary: Ryuichi Matsuda, 1920-1986. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 7: 91-94.
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Louis J. Guillette Jr., Ph.D. (died 2015) was an American professor of embryology. Dr. Guillette received the 17th Annual Heinz Award with special focus on the environment in 2011.
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Velpeau was a skilled surgeon and renowned for his knowledge of surgical anatomy. He was the author of over 340 titles on surgery, embryology, anatomy, obstetrics, inter alia. Among his better known written efforts was a work on obstetrics, titled Traité elementaire de l’art des accouchements: ou, Principes de tokologie et d'embryologie (1829). Shortly afterwards, it was translated into English and issued as "An elementary treatise on midwifery: or Principles of tocology and embryology" (1831).
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Shearer’s career as a zoologist began in the biological laboratory at McGill the same year he graduated, in close association with Ernest MacBride. Between 1903-1909 he developed his interest in experimental embryology at Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn. He settled in Cambridge, lecturing in Experimental Embryology between 1910-1914. At the outbreak of World War 1 Cresswell was already in Plymouth so returned to medicine to help troops at Davenport military hospital.
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The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Deceased Fathers) Act 2003 (c 24) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act amended the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 to allow, among other things, a man to be listed in birth certificates as the father of a child even if the child was conceived after the death of the man. It is thought to affect around five to ten families a year.
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It is also relatively sunless. It was a German zoologist August David Krohn who first defined the Strait of Messina as the "Paradise of the Zoologist". Research intensified in 1872 when Anton Dohrn established the Stazione Zoologica at Naples, seven days travel afar from Berlin and two by boat to Messina. The research was initially in taxonomy, invertebrate anatomy and biogeography, but soon involved more fundamental subjects, especially embryology, comparative embryology and evolution.
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Partial support for the tribe is also attained from the matK sequences of chloroplast genes as well as embryology. Challenges in Lauraceae classification The knowledge of the species comprising the Lauraceae is incomplete. In 1991, about 25-30% of neotropical Lauraceae species had not been described. In 2001, embryological studies had only been completed on individuals from 26 genera yielding a 38.9% level of knowledge, in terms of embryology, for this family.
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Yves Rumpler (born 1938), is a French researcher and primatologist. He was a professor of embryology and primatology at the Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg until he retired in 2007.
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Fetal viability or foetal viability is the ability of a fetus to survive outside the uterus.Moore, Keith and Persaud, T. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, p. 103 (Saunders 2003).
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The hypoblast lies beneath the epiblast and consists of small cuboidal cells.Moore, K. L., and Persaud, T. V. N. (2003). The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 7th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier. .
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This was then expanded to 23 stages by Mall's successor, George L. Streeter. These 23 stages are the standard for the study of embryology and the Carnegie Collection of Embryos.
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Margaret M. Perry (1930-2009) was an English molecular geneticist and embryology researcher at the University of Edinburgh whose research produced the first warm-blooded animal developed completely in vitro.
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Maheshwari P., Johri B.M. 1956. The morphology and embryology of Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. with a discussion on the systematic position of the family Limnanthaceae. The Botanical Magazine 69:410-423, Tokyo.
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Anatomy and Embryology (Berlin). 1987;175(4):517-20. The rostral portion of the ventral reticular nucleus has been shown to mediate inspiration along with a portion of the lateral reticular nucleus.
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In contrast, the UK's use of PGD is regulated by the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act (HFEA), which requires clinics performing this technique to attain a license and follow strict criteria.
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The larvae become part of the plankton, the development of which is complex and takes between forty-five to sixty days in captivity.MacBride, E.W., 1914. Textbook of Embryology, Vol. I, Invertebrata.
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The Society for Developmental Biology (SDB) is a professional society for basic scientists and physicians around the world whose research is focused on the study of the developmental biology and embryology.
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The Authority also offers information and advice to people seeking treatment, and to those who have donated gametes or embryos for purposes or activities covered in the Act of 1990. Some of the subjects under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 1990 are prohibitions in connection with gametes, embryos, and germ cells.Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 - Principal Terms Used The Act also addresses licensing conditions, code of practice, and procedure of approval involving human embryos.Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 - Table of Contents This only concerns human embryos which have reached the two cell zygote stage, at which they are considered “fertilised” in the act. It also governs the keeping and using of human embryos, but only outside a woman’s body.
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Gábor Vajta (born 25 August 1952) is a medical doctor, human pathologist and mammalian embryologist living in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Vajta is an Honorary Professor of the BGI College, Shenzhen, China, and Adjuct Professor of the Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. After an early career (university lecturer, PhD) in human pathology he turned to embryology in 1989 and obtained a Doctor of Science degree in Domestic Animal Embryology at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1999. During the past 25 years he has co-developed several patents relating to embryology, most notably the method of Handmade Cloning (HMC), the Submarine Incubation System (SIS), the Open Pulled Straw (OPS) vitrification and the Well of the Well (WOW) system.
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By doing so, not only was he enabled to make rapid progress himself, but he also placed in the hands of others the means of a similar advancement. The remarkable strides forward which embryology made during the middle and latter half of the 19th century will always be associated with his name. His Lectures on Development, published in 1861, at once became a standard work. But neither zoology nor embryology furnished Kölliker's chief claim to fame.
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He worked as a professor of anatomy at Lyon from 1904 under Leon Testut and moved to Nancy in 1908 where he taught anatomy. He worked under Adolph Nicolas and collaborated with Paul Bouin on Leydig cells. He worked at the institute of embryology at Strasbourg from 1919 and published more than 300 works relating to endocrinology, anatomy, cytology, embryology and teratology. His fellow researchers at Strasbourg include P. Vintemberger, Etienne Wolff, and S. Lallemand (his own daughter).
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From 1979–84, she sat on a Royal Commission on environmental pollution. From 1982–84, she chaired the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. Her report on this occasion gave rise to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, which governs human fertility treatment and experiments using human embryos. Its effect has been to require licensing for procedures such as in vitro fertilisation and to ban research using human embryos more than 14 days old.
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Blastocyst implantation will occur during the second week of fetal development in the endometrium of the uterus;"Bilaminar Embryonic Disc." Atlas of Human Embryology. Chronolab A.G. Switzerland, n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. .
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In particular, issues related to development anatomy (embryology), microscopic anatomy (histology and Citology), human anatomy, veterinary anatomy, comparative anatomy, neuroanatomy, neurobiology, radiological anatomy, clinical anatomy, anthropology, biophysics and biochemistry, etc. are discussed.
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Projections of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast pull the embryo into the endometrium until it is fully covered by endometrial epithelium, save for the coagulation plug.Schoenwolf, G.C. (2009). Larsen's Human Embryology (pp. 53, 4th Ed.).
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International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 28: 179-192. Rakitov R.A. (2000) Secretion of brochosomes during the ontogenesis of a leafhopper, Oncometopia orbona (F.) (Insecta, Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Tissue & Cell 32: 28-39.
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Viktor Karlovich Shmidt (, ) was a Russian zoologist, leading Russian specialist in microscopic anatomy and embryology, professor, the Head of Perm University, the Head of Perm National Research Biology Institute at Perm State University.
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The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (c 22) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act constitutes a major review and update of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. According to the Department of Health the Act's key provisions are: The Bill's discussion in Parliament did not permit time to debate whether it should extend abortion rights under the Abortion Act 1967 to also cover Northern Ireland. The 2008 Act does not alter the status quo.
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In vertebrates, functional differentiation continues even after birth, with the transformation into the adult phenotype occurring through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Sanderson, I. Walker, W.A., (1998) Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract. B.C. Decker Inc, Lewiston, NY Patterning events that determine tissue differentiation in vertebrates rely on several hox genes, the morphogen sonic hedgehog, and transcription factors such as sox2 and sox9.Faure, S. De Santa Barbara, P. (2011) Molecular Embryology of the Foregut, Faure S, De Santa Barbara P. Molecular embryology of the foregut.
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As of February 2016, the United States had no regulations governing mitochondrial donation, and Congress barred the FDA from evaluating any applications that involve implanting modified embryos into a woman. The United Kingdom became the first country to legalize the procedure; the UK's chief medical officer recommended it be legalized in 2013; parliament passed The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations in 2015,The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015 No. 572 and the regulatory authority published regulations in 2016.
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With Austrian zoologist Karl Heider, he co-wrote an important textbook on comparative embryology called Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Entwicklungsgeschichte der wirbellosen Thiere. It was later translated into English and published as "Text-book of the embryology of invertebrates" (several volumes). In 1907 he published Regeneration und Transplantation, a work that was also translated into English; "Regeneration and transplantation".WorldCat Search (publications) With physiologist Max Verworn, chemist Karl Schaum and others, he was editor of the 10-volume Handwörterbuch der Naturwissenschaften (1912-1915).Archiv.
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Additionally, he is Deputy Director of the Magee-Women's Research Institute and Director of the Pittsburgh Development Center. Throughout his academic career, Schatten has also conducted research and taught at various other institutions. During 1985-1986, he was an Instructor in Molecular Embryology of the Mouse at the Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory and a Resident Instructor of Embryology at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. From 1986-1987, he held a visiting professorship at the Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University.
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Embryology is central to evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo"), which studies the genetic control of the development process (e.g. morphogens), its link to cell signalling, its roles in certain diseases and mutations, and its links to stem cell research. Embryology is the key to Gestational Surrogacy, which is when the sperm of the intended father and egg of intended mother are fused in a lab forming an embryo. This embryo is then put into the surrogate who carries the child to term.
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Wheeler was also under the influence of professors C.O. Whitman and Dr. William Pattern, who were embryologists at the Allis Lake Laboratory in Milwaukee. He was inspired by Pattern to study insect embryology and did so for several years. During this time, Wheeler left the high school in 1887 and become a custodian at Milwaukee Public Museum, a position he held until 1890. He studied embryology at home and after work hours, in which he had set up a small laboratory.
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Some embryology studies also use permanent cells to avoid harvesting embryonic cells from pregnant animals; since the cells are permanent, they may be harvested at a later age when an animal is fully developed.
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Wormian bones are named for Ole Worm, professor of anatomy at Copenhagen, 1588-1654\. He taught Latin, Greek, physics and medicine. His description of the extra-sutural bones contributed to the science of embryology.
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The work was published as Townes' thesis in the classic paper in embryology and developmental biology, 'Directed movements and selective adhesion of embryonic amphibian cells' in 1955 in the J. Exp. Zool. 128:53-120.
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His doctoral thesis was entitled "Concepts of Early Tapeworm Development Derived From Comparative Embryology of Oncospheres". He began his academic career in 1953 as an assistant professor of biology at Ursinus College, remaining until 1957.
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Atlas of Human Embryology, Chronolab . Last accessed on Oct 30, 2007. In the fifth week, the alar plate of the prosencephalon expands to form the cerebral hemispheres (the telencephalon). The basal plate becomes the diencephalon.
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In 1959 Yves Rumpler was appointed assistant chief in the Institute of Embryology at the University of Strasbourg and until 1966 his research focused on traditional subjects studied at Strasbourg e.g. thyroid hormones, teratology. From 1966 to 1976, Yves Rumpler was an associate lecturer in histology and embryology at the National School of Medicine, Tananarive, Madagascar (now part of the University of Antananarivo). He undertook studies on the systematic and chromosomal evolution of the lemurs in Madagascar and is consequently recognized for his work in primatology.
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He was also a researcher in cardiac embryology at Inserm and a lecturer at Pierre and Marie Curie University. Dor died on 4 April 2020 in Paris from COVID-19 at age 91 during the pandemic.
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Berkovits BKB, Holland GR, Moxham BJ. (2002). Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology. Mosby. 3rd edn. pp. 125. . Dentinal sclerosis/transparent dentin-sclerosis of primary dentin is regressive alteration in tooth characterized by calcification of dentinal tubules.
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The field of comparative embryology aims to understand how embryos develop, and to research the inter-relatedness of animals. It has bolstered evolutionary theory by demonstrating that all vertebrates develop similarly and have a putative common ancestor.
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Recent studies, however, suggest that it should be treated as a separate species.Siuta, A., M. Bozek, M. Jedrzejczyk, A. Rostanski, E. Kuta. 2005. Is the blue zinc violet (Viola guestphalica Nauenb.) of hybrid origin? evidence from embryology.
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The descending colon occupies a similar position on the left side.Mitchell B, Sharma R. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text, 2e. Churchill Livingstone; 2 edition (June 22, 2009). . During these topographic changes, the dorsal mesentery undergoes corresponding changes.
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The presence of odontoblastic processes here allows the secretion of matrix components. Predentin can be 10-40μm in width, depending on its rate of deposition.Berkovits BKB, Holland GR, Moxham BJ. (2002). Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology. Mosby.
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The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It created the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority which is in charge of human embryo research, along with monitoring and licensing fertility clinics in the United Kingdom. The Authority is composed of a chairman, a deputy chairman, and however many members are appointed by the UK Secretary of State. They are in charge of reviewing information about human embryos and subsequent development, provision of treatment services, and activities governed by the Act of 1990.
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He studied under Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer (1836-1921) at the University of Berlin, obtaining his medical doctorate in 1892 with a thesis on the ciliary body and iris of the reptilian eye. In 1898 he received his habilitation in Berlin, and in 1935 was appointed full professor of histology, embryology and anatomy at the institute of Hermann Stieve (1886-1952). Kopsch published numerous works on comparative anatomy and embryology, and with August Rauber (1841-1917) was co-author of the Lehrbuch und Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen. After Rauber's death, he was its sole author.
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His latest research is dedicated to the study of mitochondrial activity in human oocytes and DNA damage in human embryos. Dr Dale has published over 130 peer review papers and 7 books on fertilization and embryology. His first book “Fertilization in Animals” published in 1983 in the Studies in Biology Series is still considered a standard for scholars, while his latest “In Vitro Fertilization” translated also into Russian and Turkish, with co-author Kay Elder is used for University courses and by ESHRE for their embryology accreditation course.
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The Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 (c. 23) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom "to prohibit the placing in a woman of a human embryo which has been created otherwise than by fertilisation". The act received Royal Assent on 4 December 2001. On 14 January 2001 the British government passed The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001 to amend the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 by extending allowable reasons for embryo research to permit research around stem cells and cell nuclear replacement, thus allowing therapeutic cloning.
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Although invertebrate embryology is similar in some ways for different invertebrate animals, there are also countless variations. For instance, while spiders proceed directly from egg to adult form, many insects develop through at least one larval stage. For decades, a number of so-called normal staging tables were produced for the embryology of particular species, mainly focussing on external developmental characters. As variation in developmental progress makes comparison among species difficult, a character-based Standard Event System was developed, which documents these differences and allows for phylogenetic comparisons among species.
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De Beer's early work at Oxford was influenced by J. B. S. Haldane and by Julian Huxley and E. S. Goodrich (two of his teachers). His early work was in experimental embryology; some of it was done in collaboration with Huxley, who would go on to be one of the leading figures of the modern synthesis. The Elements of experimental embryology, written with Huxley, was the best summary of the field at that time (1934). In Embryos and Ancestors (1930) de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially paedomorphosis in evolution.
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A. G. Sharov Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov (А.Г. Шаров, 1922–1973) was a Russian palaeoentomologist, paleontologist and expert on Pterosauria. He graduated from Moscow State University. In 1951 he defended Candidate of Science dissertation on the embryology of Apterygota.
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1907–1910: McClendon taught biology at Randolph-Macon College, then zoology at the University of Missouri. 1910–1914: McClendon was Assistant, Instructor in histology and embryology of the Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University.Cornell University Information Database.
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Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to Hennig. CRC Press. Naef visited Dohrn's Zoological Station in Naples, Italy in 1908. Although initially planning to collect eggs from a variety of animals, he ended up studying the embryology of the squid Loligo vulgaris.
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Livia Puljak (born October 25, 1977 in Split, SFR Jugoslavia) is a Croatian scientist and associate professor at the Faculty of Medicine in Split. She is the head of the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Split.
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HFEA - Centre for Human Reproductive Science HFEA policies are reviewed by specialists in the field regularly. After research and literature are reviewed, and open public meetings are held, the summarized information is presented to the Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority.
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Rugh devoted many of his research pursuits in the field of embryology and published many papers and wrote several books on this topic.Rugh, Roberts. "Histological effects on the embryo following X‐irradiation." Journal of morphology 85.3 (1949): 483-501.
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Une nouvelle histoire (Homo sapiens: the Inside Story) with the scientific direction of eminent paleoanthropologist Phillip Tobias, featured her ideas on how man evolved. Her ideas on how evolution took place have come from comparative studies of fossils and embryology.
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Mettee, M. F., and Scharpf, Christopher 1998. Reproductive Behavior, Embryology, and Larval Development of Pygmy Sunfish. American Currents, Winter 1998. The average lifespan of a banded pygmy sunfish is around 2.5 years, with the maximum recorded age at three years.
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Commonly, infertility of a male partner or sterilisation was a reason for treatment. Donations were anonymous and unregulated. The Warnock Committee's report was published on July 18, 1984. and led to the passing of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990.
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It is descriptive and functional. Basically, it covers the gross anatomy and the microscopic (histology and cytology) of living beings. It involves both development anatomy (embryology) and the anatomy of the adult. It also includes comparative anatomy between different species.
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The book examined the role of the cell surface in embryology, development and evolution, and presented a critique of gene theory, particularly the views of Jacques Loeb. Sapp suggests that "Just’s theorizing on the cell cortex [in this work] was unsurpassed".
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The first pharyngeal arch also mandibular arch (corresponding to the first branchial arch or gill arch of fish), is the first of six pharyngeal arches that develops during the fourth week of development.William J. Larsen (2001). Human embryology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
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Louis Rapkine (July 14, 1904 – December 13, 1948) was a French biologist, specializing in embryology and enzymology, most known for his efforts in saving and restoring the French scientific community during World War II, largely assisted by the Rockefeller Foundation.
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In the same year he was awarded a DSc from London University. On his death on 3 May 1926 he bequeathed Cambridge University his scientific apparatus and sufficient funds to create two professorships: one in embryology and one in biophysics.
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The Human Fertilization and Embryology Act 1990 regulates ex-vivo human embryo creation and the research involving them. This act established the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) to regulate treatment and research in the UK involving human embryos. In 2001, an extension of the Act legalized embryo research for the purposes of “increasing knowledge about the development of embryos,” “increasing knowledge about serious disease,” and “enabling any such knowledge to be applied in developing treatments for serious disease.” The HFEA grants licenses and research permission for up to three years, based on approval of five steps by the Research License Committee.
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Until the birth of modern embryology through observation of the mammalian ovum by Karl Ernst von Baer in 1827, there was no clear scientific understanding of embryology. Only in the late 1950s when ultrasound was first used for uterine scanning, was the true developmental chronology of human fetus available. Karl Ernst von Baer along with Heinz Christian Pander, also proposed the germ layer theory of development which helped to explain how the embryo developed in progressive steps. Part of this explanation explored why embryos in many species often appear similar to one another in early developmental stages using his four principles.
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The staff is full of youthful spirit, diligence and potential. The Fundamental Medicine Teaching Department includes Mathematics and Computer Science Section, College English and Majoring English Sections, Social Science Section, Physical Science Section, Section of Anthropotomy, Histology and Embryology, Physiology Section, Immunology and Pathogeny Section, Pathology Section, Preventive Medicine Section. The department also has some laboratories, such as anthropotomy, histology and embryology laboratory, enginery laboratory, pathogeny and parasitology laboratory, microbiology and immunology laboratory, computer and language laboratory. The Fundamental Medicine Teaching Department is charged with the teaching of 30 courses from clinic medicine, stomatology, nursing, bio-engineering, medicament.
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The college required two years of study at another institution and an examination by the college faculty. The college offered Morgan a full professorship; however, he chose to stay at Johns Hopkins and was awarded a relatively large fellowship to help him fund his studies. Under Brooks, Morgan completed his thesis work on the embryology of sea spiders—collected during the summers of 1889 and 1890 at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts—to determine their phylogenetic relationship with other arthropods. He concluded that with respect to embryology, they were more closely related to spiders than crustaceans.
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Their ambitious programme to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life was joined by Huxley and supported by discoveries in palaeontology. Haeckel used embryology extensively in his recapitulation theory, which embodied a progressive, almost linear model of evolution. Darwin was cautious about such histories, and had already noted that von Baer's laws of embryology supported his idea of complex branching. Asa Gray promoted and defended Origin against those American naturalists with an idealist approach, notably Louis Agassiz who viewed every species as a distinct fixed unit in the mind of the Creator, classifying as species what others considered merely varieties.
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Franklin Paine Mall (September 28, 1862 – November 17, 1917) was an American anatomist and pathologist known for his research and literature in the fields of anatomy and embryology. Mall was granted a fellowship for the Department of Pathology at the Johns Hopkins University and after positions at other universities, later returned to be the head of the first Anatomy Department at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. There, he reformed the field of anatomy and its educational curriculum. Mall was the founder and the first chief of the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institution for Science.
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The change was being recommended by some in the profession in Britain in the late 1990s. In 2005 the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) published a paper aiming to facilitate a revision of nomenclature used to describe early pregnancy events.
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Also during this migration, Koller's sickle prevents the hypoblast cells and the area opaca cells from making contact with the blastoderm, which allows the primitive streak to form.Carlson, Bruce M. Human Embryology & Developmental Biology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1999. Print.Society for Developmental Biology.
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Wesley Critz George (1888–1982) was an American academic. He was Professor of histology and embryology and Chair of the Department of Anatomy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1940 to 1949. He was a eugenicist and a segregationist.
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Løvtrup was born in Copenhagen. In 1945, he enrolled at University of Copenhagen, where he obtained a master's degree in biochemistry. He worked at Carlsberg Laboratory, until 1953 when he received a PhD in embryology. He also worked at University of Gothenburg.
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The chair of the Professor of Anatomy at the University of Cambridge was founded by the university in 1707. In 1924, the scope of the professorship was extended from purely human anatomy to cover the anatomy of all vertebrates, as well as embryology.
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Into the pharyngeal arches and Truncus arteriosus (embryology), forming the aorticopulmonary septum and the smooth muscle of great arteries. Anterior of the aorta to become the four pre-aortic ganglia: (celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion and aortical renal ganglia).
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For an online inventory of scientific illustrators including currently already more than 1000 medical illustrators active 1450-1950 and specializing in anatomy, dermatology and embryology, see the Stuttgart Database of Scientific Illustrators 1450–1950 Medical illustration is used in the history of medicine.
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A number of morphological studies from this period focus on the causes of pilonidal sinus disease and of tract-forming suppurative hidradenitis as well the embryology and function of the pelvic structures. In 1985, Stelzner became President of the German Society for Surgery.
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He was discharged from the U.S. Army in December 1945. In 1948 he graduated with a Ph.D. in embryology from Johns Hopkins University. In 1948 Trinkaus became an instructor in Yale University's department of zoology (which later became the department of biology).
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August Dehnel s. Michała (June 25, 1903, Warsaw - November 22, 1962, Warsaw) was a Polish zoologist, Ph.D. (1926), professor. "Dehnel August, prof. nadzw. (1903-1962)" (article mirror) Until 1949 he signed his popular science and embryology works with the name Gustaw Dehnel.
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Elected President of the RVCS in 1911. He was acknowledged for contributions to embryology and the anatomy of the limbs of the horse and domestic ruminants. With McFadyean and Stockman he was involved in the first experiments to develop the ‘TB’ test in Great Britain.
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She was Fulbright Fellow at the laboratory of Prof. Joseph Gall, Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology in Baltimore, MD, USA, 1990. Eugenia del Pino is recognized as the premier developmental biologist of Latin America by the Latin American Society for Developmental Biology.
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Her doctoral thesis was dedicated to the embryology of the viviparous freshwater fish, Fitzroyia lineata (now under Jenynsia, Characiformes: Jenynsüdae). She worked as a head of the Laboratory until 1924 and as a substitute professor from 1933 to 1946, returning to this position in 1955.
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His major books were Tyroglyphoid mites (Tyroglyphoidea) (1941) and Comparative embryology of lower invertebrates (1949). Some of his lectures and manuscripts were published posthumously in 1953 by his friends and students. A number of mite genera are named in his honour including Zachvatkinia and Zachvatkinella .
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He completed an MS in Microbiology at the University of Illinois (with Paul M. Bingham). His interest in embryology led him to take his PhD at the California Institute of Technology in 1958 where he studied alongside Howard Temin in the laboratory of Renato Dulbecco.
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María Victoria de la Cruz (1916 - November 30, 1999) was a Cuban-Mexican cardiologist and embryologist who was instrumental in describing the development of the human heart in utero, and used the principles of embryology and developmental biology to classify complex congenital heart disease.
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Before 1 April 1991, section 5(1) of the Abortion Act 1967 provided that nothing in that Act affected the provisions of the Infant Life (Preservation) Act 1929. That section was substituted by section 37(4) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990.
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4th edition. Page 450. . The dentinal tubules extend from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) in the crown area, or dentinocemental junction (DCJ) in the root area, to the outer wall of the pulp.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 156.
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John Adam Ryder (February 29, 1852, Franklin County, Pennsylvania – March 26, 1895), was an American zoologist and embryologist. He worked for the United States Fish Commission from 1880 to 1886 and Professor of Comparative Embryology at the University of Pennsylvania from 1886 to 1895.
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Embryology Atlas Through the processes of compaction, cell division, and blastulation, the conceptus takes the form of the blastocyst by the fifth day of development, just as it approaches the site of implantation.Blackburn, Susan. Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology, p. 80 (Elsevier Health Sciences 2007).
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In human embryology, the intermediate zone of the cortex is a layer in the neural tube between the marginal zone and the pia mater. It contains bipolar cells as well as multipolar cells. The latter have a special type of neuronal migration - multipolar migration.
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During the first two years of study, the curriculum includes basic theoretical subjects, such as anatomy, physiology, histology, embryology, biochemistry, and organic and inorganic chemistry. Clinical subjects, which begin in the third year, include gynecology, surgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, E.N.T., neurology, dermatology and psychiatry.
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Field, L.H. 1993. Structure and evolution of stridulatory mechanisms in New Zealand Wetas (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology (22): 163-183. In the case of D. heteracantha there is a wide variation in the gross morphology of their stridulatory structures.
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Although Charles Darwin accepted Haeckel's support for natural selection, he was tentative in using Haeckel's ideas in his writings; with regard to embryology, Darwin relied far more on von Baer's work. Haeckel's work was published in 1866 and 1874, years after Darwin's "The Origin of Species" (1859). Despite the numerous oppositions, Haeckel has influenced many disciplines in science in his drive to integrate such disciplines of taxonomy and embryology into the Darwinian framework and to investigate phylogenetic reconstruction through his Biogenetic Law. As well, Haeckel served as a mentor to many important scientists, including Anton Dohrn, Richard and Oscar Hertwig, Wilhelm Roux, and Hans Driesch.
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In 1977, a revolution in thinking about evolution and developmental biology began, with the arrival of recombinant DNA technology in genetics, and the works Ontogeny and Phylogeny by Stephen J. Gould and Evolution by Tinkering by François Jacob. Gould laid to rest Haeckel's interpretation of evolutionary embryology, while Jacob set out an alternative theory. This led to a second synthesis, at last including embryology as well as molecular genetics, phylogeny, and evolutionary biology to form evo-devo. In 1978, Edward B. Lewis discovered homeotic genes that regulate embryonic development in Drosophila fruit flies, which like all insects are arthropods, one of the major phyla of invertebrate animals.
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In these lectures he supplemented the views of German observers with results from his own investigations. In 1841 William Pulteney Alison resigned the chair of physiology in Edinburgh, and in 1842 Thomson was elected his successor. He occupied this chair for six years, making contributions to embryology.
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Sterechinus neumayeri, the Antarctic sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinidae. It is found living on the seabed in the waters around Antarctica. It has been used as a model organism in the fields of reproductive biology, embryology, ecology, physiology and toxicology.
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The first professors are graduates of the higher veterinary schools in Berlin, Vienna, Lyon and Torino. International contests for heads of three major departments were announced. Thus, Assoc. Prof. Heinrich Bitner from Berlin was appointed for head of the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Prof.
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Invagination can be referenced as one of the steps of the establishment of the body plan. The term, originally used in embryology, has been adopted in other disciplines as well. There is more than one type of movement for invagination. Two common types are axial and orthogonal.
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General medicine education in Iran takes 7 to 7.5 years. Students enter the university after high school. Students study basic medical science (such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, histology, biophysics, embryology, etc.) for 2.5 years. At the end of this period they should pass a "basic science" exam.
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Epigenesis is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
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In addition to surgical teaching he continued to teach anatomy in the university department and carried out research into the embryology of the endocrine glands. He was elected president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1949 and president Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Society in 1955.
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Here, neurons mature into various forms of multipolar cells,Yamaguchi, K., & Goto, N. (1997). Three-dimensional structure of the human cerebellar dentate nucleus: a computerized reconstruction study. [Article]. Anatomy and Embryology, 196(4), 343–348. and the most frequent neuronal types are medium sized to large neurons.
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The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) was founded in 1985 by Robert Edwards (University of Cambridge) and J. Cohen (Paris), who felt that the study and research in the field of reproduction needed to be encouraged and recognized. It is currently headquartered in Belgium.
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Ernest William MacBride (1866-1940): embryologist; member of Governing Council of JIHI, 1913-1940 A defender of Lamarckian evolution, MacBride's specialism was the morphology and embryology of the Echinoderms. MacBride supported Paul Kammerer’s claims to have demonstrated Lamarckian inheritance in the Midwife toad. MacBride held racialist ideas.
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Larsen's human embryology (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Most cases of Meckel's diverticulum are diagnosed when complications manifest or incidentally in unrelated conditions such as laparotomy, laparoscopy or contrast study of the small intestine. Classic presentation in adults includes intestinal obstruction and inflammation of the diverticulum (diverticulitis).
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Carlson: Human Embryology and Developmental Biology, 4th Edition. Copyright 2009 by Mosby. 184-205. Tbx4 is expressed in the hindlimb, whereas Tbx5 is expressed in the forelimb, heart, and dorsal side of the retina. Studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) play a key role in limb initiation.
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C. F. Wolff, attribution of the portrait dubious. Wolff's research covered embryology, anatomy, and botany. He was the discoverer of the primitive kidneys (mesonephros), or "Wolffian bodies" and its excretory ducts. He described these in his dissertation "Theoria Generationis" after observing them in his studies on chick embryos.
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After 1908 he worked as a full-time academic in Istanbul University and Ankara University. He lectured histology and embryology. He notably contributed to the field of bacteriology via his research on microorganisms (tuberculosis, anthrax, cholera, syphilis, gonorrhea), and the field of virology by his research on rinderpest.
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He attended the University of Wisconsin, graduating with a bachelor of science degree in 1888. His science studies were in histology and embryology, and included making histological sections of tissues for study under the microscope. He went on to the University of Pennsylvania, gaining an M.D. in 1891.
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Dexiothetism has been implicated in the origin of the unusual embryology of the cephalochordate amphioxus, whereby its gill slits originate on the left hand side and the migrate to the right hand side. In Jefferies' Calcichordate Theory, he supposes that all chordates and their mitrate ancestors are dexiothetic.
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He was a student of the eminent Indian theoretical physicist Satyendra Nath Bose. However, since 1960 he moved into biology, making significant original contributions to molecular embryology, and later, since late 1970s became an ecologist, studying mammalian pheromones, at the Indian Statistical Institute under its founder Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.
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Betty then accepted the Louise Foote Pfeiffer Professorship of Embryology in 1969. In 1971, Betty became editor-in-chief of Developmental Biology. She continued to succeed and was elected Chairperson of Harvard's Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology in 1975. She served in this department for 18 years.
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The foramen secundum () is formed from small perforations that develop in the septum primum. The septum primum is a that grows down between the single primitive atrium of the developing heart to separate it into left and right atria.Schoenwolf, Gary C., and William J. Larsen. Larsen's Human Embryology.
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Diacumakos was born in Chester, Pennsylvania on August 11, 1930. She studied zoology the University of Maryland, College Park, graduating in 1951. She completed a master's in embryology in 1955 and her doctorate at New York University in 1958. She remained there as a research associate until 1964.
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In 1933, Amoroso went to London, where he was demonstrator in embryology and histology at University College London. Also in 1933, he began a PhD, which he received in 1934 for his work on the development of the urogenital system in rabbits. After a chance meeting with Hewlett Johnson, later to be known as the "red dean of Canterbury", Amoroso was told about an opening with the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) for a senior assistant for histology and embryology, and he successfully applied for the position, his appointment taking effect in October 1934. In his early days at the veterinary college, as the first staff member of colour, he was subjected to racism and resentment from some colleagues.
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A tiny person (a homunculus) inside a sperm, as drawn by Nicolaas Hartsoeker in 1695As recently as the 18th century, the prevailing notion in western human embryology was preformation: the idea that semen contains an embryo – a preformed, miniature infant, or homunculus – that simply becomes larger during development. The competing explanation of embryonic development was epigenesis, originally proposed 2,000 years earlier by Aristotle. Much early embryology came from the work of the Italian anatomists Aldrovandi, Aranzio, Leonardo da Vinci, Marcello Malpighi, Gabriele Falloppio, Girolamo Cardano, Emilio Parisano, Fortunio Liceti, Stefano Lorenzini, Spallanzani, Enrico Sertoli, and Mauro Rusconi. According to epigenesis, the form of an animal emerges gradually from a relatively formless egg.
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Cullen's sign is superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus. It is named for gynecologist Thomas Stephen Cullen (1869–1953), who first described the sign in ruptured ectopic pregnancy in 1916.T.S. Cullen. Embryology, anatomy, and diseases of the umbilicus together with diseases of the urachus.
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Adolf Naef (1 May 1883 – 11 May 1949) was a Swiss zoologist and palaeontologist who worked on cephalopods and systematics. Although he struggled with academic politics throughout his career and difficult conditions during World War I and II, his work had lasting influences on the fields of phylogenetics, morphology, and embryology.
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Zoology () is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōion, i.e. "animal" and λόγος, logos, i.e. "knowledge, study".
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Dor was born into a wealthy, Catholic family. His father was the director of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique. He had four children with his wife, Françoise Dugé de Bernonville, daughter of Jacques de Bernonville. Dor was a doctor specializing in embryology and practiced at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.
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She returned to Bryn Mawr in 1892, where she received her MS in biology in 1894, advised by Thomas Morgan. After graduation, she published her work on the musculature of chitons, returned to Woods Hole as an independent investigator, and spent seven summers investigating breeding, development and embryology in amphibia.
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The urachus is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord.Larsen, "Human Embryology," 3rd ed., pg. 258 The fibrous remnant lies in the space of Retzius, between the transverse fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly.
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Graduate school coursework includes topics such as human genetics, embryology, ethics, research, and counseling theory and techniques. Clinical training including supervised rotations in prenatal, pediatric, adult, cancer, and other subspecialty clinics, as well as non- patient facing rotations in laboratories. Research training typically culminates in a capstone or thesis project.
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Coat of arms of the of 1749, in the by in 1882. Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn ( – ) was a Baltic German scientist and explorer. Baer is also known in Russia as Karl Maksímovich Ber (). Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and a founding father of embryology.
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Sometimes, precursor cell is used as an alternative term for unipotent stem cells. In embryology, precursor cells are a group of cells that later differentiate into one organ. A blastoma is any cancer created by malignancies of precursor cells. Precursor cells, and progenitor cells, have many potential uses in medicine.
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Pritchard is registered as the vice-chairman of the all- party parliamentary Pro-Life Group. He was the mover of an amendment to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 in the 2005–2010 parliament, which sought to reduce the term-limit for abortions from 24 weeks to 16 weeks.
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Zon's early studies were in Russia. He attended the "classical gymnasium" in Simbirsk, and, studying "medical and natural sciences," graduating from the Kazan Imperial University with a bachelor's degree in "comparative embryology".Schmaltz, Norman J. (1980). "Forest Researcher: Raphael Zon" Part I, Journal of Forest History (January), pp.25-39.
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Section 37Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 - Abortion of the Act amends the Abortion Act 1967. The section specifies and broadens the conditions where abortion is legal. Women who consider abortion are referred to two doctors. Each doctor then advises her whether abortion is a suitable decision based on the conditions listed below.
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Winifred Mary Curtis AM (15 June 1905 – 14 October 2005) was a British-born Australian botanist, author and a pioneer researcher in plant embryology and cytology who played a prominent role in the department of botany at the University of Tasmania (UTAS), where the main plant science laboratory is named in her honor.
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Moore finished his last two years of high school at Haaren High School. He also volunteered at the American Museum of Natural History. Despite his humble background he was accepted to Columbia College as an undergraduate after a strong interview. While there, he married fellow embryology graduate student Betty Clark in 1938.
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Originally called Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology () and established in 1953, the journal provided a periodical that would be primarily devoted to morphogenesis. In 1987, the journal was renamed Development. The journal’s full archive from 1953 is available online. Development is now a hybrid journal and publishes 24 issues a year.
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Farber was an assistant professor at Thomas Jefferson University. In 2004, he became a staff researcher at the Carnegie Institution for Science. He works in the department of embryology. In 2018, he was awarded a 5-year $3.3 million NIH grant for researching novel pharmaceuticals and diseases associated with altered levels of lipoproteins.
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The IFAA is the only international body representing all aspects of anatomy and anatomical associations. Since 1989 the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) under IFAA auspices, has met to analyze and study the international morphological terminology (Anatomy, Histology and Embryology), releasing updated Terminologia Anatomica in 1998 and Terminologia Histologica in 2008.
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Meyer, G. (2007). Genetic Control of Neuronal Migrations in Human Cortical Development(Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology). F. F. Beck, Melbourne, F. Clascá, Madrid, M. Frotscher, Freiburg, D. E. Haines, Jackson, H-W. Korf, Frankfurt, E.Marani, Enschede, R. Putz, München, Y. Sano, Kyoto, T. H. Schiebler, Würzburg & K. Zilles, Düsseldorf (Eds).
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As a Roman Catholic, Mulholland describes himself as holding 'pro-life' views and has a strong voting record against abortion, embryology and euthanasia. Mulholland is one of three Liberal Democrat MPs to have supported MP Nadine Dorries's attempts to reduce the number of weeks at which a woman can legally have an abortion.
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According to Locy, since he assumed a total lack of organization in the beginning, he was obliged to make development "miraculous" through the action on the egg of a hyperphysical agent; from a total lack of organization, he conceived of its being lifted to the highly organized product through the action of a "vis essentialis corporis." In 1768-1769, he published his best work in embryology on the development of the intestine; of which Baer said, "It is the greatest masterpiece of scientific observation which we possess." Again, according to Locy, while Wolff's investigations for "Theoria Generationis" did not reach the level of Marcello Malpighi’s, those of the paper of 1768 surpassed them and held the position of the best piece of embryological work up to that of Heinz Christian Pander and Karl Ernst von Baer. Wolff’s "De Formatione Intestinorum" rather than his "Theoria Generationis" embodies his greatest contribution to embryology; in it he foreshadows the idea of germ layers in the embryo, which, under Pander and von Baer, became the fundamental conception in structural embryology- he laid the foundation for the germ layer theory.
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Embryology (here comparing a human and dog) provided one mode of evidence In the introduction to Descent, Darwin lays out the purpose of his text: :"The sole object of this work is to consider, firstly, whether man, like every other species, is descended from some pre-existing form; secondly, the manner of his development; and thirdly, the value of the differences between the so-called races of man." Darwin's approach to arguing for the evolution of human beings is to outline how similar human beings are to other animals. He begins by using anatomical similarities, focusing on body structure, embryology, and "rudimentary organs" that presumably were useful in one of man's "pre- existing" forms. He then moves on to argue for the similarity of mental characteristics.
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He left Milwaukee after leaving the museum to assist Whitman at Clark University, and, by 1892, secured a doctorate in philosophy; his dissertation was "Contribution to Insect Embryology". At the same time, Wheeler commenced his work on insects and published around 10 entomological papers, which presented himself as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. After receiving a call from the University of Chicago, Whitman subsequently accepted their offer, followed by Wheeler who was appointed under him as instructor in embryology in 1892. He held this position until 1897, where he became the assistant professor in his chosen field. Before he began his duties at Chicago, Wheeler was given a year's absence, allowing him to study in Europe between 1893 and 1894.
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SCNT involving human cells is currently legal for research purposes in the United Kingdom, having been incorporated into the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990.Andy Coghlan, "Cloning opponents fear loopholes in new UK law", New Scientist (November 23, 2001, retrieved October 6, 2006) Permission must be obtained from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in order to perform or attempt SCNT. In the United States, the practice remains legal, as it has not been addressed by federal law."Chapter 5: Legal and Policy Considerations. Cloning Human Beings" Report and Recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, June 1997. Accessed 21 Oct 06 However, in 2002, a moratorium on United States federal funding for SCNT prohibits funding the practice for the purposes of research.
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Common prerequisite classes include those of the biological, chemical, & physical sciences, including: human anatomy and physiology, embryology, genetics, microbiology, immunology, cellular biology, exercise physiology, kinesiology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology/pharmacology, nutrition, nuclear medicine, physics, biomechanics, and statistics. Chiropractic programs require at least 4,200 hours of combined classroom, laboratory, and clinical experience.
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Schad orients her work to somatic bodywork such as Body-Mind Centering. She was decisively influenced by an embryology workshop with Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen. She is a shiatsu practitioner, and has practiced aikido zen since 2014. These form the basis of her qi training together with Asian kinetic teachings such as meridian work and qigong.
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Other important contributions to amphioxus adult anatomy were given by Heinrich Rathke and John Goodsir. Kowalevsky also released the first complete description of amphioxus embryos, while Schultze and Leuckart were the first to describe the larvae. Other important contributions to amphioxus embryonic anatomy were given by Hatschek, Conklin and later by Tung (experimental embryology).
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His most important zoological publications, a series of papers on the embryology of the turtles, appeared at intervals from 1886 to 1896. Mitsukuri also brought the "holotype" goblin shark to the California Academy of Sciences where the genus was named after himself and the specimen trader Alan Owston, with the scientific name Mitsukurina ownstonii.
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They had a son Johan Schreiner, and through another son Fredrik Schreiner they had the grandson Per Schreiner. He took his examen artium in 1892 and graduated with the cand.med. degree in 1899. He then studied histology, embryology and cytology for one year in Würzburg, one year in Prague and half a year in Liège.
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During induction of the primitive streak, lefty confines Nodal activity to the posterior end of the embryo, establishing a posterior signaling center and inducing the formation of the primitive streak and mesoderm.Carlson, Bruce M. "Formation of Germ Layers and Early Derivatives." Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Mosby/Elsevier, 2009. 91-95. Print.
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Callebaut, M. (2008) Historical evolution of preformistic versus neoformistic (epigenetic) thinking in embryology, Belgian Journal of Zoology, vol. 138 (1), pp. 20–35, 2008 After the fertilization, the cleavage of the embryo leads to the formation of the germinal disc. As food, the chicken egg yolk is a major source of vitamins and minerals.
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He studied natural science at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Germany, but transferred to the University of Berlin in 1835 to study plants. Johann Horkel, Schleiden's uncle, encouraged him to study plant embryology. He soon developed his love for botany into a full-time pursuit. Schleiden preferred to study plant structure under the microscope.
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283 Rutimeyer claimed that Haeckel presented the same image three consecutive times as the embryo of the dog, the chicken, and the turtle.Hopwood, "Pictures of Evolution and Charges of Fraud", p. 275 Theodor Bischoff (1807–1882), was a strong opponent of Darwinism. As a pioneer in mammalian embryology, he was one of Haeckel's strongest critics.
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Charles H. Zeleny (17 September 1878 - 21 December 1939) was a Czech-American zoologist, and professor at the University of Illinois. He made important contributions to experimental zoology, especially embryology, regeneration, and genetics. Zeleny was born in Hutchinson, Minnesota, the son of Czech immigrants from Křídla. He was the younger brother of John Zeleny.
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Gilbert's research in the history and philosophy of biology concerns the interactions of genetics and embryology; feminist critiques of biology; Antireductionism; the formation of biological disciplines; and Bioethics. Some of these studies have documented the origins of the gene theory from embryological controversies,Gilbert, S. F. 1978. The embryological origins of the gene theory.
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Code, Alan. "The aporematic approach to primary being in Metaphysics Z". Canadian Journal of Philosophy 14.sup1 (1984): 1-20. and philosophy of science.Code, Alan. "Soul as efficient cause in Aristotle's embryology". Aristotle Critical Assessments 2 (1987): 297-304. He has commented on, clarified and extended the work of such eminent scholars as G. E. L. OwenCode, Alan.
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He then served as department head of the Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, studying quantitative cytology and histology at the teaching hospital of Strasbourg. From 1980 to 2007 Yves Rumpler taught at the Institute of Embryology in the University of Strasbourg. He has received an honorary doctorate from the Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany.
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In 1931, GWIS established its Formal Fellowships Fund, and the First Research Fellowship was awarded in 1941 to Frances Dorris-Humm, PhD at Yale University studying experimental embryology. In 1970, the Eloise Gerry Fellowship Fund, the first of the GWIS fellowships funded by a single individual rather than by fundraising and small membership contributions, was established.
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He left the Navy with the rank of lieutenant (junior grade). After completing his military service, Segal earned a bachelor's degree at Dartmouth College in 1947 and was awarded his doctorate degree from the University of Iowa in 1947 in biochemistry and embryology. In 1986 Segal received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Medicine at Uppsala University, Sweden.
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From 1871 to 1891, Hensen was professor of physiology at Kiel. During his time, he was head of five marine biological expeditions to the Baltic and North Seas, as well as the Atlantic Ocean. Hensen also worked in embryology and anatomy. He discovered a structure in the ear, the Hensen duct, also known as the Canal of Hensen.
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In embryology and prenatal development, the dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. The dental papilla appears after 8–10 weeks intra uteral life. The dental papilla gives rise to the dentin and pulp of a tooth.
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He pursued comparative embryology for his candidate's thesis due to his interest in the presentation and evolution of physical characteristics in animals. By engaging in a project that allowed him to compare the embryonic development in higher-level taxa (i.e. class, orders, etc.), Filipchenko gained a broader perspective on inheritance that would later inform his ideas on macroevolution.
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He was the founder, the first chief director and honorary director of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a pioneer of Chinese cytology, embryology and the founder of Chinese biophysics. He was considered the "Father of Chinese Biophysics". The asteroid 31065 Beishizhang was named in his honour on the occasion of his 100th birthday.
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Other important works by Hegelmaier include a monograph of the genus Callitriche, called Monographie der Gattung Callitriche (1864), and a highly regarded study involving plant embryology, titled Vergleichenden Untersuchungen über Entwicklung dikotyledoner Keime ("Comparative studies on development of dicotyledonous seeds", 1878).Deutsche Biographie (biography) Today his herbarium is kept at the Museum of Natural History in Stuttgart.
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The ciliary fibers have circular (Ivanoff), longitudinal (meridional) and radial orientations.Riordan- Eva Paul, "Chapter 1. Anatomy & Embryology of the Eye" (Chapter). AccessMedicine.com According to Hermann von Helmholtz's theory, the circular ciliary muscle fibers affect zonular fibers in the eye (fibers that suspend the lens in position during accommodation), enabling changes in lens shape for light focusing.
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The success rate per cycle is low compared to stimulated IVF. HFEA has estimated the live birth rate to be approximately 1.3% per IVF cycle using no hyperstimulation drugs for women aged between 40–42.Natural cycle IVF at the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority homepage. There is also a small risk of spontaneous ovulation before egg collection.
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Henri Rouvière (23 December 1876 - 26 October 1952) was a professor of anatomy born in Le Bleymard, France. He studied in Montpellier, receiving his medical doctorate in 1903. He later became a professor of anatomy and embryology at the University of Paris. Collège Henri Rouvière in his hometown of Le Bleymard is named in his honour.
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Veit Krenn spent his childhood partially in Florida but mostly in Vienna. He earned his Dr. med. univ. at the Medical University of Vienna on November 30, 1987 with his work about Migration und Determination myogener Zellen im Embryo. From 1988 to 1992 he worked as a medical intern at the Institute of Histology and Embryology in Vienna.
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In 1970 Takeichi became a member of the faculty of Kyoto University, and he served as Professor of Biophysics from 1986 to 2002. During his time at Kyoto, he studied abroad at the Carnegie Institute Department of Embryology for a fellowship. In 2000, he was appointed as Director of the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (RIKEN CDB).
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In 1964 Maclay became senior lecturer in anatomy at the Durban Medical School, University of Natal. He accepted the same position at the University of Cape Town in 1970, before returning to the University of Natal in 1974. Maclay evolved a series of diagrams for teaching gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, embryology and a masterpiece of concise instruction in applied anatomy.
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The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar and oxygen in the blood.
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The Hannington-Kiff sign is a clinical sign in which there is an absent adductor reflex in the thigh in the presence of a positive patellar reflex. It occurs in patients with an obturator hernia, due to compression of the obturator nerve.Obturator hernia: embryology, anatomy, surgery. L. J. Skandalakis, P. N. Skandalakis, G. L. Colborn and J. E. Skandalakis.
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Nettie Stevens's microscope, Bryn Mawr College Stevens was one of the first American women to be recognized for her contribution to science. Most of her research was completed at Bryn Mawr College. The highest rank she attained was Associate in Experimental Morphology (1905–1912). At Bryn Mawr, she expanded the fields of genetics, cytology, and embryology.
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Although he had retired, Morgan kept offices across the road from the Division and continued laboratory work. In his retirement, he returned to the questions of sexual differentiation, regeneration, and embryology. Morgan had throughout his life suffered with a chronic duodenal ulcer. In 1945, at age 79, he experienced a severe heart attack and died from a ruptured artery.
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Simon Henry Gage (May 20, 1851 - October 20, 1944) was a Professor of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology at Cornell University and an important figure in the history of American microscopy. His book, The Microscope, appeared in seventeen editions. In 1931, a volume of the American Journal of Anatomy was dedicated to Gage on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.
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Retrieved on March 20, 2013. Per the European Federation of Biotechnology, biotechnology is the integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services. Biotechnology is based on the basic biological sciences (e.g. molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, genetics, microbiology) and conversely provides methods to support and perform basic research in biology.
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In 1938, he was made reader in embryology at University College, London. During the Second World War De Beer again served with the Grenadier Guards reaching the rank of temporary lieutenant colonel. He worked in intelligence, propaganda and psychological warfare. Also during the war, in 1940, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
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The development of the embryo and gametophytes is called embryology. The study of pollens which persist in soil for many years is called palynology. Reproduction occurs when male and female gametophytes interact. This generally requires an external agent such as wind or insects to carry the pollen from the stamen to the vicinity of the ovule.
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In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and endoderm (inside layer), with the mesoderm as the middle layer between them.Langman's Medical Embryology, 11th edition. 2010. The mesoderm forms mesenchyme, mesothelium, non-epithelial blood cells and coelomocytes.
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She did her MBBS and MD from Grant Medical College, Mumbai. After her post graduation she further specialized in IVF & Micro- manipulation and PGD from the University of Ghent, Belgium, Alpha School of Embryology Naples, OVERIAN TISSUE FREEZING Copenhagen, Denmark. She researched on various topics of IVF & Infertility during her specialization. Her research also includes Embryo transfer.
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Work in the field was needed to test it. Francis Balfour and his Cambridge students had shown in the 1870s and early 1880s that embryology could help to answer questions about evolution. Perhaps the embryology of Polypterus, lungfish and related groups could help to establish which group of fishes had given rise to amphibians and hence to all tetrapods. In 1895, Bashford Dean, a leading authority, wrote: "From their isolated position, these recent forms [Polypterus and Calamoichthys] become of extreme interest to the morphologist, and from the side of their development, when this comes to be studied, they are expected to throw the greatest light on the relations of the primitive Teleostome to the sharks and Dipnoans, on the one hand, and to the Ganoids on the other".
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He also maintains that the third ventricle consists, not only of the posterior diencephalic portion, but of a smaller anterior one of telencephalic origin. In the second article (Sterzi, 1914), Sterzi criticizes the concept put forward by Edinger(1911) that the human brain consists of a neoencephalic portion: the cerebral cortex, and of a paleoencephalic one: the remaining encephalon. He demonstrates that even in the portion that Edinger considers paleoencephalon there are neoencephalic derivatives. Concerning whether all portions of the brain really evolve from lower craniates to man, he demonstrates that this is not the case because, in the course of phylogenesis, some parts evolve and others regress. The article “Anatomy and Embryology of the Endolymphatic Sac” (1909) is devoted to the anatomy and embryology of the endolymphatic sac.
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In 1933 Marshall entered Downing College, Cambridge as an exhibitor, supported by scholarships from both the Cambridgeshire County Council and the Board of Education. He gained a double first in the Natural Sciences Tripos, having read Zoology Part II. As an undergraduate he was interested in embryology and this led to him being introduced by his professor John Stanley Gardiner to E.S. Russell, whose book The Interpretation of Development and Heredity Marshall had admired. Russell at the time was Director of Fisheries Investigations at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and they discussed fish biology but Marshall was set on pursuing his interest in embryology. However, Gardiner advised Freddy to broaden his horizons and introduced him to a Commander Hawkridge who had an office insuring fishing boats in Hull.
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On January 14, 2001 the British government passed The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001 to amend the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 by extending allowable reasons for embryo research to permit research around stem cells and cell nuclear replacement, thus allowing therapeutic cloning. However, on November 15, 2001, a pro-life group won a High Court legal challenge, which struck down the regulation and effectively left all forms of cloning unregulated in the UK. Their hope was that Parliament would fill this gap by passing prohibitive legislation. Parliament was quick to pass the Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 which explicitly prohibited reproductive cloning. The remaining gap with regard to therapeutic cloning was closed when the appeals courts reversed the previous decision of the High Court.
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He remained unmarried until his death at the age of 88. Krohn worked at the University of Bonn on zoology, anatomy and embryology. He was a pioneer in marine biology and published essential works on Chaetognatha (Arrow Worms) in 1844 & 1853\. He was in correspondence with Charles Darwin and is said to have pointed out errors in Darwin's work in his thesis.
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His interests while there were anatomy, ichthyology, ethnography, anthropology, and geography. While embryology had kept his attention in Königsberg, then in Russia von Baer engaged in a great deal of field research, including the exploration of the island Novaya Zemlya. The last years of his life (1867–76) were spent in Dorpat, where he became a major critic of Charles Darwin.
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A coenocyte () is a multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without their accompanying cytokinesis, in contrast to a syncytium, which results from cellular aggregation followed by dissolution of the cell membranes inside the mass. The word syncytium in animal embryology is used to refer to the coenocytic blastoderm of invertebrates.Willmer, P. G. (1990). Invertebrate Relationships : Patterns in Animal Evolution.
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Patricia "Pat" Simpson FRS is a distinguished British developmental biologist. She is an Emeritus Professor of the Department of Zoology of the University of Cambridge, having previously been Professor of Comparative Embryology, and a Fellow of Newnham College. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2000. She graduated from Universite de Paris VI, Pierre and Marie Curie University.
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While still at the graduate school, to support his studies, Novikoff worked as a part-time instructor at the new Brooklyn College. His initial research focused on experimental embryology, and soon his interest shifted to cell biology under the influence of Arthur Pollister. At age twenty-three, in 1936, he published his first technical paper. In 1938 he was awarded his PhD.
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Eugen Korschelt (28 September 1858, in Zittau - 28 December 1946, in Marburg) was a German zoologist. He is known for his research in the field of comparative embryology and his work involving biological regeneration and transplantation. He served as a lecturer at the Universities of Freiburg and Berlin. becoming a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Marburg in 1892.
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New York: D. Appleton and Company (German: Anthropogenie) (1874). Haeckel was one of the first biologists to publish on evolution. Haeckel used the term Anthropogeny to refer to the study of comparative embryology and defined it as "the history of the evolution of man". The term changed over time, however, and came to refer to the study of human origins.
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Born in London, Ontario, she received B.A. (1923) and M.A. (1924) from University of Western Ontario (Western University). Her master's thesis was on the field of fish embryology. She completed her PhD at the University of Toronto in 1928 under the supervision of Archibald G. Huntsman, whereby she also became the first woman in Canada to earn a PhD in Marine Biology.
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Mărghitan & Mancaș, p. 46 In 1903, with Alexandru Popovici and Leon Cosmovici, he held a pioneering extracurricular course on parasitology."Ultime informațiunĭ", in Adevărul, November 19, 1903, p. 5 He then followed up with other such courses, in embryology and histology. From 1904, his articles promoting physical culture among the peasantry were hosted by Cultura Română, the popular pedagogy magazine,D.
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The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is an executive non- departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom. It is a statutory body that regulates and inspects all clinics in the United Kingdom providing in vitro fertilisation (IVF), artificial insemination and the storage of human eggs, sperm or embryos. It also regulates human embryo research.
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Maienschein was awarded a Fellowship at the Smithsonian, to study the history of microscopy. The National Science Foundation provided funding for her dissertation. Maienschein became involved with the Marine Biological Laboratory, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, to research historical embryology, morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. Maienschein researched the history and philosophy of developmental biology as well as issues surrounding stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
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The couple married in London at Christmas 1948, where Earle Seaton studied to become a barrister. Alberta Seaton went to the University of Brussels to study with Albert Dalcq at the School of Embryology. Dalcq was the laboratory's director, and he was developing a theory of morphogenetic development in parallel with his student, Jean Pasteels. Dalcq had been working with amphibian embryos.
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1981 by Daniel J. Krellenstein. During his life, Vishniac was the subject and creator of many films and documentaries; the most celebrated of which was the Living Biology series. This consisted of seven films on cell biology; organs and systems; embryology; evolution; genetics; ecology; botany; the animal world; and the microbial world. It was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
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She received her BA from Barnard College in 1969 and her Ph.D. from MIT in 1974. She was on the faculty of Duke University, and joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School in 1976. At Harvard, she was the Marion V. Nelson Professor of Cell Biology. She first attended the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1974, for a summer course on embryology.
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Nelson was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) where she worked alongside Mina J. Bissell in the Division of Life Sciences. Whilst at LBNL Nelson was awarded the outstanding performance award. She completed a course in embryology at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory in 2007. Nelson joined Princeton University as an Assistant Professor in 2007.
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William Tell (1786) Josef Benedikt Kuriger (1754–1815)Archives Suisses des Traditions Populaires, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Volkskunde., 1987, S.200 was a sculptor and model maker from Einsiedeln, Schwyz, who pioneered embryological modeling. Kuriger's work at the anatomical theatre in Paris gave him the experience to move from portraits and devotional objects into anatomy and obstetrics.Nick Hopwood: "Plastic Publishing in Embryology" in: Models.
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It is recognized that each of the major categories may include subgroups that are known or suspected to have clinical relevance. The first of these “subclassification systems” was for leiomyomas (Figure 3), recognizing their prevalence and the already existing classification system for submucous leiomyomas first published by Wamsteker et al. and then adopted by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE).
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Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IEM) is focused on biomedical research, incl. cell biology, neuropathology, teratology, cancer research, molecular embryology, stem cells and nervous tissue regeneration as such leading institution in the research in the CR it was selected as an EU Center of Excellence (MEDIPRA). IEM is member of Network of European Neuroscience Institutes (ENI-NET).
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Early on his career, Smith was an aspiring jazz musician, majoring at Indiana University for his first three years in music, playing the trumpet. He was then advised to leave the music track and shift to music education. Instead, he began studying science. Smith earned a B.A. in Zoology and Chemistry and a Ph.D. in Experimental Embryology from Indiana University.
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Osburn was born on January 4, 1872 in Newark, Ohio. In 1898, he received his bachelor's degree from the Ohio State University, and continued there, earning his Master's two years later. He received his Ph.D. in 1906 from Columbia University. After he got the Master's degree, he got a position as Instructor of Biology and Embryology at Starling Medical College.
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In 1894 Wheeler returned to Chicago where he was a teacher of embryology for five years. He continued to publish papers, half of which involved insects. In 1898, Wheeler married Dora Bay Emerson in Chicago, where they had met earlier. In 1899, he was offered the "Professorship In Zoology" following the death of professor Norman of the University of Texas.
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Frank Rattray Lillie was born on June 27, 1870, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His father was a wholesale druggist and accountant. After attending a laboratory school as a youth, Lillie enrolled at the University of Toronto. Originally intending to study theology, Lillie came under the tutelage of Robert Ramsay Wright and Archibald Macallum, who influenced Lillie to study endocrinology and embryology.
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Castle returned to Harvard in 1897. His early work focused on embryology, but after the rediscovery of Mendelian genetics in 1900, he turned to mammalian genetics, especially that of the guinea pig. In 1903 Castle intervened in the debate on mathematical foundations of Mendelian genetics. He corrected some tentative work of Udny Yule on breeding by deliberate selection and genetics.
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Charles Darwin noted that having similar embryos implied common ancestry, but little progress was made until the 1970s. Then, recombinant DNA technology at last brought embryology together with molecular genetics. A key early discovery was of homeotic genes that regulate development in a wide range of eukaryotes. The field is characterised by some key concepts which took evolutionary biologists by surprise.
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These two terms, used in anatomy and embryology, describe something at the back (dorsal) or front/belly (ventral) of an organism. The dorsal () surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. The ventral () surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism.
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Introduction: Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry of Cell Biology When Yao was in Britain, his research mainly focused on the developmental embryology of drosophila. Yao made significant contributions to the researches of cell differentiation and development, and experimental cancer biology in China, thus is regarded as a pioneer in these domains in China. Yao died in Shanghai on 4 November 2005.
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Helen Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock, (née Wilson; 14 April 1924 – 20 March 2019) was an English philosopher of morality, education, and mind, and a writer on existentialism. She is best known for chairing an inquiry whose report formed the basis of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. She served as Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge from 1984 to 1991.
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Agamospermy, asexual reproduction through seeds, occurs in flowering plants through many different mechanisms and a simple hierarchical classification of the different types is not possible. Consequently, there are almost as many different usages of terminology for apomixis in angiosperms as there are authors on the subject. For English speakers, Maheshwari 1950Maheshwari, P. 1950. An introduction to the embryology of the angiosperms.
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He then attended Oxford University, receiving a first class B.A. degree in 1981. He did his PhD under Prof. Jamshed Tata at the National Institute for Medical Research, London. He was awarded an EMBO long-term postdoctoral fellowship in 1984 and moved to the laboratory of Donald D. Brown at the Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington in Baltimore.
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A course of lectures on embryology, delivered by Sir Michael Foster in 1871, turned Balfour's attention to animal morphology. After the tripos, he was selected to occupy one of the two seats allocated to the University of Cambridge at the Naples zoological station. The research work which he began there contributed in an important degree to his election as a Fellow of Trinity in 1874; and also gave him the material for a series of papers (published as a monograph in 1878) on the Elasmobranch fish, which threw new light on the development of several organs in the Vertebrates, in particular of the uro-genital and nervous systems. His next work was a large treatise, Comparative Embryology, in two volumes; the first, published in 1880, dealing with the Invertebrates, and the second (1881) with the Vertebrates.
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At this time he was beginning to gather materials to conduct research into the embryology of mammals. Between 1940 and 1946 he published a series of articles with Joseph Gilman on embryology on the group of African mammals now known as Afrotheria, such as aardvark, golden moles and elephant shrews, their work being important in clarifying the systematics of these mammals. The visit to Curaçao had stimulated a lifelong interest in marine biology and when in South Africa he conducted expeditions to Inhaca with his students and gradually a small marine biological station was created there, which van der Horst helped create with the cooperation of Portuguese colonial authorities in Mozambique. He was instrumental in organising research into the fossil reptiles and mammals of South Africa; and connected the University of the Witwatersrand with the Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research.
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Umesao also developed theories on the increasing importance of “information” as a social phenomenon, combining concepts of animal embryology and civilization history. In his “Information Industry Theory: Dawn of the Coming Era of the Ectodermal Industry” (1963), he claimed that following the agricultural age (that is comparable to the endodermic stage in embryology where the digestive system is formed) and the industrial age (which is the mesodermic stage where the bones, muscles and circulatory system appear), a new society will form around the information industry. He argued that with the development of mass media and computers, information will become an important economic factor, and that this was equivalent to the ectodermal stage where the brain, nerves and sense organs come to function. He was thus one of the earliest to predict the coming of the Information Age.
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Nyhart, Biology Takes Form, pp. 132-133 In and around 1800, embryology fused with comparative anatomy as the primary foundation of morphology.Hopwood, "Pictures of Evolution and Charges of Fraud", p. 264 Ernst Haeckel, along with Karl von Baer and Wilhelm His, are primarily influential in forming the preliminary foundations of ‘phylogenetic embryology’ based on principles of evolution.Richardson and Keuck, "Haeckel’s ABC of evolution and development," p. 497 Haeckel's ‘Biogenetic Law’ portrays the parallel relationship between an embryo's development and phylogenetic history. The term, ‘recapitulation,’ has come to embody Haeckel's Biogenetic Law, for embryonic development is a recapitulation of evolution.Nyhart, Biology Takes Form, p. 9 Haeckel proposes that all classes of vertebrates pass through an evolutionarily conserved “phylotypic” stage of development, a period of reduced phenotypic diversity among higher embryos.Richardson and Keuck, "Haeckel’s ABC of evolution and development," p.
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Francoeur was born on October 18, 1931 in Detroit, Michigan. He earned a B.A. in philosophy and English at Sacred Heart College in 1953, a M.A. in Catholic theology at Saint Vincent College in 1957, a M.S. in biology at the University of Detroit in 1961, a Ph.D. in experimental embryology at the University of Delaware in 1967, and an A.C.S. in sexology at the Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality in 1979. He received the "Golden Brick Award" from the Center for Family Life Education for outstanding contributions to sexuality education in 2008 and was chosen by the German Society for Social- Scientific Sexuality Research to receive the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal for Sexual Reform in 2008. Trained in embryology, evolution, theology, and the humanities, Francoeur's main work was to synthesize and integrate the findings of primary sexological researchers.
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In 1901, she became the first woman faculty member of UTMB. She gave the opening speech on the first day of school at UTMB in 1912. In 1915, she became a full professor of embryology and ten years later in 1925, a full professor of histology. On May 27, 1927 she suffered from a sudden illness due to heart disease and died the same day.
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She worked with Professor Margaret Benson for her doctoral studies. These were on topics related to fossil plants, particularly relevant to the Gnetales and Amentiferae. They worked on several topics including the fertilisation of Carpinus betulus (European Hornbeam) and embryology of the Amentiferae. In 1916 Berridge commenced an appointment at University of Liverpool in the Thompson Yates Laboratory that changed the direction of her research.
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Aleksandr Andreyevich Tikhomirov (, - October 23, 1931) was a Russian zoologist. After graduating in the Saint Petersburg University and the Moscow University, Tikhomirov became a Professor of the latter and the director of the zoological museum attached to it. His major works, containing anti- darwinism, concern the anatomy, embryology and the physiology of silkworm. In 1886 Tikhomirov discovered the artificial parthenogenesis on the silkworm's grain.
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He lectured at Glasgow University in both Surgery and Embryology until 1916, being replaced by Thomas Walmsley. In the First World War he was conscripted as part of the 1916 Medical Recruitment Scheme as a lieutenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Despite an initial reluctance he rose to the rank of Major. At the point of recruitment he lived at 12 Ann Street in Hillhead, Glasgow.
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From 1894 to 1899 he held the Balfour Studentship of Cambridge, during which he went to the East Indies to investigate the embryology of the pearly nautilus. From 1899 to 1901 he was a lecturer in biology at Guy's Hospital. In 1902 he was elected F.R.S. From 1902 to 1909 he was the director of the Colombo Museum and the editor of Spolia Zeylanica.Spolia zeylanica, hathitrust.
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Although Just's experimental work showed an important role for the cell surface and the layer below it, the "ectoplasm," in development, it was largely and unfortunately ignored.Gilbert, Scott F. (1988), "Cellular politics: Ernest Everett Just, Richard B. Goldschmidt, and the attempt to reconcile embryology and genetics". In: Rainer R., D. Benson, J. Maienschein (eds), The American Development of Biology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 311–346.
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Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (28 October 1867 – 17 April 1941) was a German biologist and philosopher from Bad Kreuznach. He is most noted for his early experimental work in embryology and for his neo-vitalist philosophy of entelechy. He has also been credited with performing the first artificial 'cloning' of an animal in the 1880s, although this claim is dependent on how one defines cloning.
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Many of the pioneer surgeons in the country including Dr. Sadegh Ghazi and Dr. Anwar Shakki received their surgical training from Dr. Motamed. Dr. Motamed is the first Iranian surgeon who conducted a gastrectomy and lumbar sympatectomy in Iran. He held surgical procedures classes in Motamed hospital, prior to which no educational hospital existed in Iran. He taught subjects such as pathology, histology, and embryology.
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There are 24 postgraduate programs, mainly enrolling postgraduates in Physiology, Immunology, Pharmacology, Anatomy, Embryology, Pathology and Pathophysiology, Pathogen Biology, Biochemistry and Molecule Biology, Internal Medicine, Surgery, Gynecology, Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Dentistry, Neurology, Oncology, Traditional and Western Clinic Medicine, Emergency, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Nursing, Anesthesiology, Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Social Medicine and Health Cause Management and Applied Psychology. There are over 740 postgraduates students.
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Admission to the medical schools is based on entrance examination that can be undergone once a year. The program is a 6-year program in general medicine with a strictly preclinical and clinical division. The preclinical years are the two first, and are purely theoretical. They consist of subjects such as cell biology, genetics, biophysics, medical chemistry, anatomy, biochemistry, histology, embryology and so on.
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It was here he discoverered importance of nasal secretion and vitamin supply to improve cultivation of meningococcus samples. On his return to Cambridge at the end of the war, he transferred from the Zoology to the Department of Anatomy where embryology was a relatively new subject to lecture in. After his retirement from this post in 1937, he returned to the Zoology Department to conduct further research.
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Embryology is suggested to have an intimate association with the development of caudal duplication syndrome. At day 15 after fertilisation, the notochord grows from the primitive knot, in which it invaginates and forms the notochord canal within. Progressively, on day 20, the ventral wall of the notochord dissolves, while communications are formed between the amniotic and yolk sac. One such connection is the Kovalevsky’s canal.
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They also relate processes of their "body without organs" to the embryology of an egg, from which they borrow the concept of an inductor.Deleuze and Guattari (1972, 92–93, 100–101). Deleuze and Guattari develop this relation further in the chapter "November 28, 1947: How Do You Make Yourself a Body Without Organs?" in their sequel to Anti-Oedipus, A Thousand Plateaus (1980, 165–184).
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Though not derived from the septum transversum, development of the liver is highly dependent upon signals originating here. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), BMP-4 and BMP-7 produced from the septum transversum join fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals from the cardiac mesoderm induce part of the foregut to differentiate towards a hepatic fate.Carlson, B: Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Mosby, 3rd ed.
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Subsequently, he studied for two years in Germany at Freiburg and Berlin. Returning to Saint Petersburg, he served as professor of histology and embryology from 1903 until 1922. While he could teach and pursue his research after the Russian Revolution he could not arrange himself with living in communist Russia. He fled 1922 with his sister, his wife and his adopted son to the USA.
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A 7.4 x 5.5-cm seminoma in a radical orchiectomy specimen from a 27-year-old man Seminoma is the second-most common testicular cancer; the most common is mixed, which may contain seminoma. Abnormal gonads (due to gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome) have a high risk of developing a dysgerminoma.Sadler, T.W. 2006. Langman's Medical Embryology, 10th Edition, Chapter 15, pp. 251-252.
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Verlinsky was born in Ishim, Tyumen Oblast, Siberia, in the former Soviet Union, one of two sons of Simon Verlinsky and Dora Verlinskaya. His mother was an accountant and his father was a disabled veteran of the Soviet Army. Yury received his Ph.D. in embryology and cytogenetics from Kharkiv University, in the Ukrainian SSR, in 1973. While there, he met his wife Luba, a biologist.
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This Committee was created in 1989, at the XIII International Congress of Anatomists, held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). It followed the old International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (IANC). The professionals involved are renowned professors and researchers with knowledge of medical terminology. They hold periodic meetings in different countries on a rotating basis, where they study morphological terminology: anatomical, histological and embryology of the human being.
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On 24 November 1924 Beard died from a stroke. His legacy, while filled with many accomplishments, remains conflicted. While making strides in embryology and advancing knowledge surrounding cell behavior, Beard's hypothesis regarding the origin of cancer have largely proven to be false. They do, however, point to the many different origins of cancer hypothesized by academics as study of the disease became of increased interest.
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At Liège, Schwann continued to follow the latest advances in anatomy and physiology but did not himself make major new discoveries. He became something of an inventor. One of his projects was a portable respirator, designed as a closed system to support human life in environments where the surroundings cannot be breathed. By 1858 he was serving as professor of physiology, general anatomy and embryology.
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She also spent time as a research fellow at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), studying antibodies and cell division in sea-urchin eggs. From 1954 she was an associate professor at Texas Southern University (TSU) in Houston, becoming a full professor there in 1960 or 1961 until 1970. During the 1950s, she received several grants from the National Science Foundation for embryology studies.
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She was born in Hedgesville, West Virginia, and later graduated from Shepherd College and Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston), where she acted as the Children's Ward's head nurse by the end of her studies. She obtained a Bachelor of Science at Columbia University and subsequently studied vertebrate embryology at the Puget Sound Biological Station and at Kansas State College, where she received a Master of Science in 1927.
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Previously she chaired the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.The Guardian profile: Suzi Leather by Sarah Boseley, The Guardian, 12 May 2006; accessed 15 June 2014. She was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in January 2006. She was appointed to 13 quango posts under the Blair Labour government, and was called the "quango queen" by parts of the press.
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Two years later the University made him the first Bosch Professor of Embryology and Histology and he remained in that role until retiral in 1956. His position as Bosch Professor was filled by Kenneth Wollaston Cleland. In 1930 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Arthur Robinson, Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, James Lorrain Smith and Charles George Lambie.
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In 1828, Karl Ernst von Baer created his laws of embryology, which summarized the results of his comparative embryogenesis studies. In his first law, he proposed that the more general characters of a group appear earlier in their embryos than the more special characters. In 1866, Ernst Haeckel proposed that each developing organism passes through the evolutionary stages of its ancestors, i.e., ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.
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The secondary palate is an anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in many vertebrates. In human embryology, it refers to that portion of the hard palate that is formed by the growth of the two palatine shelves medially and their mutual fusion in the midline. It forms the majority of the adult palate and meets the primary palate at the incisive foramen.
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Edwards was born in Batley, Yorkshire, and attended Manchester Central High School on Whitworth Street in central Manchester, after which he served in the British Army, and then completed his undergraduate studies in biology, graduating with an Ordinary degree at Bangor University. He studied at the Institute of Animal Genetics and Embryology at the University of Edinburgh, where he was awarded a PhD in 1955.
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Richards helped to form the American Home Economics Association, which published a journal, the Journal of Home Economics, and hosted conferences. Home economics departments were formed at many colleges, especially at land grant institutions. In her work at MIT, Ellen Richards also introduced the first biology course in its history as well as the focus area of sanitary engineering. Women also found opportunities in botany and embryology.
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She chairs the Veterinary Medicines Directorate, and is a trustee of the Pension Scheme for the Nursing and Midwifery Council and Associated Employers. She also occasionally trains for Eden and Partners (a health sector leadership and training consultancy). Previously she was a member of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Appeals Committee, the Health Care Professions Council and the Audit Committee of the Nursing and Midwifery Council.
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Specialists in reproductive medicine usually undergo training in obstetrics and gynecology followed by training in reproductive endocrinology and infertility, or in urology followed by training in andrology. For reproductive medicine specialists in contraception, other methods of training are possible. Specialists tend to be organized in specialty organizations such as the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE).
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Lillie was appointed an Assistant Professor at the University of Chicago in 1900. He was named Chairman of the Department of Zoology in 1910 and Dean of the Division of Biological Sciences in 1931. His research there was instrumental in the development of the field of embryology. He identified the influence of potassium on cell differentiation and elucidated the biological mechanisms behind free-martins.
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Gabriel-Madeleine-Camille Dareste de la Chavanne (22 November 1822, in Paris – 1899, in Paris) Camille Dareste (1822-1899) data.bnf.fr was a French zoologist and specialist in experimental embryology. He obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1847 and his doctorate in science in 1851. He worked at the University of Lille, where he was chair to the faculty of natural history from 1864 to 1872.
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He eventually received full professorship in 1978. From 1964 until his retirement in 2003 he was the head of the Department of Embryology, and during two periods (1972-1981; 1987-2003) he was the head of the Institute of Zoology in the Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw. Tarkowski contributed to international science throughout his professional life. He collaborated with many research centers around the world.
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Angelo Ruffini (Pretare of Arquata del Tronto; 1864–1929) was an Italian histologist and embryologist. He studied medicine at the University of Bologna, where beginning in 1894 he taught classes in histology. In 1903 he attained the chair of embryology at the University of Siena. He was the first to describe small encapsulated nerve endings (mechanoreceptors) which were to become known as Ruffini corpuscles.
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There he worked with German biologist Hans Driesch, whose research in the experimental study of development piqued Morgan's interest. Among other projects that year, Morgan completed an experimental study of ctenophore embryology. In Naples and through Loeb, he became familiar with the Entwicklungsmechanik (roughly, "developmental mechanics") school of experimental biology. It was a reaction to the vitalistic Naturphilosophie, which was extremely influential in 19th- century morphology.
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Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is typically regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōion, i.e. "animal" and λόγος, logos, i.e.
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Moore, K. L. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriental Embryology, ninth edition. Saunders. p. 445. . The auricle's functions are to collect sound and transform it into directional and other information. The auricle collects sound and, like a funnel, amplifies the sound and directs it to the auditory canal. The filtering effect of the human pinnae preferentially selects sounds in the frequency range of human speech.
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Mall advocated strongly for the establishment of a specialized embryological institution. In a proposal to the Carnegie Institute for Science, Mall noted the sluggish advancements in anatomy and embryology compared to astronomy. This was despite the greater number of faculty and additional resources present within the biological fields. Mall championed the recruitment of scientific talents and the conducive organization of research institutes to efficiently conduct research.
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Two-photon microscopy has been involved with numerous fields including: physiology, neurobiology, embryology and tissue engineering. Even thin, nearly transparent tissues (such as skin cells) have been visualized with clear detail due to this technique. Two- photon microscopy's high speed imaging capabilities may also be utilized in noninvasive optical biopsy. In cell biology, two-photon microscopy has been aptly used for producing localized chemical reactions.
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Its cause is thought to be due to environmental or genetic factors or a combination. It is associated with chromosome 22 deletions and DiGeorge syndrome. Specific genetic associations include: JAG1, NKX2-5, ZFPM2, VEGF, NOTCH1, TBX1, and FLT4. Embryology studies show that it is a result of anterior malalignment of the aorticopulmonary septum, resulting in the clinical combination of a VSD, pulmonary stenosis, and an overriding aorta.
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In: Die Zeit No. 36, September 1. 2005, p. 36 In 2005, he served as a Visiting Professor to the University of Kragujevac in Serbia and Montenegro. Later in the year, he became Chair in Embryology and Stem Cell Biology at the University of Newcastle, and in 2006, Deputy Director and Head of the Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory at the Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe in Valencia, Spain.
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There are six comprehensive teaching laboratories at university level -- Morphology, Function, Chemicoanalysis, Clinical Skills, Computer and Human Anatomy -- and 16 specialty laboratories like Gene and Histology Engineering, Dentistry, and Nursing which are equipped with advanced Imaging PACS System, Digital Network Interactive Laboratory Teaching System, BL-410 Biological Function Experiment System, and so on. The Experimental Center of Basic Medicine is an experimental and teaching demonstration center for universities in Shandong Province. Anatomy, Medical Ethics, Pathology, Physiology, Histology and Embryology, Pharmacology and Medical Imaging are assessed as the excellent subjects at provincial level. WFMU has undertaken 90 teaching and research projects at provincial level or above and has been awarded 24 prizes in teaching, experiment and research since 2004. WFMU has one discipline which offers post for “Taishan Scholars”, seven key provincial academic disciplines and laboratories, including Anatomy and Histological Embryology, Surgery, Medical Radiology, Ophthalmology, Immunology, Applied Pharmacology, Dental medicine.
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McLaren's work often took her outside the University. She was a member of the committee established to inquire into the technologies of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryology, which later produced the Warnock Report. She was a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 1991–2000. In 2004 McLaren was one of the co-founders of the Frozen Ark project, along with husband and wife Bryan and Ann Clarke.
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As the survivors of the Terra Nova returned to England several years later, recapitulation theory had begun to be discredited. Cherry-Garrard turned over the egg specimens to embryologists at London's Natural History Museum, who were largely uninterested in the donation. Cherry-Garrard describes how he was told that the retrieved eggs had not added much to their knowledge of penguin embryology, nor to scientific knowledge as a whole.
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The authors used their knowledge of German to stay in touch with the latest discoveries, which were often published in German during this period. Beaunis wrote the sections on osteology, articulations, myology, viscera, senses, the human body in general, and embryology. Bouchard wrote the sections on angiology and neurology. In 1870 and 1871, Beaunis underwent the Franco-Prussian War which led to the French side losing a part of Alsace-Lorraine.
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George Allen & Unwin, London, p. 50. In 1905 Huxley won a scholarship in Zoology to Balliol College, Oxford and took up the place in 1906 after spending the summer in Germany. He developed a particular interest in embryology and protozoa and developed a friendship with the ornithologist William Warde Fowler. In the autumn term of his final year, 1908, his mother died from cancer at the age of 46.
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The Coelomate Bilateria. Volume IV. This group is now known as the deuterostomes. Her theory was based upon the morphological data of classical embryology, and has since been confirmed by molecular sequence analysis. In addition to her major project, Hyman extensively revised A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy in 1942 into a textbook as well as laboratory manual; she referred to it as her "bread and butter" for its income.
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In 1929 he was appointed assistant in Anatomy "secretary second class" and an unpaid assistant in the Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, while working to maintaine himself. In 1934 he received his degree with a grade of "Excellent" and in 1939 submitted his doctoral thesis entitled "Contribution to the study of human renal artery (after own observations)", so was acclaimed Doctor of Medicine from the University of Athens, with "Excellent".
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Savvas offered a premium educational project to prospective physicians on the Science of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology human both theoretical and laboratory level. He has published and research work. During the tenure of Professor Al. Savva occurred transportation Anatomy of the historic building of the road Katsimidou to the new buildings of the Medical School campus thus fulfilling the dream of Professor for a modern and well-equipped Anatomy.
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He was also a member of the Ecology and Toxicology Centre and the European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) in Brussels. In recent years he co-operated with the Institute of Social, Occupational and Environmental Medicine at the Gutenberg University, as well as with the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Medical University of Łódź in order to continue and to publish his works on carcinogenic aromatic amines.
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Ruth Baroness Deech Ruth Lynn Deech, Baroness Deech, DBE (née Fraenkel; born 29 April 1943) is a British academic, lawyer, bioethicist and politician, most noted for chairing the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), from 1994 to 2002, and as the former Principal of St Anne's College, Oxford. Deech sits as a Crossbench peer in the House of Lords (2005–) and chaired the Bar Standards Board (2009–2014).
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Through his writing of Historia Animalium, he introduced some of the earliest studies of embryology based on his observations of the chicken in the egg. Aristotle recognized significant similarities between human and chicken development. From his studies of the developing chick, he was able to correctly decipher the role of the placenta and umbilical cord in the human. Chick research of the 16th century significantly modernized ideas about human physiology.
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In 1940, after the American marine biologist W. W. Newby had studied the embryology and development of Urechis caupo, he raised the group to phylum status. They are now universally considered to represent derived annelid worms; as such, their ancestors were segmented worms but echiurans have secondarily lost their segmentation. Their presumed sister group is the Capitellidae. Having no hard parts, these worms are seldom found as fossils.
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Most of the changes are in genetic control, not in proteins. : 11. Endless Forms Most Beautiful ::: Carroll concludes by revisiting Darwin's Origin of Species, starting with how Darwin evolved the final paragraph of his book, leaving only these four words "completely untouched throughout all versions and editions". He shows that evo-devo is a cornerstone of a synthesis of evolution, genetics, and embryology, replacing the "Modern synthesis" of 20th century biology.
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Alexander Alexandrowitsch Maximow (; – December 4, 1928) was a Russian- American scientist in the fields of Histology and Embryology whose team developed the hypothesis about the existence of "polyblasts". Maximow is renowned for his experimental work on the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis: all blood cells develop from a common precursor cell.Biography of Alexander A. Maximow The University of Chicago Library Maximow served as a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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Van Wagenen and Morris reported their successes with monkeys and with women, respectively, at the 1966 annual meeting of the American Fertility Society. Her monographs included Embryology of the Ovary and Testis in Homo sapiens and Macaca mulatta (Yale University Press 1965), and Postnatal Development of the Ovary in Homo sapiens and Macaca mulatta and Induction of Ovulation in the Macaque (Yale University Press 1973, co-authored with Miriam E. Simpson).
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Mitrates are thought to have formed their tail from the proximal part of the cornute tail, with the distal part atomised, and evolving new appendages. The left hand side in this scheme would be cognate with the Pterobranch left-hand side, with the right hand side a novel feature. This would explain the bizarre embryology of Amphioxus, a basal cephalochordate widely held to be the prime example of a chordate bauplan.
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Her research included heredity in insects, embryology of birds, and behavior of salamanders. In 1904, Hubbard researched and co-wrote an article on pecten and varying pecten ray length. After her research on pecten, Hubbard encountered an issue when a fire in 1914 at Wellesley College, where her 20 years of research on beetles was destroyed. She retired from Wellesley College in 1937 and died February 24, 1956.
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Rainer in his lab, with a specimen of cervical vertebrae (1926) In 1920, Rainer was employed by the new anatomy and embryology department set up at Bucharest University. Afflicted by deafness, attributed to his long-term exposure to formaldehyde, he continued to work at the same pace, but was noticeably withdrawn from public life.Riga & Călin, pp.19–20 The anatomy section existed only in name when Rainer took over.
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1900 During that period, Rainer made two visits to Germany. The first, in 1906, involved work at Berlin's Frederick William University in the laboratories of Fedor Krause and Oscar Hertwig, as well as a study of embryology and comparative anatomy. His animal experiments there were primarily focused on the ossification process. At the anatomical institute led by Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer, he analyzed the brains of individuals belonging to different races.
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In human embryology, the primary interventricular foramen is a temporary opening between the developing ventricles of the heart. The ventricles arise as a single cavity that is divided by the developing interventricular septum. Before the septum closes completely, the remaining opening between the two ventricles is termed the interventricular foramen. In some individuals, the foramen fails to close, leading to an interventricular septal defect known as a patent interventricular foramen.
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Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Skrifter Naturskyddsarenden Handlingar, 43: 1-64. Rosenberg's writings dealt mainly in cytology and plant embryology and he became very prominent in these fields. In 1917 he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and, in 1925, a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Rosenberg became a Commander of the Order of the Polar Star, November 22, 1932.
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Alberta Seaton specialized in embryology, studying biological processes in the eggs of several species across her career, including early studies in morphogenesis. Born in Houston, she became a longterm professor of biology at Texas Southern University (TSU), where she also served as first chair of the Faculty Assembly and director of freshman studies. Seaton had two children, born in Kenya and Tanganyika. She died in Houston in 2014.
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Oppenheimer's work in the field included Essays in the History of Embryology and Biology (1967), which focused largely on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but ventured as far back as the sixteenth. She also wrote biographical studies of Karl E. von Baer, Curt Herbst, and Ross Harrison. Her areas of particular interest included the relationship of embryological data to evolutionary theory and early physiological and surgical discoveries.McPherson, 290.
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She also completed training in primary and science teaching at Aberdeen Teachers' Training College. In 1923 she was awarded the Kilgour Research Scholarship and studied alcyonaria. She then took up postgraduate research scholarship at Imperial College which lead to her PhD in the embryology of end echinoderms. She continued her research into echinoderms in the United States at both the Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University and Yale University.
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Disse studied at the University of Erlangen, and after graduation became an assistant to anatomist Heinrich von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836-1921) at Strassburg. From 1880 to 1888 he was an instructor at the University of Tokyo, and afterwards became an associate professor at the University of Göttingen. From 1895 to 1912 he was a professor at the University of Marburg. He specialized in the fields of microscopic anatomy, embryology and histology.
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The 19th century saw developmental in descriptive embryology where abnormalities were now considered as malformations or errors during a developmental process giving rise to the concept of teratogenesis. By the 20th century, the concept of epigenesis the interaction between a genetic program and environment was established and in the second half of the 20th century researchers had evidence that environmental factors can cause malformations and even trans-generational effects.
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Gurwitch was the son of a Jewish provincial lawyer: his family was artistic and intellectual and he decided to study medicine only after failing to gain a place studying painting. After research in the laboratory of Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer he began to specialise in embryology, publishing his first paper, on the biochemistry of gastrulation, in 1895. He graduated from Munich University in 1897, having studied under A.A. Boehm.
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Robert Heinrich Johannes Sobotta (31 January 1869, in Berlin - 20 April 1945, in Bonn) was a German anatomist. He studied medicine in Berlin, where he subsequently worked as a second assistant at the institute of anatomy. From 1895 he served as prosector at the institute for comparative anatomy, embryology and histology at Würzburg. In 1903 he became an associate professor and in 1912 a full professor of topographical anatomy.
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Sydney John Hickson (25 June 1859 – 6 February 1940), FRS, was a British zoologist known for his groundbreaking research in evolution, embryology, genetics, and systematics. Hickson travelled in the Malay archipelago in 1885–1886. He was appointed Professor of Zoology at the University of Manchester in 1894 and was elected FRS in 1895. The Manchester Museum has many specimens of coral that came from Sydney Hickson, a specialist on corals.
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Embryology was still a relatively new field when Lillie began his studies. In 1901, Lillie published his first major work on the subject. After exposing eggs to abnormal concentrations of potassium, Lillie noted that unsegmented eggs underwent cellular differentiation in the absence of mitosis. In 1919, Lillie summarized his findings to that point in Problems of Fertilization, where he concluded that fertilization was a series of timed and irreversible events.
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Gertrude and Charles did work on heredity which included studying eye, hair, and skin color of humans. She also did research on embryology using turtles, studied the differences between Sargatia (a type of sea anemone) and starfish as well the variations on other organisms. She encouraged her husband to continue working on Sir Francis Galton’s work on eugenics using Mendelian genetics. Together they worked on eugenics to breed better humans.
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Balinsky was a full university professor and the deputy director of the Institute of Biology in Kyiv at 28 years of age. He became a recognized expert in fish and amphibian development. Being victim of Soviet repressions, he remained under German occupation during World War II and fled to Posnan, Poland and later Munich, Germany. Balinsky briefly worked in Scotland in Conrad Hal Waddington's laboratory on mice embryology.
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In 1956 she moved from Zagreb to Ljubljana, where she worked at the oncological hospital. After four years she moved with her husband, Tvrtko Švob, to Sarajevo, where she worked at the Faculty of Medicine as an assistant in the field of histology and embryology. In 1964 she finished her doctoral thesis. From 1964 until 1979 Švob worked at the Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases where she establish histopathological laboratory.
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Professor Bernadette Modell (born 1 August 1935 in London) is a British geneticist, specialising in the study of thalassaemia. Modell attended a convent school, and then graduated in zoology, with genetics and embryology from the University of Oxford, in 1955. She then undertook a doctorate in developmental biology at Cambridge University, qualifying in 1959. She next studied medicine at Cambridge and at University College Hospital, qualifying in 1964.
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Pharyngeal arches are formed during the fourth week. Each arch consists of a mesenchymal tissue covered on the outside by ectoderm and on the inside by epithelium of endodermal origin. In human embryology, there are six arches which are separated by pharyngeal grooves externally and pharyngeal pouches internally. These arches contribute to the physical appearance of the embryo because they are the main components that build the face and neck.
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She was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the Department of Embryology from 1980-1982. She joined the faculty at University of Georgia (UGA) in 1983 as an assistant professor of botany becoming a full professor in 1992. She was named Distinguished Research Professor in 1994 and Regents Professor in 2005. In 2006, Professor Wessler was named a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Professor.
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The first license was granted on August 11, 2004 to researchers at the University of Newcastle to allow them to investigate treatments for diabetes, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, a major review of fertility legislation, repealed the 2001 Cloning Act by making amendments of similar effect to the 1990 Act. The 2008 Act also allows experiments on hybrid human- animal embryos.
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LaDema Mary Langdon (5 January 1893 – April 1977) was an American botanist known for her work on floral anatomy, taxonomy, embryology, and morphology of Juglandaceae, Fagaceae. Cycas, and Dioon spinulosum. She was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was a professor at Baltimore Junior College and Goucher College. She earned her bachelor's degree from Oberlin College and her graduate degrees from the University of Chicago.
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He joined the National Institute of Health in 1987, working firstly with Gary Felsenfeld in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases). In 1990 he was appointed Chief of the newly founded Laboratory of Molecular Embryology (LME). He left NIH and moved to the biotechnology firm Sangamo BioSciences Inc. in Richmond, California, in 2000, as Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer.
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Lewis and her husband helped develop and put into practice the first experimental systems for observing and understanding somatic cell physiology in complex organisms, which demonstrated that the behavior of these autonomous cells had a significant relationship to the development, infection, immunity, physiology and development of cancer for the organism. As a result, their work served to establish the importance of cellular behavior. As a result, this couple’s greatest impact on embryology and cell biology in the twentieth century was teaching later generations of biologists the basic factors involved in tissue culture based on what they had learned from their research. The Lewises saw a place for the findings on the cell related to embryology as well, and expressed this perspective to the president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington when they wrote to him that knowing the extent of a cell’s permanent individuality must be determined before it is possible to understand how they cooperate and are integrated into a tissue.
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He later returned to the Institute of Comparative Anatomy as an assistant to Aleksey Cevertsov, a founder of animal evolutionary morphology. From there he returned to academia, passing his master’s examinations in 1914 and serving as an assistant professor at the now-renamed Moscow State University (MSU) starting in 1919. From 1922 to 1925 he was a senior researcher at the hydrobiological station at Deep Lake (Moscow Oblast), and from 1924 to 1937 was head of the Subdepartment of Developmental Mechanics at the People’s Commissariat of Health’s Institute of Experimental Biology (later the Institute of Cytology, Histology and Embryology of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union). From 1931 to 1941 Dmitriy Filatov headed the Department of Embryonic Morphology Mechanics at MSU’s Institute of Experimental Morphology, and from 1936 was a full professor at the university. He became head of Moscow State University’s Subdepartment of Embryology in 1940, the first such department in the country.
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Building on this work he undertook a four-year investigation of the embryology of the symphylan hanseniella agailis, followed by a three study of the embryology of pauropus silvaticus. He showed contrary to expectation that the progoneate genital ducts did not arise as is usual from coelomoducts in the embryo, but secondarily as epidermal ingrowths late in larval life, the progoneate form was merely a secondary adaptation to the anamorphic mode of growth of some myriapods by which new segments become added to the posterior end of the growing larva. Oscar Tiegs thus showed that the characteristic of being opisthogoneate, that is with posterior genital openings, and the characteristic of progoneate, that is with the genital opening differently placed, anteriorly, are not dichotomous, and thus reduced the significance of the until then corresponding major classificatory zoological division. He proposed a new classification scheme based on head structure, this being supported by later work by others regarding antennal muscles, and locomotive behaviour and machinery in the relevant animals.
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She was born 1 September 1923 in Hampstead, London. Her father; David M. S. Watson FRS was a vertebrate palaeontologist and a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of London. Her mother; Katharine M. Parker, did research in embryology prior to marriage. Janet Watson grew up alongside her sister, Katharine Mary in South Hampstead where she attended South Hampstead High School, which was known for being specialised in teaching science.
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Later, she went on to attend Johns Hopkins School of Medicine which is where she first began to perform research under Florence Rena Sabin. Andersen's first two research papers were on the lymphatic and blood vessels in the reproductive organs of female pigs. Both of these papers were published in Contributions to Embryology. Once she graduated from Johns Hopkins, Andersen served as a teaching assistant in anatomy at the Rochester School of Medicine.
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Brain Structure and Function is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on brain structure-function relationships. It was established in 1891 as Anatomische Hefte, renamed first Zeitschrift für Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte in 1921 and then Anatomy and Embryology in 1974, before obtaining its current name in 2007. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the editors-in-chief are Laszlo Zaborszky (Rutgers University) and Karl Zilles (Forschungszentrum Jülich).
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He became a lecturer in Histology and Embryology at the RVC in 1935. For the duration of World War II, the Royal Veterinary College was moved to the campus of the University of Reading. During this period, Amoroso collaborated with several other reproductive biologists. He was a founder member, in 1946, of the Society for Endocrinology; he would go on to become its Treasurer in 1956 and eventually Chairman from 1961 to 1966.
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New Fathers 4 Justice (NF4J) is a fathers' rights group. It was founded in September 2008 by activists, who were left awaiting trial when Fathers 4 Justice was shut down by Matt O'Connor. The first protest was held on 19 September 2008 in Bristol, at the constituency office of Labour MP and Health Minister Dawn Primarolo. The protest was motivated by Primarolo's support of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 2008.
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to zoology: Zoology - study of animals. Zoology, or "animal biology", is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the identification, structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōon, i.e. "animal" and λόγος, logos, i.e.
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EpigenesisAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary: It is also worth quoting this adumbration of the definition given there (viz., "The formation of an organic germ as a new product"): (or neoformism),Callebaut, Marc, 2008: Historical evolution of preformistic versus neoformistic epigenetic thinking in embryology. Belgian Journal of Zoology 138(1): 20-35. then, in this context, is the denial of preformationism: the idea that, in some sense, the form of living things comes into existence.
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Candling an egg Candling is a method used in embryology to study the growth and development of an embryo inside an egg. The method uses a bright light source behind the egg to show details through the shell, and is so called because the original sources of light used were candles. The technique of using light to examine eggs is used in the egg industry to assess the quality of edible eggs.
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Another important piece of evidence is from detailed phylogenetic trees (i.e., "genealogic trees" of species) mapping out the proposed divisions and common ancestors of all living species. In 2010, Douglas L. Theobald published a statistical analysis of available genetic data, mapping them to phylogenetic trees, that gave "strong quantitative support, by a formal test, for the unity of life." Traditionally, these trees have been built using morphological methods, such as appearance, embryology, etc.
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The decidual plate is tightly attached to the chorion frondosum and goes on to form the actual placenta. Endometrium on the opposite side to the decidua basalis is the decidua parietalis. This fuses with the chorion laevae, thus filling up the uterine cavity.T.W. Sadler, Langman's Medical Embryology, 11th edition, Lippincott & Wilkins In the case of twins, dichorionic placentation refers to the presence of two placentas (in all dizygotic and some monozygotic twins).
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In 1952 Patterson published, with coauthor Wilson S. Stone, his greatest work, entitled Evolution in the Genus Drosophila detailing geographic isolation's role in genetics. In 1954 he was elected President of the Genetics Society of America. He was very active in his research, publishing a total of 122 papers between the years of 1907 and 1954. Mostly in embryology and generics, with a few dealing with the topics of local fauna and Indian artifacts.
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On the departure of Georges Louis Duvernoy to Paris, Lereboullet took the opportunity to occupy the chair of zoology and comparative anatomy at the faculty of science in Strasbourg. Lereboullet was dean of the Faculty of Sciences and professor of zoology at the University of Strasbourg, as well as the director of ' (the city's natural history museum). His zoological studies included works on the genitals of vertebrates, foie gras, comparative embryology of fish and carcinology.
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Embryonic tissue is made up of actively growing cells and the term is normally used to describe the early formation of tissue in the first stages of growth. It can refer to different stages of the sporophyte and gametophyte plant; including the growth of embryos in seedlings, and to meristematic tissues,Pandey, Brahma Prakash. 2005. Textbook of botany angiosperms: taxonomy, anatomy, embryology (including tissue culture) and economic botany. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company.
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Gleicher is a member of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, among other institutions related to reproductive health and general medicine. As a speaker, Gleicher has lectured at major events worldwide. In 2009, he was commissioned to deliver the Patrick Steptoe Memorial Lecture in honour of the prominent British obstetrician and gynecologist before the British Fertility Society.
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In medicine or biology, a diverticulum is an outpouching of a hollow (or a fluid-filled) structure in the body. Depending upon which layers of the structure are involved, diverticula are described as being either true or false. In medicine, the term usually implies the structure is not normally present. However, in embryology the term is used for some normal structures arising from others, as for instance the thyroid diverticulum, which arises from the tongue.
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Following his graduation from Dunbar High School in 1921, Cobb earned his Bachelor of Arts from Amherst College in 1925. Following completion of his baccalaureate degree, he received a Blodgett Scholarship for proficiency in biology which allowed him to pursue research in embryology at Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratory. He earned his MD (Doctor of Medicine) in 1929 from the Howard University Medical School. He worked jobs throughout his time in medical school.
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Due to its proximity to the Baltic Sea, several forest lakes, the Gauja and annual fishermen and craftsmanship fairs, nowadays Carnikava is a popular summer resort among visitors from Riga. A notable symbol and long-time specialty of Carnikava has been grilled lamprey, which is also pictured on the coat of arms of the municipality. Heinz Christian Pander (1794-1865), researcher of biology, embryology and paleontology, lived and worked in Carnikava in his estate.
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Endocardial cushions, or atrioventricular cushions, refer to a subset of cells in the development of the heart that play a vital role in the proper formation of the heart septa. They develop on the atrioventricular canal and conotruncal region of the bulbus cordis.Langman's Medical Embryology During heart development, the heart starts out as a tube. As heart development continues this tube undergoes conformational changes and remodeling to eventually form the four-chambered heart.
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Between his studies in Bonn, Harrison taught morphology at Bryn Mawr College with T. H. Morgan from 1894-1895. He was an instructor at Johns Hopkins University from 1896-1897 and became an associate at the university from 1897-1899. From 1899 until 1907, he was the Associate Professor of Anatomy, teaching histology and embryology. By this time he had contributed more than twenty papers and made the acquaintance of many leading biologists.
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From 2000–02, she was first deputy chair of the Food Standards Agency. From March 2002 – July 2006, she was chair of Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. She joined the board of the United Kingdom Accreditation Service in 2006 (a political recommendation from the Downing Street office of then Prime Minister Tony Blair) to improve their quality standards regulation. From May 2005 – July 2006, she was chair of the School Food Trust.
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The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles (amniotes). It develops from an outer fold on the surface of the yolk sac, which lies outside the zona pellucida (in mammals), known as the vitelline membrane in other animals. In insects it is developed by the follicle cells while the egg is in the ovary.Chapman, R.F. (1998) "The insects: structure and function", Section The egg and embryology.
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The Darwinian Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Embryology theories of Ernst Haeckel and Karl Ernst von Baer compared Haeckel advanced a version of the earlier recapitulation theory previously set out by Étienne Serres in the 1820s and supported by followers of Étienne Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire including Robert Edmond Grant. It proposed a link between ontogeny (development of form) and phylogeny (evolutionary descent), summed up by Haeckel in the phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny".
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By the time they are born, infants can recognize and have a preference for their mother's voice suggesting some prenatal development of auditory perception. Prenatal development and birth complications may also be connected to neurodevelopmental disorders, for example in schizophrenia. With the advent of cognitive neuroscience, embryology and the neuroscience of prenatal development is of increasing interest to developmental psychology research. Several environmental agents—teratogens—can cause damage during the prenatal period.
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In addition to his research achievements, Maheshwari was an educator and publisher. He taught Botany at the University of Delhi, establishing that department as a globally important center of research in embryology and tissue culture. Maheshwari founded the scientific journal Phytomorphology, for which he served as chief editor until his death in 1966; and the more popular magazine Botanica. He also published texts to improve the standard of teaching life sciences in the schools.
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She became chair of the Human Tissue Authority in 2005. She was a Trustee of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2002–2006) and of the Tropical Health and Education Trust (2005–2006). She was a member of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in 2005–2006. She was a member of the Lords Select Committee on the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill, 2004–2005, and of the Lords Constitution Committee, 2005–2006.
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Trounson graduated from the University of New South Wales in 1971 with a Master of Science in Wool and Pastoral Sciences. In 1974 he was awarded his PhD in animal embryology by the University of Sydney. Between 1971 and 1976 Trounson was the Dalgety Research Fellow at the Australian Research Council Institute of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry at Cambridge University. Returning to Australia in 1977, he was appointed Senior Research Fellow at Monash University.
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William A. Wimsatt (born July 28, 1917 – died, January 9, 1985) was professor of Zoology and Chairman of the Department of Zoology at Cornell University. From 1945 until 1960, Wimsatt taught courses in histology and embryology in the College of Arts and Sciences and also in the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine. He was well known for his pioneering research on the interrelationships of hibernation and reproduction and the biology of bats.
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This view is supported by how the tension-compression interactions of tensegrity minimize material needed to maintain stability and achieve structural resiliency. Therefore, natural selection pressures would likely favor biological systems organized in a tensegrity manner. As Ingber explains: In embryology, Richard Gordon proposed that Embryonic differentiation waves are propagated by an 'organelle of differentiation'Gordon, N.K. and Gordon, R. The organelle of differentiation in embryos: the cell state splitter [invited review.] Theor. Biol. Med. Model.
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Frank Rattray Lillie (June 27, 1870November 5, 1947) was an American zoologist and an early pioneer of the study of embryology. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Lillie moved to the United States in 1891 to study for a summer at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Lillie formed a lifelong association with the laboratory, eventually rising to become its director in 1908. His efforts developed the MBL into a full-time institution.
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2003: Genetic Interest Group lobbied the Department of Health for more investment in rare disease research. There was a successful outcome in the White Paper on genetics on 24 June 2003, with £3 million earmarked to fund research into rare diseases. 2008: The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 passed. Genetic Alliance UK's lobbying work influenced the law on a number of issues including preimplantation genetic testing, saviour siblings and human-animal hybrid embryos.
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Paul Albert Ancel (21 September 1873 – 27 January 1961) was a French professor of medicine who worked on cytology, physiology, and embryology. He studied endocrine functions of the Leydig cells of the testes along with Paul Bouin. Ancel was born in Nancy from where he received a degree in medicine in 1899. He received a doctor of science in 1903 with a thesis on the hermaphroditic gonad of the snail Helix pomatia.
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He published four books on mouse embryology and three books on historical aspects of military surgery. He also published a book on Medical Teaching in Edinburgh during the 18th and 19th centuries, a book on the History of the Edinburgh Phrenological Society and biographies of Dr. John Barclay and Mr. Robert Liston. He also published about 240 papers on a wide range of embryological and medical historical topics. He was awarded the F.R.S. Edin.
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It has long striated ducts and short intercalated ducts.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 135 The secretory acinar cells of the submandibular gland have distinct functions. The mucous cells are the most active and therefore the major product of the submandibular glands is saliva which is mucoid in nature. Mucous cells secrete mucin which aids in the lubrication of the food bolus as it travels through the esophagus.
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Gertrude Crotty Davenport (1866–1946), was an American zoologist who worked as both a researcher and an instructor at established research centers such as the University of Kansas and the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory where she studied embryology, development, and heredity. The wife of Charles Benedict Davenport, a prominent eugenicist, she co-authored several works with her husband. Together, they were highly influential in the United States eugenics movement during the progressive era.
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Charles Otis Whitman (December 6, 1842 – December 14, 1910) was an American zoologist, who was influential to the founding of classical ethology (study of animal behavior).Danchin. Behavioural Ecology. pp.16 A dedicated educator who preferred to teach a few research students at a time, he made major contributions in the areas of evolution and embryology of worms, comparative anatomy, heredity, and animal behaviour. He was known as the "Father of Zoology" in Japan.
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6), Stachycarpus Endl. and Sundacarpus J.Buchholz and N.E.Gray. Studies of embryology, gametophyte development, female cone structure, and cytology led to the belief that the eight categories probably deserved generic status. Researchers agreed on the need to recognize "fairly natural groupings which prove to have good geographic and probably evolutionary cohesion" and took the necessary steps to raise each section to generic status.Barker, N. P.; Muller, E. M.; and Mill, R. R. (2004).
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While being Dean at Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Dr. Noyes introduced the "Vertical Curriculum" for dental students. He allowed first-year dental students to construct full dentures and participate in exercise of tooth morphology. This made a profound impact in dental education, as this curriculum was widely accepted and implemented in other dental schools. He also co-authored a textbook with his father, Oral Histology and Embryology with Laboratory Directions.
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From 2004 to 2007, Jackson was Professor of Medical Law at Queen Mary, University of London. She was appointed Professor of Law at the London School of Economics in 2007 and Head of the Law Department in 2012. Jackson has held a number of appointments outside of her university work. From 2003 to 2012, she was a member of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority; she served as its deputy chair from 2008 to 2012.
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More recently, embryological evidence, specifically the development of the anther tapetum, substantiated the close relationship of the two genera, but nested them within the tribe Cryptocareae.Kimoto Y, Utami N, Tobe H. 2006. Embryology of Eusideroxylon (Cryptocaryeae, Lauraceae) and character evolution in the family. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 187-201 Ultimately, the exact phylogeny of Cassytha is still in dispute; however, its non-basal placement within the Lauraceae is undoubtedly accurate.
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In 1992, Dasso brought her UCSD cell cycle projects to the National Institutes of Health as a staff scientist in Alan Wolffe's laboratory of molecular embryology at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). She studied how RCC1 interacted with chromatin. In 1994, she became a tenure-track investigator in 1994 and received tenure in 2000. She is a senior investigator in the section on cell cycle regulation.
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The following year, he transferred to the equivalent section of the University of Paris, from which he graduated. From 1875 to 1877, he worked in the embryology laboratory at the Collège de France. He returned home during the Romanian War of Independence, joining the ambulance service and caring for wounded soldiers. Assaky subsequently went back to France to continue his studies, and in 1879 finished first at an examination for Parisian interns.
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Naef also found that cephalopod embryology and paleontology were quite amenable to study. Although Naef professed no "special interest" in cephalopods, his work significantly advanced scientific knowledge of the group and he maintained a connection to cephalopod studies throughout his career. He described dozens of new species, genera and families—both living and fossil—and created the first chart of cephalopod embryonic stages, which is still in use today. Naef's hypotheses about cephalopod evolution continue to inform contemporary research.
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Retrieved 28 September 2011. Roberts spent seven years working part-time on her PhD in paleopathology, the study of disease in ancient human remains, receiving the degree in 2008. She was a senior teaching fellow at the University of Bristol Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, where her main roles were teaching clinical anatomy, embryology and physical anthropology, as well as researching osteoarchaeology and paleopathology. She stated in 2009 that she was working towards becoming a professor of anatomy.
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In July 1982 the Warnock Committee Inquiry was established. It was "to consider recent and potential developments in medicine and science related to human fertilisation and embryology; to consider what policies and safeguards should be applied, including consideration of the social, ethical, and legal implications of these developments; and to make recommendations." The Warnock Report was published on 18 July 1984. The report stated that a regulator was needed due to the 'special status' of embryos.
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Mackay started his academic career as a student at the University of Glasgow. In 1881 he graduated with a MB CM and four years later was awarded an MD. He also served as assistant to Professor John Cleland, who held the chair of anatomy. He was then appointed lecturer in embryology at Glasgow, holding that position until 1894. In 1888 a report he wrote on 'The development of the branchial arches in birds’ was published in Philosophical Transactions.
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Mathilde Margarethe Lange (born March 14, 1888) was an American biologist known for her research in experimental embryology. Though a native of New York City, she attended the University of Zurich and earned her Ph.D. in 1920. She was employed by the United States Department of Agriculture for the first year following her Ph.D. as a researcher. Lange then moved to Wheaton College, Massachusetts as a professor of zoology, where she remained until her retirement in 1950.
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Lancelets became famous in the 1860s when Ernst Haeckel ("the German Darwin") began promoting them as a model for the ancestor of all vertebrates. By 1900 lancelets had become a model organism. By the mid-20th century they had fallen out of favor for a variety of reasons, including a decline of comparative anatomy and embryology, and due to the belief that lancelets were more derived than they appeared, e.g., the profound asymmetry in the larval stage.
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He worked as a professor in Tartu (Dorpat) for 25 years and also started the anatomy collection of the University of Tartu. In his studies involving the embryonic development of birds and mammals, Rauber is credited with combining comparative embryology and histology with phylogenetic analysis. The eponymous "Rauber's layer" bears his name, being defined as a trophoblastic membrane over the embryonic disk in developing animals.Mondofacto Dictionary Definition of eponym He is buried to the Uus-Jaani cemetery in Tartu.
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Yanagimachi was born in Ebetsu and raised in Sapporo, Japan.Ryuzo Yanagimachi - Encyclopædia Britannica He received a BS in zoology in 1952 and a DSc in animal embryology in 1960 both from Hokkaido University. He then taught a high school a year and a junior college for another year because he could not find a research position. Yanagimachi applied for a post-doctoral position with Dr. M. C. Chang of the Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts.
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Aristotle was the earliest person in recorded history to study embryos. Observing embryos of different species, he described how animals born in eggs (oviparously) and by live birth (viviparously) developed differently. He discovered there were two main ways the egg cell divided: holoblasticly, where the whole egg divided and became the creature; and meroblasticly, where only part of the egg became the creature. Further advances in comparative embryology did not come until the invention of the microscope.
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Balbiani is known for his work in microbiology as well as his studies in embryology. He is credited with the discovery of sexual organ development in Chironomus which eventually led to the general theory on the autonomy of the germ cell. Also, he conducted comprehensive biological research on the sexual habits of Phylloxera vastatrix. Science, Vine and Wine in Modern France by Harry W. Paul With anatomist Louis-Antoine Ranvier (1835-1922), he founded the Archives d'anatomie microscopique.
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The foregut develops from a cranial region of endoderm created after the initial cephalocaudal folding of the embryo. Starting at the stomodeum, a rapid expansion of the primitive gut forms the esophagus, from which the respiratory bud branches off.Sadler, T.W, (2011) Langman’s Medical Embryology (12th edition), LWW, Baltimore, MD During early foregut development, the esophagus lengthens considerably, reaching its proportional postnatal size. Simultaneously, the stomach begins to expand in width dorsally and ventrally in an asymmetric manner.
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Afterwards, he received his doctorate in sciences from the University of Zürich, where in 1905, he became an associate professor. From 1909 to 1945 he was a professor of general botany at Zürich, being chosen university rector in 1928.Ernst, Alfred Historischen Lexikon der Schweiz His primary research dealt with the propagation of algae, the embryology of flowering plants and heterostyly in Primula species. In 1905/06 and 1930/31 he was involved in botanical investigations in Java.
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Comments on Barbieri's work pp. 58-62 In 1965, he was employed by the Medical Faculty of the same University as a researcher in molecular biology and teacher of biophysics for medical students. He conducted research at the Medical Research Council in Cambridge, the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, and the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Berlin. Since 1992 he is professor of embryology at the Medical Faculty of Ferrara University.
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Full-coverage crowns are sometimes being used to compensate for the abraded enamel in adults, tackling the sensitivity the patient experiences. Usually stainless steel crowns are used in children which may be replaced by porcelain once they reach adulthood.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 64 These aid with maintaining occlusal vertical dimension. Aesthetics may be addressed via placement of composite or porcelain veneers, depending on patient factors e.g. age.
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He studied at Charles University in Prague followed by studies in embryology and histology at Berlin. He published a monograph on the Thysanoptera in 1895. In 1905 he was made a special member of the Royal Czech Academy. Uzel worked briefly at the State Botanical Garden in Peradenia, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) followed by work on plant pathology at the sugar beet production research station in Prague and as a professor at the Czech Technical College from 1920.
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His favourite medium was charcoal and ink. Wolf became treasurer to a fund for German widows during the Franco- Prussian War (War of 1870.) After the war, he met Daniel Giraud Elliot in Paris and visited a battlefield. He rendered the image in a design called "Peace and War" with turtle doves on a bush over a soldier's helmet. He also produces some cartoon like illustrations including "Lecture on Embryology" in which he taunts certain men of science.
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In the development of vertebrate animals, during the 6th Carnegie stage, the proximal part of the notochordal canal persists temporarily as the neurenteric canal (also known as the "axial canal"), which forms a transitory communication between the amniotic sac and the yolk sac cavities. The neurenteric canal is thought to play a role in the maintenance and adjustment of pressure between the amniotic sac and the yolk sac.Drew, Ulrich, Color Atlas of Embryology, p. 64, Thieme Press 1995, .
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From 1970 to 1975, Njeuma served as an associate professor of Genetics and Embryology at the Federal University of Yaounde, Cameroon. From 1988 to 2005 she worked at the University of Buea, first as Director General of the Buea University Centre (1988–93) and then as Vice-Chancellor (1993–2005). She was then appointed Rector of the University of Yaoundé from 2005 to 2008. Njeuma is the Vice- President of the Executive Board of the Association of African Universities.
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He described many new species during his career at the Zoological Survey of India. Roonwal was born in Jodhpur where he received his early education. He then studied at Lucknow where he obtained a Master of Science in 1930. He began work at the Locust Research Institute in 1931 at Lyallpur and went to Cambridge where he worked on the embryology of Schistocerca gregaria under the guidance of Augustus Daniel Imms and obtained a Ph.D. in 1935.
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As of 1872, he ceased to teach general anatomy, and as of 1877, embryology. He retired fully in 1879. Schwann was deeply respected by his peers. In 1878, a festival was held to celebrate his years of teaching and his many contributions. He was presented with a unique gift: a book containing 263 autographed photographic portraits of scientists from various countries, each of them sent by the scientist to be part of the gift for Schwann.
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Telegraph UK, Obituary (26 Oct 2015). Jardine had been raised in a secular Jewish household, but when appointed new chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Britain’s fertility regulator, she expressed her loyalty to her observant grandparents' Orthodox faith, which she described as going back "all the way back to whenever – Abraham", and her reluctance to clash with the Catholic Church on embryology.Sholto Byrnes, "Lisa Jardine On Life and Death", New Statesman, 22 May 2008.
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Hilbrand Boschma (22 April 1893 – 22 July 1976) was a Dutch zoologist and director of the Rijksmuseum of Natural History in Leiden. Boschma studied botany and zoology at the University of Amsterdam. He went to the former Dutch East Indies, where he studied embryology, functional morphology in reptiles and amphibians, and stony corals. He joined a Danish expedition to the Kai Islands in 1922 as an associate of the Danish zoologist Dr. Th. Mortensen and sampled and studied corals.
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He was born in 1920, in Budapest, Hungary. His father was an engineer at the Budapest Waterworks until the Communist takeover after World War II. He graduated from the University of Budapest in 1942 and started his research career at the Department of Histology and Embryology of the university. In 1947, he continued his research at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm. He was the director of ophthalmic research at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, from 1975 to 1982.
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Naturalists began to reject essentialism and consider the importance of extinction and the mutability of species. Cell theory provided a new perspective on the fundamental basis of life. These developments, as well as the results from embryology and paleontology, were synthesized in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The end of the 19th century saw the fall of spontaneous generation and the rise of the germ theory of disease, though the mechanism of inheritance remained a mystery.
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Koopman instigated the Australian Developmental Biology Workshop (2001- ), the Australian Sex Summit (2004- ), and the International Workshop on Sox Transcription Factors (2005 - ). He was organizer of the Cold Spring Harbor (USA) Workshop on Molecular Embryology of the Mouse (1995-1998), and Chair of the Gordon Research Conference on Germinal Stem Cell Biology (2017). Koopman has trained 34 postdoctoral research staff and 28 PhD students. He has published more than 280 research papers that have been cited over 19,000 times.
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Laskey was the Charles Darwin Professor of Embryology at the University of Cambridge. In 1991, he co-founded the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research Campaign Institute (now known as the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute), along with five other senior scientists including Professor Sir John Gurdon. In 2001, he founded the Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit in 2001, and was Director of the Unit until 2010. Laskey is also a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge.
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The alveolar crest is the most cervical rim of the alveolar bone proper. In a healthy situation, the alveolar crest is slightly apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) by approximately 1.5 to 2 mm. The alveolar crests of neighboring teeth are also uniform in height along the jaw in healthy situation.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 176 The supporting alveolar bone consists of both cortical bone and trabecular bone.
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Research areas include marine algae, marine conservation biology, marine invertebrate zoology, comparative invertebrate embryology, experimental and field approaches in biology and paleontology, functional morphology and ecology of marine fishes, invertebrate larval ecology, and other current topics in marine science and oceanography. Puget Sound Marine Biological Station, Friday Harbor, Washington, 1915. FHL was founded in 1904 by University of Washington Zoology Professor Trevor Kincaid, who became its first director. The Green fluorescent protein was discovered at FHL in 1962.
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Tangl was born the son of a cloth-maker in Budapest in 1866. He attended the University of Budapest and graduated with a degree in medicine. He next was provided with a one-year traineeship for general hospitals and medical institutions, and spent half a year in 1887 in Kiel, dealing primarily with histology. On April 1 of the same year, he received a post as an assistant in histology in the medical school’s embryology division at Graz.
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At this point he has already long studied embryology, using various expeditions to further his research from his days as a student. He researched the Northern Fur Seal on the Commander Islands (1913-1914), the Caucasian Bison (1909-1911) and the fish of the Aral Sea (1921-1922)Prokhorov, Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich. Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Macmillan, 1982. In 1916 he conducted pioneering work the inductive action exerted on the embryonic mesenchyme by the auditory vesicle during the auditory capsule’s formation.
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Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time.
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One of Mall's other goals was to raise the prestige of anatomists and the study of anatomy in America. During his tenure, anatomy was deemed as a basic science, a prerequisite for entering the highly respected surgical field. Mall's convictions led him to expand the anatomical curricula to include histology, histogenesis, and embryology. The collective research spearheaded by Mall and his coworkers at the Department of Anatomy demonstrated an impact comparable to that of the surgical field.
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Some ethicist and legal scholars make the argument that it is incorrect to call the conceptus an embryo, because it will later differentiate into both intraembryonic and extraembryonic tissues,Larsen's Human Embryology. 4th Ed. Page 4. and can even split to produce multiple embryos (identical twins). Others have pointed out that so-called extraembryonic tissues are really part of the embryo's body that are no longer used after birth (much as milk teeth fall out after childhood).
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Jean Rostand was a French experimental biologist and philosopher who lived in Ville-d'Avray. He became famous for his work as a science writer, as well as a philosopher and an activist. His scientific work covered a variety of biological fields such as amphibian embryology, parthenogenesis and teratogeny, while his literary output extended into popular science, history of science and philosophy. His work in the area of cryogenics gave the idea of cryonics to Robert Ettinger.
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Perry graduated with a BSc in Pure Science (Genetics) from the University of Edinburgh in 1952.Edinburgh University Calendar 1952-1953 (Edinburgh: James Thin, 1952), p.706. She went on to work as a Research Assistant at the University's Institute of Animal Genetics and published research on the embryology of amphibians with the Institute's director C.H. Waddington. In 1975-76 she joined the Agricultural Research Council's Poultry Research Centre in Edinburgh, which later became part of the Roslin Institute.
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Root primordia (brown spots) as seen on the butt of a freshly cut pineapple crown intended for vegetative reproduction. A primordium (; plural: primordia; synonym: anlage) in embryology, is an organ or tissue in its earliest recognizable stage of development.MedicineNet.com Cells of the primordium are called primordial cells. A primordium is the simplest set of cells capable of triggering growth of the would-be organ and the initial foundation from which an organ is able to grow.
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Karl König with his professors in Vienna, 1925 König was born in Vienna, in Austria-Hungary, on 25 September 1902, the only son of a Jewish shoemaker. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna and graduated in 1927 with a special interest in embryology. After graduating, he was invited by Ita Wegman to work in her Klinisch-Therapeutisches Institut, an institute for people with special needs in Arlesheim, Switzerland. He married Mathilde Maasberg in 1929.
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He qualified as a doctor in Edinburgh in 1833, and then studied at the University of Heidelberg. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1840, and had the previous year, in 1839, been awarded the Society's Royal Medal for his work on embryology. He was the first to discover the segmentation of yolk in the mammalian ovum. He enunciated the doctrine that all cells were descended from an original mother cell by cleavage of the nucleus.
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New and revised "phylogenetic" classification systems of the plant kingdom were produced by several botanists, including August Eichler. A massive 23 volume ' was published by Adolf Engler & Karl Prantl over the period 1887 to 1915. Taxonomy based on gross morphology was now being supplemented by using characters revealed by pollen morphology, embryology, anatomy, cytology, serology, macromolecules and more. The introduction of computers facilitated the rapid analysis of large data sets used for numerical taxonomy (also called taximetrics or phenetics).
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The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single cell called a zygote and the germinal stage of development commences. Embryonic development in the human, covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus. Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilisation. The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 40 weeks.
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The glands continue to develop but the duct systems anastomose. The main pancreatic duct is formed by the fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreas. The embryology also explains the strange zig-zag course of the main pancreatic duct and the occasional appearance of an accessory pancreatic duct. The uncinate process, unlike the remainder of the organ, passes posteriorly to the superior mesenteric vein (it can pass posteriorly to the superior mesenteric artery, but this is less common).
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The teaching of various subjects was done during the instruction of relevant clinical subjects. For example, the teaching of anatomy was a part of the teaching of surgery, embryology was a part of training in pediatrics and obstetrics, and the knowledge of physiology and pathology was interwoven in the teaching of all the clinical disciplines. The normal length of the student's training appears to have been seven years. But the physician was to continue to learn.
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7, pp. A7-A8. His observations on humans and reptiles formed the basis of his classic papers on spottiness. He became adept at breeding small reptiles for his experiments and devoted to their care. His statement that "some invisible intersegmental boundaries, whose existence we have been taught to expect by comparative anatomy and embryology, are only revealed by disease" stemmed from Whimster's interest in the causes of linear or sharply demarcated rashes unexplained by external stimuli.
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James Charles Kopp was born in Pasadena, California and raised Lutheran, but later converted to Roman Catholicism. He graduated from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1976, with a bachelor's degree in biology, going on to take a master's degree in embryology from California State University Fullerton. Kopp started providing support to anti-abortion groups after his girlfriend underwent an abortion, and used his technical abilities to create special locks that protesters then used on the doors of abortion clinics.
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He was born in the Moseley district of Birmingham on 23 December 1891 the son of Harriet Annie Purser (1862-1952) and her husband, George Jesse Purser (1853-1927). He studied natural sciences at the University of Cambridge graduating with an MA in 1915.Public Schools Year Book 1915 He immediately began lecturing in embryology and histology at the University of Glasgow moving to the University of Edinburgh around 1918. In 1920 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
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Frank Lillie was a native of Toronto who was educated at the University of Toronto and the University of Chicago, receiving a Ph.D summa cum laude from the latter in 1894. From an early date he cultivated an interest in embryology, a field then in its infancy. He made several groundbreaking discoveries, notably determining that the sex of embryos was determined by particular hormones in their blood supply. This contributed to the establishment of endocrinology as a major area of study.
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Karl Schnarf (12 December 1879 in Vienna – 18 June 1947 in Vienna) was an Austrian botanist, known for his research in the field of plant embryology. From 1900 he studied natural sciences at the University of Vienna, where one of his instructors was botanist Richard Wettstein. After graduation, he worked as a schoolteacher at gymnasiums in Iglau and Mariahilf. In 1923 he qualified as a lecturer of systematic botany at Vienna, then in 1931, received the title of associate professor.
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The act covers several areas: # Any and all fertility treatment of humans involving the use of donated genetic material (eggs, sperm or embryos). # The storage of human eggs, sperm and embryos. # Research on early human embryos. # The creation of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, or HFEA, which regulates assisted reproduction in the UK. Within the act an embryo is defined as a live human embryo where fertilisation is complete, complete is defined as the appearance of a two cell zygote.
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When professors were absent, McAtee was often called upon to teach science classes such as Embryology. He was also an active participant in I.U. athletic events, particularly football games. McAtee served as a yell leader over a group called the "Howling Hundred", where he rallied students to attend games and even wrote fight songs to taunt the opposing team. During his studies, McAtee spent a summer working in Washington, D.C. rearranging a collection of North American and Mexican bird specimens.
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Many erroneous theories were formed in the early years of comparative embryology. For example, German biologist and philosopher Ernst Haeckel proposed that all organisms went through a "re-run" of evolution he said that 'ontogeny repeats phylogeny' while in development. Haeckel believed that to become a mammal, an embryo had to begin as a single-celled organism, then evolve into a fish, then an amphibian, a reptile, and finally a mammal. The theory was widely accepted, then disproved many years later.
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At the Francis Crick Institute she is investigating the mechanisms of lineage specification in human embryos and stem cells. In February 2016 Niakan was given the go- ahead by the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority to genetically modify human embryos. The embryos were to be destroyed after seven days. She planned to use the CRISPR technique to answer questions like what genetic faults cause some women to miscarry, what causes infertility and what is crucial for a healthy embryo.
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Zavos claims to have created and implanted cloned human embryos. However, Zavos' claims were roundly dismissed after he failed to produce any proof and have been widely condemned by doctors, politicians, and religious and pressure groups. Professor Hans Evers, chairman of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, stated: “All the scientific evidence so far indicates that it is completely impossible to clone humans. Anyone claiming that he is going to clone a human does not know what he is talking about.
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There are also the Experimentariums of physics and chemistry, the Museum of Medicinal Plants and Pharmacy and student housing. This site is served by the metro station: Delta. The Erasmus campus houses the Erasmus Hospital and the Pôle Santé, the Faculty of Medicine, the School of Public Health and the Faculty of Motor Sciences. There is also the School of Nursing (with the Haute école libre de Bruxelles - Ilya Prigogine), the Museum of Medicine and the Museum of Human Anatomy and Embryology.
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Coelomic epithelium refers to the epithelium that lines the surface of the body wall and abdominal organs. It constitutes the outermost layer of the male and female gonads, thus forming the germinal epithelium of the female or of the male. It is also called the germinal epithelium of Waldeyer or sometimes the superficial epithelial cells in embryology. It is often encountered in the medical setting as an important source of various types of ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal serous cancer and endometriosis (coelomic metaplasia).
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He was born in Birkenhead and educated at Birkenhead School. He took a job in a bank until 1899 before resuming his studies at Liverpool University before gaining a third class degree in zoology from Merton College, Oxford. After working as a demonstrator and assistant lecturer in the department of comparative anatomy at Oxford, he moved back to the University of Liverpool in 1906 also as a demonstrator and assistant lecturer. From 1911 he also lectured in embryology and genetics.
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The apical ectodermal ridge in embryonic development is very similar to the apical ectodermal cap in limb regeneration. The progress zone can be seen near to the zone of polarizing activity, which instructs cells on how to orient the limb. Dorsal and ventral views of a newt that has had a limb amputated and regrown, from "The elements of experimental embryology" by Julian Huxley and Gavin de Beer. In vertebrates, epimorphosis relies on blastema formation to proliferate cells into the new tissue.
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In the UK, assisted reproductive technologies are regulated under the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act (HFE) of 2008. However, the HFE Act does not address issues surrounding PGD. Thus, the HFE Authority (HFEA) was created in 2003 to act as a national regulatory agency which issues licenses and monitors clinics providing PGD. The HFEA only permits the use of PGD where the clinic concerned has a licence from the HFEA and sets out the rules for this licensing in its Code of Practice ().
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Skeletons and Bones, by Crisóstomo Martinez, Biblioteca Nacional de España Crisóstomo Martinez (1638–1694) was a Valencian painter and engraver known for his atlas of anatomy. His work has been ascribed to the Spanish intellectual movement called "Novator" which refers to the timid beginnings of a scientific revolution in the Kingdom of Spain in the late seventeenth century. The most innovative aspect of his work was an interest in embryology and microscopy, which he applied to the study of "fresh" osteology.
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Moog joined the faculty at Washington University in St. Louis as a research associate in zoology in 1942. In 1974, she was named Charles Rebstock Professor Emeritus of Biology. She chaired the Department of Biology from 1975 to 1977. At Washington University, she taught undergraduate and graduate level courses in the physiological and biochemical aspects of vertebrate development and developed a study course on comparative anatomy and embryology, which received national recognition and became a model of its kind throughout the country.
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In 1965, she returned to Brussels for a year of study, with a National Science Foundation fellowship. Seaton was the chair of the TSU's committee to develop its faculty manual from 1968–1970, as well as becoming the first Faculty Assembly chair from 1969 to 1971, and director of freshman studies in 1970. In 1971, Seaton published Laboratory exercises in vertebrate embryology. She was also a member of the American Association of University Professors conferences on curriculum improvement (1970–1972).
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Research utilizing cybrid embryos has been hotly contested due to the ethical implications of further cybrid research. Recently, the House of Lords passed the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, which allows the creation of mixed human-animal embryos for medical purposes only. Such cybrids are 99.9% human and 0.1% animal. A cybrid may be kept for a maximum of 14 days, owing to the development of the brain and spinal cord, after which time the cybrid must be destroyed.
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A small prospectively randomized study in 2016 reported poorer embryo quality and more staff time in an automated time-lapse embryo imaging device compared to conventional embryology. Active efforts to develop a more accurate embryo selection analysis based on Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning are underway. Embryo Ranking Intelligent Classification Algorithm (ERICA), is a clear example. This Deep Learning software substitutes manual classifications with a ranking system based on an individual embryo's predicted genetic status in a non-invasive fashion.
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Later in his career, he served as a professor at the Universities of Greifswald (from 1895) and Bonn (from 1907). Bonnet was the author of many scientific works, including numerous studies dealing with the anatomy and embryology of domesticated animals.Pagel: Biographical Dictionary outstanding physicians of the nineteenth century. Berlin, Vienna, 1901, 213-214 Sp. He was co-editor of Ergebnisse der Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte ("Results on anatomy and historical development"), and collaborated with Friedrich Sigmund Merkel (1845-1919) on Anatomische Hefte ("Anatomical books").
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Amathia vidovici feeds on bacteria, diatoms and phytoplankton by sifting particles from the surrounding water with its lophophore. Amathia vidovici is a hermaphrodite and different zooids on the same colony may be male or female, depending on their stage of development. The embryology of Amathia vidovici has not been studied but most bryozoans produce large, yolky eggs which are retained in the body cavity. Sperm is shed into the water and some self-fertilisation probably takes place within the colony.
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The MBL offers a range of courses, workshops, conferences, and internships throughout the year. Central to its programs are more than 20 Advanced Research Training Courses, graduate-level courses in topics ranging from physiology, embryology, neurobiology, and microbiology to imaging and computation integrated with biological research. In addition, the MBL hosts courses for undergraduate and graduate students from the University of Chicago and other colleges and universities, as well as workshops and conferences—accommodating more than 2,600 participants in 2016.
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In Bolivia, all medical schools are Faculties within a University and follow the European model of a six-year curriculum (9 000 ECTS or more) divided into three cycles. The first two years are called biomedical or pre-clinical cycle. During this time students are instructed in the basic sciences (anatomy, anthropology, biochemistry, biophysics, cell biology, embryology, histology, physiology, pharmacology, biostatistics, etc.). The next three years are the clinical cycle and consist of medical specialties instruction at the faculty and hospital practice.
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Swamy was born in 1918 to D. V. Gundappa and Bhagirathamma. He studied at Central College in Bangalore and obtained his bachelor's degree in botany. After this, and at the suggestion of his father, he began to study the embryology of orchids at home after obtaining a second-hand microscope, a microtome and some basic laboratory tools. He received a PhD from the University of Mysore in 1947 and had a brief post-doctoral period at Harvard University under Irving Widmer Bailey.
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Rudolph Sophus Bergh Rudolph Sophus Bergh (22 September 1859 – 7 December 1924) was a Danish composer and zoologist. He was the son of physician and zoologist Rudolph Bergh. He received his general education at the Metropolitanskolen and then studied music at the Royal Danish Academy of Music and zoology at the University of Copenhagen. He later taught histology and embryology at the university and published two books in his field: Forelæsninger over den almindelige Udviklingshistorie (1887) and Forelæsninger over den dyriske Celle (1892).
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Some researchers in the field of evolutionary developmental biology proposed another synthesis. They argue that the modern and extended syntheses should mostly center on genes and suggest an integration of embryology with molecular genetics and evolution, aiming to understand how natural selection operates on gene regulation and deep homologies between organisms at the level of highly conserved genes, transcription factors and signalling pathways. By contrast, a different strand of evo-devo following an organismal approach"The Origins of Form". Natural History.
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Ouweneel spent his childhood years in Apeldoorn and Deventer. After elementary school he attended the Christian Lyceum at Apeldoorn. After his graduation Gymnasium Beta he studied biology at the University of Utrecht from 1962 to 1967, graduating cum laude with genetics and embryology as his main subjects. After having worked as a biology teacher in Apeldoorn for a short time, he was a scientist at the Hubrecht Laboratory, Utrecht, from 1968 to 1976, researching the genetics of the fruit fly (Drosophila).
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After graduating from Johns Hopkins University, Madge taught one semester at University of Pittsburgh Medical School as an instructor of gross anatomy. Then, she was briefly an assistant in physiology at Johns Hopkins University from 1919 to 1921. Later in 1921, Madge, Charles, and their two daughters moved to Canada, and Madge became a part-time instructor of histology and embryology at the University of Western Ontario. She remained in this position until 1930 when she became a part-time assistant professor.
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By developing novel pharmacological, molecular and physiological approaches, he has demonstrated that these messengers and their targets regulate many fundamental pathophysiological cellular processes as diverse as Ebola virus disease infection, fertilisation and embryology, cardiac contractility, T cell activation and neuronal excitability. The discovery of lysosomes as calcium stores mobilised by NAADP has identified an entirely new signalling role for these organelles in health and disease. Galione served as head of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford from 2006 until 2015.
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Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard was the first to identify a morphogen, Bicoid, one of the transcription factors present in a gradient in the Drosophila syncitial embryo. She was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for her work explaining the morphogenic embryology of the common fruit fly. Groups led by Gary Struhl and Stephen Cohen then demonstrated that a secreted signalling protein, decapentaplegic (the Drosophila homologue of transforming growth factor beta), acted as a morphogen during the later stages of Drosophila development.
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Moore KL, TPersaud TVN, Torchia MG. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology with Student Consult Online Assess, 9th Edition. Saunders; To reconcile these differences, several theories of embryologic mesenteric development—including the "regression" and "sliding" theories—have been proposed, but none has been widely accepted. The portion of the dorsal mesentery that attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach, is known as the dorsal mesogastrium. The part of the dorsal mesentery that suspends the colon is termed the mesocolon.
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Opponents raised doubts over the stability of relationships outside marriage, and how instability would impact on the welfare of adopted children. However, the law was successfully passed and went into effect on 30 December 2005. Similar legislation was adopted in Scotland, which came into effect on 28 September 2009. Northern Ireland followed suit in December 2013.Gay adoption: Northern Ireland ban lifted, BBC News, 11 December 2013 The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 was given royal assent on 13 November 2008.
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Evans became associate professor of anatomy at Johns Hopkins University. Evans moved back to California in 1915 and was made professor of anatomy at the University of California, Berkeley, and held that position until his death. His medical research at Berkeley addressed problems relating to human nutrition, endocrinology, embryology, and histology. In 1918, his research into the number of human chromosomes led him to believe the number to be 48, when most people assumed the number to be much higher.
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In March 2008, Murphy-O'Connor joined Cardinal Keith O'Brien of Scotland in opposing the government's proposed embryology bill. The government had instructed its MPs to vote for the bill, which angered some Catholic MPs. Murphy-O'Connor said "Certainly, there are some aspects of this bill on which I believe there ought to be a free vote, because Catholics and others will want to vote according to their conscience." The government gave in to the pressure and promised to allow MPs a free vote.
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In 1907, he described, for the first time, the additional or supernumerary chromosomes, now called B-chromosomes. The same year he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Wilson published many papers on embryology, and served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1913. For his volume, The Cell in Development and Inheritance, Wilson was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1925.
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Much of it was fanciful and failed when tested by the facts of embryology, which Owen systematically ignored, throughout his work. However, though an imperfect and distorted view of certain great truths, it possessed a distinct value at the time of its conception. To the discussion of the deeper problems of biological philosophy, he made scarcely any direct and definite contributions. His generalities rarely extended beyond strict comparative anatomy, the phenomena of adaptation to function and the facts of geographical or geological distribution.
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In developmental biology, the Hamburger–Hamilton stages (HH) are a series of 46 chronological stages in chick development, starting from laying of the egg and ending with a newly hatched chick. It is named for its creators, Viktor Hamburger and Howard L. Hamilton. Chicken embryos are a useful model organism in experimental embryology for a number of reasons. Their domestication as poultry makes them more readily available than other vertebrates (such as mice), and being oviparous, the embryos are easily accessible.
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Crayon drawing by the biologist Dennis G. Lillie, 1909 Bateson was born in Whitby on the Yorkshire coast, the son of William Henry Bateson, Master of St John's College, Cambridge. He was educated at Rugby School and at St John's College in Cambridge, where he graduated BA in 1883 with a first in natural sciences. Taking up embryology, he went to the United States to investigate the development of Balanoglossus. This worm-like enteropneust hemichordate led to his interest in vertebrate origins.
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The neural spines of the first four vertebrae fuse and compress, forming one of the major structures of the apparatus. Study of the embryology of the Weberian apparatus has since been conducted on various other ostariophysan species, the outcomes of which have resulted in various interpretations of the development (and thus the homology) of the structures that form the structure. Specific studies have been done on the Weberian apparatuses of a few select taxa, including Danio rerio, Rhaphiodon vulpinus and Corydoras paleatus.
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In embryology, the concept of lateral inhibition has been adapted to describe processes in the development of cell types. Lateral inhibition is described as a part of the Notch signaling pathway, a type of cell–cell interaction. Specifically, during asymmetric cell division one daughter cell adopts a particular fate that causes it to be copy of the original cell and the other daughter cell is inhibited from becoming a copy. Lateral inhibition is well documented in flies, worms and vertebrates.
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Gvaladze is author of more than 180 scientific-research publications (among them 2 monographs and 1 manual) in the fields of Embryology of Flowering Plants, Double Fertilization, Apomixis, Ultrastructural research of Embryo Sac, etc. She is author of the Hypothesis about the stimulatory role of the Chalazal Polar Nucleus of the Central Cell of Angiosperm as compared to the Embryo in the preferential development of the Endosperm (1973-1974). Gvaladze is author of the 1st Manual "Reproduction of Plants" in Georgian (2008).
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Hermann Schacht (15 July 1814, in Ochsenwerder - 20 August 1864, in Bonn) was a German pharmacist and botanist, who specialized in the fields of plant anatomy and embryology. Prior to 1847 he worked at pharmacies in Braunschweig, Hamburg, Emmerich, Aachen and Altona, where he worked closely with hepaticologist Carl Moritz Gottsche. In the meantime, he attended classes at the University of Jena (1841–42), where from 1847 he served as assistant to Matthias Jakob Schleiden.ADB:Schacht, Hermann In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB).
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The name of this clade is informal and is not assumed to have any particular taxonomic rank like the names authorized by the ICBN or the ICPN. Members of this clade exhibit unusual embryology compared to other legumes, either enlarged antipodal cells in the embryo sac or the production of multiple embryo sacs. There has been a shift from bee pollination to bird pollination several times in this clade. Mirbelioids produce quinolizidine alkaloids, but unlike most papilionoids, they do not produce isoflavones.
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Explorer-naturalists such as Alexander von Humboldt investigated the interaction between organisms and their environment, and the ways this relationship depends on geography—laying the foundations for biogeography, ecology and ethology. Naturalists began to reject essentialism and consider the importance of extinction and the mutability of species. Cell theory provided a new perspective on the fundamental basis of life. These developments, as well as the results from embryology and paleontology, were synthesized in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Adolf Osterwalder (11 March 1872, in Kümmertshausen – 14 March 1961, in Wädenswil) was a Swiss zymologist and wine bacteriologist. He studied natural sciences at Lausanne and Zürich, receiving his doctorate in 1898 with the dissertation Beiträge zur Embryologie von Aconitum Napellus L ("Contributions to the embryology of Aconitum napellus"). After graduation, he worked as an assistant plant pathologist and fermentation physiologist under Hermann Müller-Thurgau at the experimental institute in Wädenswil. In 1917 he attained the post of deputy director.
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All Anythink locations set up unique “experience zones” throughout the year. Experience zones are areas created by Anythink staff that allow for interactive experiences in the library. These zones use a hands-on approach to make information and learning more interactive within the library setting. Previous experience zones have included embryology programs where customers can watch baby chicks and ducklings hatch live at the library, office supply fashion design contests and the transformation a conference room into a happiness-themed retreat.
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An abstinence period of only 1 or 2 days produce the highest pregnancy rates per IUI cycle compared with longer intervals of ejaculatory abstinence. This increase in pregnancy rate occurs despite a lower value of total motile spermatozoa. Daily sexual activity increases sperm quality in men minimizing DNA damage in the sperm—because it is speculated to result in less storage time where damage may accumulate.Study: Daily sex helps to reduce sperm DNA damage and improve fertility the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE).
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In 1816 he replaced Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1851) as professor of botany at the University of Breslau, and in 1820 transferred to the University of Bonn, where he was successor to Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858). Treviranus remained at Bonn until his death in 1864. In his earlier studies, he worked mostly in the fields of plant anatomy and physiology, afterwards focusing on taxonomic issues. Between 1815 and 1828, he published noted works on the sexuality and embryology of phanerogams.
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The divisions are Orthorrhapha and Cyclorrhapha. Subsequent investigations into the metamorphoses of the entire order resulted in the publication of System of Diptera “based upon recent advances in anatomy and embryology”,which appeared in 1883. This was generally regarded as the best arrangement of the Diptera yet proposed. The system which with a review by Dr. Sharp appears in the “Cambridge Natural History” Insects part 1 p. 175 divides the class into no fewer than 17 orders, the old Linnean “Neuroptera” furnishing 7 of these.
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He took doctorates in medicine, biology and science. From 1974 to 2004, he was professor of histology, embryology and cytogenetics in the medical faculty of the University of Paris. Until 2004 he was also director of the laboratory of the Cochin – St Vincent de Paul – La Roche Guyon Hospital in Paris, head of the cytogenetics and pathology department, and chairman of the hospital group's advisory board. He hold tenures at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.
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By proposing that the earth has a molten core, he anticipated modern geology. In embryology, he was a preformationist, but also proposed that organisms are the outcome of a combination of an infinite number of possible microstructures and of their powers. In the life sciences and paleontology, he revealed an amazing transformist intuition, fueled by his study of comparative anatomy and fossils. One of his principal works on this subject, Protogaea, unpublished in his lifetime, has recently been published in English for the first time.
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In the 18th and 19th century, great anatomists like George Cuvier, Richard Owen and Thomas Henry Huxley revolutionized our understanding of the basic build and systematics of vertebrates, laying the foundation for Charles Darwin's work on evolution. An example of a 20th- century comparative anatomist is Victor Negus, who worked on the structure and evolution of the larynx. Until the advent of genetic techniques like DNA sequencing, comparative anatomy together with embryology were the primary tools for understanding phylogeny, as exemplified by the work of Alfred Romer.
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Additionally, he conducted research on reproductive donation. He always worked with an eye on public policy and, more latterly, with bioethical issues. He was a co-founder of the initially Cambridge based Socio Legal Group and frequently served as a co-editor of their collective books. He has served on many public bodies including the Human Genetic Commission, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, the Ethics and Law Committee of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and as a policy advisor for the Lord Chancellor's Department.
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After leaving Tartu, he continued his education in Berlin, Vienna, and Würzburg, where Ignaz Döllinger introduced him to the new field of embryology. In 1817, he became a professor at Königsberg University (Kaliningrad) and full professor of zoology in 1821, and of anatomy in 1826. In 1829, he taught briefly in St Petersburg, but returned to Königsberg. In 1834, Baer moved back to St Petersburg and joined the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, first in zoology (1834–46) and then in comparative anatomy and physiology (1846–62).
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Ashok is active in basic and clinical research and his laboratory has trained more than 525 basic scientists and clinical researchers from over 55 countries. His American Center for Reproductive Medicine has provided hands on training to 210 candidates in human assisted reproduction (Embryology and Andrology techniques) from 45 countries. Ashok has been invited as a guest speaker to over 30 countries for important international meetings. He has directed more than a dozen Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and Andrology Laboratory Workshops and Symposia in recent years.
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His proposers were Arthur Robinson, Joseph Strickland Goodall, John Cameron, and David Waterston. In 1913 he moved to Kings College, London as a Reader and Lecturer in Anatomy (specialising in Embryology) and stayed there until retiral in 1938. When he first moved here he lived at 22 Regents Park Terrace in London, a fairly prestigious address. Up until 1941 he lived at 22 Court Lane Gardens in Dulwich, a pleasant rural- ambience suburb of London, but his house was destroyed by a bomb during The Blitz.
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Abbott supported a number of pro-choice amendments to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill (now Act). (along with Katy Clark MP and John McDonnell MP) – including leading on NC30 Amendment of the Abortion Act 1967: Application to Northern Ireland. Writing for The Guardian, Abbott argued that > When it comes to the right to choose, women in Northern Ireland are second- > class citizens. They are denied the NHS treatment and funding for abortion > that is permitted to every other woman in the United Kingdom.
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Gert Holstege (born 1948, Warnsveld) is a neuroscientist at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. Holstege studied medicines at the Erasmus University Rotterdam from 1966 to 1971. He was neuroscientist at that University from 1971 to 1987, after which he worked for 4 years for NASA in Mountain View, California. Since 1990 he has worked at the University of Groningen, where he, since 1993, has been a Full Professor of Neuroanatomy and the Chairman of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at the Faculty of Medicine.
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The third floor contained a library with a reading room, stacks, herbaria, and laboratories for plant embryology and taxonomy. After a 2002 renovation, the library also included a wooden reference desk and a 50-seat study room. Since the International Plant Science Center's opening, the library collections and herbarium have been located in that building. The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium, located inside the International Plant Science Center, is one of the largest herbaria in the world, with approximately 7.2 million to 7.8 million specimens.
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Price was born in Aurora, Illinois in 1899, and received her Bachelor of Science from the University of Chicago in 1922. After graduating, she briefly pursued graduate work in embryology, but financial difficulties caused her to leave graduate school. Searching for work, she was offered a position as a histological technician in the lab of endocrinologist Carl R. Moore, who was studying sexual development at the time. Price would continue to work for, and with, Moore for the rest of his career at the University of Chicago.
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The three major areas of study are biomedical sciences, clinical sciences, and naturopathic therapeutics. The biomedical sciences segment of the curriculum (years 1 and 2) involves the study of anatomy (gross anatomy and prosection), embryology, clinical physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology, public health, pharmacology, clinical pathology and laboratory diagnostics. Introductory courses in the naturopathic modalities include: botanical medicine, homeopathy, nutrition, Asian medicine and acupuncture, physical medicine, psychology. It is recommended that students also take step- one of the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) prior to commencing third year.
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He attended Yale University, received a master's degree in embryology from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and received his medical degree from the University of Michigan in 1929, when he was 21 years old. He served on the board of trustees of the Barstow School, a private independent school for girls located in Kansas City, Missouri, and was president of the board from 1956 to 1957. During World War II, he served as a major in the Army Medical Corps. On Sept.
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As father and son same the same name, occupation, and similar careers they are often hard to distinguish. Sutton Jr was born in Kansas City on 11 May 1908. He attended Yale University for one year and then pursued studies at the University of Michigan. He earned a master's degree in embryology and an M.D. degree (1929) from the University of Michigan and went on to specialize in dermatology, joining his father's practice in Kansas City, Mo. In 1935 he married Serena Anne Neel.
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She studied broadly, in Latin, English literature, history, and the sciences, becoming the first woman in the university's history to take a laboratory physics class. While still an undergraduate, she became fascinated with zoology and especially anatomy, taking every class offered in these subjects. She went on to earn her Ph.D. at Cornell in 1880. In 1881, Phelps married Simon Henry Gage (1851–1944), who was already an assistant professor of histology and embryology at Cornell, where he would spend his entire academic career.
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In amniote embryology, the hypoblast, is one of two distinct layers arising from the inner cell mass in the mammalian blastocyst, or from the blastodisc in reptiles and birds. The hypoblast gives rise to the yolk sac, which in turn gives rise to the chorion. The hypoblast is a layer of cells in fish and amniotes embryos. The hypoblast helps determine the embryo's body axes, and its migration determines the cell movements that accompany the formation of the primitive streak and the embryo orientation.
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Richard Marshall Eakin ( ; May 5, 1910 – November 25, 1999), was an American zoologist and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was widely known for portraying prominent historical scientists during some of his lectures; dressing in costume and speaking in character to entertain and inform his students. A 1953 Guggenheim fellow, he wrote several books and more than 200 scientific papers. His research focused on eyes and vision in animals, especially the parietal eye or "third eye" of vertebrates, as well as animal embryology.
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Unlike those in bone, however, these canals in cementum do not contain nerves, nor do they radiate outward. Instead, the canals are oriented toward the periodontal ligament (PDL) and contain cementocytic processes that exist to diffuse nutrients from the ligament because it is vascularized.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 171 The progenitor cells also found in the PDL region contribute to the mineralization of the tissue. Once in this situation, the cementoblasts lose their secretory activity and become cementocytes.
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Human embryology (3. ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 53–86. . Transition from the gastrula stage to the neurula stage In Xenopus laevis, the transition from the gastrula to the neurula involves morphological changes in two regions surrounding the blastopore: the dorsal involuting marginal zone (IMZ) and the overlying non-involuting marginal zone (NIMZ) of the gastrula. Following involution at the mid-gastrula stage, the IMZ undergoes convergent extension, in which the lateral regions narrow and move towards the midline and the anterior end lengthens.
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Deciduous teeth – commonly known as baby teeth, milk teeth, temporary teeth,Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 255 and primary teeth – are the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and other diphyodont mammals. They develop during the embryonic stage of development and erupt (that is, they become visible in the mouth) during infancy. They are usually lost and replaced by permanent teeth, but in the absence of permanent replacements, they can remain functional for many years.
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Walter de Gruyter His one surviving work is a simplified, and abbreviated, Latin translation of the Gynecology of Soranus. The first part is composed in a form of question-and-answer on many matters to do with female anatomy, embryology, and matters of birth and neonatal care. The second part covers pathological conditions. Numerous copies of this work from the ninth to the fifteenth century still survive, and it was the most important source for Eucharius Rösslin when he wrote his Rosengarten in 1513.
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Matthew H. Kaufman (29 September 1942 – 11 August 2013) was a British biologist. He was Professor Emeritus at University of Edinburgh having been Professor of Anatomy there from 1985 to 2007. He taught anatomy and embryology for more than 30 years, initially at the University of Cambridge, when he was a Fellow of King's College, and more recently (from 1985 to 1997) in Edinburgh. Born in London into an Orthodox Jewish family,Jonathan Bard and Gillian Morriss-Kay, "Matthew H Kaufman FRSE (1942–2013)", J Anat.
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A. Lancelet (a chordate), B. Larval tunicate, C. Adult tunicate. Kowalevsky saw that the notochord (1) and gill slit (5) are shared by tunicates and vertebrates. From the early 19th century through most of the 20th century, embryology faced a mystery. Animals were seen to develop into adults of widely differing body plan, often through similar stages, from the egg, but zoologists knew almost nothing about how embryonic development was controlled at the molecular level, and therefore equally little about how developmental processes had evolved.
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Marcello Malpighi (10 March 1628 – 29 November 1694) was an Italian biologist and physician, who is referred to as the "Founder of microscopical anatomy, histology & Father of physiology and embryology". Malpighi's name is borne by several physiological features related to the biological excretory system, such as the Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys and the Malpighian tubule system of insects. The splenic lymphoid nodules are often called the "Malpighian bodies of the spleen" or Malpighian corpuscles. The botanical family Malpighiaceae is also named after him.
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Tartu has been an intellectual centre of both Estonia and the Baltic countries for several centuries. Scholars hailing from Tartu include the pioneer of embryology Karl Ernst von Baer, a pioneer of animal behaviour studies Jakob von Uexküll, and a cultural theorist and semiotician Juri Lotman. Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz, a Baltic German physician, naturalist, and entomologist, was born in Tartu. He was one of the earliest scientific explorers of the Pacific region, making significant collections of flora and fauna in Alaska, California, and Hawaii.
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Jean Edmond Cyrus Rostand (30 October 1894, Paris – 4 September 1977, Ville-d'Avray) was a French biologist and philosopher. Active as an experimental biologist, Rostand became famous for his work as a science writer, as well as a philosopher and an activist. His scientific work covered a variety of biological fields such as amphibian embryology, parthenogenesis and teratogeny, while his literary output extended into popular science, history of science and philosophy. His work in the area of cryogenics gave the idea of cryonics to Robert Ettinger.
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In 2007, Mummery was a visiting professor jointly at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) and the Radcliffe Institute working on to engineer cardiac grafts. Prior to her position as Chair of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at Leiden University Medical Center, Prof. Mummery was a professor of Developmental Biology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Utrecht from 2002 to 2008. Since 2015, Mummery is a Professor of Vascular Modelling at the Technical University of Twente to develop organ-on-chip models. Prof.
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Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 135 The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents air forcing into the duct, which would cause pneumoparotitis. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve. The exit of the parotid ducts can be felt as small bumps (Papillae) on both sides of the mouth, and are usually positioned next to the maxillary second molars.
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Francis Hobart Herrick, ca1902 Plate from The American Lobster: A study of its habits and development Francis Hobart Herrick (19 November 1858 Woodstock, Vermont - 11 September 1940 Cleveland, Ohio) was an American writer, natural history illustrator and Professor of Biology at Adelbert College of Western Reserve University. Herrick attended St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire from where he went to Dartmouth College in 1881. His Ph.D. was obtained at Johns Hopkins University in 1888. The embryology and biology of shellfish, especially lobster, became his consuming interest.
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Leonardo studied human embryology with the help of anatomist Marcantonio della Torre and saw the fetus within a cadaver. The first study, measuring 30.5×22 cm, shows the fetus in a breech position inside a dissected uterus. Leonardo mistakenly depicted the cotyledons in the vascular walls of the human uterus that he had previously found in a cow uterus. The other study, measuring 30.3×22 cm, shows female external genitalia, the supposed arrangement of abdominal muscles on the top right and fetus from different angles.
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While she was a graduate student at Cornell University, she was an assistant in the Histology and Embryology Department, teaching and researching under professor Simon Henry Gage; Gage's expertise in microscopy shaped Read's later work.Cornell University, The Register (1906): 301-302. Read's work at the U. S. Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Chemistry (the precursor to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration) focused on the detection of adulterated foods,"Government Women Who Hold Unique or Lucrative Jobs" Miami News (November 29, 1913): 7. via Newspapers.
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Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the terms of the Act were extended to comatose patients, and so theoretically assault charges could be (but in this case were not) brought against doctors for overseeing or performing the procedure. There are few other jurisdictions that fall into this category. New York senator Roy M. Goodman proposed a bill in 1997 requiring written consent by the donor in 1998, but it was never passed into law."Life after death – New York state moves to keep dead men's sperm in the family"; Cohen, Philip; New Scientist (21 March 1998.
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At Hopkins, Grinnell taught embryology in the summer of 1900 and in the summers of 1901 and 1902, ornithology. A case of typhoid fever interrupted Grinnell's academic track and he returned to Pasadena in 1903 to recover. Grinnell accepted an offer as biology instructor at Throop Polytechnic during this time. Grinnell finished his Stanford Doctorate requirements—essentially by mail—with submission of his thesis An Account of the Mammals and Birds of the Lower Colorado Valley with Especial Reference to the Distributional Problems Presented and received his Doctorate in Zoology on May 19, 1913.
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Grinnell defends the collecting and study of birds' eggs in his editorial "Is Egg-collecting Justifiable?" and includes recreation as one of the values gained. "Then there is the recreative phase which is not to be disparaged; and the pleasure to be derived from this pursuit. We must confess that we have gotten more complete satisfaction, in other words happiness [italics in original], out of one vacation trip into the mountains after rare birds and eggs than out of our two years of University work in embryology!" Grinnell edited The Condor for 33 years.
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Although many of the molecular mechanisms involved in limb development are conserved between mouse and bat, there are a number of differences primarily seen in gene expression patterns. Surprisingly, the coding regions of many of these genes with different expression domains are highly conserved between mouse and bat. Thus, it is likely that this major morphological transition was a consequence of cis-regulatory changes. Researchers can study the genetic basis of bat wing development by using comparative in situ hybridization to examine gene expression domains and using experimental embryology in mice and bats.
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Dr. Ghosh Dastidar was invited by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India to be on the National Expert Advisory Panel on IVF formed by the ICMR (Indian Council for Medical Research) to draft guidelines to regulate, accredit and supervise IVF centers in India. He is the only member from India in of the International Task Force for IVF in third World Countries constituted by The European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). He is also a member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM).
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The basic sciences run through the first 5 semesters. This covers all subjects related to anatomy and neuroanatomy; histology; embryology; basic genetics; biochemistry and molecular biology; physiology and neurophysiology; human conduct and psychopathology; gross and histologic pathology; microbiology and parasitology; biostatistics; basic clinical (theoretical) psychiatry; pharmacology; pathophysiology; semiology and family medicine. This bloc also covers several ethics subjects including medicine and human values, as well as health anthropology. Throughout, students must practise on the corpses available at the amphitheatre; microscopic and lab analyses, as well as physiology lab analyses.
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From 1873 to 1877, Osborn studied at Princeton University, obtaining a B.A. in geology and archaeology, where he was mentored by paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope. Two years later, Osborn took a special course of study in anatomy in the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Bellevue Medical School of New York under Dr. William H. Welch, and subsequently studied embryology and comparative anatomy under Thomas Huxley as well as Francis Maitland Balfour at Cambridge University, England."After Twenty Years:The Record of the Class of 1877", Princeton University, 1877–1897, p. 72. Trenton, N. J. 189.
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She was a member of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and of the Professional Conduct Committee of the Bar Council. She was a Commissioner for the Marshall Scholarships until December 2006. She was on the Regulatory Decision Committee of the Financial Services Authority from 2001 to 2007, and was a member of the ICSTIS PhonepayPlus Committee (which regulates premium rate telephony) until November 2008. She chaired The Animal Procedures Committee, a body that advises the British Home Secretary on matters related to animal experimentation in the UK, until its abolition in 2012.
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Spitzka was born in New York City, the son of Charles A. Spitzka and Johanna née Tag. He attended Public School No. 35, the College of the City of New York, and the Medical Department of the University of the City of New York, where he graduated in 1873. He spent the next three years in Europe, where he studied at the medical schools of the University of Leipzig and the University of Vienna. From 1874 to 1875 he served as an assistant to the chair of embryology at the University of Vienna.
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These techniques would eventually be developed into intracytoplasmic sperm injection, while Research Instruments would go on to provide IVF equipment and technology to clinics around the world. Fishel introduced embryo vitrification to the UK in 1991, with the first baby to be born in the country from this technique being delivered in October 1992. However, this procedure was then initially banned by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), a decision later criticised by Fishel when he gave a supplementary memorandum in parliament in 1997 as part of the Draft Human Tissue and Embryos Bill.
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400px The school's campus is located on Little Hill () and consists of four separate buildings. The historical M. R. Štefánik building is home to the three National Centres of Excellence, the school's nursing academy, and is also used for the teaching of Latin for first year medical students. The main building headquarters many of the pre-clinical medical departments, such as anatomy, histology, embryology, biophysics and medical biology. The assembly hall houses the dean's office and the aula magna, which itself is used for conferences, graduations, inaugurations, matriculation, and other events.
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Concepts such as "life force", "Qi" and "élan vital" existed from antiquity and emerged from the debate over vitalism in the 18th and 19th centuries with Mesmer and the magnetism. They continued to be discussed in the 20th century by some thinkers and practitioners in the modern New Age movement. As biologists studied embryology and developmental biology, particularly before the discovery of genes, a variety of organisational forces were posited to account for their observations. German biologist Hans Driesch (1867–1941), proposed entelechy, an energy which he believed controlled organic processes.
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This a six-year program divided within three cycles. First cycle: Theory and lectures (1-2), second cycle: pre-clinical training (3-4) and third cycle: clinical training (5-6). First year consists mainly of theoretical classes, however there are practice since first day in laboratories and institutes, such as biochemistry, anatomy which included lectures and teaching sessions with cadavers in dissection tables, Molecular Biology, histology, embryology and many others general subjects. The second year is usually mainly quite theoretical although most teaching sessions takes place in laboratories.
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Within organisms, genetic information is physically represented as chromosomes, within which it is represented by a particular sequence of amino acids in particular DNA molecules. Developmental biology studies the process by which organisms grow and develop. Developmental biology, originated from embryology, studies the genetic control of cell growth, cellular differentiation, and "cellular morphogenesis," which is the process that progressively gives rise to tissues, organs, and anatomy. Model organisms for developmental biology include the round worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the zebrafish Danio rerio, the mouse Mus musculus, and the weed Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Le Douarin's work on chimeric embryos became increasingly notable, and she was able to gain international funding for her research after being appointed as Director of the C.N.R.S. Institute of Embryology. Building on her past experimentation, she began to research the developmental mechanism of the neural crest of avian embryos. In a 1980 publication, Le Douarin detailed her process of inserting totipotent quail nerve cells into the neural primordium of a chick. Her Feulgen stain technique allowed for the creation of a fate map detailing the migration of the quail- derived neural crest cells.
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Upon his return he was appointed professor of philosophy at the Université de Nancy, where he developed his theories of the philosophical implications of various branches of science, mainly embryology, biology and informatics. At the same time he continued his research on the theory of value which he had started before the war. In the 1970s he was named corresponding member of the Institut de France. He was also offered a position at the Sorbonne which he declined, preferring to continue working in Nancy, where he was friends with many other scientists.
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She was educated at the University of Lvov (now in Ukraine), where she obtained a doctorate of medicine. She studied the menstrual cycle, cellular respiration, and embryology, and served as chief scientific officer of the Agricultural Research Council of Great Britain. Lutwak-Mann was known for discovering that the hormone progesterone acts on the placenta to control carbonic anhydrase synthesis. She also co-authored the then-reference text on male reproductive function and semen ("Male Reproductive Function and Semen: Themes and Trends in Physiology, Biochemistry and Investigative Andrology", 1981) with Thaddeus Mann.
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Born in Webb City, Missouri in 1911, Riley was educated within the state at Drury College and Washington University in St. Louis, graduating with a MS in embryology. He moved to Yale University in 1934, intending to work with the anatomist Ross Harrison, but instead became interested in limnology. Working with the ecologist G. Evelyn Hutchinson, he completed his doctoral thesis on the copper cycle of lakes in Connecticut. Subsequently, he continued to be interested in the productivity of lakes, but gradually expanded his studies to encompass salt water, ultimately moving into biological oceanography.
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Expanding use of the microscope coupled with a new technique in the late 18th century unveiled the developing chick for close-up examination. By cutting a hole in the eggshell and covering it with another piece of shell, scientists were able to look directly into the egg while it continued to develop without dehydration. Soon studies of the developing chick identified the three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, giving rise to the field of embryology. Host versus graft response was first described in the chicken embryo.
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Both the CMCC and the UQTR programs include courses in anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, neurology, embryology, principles of chiropractic, radiology, immunology, microbiology, pathology, nutrition, and clinical sciences specifically relating to diagnosis with emphasis on the neuromusculoskeletal system. In particular, chiropractors receive training in radiology that covers a range of topics from radiation biophysics and protection to clinical X-ray interpretation and diagnosis. Radiology training consists of more than 360 contact hours followed by application during clinical internship. CMCC and UQTR have also developed relationships – both formal and informal – with other universities in Canada.
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In 1884/85 he served as university rector.Annals of Botany, Volume 2 edited by Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour, Roland Thaxter, Vernon Herbert Blackman Known for his work in the fields of plant anatomy and morphology, he was interested in a plants' inner workings and the interaction between its different components. His wide-ranging research included studies on the embryology and developmental biology of ferns, and investigations involving the physiology of a plants' stomatal apparatus, to name a couple. Among his written efforts was a six-part treatise on liverworts, titled Untersuchungen ueber die Lebermoose.
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She continued to flourish, winning prizes at the university in Classics, Ancient History, Senior Latin, Literature, Botany, Embryology, Zoology, Physiology, Chemistry, and History. During her time there she also had two papers published on avian anatomy. Walker's interest in social reform was initiated upon joining the Dundee Social Union (DSU), a group formed in 1888 by a group of the university's professors to improve the quality of life of Dundee's poor. Initially she worked as a rent collector, engaging closely with the families who lived in properties owned by the group.
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In 1891 he was sent by Pasteur to Sao Paulo in order to conduct investigations of endemic yellow fever.Repères chronologiques Service des Archives de l'Institut Pasteur Félix Le Dantec (1869-1917) In 1893 he was appointed lecturer of zoology at the University of Lyon, where he continued studies of intracellular digestion. Later, he returned to Paris (1896), where he worked in the laboratory of Alfred Giard at the École Normale Superieure and taught classes in embryology at the Sorbonne. During this time period, he began publishing a series of works on the philosophy of science.
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For her Master of Science thesis, Moody studied the digestive tract of eels. Her 1896 doctoral dissertation at the University of Chicago was titled "The Embryology and Oögenesis of Anurida maritima."Jane Maienschein, "Whitman at Chicago: Establishing a Chicago Style of Biology?" in Ronald Rainger and Keith R. Benson, The American Development of Biology (Rutgers University Press 1991): 175. Following completion of her doctorate, Moody served as an assistant at Cornell University despite her PhD, as women were relegated to the lowest ranks of faculty at the time.
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Judith Kimble received her Bachelor's degree in biomedical sciences from the University of California, Berkeley in 1971. She originally intended to become a physician. However, whilst in her last year as an undergraduate, she took a temporary job at the University of Copenhagen Medical School, she taught medical students about the structure and function of human organs, which, combined with her undergraduate studies in human embryology, sparked an interest in the "basic problems in animal development." She began her graduate studies in 1974 at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
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From 1929 to 1967, Battle served on the faculty of Western University. Battle's teaching career spanned over fifty years and 4,500 students, involving topics such as the embryology of marine life and teaching methodology.During her tenure, Dr. Battle fought for improving the position of women in universities and encouraged women to study science and go to graduate school. In 1956, Battle became Acting Head of the Zoology Department at Western University, in which she was instrumental in the design and creation of the Biology and Geology Building at Western University.
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Ernst Mayr said "It was Lankester who founded a school of selectionism at Oxford". Those he influenced (in addition to Weldon) included Edwin Stephen Goodrich (Linacre chair in zoology at Oxford 1921–46) and (indirectly) Julian Huxley (the evolutionary synthesis). In turn their disciples, such as E. B. Ford (ecological genetics), Gavin de Beer (embryology and evolution), Charles Elton (ecology) and Alister Hardy (marine biology) held sway during the middle years of the 20th century. As a zoologist Lankester was a comparative anatomist of the Huxley school, working mostly on invertebrates.
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He discussed and corresponded with the mathematician Alan Turing on brain cells, memory, pattern recognition, and embryology, from 1949. In 1950, Young was invited by the BBC to deliver the Reith Lectures. In his series of eight radio broadcasts, titled Doubt and Certainty in Science, he introduced the BBC audience to the themes of his research, exploring the function of the brain and the then-current scientific methods used to increase understanding of it. However, Young is probably best remembered for his two textbooks, The Life of Vertebrates and The Life of Mammals.
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Before the work of Beard, the use of enzymes to treat cancer had almost never been proposed; an exception is the advocation for using papaya enzymes by indigenous populations, an argument not scientifically developed. Beard, on the other hand, ultimately recommended the use of pancreatic enzymes to treat cancer from his extensive knowledge base of embryology. In 1902, Beard determined that cancer developed because of germ cells that lost direction to the gonads during the process of embryogenesis. These problematic germ cells ultimately developed into an "irresponsible trophoblast", as coined by Beard.
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In 2004, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (Disclosure of Donor Information) Regulations 2004/1511, enabled donor-conceived children to access the identity of their sperm, egg or embryo donor upon reaching the age of 18. The Regulations were implemented on 1 April 2005 and any donor who donated sperm, eggs or embryos from that date onwards is, by law, identifiable. Since that date, any person born as a result of donation is entitled to request and receive the donor's name and last known address, once they reach the age of 18.
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In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast (also known as the primitive ectoderm) is one of two distinct layers arising from the inner cell mass in the mammalian blastocyst or from the blastodisc in reptiles and birds. It derives the embryo proper through its differentiation into the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, during gastrulation. The amnionic ectoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm also originate from the epiblast. The other layer of the inner cell mass, the hypoblast, gives rise to the yolk sac, which in turn gives rise to the chorion.
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Bourgery strived to be up-to-date. Thus, he received numerous first observations, especially in the fields of the nervous system anatomy, embryology, and organogenesis. Metaphysically, he saw himself as a traveller in search of a universal structure, the secret of which he hoped to unravel through persistent research of the supreme anatomical discipline– far more than just a comprehensive collection of morphological findings. Bourgery did extracurricular research and was occasionally supported by well-known scientists, such as Mathieu Orfila, François Magendie, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, and others.
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Reichert, Karl Bogislaus Deutsche Biographie In 1843 he attained the chair of anatomy at the University of Dorpat, and ten years later, succeeded Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold as professor of physiology at the University of Breslau. In 1858 he returned to Berlin as chair of anatomy, where he succeeded his former mentor, Johannes Peter Müller. Reichert is remembered for his work in embryology, and for his pioneer research in cell theory. With Ernst Gaupp, he was co-architect of the Reichert–Gaupp theory concerning the origin of mammalian ossicles of the ear.
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Sarah Franklin (born 1960) is an American anthropologist who has substantially contributed to the fields of feminism, gender studies, cultural studies and the social study of reproductive and genetic technology. She has conducted fieldwork on IVF, cloning, embryology and stem cell research. Her work combines both ethnographic methods and kinship theory, with more recent approaches from science studies, gender studies and cultural studies. In 2001 she was appointed to a Personal Chair in the Anthropology of Science, the first of its kind in the UK, and a field she has helped to create.
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In a sense somewhat unrelated to its use in biological disciplines, the term "epigenetic" has also been used in developmental psychology to describe psychological development as the result of an ongoing, bi-directional interchange between heredity and the environment. Interactive ideas of development have been discussed in various forms and under various names throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. An early version was proposed, among the founding statements in embryology, by Karl Ernst von Baer and popularized by Ernst Haeckel. A radical epigenetic view (physiological epigenesis) was developed by Paul Wintrebert.
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Ratan Lal Brahmachary with George Adamson in Kora National Park, Kenya. Following a decade of work on relativistic field theory Astrophysist, Professor Ratan Lal Brahmachary joined Indian Statistical Institute in 1957 and there he was professor of Biology Department and a veteran on tiger research. He did his extensive research in Marine Biological Labs in Italy, France and other institutes in Europe. Professor Brahmachary's early work was on molecular embryology of invertebrates,, and in the 1970s, during a series of visits to Africa, studied food habits of mountain Gorilla.
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The MBL's first summer course provided a six-week introduction to invertebrate zoology; facilities for visiting summer investigators were also offered. The MBL Library was established in 1889, with scientist and future MBL trustee Cornelia Clapp serving as librarian. In 1899, the MBL began publishing The Biological Bulletin, a scientific journal that is still edited at the MBL. Gertrude Stein, later well known as a novelist and art collector, took part in MBL's Embryology course in the summer of 1897, while her brother Leo took part in the Invertebrates course.
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One of the large, detailed illustrations in 245x245px Anatomy (Greek anatomē, 'dissection') is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.Merriam Webster Dictionary Anatomy is a branch of natural science which deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales.
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He was awarded many prizes, such as the John Scott Medal and Premium of the City of Philadelphia in 1925 and the John J. Carty Medal of the National Academy of Sciences in 1947. He also served on the board of trustees for Science Service, now known as Society for Science & the Public, from 1938–1956. From 1946-1947, Harrison was a member of the Society for the Study of Development and Growth. Harrison gave a Croonian Lecture in 1933: The origin and development of the nervous system studied by the methods of experimental embryology.
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The origin of genetics is usually traced to the 1866 work of the monk Gregor Mendel, who would later be credited with the laws of inheritance. However, his work was not recognized as significant until 35 years afterward. In the meantime, a variety of theories of inheritance (based on pangenesis, orthogenesis, or other mechanisms) were debated and investigated vigorously.Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, pp 693–710 Embryology and ecology also became central biological fields, especially as linked to evolution and popularized in the work of Ernst Haeckel.
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Tabin's researchClifford Tabin publications, Google Scholar investigates the genetic regulation of vertebrate development, combining classical methods of experimental embryology with modern molecular and genetic techniques for regulating gene expression during embryogenesis. Previously Tabin has worked on retroviruses, homeobox genes, oncogenes, developmental biology and evolution. Early in his research he investigated limb regeneration in the salamander, and described the expression of retinoic acid receptor and Hox genes in the blastema. Comparative studies by Ann Burke in his lab showed that differences in boundaries of Hox gene expression correlated with differences in skeletal morphology.
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As Chair of Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Leather was praised for her hard work and transformative effect on the body. Guardian journalist Sarah Boseley wrote: "Nobody disputes that Leather has turned the HFEA around through her intelligence, commitment and personality." The Chief Executive of Infertility Network UK said she put patients at the heart of the HFEA, while others said she improved its professionalism and its service as a regulatory advisor. As the first chair of the School Food Trust, she succeeded in getting junk food snacks banned from schools.
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Anderson returned to the University of California to instruct and became an associate professor of medicine in 1946, while continuing her research on hormone related diseases. Most notably she discovered with her husband Webb E. Haymaker that Cushing's disease is caused by hyper function of the Adrenal cortex. Anderson also worked with Joseph Abraham Long, professor of embryology, to develop an apparatus to study the secretions of insulin from the pancreas in a rat model. This model and technique were later used with an immunochemical assay for human insulin.
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In Embryology a phylotypic stage or phylotypic period is a particular developmental stage or developmental period during mid-embryogenesis where embryos of related species within a phylum express the highest degree of morphological and molecular resemblance. Recent molecular studies in various plant and animal species were able to quantify the expression of genes covering crucial stages of embryo development and found that during the morphologically defined phylotypic period the evolutionary oldest genes, genes with similar temporal expression patterns, and genes under strongest purifying selection are most active throughout the phylotypic period.
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In the United States, sperm banks are regulated as Human Cell and Tissue or Cell and Tissue Bank Product (HCT/Ps) establishments by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with new guidelines in effect May 25, 2005. Many states also have regulations in addition to those imposed by the FDA, including New York and California. In the European Union a sperm bank must have a license according to the EU Tissue Directive which came into effect on April 7, 2006. In the United Kingdom, sperm banks are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.
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Until recently, the labrum generally was considered to be associated with first head segment. However, recent studies of the embryology, gene expression, and nerve supply to the labrum show it is innervated by the tritocerebrum of the brain, which is the fused ganglia of the third head segment. This is formed from fusion of parts of a pair of ancestral appendages found on the third head segment, showing their relationship. Its ventral, or inner, surface is usually membranous and forms the lobe-like epipharynx, which bears mechanosensilla and chemosensilla.
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Her first book, L'Origine des animaux (1883), was written in response to Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, which had been published in France in an 1862 translation by Clémence Royer. Renooz described Darwin's theory as unscientific, arguing instead for an evolutionary theory based on embryology. Renooz concluded that humanity's ancestors could be traced to the plant kingdom and specifically to the bean family, a concept possibly influenced by Ernst Haeckel's recapitulation theory. In Renooz's theory, the human head corresponded to the root ball of a plant, and the body to the stem and branches.
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The blood flow through the umbilical cord is approximately 35 ml / min at 20 weeks, and 240 ml / min at 40 weeks of gestation. Adapted to the weight of the fetus, this corresponds to 115 ml / min / kg at 20 weeks and 64 ml / min / kg at 40 weeks. For terms of location, the proximal part of an umbilical cord refers to the segment closest to the embryo or fetus in embryology and fetal medicine, and closest to the placenta in placental pathology, and opposite for the distal part, respectively.
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In 2007, he created the Laboratoire International Associé Franco-Marocain of Genetics, co-directed by Professor Abdelaziz Sefiani of the University of Rabat Medical School in Morocco. He is principal investigator and leader of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale group on "Genetics and embryology of congenital malformations". This group is a founding member of the Imagine Foundation (Institut des Maladies Génétiques). His research team at Imagine focuses on forms of neurocristopathy and fetal syndromes that result from abnormal development of primary cilium and planar polarity.
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Museum Vrolik website consists of various human and zoological body parts, fetuses and plaster casts that exhibit different aspects of embryology, pathology and anatomy. The museum also contains numerous examples of congenital malformations.Art Tattler A New Look at the Human Biological Specimens from the Vrolik Museum Willem Vrolik published teratological works on cyclopia, the pathogenesis of congenital anomalies, and a treatise on conjoined twins. In the 1840s he published Handboek der ziektekundige ontleedkunde (Handbook of pathological anatomy), as well as Tabulae ad illustrandam embryogenesin hominis et mammalium tam naturalem quam abnormem.
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He also showed that it can be combined with adaptive optics to improve resolution, and with amplified pulses to push the depth limit to 1mm in brain tissue. Today, two-photon excitation microscopy is also used in the fields of physiology, embryology and tissue engineering, as well as in cancer research. The sparsity of data on connectivity between neurons had been a major limitation in circuit neuroscience. Denk’s 2004 paper describing automated serial blockface microscopy rekindled the dormant science of comprehensive neural circuit mapping (connectomics), pioneered by Sydney Brenner.
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In embryology, Carnegie stages are a standardized system of 23 stages used to provide a unified developmental chronology of the vertebrate embryo. The stages are delineated through the development of structures, not by size or the number of days of development, and so the chronology can vary between species, and to a certain extent between embryos. In the human being only the first 60 days of development are covered; at that point the term embryo is usually replaced with the term fetus. It was based on work by Streeter (1942) and O'Rahilly and Müller (1987).
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Sheer completed a BSc (Hons) degree in embryology and zoology at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in 1973, after which she ran the diagnostic cytogenetics laboratory at the South African Institute of Medical Research for two years. She then moved to the genetics laboratory of the University of Oxford, where she was awarded a D.Phil. in 1980. She completed a post-doctoral research fellowship at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (now the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute) and became head of the Human Cytogenetics Laboratory from 1983 to 2006.
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Following his PhD, Harvey was a postdoctoral researcher in embryology at Harvard University with Douglas A. Melton, and then moved to the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne, establishing an independent group. In 1998, he relocated to the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, where he is Co-Deputy Director and Head of the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division. His research focuses on the genetic basis of heart development, pathological mechanisms underlying congenital heart disease, biology and origins of adult cardiac stem cells, and cardiac regeneration.
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At the beginning of his career, Richard Hertwig worked along with his brother, Oscar Hertwig. Together they developed, in 1881, the Coelom Theory (German: "Coelomtheorie"), of the fluid- filled body cavity (the "coelom"), as an explanation of the middle Keimblatt, which brought important realizations in the field of embryology. The theory assumes that all organs and tissues develop differently from three primary tissue layers, during animal embryogenesis. Hertwig worked systematically on several groups of protozoa and metazoa (German: Wirbellose) and provided fundamental work on the development of animals.
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Thanks to her work in the laboratory, she soon became Kristine Bonnevie's most important collaborator, a position she maintained for several years. In 1916, still at the laboratory, she was promoted to the rank of associate professor, a title she held throughout her professional life until her retirement in 1948. Ruud's main area of research was experimental embryology centred on how the various cells develop in an embryo. From 1916 to 1920, she travelled to Berlin on several occasions to work with Hans Spemann at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Biologie.
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In 1925, she went to the United States where she worked with Ross G. Harrison of Yale University carrying out experimental work on the axolotl or Mexican salamander. On returning to Oslo two years later, she discovered how an arm could grow out of an unexpected place on the body of the axolotl. Teaching formed an important part of Ruud's activities at the laboratory. In addition to assisting Bonnevie with her zoology course which covered anatomy, embryology and cytology, Ruud was responsible for a one-year practical course and for lectures on histology.
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Most recently he has appeared in the 'designer baby' appeal in the House of Lords. He was created Baron Brennan, of Bibury in the County of Gloucestershire on 2 May 2000 and is president of the Catholic Union of Great Britain. In 2006 Lord Brennan was appointed Delegate for Great Britain and Ireland of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George in succession to Anthony Bailey. On 19 November 2007 Brennan collapsed in the House of Lords shortly after concluding a speech on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill.
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However, he never supported the idea of legal prohibition of all abortions. He taught workshops on nonviolent protest at anti-abortion conferences, as described in the book, "Wrath of Angels," by James Risen and Judy Thomas (Basic Books, 1998, P. 60f). However, as the political and religious right essentially absorbed the anti-abortion movement in the early 1980s, Fager moved away from it, repudiated its increasingly rightwing and repressive character, and also reconsidered his understanding of the embryology and metaphysics involved. This evolution is described in his essay, "Abortion and Civil War".
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Homologous hox genes in such different animals as insects and vertebrates control embryonic development and hence the form of adult bodies. These genes have been highly conserved through hundreds of millions of years of evolution. Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer the ancestral relationships between them and how developmental processes evolved. The field grew from 19th-century beginnings, where embryology faced a mystery: zoologists did not know how embryonic development was controlled at the molecular level.
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In the so-called modern synthesis of the early 20th century, Ronald Fisher brought together Darwin's theory of evolution, with its insistence on natural selection, heredity, and variation, and Gregor Mendel's laws of genetics into a coherent structure for evolutionary biology. Biologists assumed that an organism was a straightforward reflection of its component genes: the genes coded for proteins, which built the organism's body. Biochemical pathways (and, they supposed, new species) evolved through mutations in these genes. It was a simple, clear and nearly comprehensive picture: but it did not explain embryology.
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Helminthological investigations: A worm of the family Protomicrocotylidae, a family created by Johnston and Tiegs in 1922Johnston, T. A. & Tiegs, O. W. 1922: New gyrodactyloid trematodes from Australian fishes together with a reclassification of the super-family Gyrodactyloidea. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 47, 83–131. Oscar Tiegs' scientific interests and contributions ranged from the physiological analysis of nervous and muscular action to invertebrate embryology, his studies being comparable to the very best work the last century. He repeatedly turned from one area of research to another, only to return again.
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For ten years Roux worked in Breslau (now Wroclaw), becoming director of his own Institute of Embryology in 1879. He was professor at Innsbruck, Austria from 1889–95, then accepted a professorial chair at the Anatomical Institute of the University of Halle, a post he retained until 1921. Roux's research was based upon the notion of Entwicklungsmechanik or developmental mechanics: he investigated the mechanisms of functional adaptations of bones, cartilage, and tendons to malformation and disease. His methodology was to interfere with developing embryos and observe the outcome.
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Dame Joan Irene Harbison, (born 21 January 1938) is a Northern Irish public servant and activist. She was a teacher and lecturer who served as Chief Commissioner of the Equality Commission for Northern Ireland until July 2006. She was previously the vice chair of the Eastern Health and Social Services Board and the Standing Advisory Commission on Human Rights (SACHR). She was a member of the General Dental Council for the United Kingdom and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, as well as serving on the Financial Services Authority Consumer Advisory Panel.
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Alexander M. Feskov (born 17 February 1959 in Alchevsk, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian physician, reproductive scientist, and ultrasonographer who specialises in reproductive technology and fertility treatment. Feskov is one of the most well-known reproductive technology and surrogacy specialists in Ukraine, and has over 100 academic publications. Other notable physicians who have done related research include Yury Verlinsky, Lars Johanson, and Norbert Gleicher. He is a member of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), and is also a member of the board of Ukrainian Association of Reproductive Medicine.
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He also demonstrated the continuity of all meninges with the envelopes of nerves and with the filum terminale. The second group of studies, “Vessels of the Spinal Medulla” (1900–1904) and of the Brainstem (1913) started with a communication read by the young Sterzi at the 14th Congress of the German Anatomical Society in 1900. It includes a paper of 370 pages written in German for the journal Anatomische Hefte (Sterzi, 1904), dealing with the comparative anatomy and embryology of these vessels from the cyclostomes (petromyzontes) to man.
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The Faculty of Medicine at Damascus University has 3 main buildings; the Dean's/Administration Building, the Laboratory building and the auditorium building. The main labs are the Physiology lab, Pharmacology lab, Biology and cellular science lab, Embryology lab, Genetics labs, Parasitology and Microbiology labs, Forensic Medicine lab and the Pathology lab. Labs are equipped with Microscopes and teaching amenities. The Auditorium Building has 3 stories, each containing a large auditorium that can accommodate a large number of students, estimated number of occupancy capacity is around 1000, these auditoriums serve mainly for teaching rounds and seminars.
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She was Professor of Zoology and the head of the Biology Department at Barnard College. Hughes performed the first complete dissection of the cranial nerves of the dogfish and made studies of hapoidy, parthenogenesis, hermaphroditism, and the life cycle of insects. She came to Woods Hole in the summer of 1918 as a student from Grinnell College and was enrolled in the embryology course at the Marine Biological Laboratory. In 1922, she was listed as an instructor at Bryn Mawr and was a student in the MBL’s protozoology course.
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Christine L. Mummery is an appointed professor of Developmental Biology at Leiden University and the head of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands. Prof. Mummery has pioneered studies on cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hPSC) and was among the first to inject them in mouse heart after myocardial infarction. Mummery was the first to derive human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) in Netherlands and is internationally leading in their use for cardiovascular disease modelling and safety pharmacology. In 2010, she established the LUMC hiPSC core facility.
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J Marshall, "The legal recognition of personality: full-face veils and permissible choice", International Journal of Law in Context, Cambridge University Press, 2014 at 125. Since 2005, in the UK, donor-received people can contact their donor once over 18 to find out where they have come from and prevent genealogical bewilderment.Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Act 2008. However, there are global differences towards the debate; for example, in Canada and the United States there are no regulations, whereas in Switzerland the donor must be willing to be identified, and in France, anonymity is forced.
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The falciform ligament can become canalised if an individual is suffering from portal hypertension. Due to the increase in venous congestion, blood is pushed down from the liver towards the anterior abdominal wall and if blood pools here, will result in dilatation of veins around the umbilicus. If these veins radiate out from the umbilicus, they can give the appearance of a head (the umbilicus) with hair of snakes (the veins) - this is referred to as caput medusae.Misdraji J, Embryology, anatomy, histology, and developmental anomalies of the liver.
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Harriet Harman allegedly blocked a series of votes to liberalise Britain's abortion laws via the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill (now Act). The pro-choice amendments proposed by Diane Abbot MP, Katy Clark MP and John McDonnell MP included NC30 Amendment of the Abortion Act 1967: Application to Northern Ireland. It was reported that the Labour Government at the time asked MPs not to table these pro-choice amendments (and at least until Third Reading) and then allegedly used parliamentary mechanisms in order to prevent a vote accordingly.
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After briefly studying physiology at Gamgee's laboratory in Owens College and then botany at Lawson's laboratory in Oxford, Heape went to Cambridge to study physiology under Foster, botany under Vines, and animal morphology under Balfour. Heape received an honorary M.A. from Cambridge on 10 December 1885. From 1879 to 1882 Heape concentrated under Balfour on mammalian embryology until Balfour's death age 30 in a mountain climbing accident. In 1882 Heape became an instructor and demonstrator in animal morphology as an assistant to Sedgwick and remained in that post until 1885.
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He analyzed collections gathered from Prince Albert I of Monaco, as well as specimens obtained from the Antarctic expeditions of Jean-Baptiste Charcot (1867–1936). Roule was the first scientist to describe Grimaldichthys profundissimus, a fish species found at a depth of over six kilometers. He had an avid interest in the work of French naturalists of previous generations, publishing books on Buffon, Daubenton, Lamarck and Cuvier. Louis Roule - Encyclopédie Larousse Roule was also the author of well regarded works in the fields of embryology and comparative anatomy.
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Apomixis occurs in at least 33 families of flowering plants, and has evolved multiple times from sexual relatives. Apomictic species or individual plants often have a hybrid origin, and are usually polyploid. In plants with both apomictic and meiotic embryology, the proportion of the different types can differ at different times of year, and photoperiod can also change the proportion. It appears unlikely that there are any truly completely apomictic plants, as low rates of sexual reproduction have been found in several species that were previously thought to be entirely apomictic.
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Lippincott-Schwartz attended Swarthmore College, where she majored in psychology and philosophy and graduated with honors from Swarthmore College in 1974. She taught science at a girl's high school in Kenya for two years before returning to the USA and entering a Master's program in Biology at Stanford University where she worked on DNA repair in the laboratory of Philip Hanawalt. She then entered a Biochemistry Ph.D. program at Johns Hopkins University, where she worked in Douglas Fambrough’s lab in the Carnegie Institution of Embryology and studied the dynamics of lysosomal membrane proteins.
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In 1952, Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King cloned a frog by somatic cell nuclear transfer. This same technique was later used to create Dolly the sheep, and their experiment was the first time a successful nuclear transplantation had been accomplished in higher animals. Frogs are used in cloning research and other branches of embryology. Although alternative pregnancy tests have been developed, biologists continue to use Xenopus as a model organism in developmental biology because their embryos are large and easy to manipulate, they are readily obtainable, and can easily be kept in the laboratory.
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Oceanography has taken an interest in monitoring the health of urchins and their populations as a way to assess overall ocean acidification, temperatures, and ecological impacts. The organism's evolutionary placement and unique embryology with five-fold symmetry were the major arguments in the proposal to seek the sequencing of its genome. Importantly, urchins act as the closest living relative to chordates and thus are of interest for the light they can shed on the evolution of vertebrates. The genome of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, was completed in 2006 and established homology between sea urchin and vertebrate immune system-related genes.
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Sea urchins are being used in longevity studies for comparison between the young and old of the species, particularly for their ability to regenerate tissue as needed. Scientists at the University of St Andrews have discovered a genetic sequence, the '2A' region, in sea urchins previously thought to have belonged only to viruses that afflict humans like foot-and-mouth disease virus. More recently, Eric H. Davidson and Roy John Britten argued for the use of urchins as a model organism due to their easy availability, high fecundity, and long lifespan. Beyond embryology, urchins provide an opportunity to research cis-regulatory elements.
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Ahuja was born in India in 1954,Companies House Filing 2006 studied at the Banaras Hindu University before moving to the UK in 1977 to study at Cambridge under physiologist Robert Edwards. He received his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 1984 and went on to become the Head of Embryology at the Cromwell Hospital before becoming the scientific Manager Director of the Cromwell IVF program in 1986. In 2006 he became a Director of the London Women's Clinic based at Harley Street London. Ahuja is also one of the founding editors of Reproductive Biomedicine Online.
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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) refers to genetic evaluation of embryos and oocytes prior to implantation. When used to screen for a specific genetic condition, the method also makes it possible to select embryos with intersex conditions for termination. Some national authorities, such as the UK Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, maintain lists of conditions for which PGD is permissible, including intersex conditions such as 5 alpha reductase deficiency, androgen insensitivity syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and others. Surgical interventions on children with intersex conditions are contentious and may lead to selection for other traits like same sex attraction.
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Crow graduated with his PhD in 1941 and moved to Dartmouth College just prior to the American entry into World War II, where he remained until 1948. The original plan had been to get a postdoctoral fellowship to work with Sewall Wright at the University of Chicago, but this proved difficult just at the start of the war. His appointment in Dartmouth was to teach genetics and general zoology, but as faculty were drafted off into military endeavors, Crow took on an increasing number of courses. Crow particularly delighted in being able to teach embryology and comparative anatomy.
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Fishel has since stated that "the whole establishment was outraged" by their early work and that people thought that he was "potentially a mad scientist". 300px In 1981, Fishel, Robert Edwards and other colleagues at Bourn Hall organised the first international IVF conference, which was attended by pioneering clinicians and scientists from around the world. Shortly after this, Fishel's colleague Robert Edwards would co-found the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and establish the journal Human Reproduction to enable greater reporting of developments and breakthroughs in the field. Fishel's work has included numerous breakthroughs.
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Serres' scientific work was influenced by the theories of Lorenz Oken (1779–1851), Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), and especially Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844). With German anatomist, Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781–1833), the supposed "Meckel-Serres Law" is obtained. This was a theory that attempted to provide a link between comparative embryology and a "pattern of unification" in the organic world. It was based on a belief that within the entire animal kingdom there was a single unified body-type, and that during development, the organs of higher animals matched the forms of comparable organs in lower animals.
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First-year students undertake the study of Biomedical Science and Health, Ethics and Society, which provide an introduction to the scientific, sociological and behavioural principles for the practice of medicine. Clinical communication and resuscitation skills are also taught. Students get early patient communication exposure through placements at GP practices, and have the opportunity to investigate a chosen healthcare issue in a clinical setting during Student Selected Component 1. During the first semester, to December, students are taught the 'fundamentals of medicine' which constists of all the basics including genetics, embryology, anatomy, cytology, neuroscience, neoplasia, infection and immunity and pharmacology.
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Ashok is a board certified Clinical Laboratory Director (HCLD) in Andrology by the American Board of Bioanalysis and an Inspector for the College of American Pathologists "Reproductive Laboratory Program" for accreditation of Andrology and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Laboratories. He has served as the Chairman of Board of the American College of Embryology from 2009 to 2012. He is the Director of the highly successful Summer Internship Course in Reproductive Medicine. In the last 13 years, over 320 pre-med and medical students from across the United States and overseas have graduated from this highly successful annual program.
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Later on, he served as an assistant to François Jules Pictet de la Rive at the Geneva Academy, where in 1862 he became a professor of comparative anatomy. He was a regular contributor to the Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles.Claparède, René-Edouard Historischen Lexikon der Schweiz Statue of René-Édouard Claparède, at place Claparède in Geneva His main research dealt with the structure of infusoria, the anatomy of annelids, the histology of earthworms, the embryology of arthropods and the evolution of spiders. Species with the epithet of claparedii commemorate his name, an example being the sea anemone Edwardsia claparedii.
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During differentiation, pluripotent cells make a number of developmental decisions to generate first the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) of the embryo and intermediate progenitors, followed by subsequent decisions or check points, giving rise to all the body's mature tissues. The differentiation process can be modeled as sequence of binary decisions based on probabilistic or stochastic models. Developmental biology and embryology provides the basic knowledge of the cell types' differentiation through mutation analysis, lineage tracing, embryo micro-manipulation and gene expression studies. Cell differentiation and tissue organogenesis involve a limited set of developmental signaling pathways.
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In 1934 she left Columbia and until 1937 worked in the Department of Histology and Embryology at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. In 1938 she conducted important experiments which involved exposing female guinea pig foetuses to testosterone. She showed for the first time that this can give rise to an increase of masculine sexual behavior in adulthood. Danchakoff published many books as well as scientific papers, possibly her last publications being Le sexe; rôle de l'hérédité et des hormones dans sa réalisation in 1949 and Effects of cancer provoking chemical substances on gravid guinea pigs and their fruits in 1950.
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Joseph Needham’s interest in the history of Chinese science developed while he worked as an Embryologist at Cambridge University. At the time, Needham had already published works relating to the history of science, including his 1934 book titled A History of Embryology, and was open to expanding his historical scientific knowledge. Needham's first encounter with Chinese culture occurred in 1937 when three Chinese medical students arrived to work with him at the Cambridge Biochemical Laboratory. Needham's interest in Chinese civilization and scientific progress grew as a result and led him to learn Chinese from his students.
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O'Brien said, while criticising a parliamentary bill on embryology in 2008, that he carried an organ donor card. O'Brien suffered from heart problems and was fitted with a pacemaker after complaining of dizzy spells and fainting prior to Passion Sunday Mass in March 2008. When he announced that he would not attend the 2013 conclave he said "Approaching the age of 75 and at times in indifferent health, I tendered my resignation as Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh to Pope Benedict XVI some months ago." O'Brien died after a fall on 19 March 2018, two days after his 80th birthday.
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Gustaf Retzius published more than 300 scientific works in anatomy, embryology, eugenics, craniometry, zoology and botany. He gave his name to the 60 micrometer-diameter Retzius cells in the central nervous system of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis). During his time at the Karolinska Institute, he made important contributions to anatomical descriptions of the muscles of the eardrum, the bones of the middle ear, and the Eustachian tube. His 1896 2-volume work Das Menschenhirn (The Human Brain) was perhaps the most important treatise written on the gross anatomy of the human brain during the 19th century.
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The judge in this case did not accept the definition of 'treatment' proposed by BPAS, but confirmed that the Secretary of State for Health has the power to approve women's homes as a 'class of place' where certain abortion drugs could be taken. In 2008 BPAS, along with other organisations in the Voice for Choice network, called for improvements to the abortion law during the Parliamentary debate over the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (HFE) Bill. The government guillotined discussion of the HFE Bill in such a way that proposed clauses related to abortion could not be debated.
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BPAS continued to store donor sperm and to carry out treatments until the HFEA came into being in 1993. Although it never carried out treatments under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, the BPAS held a storage licence until the end of 1997. In central London, the Pregnancy Advisory Service (PAS), also carried out treatments using donor sperm (ICI, or intracervical inseminations) before the passing of the Act. Established primarily to facilitate abortions after 1968 with a clinic in Rosslyn Road, Twickenham and premises in Fitzroy Square, London, this organisation operated a donor insemination service from its premises in Charlotte Street, London W1.
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His studies span animals and humans, from the identification of novel ion channels specific to fertilization, the fertilization channels, to processes leading to blastocyst formation in the human embryo Dr Dale has developed and patented with Jacques Cohen equipment that filter and regulate air quality in IVF laboratories( CODA) used worldwide today to improve the success rates in human in vitro reproductive technologies. He is founder and Editor in Chief of the International peer review journal of embryology, Zygote, published by Cambridge University Press and was visiting professor and visiting scientist at the University of Western Australia and NIH respectively.
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When the cementoid reaches the full thickness needed, the cementoid surrounding the cementocytes becomes mineralized, or matured, and is then considered cementum. Because of the apposition of cementum over the dentin, the dentinocemental junction (DCJ) is formed.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 170-171 After the apposition of cementum in layers, the cementoblasts that do not become entrapped in cementum line up along the cemental surface along the length of the outer covering of the periodontal ligament. These cementoblasts can form subsequent layers of cementum if the tooth is injured.
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In Spanish Philippines, childbirth were managed by the traditional matrona (a type of comadrona or midwife), by the mediquillos, and by some parish priests. Childbearing manuals written during the period include Fr. Julian Bermejo's Instrucciones para las Parteras, a fin de evitar los abortos y que los niños que mueran sin el bautismo (Instructions for Midwives to Prevent Abortion and Death of Unbaptised Babies) and Fr. Gregorio Sanz's Embologia Sagrada (Sacred Embryology). Bermejo's Instrucciones was the "earliest attempt" to manage fatal childbirthing complications. surgery The benefit of general surgical procedures was not available to common Filipinos during the Spanish era.
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In 2005 and early 2006, the group campaigned alongside other Christian bodies to stop the Religious Hatred Bill. The bill was passed, with amendments in the House of Lords.Religious Hatred Bill victory, Christian Concern, 31 January 2006 In 2006 and 2007 they opposed segments of the Sexual Orientation Regulations, organising a rally outside Parliament and a petition which gained over 10,000 signatures, on the grounds that they claimed the new law would "discriminate heavily" against Christians. From autumn 2007, they campaigned against some clauses in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill, organising a demonstration outside Parliament in January 2008.
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There was widespread action across the country to oppose any attempts to restrict choice via the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill (now Act) in Parliament (Report Stage and Third Reading 22 October 2008). MPs voted to retain the current legal limit of 24 weeks. Amendments proposing reductions to 22 weeks and 20 weeks were defeated by 304 to 233 votes and 332 to 190 votes respectively. A number of pro-choice amendments were proposed by Diane Abbott MP, Katy Clark MP and John McDonnell MP \- including NC30 Amendment of the Abortion Act 1967: Application to Northern Ireland.
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George was Professor of Biology at Guilford College from 1916 to 1917. He was a Maude Fellow at Princeton University in 1918. He became an Adjunct Professor of Biology at the University of Georgia in 1919, and an Associate Professor of Historology and Embryology at the University of Tennessee from 1919 to 1920. George returned to his alma mater, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was Associate Professor of Anatomy from 1920 to 1924, and Chair of the Department of Anatomy from 1940 to 1949 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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Holtfreter was born on January 9, 1901, in Richtenberg, Pomerania, Germany, as the only son and second out of three children.(Gerhart 1998) As a child, he captured animals (including butterflies) and made drawings of them, and after graduating from the Realgymnasium, he wanted to enter field biology. Upon beginning this path at the University of Rostock and the University of Leipzig, he eventually moved to the University of Freiburg in order to study under Doflein, a famous naturalist who died soon after Holtfreter transferred. His new thesis advisor was Dr. Hans Spemann, who introduced Holtfreter to his eventual field of study: embryology.
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Comparative vertebrate embryology. The embryonic disc becomes oval and then pear-shaped, the wider end being directed forward. Towards the narrow, posterior end, an opaque primitive streak, is formed and extends along the middle of the disc for about half of its length; at the anterior end of the streak there is a knob-like thickening termed the primitive node or knot, (known as Hensen's knot in birds). A shallow groove, the primitive groove, appears on the surface of the streak, and the anterior end of this groove communicates by means of an aperture, the blastopore, with the yolk sac.
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However, on 15 November 2001, a pro-life group won a High Court legal challenge, which struck down the regulation and effectively left all forms of cloning unregulated in the UK. Their hope was that Parliament would fill this gap by passing prohibitive legislation. Parliament was quick to pass the Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 in order to explicitly prohibit reproductive cloning. The remaining gap with regard to therapeutic cloning was closed when the appeals courts reversed the previous decision of the High Court. The act was repealed and replaced by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008.
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In it, Mayzel discusses Cohnheim's claims that during inflammation, leukocytes exit blood vessels and take part in the formation of pus. After receiving a diploma cum eximia laude, Mayzel took up a position of a lab assistant in Hoyer's Histology and Embryology faculty, instructing students in microscope usage, and conducting his own research. While observing epithelium regeneration, he noticed that nuclei of some of the newly formed cells feature unknown to him grains and fibers. He then, in 1874, informed the Warsaw Medical Association about his research so as to be credited in case an important discovery is made.
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His publications reveal a special interest in cell division, embryology, and cell interactions. One article, Beziehungen des Lymphdruckes zu den Erscheinungen der Regeneration und des Wachstums (Relations of the pressure of the lymph to the phenomena of regeneration and growth), encroaches on topics of Dr Barfurth's special expertise, and perhaps the investigation was undertaken as a challenge to him. Reinke in 1904 His focus on investigational work at the expense of teaching was to be the final irritant in his relationship with Barfurth. On October 1, 1904, Barfurth suspended Reinke as demonstrator of the Institute of Anatomy for misconduct.
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For microanatomy, known as histology, a similar standard exists in Terminologia Histologica, and for embryology, the study of development, a standard exists in Terminologia Embryologica. These standards specify generally accepted names that can be used to refer to histological and embryological structures in journal articles, textbooks, and other areas. As of September 2016, two sections of the Terminologia Anatomica, including central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, were merged to form the Terminologia Neuroanatomica. Recently, the Terminologia Anatomica has been perceived with a considerable criticism regarding its content including coverage, grammar and spelling mistakes, inconsistencies, and errors.
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On 28 September 2009, legislation allowing same-sex couples to adopt children in Scotland came into force. At the same time, the Looked After Children (Scotland) Regulations 2009 came into effect, which allows same-sex couples to be considered as foster parents on the same basis as anyone else. The legal position regarding co-parenting arrangements where a gay man/couple donates sperm to a lesbian couple is complex. Following the changes implemented by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, lesbian couples who conceive with donated sperm are likely to be treated as both being the parents of their child.
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Eakin retired in 1977 and was honored with the Berkeley Citation, the highest honor given to Berkeley faculty. He continued to periodically perform his lectures in character until 1988, and also taught embryology at several historically black colleges and universities in the southern U.S., including Tougaloo College, Mississippi; Talladega College and Tuskegee University, Alabama; and Fisk University in Tennessee. Eakin was a member of the First Congregational Church of Berkeley for over 60 years, where his first wife, Mary Mulford Eakin – ordained by the United Church of Christ – was associate minister. He co-authored a history of the church in 1999.
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At least nine genes in the Hox complex has been lost in Fugu when compared to present mammalian complexes. This data demonstrates that gene loss of prototypical Hox clusters is a defining feature in both tetrapod and fish evolution. "'Shocking' developments in chick embryology: electroporation and in ovo gene expression" (1999) This paper focuses on new approaches to the analysis of gene expression through the use of electroporation. This work focuses on the protocol for electroporation, how it can be applied to differing organisms, and the future experiments that could be conducted through the use of electroporation.
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His industry in every department was great: not only did he produce commentaries and paraphrases of the entire Aristotelian corpus, including his scientific works, but Albert also added to and improved upon them. His books on topics like botany, zoology, and minerals included information from ancient sources, but also results of his own empirical investigations. These investigations pushed several of the special sciences forward, beyond the reliance on classical texts. In the case of embryology, for example, it has been claimed that little of value was written between Aristotle and Albert, who managed to identify organs within eggs.
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Leather's public appointments have led some commentators to question the motives of those who appointed her, as they were not elected posts. The Adam Smith Institute accused her of pursuing a "political agenda" against private education on behalf of politicians who lacked the "moral courage" to tackle the issue themselves. During her tenure at the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, she faced opposition for stating that a child's absolute need for a father figure was "anachronistic" and out of step with "changes in society"."IVF 'father figure' law attacked", bbc.co.uk, 21 January 2004; accessed 15 June 2014.
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James R. Griesemer is Professor and current Chair of the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, Davis in Davis, California. He received his PhD in 1983 in the Conceptual Foundations of Science at the University of Chicago. His research focuses on the history and philosophy of biology, including models and practices in museum-based natural history, laboratory-based ecology, units of inheritance and selection in evolutionary biology, and visual representation in embryology and genetics. He was President of the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology from 2007 to 2009.
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The gland is particularly well developed in dogs, foxes and boars, though in other mammals, such as bulls, it can be small and inconspicuous.Nelsen, O. E. (1953) Comparative embryology of the vertebrates Blakiston, page 31. In other animals, such as small ruminants, the prostate is disseminate, meaning not specifically localisable as a distinct tissue, but present throughout the relevant part of the urethra; other animals such as red deer and American elk it may be present as a specific organ and in a disseminate form. In some marsupial species, the size of the prostate gland changes seasonally.
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Anatomical Sciences Education is a peer-reviewed journal that provides an international forum for the exchange of ideas, opinions, innovations and research on topics related to education in the anatomical sciences of gross anatomy, embryology, histology, and neurosciences at all levels of anatomical sciences education including, undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, allied health, medical (both allopathic and osteopathic), and dental. It is the official publication of the American Association of Anatomists. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.759, ranking it 3rd out of 41 journals in the category "Education, Scientific Disciplines".
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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) refers to genetic profiling of embryos prior to implantation (as a form of embryo profiling), and sometimes even of oocytes prior to fertilization. When used to screen for a specific genetic sequence, its main advantage is that it avoids selective pregnancy termination, as the method makes it highly likely that a selected embryo will be free of the condition under consideration. In the UK, AIS appears on a list of serious genetic diseases that may be screened for via PGD.PGD conditions licensed by the HFEA , Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, 1 October 2014.
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The idea of recapitulation was first formulated in biology from the 1790s onwards by the German natural philosophers Johann Friedrich Meckel and Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer, and by Étienne Serres after which, Marcel Danesi states, it soon gained the status of a supposed biogenetic law. The embryological theory was formalised by Serres in 1824–26, based on Meckel's work, in what became known as the "Meckel-Serres Law". This attempted to link comparative embryology with a "pattern of unification" in the organic world. It was supported by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, and became a prominent part of his ideas.
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Brues studied at the University of Texas at Austin and at Columbia University. He was appointed field agent of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture 1904-05, curator of invertebrate zoology at the Milwaukee Public Museum 1905-09, and then became instructor in economic entomology at Harvard University. His contributions on embryology and the habits of insects, notably Hymenoptera (ants, bees, etc.) and Diptera (mosquitoes, flies, fleas, etc.) are highly instructive. He was editor of the Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society 1907-09, and in 1910 was appointed editor of Psyche, a journal of entomology.
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Lydia and Anna Gurwitsch Gurwitsch was Professor of Histology and Embryology at Moscow University from 1924 to 1929 but fell afoul of the communist party and was forced to relinquish the chair. He then directed a laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad from 1930 until 1945, though he was forced to evacuate during World War 2. In 1941 he was awarded a Stalin Prize for his mitogenetic radiation work since it had apparently led to a cheap and simple way of diagnosing cancer. He was director of the Institute of Experimental Biology in Leningrad from 1945 to 1948.
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Most anatomical and embryological textbooks say that after adopting a final position, the ascending and descending mesocolons disappear during embryogenesis. Embryology—An Illustrated Colour Text, "most of the mid-gut retains the original dorsal mesentery, though parts of the duodenum derived from the mid- gut do not. The mesentery associated with the ascending colon and descending colon is resorbed, bringing these parts of the colon into close contact with the body wall." In The Developing Human, the author states, "the mesentery of the ascending colon fuses with the parietal peritoneum on this wall and disappears; consequently the ascending colon also becomes retroperitoneal".
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Poulton also discusses the lobster moth caterpillar. Chapter 15 Colours Produced by Courtship. : Poulton discusses sexual selection in birds, butterflies and moths, and spiders, which he treats as another process alongside but supordinate to natural selection, with arguments against the views of Alfred Russel Wallace. He notes that it was remarkable that biological research since Darwin had focussed mainly on comparative anatomy and embryology, whereas Darwin himself was interested in "questions which concern the living animal as a whole", and observes that there are "comparatively few true naturalists", as opposed to "anatomists, microscopists, systematists, or collectors".
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Google Books The Genesee Conodonts: with descriptions of new species by William Letchworth Bryant] In the spring of 1888, he relocated to St. Petersburg, where he served as a private tutor until 1895. Afterwards, he was an associate professor of histology (later for embryology) at the Karl- Ferdinands-Universität in Prague. In February 1903, he attained a full professorship of histology and embryology.Biographical information based on a translation from an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia His name is associated with "Rohon-Beard cells", defined as large mechanosensory neurons found in the dorsal spinal cord of fishes and amphibians.
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This effectively launched the start of experimental embryology in the Soviet Union. He also conducted research on the development of the eye (1925-1936) and on the differentiation of limbs (1927-1932). The main focus of his research was to derive, by experimental study, the laws of individual development in the embryo, as well as the evolution of formative interactions during gestation. Dmitriy Filatov’s discoveries include the dependent development of certain mesenchymal skull buds, the importance of limb bud volume for triggering differentiation, the nonspecificity of the first stages of extremity development and the peculiarities of certain species during lens formation.
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In the early 19th century Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) proposed his theory of the transmutation of species, the first fully formed theory of evolution. In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor. Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection: it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology.
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An exception to this was Germany, where both August Weismann and Ernst Haeckel championed this idea: Haeckel used evolution to challenge the established tradition of metaphysical idealism in German biology, much as Huxley used it to challenge natural theology in Britain. Haeckel and other German scientists would take the lead in launching an ambitious programme to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life based on morphology and embryology. Darwin's theory succeeded in profoundly altering scientific opinion regarding the development of life and in producing a small philosophical revolution. However, this theory could not explain several critical components of the evolutionary process.
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Several verses in the Qur'an are believed to describe miracles -- the splitting of the moon, and assistance of angels given to Muslims at the Battle of Badr. According to the theory of "scientific miracles in the Quran", the Quran abounds with scientific facts which appeared centuries before their discovery by science. This demonstrates according to supporters that the Quran must be of divine origin. Among these miracles said to be found in the Quran are "everything, from relativity, quantum mechanics, Big Bang theory, black holes and pulsars, genetics, embryology, modern geology, thermodynamics, even the laser and hydrogen fuel cells".
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New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 7 February 2019 As regards the time when the individual soul is created, philosophical speculation varies. The traditional philosophy of the Roman Catholic Church holds that the rational soul is created at the moment when it is infused into the new organism. Thomas Aquinas, following Aristotle's embryology, taught that rational soul is created when the antecedent principles of life have rendered the foetus an appropriate organism for rational life, though some time is required after birth before the sensory organs are sufficiently developed to assist in the functions of intelligence.
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All the same, he has created a data base bank with free access about the endometrial receptivity managed by the University of Valencia. Finally thanks to the funding of an excellence project PROMETEO to research the origin of the endometrial stem cells in human, he has been the first scientific in discovering that the endometrial stem cells isolated are able to reconstruct the human endometrium. Since 2001 his works in human embryology have allowed him to expand his research in the field of pluripotencial cells, resulting in the derivation, characterization, publication and registration in the National Bank of Stem Cells Lines.
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He adds that it is strange that nature has produced on the leaves of the flower shell-like organs in which honey is produced. Malpighi had success in tracing the ontogeny of plant organs, and the serial development of the shoot owing to his instinct shaped in the sphere of animal embryology. He specialized in seedling development, and in 1679, he published a volume containing a series of exquisitely drawn and engraved images of the stages of development of Leguminosae (beans) and Cucurbitaceae (squash, melons). Later, he published material depicting the development of the date palm.
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Morgan changed his work from traditional, largely descriptive morphology to an experimental embryology that sought physical and chemical explanations for organismal development.Allen, Thomas Hunt Morgan, pp 55-59, 72-80 At the time, there was considerable scientific debate over the question of how an embryo developed. Following Wilhelm Roux's mosaic theory of development, some believed that hereditary material was divided among embryonic cells, which were predestined to form particular parts of a mature organism. Driesch and others thought that development was due to epigenetic factors, where interactions between the protoplasm and the nucleus of the egg and the environment could affect development.
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Reddick returned to Morehouse, and became the first female to act as chair of the biology department, later promoted to full professor. In 1952, Reddick was possibly the first African-American woman to receive a Ford Foundation science fellowship to study abroad, studying embryology at the School of Anatomy at Cambridge University. She returned to the US in 1953, and joined the faculty at the University of Atlanta, with the rank of full professor and named chair of the biology department. During the 1950s and 1960s she supervised the research of more than 20 students, including Luther Williams.
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Accepting a personal request from William H. Welch, Mall returned to Baltimore in 1893 and set up the Department of Anatomy at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Mall became the first professor of Anatomy, continuing his research on organ structure and embryology. Mall was also given the freedom to run the department and teach according to his ideals of medical education; his focus on explorative learning led him to set up a dissection teaching laboratory that was conveniently located close to the neighborhood abattoir. During his tenure, Mall advanced the methods and conditions employed to preserve biological material.
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The Abortion Act 1967 makes foetal abortion legal in specific circumstances when conducted in accordance with the regulations of the act.Smith and Hogan, 12th edition, p.568 The 1967 Act—as for added clarity amended by s37 of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990—explicitly notes that abortions performed under the terms of the 1967 Act are not offences under the 1929 Act. :No offence under the Infant Life (Preservation) Act 1929 shall be committed by a registered medical practitioner who terminates a pregnancy in accordance with the provisions of this Act [the Abortion Act].
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Abella, along with Rebecca de Guarna, specialized in the area of embryology. She published two treatises: De atrabile (On Black Bile) and De natura seminis humani (on the Nature of the Seminal Fluid), neither of which survive today. In Salvatore De Renzi's nineteenth-century study of the Salerno School of Medicine, Abella is one of four women (along with Rebecca de Guarna, Mercuriade, and Constance Calenda) mentioned who were known to practice medicine, lecture on medicine, and wrote treatises. These attributes placed Abella into a group of women known as the Mulieres Salernitanae, or women of Salerno.
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He worked for two years as graduate fellow in Clark University, Massachusetts, and became assistant professor of biology at the University of Texas at Austin, where after two years he was dismissed for libeling a member of the board of regents. He was made full professor at the University of Cincinnati in 1894 and remained there six years. From 1900 to 1910 he was the J. Pierpont Morgan Professor of Natural History in Trinity College, Connecticut. He then moved to University of Southern California where he was associate professor of biology (1911–1912), and Professor of Embryology and Histology (1912–1913).
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Hawkridge was able to arrange berths for Marshall on fishing boats during his vacation, which allowed Marshall to visit the waters off Iceland three times and Bear Island and the Faroes once each. It was on these voyages that Marshall was first introduced to the macrourid fish on which he would become an authority. These trips may have had some influence on Marshall's decision to give up embryology and to apply for a post as a marine biologist in Hull. Marshall was appointed to be part of Alister Hardy's Department of Zoology and Oceanography at University College, Hull in 1937.
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He returned to Munich and LMU the following year, where he headed the UVF Laboratory and served as Senior Research Embryonologist and Senior Research Associate. In 2003, he moved to England and Newcastle University as a University Reader in Embryology & Stem Cell Biology at the Medical School's Institute of Human Genetics. In August 2004, he was granted the first licence to use nuclear transfer embryos to derive human embryonic stem cells in Europe, and in the following month, he became the Deputy Director of the Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics at the University of Newcastle. Ulrich Bahnsen: Lizenz zum Klonen.
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Assaky's contributions were primarily in the fields of anatomy, physiology, embryology, surgery and gynecology, and his work was cited in numerous treatises of medicine and surgery. He was among the first Romanian surgeons to introduce modern principles of asepsis, antisepsis and a properly equipped operating room, as well as techniques of general surgery. His chief work, the doctoral thesis, received a prize from the Académie Nationale de Médecine; it reveals his method as being a precursor of nerve surgery and of experimental techniques in the field. Also in 1886, he published research into the influence of mechanical conditions on nerve growth.
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After completing her doctoral work, Loring spent five years studying and lecturing on embryology and neurobiology at UC Davis before moving to Hana Biologics in 1987. As staff scientist at Hana Biologics, Loring's work included study of cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. Loring remained in the biotechnology for more than 10 years. She then began to focus on the intersection of genomics with stem cells as a senior scientist at GenPharm International (1989–1995), senior research fellow at Molecular Dynamics (1995–1997), senior director at Incyte Genomics (1997–2001) and as chief scientific officer and founder at Arcos BioScience (1997-2003).
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After graduating from Rockefeller University in 1972 she joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles, where she did research into nuclear RNA. She moved in 1978 to the Carnegie Institution for Science in Baltimore, Maryland, worked on developmental biology at the Department of Embryology, where she pioneered DNA sequencing and worked out the nucleotide sequence of the first complete gene. In 1978, she also joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University Biology Department, where she worked on the molecular characterization of maize transposable elements or jumping genes, for which Barbara McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1983.
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Shore undertakes research into fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a genetic disease that causes bone tissue to form outside the skeleton, known as heterotopic ossification. In 1992, Shore and Frederick Kaplan initiated the FOP Research Laboratory. Kaplan hired Shore because of her experience as a geneticist--she researched fruit fly larvae as a graduate student and studied mammalian embryology as a postdoctoral researcher. In 2006, Shore and Kaplan published their findings on the genetic mutation that causes FOP as a paper entitled "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva".
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Linguistically, in the term "acrocephalosyndactyly", acro is Greek for "peak", referring to the "peaked" head that is common in the syndrome; cephalo, also from Greek, is a combining form meaning "head"; syndactyly refers to webbing of fingers and toes. In embryology, the hands and feet have selective cells that die in a process called selective cell death, or apoptosis, causing separation of the digits. In the case of acrocephalosyndactyly, selective cell death does not occur and skin, and rarely bone, between the fingers and toes fuses. The cranial bones are affected as well, similar to Crouzon syndrome and Pfeiffer syndrome.
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In addition to the Department of Embryology, BioEYES is located at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, PA; Monash University in Melbourne, Australia; the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, UT; and the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, IN. Until the 1960s the department's emphasis was human embryo development. Since then the researchers have addressed fundamental questions in animal development and genetics at the cellular and molecular levels. Some researchers investigate the genetic programming behind cellular processes as cells develop, while others explore the genes that control growth and obesity, stimulate stem cells to become specialized body parts, and perform many other functions.
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The Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah is an organization established to publicize what it calls "Scientific Signs found in the Quran and Sunna", i.e. references to what it believes are numerous discoveries of science (everything from relativity, quantum mechanics, Big Bang theory, genetics, embryology, to the laser) found in the Quran and Sunnah). It was founded by Sheikh Abdul Majeed al-Zindani with the backing of the Muslim World League in 1984 in Saudi Arabia. The commission is also known as "World Book and Sunnah Association", The International Commission,Online Project Spotlights Science in Qur’an, Sunnah or World Commission on Scientific Signs of the Qur'an and Sunnah.
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Carlo Giacomini Carlo Giacomini (Sale, 29 November 1840 – Torino, 5 July 1898), was a noted Italian anatomist, neuroscientist, and a professor at the University of Turin who also made significant contributions in anthropology and embryology. He worked with the physiologist, Angelo Mosso (1846-1910), which led to the first recording of human brain pulsations. Giacomini vein, a lower limb vein, and the band of Gaicomini, a band of uncus gyri parahippocampalis he discovered in 1882, and the Giacomini vertebrae are named after him. He contributed anthropological research regarding differences among human races, and also took an interest in teratology linked to the various cases.
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Alice Abadam, suffragist, Middleton Hall Carmarthen By 1916, Abadam was chair of the Federated Council of Suffrage Councils. In 1920, Abadam founded the Feminist League with a wide debating agenda and lending library on topics related to feminism but also including freemasonry, embryology and witches. In the 1920s the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society (which had become the St. Joan's International Alliance) promoted the Equal Franchise Bill and celebrated its passing into law in 1928, with a Mass in Westminster Cathedral and a procession of Protestant and Catholic suffragists including Millicent Fawcett, Charlotte Despard, Virginia Crawford, Elisabeth Christitch and Leonara di Alberti and Alice Abadam (who was by then aged seventy-two).
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With the > discovery of the importance of regulatory genes, we realize that he was > ahead of his time in focusing on the importance of a few genes controlling > big changes in the organisms, not small-scales changes in the entire genome > as neo-Darwinians thought. In addition, the hopeful monster problem is not > so insurmountable after all. Embryology has shown that if you affect an > entire population of developing embryos with a stress (such as a heat shock) > it can cause many embryos to go through the same new pathway of embryonic > development, and then they all become hopeful monsters when they reach > reproductive age.Donald Prothero. (2007).
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204 In addition to his international and humanist concerns, his research interests covered evolution in all its aspects, ethology, embryology, genetics, anthropology and to some extent the infant field of cell biology. Julian's eminence as an advocate for evolution, and especially his contribution to the modern evolutionary synthesis, led to his awards of the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1956, and the Darwin–Wallace Medal of the Linnaean Society in 1958. 1958 was the centenary anniversary of the joint presentation On the tendency of species to form varieties; and the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection by Darwin and Wallace.Bowler, Peter J. 2003.
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From 1990 to 1997, he was a member of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and held the position of chair of the BMA Steering Group on Ethics and Genetics. He was also a member of the Broadcasting Standards Commission and is a former chair of the Scottish Arts Council and Sistema Scotland. Holloway has been a reviewer and writer for the broadsheet press for several years, including The Times, The Guardian, The Independent, Sunday Herald and The Scotsman. He is also a frequent presenter on radio and television, having hosted the BBC television series When I Get to Heaven, Holloway's Road and The Sword and the Cross.
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Max Born was born on 11 December 1882 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), which at the time of Born's birth was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia in the German Empire, to a family of Jewish descent. He was one of two children born to Gustav Born, an anatomist and embryologist, who was a professor of embryology at the University of Breslau, and his wife Margarethe (Gretchen) née Kauffmann, from a Silesian family of industrialists. She died when Max was four years old, on 29 August 1886. Max had a sister, Käthe, who was born in 1884, and a half- brother, Wolfgang, from his father's second marriage, to Bertha Lipstein.
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Smith (1898), pp. 39–41. Harvard appointed him professor of zoology and geology, and he founded the Museum of Comparative Zoology there in 1859, serving as the museum's first director until his death in 1873. During his tenure at Harvard, Agassiz studied the effect of the last ice age on North America. Agassiz continued his lectures for the Lowell Institute. In succeeding years, he gave lectures on "Ichthyology" (1847–48 season), "Comparative Embryology" (1848–49), "Functions of Life in Lower Animals" (1850–51), "Natural History" (1853–54), "Methods of Study in Natural History" (1861–62), "Glaciers and the Ice Period" (1864–65), "Brazil" (1866–67), and "Deep Sea Dredging" (1869–70).
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This research spurred Le Douarin to publish her first book, The Neural Crest, in 1982. In the following years, she would gain membership to the French Academy of Science, and receive the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology for her work with avian chimeras. Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, Le Douarin would be admitted to multiple highly regarded scientific societies and received many additional awards in her field, including the Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine, the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize, and the Pearl Meister Greengard Prize. Le Douarin was Director of the Institute of Embryology at the C.N.R.S., replacing her mentor Etienne Wolf.
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Aristotle accepted and elaborated this idea, and his writings are the vector that transmitted it to later Europeans. Aristotle purported to analyse ontogeny in terms of the material, formal, efficient, and teleological causes (as they are usually named by later anglophone philosophy) - a view that, though more complex than some subsequent ones, is essentially more epigenetic than preformationist. Later, European physicians such as Galen, Realdo Colombo and Girolamo Fabrici would build upon Aristotle's theories, which were prevalent well into the 17th century. In 1651, William Harvey published On the Generation of Animals (Exercitationes de Generatione Animalium), a seminal work on embryology that contradicted many of Aristotle's fundamental ideas on the matter.
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Thomas R. Baldwin (born 1947) is a British philosopher and has been a professor of philosophy at the University of York since 1995. He has written generally on 20th century Analytic and Continental philosophy, as well as bioethics, the philosophy of language and of mind, particularly with regard to G. E. Moore, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Bertrand Russell. Baldwin studied at Cambridge University, gaining an MA and a PhD before lecturing at Makerere University and Cambridge. He was editor of Mind from 2005 to 2015 and has served as the president of the Aristotelian Society (2006–07) and as Deputy Chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.
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He did much modeling for medical colleges and made drawings for many persons; as Minot's Textbook of Embryology, Verrill's Marine Invertebrates, Scudder's Butterflies of New England, Peckham's papers on spiders, and many for the U. S. Fish Commission. He was active in various natural history organizations and became an important factor in furthering interest in local science. He began to travel more widely, visiting the West Indies in 1893 with Alexander Agassiz, going with Morse in 1902 to the Southern States, in 1905 to the Californian Mountains, in 1914 to the Canadian Rockies, in 1920 to the Hudson Bay Region. On these and numerous shorter trips he industriously collected spiders.
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The philosopher and statesman Zi Chan, realizing that Boyou's loss of hereditary office had caused his spirit to be deprived of sacrifices, reinstated his son to the family position, and the ghost disappeared. When a friend asked Zi Chan to explain ghosts, he gave what Yu calls "the locus classicus on the subject of the human soul in the Chinese tradition" (Yu 1972:372). Compare the translation of Needham and Lu, who interpret this as an early Chinese discourse on embryology. In 516 BCE (Duke Zhao, Year 20), the Duke of Song and a guest named Shusun were both seen weeping during a supposedly joyful gathering.
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Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, 10(4): p. 622-640 Importance: Gurdon's experiments challenged the dogma of the time which suggested that the nucleus of a differentiated cell is committed to their fate (Example: a liver cell nucleus remains a liver cell nucleus and cannot return to an undifferentiated state). Specifically, John Gurdon's experiments showed that a mature or differentiated cell nucleus can be returned to its immature undifferentiated form; this is the first instance of cloning of a vertebrate animal. Experiment: Gurdon used a technique known as nuclear transfer to replace the killed-off nucleus of a frog (Xenopus) egg with a nucleus from a mature cell (intestinal epithelial).
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The Life Sciences Research Foundation (LSRF) is a postdoctoral fellowship program, with missions "to identify and fund exceptional young scientists at a critical juncture of their training in all areas of basic life sciences" and "to establish partnerships between those who support research in the life sciences and academic institutions for their mutual benefit". LSRF was established in 1983 by Donald D. Brown of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology. As one of four highly competitive postdoctoral awards in the life sciences, each year LSRF receives more than 1000 applications and awards 15-25 fellowships. The Board of Directors also includes Douglas Koshland and Solomon H. Snyder.
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SLS members are involved in election campaigning in Scotland and across the UK, and the organisation mobilises its members to take part in campaigns in marginal seats across the country. In addition to this, for the first time in 2007/08 SLS ran its own issue-based priority campaign. 'Changing Perceptions - Homelessness' intended to challenge the perception young people have of the homeless in Scotland. In 2008 SLS ran a Pro Choice Lobbying Campaign against attempts during the passage of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill by Conservative Party MP Nadine Dorries to reduce the upper limit for abortions to 20 weeks from the current 24 weeks of pregnancy.
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He earned the critics' attention in the 1890s as a short story writer with a socialist and pacifist message, but only returned to fiction writing briefly, in the 1930s. An award-winning ichthyologist, Bujor was hired by the University of Iași, where he taught for 41 years, and throughout the period worked on documenting the Black Sea fauna, and made discoveries concerning the environment of Techirghiol Lake. He inaugurated the Romanian study of animal morphology, while also contributing to histology, embryology, and parasitology, and gave popular lectures on evolution and physical culture. Bujor rallied with the Poporanist movement, infiltrating the National Liberal Party from the left.
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Infection and graft-versus-host disease are major complications of allogeneic HSCT. In order to harvest stem cells from the circulating peripheral blood, blood donors are injected with a cytokine, such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), that induces cells to leave the bone marrow and circulate in the blood vessels. In mammalian embryology, the first definitive Hematopoietic stem cells are detected in the AGM (aorta- gonad-mesonephros), and then massively expanded in the fetal liver prior to colonising the bone marrow before birth. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases.
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After the birth of Louise Brown, the world's first IVF baby, in 1978, there was concern about the implications of this new technology. In 1982, the UK government formed a committee chaired by philosopher Mary Warnock to look into the issues and see what action needed to be taken. Hundreds of interested individuals including doctors, scientists and organisations such as health, patient and parent organisations as well as religious groups gave evidence to the committee. In the years following the Warnock report, proposals were brought forward by the government in the publication of a white paper Human Fertilisation and Embryology: A Framework for Legislation in 1987.
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Changes to the Abortion Act 1967 were introduced in Parliament through the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. The time limits were lowered from 28 to 24 weeks for most cases on the grounds that medical technology had advanced sufficiently to justify the change. Restrictions were removed for late abortions in cases of risk to life, fetal abnormality, or grave physical and mental injury to the woman. Some Members of Parliament claimed not to have been aware of the vast change the decoupling of the Infant Life Preservation Act 1929 would have on the Abortion Act 1967, particularly in relation to the unborn disabled child.
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He took his MA in 1881. In late 1879, Rolleston, the Linacre professor of anatomy and physiology, appointed Thomas junior demonstrator in human and comparative anatomy at the University Museum, Oxford, succeeding Edward Bagnall Poulton. His responsibilities included practical teaching of microscopic preparations, dissecting and practical classes in embryology as well as lecturing; his pupils included Frank Beddard (1858–1925) and Halford Mackinder (1861–1947). Under Rolleston's somewhat erratic supervision – his health was failing – Thomas was commissioned by the Royal Agricultural Society to investigate the sheep liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), a parasite flatworm that in the winter of 1879–80 had caused the loss of some three million sheep in England.
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In August 2009, she criticised the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 which conferred legal parenthood on a biological mother's female partner, saying "To have a birth certificate with two mothers and no father is just madness." Smith was a member of the All-Party Parliamentary Flag Group. On Wednesday 17 September 2008, Smith was interviewed by Tony Livesey on BBC Radio Lancashire's Breakfast Show; she attacked the so-called "Lancashire Mafia" for their plot against Prime Minister Gordon Brown, and accused those behind the scenes of being cowards. Smith narrowly lost her seat to the Conservative David Morris in the general election in May 2010.
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Hans Bluntschli (February 19, 1877 – July 13, 1962) was a Swiss anatomist. He received his medical degree from Heidelberg University in 1903, and taught at multiple universities before becoming the chair of anatomy and embryology in Bern in 1933, where he remained until his retirement in 1942. On expedition in 1931, he recovered two juvenile specimens of birds, which were identified in 1996 as a distinct species, but were later identified through genetic analysis to be specimens of white-throated oxylabes. His expeditions included the Amazon Rain Forest from 1912 to 1913, and Madagascar from 1932 to 1933, during which he recovered the specimens now know to be white-throated oxylabes.
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For enquiries of this kind, the word 'phenogenetics' was coined by Haecker [1918, ]. The second and more important part of the task is to discover the causal mechanisms at work, and to relate them as far as possible to what experimental embryology has already revealed of the mechanics of development. We might use the name 'epigenetics' for such studies, thus emphasizing their relation to the concepts, so strongly favourable to the classical theory of epigenesis, which have been reached by the experimental embryologists. We certainly need to remember that between genotype and phenotype, and connecting them to each other, there lies a whole complex of developmental processes.
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Ann Marie Furedi (; born 31 October 1960) is the chief executive of the British Pregnancy Advisory Service, the UK's largest independent abortion provider. Furedi has worked in pro-choice organisations for more than 20 years, mainly in policy and communications. She ran the press office of the UK Family Planning Association before leading Birth Control Trust, a charity that advocated the need for research and development in methods of contraception and abortion. Before joining BPAS, as its chief executive in June 2003, Furedi was Director of Policy and Communications for the UK regulator of infertility treatment and embryo research, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).
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One case of incest between twins, in which twins who were adopted by separate families as babies later married without knowing they were brother and sister, was mentioned in a House of Lords debate on the Human Fertility and Embryology Bill in January 2008. According to the charity Adults Affected by Adoption, there had been other cases of this sort that had involved siblings. The story was widely publicised in the British press, although its truthfulness was called into question. Czech identical twins Michal and Radek Čuma (also known as Milo and Elijah Peters) are male pornographic actors who performed together in video performances for BelAmi in 2009 and 2010.
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Up through the 19th century, the scope of biology was largely divided between medicine, which investigated questions of form and function (i.e., physiology), and natural history, which was concerned with the diversity of life and interactions among different forms of life and between life and non-life. By 1900, much of these domains overlapped, while natural history (and its counterpart natural philosophy) had largely given way to more specialized scientific disciplines—cytology, bacteriology, morphology, embryology, geography, and geology. In the course of his travels, Alexander von Humboldt mapped the distribution of plants across landscapes and recorded a variety of physical conditions such as pressure and temperature.
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He spent the first year in Chicago, the second at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole and finishing by studying Anatomy and Embryology in 1927–1928 at University College Hospital Medical School, under Grafton Elliot Smith. His scientific activity, after his work on the dura mater, focused on three areas: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the reform of medical education at the university level,Petrovanu, p.21 and the physiology of spontaneous movement (motility) in spermatozoa. Grigore T. Popa, "Sur la motilité des spermatozoïdes chez quelques vertébrés supérieurs (taureau, bélier, homme)", in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales, Vol.
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Mainly as a result of reforms following the Flexner Report of 1910 medical education in established medical schools in the US has generally not included alternative medicine as a teaching topic. Typically, their teaching is based on current practice and scientific knowledge about: anatomy, physiology, histology, embryology, neuroanatomy, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology and immunology. Medical schools' teaching includes such topics as doctor-patient communication, ethics, the art of medicine, and engaging in complex clinical reasoning (medical decision-making). Writing in 2002, Snyderman and Weil remarked that by the early twentieth century the Flexner model had helped to create the 20th-century academic health center, in which education, research, and practice were inseparable.
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The mesoderm extends to the midventral line Until about the ninth week of gestational age the external genitalia of males and females look the same, and follow a common development. This includes the development of a genital tubercle and a membrane dorsally to it, covering the developing urogenital opening, and the development of the labioscrotal fold, also called the urogenital fold, and the labioscrotal swelling.Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology 10th Ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015 , pp 267-69 Even after differentiation can be seen between the sexes, some stages are common, e.g. the disappearing of the membrane.
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Cartilage in the second pharyngeal arch is referred to as Reichert's cartilage and contributes to many structures in the fully developed adult.Sudhir, Sant, 2008.Embryology for Medical Students 2nd edition In contrast to the Meckel's cartilage of the first pharyngeal arch it does not constitute a continuous element, and instead is composed of two distinct cartilaginous segments joined by a faint layer of mesenchyme. Dorsal ends of Reichert's cartilage ossify during development to form the stapes of the middle ear before being incorporated into the middle ear cavity, while the ventral portion ossifies to form the lesser cornu and upper part of the body of the hyoid bone.
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Anton Dohrn and other naturalists in Heligoland His ideas changed in summer 1862 when he returned to study at Jena, where Ernst Haeckel introduced him to Darwin's work and theories. Dohrn became a fervent defender of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. At that time comparative embryology was the keystone of morphological evolutionary studies, based on Haeckel's recapitulation theory, the idea that an organism during its embryonic development passes through the major stages of the evolutionary past of its species. Morphology became one of the major ways in which zoologists sought to expand and develop Darwinian theory in the latter years of the 19th century.
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In holoprosencephaly the hemispheres of the cerebrum or part of it are not aligned on the left and right side but on the frontal and occipital side of the skull, and usually remains very small. According to the axial twist hypothesis, this represents an extreme case of Yakovlevian torque, and may occur when the cerebrum does not turn during early embryology. Cephalopagus or janiceps twins are conjoined twins which are born with two faces, one on either side of the head. These twins have two brains and two spinal chords, but these are located on the left and the right side of the body.
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He married Frances Williams Crane, whom he met at MBL, June 29, 1895. Crane was the daughter of wealthy Chicago businessman Richard T. Crane. Between 1899–1900 he was Professor of Biology at Vassar College but in 1900 he was called back to Chicago as Assistant Professor of Zoology, where he would spend the next thirty years. In 1906, at the age of 36, he became Professor of Embryology. In 1910 he succeeded Whitman as Chairman of the Department of Zoology and continued in that capacity until 1931. From 1931 to 1935 he was Dean of the Division of the Biological Sciences. While in Chicago, Lillie lived at this house.
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James A. Secord, in his study of the impact of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, argues that in some ways Vestiges had as much or more impact than Origin, at least into the 1880s. Focusing so much on Darwin and Origin, he argues, "obliterates decades of labor by teachers, theologians, technicians, printers, editors, and other researchers, whose work has made evolutionary debates so significant during the past two centuries." Darwin argued that his branching version of evolution explained a wealth of facts in biogeography, anatomy, embryology, and other fields of biology. He also provided the first cogent mechanism by which evolutionary change could persist: his theory of natural selection.
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1931 drawing of Thomas Hunt Morgan Morgan moved to California to head the Division of Biology at the California Institute of Technology in 1928. In establishing the biology division, Morgan wanted to distinguish his program from those offered by Johns Hopkins and Columbia, with research focused on genetics and evolution; experimental embryology; physiology; biophysics and biochemistry. He was also instrumental in the establishment of the Marine Laboratory at Corona del Mar. He wanted to attract the best people to the Division at Caltech, so he took Bridges, Sturtevant, Jack Shultz and Albert Tyler from Columbia and took on Theodosius Dobzhansky as an international research fellow.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity. Morgan received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in zoology in 1890 and researched embryology during his tenure at Bryn Mawr. Following the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance in 1900, Morgan began to study the genetic characteristics of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In his famous Fly Room at Columbia University, Morgan demonstrated that genes are carried on chromosomes and are the mechanical basis of heredity.
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Giuseppe Nazzareno Sterzi (1876-1919) was an Italian anatomist, neuroanatomist and medical historian. Although his research activity encompassed no more than fifteen years, the themes treated by Sterzi are relevant to neuroanatomy and history of anatomy. Sterzi’s research on comparative neuroanatomy and embryology were acknowledged by numerous contemporaries (Bardeleben, Chiarugi, Edinger, Eisler, Johnston, Krause, Nicolas, Obersteiner, Sobotta) and many of his discoveries were soon incorporated into anatomy textbooks. Sterzi was awarded several scientific prizes, among which were the ‘Premio Fossati’ of the Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e di Lettere, Milano in 1909 and the ‘Prix Lallemand’ of the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France, Paris in 1912.
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These developments, as well as the results from embryology and paleontology, were synthesized in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. In 1859, Darwin placed the theory of organic evolution on a new footing, by his discovery of a process by which organic evolution can occur, and provided observational evidence that it had done so. Darwin gave a new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them in a common biological theory: the theory of organic evolution. The result was a reconstruction of the classification of animals upon a genealogical basis, fresh investigation of the development of animals, and early attempts to determine their genetic relationships.
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She supported the training and education of nurses in Scotland and made the case for them taking up senior positions in medical services. She was proud of the fact that, at that time, Scotland produced 50 per cent of nurse graduates in the UK. In her professional capacity she sat on many boards and committees including as; a member of the Briggs Committee on Nursing (1972-1976), member of the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (1990–93), a member of the Committee on Ethics of Gene Therapy (1990-1993), and governor of the Board of Governors of Queen Margaret College (1989-2000), and as Chairperson from 1997-2000.
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Biotechnology involves modifying living organisms to serve human goals. Biological techniques are derived from a number of sciences including, biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, botany, zoology, microbiology and embryology to name a few. In 1987, a number of Canadian companies and university research organizations operating in the field of biotechnology established the Industrial Biotechnology Association of Canada, also known as BIOTECanada. In 2005, the industry consisted of companies offering biotechnologically based services and products in the following sectors: human health (262 firms), agriculture (89 firms), food processing (54 firms), environment (33 firms), bioinformatics (16 firms), natural resources (21 firms) and aquaculture (15 firms).
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In 1902 she began to teach in the Department of Anatomy at Johns Hopkins. By 1905 she was promoted to associate professor and finally appointed professor of embryology and histology in June 1917, the first woman to become a full professor at a medical college. In 1921, Sabin was named the first female president of the American Association of Anatomists. She continued her research on the origins of blood, blood vessels, blood cells, the histology of the brain, and the pathology and immunology of tuberculosis at Hopkins. In 1924, Sabin’s work on the origins of blood vessels earned her membership in the National Academy of Science.
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In 1873, Gage entered Cornell University and graduated in 1877 with a B. S. in Natural History after writing a thesis on the life history of the Cayuga Lake Stargazer (Cottus). As an undergraduate, Gage worked in the Department of Anatomy with Burt Green Wilder teaching in the newly introduced biology courses. In the fall of 1877, Gage became an instructor of Comparative Anatomy and Microscopy. In 1881, Gage became an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Lecturer in Microscopical Technology. In 1889, Gage became an Associate Professor of Physiology and Lecturer on Microscopical Technology and in 1893, Gage became an Associate Professor of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology.
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She was a contributor to the development of the UK’s first IVF programme. She served as nursing director of the Hallam Medical Centre, and was a founder member of the RCN Fertility Nurse Group that lobbied for the development of the current Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) Act. In 1992 she was named the first nurse appointed to the HFEA, which regulates and inspects all UK clinics providing IVF, donor insemination or the storage of eggs, sperm or embryos. In her current role as Director of the Multiple Births Foundation, she has contributed to significant change in public and professional perception and attitudes towards multiple births.
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Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University (), located in Odessa, Ukraine, is one of the country's major universities, named after the scientist Élie Metchnikoff (who studied immunology, microbiology, and evolutionary embryology), a Nobel prizewinner in 1908. The university was founded in 1865, by an edict of Tsar Alexander II of Russia reorganizing the Richelieu Lyceum of Odessa into the new Imperial Novorossiya University. In the Soviet era, the University was renamed Odessa I. I. Mechnikov State University (literally, "Odesa State University named after I. I. Mechnikov"). During the century and a half of its existence, the University has earned the reputation of being one of the best educational institutions in Ukraine.
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He now mentors studies on Molecular Evolution. After his retirement as a head of the department of Zoology from University of Pune, where he studied embryology, and also conceived and developed Department of Biotechnology (UoP) and National Facility for Animal Tissue and Cell Culture (NFATCC which later became NCCS, Pune), he was appointed as a G.N. Ramchandran Fellow at IGIB, New Delhi. He then continued his interest in research on classification and evolutionary 3D tree building that utilized more than a single gene. His notable discoveries include the demonstration of chick lens cell degeneration during normal development, which has later been termed apoptosis, and molecular phylogeny in 3D.
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Morgan was a particularly harsh critic of fields since the gene and the field were perceived as competitors for recognition as the basic unit of ontogeny. With the discovery and mapping of master control genes, such as the homeobox genes the pre-eminence of genes seemed assured. But in the late twentieth century the field concept was "rediscovered" as a useful part of developmental biology. It was found, for example, that different mutations could cause the same malformations, suggesting that the mutations were affecting a complex of structures as a unit, a unit that might correspond to the field of early 20th century embryology.
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He graduated from Hobart in 1926, and was awarded an honorary D.Sc. degree in 1940 for his medical discoveries at the University of Rochester. Allen studied medicine at the University of Rochester and supported himself by working as an assistant in his anatomy professor, George W. Corner’s embryology laboratory. Corner and Allen are credited with the discovery of progestin, the original name for progesterone and not to be confused with progestin, a synthetic progestogen, in 1930 and the first isolation of progesterone in 1933 (described below and in W.M. Allen "My Life with Progesterone", 2005 below). He graduated with honors in 1932. Allen received the first Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry in 1935.
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The UQTR and CMCC programs both include courses in anatomy, biochemistry, embryology, immunology, microbiology, neurology, clinical nutrition, pathology, physiology, principles of chiropractic, radiology, and other basic and clinical medical sciences. Pilot projects involving doctors of chiropractic in hospital emergency rooms in the province of Ontario were underway in 2011, but as of 2020 the website states chiropractors only see patients based on referral. Canadian Chiropractic Examining Board requires all candidates to complete a 12-month clinical internship to obtain licensure, as well as write a total of three exams in their fourth year of study. Candidates must successfully pass Components A and B (Written Cognitive Skills Examination) to be eligible for the Clinical Skills Examination.
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Carnegie scientists continue to be involved with scientific discovery. Composed of six scientific departments on the East and West Coasts, the Carnegie Institution for Science is involved presently with six main topics: Astronomy at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (Washington, D.C.) and the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (Pasadena, CA and Las Campanas, Chile); Earth and planetary science also at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and the Geophysical Laboratory (Washington, D.C.); Global Ecology at the Department of Global Ecology (Stanford, CA); Genetics and developmental biology at the Department of Embryology (Baltimore, MD); Matter at extreme states also at the Geophysical Laboratory; and Plant science at the Department of Plant Biology (Stanford, CA).
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In the late nineteenth, and first half of the twentieth century, doctors were taught that babies did not experience pain, and were treating their young patients accordingly. From needle sticks to tonsillectomies to heart operations were done with no anaesthesia or analgesia, other than muscle relaxation for the surgery. The belief was that in babies the expression of pain was reflexive and, owing to the immaturity of the infant brain, the pain could not really matter. Cope considers it probable that the belief arose from misinterpretation of discoveries made in the new science of embryology. Dr Paul Flechsig equated the non-myelinisation of much of a baby’s nervous system with an inability to function.
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The rostral neuropore or anterior neuropore is a region corresponding to the opening of the embryonic neural tube in the anterior portion of the developing prosencephalon. The central nervous system develops from the neural tube, which initially starts as a plate of cells in the ectoderm and this is called the neural plate, the neural plate then undergoes folding and starts closing from the center of the developing fetus, this leads to two open ends, one situated cranially/rostrally and the other caudally. Bending of the neural plate begins on day 22,Human Embryology, 4th edition, PA and the cranial neuropore closes on day 24.O'Rahilly R, Müller F. Bidirectional closure of the rostral neuropore in the human embryo].
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The Moscow Stomatological Institute (MSI) as a higher dental school was established under the Narkomzdrav's order dated June 9, 1935, as a subdivision within the SRISO's framework. Both institutions were housed in one building, sharing administration, finances and facilities. Thus, the MSI became the only institution in the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (RSFSR) that was to conduct scientific research in dentistry, translate the results obtained into everyday dental care practices and train dental professionals as well. Since 1935 a whole number of departments were being added to the institute those of normal anatomy, biology, general chemistry, histology, embryology, and, finally, in 1937 the departments of oral therapy, oral surgery and prosthodontics.
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Shearer, at right in middle horizontal row, with Victoria Hockey Club (of Baltimore) in 1895–1896. Cresswell Shearer, FRS (24 May 1874 - 6 February 1941), was a British zoologist and Cambridge lecturer in Experimental Embryology, where he motivated his students to develop a keen interest in hands-on research, inviting them to practical marine research experience at Plymouth Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom during the summer months. It is also where he and Dorothy J Lloyd worked as early pioneers on how to rear parthenogenetic sea-urchin larvae through metamorphosis. He also conducted research there with Harold Munro Fox and Walter de Morgan on the genetics of sea urchin hybrids.
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In 1907 he made a second attempt in the company of E. E. Galpin who had previously accompanied him on cycad-hunting trips to the Eastern Cape. His papers on the ecology, morphology and embryology of Welwitschia, led to a Cantabrigian DSc in 1907, which in turn led to a study of the closely related Gnetum, to which end he went on a collecting expedition to Angola in 1909. During this time he wrote an account of the Thymelaeaceae for the Flora of Tropical Africa. Living in Cape Town and keenly aware of the floristic wealth of the Cape Peninsula, Pearson had become an ardent campaigner for the establishing of a botanical garden.
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That act provided for a system of licensing for fertility clinics and procedures. It also provided that, where a male donates sperm at a licensed clinic in the UK and his sperm is used at a UK clinic to impregnate a female, the male is not legally responsible for the resulting child. The 1990 Act also established a UK central register of donors and donor births to be maintained by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (the 'HFEA'), a supervisory body established by the Act. Following the Act, for any act of sperm donation through a licensed UK clinic that results in a living child, information on the child and the donor must be recorded on the register.
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Evolutionary developmental biology has assembled evidence from embryology and genetics to show how evolution has acted at all scales from the whole organism down to individual genes, proteins and genetic switches. In the case of countershaded mammals with dark (often brownish) upper parts and lighter (often buff or whitish) under parts, such as in the house mouse, it is the Agouti gene which creates the difference in shading. Agouti encodes for a protein, the Agouti signalling peptide (ASP), which specifically inhibits the action of the Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). In the absence of the Agouti protein, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulates the cells bearing MC1R, melanocytes, to produce dark eumelanin, colouring the skin and fur dark brown or black.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan, an evolutionary biologist who also worked with embryology, argued that limb and tissue reformation bore many similarities to embryonic development. Building off of the work of German embryologist Wilhelm Roux, who suggested regeneration was two cooperative but distinct pathways instead of one, Morgan named the two parts of the regenerative process epimorphosis and morphallaxis. Specifically, Morgan wanted epimorphosis to specify the process of entirely new tissues being regrown from an amputation or similar injury, with morphallaxis being coined to describe regeneration that did not use cell proliferation, such as in hydra. The key difference between the two forms of regeneration is that epimorphosis involves cellular proliferation and blastema formation, whereas morphallaxis does not.
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It was at the age of 15 that his uncle introduced him to Emil Witschi, an internationally acclaimed embryologist, endocrinologist, and zoologist at the University of Iowa, who fanned Opitz' interest in embryology, genetics and evolution. After completing high school, Opitz' studied Zoology at the University of Iowa under Witschi's tutelage, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1956. With the approach of Witschi's retirement from the University of Iowa just previous to his graduation, Opitz wondered where he would go next as his previous plan had been to complete a PhD under Witschi. However, with some prodding from his mother, he was reluctantly persuaded to attend medical school at the University of Iowa.
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Adolfo Ferrata (26 April 1880 in Brescia – 9 March 1946) was an Italian pathologist and hematologist. In 1904 he earned his medical degree from the University of Parma, spending the following years performing scientific research in clinics at Parma, Berlin and Naples. From 1921 to 1924 he was a professor of special medical pathology at the Universities of Messina and Siena, afterwards serving as a professor of clinical medicine at the University of Pavia, a position he kept for the remainder of his career.University of Pavia (biography) Among his contributions to medical science are investigations on the structure and embryology of the kidney, research on the morphology of intestinal villi and haematopoietic studies in normal and pathological conditions.
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In this book Arber described the life cycles, embryology and reproductive and vegetative cycles of cereals, grasses and bamboo using comparative anatomical analysis of these plants. Recognising the importance of these plants to the development of human societies, Arber begins this study with the history of these plants in relation to humans, with "the more strictly botanical aspect is treated as developing out of the humansistic".Arber, A. (1934) The Gramineae The book was preceded by 10 papers in The Annals of Botany detailing the results of her research. Between 1930 and 1942 Arber conducted research into the structure of flowers, where she investigated the structure of many different forms and used morphological information to interpret other flower structures.
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Morris found an audience among preachers and home school teachers all over America, where 46% of the public holds some form of creationist belief. Morris was the primary source for much of the argumentation used by young Earth creationists when rejecting primary ideas in mainstream science, from the expanding universe to plate tectonics to biological evolution to genetics.U.S. Rep. Paul Broun says evolution, embryology and the Big Bang are "lies straight from the pit of hell" (accessed June 11, 2013) Morris's book, The Genesis Flood, coauthored by John C. Whitcomb, was very influential on modern creationist belief, and by the time of Morris's death, it was in its 44th printing and sold 250,000 English copies.
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In addition to graduate research, undergraduate classes are offered year round, including marine birds and mammals, estuarine biology, marine ecology, invertebrate zoology, molecular biology, biology of fishes, biological oceanography, and embryology. The Loyd and Dorothy Rippey Library, one of eight branches of the UO Libraries, was added to the campus in 1999. The Rippey Library is open to the public by appointment, and the Oregon Card Program allows Oregon residents 16 years old and over to borrow from the collection. The Charleston Marine Life Center (or CMLC), currently under construction, will be a public museum and aquarium on the edge of the harbor in Charleston, OR, across the street from the OIMB campus.
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Billie Swalla earned her Bachelor of Science in Zoology with a Botany minor from the University of Iowa (UI) in 1980. She went on to earn a Master of Science in the UI Zoology department with Dr. Michael Solursh, completing her work on chicken egg development in 1983. The summer after Dr. Swalla earned her M.S., she took an Embryology course at the Marine Biological Lab in Woods Hole, MA which changed her research focus forever. She earned her Ph.D in Biology from the University of Iowa on chicken egg development in 1988, continuing the work from her M.S., but proceeded to become a Post-Doctoral Fellow with William R. Jeffery studying gene expression during ascidian egg development.
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Harrison received his early schooling in Baltimore, where his family had moved from Germantown, Philadelphia. Announcing in his mid teens a resolve to study medicine, he entered Johns Hopkins University in 1886, receiving his BA degree in 1889 at the age of nineteen. In 1890, he worked as a laboratory assistant for the United States Fish Commission in Woodshole, Massachusetts, studying the embryology of the oyster with his close friend E. G. Conklin and H. V. Wilson.J. S. Nicholas, Ross Granville Harrison 1870—1959 A Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences, 1961, Accessed May 2008 at In 1891, he participated in a marine zoology field trip to the Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory in Jamaica.
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He was considered for a Nobel prize for his work on nerve-cell outgrowth, which helped form the modern functional understanding of the nervous system, and he contributed to surgical tissue transplant technique. During the first world war, Harrison studied embryology and the symmetries of development. By means of the dissection of embryos followed by transplantation and rotatation of the limb bud he demonstrated that the main axes of the developing limb are determined independently and at slightly different times, determination of the anteroposterior (anterior-posterior) axis preceding that of the dorsoventral (dorsal-ventral) axis. Harrison dissected Ambystoma puncatatum (salamander) embryos and transplanted limb buds to determine whether the limbs developed independently or according to instructions from host cells.
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Harrison married Ida Lange (1874-1967) in Altona, Germany on January 9, 1896 and they had a family of five children. One of them is the cartographer Richard Edes Harrison. The first world war was not a happy time for Harrison, with his pacifist leanings and his German wife and studies, but he persevered with embryology, working upon the symmetries of development. Although a keen morphogeneticist and an admirer of Goethe, Harrison himself did not philosophise much in his papers and, being somewhat reserved and diffident in his social dealings despite his warm feelings for his students' attainment, did not enjoy lecturing but chiefly confined himself to organisation, publication (his textbook illustrations have been highly praised) and patient experiment.
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Later in 1874, Haeckel's simplified embryology textbook Anthropogenie made the subject into a battleground over Darwinism aligned with Bismarck's Kulturkampf ("culture struggle") against the Catholic Church. Haeckel took particular care over the illustrations, changing to the leading zoological publisher Wilhelm Engelmann of Leipzig and obtaining from them use of illustrations from their other textbooks as well as preparing his own drawings including a dramatic double page illustration showing "early", "somewhat later" and "still later" stages of 8 different vertebrates. Though Haeckel's views had attracted continuing controversy, there had been little dispute about the embryos and he had many expert supporters, but Wilhelm His revived the earlier criticisms and introduced new attacks on the 1874 illustrations.Wilhelm His.
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The somites that give rise to the vertebral column begin to develop from head to tail along the length of the notochord. At day 20 of embryogenesis the first four pairs of somites appear in the future occipital bone region. Developing at the rate of three or four a day, the next eight pairs form in the cervical region to develop into the cervical vertebrae; the next twelve pairs will form the thoracic vertebrae; the next five pairs the lumbar vertebrae and by about day 29 the sacral somites will appear to develop into the sacral vertebrae; finally on day 30 the last three pairs will form the coccyx.Larsen, W.J. Human Embryology.2001.
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Dr. Bradley M. Patten from the University of Michigan wrote in Human Embryology that the union of the sperm and the ovum "initiates the life of a new individual" beginning "a new individual life history." In the standard college text book Psychology and Life, Dr. Floyd L. Ruch wrote "At the time of conception, two living germ cells—the sperm from the father and the egg, or ovum, from the mother—unite to produce a new individual." Dr. Herbert Ratner wrote that "It is now of unquestionable certainty that a human being comes into existence precisely at the moment when the sperm combines with the egg." This certain knowledge, Ratner says, comes from the study of genetics.
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He joined Dr. Corey Goodman's laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley (USA) for a post-doctoral fellowship where he contributed to the identification of new receptors involved in axon guidance and various diseases, including cancers. Alain Chédotal was recruited at Inserm in 1997 and set up his own team first at the Salpêtrière Hospital, then on the Jussieu campus, before joining the Institut de la Vision in 2008 (Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts). During his career, Alain Chédotal acquired multidisciplinary experience in Neuroanatomy, Experimental Embryology, Genetics, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology and Imaging. In 2018, Alain Chédotal is coordinating Inserm's transversal HuDeCA research programme, which aims to establish the cellular mapping of the human embryo.
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She remained on the faculty of George Washington University, where in 1909 she was Instructor of Histology and Embryology. From 1916 through 1920 she served as Anatomist at the Army Medical Museum, now the National Museum of Health and Medicine, on the Walter Reed Army Medical Center post in Washington, D.C. Her records at the museum, consisting of correspondence, notes, reports, logbooks, and other research materials, state that her research centered on identifying mosquitoes, including a project working with specimens sent in from military posts that resulted in the production of a Museum film, "Mosquito Eradication," in 1918. During 1920, she became the museum's Chief Entomologist, a position she held until her death.
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Eligible patients for IVF treatment must be Ontario residents under the age of 43 and have a valid Ontario Health Insurance Plan card and have not already undergone any IVF cycles. Coverage is extensive, but not universal. Coverage extends to certain blood and urine tests, physician/nurse counselling and consultations, certain ultrasounds, up to two cycle monitorings, embryo thawing, freezing and culture, fertilisation and embryology services, single transfers of all embryos, and one surgical sperm retrieval using certain techniques only if necessary. Drugs and medications are not covered under this Program, along with psychologist or social worker counselling, storage and shipping of eggs, sperm or embryos, and the purchase of donor sperm or eggs.
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Müller received an M.D. in 1979 and a Ph.D. in zoology in 1985, both from the University of Vienna. He has been a sabbatical fellow at the Department of Developmental Biology, Dalhousie University, Canada, (1988) and a visiting scholar at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, and received his Habilitation in Anatomy and Embryology in 1989. He is a founding member of the Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria,Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research of which he has been President since 1997. Müller is on the editorial boards of several scientific journals, including Biological TheoryJournal of Biological Theory where he serves as an Associate Editor.
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Shebile Emunah (Shevilei Emunah) is divided into ten chapters, which treat respectively of: # The existence of God, His attributes, His immateriality, unity, and immutability, which is not affected by prayer or even by miracles – introducing in each case a cabalistic discussion of the names of the Deity. # The creation of the world, which does not necessitate any change in God or any plurality in His nature; an explanation of the Biblical account being given, followed by a dissertation on the seven climates or zones of the earth as then conceived, the spheres, the stars, the sun and moon and their eclipses, and on meteorology. # Human embryology and the generative functions. # Human anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
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Er promovierte 1868 in Dorpat, ar von. 1868–1875 zweiter Prosector und seit 1876 Professor am Lehrstuhl für Embryologie" including (translated) "1868 in Dorpat, was from 1868–1875 second Prosector and since 1876, Professor..." and in 1876, he was appointed as a professor of comparative anatomy, embryology and histology. Emil Rosenberg, working as professor, from 1876 to 1888, systematized the comparative-anatomy collections of the University of Dorpat in accordance with the system developed at the John Hunter Museum in London.Tartu and the Wider World: through International Contacts to the Peaks of Science" (mentions the University of Tartu and Emil Rosenberg), Hain Tankler, Revue de la Maison Française d'Oxford, Volume I, no.
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Charles Darwin argued that a shared embryonic structure implied a common ancestor. As an example of this, Darwin cited in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species the shrimp-like larva of the barnacle, whose sessile adults looked nothing like other arthropods; Linnaeus and Cuvier had classified them as molluscs. Darwin also noted Alexander Kowalevsky's finding that the tunicate, too, was not a mollusc, but in its larval stage had a notochord and pharyngeal slits which developed from the same germ layers as the equivalent structures in vertebrates, and should therefore be grouped with them as chordates. 19th century zoology thus converted embryology into an evolutionary science, connecting phylogeny with homologies between the germ layers of embryos.
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Because of Morgan's dramatic success with Drosophila, many other labs throughout the world took up fruit fly genetics. Columbia became the center of an informal exchange network, through which promising mutant Drosophila strains were transferred from lab to lab; Drosophila became one of the first, and for some time the most widely used, model organisms.Kohler, Lords of the Fly, chapter 5 Morgan's group remained highly productive, but Morgan largely withdrew from doing fly work and gave his lab members considerable freedom in designing and carrying out their own experiments. He returned to embryology and worked to encourage the spread of genetics research to other organisms and the spread of the mechanistic experimental approach (Enwicklungsmechanik) to all biological fields.
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In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species. Vestiges used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time. But it proposed a linear progression rather than the branching common descent theory behind Darwin's work in progress, and it ignored adaptation. Darwin read it soon after publication, and scorned its amateurish geology and zoology, but he carefully reviewed his own arguments after leading scientists, including Adam Sedgwick, attacked its morality and scientific errors.
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In 1904 Agar was declared as a demonstrator in zoology at University of Glasgow, where he put down roots in teaching and research. His work on the embryology of the lungfish Lepidosiren and Protopterus caused a fellowship at King's College, Cambridge; this did not make an impact on his leaving Glasgow, for he had to continue academic and research work. The work on Lepidosiren was very precious for him. The cells of this fish, being unusually large, offer favourable material for the study of chromosomes and in 1907, aided by grants from the Royal Society and the Balfour Fund at Cambridge, Agar made an expedition to the almost unreachable Gran Chaco, Paraguay, to collect material for cytological study.
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Duerden moved to the University of North Carolina, taking up the position of Acting Professor of Biology from 1902 to 1903, filling in for Professor Henry Van Peters Wilson. Whilst there, Duerden taught a variety of subjects, including general biology, mammalian anatomy, vertebrate histology, zoology, and vertebrate embryology, and was a member of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. During his time in the United States, Duerden published at least 15 papers on the morphology and biology of corals between 1902 and 1906. Between 1903 and 1905, he was the Acting Assistant Professor or Instructor of Zoology at the University of Michigan and an Honorary Curator at the American Museum of Natural History.
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Triune Mind, Triune Brain is a theoretical model developed by Canadian Buddhist scholar Suwanda H. J. Sugunasiri. It follows upon his clarification of the three terms used by the Buddha for consciousness, namely, Mano, Citta and Viññāṇa as can be seen in his work on the Triune Mind.Sugunasiri, Suwanda H. J., “Triune Mind in Buddhism: A Textual Exploration”, The Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies, No. 10, (2014) Looking into the fields of Pali Buddhism, Neuroscience, Anthropology, Linguistics, and Embryology, among others, the overall thrust of this research moves toward a formalization and scientific refinement, done by assimilating functions of the mind as known in the Sutta and the Abhidamma with structures of the brain according to evolutionary biology.
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A native of Bogota, Colombia, Parada received his BS in molecular biology from the University of Wisconsin and a PhD in Biology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985. After postdoctoral training at the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, he began his scientific career heading the Molecular Embryology Section at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, Maryland. Parada moved to University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas in 1994, and founded the Center for Developmental Biology and was the Diana and Richard C. Strauss Distinguished Chair in Developmental Biology. He also served as Director of the Kent Waldrep Center for Basic Research on Nerve Growth and Regeneration.
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Louis-Félix Henneguy (18 March 1850 – 16 January 1928) was a French zoologist and embryologist born in Paris. In 1875, he received his medical doctorate from the University of Montpellier with a dissertation on the physiological action of poisons, Étude physiologique sur l'action des poisons. In 1883 he obtained his agrégation with Les lichens utiles, a thesis on useful lichens. During his career he was a professor of comparative embryology at the Collège de France (1900–28), and a member of the Académie de Médecine, the Académie d'Agriculture and the Académie des sciences (1908–28).HENNEGUY Louis-Félix at Sociétés savantes de France From 1894 he was director of the journal, Archives d'anatomie microscopique.
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Instead, the gametes are released into the coelom until they find their way to the posterior end of the caudal region, whereby they find an opening in the digestive system. Development of the hagfish embryo is retarded in comparison to other jawless vertebrates, taking as long as 11 months before hatching. Thus, information on their embryology has been obscured until recently, when husbandry advances have enabled considerable advances to the understanding of the group's evolutionary development. Their development has provided new insights into the evolution of neural crest cells, solidifying the consensus that these cells are a shared trait by all vertebrates and that are regulated by a common subset of genes.
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Cédric Blanpain (born 6 September 1970) is a Belgian researcher in the field of stem cells (embryology, tissue homeostasis and cancer). He is a tenured professor of developmental biology and genetics at Université Libre de Bruxelles and director of the stem cell and cancer lab at its Faculty of Medicine. He was one of the first researchers in the world to use cell lineage tracing in cancer research and he showed for the first time the existence of cancer stem cells in solid tumors in vivo. He was selected by Nature as one of 10 People who mattered most in 2012 and he received the outstanding young investigator award of the International Society for Stem Cell Research.
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Until the mid 19th century, Japan was a closed society that did not participate in advances in modern biology until later in that century. At that time, many students who went abroad to study in American and European labs, came back with new ideas about approaches to developmental sciences. When the returning students would try to incorporate their new ideas into the Japanese experimental embryology, they were rejected by the members of Japanese Biological Society. After the publication of the Spemann-Mangold organizer, many more students went to study abroad in European Labs, to learn much more about this organizer and returned to use that knowledge to aid in huge advantages in embryonic biology at the time.
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Graduates of chiropractic schools receive the degree Doctor of Chiropractic (DC), and are eligible to seek licensure in all jurisdictions. The Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE) sets minimum guidelines for chiropractic colleges; all 18 chiropractic institutions are accredited by the CCE. The minimum prerequisite for enrollment in a chiropractic college set forth by the CCE is 3 years (90 semester hours) of undergraduate study, and the minimum cumulative GPA for a student entering is 3.0 on a 4.0 scale. Recommended prerequisite classes may include those of the biological, chemical, and physical sciences, including: human anatomy and physiology, embryology, genetics, microbiology, immunology, cellular biology, exercise physiology, kinesiology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology/pharmacology, nutrition, nuclear medicine, physics, biomechanics, and statistics.
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Scott Baker was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College, and studied at Brasenose College, Oxford. He was a member of Chorleywood Urban District Council from 1964 to 1967. He married (Margaret) Joy Baker on 10 February 1973. They had 2 sons and one 1 daughter together. He was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1961, and practised in a range of legal areas, including family finance cases, and professional negligence. He became a Recorder in 1976, and was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1978. He became a Bencher at Middle Temple in 1985. He was a member of the Committee that inquired into human fertilisation in 1982 to 1984, chaired by Mary Warnock, which led to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990.
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Johnson On radiographs, the differences in the mineralization of different portions of the tooth and surrounding periodontium can be noted; enamel appears lighter than dentin or pulp since it is denser than both and more radiopaque.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath- BaloghFehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 180 Enamel does not contain collagen, as found in other hard tissues such as dentin and bone, but it does contain two unique classes of proteins: amelogenins and enamelins. While the role of these proteins is not fully understood, it is believed that they aid in the development of enamel by serving as a framework for minerals to form on, among other functions. Once it is mature, enamel is almost totally without the softer organic matter.
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These cells are sensitive to their environment. One common example is illustrated by the neonatal line, a pronounced incremental line of Retzius found in the primary teeth and in the larger cusps of the permanent first molars, showing a disruption in enamel production when the person is born.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath- Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 151 High fevers in childhood are also an example of bodily stressors causing interruptions in enamel production. Another possible example of this sensitivity (stress response pathway activation) may be the development of dental fluorosis after childhood exposure (between the ages of 2 to 8 years old) to excess consumption of fluoride, an elemental agent used to increase enamel hardness and as a result, prevent dental caries.
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PGD allows discrimination against those with intersex traits. Georgiann Davis argues that such discrimination fails to recognize that many people with intersex traits led full and happy lives. Morgan Carpenter highlights the appearance of several intersex variations in a list by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority of "serious" "genetic conditions" that may be de-selected in the UK, including 5 alpha reductase deficiency and androgen insensitivity syndrome, traits evident in elite women athletes and "the world's first openly intersex mayor". Organisation Intersex International Australia has called for the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council to prohibit such interventions, noting a "close entanglement of intersex status, gender identity and sexual orientation in social understandings of sex and gender norms, and in medical and medical sociology literature".
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The technology allows discrimination against those with intersex traits. Georgiann Davis argues that such discrimination fails to recognize that many people with intersex traits led full and happy lives. Morgan Carpenter highlights the appearance of several intersex variations in a list by the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority of "serious" "genetic conditions" that may be de-selected, including 5 alpha reductase deficiency and androgen insensitivity syndrome, traits evident in elite women athletes and "the world's first openly intersex mayor". Organisation Intersex International Australia has called for the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council to prohibit such interventions, noting a "close entanglement of intersex status, gender identity and sexual orientation in social understandings of sex and gender norms, and in medical and medical sociology literature".
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Seaton continued with her academic career and managed her family's homes in Tanzania and Houston, Texas, sometimes traveling with her husband. She taught periodically at Makerere University in Uganda, where she was a visiting professor of biology and embryology from 1952 to 1953, and at Wiley College in Texas. Seaton returned to the United States with her family in 1953, after the birth of her second child. Her husband decided to further his contribution to African freedom movements by undertaking doctoral studies in international affairs in 1953 at the University of Southern California, gaining his doctorate and returning to Tanganyika (soon to become Tanzania) in 1961. From 1953 to 1954 Alberta Seaton was an assistant professor of biology at Spelman College in Atlanta.
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Heilmann's comparative illustrations of the embryos and adults of several extant birds and reptiles In this section, Heilmann draws evidence from his observations of germ cells, impregnation, cell division, ontogeny and comparative embryology about the probable ancestry of birds. A fair amount of detail is devoted early in the section to comparative studies between the germ cells of many different species of extant bird and reptile (and several mammals), including some comments on the corkscrew locomotion observed in the spermatozoa cells of several bird and reptile species, but no mammals.Heilmann (1926) pp. 61–63. He then goes on to offer a similar comparison between the egg cells of birds and reptiles, and finds considerably more similarity there than either has to the egg cell of a mammal.
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Dr Robert Edmond Grant had graduated in 1814, and then studied anatomy with Georges Cuvier and embryology with Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in Paris. On returning in 1824 he was appointed lecturer in invertebrate animals at the private anatomy school set up by John Barclay and run by Robert Knox from 1826. His lectures there promoted Geoffroy's "philosophical anatomy" based on unity of plan compatible with the transmutation of species, implying ideas of progressive improvement and hence radical support for democracy. He was secretary of the Plinian, then in 1826 gave up that post to join the Council of the Wernerian Natural History Society. Plinian members helped with his pioneering work on marine invertebrates from the Firth of Forth, with Coldstream assisting him in 1825–1826.
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Under the Coroners Act 1988 there is a duty in certain circumstances for deaths to be investigated by a coroner. The law also attaches importance to the preservation of life: aiding and abetting a suicide is a criminal offence under the Suicide Act 1961 and euthanasia is unlawful (see the Bland case). Furthermore, there is a duty upon medical professionals to keep patients alive unless to do so would be contrary to the patient's best interests based on professional medical opinion (the Bolam Test), taking into account their quality of life in the event that treatment is continued. The Abortion Act 1967 permits the termination of a pregnancy under certain conditions and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 requires the storage of embryos to be licensed.
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He became an assistant to the Archbishop at Lambeth and assisted with the planning of the 1988 Lambeth Conference; he was General Secretary of the Church Mission Society 1989–1994 and concurrently an Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Southwark. He was appointed Bishop of Rochester, England in 1994, and in 1999 entered the House of Lords as one of the "Lords Spiritual" because of his seniority in episcopal office, the first religious leader from Asia to serve there. He was one of the final two candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury, though Rowan Williams was appointed by the British prime minister, Tony Blair. Between 1997 and 2003, Nazir-Ali was chairman of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's Ethics and Law committee.
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Dumas was born in Alès (Gard), and became an apprentice to an apothecary in his native town. In 1816, he moved to Geneva, where he attended lectures by M. A. Pictet in physics, C. G. de la Rive in chemistry, and A. P. de Candolle in botany, and before he had reached his majority, he was engaged with Pierre Prévost in original work on problems of physiological chemistry and even of embryology. In 1822, he moved to Paris, acting on the advice of Alexander von Humboldt, where he became professor of chemistry, initially at the Lyceum, later (1835) at the École polytechnique. He was one of the founders of the École centrale des arts et manufactures (later named École centrale Paris) in 1829.
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The US podiatric medical school curriculum (which is equivalent to the curriculum of the M.D and D.O pathways) includes lower extremity anatomy, general human anatomy, physiology, general medicine, physical assessment, biochemistry, neurobiology, pathophysiology, genetics and embryology, microbiology, histology, pharmacology, women's health, physical rehabilitation, sports medicine, research, ethics and jurisprudence, biomechanics, general principles of orthopedic surgery, and foot and ankle surgery. US trained podiatric physicians and surgeons rotate through major areas of medicine during residency, including emergency medicine, orthopedic surgery, general surgery, anesthesia, radiology, pathology, infectious disease, endocrinology, sports medicine, physical therapy, biomechanics, geriatrics, internal medicine,About Residencies. gundluth.org. Retrieved on 2012-06-27. critical care, cardiology, vascular surgery, psychiatric and behavioral health, neurology, pediatrics, dermatology, pain management, wound care, and primary care.
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After gaining her Ph.D., Gage pursued independent research in comparative anatomy and embryology. Like many women scientists in the late 19th century, Gage never held a formal job congruent with her abilities and spent some of her time supporting her husband's career—for example as an editor of at least one edition of his book The Microscope and as an illustrator for some of his papers. Although Gage's work was often overshadowed by that of her husband—the first edition of American Men and Women of Science lists her as "Mrs. S.H. Gage"—she became a respected scientist in her field, publishing in such prestigious journals as Science, American Journal of Anatomy, The Anatomical Record, and The American Naturalist, among others.
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Jamieson, Barrie Gillean Molyneux (editor) (2007) Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Birds: Sexual selection, behavior, conservation, embryology, genetics (Part B of Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Birds) Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, page 183, These correlations may be caused by the fact that both would also correlate with the amount of light perceived by the bird. Moller used a play-back technique to investigate the effects of singing by the black wheatear (Oenanthe leucura) on the behaviour of both conspecifics and heterospecifics. It was found that singing increased in both groups in response to the wheatear. Moller suggested the dawn (and dusk) chorus of bird song may be augmented by social facilitation due to the singing of conspecifics as well as heterospecifics.
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Burr is noted for his use of the voltmeter to detect the electric potential of the body, first reported upon in his 1936 paper (with C. T. Lane and L. F. Nims) "A Vacuum Tube Micro-voltmeter for the Measurement of Bio-electric Phenomena". Burr proposed the term "L-Field" for the bio-electric fields of living systems. In 1942, Burr measured the output of electric current by growing corn and reported "electricity seems to bridge the gap between the lifeless world and living matter... electricity is one of the fundamental factors in all living systems just as it is in the non-living world." Burr's research contributed to the electrical detection of cancer cells, experimental embryology, neuroanatomy, and the regeneration and development of the nervous system.
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The 1711 Sales Auction Catalogue reflects the wide scope of Browne's interests. It includes many of the sources of his encyclopaedia Pseudodoxia Epidemica which went through six editions (1646 to 1672); and established him as one of the leading intellects of 17th-century Europe. Browne's erudite learning is reflected by the Classics of antiquity as well as history, geography, philology, philosophy, anatomy, theology, cartography, embryology, medicine, cosmography, ornithology, mineralogy, zoology, travel, law, mathematics, geometry, literature, both Continental and English, the latest advances in scientific thinking in astronomy, chemistry as well as esoteric topics such as astrology, alchemy, physiognomy and the Kabbalah are all represented in the Catalogue of his library contents. It was however not until 1986 that the Catalogue was first made widely available.
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Lee changed his focus to embryos, when he realised that many of the questions framed by his Neuroscience research were rooted in the matter of differentiation. The ultimate undifferentiated cell is the fertilised egg. This led Lee to work on gap junctions in early mammalian embryos (in the Anatomy & Embryology department at UCL), where work with Anne Warner FRS and Anne McLaren DBE FRS produced new information on factors affecting communication between cells and their developmental potential. Lee became a clinical embryologist in 1985, when working with the gynaecologist Ian CraftThe Daily Telegraph Letter from Ian Craft when he and Sammy Lee worked at the Wellington he directed the IVF laboratory at the Wellington Hospital in London, then one of the largest units in the world.
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An early event in the modern synthesis was R. A. Fisher's 1918 paper on mathematical population genetics, but William Bateson, and separately Udny Yule, were already starting to show how Mendelian genetics could work in evolution in 1902. Different syntheses followed, accompanying the gradual breakup of the early 20th century synthesis, including with social behaviour in E. O. Wilson's sociobiology in 1975, evolutionary developmental biology's integration of embryology with genetics and evolution, starting in 1977, and Massimo Pigliucci's proposed extended evolutionary synthesis of 2007. In the view of the evolutionary biologist Eugene Koonin in 2009, the modern synthesis will be replaced by a 'post-modern' synthesis that will include revolutionary changes in molecular biology, the study of prokaryotes and the resulting tree of life, and genomics.
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She introduced her learned knowledge via an embryology course at Mount Holyoke, supplanted by specimens from alumni abroad. Along with other New England entomologists, Clapp collected insects from the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the summer of 1875 and from the mid-Atlantic states in 1877. (Stops included the Johns Hopkins University marine station in Beaufort, SC and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.) Clapp also completed brief studies on chick embryos and earthworms at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under W.T. Sedgwick and at Williams College in the early 1880s. Beginning in 1888, Clapp was affiliated with the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, MA, where she conducted laboratory research and later became a lecturer and a trustee.
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The interdental papilla, also known as the interdental gingiva, is the part of the gums (gingiva) that exists coronal to the free gingival margin on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth. The interdental papillae fill in the area between the teeth apical to their contact areas to prevent food impaction; they assume a conical shape for the anterior teeth and a blunted shape buccolingually for the posterior teeth.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh, Elsevier, 2011, page 123 A missing papilla is often visible as a small triangular gap between adjacent teeth. The relationship of interdental bone to the interproximal contact point between adjacent teeth is a determining factor in whether the interdental papilla will be present.
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As it was they tried to set the tone for the other panels, presenting the core of evolution as natural selection acting on random genetic variation; most of the prominent critics of that view of biological evolution were not invited (with the exception of C. H. Waddington, who criticized the synthesis for failing to account for embryology). Despite the eminence of the panelists and the hopes of Sol Tax, the panels mostly--with the exception of the origin of life panel--presented ideas already published and broke little new ground, in part because they were intended for a popular audience; according to historian V. Betty Smocovitis "the discussions and even some of the contributed papers were surprisingly flat".Smocovitis, pp. 295-299, quotation from p.
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These differences were, in turn, caused by "heredity". His compared the shapes of embryonic structures to those of rubber tubes that could be slit and bent, illustrating these comparisons with accurate drawings. Stephen Jay Gould noted in his 1977 book Ontogeny and Phylogeny that His's attack on Haeckel's recapitulation theory was far more fundamental than that of any empirical critic, as it effectively stated that Haeckel's "biogenetic law" was irrelevant. Embryology theories of Ernst Haeckel and Karl Ernst von Baer compared Darwin proposed that embryos resembled each other since they shared a common ancestor, which presumably had a similar embryo, but that development did not necessarily recapitulate phylogeny: he saw no reason to suppose that an embryo at any stage resembled an adult of any ancestor.
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In July 2019 Jackie Doyle-Price said that women were registering with surgeries further away from their own home in order to get around CCG rationing policies. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority said in September 2018 that parents who are limited to one cycle of IVF, or have to fund it themselves, are more likely choose to implant multiple embryos in the hope it increases the chances of pregnancy. This significantly increases the chance of multiple births and the associated poor outcomes, which would increase NHS costs. The president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists said that funding 3 cycles was "the most important factor in maintaining low rates of multiple pregnancies and reduce(s) associated complications".
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They believed that relationships between species could be discerned from developmental patterns in embryology, as well as in the fossil record, but that these relationships represented an underlying pattern of divine thought, with progressive creation leading to increasing complexity and culminating in humanity. Owen developed the idea of "archetypes" in the Divine mind that would produce a sequence of species related by anatomical homologies, such as vertebrate limbs. Owen led a public campaign that successfully marginalized Grant in the scientific community. Darwin would make good use of the homologies analyzed by Owen in his own theory, but the harsh treatment of Grant, and the controversy surrounding Vestiges, showed him the need to ensure that his own ideas were scientifically sound.
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Vitalists included English anatomist Francis Glisson (1597–1677) and the Italian doctor Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694). Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733–1794) is considered to be the father of epigenesis in embryology, that is, he marks the point when embryonic development began to be described in terms of the proliferation of cells rather than the incarnation of a preformed soul. However, this degree of empirical observation was not matched by a mechanistic philosophy: in his Theoria Generationis (1759), he tried to explain the emergence of the organism by the actions of a vis essentialis (an organizing, formative force), stating "All believers in epigenesis are vitalists." Carl Reichenbach (1788–1869) later developed the theory of Odic force, a form of life-energy that permeates living things.
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Zoologists including Fritz Müller proposed the use of embryology to discover phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Müller demonstrated that crustaceans shared the Nauplius larva, identifying several parasitic species that had not been recognised as crustaceans. Müller also recognised that natural selection must act on larvae, just as it does on adults, giving the lie to recapitulation, which would require larval forms to be shielded from natural selection. Two of Haeckel's other ideas about the evolution of development have fared better than recapitulation: he argued in the 1870s that changes in the timing (heterochrony) and changes in the positioning within the body (heterotopy) of aspects of embryonic development would drive evolution by changing the shape of a descendant's body compared to an ancestor's.
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Starting the 1970s and 80s a "popular literature known as ijaz" and often called "Scientific miracles in the Quran", argued that the Quran abounds with "scientific facts" centuries before their discovery by science and thus demonstrating that the Quran must be of divine origin. Among these miracles alleged by enthusiasts of the movement to be found in the Quran are "everything, from relativity, quantum mechanics, Big Bang theory, black holes and pulsars, genetics, embryology, modern geology, thermodynamics, even the laser and hydrogen fuel cells". "Widespread and well-funded"Cook, The Koran, 2000: p.29 with "millions" from Saudi Arabia, the literature can be found in Muslim bookstores and on websites and television programs of Islamic preachers, though it has come in for criticism by scholars.
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According to Dame Susan Leather, a former chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, "perhaps the greatest achievement of the Warnock committee is that it managed to get an ethical consensus that people understood as well as shared". From 1984 to 1989, Warnock chaired a Home Office Committee on animal experimentation; she was a member of the Government advisory panel on spoliation from 1998. In 2008, Warnock, a committed advocate of euthanasia, caused controversy with an opinion that people with dementia should be allowed to elect to die if they felt they were "a burden to their family or the state". Aged 90, Warnock took part enthusiastically in a review of her public life as documented by BBC Sound Archives (12 July 2014).
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Descriptive science is a category of science that involves descriptive research; that is, observing, recording, describing, and classifying phenomena. Descriptive research is sometimes contrasted with hypothesis-driven research, which is focused on testing a particular hypothesis by means of experimentation. David A. Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel suggest that descriptive science in biology is currently undervalued and misunderstood: > "Descriptive" in science is a pejorative, almost always preceded by > "merely," and typically applied to the array of classical -ologies and > -omies: anatomy, archaeology, astronomy, embryology, morphology, > paleontology, taxonomy, botany, cartography, stratigraphy, and the various > disciplines of zoology, to name a few. [...] First, an organism, object, or > substance is not described in a vacuum, but rather in comparison with other > organisms, objects, and substances.
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The physical therapist curriculum consists of foundational sciences (i.e., gross anatomy, cellular histology, embryology, neurology, neuroscience, kinesiology, physiology, exercise physiology, pathology, pharmacology, radiology/imaging, medical screening), behavioral sciences (communication, social and psychologic factors, ethics and values, law, business and management sciences, clinical reasoning and evidence-based practice), and clinical sciences (cardiovascular/pulmonary, endocrine and metabolic, gastrointestinal and genitourinary, integumentary, musculoskeletal, neuromuscular). Coursework also includes material specific to the practice of physical therapy (patient/client management model, prevention, wellness, and health promotion, practice management, management of care delivery, social responsibility, advocacy, and core values). Additionally, students have to engage in full-time clinical practice under the supervision of licensed physical therapists with an expectation of providing safe, competent, and effective physical therapy.
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A turning point came in the early twentieth century with the writings of Gerhard Heilmann of Denmark. An artist by trade, Heilmann had a scholarly interest in birds and from 1913 to 1916, expanding on earlier work by Othenio Abel, published the results of his research in several parts, dealing with the anatomy, embryology, behavior, paleontology, and evolution of birds. His work, originally written in Danish as Vor Nuvaerende Viden om Fuglenes Afstamning, was compiled, translated into English, and published in 1926 as The Origin of Birds. Proaves' from 1916 Like Huxley, Heilmann compared Archaeopteryx and other birds to an exhaustive list of prehistoric reptiles, and also came to the conclusion that theropod dinosaurs like Compsognathus were the most similar.
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The (pan)arthropod head problem is a long-standing zoological dispute concerning the segmental composition of the heads of the various arthropod groups, and how they are evolutionarily related to each other. While the dispute has historically centered on the exact make-up of the insect head, it has been widened to include other living arthropods such as the crustaceans and chelicerates; and fossil forms, such as the many arthropods known from exceptionally preserved Cambrian faunas. While the topic has classically been based on insect embryology, in recent years a great deal of developmental molecular data has become available. Dozens of more or less distinct solutions to the problem, dating back to at least 1897, have been published, including several in the 2000s.
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Up through the 19th century, the scope of zoology was largely divided between physiology, which investigated questions of form and function, and natural history, which was concerned with the diversity of life and interactions among different forms of life and between life and non-life. By 1900, much of these domains overlapped, while natural history (and its counterpart natural philosophy) had largely given way to more specialized scientific disciplines—cytology, bacteriology, morphology, embryology, geography, and geology. Widespread travel by naturalists in the early-to- mid-19th century resulted in a wealth of new information about the diversity and distribution of living organisms. Of particular importance was the work of Alexander von Humboldt, which analyzed the relationship between organisms and their environment (i.e.
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The Life of Vertebrates is a noted biology textbook by John Zachary Young. The book grew out of the author's attempt to define what is meant by the life of vertebrates and by the evolution of that life. It combined an account of the embryology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, palaeontology, and ecology of all vertebrates and, the author argued, he has attempted via a documentation of the "central fact of biology, that life goes on", and to combine the results of the studies of these into a single work in which this continuity is maintained. It has been listed as the Book of A Lifetime by Colin Tudge who argues that the book might help humanity recover its humility and reverence in the face of nature rather than simply inspiring "awe".
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In May 2008, he introduced an amendment to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 requiring that "strictly neutral information" be provided in cases of foetal abnormality. This was based on his parents' experience of the expert advice from pioneering surgeon Archibald McIndoe who successfully reconstructed his cleft palate. He gave speeches in the Commons on animal welfare issues and in December 2009 he was one of 8 cross-party supporters of a bill introduced by Nigel Waterson to "make provision for residents of care homes and sheltered accommodation to keep domestic pets in certain circumstances." Based on his experience as a computer software developer, he spoke against the terms of the Digital Economy Bill and joined Tom Watson and Austin Mitchell in leading a Labour rebellion against its third reading.
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In the House of Lords, he opposed compulsory sex education in schools, the 1990 Embryology bill and along with many peers of his generation, felt homophobia was not just acceptable but enshrined in the teachings of his religion. A devout Roman Catholic, during debates in the Lords on the equalisation of the age of consent in 2000, he compared homosexuality to child abuse and attacked the Blair government for threatening to impose the will of the House of Commons on the Lords by way of the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949: "[]he one thing I cannot come to terms with is the concept that homosexuality must be equated with heterosexuality and that homosexual couples must be equated with married couples." He married Julia (Sheila) Murphy in 1944. His wife was Irish, originally from County Kerry.
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During her PhD, Dymecki discovered a new gene expressed in B cells, called blk for B Lymphoid Kinase, which helps to initiate an immune response. After completing her MD- PhD training in 1992, Dymecki became a Helen Hay Whitney Fellow and John Merck Scholar at the Carnegie Institution for Science in the Department of Embryology in Washington, DC. While completing her postdoctoral training, she pioneered novel genetic tools with which to study development in the mammalian nervous system. In 1997, Dymecki filed a patent for her genetic tool, which consisted of DNA constructs that enable transgenic expression of FRT recombination sites and a Flp recombinase in non-human mammals. Her technology has aided many researchers in achieving gene insertion, deletion, and modulation as well as label cell lineages to explore developmental stages.
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Since 1896 he was a Professor of the Imperial University of Warsaw. In 1915, after the outbreak of World War I, the University of Warsaw was evacuated first to Moscow, and then to Rostov-on-Don. Mitrofanov himself chose to accept the proposal of Aleksandr Naumov, Marshal of Samara Nobility to head the newly formed Samara Polytechnic Institute (now Samara State Technical University), although he also remained the head of the Department of Comparative Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, and also was in charge of the zoo laboratory and the zoological cabinet at the evacuated Warsaw University. Since he was simultaneously an employee of the University in Rostov-on-Don, he very often had to make long trips between two cities, although his main residence was Rostov-on-Don.
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However, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Michael Creed said the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine would permit livestock marts to reopen for limited reasons if social distancing could be adhered to. Thus, another first for Ireland, a virtual mart occurring in County Meath, and prompted by pandemic restrictions on social gatherings. Irish agri-software company, Livestock-Live (based in Mullingar), provided the live streaming technology to facilitate the online bidding of farmers, having first introduced its cameras to Carnaross Mart in January 2018 and completed testing of them the day before marts were shut in 2020, giving the Meath mart the advantage over others. Advice given by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) on 15 March prompted fertility clinics to shut, causing enormous disruption to IVF treatment.
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New York Times, 6 February 2012 She also starred in the 4 episode series "Sex in the Wild" (on PBS in the USA), also known as "Born in the Wild" (on Channel 4 in the UK), about animal reproduction in elephants, orangutans (and other primates), dolphins (and other whales), and kangaroos (and other marsupials). She was also featured in a 3-day live series called "Big Blue Live" on PBS about marine life in Monterey Bay, California. Reidenberg currently works in New York City and is a professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai's Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, where she teaches in the Structures Course (Gross Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, and Imaging). She is also the Course Director for General Anatomy at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine.
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For example, an anatomist is concerned with the shape, size, position, structure, blood supply and innervation of an organ such as the liver; while a physiologist is interested in the production of bile, the role of the liver in nutrition and the regulation of bodily functions. The discipline of anatomy can be subdivided into a number of branches including gross or macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye, and also includes superficial anatomy or surface anatomy, the study by sight of the external body features. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures on a microscopic scale, along with histology (the study of tissues), and embryology (the study of an organism in its immature condition).
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In 1895, at the age of 20, Snodgrass entered Stanford University and majored in zoology, taking classes such as general zoology, embryology, entomology with Dr. Vernon Lyman Kellogg, ichthyology with then Stanford president Dr. David Starr Jordan, and comparative vertebrate anatomy. His first opportunity to conduct research came from Dr. Kellogg, who set him to work on the biting lice (Mallophaga). The excitement of research, and the prospect for publishing original work led to his giving up the desire to become an ornithologist, and the publication of his first two science articles (works 1, 2). During this time, Snodgrass also participated in his first two field expeditions, the first to the Pribilof Islands led by Dr. Jordan, and the second to the Galapagos Islands, led by Edmund Heller.
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Illustrations of dog and human embryos, looking almost identical at 4 weeks then differing at 6 weeks, shown above a 6-week turtle embryo and 8-day hen embryo, presented by Haeckel in 1868 as convincing proof of evolution. The pictures of the earliest embryonic stages are now considered inaccurate. When Haeckel was a student in the 1850s he showed great interest in embryology, attending the rather unpopular lectures twice and in his notes sketched the visual aids: textbooks had few illustrations, and large format plates were used to show students how to see the tiny forms under a reflecting microscope, with the translucent tissues seen against a black background. Developmental series were used to show stages within a species, but inconsistent views and stages made it even more difficult to compare different species.
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Human genetic engineering was used on a small scale to allow infertile women with genetic defects in their mitochondria to have children. In June 2013, the United Kingdom government agreed to develop legislation that would legalize the 'three-person IVF' procedure as a treatment to fix or eliminate mitochondrial diseases that are passed on from mother to child. The procedure could be offered from 29 October 2015 once regulations had been established.The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015 No. 572Knapton, Sarah (1 March 2014) 'Three-parent babies' could be born in Britain next year The Daily Telegraph Science News, Retrieved 1 March 2014 Embryonic mitochondrial transplant and protofection have been proposed as a possible treatment for inherited mitochondrial disease, and allotopic expression of mitochondrial proteins as a radical treatment for mtDNA mutation load.
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That same year, Maurice F. Wilkins, A. Stokes and H.R. Wilson, reported the first X-ray patterns of in vivo B-DNA in partially oriented salmon sperm heads. The development of the first correct double helix molecular model of DNA by Crick and Watson may not have been possible without the biochemical evidence for the nucleotide base-pairing ([A---T]; [C---G]), or Chargaff's rules. Although such initial studies of DNA structures with the help of molecular models were essentially static, their consequences for explaining the in vivo functions of DNA were significant in the areas of protein biosynthesis and the quasi- universality of the genetic code. Epigenetic transformation studies of DNA in vivo were however much slower to develop despite their importance for embryology, morphogenesis and cancer research.
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In the USA, licensed physicians with documented experience in treating veins and adequate vascular ultrasound experience can receive certification by passing a test created by the American Board of Venous and Lymphatic Medicine a privately owned corporation committed to maintaining a high standard of care for venous disease. The test addresses knowledge of venous disease, clotting disorders, imaging modalities, pharmacokinetics, vascular malformations, lymphatics disorders and venous embryology. The American Board of Venous and Lymphatic Medicine results in certification as a "Diplomate of the American Board of Venous and Lymphatic Medicine" which is based on standards set by the American Board of Medical Specialities. Providers with this designation have completed rigorous criteria to sit for the exam and comprehension of vein care principles to pass the exam according to the Board.
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In the early 1930s, Waddington and many other embryologists looked for the molecules that would induce the amphibian neural tube. The search was beyond the technology of that time, and most embryologists moved away from such deep problems. Waddington, however, came to the view that the answers to embryology lay in genetics, and in 1935 went to Thomas Hunt Morgan's Drosophila laboratory in California, even though this was a time when most embryologists felt that genes were unimportant and just played a role in minor phenomena such as eye colour. In the late 1930s, Waddington produced formal models about how gene regulatory products could generate developmental phenomena, showed how the mechanisms underpinning Drosophila development could be studied through a systematic analysis of mutations that affected the development of the Drosophila wing.
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Traditionally, the campaigns of pressure groups have included things such as letter-writing, petitions and marches. For example, in the mid-1980s, LIFE compiled a petition of more than 2,000,000 names opposed to abortion, organised a "Mail MPs a Mountain" campaign in 1987 and employed postcard campaigns in 1989 and 1990 against the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. Marches and demonstrations organised by the Anti-Poll Tax Federation in 1990 were said to have contributed to Margaret Thatcher's resignation as Prime Minister in November that year, and led to the subsequent replacement of the 1989 Community Charge (poll tax) with council tax in 1993. In February 2003, millions took to the streets as part of the Stop the War Coalition's efforts to persuade the government not to deploy US forces in Iraq.
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In the developing fetus, the genital tubercle develops into the glans of the penis in males and into the clitoral glans in females; they are homologous. The urogenital fold develops into the skin around the shaft of the penis and the urethra in males and into the labia minora in females.Keith L. Moore, T. V. N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology 10th Ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015 , pp 267-69 The corpora cavernosa are homologous to the body of the clitoris; the corpus spongiosum is homologous to the vestibular bulbs beneath the labia minora; the scrotum, homologous to the labia majora; and the foreskin, homologous to the clitoral hood. The raphe does not exist in females, because there, the two halves are not connected.
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In his 1905 publication in the American Journal of Anatomy, Mall was the first to show that both the main arteries and the primary veins of the embryo pig could be reached by via the delivery of India Ink directly into the blood vessels of the liver. In 1907, Mall identified a precursor of the internal jugular vein in the head, naming it as the anterior cardinal vein. In addition, Mall showed that the anterior cardinal vein was implicated in the formation of dural sinuses. In a 1910 article entitled "Determination of the age of human embryos and fetuses" in the Manual of Human Embryology, Mall demonstrated that the nascent atrium of the heart could be identified based on the close proximity of endothelium to the heart muscle.
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Balfour was born on 20 October 1850 at Whittingehame House in East Lothian 1850, the daughter of Lady Blanche Gascoyne-Cecil (1825–1872) and James Maitland Balfour.1851 England Wales and Scotland Census for Whittingham House, Whittingehame, Dunbar, Haddingtonshire (East Lothian), Scotland She lived much of her adult life in London1911 Census of England Wales and Scotland - St Martins in the Field, London with her brother Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905. Her brother Francis Maitland Balfour was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society at the age of 27 for his work on embryology. She developed a lifelong interest in entomology and later developed an interest in genetics and in particular the way that the patterns in zebra skins were inherited.
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In 1885 he was appointed professor of zoology at Charles University in Prague, and from 1896 was a professor and director of the second zoological institute at the University of Vienna. Hatschek suffered from severe depression, which greatly affected his work in the latter stages of his life.Austria-Lexicon (biography)Deutsche Biographie Hatschek is remembered for the so-called "trochophore theory", in which he explains the trochophore to be the larval form of a hypothetical organism- the "trochozoon" (which in adult form corresponded to a trochophore-like rotifer, and was the suggested common ancestor of almost all bilateral, metazoan lifeforms).Biology Of Helminthes By D.R. KhannaDictionary of Developmental Biology and Embryology by Frank J. Dye In 1888 he split Frey and Leuckart's Coelenterata into three phyla: Spongiaria, Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
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Variety of paramere structures in Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae) Parameres ('side parts') are part of the external reproductive organs of male insects and the term was first used by Verhoeff in 1893 for the lateral genital lobes in Coleoptera. The primary phallic lobes which appear in the nymph or larval stages may become a pair of penes in the Ephemeroptera or a simple median penis in the Thysanura. In higher insect orders from Orthoptera to Hymenoptera, each of the primary lobes is divided into two secondary lobes or phallomeres, termed parameres and mesomeres (NB: this use of the term "mesomere" is not to be confused with the same term in segmentation embryology.) In adult insects parameres may elongate and become genital claspers. These claspers may themselves occur in two segments, forming a proximal basimere and a distal telomere or harpago ('grappling hook').
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First, it is considered to be part of the basal forebrain, the nucleus accumbens, and the amygdaloid nuclei because of its location along the rostral ventral region of the brain, that is, the front-bottom part. Second, it is considered to be part of the olfactory cortex because it receives direct input from the olfactory bulb. Third, it is also considered to be part of the ventral striatum based on anatomy, neurochemical, and embryology data. One of the most striking features of the olfactory tubercle is the closely packed crescent-shape cell clusters, which are located mostly in layer III and sometimes in layer II. These cells clusters, called the islands of calleja, are innervated by dopaminergic projections from the nucleus accumbens and the substantia nigra, suggesting the role that the olfactory tubercle plays in the reward system.
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In Commons divisions in 2007 on a number of House of Lords reform options, Murrison voted for options 7 and 8, proposing a 100% elected House of Lords, including the removal of all remaining hereditary peers, and against options 4 and 5, which proposed a partly elected and partly appointed upper chamber.howtheyvoted (Andrew Murrison) In the debate on a Human Embryology and Fertilisation Bill in May 2008, he supported amendments to the bill aimed at reducing the maximum gestational age for an abortion from twenty-four to twenty weeks, commenting: "The shock of the abortion list twenty-five years ago is still clear in my mind. Since then, societal attitudes have changed, in part because of improved imaging of the unborn child. I'm sure the law needs updating and twenty weeks appears to strike the right balance".
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Huxley was the first man to attack Owen's ideas on the vertebrate skeleton, in his Croonian Lecture to the Royal Society in 1858. He showed from a study of the early stages of lower fish, and also the stickleback and the frog, that the segmentation of the skull in higher vertebrata is a secondary process, and is independent of vertebration. The basis of the work was embryology, but the early history of the skull was known in only a few species. Parker's distinction was to carry out a careful study of the process in a much wider variety of vertebrates; his ironic comment on the "anatomical suffering caused to fish from their being dragged into harmony with that mischievous piece of work, the vertebrate archetype" shows, from such a gentle man, a surprising vigour in debate.
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Weismann worked on the embryology of sea urchin eggs, and in the course of this observed different kinds of cell division, namely equatorial division and reductional division, terms he coined (Äquatorialteilung and Reduktionsteilung respectively). His germ plasm theory states that multicellular organisms consist of germ cells containing heritable information, and somatic cells that carry out ordinary bodily functions. The germ cells are influenced neither by environmental influences nor by learning or morphological changes that happen during the lifetime of an organism, which information is lost after each generation. The concept as he proposed it was referred to as Weismannism in his day, for example in the book An examination of Weismannism by George Romanes This idea was illuminated and explained by the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's work in the early years of the 20th century (see Mendelian inheritance).
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By the mid-1960s, the intellectual core of molecular biology—a model for the molecular basis of metabolism and reproduction— was largely complete.Morange, A History of Molecular Biology, chapter 14 The late 1950s to the early 1970s was a period of intense research and institutional expansion for molecular biology, which had only recently become a somewhat coherent discipline. In what organismic biologist E. O. Wilson called "The Molecular Wars", the methods and practitioners of molecular biology spread rapidly, often coming to dominate departments and even entire disciplines.Wilson, Naturalist, chapter 12; Morange, A History of Molecular Biology, chapter 15 Molecularization was particularly important in genetics, immunology, embryology, and neurobiology, while the idea that life is controlled by a "genetic program"—a metaphor Jacob and Monod introduced from the emerging fields of cybernetics and computer science—became an influential perspective throughout biology.
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Traditional phylogeny, based on anatomy and on the development of the adult forms from embryos, has produced no enduring consensus about the position of ectoprocts. Attempts to reconstruct the family tree of animals have largely ignored ectoprocts and other "minor phyla", which have received little scientific study because they are generally tiny, have relatively simple body plans, and have little impact on human economies – despite the fact that the "minor phyla" include most of the variety in the evolutionary history of animals. In the opinion of Ruth Dewel, Judith Winston, and Frank McKinney, "Our standard interpretation of bryozoan morphology and embryology is a construct resulting from over 100 years of attempts to synthesize a single framework for all invertebrates," and takes little account of some peculiar features of ectoprocts. Phaenopora superba, a ptilodictyine bryozoan from the Silurian of Ohio.
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They believed that relationships between species could be discerned from developmental patterns in embryology, as well as in the fossil record, but that these relationships represented an underlying pattern of divine thought, with progressive creation leading to increasing complexity and culminating in humanity. Owen developed the idea of "archetypes" in the divine mind that would produce a sequence of species related by anatomical homologies, such as vertebrate limbs. Owen was concerned by the political implications of the ideas of transmutationists like Robert Grant, and he led a public campaign by conservatives that successfully marginalized Grant in the scientific community. In his famous 1841 paper, which coined the term dinosaur for the giant reptiles discovered by Buckland and Gideon Mantell, Owen argued that these reptiles contradicted the transmutational ideas of Lamarck because they were more sophisticated than the reptiles of the modern world.
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Neva Haites OBE FRSE FMedSci is a scientist and physician who investigates molecular genetics and diseases in humans and specialises in cancer genetics; she has more than 90 publications in genetics concerning inherited predisposition to cancer, retinitis pigmentosa, hereditary motor neuropathy and sensory neuropathy. Haites is a Professor in Medical Genetics and the Head of College at the University of Aberdeen, College of Life Sciences and Medicine. In 2004, she was appointed as Vice Principal of the University of Aberdeen, representing the first female at the University to hold that position. She is also a member of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), a Government Advisory Committee member of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE), and a Biomedical and Therapeutic Committee member of the Chief Scientist Office (CSO) of the Scottish Office.
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In animals that hatch from an egg, such as birds, a young animal is typically no longer referred to as an embryo once it has hatched. In vivaparous animals (animals whose offspring spend at least some time developing within a parent's body), the offspring is typically referred to as an embryo while inside of the parent, and is no longer considered an embryo after birth or exit from the parent. However, the extent of development and growth accomplished while inside of an egg or parent varies significantly from species to species, so much so that the processes that take place after hatching or birth in one species may take place well before those events in another. Therefore, according to one textbook, it is common for scientists interpret the scope of embryology broadly as the study of the development of animals.
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S. C. Maheshwari, born on 4 October 1933 in Jaipur in the Indian state of Rajasthan, did his schooling in Jaipur and, later, in Dacca (in the present day Bangladesh). He moved to India along with his family after the Indian independence in 1947 and graduated in botany (hons) from St. Stephen's College of the University of Delhi after which he secured his master's (MSc) and doctoral (PhD) degrees from the same university. His post- doctoral research was on the embryology of duckweeds under B. M. Johri and he started his career at his alma mater as a member of the faculty of science in 1954. After 4 years of service, he obtained a Fulbright Smith Mundt Fellowship in 1959 and traveled to the US to where he continued his research at Yale University and California Institute of Technology.
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Currently, she is UK Adviser to the European branch of the World Health Organization on the revision of its Health for All policy, a member of the UNESCO Biomedical Ethics Committee, and Specialist Adviser to the House of Commons Science and Technology Select Committee. Between 1997 and 1998, she chaired the Department of Health review of consent provisions in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 and between 2000 and 2003, chaired the Independent Review Group on Organ Retention at Post Mortem. From 1999 to 2002, she was the first Chairman of the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission. She has been awarded honorary degrees by the Universities of Abertay Dundee and Edinburgh, and Fellowships of the Academy of Medical Sciences, Royal Society of Edinburgh, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Royal College of General Practitioners and the Royal Society of Arts.
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Nora Johnson also serves as co-chair of both the Brookings Institution and the Carnegie Institution for Science as well as on the boards of several other nonprofit institutions, including, The Broad Foundation, the Markle Foundation, RAND Health and the University of Southern California. She is an advisory board member to the Initiative on Financial Security at the Aspen Institute. Johnson is also a member of the Global Agenda Council for the Future of Financial and Monetary Systems for the World Economic Forum. She served as chairman of the visiting committee for the Institute for Innovations at Southwestern Medical School at the Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas (2003, 2004) and as a member of the visiting committee at the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institution of Washington (2000, 2004) and Harvard Law School (2006).
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In gestational surrogacy, the child is not biologically related to the surrogate mother, who is often referred to as a gestational carrier. Instead, the embryo is created via in vitro fertilization (IVF), using the eggs and sperm of the intended parents or donors, and is then transferred to the surrogate. According to recommendations made by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and American Society for Reproductive Medicine, a gestational carrier is preferably between the ages of 21 and 45, has had one full-term, uncomplicated pregnancy where she successfully had at least one child, and has had no more than five deliveries or three Caesarean sections. The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics recommends that the surrogate's autonomy should be respected throughout the pregnancy even if her wishes conflict with what the intended parents want.
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Juan R. Correa-Pérez, Ph.D. (born May 3, 1968, in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a scientist credited with becoming the first (doctoral level) clinical Andrologist and Embryologist established in Puerto Rico (1998). He has a particular interest and expertise in male-factor infertility. He is also certified as a High-Complexity Clinical Laboratory Director (HCLD) by the American Board of Bioanalysis ABB) in the disciplines of Andrology and Embryology. Dr. Correa-Pérez is a lecturer in the related fields of OB/GYN and urology. He has served as school of medicine faculty, an ad hoc member of the editorial staff of Fertility and Sterility (a leading medical journal in the field of reproductive medicine) and a reviewer for several other outstanding journals in the field, including Theriogenology, Journal of Men’s Health, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Diseases and the Middle East Fertility Society Journal.
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Augustine of Hippo "vigorously condemned the practice of induced abortion" as a crime, in any stage of pregnancy, although he accepted the distinction between "formed" and "unformed" fetuses mentioned in the Septuagint translation of , and did not classify as murder the abortion of an "unformed" fetus since he thought that it could not be said with certainty whether the fetus had already received a soul. The US Conference of Catholic Bishops considers Augustine's reflections on abortion to be of little value in the present day because of the limitations of the science of embryology at that time. Later writers such as John Chrysostom and Caesarius of Arles, as well as later Church councils (e.g. Lerida and Braga II), also condemned abortion as "gravely wrong", without making a distinction between "formed" and "unformed" fetuses nor defining precisely in what stage of pregnancy human life began.
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He had done some very good research work in connexion with the embryology of the marsupials, and on Australian earthworms. Later he took up the amphibia, on which he eventually became an authority. In January 1900, he was president of the biology section at the meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, and chose for the subject of his address "The Rise and early Progress of our Knowledge of the Australian Fauna", a work of much value to all interested in the history of research in the natural history of Australia. In addition to being secretary of the Linnean Society and editor of its Proceedings, Fletcher was an executor of Macleay's will and he had much work in carrying out the provisions of it as financial and legal difficulties arose in connexion with the appointment of a bacteriologist and the foundation of the research fellowships.
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Fishel has received honorary awards from countries such as Japan, South Africa, Austria and Italy, and has advised numerous international governments, as well as the Vatican. In 2009, he received an Honorary Fellowship from Liverpool John Moores University for his "outstanding contributions to the field of fertility treatment, including embryology and IVF". Fishel was named at number ten in the '100 hottest health gurus' by women's health and wellbeing magazine Top Santé in its September 2013 issue, selected due to his co-creation of the time-lapse embryo imaging process CAREmaps, a development Fishel himself called the most exciting and significant since he began his career. In a November 2013 issue of the journal Reproductive BioMedicine Online, Fishel called for the NHS to permit its IVF patients to take part in privately funded trials of new additional techniques, adding that the current position was "preventing progress".
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George Parker Bidder III, a prominent zoologist working in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, founded the Company of Biologists in 1925 in a bid to rescue the ailing journal The British Journal of Experimental Biology (now The Journal of Experimental Biology), which was founded in 1923 by Julian Huxley, Lancelot Hogben and Frances A. E. Crew. Bidder felt that the journal was crucial for this emerging area of biology so turned to friends and colleagues, selling them £5 shares in his newly formed Company of Biologists. Such was the company’s success that, in 1946, Bidder gifted the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science to them, which was later relaunched as Journal of Cell Science. In 1952 the company became a registered charity and a year later, in 1953, it accepted the gift of a third journal, the Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology (relaunched in 1987 as Development).
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She eventually received her PhD in Physiology from McGill University in 1954 under Benedict Delisle Burns, who helped Shanet work on her graduate thesis. She did postgraduate work in the Department of Anatomy at University College London for 2 years, but she returned as a junior faculty member to McGill shortly thereafter and began to work once again under Benedict Delisle Burns. As Shanet became interested in how connections among nerve cells are formed, she began to prepare herself for work in this area by studying with the eminent embryologist, Viktor Hamburger, at Washington University, and by taking the Embryology Course at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory. She was consequently invited by the well-known developmentalist, Paul Alfred Weiss, to join the faculty of The Rockefeller University, where she began her research on nervous system regeneration which has been her primary research field since then.
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In confirmation of these statements, it is sufficient to cite his graduation thesis, for which he was bestowed a gold medal, " On the Development of the Flower, and especially the Pistil, in the Caryophyllocece," and his papers on the Morphology of the Reproductive Organs of the Ooniferce, on the Embryo and its Appendages in Tropceolum, on the Embryology and Development of the Flower of Pinguicula, on the Spiral Arrangements of the Cones of Pinus pinaster, and on the Morphology and Structure of the Pitchers in Cephalotus and Nepenthes. On account of his eminence as a botanist and teacher, he was made honorary MD of the University of Dublin, LLD of the University of Glasgow, Fellow of the Linnaean Society, and President of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. Dickson took much interest in matters outside of his immediate professorial duties and scientific pursuits. He was a Conservative in State and Church politics.
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This perspective is what gave Margaret and Warren Lewis their place in the Department of Embryology at the Carnegie Institution. With so many avenues opened by cell culture to explore, Margaret Lewis and her husband diverged in their area of study, with Margaret Lewis choosing to focus on microbiological problems, which involved close observations of chick embryo intestines reacting to typhoid bacilli in the medium in which it was grown. Through the tissue culture techniques the Lewises had developed, these studies showed that infections and diseases were cellular phenomena in that infection was observed in an isolated system but the events occurred in a way that would be observed in an organism as a whole. In her work with chick embryos, Margaret Lewis studied connective tissue formation within the tissues as well as outside of an environment where factors involved in coagulation are present.
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Republican incumbent Paul Broun, who has represented Georgia's 10th congressional district since 2007, ran for re-election. In a leaked video of a speech given at Liberty Baptist Church Sportsman's Banquet on September 27, Broun is heard telling supporters that, "All that stuff I was taught about evolution and embryology and the Big Bang Theory, all that is lies straight from the pit of Hell." Broun also believes that the world is less than 9000 years old and that it was created in six literal days. In response to this, and as Broun is also on the House Science Committee, libertarian radio talk show host Neil Boortz spearheaded a campaign to run deceased biologist Charles Darwin against Broun as the Democratic candidate, with the intention of drawing attention to these comments from the scientific community and having him removed from his post on the House Science Committee.
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The comparative anatomist Richard Owen said in 1837 that "Zoological Science sprang from [Aristotle's] labours, we may almost say, like Minerva from the Head of Jove, in a state of noble and splendid maturity". Ben Waggoner of the University of California Museum of Paleontology wrote that Walter Pagel comments that Aristotle "perceptibly influenced" the founders of modern zoology, the Swiss Conrad Gessner with his 1551–1558 Historiae animalium, the Italian Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605), the French Guillaume Rondelet (1507–1566), and the Dutch Volcher Coiter (1534–1576), while his methods of looking at time series and making use of comparative anatomy assisted the Englishman William Harvey in his 1651 work on embryology. Armand Marie Leroi's 2014 book The Lagoon: How Aristotle Invented Science and BBC documentary Aristotle's Lagoon set Aristotle's biological writings including the History of Animals in context, and propose an interpretation of his biological theories.
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After graduation in 1901 with her Masters of Arts degree, Ludlow traveled to Manila, Republic of the Philippines, to visit a brother who was stationed there as an artillery officer in the United States Army. Approximately one year later, she returned to the States with her brother, who had contracted an illness, but during her stay in Manila, she began an association with military medicine that would endure for the rest of her life. In 1904, she was Lecturer on mosquitoes and disease at the Army Medical Museum in Washington, D.C. By 1907, she was Demonstrator of Histology and Embryology at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where she received her Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1908. Her doctoral dissertation was entitled "The Mosquitoes of the Philippine Islands: The Distribution of Certain Species and Their Occurrence in Relation to the Incidence of Certain Diseases".
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However, the rate of development can be affected by a range of factors; including the specific breed, the temperature of incubation, the delay between laying and incubation, and the time of year, raising the need to create a standardised system based on morphology rather than chronological age. There had been a previous attempt to create a morphological system for staging chick development by the German embryologists Keibel and Abraham in 1900, but this system lacked detail and was not widely used, with most researchers relying on somite number or age to identify the stage of development. Hamburger and Hamilton aimed to provide a detailed description of developmental events, modelled on an earlier system for Axolotl by Harrison. The Hamburger–Hamilton system provides advantages over the Carnegie system in that it allows the developing chick to be accurately characterized during all embryonic stages, and is used universally in chick embryology.
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A leaked video of a speech given at Liberty Baptist Church Sportsman's Banquet on September 27, 2012, shows Broun telling supporters that, "All that stuff I was taught about evolution and embryology and the Big Bang Theory, all that is lies straight from the pit of Hell." In addition, Broun is a young earth creationist, and believes that the world is only a few thousand years old, and was created in six literal days. In response to these remarks, coupled with Broun being on the House Science Committee, libertarian radio talk show host Neil Boortz spearheaded a campaign to run the English naturalist and evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin against Broun, with the intention of drawing attention to these comments from the scientific community and having Broun removed from his post on the House Science Committee. Broun won re- election on November 6, 2012, receiving 209,917 votes across the district.
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Homology of the hand to forelimbs (1870) The work by which Gegenbaur is best known is his Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie (Leipzig, 1874; 2nd edition, 1878), translated into English by Francis Jeffrey Bell (as Elements of Comparative Anatomy, 1878), with additions by E. Ray Lankester. While recognizing the importance of comparative embryology in the study of descent, Gegenbaur laid stress on the higher value of comparative anatomy as the basis of the study of homologies, i.e. of the relations between corresponding parts in different animals, as, for example, the arm of man, with the foreleg of a horse, and with the wing of a fowl. A distinctive piece of work was effected by him in 1871 in supplementing the evidence adduced by Huxley in refutation of the skull- vertebrae theory: the theory of the origin of the skull from expanded vertebrae, which, formulated independently by Goethe and Oken, had been championed by Owen.
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The Act made abortion legal in all of Great Britain (but not Northern Ireland) up to 28 weeks' gestation. In 1990, the law was amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act so that abortion was no longer legal after 24 weeks, except in cases where it was necessary to save the life of the woman, there was evidence of extreme fetal abnormality, or there was a grave risk of physical or mental injury to the woman. Furthermore, all abortion remains officially restricted to cases of maternal life, mental health, health, rape, fetal defects, and/or socioeconomic factors. The Ford sewing machinists strike of 1968, led by Rose Boland, Eileen Pullen, Vera Sime, Gwen Davis, and Sheila Douglass, began because women sewing machinists, as part of a regrading exercise, were informed that their jobs were graded in Category B (less skilled production jobs), instead of Category C (more skilled production jobs), and that they would be paid 15% less than the full B rate received by men.
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One of his earliest contributions was to move away from test tubes (hence the term 'test-tube baby') and towards the use of petri dishes with culture medium overlaid with paraffin oil in the practice of clinical embryology, a step which made it more practical when IVF was eventually used to retrieve multiple eggs during ovarian stimulation for the purpose of producing multiple follicles. Fishel demonstrated for the first time that human embryos secrete the pregnancy hormone hCG in a 1984 publication with Edwards and Chris Evans in Science that has been cited 196 times and identified by Outi Hovatta as the first description of the potential of IVF and stem cell technology in terms of medicinal benefit. He also demonstrated the need to permanently immobilise the sperm tail for successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In the 1980s, Fishel sought out Falmouth-based micro-electronics firm Research Instruments to help him develop tools for the earliest beginnings of sperm microinjection.
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Christopher Jones (born 1976) is an American innovator and venture capital investor with a strong interest in health economics, particularly as it applies to improving outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. In early 2003, he presented a report, first to then-British Chancellor Gordon Brown and then in the House of Commons, that led to policy changes to the maximum allowable number of transferred embryos during the course of a woman's in vitro fertilisation treatment. The Times in London reported that Jones' report induced immediate action by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority but divided fertility doctors: half viewed this as a good policy from a public health vantage point, the other half viewed the move as over-regulation in personal affairs. Regardless, Jones showed in a co-authored letter that was published in the New England Journal of Medicine that twins are six-times more likely to occur following in vitro fertilisation, compared with natural conceptions, even when only one embryo was implanted.
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Dr. Samar Alsaggaf, the first female Anatomist in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was the director of the Department of Medical and Health Science Programs at the Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission(SACM) to the U.S. in Washington, D.C. She is known as “The Mother of Saudi Students” by Saudi students in the United States. Before joining SACM, Dr. Alsaggaf has served as academic lecturer and physician with a specialization in anatomy, embryology, histology, and a particular expertise in the development of the nervous system. Also, she has experience supervising degree programs and functioning as chair and president of numerous committees and advisory groups. Moreover, she is award recipient and nominee for many awards worldwide including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates. Dr. Alsaggaf is very active in supporting women’s programs and curriculum development and in facilitating and bridging the gap between East and West, excellent negotiation skills, managing grand projects.
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In 1991, Rayfield went to Ridley Hall, Cambridge to study for the ministry, after which he was made a deacon at Petertide (4 July) 1993 at Chelmsford Cathedral and ordained a priest the Petertide following (26 June 1994), at Waltham Abbey, both times by John Waine, Bishop of Chelmsford. His ministerial career began with a curacy at Woodford, London (1993–1997) after which he held his only incumbency, as Priest in Charge (1997–2004, and later Vicar, 2004–2005) of St Peter's Furze Platt (Maidenhead, Berkshire). While at Furze Platt, he was additionally a part-time chaplain at St Mark's Hospital, Maidenhead (from 1997), and Area Dean of Maidenhead (from 2000; the deanery changed to Maidenhead and Windsor from 2003). He has also been a member of the Society of Ordained Scientists (SOSc) since 1995, and served on the Gene Therapy Advisory Committee (2000–2009) and on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority since 2012.
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Conception of the Human Individual in History, Philosophy and Science (Cambridge & New York, Cambridge University Press ), p. 28 This is called epigenesis, which is "the theory that the germ is brought into existence (by successive accretions), and not merely developed, in the process of reproduction," in contrast to the theory of preformation, which asserts the "supposed existence of all the parts of an organism in rudimentary form in the egg or the seed;" modern embryology, which finds both that an organism begins with an inherited genetic code and that embryonic stem cells can develop epigenetically into a variety of cell types, may be seen as supporting a balance between the views.For a discussion of the differences between epigenesis and the theory of preformation, see this: Stoicism maintained that the living animal soul was received only at birth, through contact with the outer air,A.A. Long, Stoic Studies (University of California Press 2001 ), p.
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During the crucial early months of the debate this and Hume's lecture distributed as a pamphlet were the only responses to Vestiges published by the established clergy, and there were just two other short works opposing it: a published lecture by the Anabaptist preacher John Sheppard, and an unorthodox anti-science piece by Samuel Richard Bosanquet. There was a wide range of readings of the book among the aristocracy interested in science, who assessed it independently without dismissing it out of hand. Sir John Cam Hobhouse wrote his thoughts down in his diary: "In spite of the allusions to the creative will of God the cosmogony is atheistic—at least the introduction of an author of all things seems very like a formality for the sake of saving appearances—it is not a necessary part of the scheme". While disquieted by its information on embryology implying human origins from animals, he thought its tone was good.
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The lower rate in Northern Ireland could be due to the fact that adoption processes can take several years to be completed, meaning some adopters are still in the process and may have been approved, but not had a child placed with them yet, and that because unlike in England and Wales where same-sex adoption was introduced in 2005 and in Scotland in 2009 by their respective parliaments, Northern Ireland only did so in 2013 after a lengthy legal battle. The legal position regarding co-parenting arrangements where a gay man/couple donates sperm to a lesbian couple is complex. Following the changes implemented by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, lesbian couples who conceive with donated sperm are likely to be treated as both being the parents of their child. If the lesbian couple a man is donating to are civil partners/married, the father's status will be automatically excluded.
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"Mesenchyme" is a term introduced by Oscar Hertwig in 1881. In order to differentiate the use of the word mesenchyme in invertebrate zoology (an ecto- or entomesodermal middle layer of some invertebrates) and the use in vertebrate embryology (that is, undifferentiated tissue found in embryonic true mesoderm - entomesoderm - from which all connective tissues like blood vessels, blood cells, the lymphatic system, and the heart are derived.), some authors prefer to use the term mesoglea (in wider sense) in lieu of mesenchyme when referring to the middle layers of sponges and diploblasts, reserving the term mesenchyme for the embryological sense. However, Brusca & Brusca discourage this usage, using mesoglea in its strict sense (noncellular mesenchyme), and preferring to maintain both the embryological and zoological senses for the term mesenchyme. Finally, some similar terms used in botany generally are differentiated by the suffix "a": mesenchyma (a tissue between xylem and phloem in roots), collenchyma (primordial leaf tissues) and parenchyma (supportive tissues).
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This 'recent origin' theory of human/ape divergence remained controversial until the discovery of the "Lucy" fossils, in 1974, definitively dated in 1992 as between 3.22 and 3.18 million years. Wilson and another PhD student Mary-Claire King subsequently compared several lines of genetic evidence (immunology, amino acid differences, and protein electrophoresis) on the divergence of humans and chimpanzees, and showed that all methods agreed that the two species were >99% similar. Given the large organismal differences between the two species in the absence of large genetic differences, King and Wilson proposed that it was not structural gene differences that were responsible for species differences, but gene regulation of those differences, that is, the timing and manner in which near-identical gene products are assembled during embryology and development. In combination with the "molecular clock" hypothesis, this contrasted sharply with the accepted view that larger or smaller organismal differences were due to large or smaller amounts of genetic divergence.
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In the United States, scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the University of California San Francisco, the Oregon Health & Science University, Stemagen (La Jolla, CA) and possibly Advanced Cell Technology are currently researching a technique to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce embryonic stem cells.Elizabeth Weise, "Cloning race is on again", USA Today (January 17, 2006, retrieved October 6, 2006) In the United Kingdom, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority has granted permission to research groups at the Roslin Institute and the Newcastle Centre for Life."Dolly scientists' human clone bid", BBC News (September 28, 2004, retrieved October 6, 2006) SCNT may also be occurring in China.Charles C. Mann, "The First Cloning Superpower", Wired (January 2003, retrieved October 6, 2006) In 2005, a South Korean research team led by Professor Hwang Woo-suk, published claims to have derived stem cell lines via SCNT, but supported those claims with fabricated data.
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Lacamo, through Ewing, instructed Peavy to read Isis Unveiled (1877) by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, a Russian philosopher and co-founder of the Theosophical Society whose ideas inspired the work of other artists like Hilma af Klint. The Bible and Christian Theology figured prominently in Peavy's work throughout her life. A 1946 article by Margaret Mara published in the Brooklyn Eagle reads, “Interpreting the parables in the Bible with a paint brush is the gigantic task undertaken by Paulina Peavy, modernistic painter, who has evolved some amazing theories following 10 years of biblical research.” But her philosophy of the cosmos moved beyond established theosophical and religious tests. She also recalls that Lacamo instructed her to “reduce all capitallised [sic] words in the Bible- to their low case and then wholly scientific meanings; as example- biology- embryology- etc.!” Through these synthetic visions, her philosophy and images combined modern conventions of science with historical religious philosophy.
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" Her first attempt at sharing her poems with others came when, at fifteen, she visited a cousin, a medical school student who was then taking an embryology class. Encouraged by a trip they took to the Chicago Museum to see fetuses and embryos at various stages of development, Derricotte, who was careful not to show her poems to her parents who never "even alluded to babies before birth ... [or] talked to [her] about sex," anxiously showed them to this cousin who pronounced them "sick, morbid." Faced with this unexpected rebuff, Derricotte remembers being faced with several choices: "I could have said something is wrong with me and stopped writing, or I could have continued to write, but written about the things I knew would be acceptable, or I could go back underground." For Derricotte, the choice was obvious: rather than risk ostracism for openly writing about the forbidden, she opted "to go back underground.
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She has been invited to give evidence to regulatory bodies including the Dutch State Commission on Family Law, the Swedish Government Inquiry on Surrogate Motherhood, the UK Law Commission, and the French National Assembly Parliamentary Committee on Bioethics. She was a member of the UK government’s surrogacy review committee in the late 1990s, a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics Working Party on Donor Conception in 2012-13, and is currently a member of the International Commission on the Clinical Use of Human Germline Genome Editing. Her research has been used as evidence in same-sex marriage legislation in a number of countries, including the US Supreme Court ruling in 2015, and in legislation on assisted reproduction such as the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 that allowed same-sex parents to be joint legal parents of children born through assisted reproduction, and the 2019 amendment that facilitated single parents becoming the legal parents of children born through surrogacy.
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The Anatomical Society, previously known as the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland or ASGBI was founded in London in 1887 to "promote, develop and advance research and education in all aspects of anatomical science". The society organises scientific meetings, publishes the Journal of Anatomy and Aging Cell and makes annual awards of PhD studentships, grants and prizes. The society was suggested in early 1887 by Charles Barrett Lockwood, a surgeon and anatomist at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London and the first meeting was held on 6 May 1887. Lockwood was elected as Secretary and Sir George Murray Humphry, Professor of Anatomy and the first Professor of Surgery at Cambridge University, as first President of the society. Two resolutions were adopted: “That an Anatomical Society be founded, and that it be called the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland” and “That the scope and object of the Society be the Anatomy, Embryology and Histology of Man and of Animals in so far as they throw light upon the structure of Man”.
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On the occasion of celebrating the centenary of the country, April 18, 1910, Cornelio Casablanca proposes the construction of Centennial Hospital and a School of Medical Education in the city of Rosario, putting on May 24, 1910 the foundation stone on France Avenue which begin the following year the works. After the construction, October 17, 1919 is proclaimed the law creating the National University of the Littoral officer under whose authority until 1968 this faculty. On April 9, hospital Vice Chairman Casiano Casas handed over the facilities, on April 13, 1920 registration begins, on 29 May performs a symbolic act of opening and the June 1, 1920 at 8:00 am Professor of Embryology and Histology Dr. Thomas Cerruti dictates first class their subject in his classroom. The great development in the city of Rosario of the National University of the Littoral soon showed the need to create the National University of Rosario, an initiative that took shape in 1968, using the academic structure that had the National University of the Littoral.
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Mitochondrial replacement therapy has been used to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases from mother to child; it could only be performed in clinics licensed by the UK's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), only for people individually approved the HFEA, for whom preimplantation genetic diagnosis is unlikely to be helpful, and only with informed consent that the risks and benefits are not well understood. Linked in HFEA announcement of the regulations issued 15 December 2016. Relevant mutations are found in about 0.5% of the population and disease affects around one in 5000 individuals (0.02%)—the percentage of people affected is much smaller because cells contain many mitochondria, only some of which carry mutations, and the number of mutated mitochondria need to reach a threshold in order to affect the entire cell, and many cells need to be affected for the person to show disease. The average number of births per year among women at risk for transmitting mtDNA disease is estimated to approximately 150 in the United Kingdom and 800 in the United States.
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In May 2007 O'Brien urged Roman Catholics to reject political candidates who support what he called the "social evil" of abortion, and said that such Catholic politicians should not expect to remain full members of the church.Cardinal sounds abortion warning, BBC, 31 May 2007 During March 2008, O'Brien highlighted the issue of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill being debated in Parliament, denouncing the government for a "monstrous attack on human rights" through its "evil" endorsement of "Frankenstein" experiments. Some scientists suggested that he intentionally used inflammatory language to stir up opposition to the bill; others argued he was sticking up for morals and forced the Government to allow MPs to vote freely on the issue. (Gordon Brown had originally imposed a three-line whip on Labour MPs, meaning they had to back the bill, regardless of personal convictions.) O'Brien himself narrated a five-minute video recording in which he stated the "many, many concerns" of the Catholic Church concerning the bill which was to be voted on in Parliament.
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Campbell graduated with First Class Honours in Law from the University of Aberdeen. He subsequently held appointments at the University of Dundee and the University of Edinburgh before becoming Professor of Jurisprudence at Queen's University of Belfast, where he was Dean of the law faculty and a Pro Vice Chancellor as well as Chairman of QUBIS Ltd. He was a member of the Standing Advisory Commission on Human Rights for Northern Ireland, the Legal Aid Advisory Committee, and the Mental Health Legislation Review Committee; he also chaired various committees of inquiry in Northern Ireland. He has previously served on the University Grants Committee as Vice Chairman of the Committee of Vice- Chancellors and Principals and as a member of the Board of the Higher Education Funding Council for England. He was chairman of the Northern Ireland Economic Council from 1987–94, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority from 1990–94, the Human Genetics Advisory Commission from 1996–99, and the Medical Workforce Standing Advisory Committee from 1991 to 2001.
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For example, the Universidad de los Andes has a program whereby the medical student could graduate with both an MD and a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, or an MD and a master's degree in public health. Admission to medical school varies with the school, but is usually dependent on a combination of a general application to the university, an entrance exam, a personal statement or interview, and secondary (high) school performance mostly as reflected on the ICFES score (the grade received on the state exam in the final year of secondary/high school). In most medical programs, the first two years deal with basic scientific courses (cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, mathematics, and physics), and the core medical sciences (anatomy, embryology, histology, physiology, and biochemistry). The following year may change in how it is organized in different schools, but is usually organ system-based pathophysiology and therapeutics (general and systems pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, parasitology, immunology, and medical genetics are also taught in this block).
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Smith has held a variety of roles in the field of science, including President Emeritus of the University of Nebraska, Emeritus Professor in the UNL School of Biological Sciences, Embryology Instructor at Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, Staff Scientist at the Argonne National Laboratory, head of Purdue University’s Department of Biological Sciences, and Executive Vice Chancellor and Acting Chancellor of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of California–Irvine. Smith has published almost 100 research papers and numerous abstracts in areas such as cell biology, developmental biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. As well as taking a role in the American Association for Higher Education, the American Association for State Colleges and Universities, the American Council on Education and the Association of American Universities, Smith has served on the following boards: the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs, the Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital, the Nebraska Arts Council, and the Nebraska Chamber of Commerce and Industry. He also enabled and supported the establishment of the Nebraska Bioethics Advisory Commission.
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Of his student days at Unification Theological Seminary (1976–78), Wells said, "One of the things that Father [Reverend Sun Myung Moon] advised us to do at UTS was to pray to seek God's plan for our lives." He later described that plan: "To defend and articulate Unification theology especially in relation to Darwinian evolution." Wells stated that his religious doctoral studies at Yale, which were paid for by the Unification Church, focused on the "root of the conflict between Darwinian evolution and Christian doctrine" and encompassed the whole of Christian theology within a focus of Darwinian controversies. He said: Wells said that "destroying Darwinism" was his motive for studying Christian theology at Yale and going on to seek his second PhD at Berkeley, studying biology and in particular embryology: Wells's statement and others like it are viewed by the scientific community as evidence that Wells lacks proper scientific objectivity and mischaracterizes evolution by ignoring and misrepresenting the evidence supporting it while pursuing an agenda promoting notions supporting his religious beliefs in its place.
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The development of the nervous system in humans, or neural development or neurodevelopment involves the studies of embryology, developmental biology, and neuroscience to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the complex nervous system forms in humans, develops during prenatal development, and continues to develop postnatally. Some landmarks of neural development in the embryo include the birth and differentiation of neurons from stem cell precursors (neurogenesis); the migration of immature neurons from their birthplaces in the embryo to their final positions; the outgrowth of axons from neurons and guidance of the motile growth cone through the embryo towards postsynaptic partners, the generation of synapses between these axons and their postsynaptic partners, the synaptic pruning that occurs in adolescence, and finally the lifelong changes in synapses which are thought to underlie learning and memory. Typically, these neurodevelopmental processes can be broadly divided into two classes: activity-independent mechanisms and activity-dependent mechanisms. Activity-independent mechanisms are generally believed to occur as hardwired processes determined by genetic programs played out within individual neurons.
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It implies that the planes of the brain are not necessarily the same as those of the body. However, the situation is more complex, since comparative embryology shows that the length axis of the neural tube (the primordium of the brain) has three internal bending points, namely two ventral bendings at the cervical and cephalic flexures (cervical flexure roughly between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, and cephalic flexure between the diencephalon and the midbrain), and a dorsal (pontine or rhombic flexure) at the midst of the hindbrain, behind the cerebellum. The latter flexure mainly appears in mammals and sauropsids (reptiles and birds), whereas the other two, and principally the cephalic flexure, appear in all vertebrates (the sum of the cervical and cephalic ventral flexures is the cause of the 90 degree angle mentioned above in humans between body axis and brain axis). This more realistic concept of the longitudinal structure of vertebrate brains implies that any section plane, except the sagittal plane, will intersect variably different parts of the same brain as the section series proceeds across it (relativity of actual sections with regard to topological morphological status in the ideal unbent neural tube).
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It was agreed by all European evolutionists that all vertebrates looked very similar at an early stage, in what was thought of as a common ideal type, but there was a continuing debate from the 1820s between the Romantic recapitulation theory that human embryos developed through stages of the forms of all the major groups of adult animals, literally manifesting a sequence of organisms on a linear chain of being, and Karl Ernst von Baer's opposing view, stated in von Baer's laws of embryology, that the early general forms diverged into four major groups of specialised forms without ever resembling the adult of another species, showing affinity to an archetype but no relation to other types or any transmutation of species. By the time Haeckel was teaching he was able to use a textbook with woodcut illustrations written by his own teacher Albert von Kölliker, which purported to explain human development while also using other mammalian embryos to claim a coherent sequence. Despite the significance to ideas of transformism, this was not really polite enough for the new popular science writing, and was a matter for medical institutions and for experts who could make their own comparisons.
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Nyhart, Lynn K., Biology Takes Form, p. 150 As Gegenbaur argued, the task of comparative anatomy lies in explaining the form and organization of the animal body in order to provide evidence for the continuity and evolution of a series of organs in the body. Haeckel then provided a means of pursuing this aim with his biogenetic law, in which he proposed to compare an individual's various stages of development with its ancestral line. Although Haeckel stressed comparative embryology and Gegenbaur promoted the comparison of adult structures, both believed that the two methods could work in conjunction to produce the goal of evolutionary morphology.Nyhart, Lynn K., Biology Takes Form, p. 153 The philologist and anthropologist, Friedrich Müller, used Haeckel's concepts as a source for his ethnological research, involving the systematic comparison of the folklore, beliefs and practices of different societies. Müller's work relies specifically on theoretical assumptions that are very similar to Haeckel's and reflects the German practice to maintain strong connections between empirical research and the philosophical framework of science. Language is particularly important, for it establishes a bridge between natural science and philosophy.
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Guranda Gvaladze (2005) Guranda Gvaladze (In Georgian გურანდა ღვალაძე, June 23, 1932 – January 24, 2020) ia a notable Georgian botanist, one of the founders of Plant Embryology in Georgia, Academician of the Abkhazian Regional Academy of Sciences (1997), Doctor of Biological Sciences (1974), Professor (1991). Her father Evgen Gvaladze (1900-1937) was a notable Lawyer and Publicist, one of the leaders of the National-Liberation Movement of Georgia of 1921–1937. She graduated the Biological Faculty of the Tbilisi State University (1956). In 1956-1959 she was a Post-Graduate Student of the Institute of Botany of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. 1959-1983 Research Fellow (1959-1966) and Senior Research Fellow (1966-1983) of the Institute of Botany. 1983-1990 Head of the Department of Cultural Plants, 1990-2003 Head of the Department of Plant Reproduction at the Ketskhoveli Institute of Botany. 2003-2010 Chief Research Fellow of this Department. Since 2010 to present Gvaladze is the Emeritus Scientist of the institute of Botany. In 1962 she received the PhD degree in Biology, in 1974 the degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences (Full Doctor). In 1991 she received the scientific title of Professor.
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The first Worldwide EndoMarch took place on March 13, 2014, and occurred in approximately 43 countries, with a flagship event held on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Multiple medical societies and medical schools co-sponsored the event, including the American Medical Association, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society of Reproductive Medicine, Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, The National Infertility Association, Howard University, and the World Symposium on Endometriosis and Oncofertility. Several U.S. public figures attended the first Washington, D.C. EndoMarch, including Oracle Co-CEO Safra Catz, Grammy-winning singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, Law and Order SVU Actress Stephanie March, MSNBC News reporter Mika Brzezinski, and TV Political Analyst Michelle Bernard. Public figures from other countries have also supported the international marches. The Second Annual Worldwide EndoMarch took place on March 28, 2015, and occurred in dozens of cities around the world, with fairly large turnouts in about 17 countries, and included demonstrations in several cities in the U.S., including Palo Alto and San Diego in California, Dover, Delaware, Hilo, Hawaii, New York, New York, Houston, Texas, and again in Washington, D.C.
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