By 1966, she was incorporating a car headlight into a textured surface, creating cyclopean assemblages.
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A symbolic statue of a mythical Portlandia sporting a trident knelt below a Cyclopean keystone.
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Named for Apollo's lover, it had its own Acropolis and a stretch of Cyclopean walls.
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Named for Apollo's lover, it had its own Acropolis and a stretch of Cyclopean walls.
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Its face features the Cyclopean red eye of the HAL-9000 supercomputer; nothing more needs saying.
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These machined spaces are cyclopean, seeming to stretch on forever, multiplying in complexity and, most importantly, appear to be alive.
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Now I'm here to meet James Sands, the youngest member of NYCFC's squad, as graceful and sweet as Pig Destroyer are cyclopean.
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Of course, the short, goggled and sometimes cyclopean minions are on hand, engaging in a prison food fight and dancing in a cancan-like production number.
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Set in a communist dictatorship inspired by the likes of Metropolis, Black the Fall divides the world between the gray oppressed masses and their thuggish, Cyclopean guards.
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The influence of Philip Guston is plain in "Selfie" (2014): the stubbly, boulder-shaped head of a man in bed holding his phone so close that its camera picks up only half of his cyclopean eye.
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Tomato sauce underlies the very good pepperoni pizza (it's actually chorizo, slightly hotter, and tangy) and the "eggs in hell" pizza, which has bacon and mozzarella arrayed around the cyclopean eye of a single sous-vide egg.
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Curated by Iria Candela at the Met Breuer, the exhibition is one of the last gasps of creative breaths the museum will have before its cyclopean building of granite rock becomes home to the Frick Collection next year.
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In the past, authors like August Derleth and Stephen King have mostly tried to ignore the prejudice, concentrating instead on Lovecraft's vision of a grotesque universe bent on humanity's destruction and the joys of his clotted, tentacular, Cyclopean prose.
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To gather enough for a sentence meant finding the strength of a hero of ancient mythology, some Heracles or Theseus, who built the walls of Troy from Cyclopean stones, each one bigger than ten normal men could lift nowadays.
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There are no prizes for guessing the decorative theme of the Ship, but, thankfully, it's not so excessively nautical as to present a drowning risk: benches and booths are subtly upholstered with off-white sails, and large ships' vents hang from the two-story-high ceiling, like Cyclopean worms poking their heads in to check out the space.
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Photograph by Robert Vinas, Jr. Courtesy the Estate of Malcolm Morley / Sperone Westwater In the mid-sixties, Morley uncorked a novel style—painstakingly copying banal postcard, travel-brochure, and calendar images of ships and vacation spots or of reproduced paintings, most notably Vermeer's "The Art of Painting"—which art historians generally credit as the starting gun for Photo-Realism, a movement that engaged scores of painters in diffident imitations of the camera's Cyclopean eye.
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Foundations of Cyclopean Perception () is a book by Bela Julesz, published in 1971.Julesz, B. (1971). Foundations of Cyclopean Perception. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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Cyclopean Isles seen from Lachea Panoramic view of the Cyclopean Isles as seen from Capo Mulini The Cyclopean Isles (Italian:Isole Ciclopi), noted for their rows of basaltic columns piled one above another, lie not far from Mount Etna off the eastern coast of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea.
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'Cyclopean' walls at Mycenae. Cyclopes were also said to have been the builders of the so-called 'Cyclopean' walls of Mycenae, Tiryns, and Argos.Fowler 2013, p. 53; p.
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Alternative terms for cyclopean eye include third central imaginary eye and binoculus. The term cyclopean stimuli refers to a form of visual stimuli that is defined by binocular disparity alone. It was named after the one-eyed Cyclops of Homer’s Odyssey. The term cyclopean in the terms of binocular disparity was coined by Bela Julesz.
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Objects in space are evaluated on different points of the retina. Binocular disparity is crucial for the brain to develop a cyclopean image. Cyclopean image is a single mental image of a scene created by the brain through the process of combining two images received from both eyes. The mental process behind the Cyclopean image is crucial to stereo vision.
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Gladstone's Preface to Mycenae pointed out that previously the architecture in the Argolid was being called "Cyclopean" after the myth of the Cyclopes, who built with large stones. In the book, Schliemann refers to Cyclopean walls, houses, bridges, roads, and the architects. When he refers to the portable art and its manufacturers, he calls them Mycenaean. The Mycenaeans were thus born from Cyclopean parentage.
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Formed about 500,000 years ago, the Cyclopean Isles are of volcanic origin and may at one time have been attached to Sicily. The Cyclopean Isles strongly resemble the Giant's Causeway on the northern coast of Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Staffa off the western coast of Scotland. The latter, closest in appearance to the Cyclopean pair, differs mainly in having the columns piled in terraces, one above another.
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Images with greater salience allow for an optimal use of a cyclopean image as important details can be extracted. In other words, an image of higher quality has more meaning to the eye. Although it has limitations due to the surroundings, cyclopean images can be very adaptive. Proposed technology wishes to use the ideas behind cyclopean imagery as a way to evaluate the quality of images used in search engines.
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Alternatively, the images with the binocular motion stimuli can be artificially created, for instance using dynamic random dot stereograms. Cyclopean (stereoscopic) motion and cyclopean images are aspects of so-called cyclopean vision – named after the mythical giant Cyclops who had only one eye – involving a mental representation of objects in space as if they were perceived in full depth and from a position of a "cyclopean eye" situated approximately between the two eyes. By definition, individuals who have only monocular vision do not perform stereoscopic motion processing. They rely instead on monocular depth cues to perceive motion in space (see also: kinetic depth effect).
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The Cyclopean Wall of Rajgir is a long wall of stone which encircled the entire ancient city Rajgriha (Present day Rajgir), in the Indian state of Bihar to protect from external enemies and invaders. It is among the oldest specimens of cyclopean masonry across the world.
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Norashen () is a village in the Tavush Province of Armenia. It has a museum and a cyclopean fort.
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Autostereograms take advantage of this process in order to trick the brain to form an apparent Cyclopean image from seemingly random patterns. These random patterns appear often in daily life such as in art, children's books, and architecture. Cyclopean image is named after the mythical being, Cyclops, a creature possessing one single eye. The single refers to the way stereo sighted viewers perceive the center of their fused visual field as lying between the two physical eyes, as if seen by a cyclopean eye.
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Several of Euripides' plays also make reference to the Cyclopean wall-builders. Euripides calls their walls "heaven-high" (οὐράνια),Euripides, Electra 1159, Trojan Women 1087-1088. describes "the Cyclopean foundations" of Mycenae as "fitted snug with red plumbline and mason’s hammer",Euripides, Heracles 943-946. and calls Mycenae "O hearth built by the Cyclopes".
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In order for stereopsis to occur, an individual must be able to make use of binocular depth cues, a skill the namesake of the term would not be able to utilize. Binocular disparity as it relates to cyclopean images has become an interest in research due to a rise in three dimensional technology usage. Three dimensional technology exists not only in research settings but in entertainment industries as well. Because cyclopean images are created using binocular depth cues, cyclopean images are important in understanding the surroundings of an individual in any given environment.
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The dam is a steel reinforced cyclopean concrete gravitation dam. Large rocks known as granite plums were mixed with cyclopean concrete during construction as a cost saving measure. The dam wall constructed with of concrete is high and long. The maximum water depth is and at 100% capacity the dam wall holds back of water at AHD.
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Stereoscopic motion, as introduced by Béla Julesz in his book Foundations of Cyclopean Perception of 1971, is a translational motion of figure boundaries defined by changes in binocular disparity over timeBéla Julesz (1971). Foundations of cyclopean perception. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cited by: in a real-life 3D scene, a 3D film or other stereoscopic scene.
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15 km west is the Patashar cyclopean fort. Northwest of Koghb are the ruins of Surb Arakel shrine in the old Arakelots village.
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These stone walls are spread throughout the world in different forms. One of the best example is the Cyclopean Wall in Rajgir, India.
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The systematic excavation at Iklaina IKlaina Archaeological Project – www.iklaina.org started in 2006, after a survey which had taken place in the five previous years. The archaeologists located residential buildings, dating to the end of the MH/ beginning of LH period, and to the LK I/II period. The discovery of a large terrace, 23 x 8 m, built in the Cyclopean building system using massive blocks of stone, proved to be particularly important. The “Cyclopean Terrace”, as it was called, supported a large building, of the “megaron” type, with possibly two or even three storeys (called the Cyclopean Terrace Complex).
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The first "Cyclopean" wall was built in the Late Helladic IIIA period then expanded to include Grave Circle A in the LH IIIB period.
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Directly west of the town is a prominent hill with a fort known as Machigadh (माचीगड किल्ला). Rock-cut cisterns and cyclopean masonry mark the remains.
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Deliver Us from Evil is an EP by Kryst the Conqueror, an American Christian metal group. It was released on January 13, 1990 on Cyclopean Music Inc.
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Surrounding the two churches is a 13th-century cemetery with numerous interesting khachkars. Nearby is a cyclopean fort. Between 1950–60, an Aramaic inscription was found nearby.
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Nigavan (; until 1947, Danagirmaz and Damagermaz; from 1947–1967, Ovit and Hovit) is a town in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. The town has a cyclopean fort.
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The 58-foot-high cyclopean masonry dam and its powerhouse, storehouse, ten cottages and other structures were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
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His excavations in Iklaina brought to light an important center of Mycenaean civilization with Cyclopean walls, frescoes, paved streets, and the oldest record of Linear B of Mainland Greece.
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Artanish () is a village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. On a hill just to the west are the ruins of cyclopean fortresses, and nearby is a church and cemetery.
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Cyclopean wall of the Mura dell'Arce. Vetulonia has Etruscan origins. It was, by 600 BC, part of the Etruscan League of twelve cities.Mystery of the Etruscans Dionysius of HalicarnassusDionysius, iii.52.
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Figure 2 diagrams the perceived (subjective) values for a viewed object. Figure 2: Subjective values Point O′ represents the place from which the observer feels that he or she is viewing the world. For present purposes, O′ can represent the cyclopean eye (Ono, 1970, Ono, Mapp & Howard, 2002).In some theories the cyclopean eye is, in effect, approximately midway between where one feels one's eye are located in one's body image of one's head (Ono, 1970, Ono, Mapp, & Howard, 2002).
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This was because it was as though we have a cyclopean eye inside our brains that can see cyclopean stimuli hidden to each of our actual eyes. Random-dot stereograms highlighted a problem for stereopsis, the correspondence problem. This is that any dot in one half image can realistically be paired with many same-coloured dots in the other half image. Our visual systems clearly solve the correspondence problem, in that we see the intended depth instead of a fog of false matches.
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Zlatnica lays in one of the best preserved parts of the Muránska planina plateau. In the valley the Sviniarka stream eroded the karst rocks and created cave systems, waterfalls, cyclopean stairs, giant kettles, etc.
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Caiazzo has remains of Cyclopean or polygonal masonry walls, and under the Piazza del Mercato is a large Roman cistern, which still provides a good water supply. The Lombard castle is still in existence.
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The Castellazzo consists of an irregular pentagonal tower, which is made up of stones bound together by mortar. Parts of the structure also consist of Cyclopean masonry. Some of the remaining walls are up to 3.5m high.
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In the left eye a tree is seen behind the fixation through the window, appearing to be located on the right. When both eyes look at the fixation point, the house and the tree will appear superimposed in the cyclopean image, however the perceived location of these two superimposed images will be straight ahead. This demonstrates that the perceived location of a point is influenced by its location in both eyes and is relative to an imaginary cyclopean eye (or egocenter). Hering's window demonstration of his law of visual direction.
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Julesz was a Hungarian radar engineer who predicted that stereopsis might help to discover hidden objects, which could prove useful in the finding of camouflaged objects. The important aspect of this research was that Julesz showed using random dot stereograms was sufficient for stereopsis, whereas Charles Wheatstone had only shown that binocular disparity was necessary for stereopsis. There is a point of irony to the origin of the term cyclopean. The Cyclops from Homer's Odyssey would not have been able to see a cyclopean stimulus as he only possessed one eye.
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Tsamakaberd, is a residential neighborhood in the town of Sevan of Gegharkunik Province, Armenia. It is located to the north east of the town centre. It is home to a cyclopean fortress, and the historic district of Mashtotsner.
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Cyclopes p. 119. These master builders were famous in antiquity from at least the fifth century BC onwards.Bremmer, p. 140. The poet Pindar, has Heracles driving the cattle of Geryon through the "Cyclopean portal" of the Tirynian king Eurystheus.
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Vaghashen (, also Romanized as Vagashen; until 1935, Avdalagalu and Abdalaghalu) is a village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. There are two 16th-century churches in the village, and nearby are the ruins of Kyurdi Kogh and Aloyi Kogh cyclopean forts.
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Julesz used a computer to create a stereo pair of random-dot images which, when viewed under a stereoscope, caused the brain to see 3D shapes. This proved that depth perception is a neurological process.Julesz, B. (1971). Foundations of Cyclopean Perception, .
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53 n. 206. Although they can be seen as being distinct, the Cyclopean wall-builders share several features with the Hesiodic Cyclopes: both groups are craftsmen of supernatural skill, possessing enormous strength, who lived in primordial times.Fowler 2013, p. 53.
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Thucydides also reports the local belief that Hephaestus (along with his Cyclopean assistants?) had his forge on the Aeolian island of Vulcano.Thucydides, 3.88. Euripides locates Odysseus' Cyclopes on the island of Sicily, near the volcano Mount Etna,Euripides, Cyclops 114.
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Rebikoff, D., 1972, Precision Underwater Photomosaic Techniques for Archaeological Mapping; Interim Experiment on the Bimini 'Cyclopean' Complex. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration. v. 1, pp. 184-186.Rebikoff, D., 1979, Underwater archeology: Photogrammetry of artifacts near Bimini.
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Koghb (), is a major village and rural community located in the Tavush Province of Armenia, located near the town of Noyemberyan. Mshkavank also known as Mshakavank, with a restored church of Astvatsatsin, gavit, a 5th-6th- century Tsghakhach church, 6th-century Tvarageghtsi church and cemetery of the 12th-13th centuries are somewhere on the mountain 3–4 km southwest of the town. 1.5 km southeast is the Berdategh cyclopean fort, and also possibly in close proximity is the fort of Gharanots Gol. West of Koghb 10 km are two cyclopean forts, Zikurati and Kozmani, with Bronze Age tomb fields adjacent.
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Dynamic random-dot stereograms consist in a moving stereoscopic (cyclopean) form made of moving random dots, camouflaged by further random dots. The observer is to make a perceptual judgment about the shape and/or motion of the dichoptically presented moving form. When presented with a dynamic random dot stereogram with stereoscopic (cyclopean) motion stimuli, stereoscopic motion is perceived by persons with normal binocular vision and more generally by those who have sufficient binocular vision for the task. Dynamic random dot stereograms containing binocular motion stimuli can be designed to test whether a subject has at least rudimentary stereopsis.
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Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 845-846. He calls Argos "the city built by the Cyclopes",Euripides, Heracles 15. refers to "the temples the Cyclopes built"Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 152. and describes the "fortress of Perseus" as "the work of Cyclopean hands".
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Sevan Monastery The territory of modern-day Sevan has been populated since the 3rd millennium BC. The cyclopean fortress of Metsep dating back to the 3rd millennium BC stands just north of the city. Another cyclopean fortress known as Mashtotsner is located in the Tsamakaberd neighborhood of Sevan. After the establishment of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, the territory of modern-day Sevan was included within the Mazaz and Varazhnunik cantons at the east of the historic Ayrarat province of Armenia Major. The Sevan peninsula, located east of present-day Sevan, is home to one of the most notable samples of medieval Armenian architecture, the Sevanavank Monastery of the 9th century.
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It was first described in 1816 for an occurrence in the Cyclopean Islands near Catania, Sicily. From the Greek mesos, "middle", as its composition lies between natrolite and scolecite. Like other zeolites, mesolite occurs as void fillings in amygdaloidal basalt also in andesites and hydrothermal veins.
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1 which also connects these Cyclopes with Lycia, see Fowler 2013, p. 36 n. 121. The late fifth and early fourth-century BC comic poet Nicophon wrote a play called either Cheirogastores or Encheirogastores (Hands-to-Mouth), which is thought to have been about these Cyclopean wall-builders.Storey, pp.
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Getik (; formerly, Nor Bashkend or Nor Bashgyukh - meaning New Chief Village) is a small village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It was founded in 1922 by settlers from Hin Bashkend, and has megalithic monuments, khachkars and an Iron Age cyclopean fort by the name of "Mughani Khach".
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Yeranos (; also Romanized), is a major village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It has a church of S. Astvatsatsin dating back to 1215, as well as Tukh Manuk and S. Sofia shrines. Following the Gavar-Martuni road, near the chicken farm are the remains of a cyclopean fort.
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There were also a gymnasium and a sanctuary outside the walls. Blavatsky and his followers lent their support to Rostovtzeff's theory that the most ancient line of cyclopean walls at Charax was erected by the Tauri before the arrival of Romans,"In Charax, the Roman defences consisted partially of cyclopean walls erected by the Tauri and two new lines of fairly carelessly laid stone walls. Most of the buildings were concentrated in quite a small area (not above a hectare and a half) enclosed by the upper wall. In this area there were small stone and brick houses, water drains made of clay pipes and a reservoir with a mosaic portrayal of an octopus".
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The ruined Digambar Jain Temple is beside the Varāha Narasiṃha temple to the south-east. It is built of cyclopean masonry and lacks a spire. The maṇḍapa is enclosed and supported by turned and carved pillars of the late medieval type. The temple dates to the 11th or 12th century.
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1 m and is made in the typical Mycenaean manner of Cyclopean stones. The structure is long, wide at the base and high. The width of the roadway atop is about . The sophisticated layout of the bridge and the road indicate that they were specifically constructed for use by chariots.
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Vahan (; formerly, Ordzhonikidze or Orjonikidze) is a village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. When the village was founded in 1925, it was named in honor of Soviet politician and politburo member, Sergo Ordzhonikidze. Nearby upon a hill towards the eastern end of the village is an early Iron Age cyclopean fort.
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The females (called Ojáncana) are virtually the same, though without the presence of a beard. However, the females have long drooping breasts that like their male counterpart's hair, reach the ground. In order to run, they must carry their breasts behind their shoulders. The strangest thing about these peculiar cyclopean species is their reproduction process.
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New architectural features include Cyclopean walls, found on the Greek mainland as well and a certain type of rectangular stepped capitals, endemic on Cyprus. Chamber tombs are given up in favour of shaft graves. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks by the end of the Bronze Age, beginning so the Hellenization of the island.
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In his younger days, Hartley is reputed [reference wanted] to have worked for William Alexander Madocks at Port Madock (now Porthmadog) in Caernarfonshire, Wales. Examination of the piers of the Britannia Bridge there, across the River/Afon Glaslyn, shows cyclopean masonry of the type used by Hartley in Liverpool. The bridge can be dated c.
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In 1894, it was described as "the two walls, the curtains planted on an exact square, and the four towers draw together like a cyclopean pyramid very pleasing to the eye and, in fact, very elegant" by archaeologist and art historian . The castle has been managed by the Polo Museale dell'Emilia Romagna since 2015.
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The famous 2,500-year old Cyclopean Wall is located in the city. This area is also notable in Jainism and Buddhism.Jain Dharma ka Maulik Itihas Part-1, Ed. Acharyashri Hastimalji Maharaj, 1971 p. 739-742 It was the birthplace of the 20th Jain Tirthankar Munisuvrata, and is closely associated with the arihant Mahavira and Gautama Buddha.
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Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, was a Molossian princess. Remains of cyclopean walls in Skamneli also testify to the antiquity of human occupation. During the 9th–4th centuries B.C., a small Molossian settlement existed between Monodendri and Vitsa, including stone houses and two cemeteries which have yielded important findings.Prefectural Committee of Tourist Promotion: p.
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The construction of defensive structures was closely linked with the establishment of the palatial centers in mainland Greece. The principal Mycenaean centers were well-fortified and usually situated on an elevated terrain, such as in Athens, Tiryns and Mycenae or on coastal plains, in the case of Gla. Mycenaean Greeks appreciated the symbolism of war as expressed in defensive architecture, thus they aimed also at the visual impressiveness of their fortifications. The walls were built in Cyclopean style; consisted of walls built of large, unworked boulders more than thick and weighing several metric tonnes.. The term Cyclopean was derived by the Greeks of the classical era who believed that only the mythical giants, the Cyclops, could have constructed such megalithic structures.. On the other hand, cut stone masonry is used only in and around gateways..
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There is a heavy presence of fabulous beings of giant proportions and Cyclopean features (the ojáncanos), fantastic animals (culebres, caballucos del diablu (lit. horses of the devil, damselflies), ramidrejus, etc.), færies (anjanas, ijanas of Aras), duendes (nuberos, ventolines, trentis, trasgus, trastolillos, musgosu, tentiruju), anthropomorphic characters (the sirenuca (little mermaid), the fish-man, the cuegle, the wife-bear of Andara, the guajona), etc.
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"Cyclopean and many-columned Y'ha-nthlei"Lovecraft, The Shadow Over Innsmouth. is the only Deep One city named by Lovecraft. It is described as a great undersea metropolis below Devil's Reef just off the coast of Massachusetts, near the town of Innsmouth. Its exact age is not known, but one resident is said to have lived there for 80,000 years.
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The gun has long iron pieces in its interior, which have been bound outwardly by hoops. There is another gateway on the western side, behind the narrow passage of which there is a second gateway with an arch. The walls at this point are cyclopean in construction. There are guards’ rooms on either side of the passage of this gateway also.
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During excavations conducted in the archaeological site located 3 km southwest of Ayrum, the remains of a Bronze Age cyclopean fortress were found, along with small metallic sculptures of human face and several animals, dating back to the period between the 10th and 7th centuries BC. The community of Ayrum is served by a house of culture as well as a public library.
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Illyrian Coin found at Daorson, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Daorson was built around a central fort or acropolis, surrounded by cyclopean walls made of hugeUrbano biće Bosne i Hercegovine - page 27 by Seka Brkljača - 1996, "Its name was Daorson. It belonged to the illyrian sphere. Its 46 meters of the old fortress are preserved." stone blocks (similar to those in Mycenae, in Greece).
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In Versnel's view his contradictions—a foreigner with one of Rome's oldest sanctuaries, and a god of liberation who is kept in fetters most of the year—indicate Saturn's capacity for obliterating social distinctions.Versnel, "Saturnus and the Saturnalia," pp. 139, 142–143.Alatri's main gate of the cyclopean walls The Golden Age of Saturn's reign in Roman mythology differed from the Greek tradition.
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397, 401. Ancient lexicographers explained the title as meaning "those who feed themselves by manual labour", and, according to Eustathius of Thessalonica, the word was used to describe the Cyclopean wall-builders, while "hands-to-mouth" was one of the three kinds of Cyclopes distinguished by scholia to Aelius Aristides.Storey, p. 401; Scholia to Aelius Aristides 52.10 Dindorf p. 408.
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In Homer's Odyssey, they are an uncivilized group of shepherds, the brethren of Polyphemus encountered by Odysseus. Cyclopes were also famous as the builders of the Cyclopean walls of Mycenae and Tiryns. The fifth-century BC playwright Euripides wrote a satyr play entitled Cyclops, about Odysseus' encounter with Polyphemus. Mentions of the Hesiodic and the wall-builder Cyclopes also figure in his plays.
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"Cyclopean and many-columned Y'ha- nthlei"Lovecraft, The Shadow Over Innsmouth. is the only Deep One city named by Lovecraft. It is described as a great undersea metropolis below Devil's Reef just off the coast of Massachusetts, near the town of Innsmouth. Its exact age is not known, but one resident is said to have lived there for 80,000 years.
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The western church features high quality stonemasonry of the type known as Cyclopean with large, well-cut stones. The central church is also a one-roomed building, featuring a combination of older (possibly removed from the western church) and more recent (i.e. 12th- to 13th-century) features like the doorway. Like the middle church, the eastern one is built on a stone plinth.
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In 1879 Ewald Hering stated the following law: "For any given two corresponding lines of direction, or visual lines, there is in visual space a single visual direction upon which appears everything which actually lies in the pair of visual lines". Prior to Hering, both Alhazen (1021) and Wells (1792) addressed a similar questions but proposed slightly incorrect laws. Hering's law can be simplified as (1) points falling on the same visual line seem to come from the same location; (2) visual directions are relative to the a unique egocenter (also called cyclopean eye) and (3) the perceived direction of a cyclopean line is the line that intersects the point of fixation. In other words, when seen monocularly a point appears in the direction of that point relative to the eye, but as if seen from the egocenter.
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Cyclopean masonry in the southern walls of Mycenae The construction of defensive structures was closely linked to the establishment of the palaces in mainland Greece. The principal Mycenaean centers were well-fortified and usually situated on an elevated terrain, like on the acropolis of Athens, Tiryns and Mycenae or on coastal plains, in the case of Gla. Mycenaean Greeks in general appreciated the symbolism of war as expressed in defensive architecture, reflected by the visual impressiveness of their fortifications. Part of the galleries within the walls of Tiryns Cyclopean is the term normally applied to the masonry characteristics of Mycenaean fortification systems and describes walls built of large, unworked boulders more than thick and weighing several metric tonnes.. They were roughly fitted together without the use of mortar or clay to bind them, though smaller hunks of limestone fill the interstices.
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The "cyclopean" perimeter walls (built circa 650–540BC) are more recent than many of the buildings within A series of kidney-shaped chambers clustered around the south side of the original talaiot has been excavated. There are indications of other buildings in an elliptical central area measuring roughly 65m × 55m around the talaiot, and others within the massive outer wall of the settlement, also roughly elliptical, which measures some 140m × 105m. Built sometime between 650–540BC, long after the central talaiot and many of its surrounding buildings, this thick wall of cyclopean masonry consists of a base row of huge outer boulders, some weighing around 8 tonnes, with smaller ones (mostly now scattered) above them; it is faced on the inside with rows of smaller rocks. There seem to have been three entrances in this perimeter wall, which is about 350m long.
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Thus in 2012 she creates a site specific installation in Armenia, the Our cyclopean walls, which was a community building work that resulted in the cleaning of a village—where exist historical cyclopean walls—and creating a wall with plastic bottles, pieces of metal, paper and glass found during the cleaning process. In 2014 Mnatsakanian curated a show at the Museum of modern art, Yerevan, Armenia with Edmond Habetian from France and Catherine Aeschlimann, Geneviève Petermann, Josette Taramarcaz and Pier Giorgio de Pinto from Switzerland. The project was called “Come Closer” and the aim of it was to connect with the local public through interactive artworks and various events. Mnatsakanian created an interactive installation called Message in a bottle for this exhibition. One person died book and booklets 2015 was the centennial of the Armenian Genocide.
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The church is built from roughly coursed sandstone which was sourced within 3 km of the church. Its design contains elements of cyclopean masonry with a deep anta of 0.59 metres. The ashlar walling in the chancel is rare for a pre-Romanesque building. It is similar in form to Clonmacnoise and retains its original doorway, the lintel and architrave of which denote its significance to worshippers.
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On the mountain above the village are the fine remains of the fortifications of a city built in the 6th or 5th century BC, in cyclopean blocks of local limestone. Within the walls are traces of buildings, and a massive terrace which supported some edifice of importance. This terraced settlement (Piano della Cività) later was the site of a Roman villa.C. Brouillard, J. Gadeyne, A. Rovelli. 2012.
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An "arrowslit" in the Shaori citadel. The Shaori fortress, formerly locally known also as Korogli (ultimately from Turkic Koroğlu), shares many topographical and architectural features with the Abuli fortress, another major cyclopean hillfort strategically located in the area around Paravani Lake. The Shaori fortress is built of large basalt blocks, without using mortar. It consists of two parts, each located on top of a steep peak.
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Vardenik (; until 1945, Gezeldara, Nerkin Gezaldara, Gyuzeldara, and Nizhnyaya Gezaldara), is a major village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia that sits along the Vardenis River. It was founded in 1828-29 by emigrants from Mush. There are the cyclopean fort ruins of Kaftarli 3 km south, with petroglyphs downhill along the bank of the river. Some churches and shrines can be found in the vicinity.
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Akunk (, also Romanized as Akunk’ and Akunq; until 1935, Kirkhbulag or Ghrkhbulagh) is a village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It was founded on the site of a Bronze Age settlement and has a fort dating from the 6th-4th century BC. There are two Tukh Manuk pilgrimage sites in the village as well. West of Akunk is the Klor Dar cyclopean fort.
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Perfect Seventh: Ganman is a cyclopean Choujin with a large pair of antlers called the Elk Horns. His single eye is able to reveal the illusions and disguises of his opponents, as well as provide foresight into his opponent's actions. Due to this ability, he has a great disdain for individuals who hide their true nature. He faces Sneagator at the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
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At Tousa a Lycian inscription was found. The city was small, and surrounded by a rudely constructed Hellenic wall, very perfect in some parts, combining the polygonal and cyclopean styles in its construction. To Spratt and Forbes, Cyaneae appeared to be a city ranking in importance with Phellus and Candyba, but in a better state of preservation. Tousa is nearly 5 hours from the sea.
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Horom (, also Romanized as Orom and Horrom) is a village in the Shirak Province of Armenia. Located 1 km east of Horom and situated upon two large hills south of the main road and opposite of the dam and reservoir is the ancient Bronze Age through Urartian Citadel of Horom. Not far from this location in Ghak and Shvaghtapa are two Urartian cyclopean forts.
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We learn from Stephanus that Eutresis possessed a celebrated temple and oracle of Apollo, who was hence surnamed Eutresites. The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, in its description of the coast of Boeotia, speaks of ὁ λιμὴν Εὔτρητος καὶ τεῖχος τῶν Βοιωτῶν. Its site is located near modern Arkopodi, about from Lefktra (site of ancient Leuctra). Excavations have found some remains of Cyclopean walls of the Mycenaean period.
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240px Vicalvi (locally Ucalue) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located in the Valle di Comino about east of Rome and about east of Frosinone. Vicalvi borders the following municipalities: Alvito, Casalvieri, Fontechiari, Posta Fibreno. Sights include the Lombard Castle, built in the 11th century. There are also remains of Cyclopean walls built by the Samnites in ancient times.
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Athens has been inhabited from Neolithic times, possibly from the end of the fourth millennium BC, or over 5,000 years.Immerwahr, S. 1971. The Athenian Agora XII: the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Princeton. By 1412 BC, the settlement had become an important center of the Mycenaean civilization and the Acropolis was the site of a major Mycenaean fortress whose remains can be recognised from sections of the characteristic Cyclopean walls.Iakovides, S. 1962.
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During the Early Bronze III (2800-2500 BCE) the settlement expanded, with a fortified area extending over 30 dunams. This was subsequently abandoned until, in the Middle Bronze I-II periods (2000-1600) it was reoccupied and rebuilt, and girded by cyclopean walls built with stones measuring 3 by 5 metres.Jericke, p. 21 A cuneiform economic text, with 4 personal names and a list of animals,Jericke, 21-22.
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The first organized Hyborian kingdom to emerge was Hyperborea. The tribe that established it entered their Neolithic age by learning to erect buildings in stone, largely for fortification. These nomads lived in tents made out of the hides of horses, but soon abandoned them in favor of their crude but durable stone houses. They permanently settled in fortified settlements and developed cyclopean masonry to further fortify their defensive walls.
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The area of modern-day Tashir was probably settled during the early Bronze Age. A cyclopean fortress, as well as an ancient cemetery dating back to the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC respectively are found near the town. The remains of a 10th-century church are also visible in the town. Nowadays, Tashir is home to a cultural center, 3 public libraries, as well as a music school.
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Berdkunk (; also Romanized as Berdkunk’ and Berdkunq; formerly Akhkala and Aghkala) is a small village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. The village was once a transit point on the ancient road between Dvin and Partev. There are cyclopean fortresses nearby with megalithic tombs. One of the fortresses in particular is located along the eastern edge of the village and is known locally as Ishkhanats Amrots or Berdkunk Fortress.
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Archaeologists so far have uncovered large cyclopean walls with towers that surrounded the settlement. Within these walls were circular and square multi-dwelling buildings constructed of stone and mud-brick. Inside some of the residential structures were ritual hearths and household pits, while large silos located nearby stored wheat and barley for the residents of the town. There was also an underground passage that led to the river from the town.
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In Hesiod's Theogony, the Cyclopes are the three brothers: Brontes, Steropes, and Arges, sons of Uranus and Gaia, who made for Zeus his characteristic weapon, the thunderbolt. In Homer's Odyssey, the Cyclopes are an uncivilized group of shepherds, one of whom, Polyphemus, the son of Poseidon, is encountered by Odysseus. Cyclopes were also said to have been the builders of the Cyclopean walls of Mycenae and Tiryns.Fowler 2013, p.
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In the middle of the dam is a core, up to 11.5 metres thick, made of firmly tamped down, granitic sand. Left and right of that apparently 'normal' dam fill material was used. The up- and downstream sides were given cyclopean stonework walls made of large blocks of granite with a slope of 1:0.5. On the downstream side the dam measures about 19 m from its base.
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Alan Wace divided the nine tholos tombs of Mycenae into three groups of three, each based on architecture. His earliest – the Cyclopean Tomb, Epano Phournos, and the Tomb of Aegisthus – are dated to LHIIA. Burial in tholoi is seen as replacing burial in shaft graves. The care taken to preserve the shaft graves testifies that they were by then part of the royal heritage, the tombs of the ancestral heroes.
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One of the crew pushes his arm through the barrier, only to have it frozen. New features and forms begin to appear each time they are imagined by the crew. A familiar-looking village appears, complete with attractive women the various male crew members have known in the past. Soon, they must face a series of strange beasts including a giant bipedal cyclopean rodent and a lobster-like insect.
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The most interesting are the Makenats monastery, the basilica in Sotk, the chapels of Ayrk and Karchaghbyur, the tombs of 3rd-1st millennia BC, the Cyclopean masonry, and the medieval khachkars (cross-stones). In the centre of Vardenis is located the Church of Surp Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God), built in 1905, where the Armenian historian Hovhannes Tsaretsi worked. The church is surrounded with numerous khachkars dating back to the 14th and the 17th centuries.
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Naviform were constructed of dry stone, using the cyclopean construction technique. A flat stone with a half- buried base underlies the first course of very large stones. They continue upwards with more stones that get much smaller. A cross-section of a wall consists of three parts: the outer wall with the largest stones, the inner wall, corresponding to the interior of the cabin, and between them a filling of earth and tiny stones.
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A striking fragment is that depicting a ship with three human figures and dolphins, as well as a procession consisting of female figures. This building complex on the Cyclopean Terrace was completely destroyed in LH IIIA2 period and was never built again. New building activity was carried out in the northern part of the settlement, where the so-called Megaron Γ was constructed. This appears to have at least 3 rooms and a porch.
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Faience ryhton with enamel inlay, 13th c. BC, Nicosia museum Early in the 12th century BC the town was rebuilt on a larger scale; its mudbrick city wall was replaced by a cyclopean wall.Excerpt of wall mounted text in exhibit room number two at Larnaca District Museum. Around 1000 BC, the religious part of the city was abandoned, although life seems to have continued in other areas as indicated by finds in tombs.
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Aygül Süel has been the head of excavations at this site from 1996 onwards. In the first excavated region was a Cyclopean- walled building dubbed "Building A". Building A has yielded 3000 tablets and fragments. They were stored in three separate archives on an upper floor, which collapsed when the building was burnt. At Kadilar Hoyuk, 150 metres southeast of Building A, "Building B" has proven to be a depot filled with earthenware jars.
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The Abuli fortress () is a Bronze Age megalithic structure in the Akhalkalaki Municipality in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe-Javakheti. A cyclopean fort built using a dry masonry technique, it is located on the southern slope of Mount Patara Abuli, at an elevation of 2670 meters above sea level, in the Lesser Caucasus mountains, southeast of Paravani Lake. The fortress is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.
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Some have argued on the basis of the existing visible structures that Temple Cronan was originally built to serve as a pagan temple. The current building had a window on the eastern wall as well as a small "Cyclopean" doorway on the west side, which is currently blocked by rubble. More conventional archaeologists see an early Christian (i.e. pre-12th- century) structure that was likely rebuilt or altered in the 12th and 15th centuries.
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It is believed that it was built before the time of usage of metal tools. Arthur Maurice Hocart noted that cyclopean style stone walls were used for the fortress, and square hammered stones were used for the ramparts of the citadel. However, his note suggests metal (iron) tools were used for construction. Excavations work in this areas found a few stone forges, which proved Hocart's claim on the usage of metal tools.
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Headed east up the side of the ravine behind the monastery not too far away is a large but now broken khachkar monument. Also in the vicinity just south of Artsvanist is an early cemetery and remains of a church. Approximately three kilometers south of this is Kolataki Saint Astvatsatsin Church from the late 9th - early 10th century and Hnevank from the 10th century. Nearby is also the cyclopean fortress Bruti Berd.
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252-4, fig. 194. and this roof may still be in place. Cyclopean doorways have been studied by Peter Smith,P Smith, Houses of the Welsh Countryside, HMSO, (1988), Map 35 pp 485–6 who shows that they are distributed mainly in Denbighshire and Merionethshire. These massive arched stone door lintels were introduced at a time, probably around 1600, when stone walling was replacing timber framing and may encase an earlier timber structure.
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The walls and several of the buildings are of the Cyclopean masonry, with massive gateways formed of three immense stones. The tombs are innumerable, and the inscriptions are in the Lycian characters, but Greek also occurs often on the same tombs. Some of these rock-tombs are adorned with fine and rich sculptures. The Christian bishopric of Pinara, no longer a residential see, is included in the Catholic Church' list of titular sees.
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A major down side of the game was that early Kaypros were not able to flip text characters. As a result, the CatChum Pac- Man was always facing right, even when chomping pills on its left. 3-Demon is a 3D vector-graphics Pac-Man clone developed by PC Research in 1983 for MS- DOS. As opposed to using a single screen maze, the game is placed in a 3D first-person perspective, with the ghosts being cyclopean demons.
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Kassope was protected on the south and east by strong Cyclopean polygonal walls, which are preserved in several places. The total length of the walls is estimated at 6 km and the maximum height was 10 m, and width 3-5 m. The city had two main entrances; east and west. The east gate of Kassope is entered today by tourists and protected by a large metal gate, which rescued the slot on the rock [6] .
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Today the church shows "a curious mix of styles" from a number of periods. The oldest part likely is the north wall of the nave showing (now plaster-covered) cyclopean masonry, this turn- of-the-first-millennium building may have been aisled. One 19th-century visitor was unimpressed by the cathedral's appearance: "The attempt at a tower is conspicuously mean and hideous. A pile of emigrants' luggage with a rabbit- hutch or bird-cage overhead would look equally imposing".
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Off the coast of Aci Trezza are three tall, prominent sea stacks. According to local legend, these were the great stones thrown at Odysseus in the epic poem The Odyssey by the monster Cyclops. The islands are thus referred to as the "isole dei ciclopi" (islands of the Cyclops, or Cyclopean Isles) by locals. This complements the notion that the Cyclops once had a smithy below Mount Etna, which looms over the village to the northwest.
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In some cases, arrangements were also made for the creation of subterranean passages which led to underground cisterns. Tiryns, Midea and Athens expanded their defences with new cyclopean-style walls.. The extension program in Mycenae almost doubled the fortified area of the citadel. To this phase of extension belongs the impressive Lion Gate, the main entrance into the Mycenaean acropolis. It appears that after this first wave of destruction a short-lived revival of Mycenaean culture followed.
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There is a single gate, 1.9 m high and 1.75 m wide, which is roofed with a monolith 2.2 m long and 1.8 m wide. Large stones are scattered elsewhere. Between this wall and the mount there is a small medieval Christian church and several caves nearby, collectively referred to as the Abibos monastery. The second and third tiers are genuine "cyclopean" structures, characterized by large rocks, dry-stone masonry, and an unusual mode of arrangement.
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Lion gate and example of Cyclopean masonry at Mycenae Mycenaean gold ring, from Grave circle, depicting a battle scene and demonstrating that warriors, traditionally, held weapons in their right hand. Which meant a shield would be held on their left arm. Mycenae had a wall of large, irregular stones that were laid together without mortar. The walls of the citadel expanded over the Late Helladic III (LH III) period, the reason believed to be region competition.
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Well known locations for sourcing analcime include Croft Quarry in Leicestershire, UK; the Cyclopean Islands east off Sicily and near Trentino in northern Italy; Victoria in Australia; Kerguelen Island in the Indian Ocean; in the Lake Superior copper district of Michigan, Bergen Hill, New Jersey, Golden, Colorado, and at Searles Lake, California in the United States; and at Cape Blomidon, Nova Scotia and Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec in Canada; and in Iceland, and now in Namibia.
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Base ring vessel of Late Bronze Age In the later phase of the late Bronze Age (LCIIIA, 1200–1100 BC) great amounts of 'Mycenaean' IIIC:1b pottery were produced locally. New architectural features include cyclopean walls, found on the Greek mainland, as well and a certain type of rectangular stepped capitals, endemic on Cyprus. Chamber tombs are given up in favour of shaft graves. Large amounts of IIIC:1b pottery are found in Palestine during this period as well.
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The hexagonal Victoria Tower, consisting of six clock faces, is located between the now disused lock entrances. The tower was based on an 1846 design by Philip Hardwick and built by Jesse Hartley in 1847-8 using irregular shaped granite blocks. The tower is inscribed with the date of its construction: '1848'. South of the former river entrance is the former Dock Master's Office, also built by Hartley in 1848 using masonry in the Cyclopean style.
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Its site is located near the modern Tolon. Excavations made from 1922 by Swedish archaeologists led by Axel W. Persson (and involving the then Crown Prince Gustav Adolf of Sweden) found the acropolis of ancient Asine surrounded by a Cyclopean wall (much modified in the Hellenistic era) and a Mycenaean era necropolis with many Mycenaean chamber tombs containing skeletal remains and grave goods. Excavations have continued since the 1920s almost continuously under the Swedish Institute at Athens.Richard Stillwell, ed.
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Spyropoulos discovered an alternative site for the palace of Menelaus at Pellana located 25 kilometers north of Sparta. The site itself is near a series of large Mycenean chamber tombs. This has led Spyropoulos to believe that his excavations uncovered the lost Homeric capital of Laconia. The palace itself is 32 meters by 14 meters and is dated to around 1200 BC. Cyclopean walls surround the palace and a wide road leads up to the entrance.
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The late Bronze Age in Azerbaijan is known for the cyclopean castles which were mainly observed in the Lesser Caucasus region (Dashlitepe, Nagaradagh, Chobandashi, Pir Galachasi, Garatepe). The rich bronze objects discovered in the graves indicate that a military elite already existed by this period. Domestication of horses and the development of animal breeding have created seasonal migration. Horse bones found during investigations indicate that the horse played an important role in society and was worshiped.
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Commenced in 1917 and completed in 1926, the Chichester Dam is a minor dam on the Chichester River, a tributary of the Williams River, approximately north of Dungog. The dam contributes about thirty-five percent of the lower Hunter region's water supply. The dam wall is high and is long and was constructed using a cyclopean system of interlocking concrete blocks and large boulders with a volume of . The wall is anchored to the bedrock below it by 93 stressed tendons.
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The Shaori fortress () is a Bronze Age megalithic structure in the Akhalkalaki Municipality in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe-Javakheti. A cyclopean fort built using a dry masonry technique, it has an unusual plan, rhomboid with circular spaces, and is situated on the eponymous rocky mount, at an altitude of 2752 meters above sea level, in the Lesser Caucasus mountains, northwest of Paravani Lake. The fortress is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.
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In general, the spread of cyclopean fortresses is an archaeological testimony to the social changes in the South Caucasus in the Middle-to-Late Bronze Age, reflecting social differentiation and emergence of newly empowered elites. These forts were typically constructed on the steep slopes of mountains. Settlement distribution and cultural material suggest that those in charge of these hill forts exercised control over arable land and resources, but they may also have provided economic and defensive functions for their hinterlands.
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The masonry used to build the citadel wall surrounding Mycenae was of limestone. Due to the size and weight of these stones, too heavy to be lifted by an average human, later Greeks that discovered these fortifications believed them to be the work of the Cyclopes. Therefore, the stone walls' design was named "Cyclopean" masonry, due to the belief that these "giants" built the walls. However, archaeologists believe the walls were inspired by the fortifications of the Hittite capital of Hattusa.
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Horom Citadel (, also Romanized as Orom and Horrom) is an ancient Bronze Age through Urartian fortification atop two large hills south of the main road and opposite of the dam and Kamut Reservoir. It is about east of the village of Horrom in the Shirak Province of northwestern Armenia. Not far from this location in Ghak and Shvaghtapa are two Urartian cyclopean forts. Horom is considered to be one of the most impressive archaeological sites in Armenia because of its unique architecture.
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Ulcinj is an ancient seaport. The wider area of Ulcinj has been inhabited since the Bronze Age, based on dating of Illyrian tombs (tumuli) found in the village of Zogaj, in the vicinity of Ulcinj. The town is believed to have been founded in the 5th century BC by colonists from Colchis, as mentioned in the 3rd century BC poem by Apollonius of Rhodes. Illyrians lived in the region at the time as there are traces of immense Cyclopean walls still visible in the old Citadel.
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The structure's bowstring-arch design, while relatively common in roof trusses, is rare in bridges. May believed it to be the only such bridge in California at the time of its construction, and a Caltrans inventory of potentially historic bridges, completed in 1987, found no such structures. The abutments are made of unreinforced Portland cement concrete in the Cyclopean style. As wet cement was poured in the form, cobblestones were added by hand; the technique was common when cement was relatively expensive compared to labor.
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Tarragona is one of the most ancient cities of Spain, probably of Iberian origin, as its coins and Cyclopean walls indicate. The Romans selected Tarragona as the centre of their government in Spain. In the division of the peninsula it was the capital first of Hispania Citerior (Hither Spain) and then of the Province of Hispania Tarraconensis. The Church of Tarragona is undoubtedly one of the most ancient in Spain, holding as it does the tradition of the coming of St. James and St. Paul.
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Ulcinj Old Town (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Стари град Улцињ / Stari grad Ulcinj, ) or Ulcinj Castle (), is an ancient castle and neighborhood in Ulcinj, Montenegro. Today mostly inhabited by Albanians, it was built by the Illyrians and Ancient Greeks on a small peninsula at the right side of the Pristan Gulf, which is part of the Adriatic Sea. Today, oldest remains are the Cyclopean Wall. The castle has been restored many times since it was first built although major changes were made by the Byzantinians, Serbs, Venetians, and Ottomans.
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Fast Outgoing Cyclopean Astronomical Lens (FOCAL) is a proposed space telescope that would use the Sun as a gravity lens. The gravitational lens effect was first derived by Einstein, and the concept of a mission to the solar gravitational lens was first suggested by professor Von Eshleman,Eshleman in 1979, Von R., "Gravitational lens of the sun: its potential for observations and communications over interstellar distances," Science, Vol. 205, No. 4411 (1979) pp. 1133-1135. and analyzed further by Italian astronomer Claudio Maccone and others.
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In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its 'cyclopean' walls). A Greek phrourion was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or English fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as a border guard rather than a real strongpoint to watch and maintain the border.
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Statue in Frosolone recognizing its blacksmithing tradition. The region surrounding Frosolone was inhabited by members of the Sanniti and Osci Italic tribes, which were conquered by the Romans during the Samnite Wars. There are remnants of cyclopean walls built by the Samnites, locally called "Civitelle." As the name implies, they were likely part of a small fortress destroyed by the Roman Army probably in 293 BC; the historian Livy describes in this area the march of two Roman armies, headed by Spurius Carvilius Maximus and Lucius Papirius Cursor.
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Remains of the walls of the ancient city. The remains found on Kleidi Hill include cyclopean walls and remnants of a settlement that was occupied in the middle and late Helladic periods. To these periods there is also an extensive necropolis where rich grave goods have been brought to light. A large tumulus containing numerous tombs, excavated in 1954 by Nikos Yaluris, has been given the name of "Iardanus's Tomb" due to the passage of Strabo that mentions the existence of the tomb of that character in this place.
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The defensive walls were built in times of Julius Caesar, approximately between the years 68 and 65 BC, when he was quaestor of the city. This new fortification was aimed at replacing the old Carthaginian stockade of logs and mud. The walls were expanded and refined during the rule of his son Augustus due to the growth of the city; these were protected by cyclopean towers. The remains of the materials this stage are only recognizable in the material reused in Caliphate period in the new Walls of the Alcázar of Seville.
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The canal is owned and maintained by Canal and River Trust, the successor to British Waterways and is popular with local anglers, birdwatchers and walkers. The valve house, which controls the discharge of water from the dam to the canal and the Bosley Brook, is built of buff gritstone, with cyclopean stonework and a semi-circular entrance. It is the original structure built in 1831 and is grade II listed, as is the bridge with an elliptical horseshoe arch which carries the road across a stream at the eastern end of the dam.
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The former lies within a valley and is surrounded by low-lying hills, Rajgir hills. It is defined by an earthen embankment (the Inner Fortification), with which is associated the Outer Fortification, a complex of cyclopean walls that runs (with large breaks) along the crest of the hills. New Rajgir is defined by another, larger, embankment outside the northern entrance of the valley and next to the modern town. It was here that Gautama Buddha spent several months meditating, and preaching at Gridhra-kuta, ('Hill of the Vultures').
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Bonnanaro pottery Albucciu (Arzachena), example of proto-nuraghe Swords of the Bonnanaro culture (A2 phase) from Sant'Iroxi, Decimoputzu The Bonnanaro culture was the last evolution of the Beaker culture in Sardinia (c. 1800–1600 BC), and displayed several similarities with the contemporary Polada culture of northern Italy. These two cultures shared common features in the material culture such as undecorated pottery with axe-shaped handles. These influences may have spread to Sardinia via Corsica, where they absorbed new architectural techniques (such as cyclopean masonry) that were already widespread on the island.
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Abuli megalithic fortress The Abuli fortress, locally known also as Korogli (ultimately from Turkic Koroğlu), shares many architectural features with the Shaori fortress, another major cyclopean hillfort strategically located in the area around Paravani Lake. The Abuli fortress is a large and complex structure, built of 3-5-meter- high volcanic basalt blocks, without using mortar. It consists of the central fortified area, which includes the "citadel" with an area of 60×40 meter. The central area can be accessed through two gates from the south and the east.
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Mycenae is a city in the Argolid, in the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It was first excavated by Heinrich and Sophia Schliemann in the 1870s and is believed to have flourished in the Mid- to Late Bronze Age. The fortifications of Mycenae were built with the use of Cyclopean masonry. With the citadel built on a cliff, the architects created protection not only for the upper class that lived within the walls, but the lower-class farmers in the surrounding areas, who could find refuge there in times of war.
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In Roman times, the town was known as Volcei. It was the chief town of the independent tribe of the Volceiani, Vulcientes or Volcentani, whose territory was bounded north by that of the Hirpini, west and south by Lucania and east by the territory of Venusia. Some pre-Roman ruins still exist.Notizie degli scavi, 1884, 115 It became a municipium, and in 323 CE had an extensive territory attached to it, including the town of Numistro, the large Cyclopean walls of which may still be seen, 35 km below Muro Lucano.
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It probably replaced one, perhaps of wood, set up under the reputed founder in the 7th century, one "Cronan" who may have been Saint Cronan of Roscrea, who died in 640, or Cronan Mochua, who died in 637. Early features include the "cyclopean" masonry, trabeate doorway (with inward sloping jambs) and the small window in the west wall. Some parts of an older construction, such as part of a doorway, may have been reused in the 12th-century construction. In the 12th century Temple Cronan was a site for pilgrimages.
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First appeared in Evangelion 3.0, Mark 09 is piloted by a Rei Ayanami clone. It has orange and white armor and a cyclopean head with a single red eye, closely resembling Unit 00. It is first seen in the operation where NERV kidnaps Shinji from WILLE, with the EVA losing its head during the skirmish. The missing head is not restored and near the end of the film the still headless Eva reappears, wielding a massive scythe to hold back Unit 02 and Unit 08 on its own.
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Because images with higher salience provide meaning and context to a situation, technology utilizing this software would be able to sift through information and find what constitutes high and low quality images. A current topic in research is to create an artificial intelligence that would examine an image and generate meaningful and correct information. There are certain concerns when it comes to utilizing cyclopean images in advancing technology, one of which is eye strain. Another concern is whether the technology still functions when images are distorted in various ways.
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In "The Devil in Iron", an ancient demon, Khosatral Khel, is awakened on the remote island of Xapur due to the actions of a greedy fisherman. Upon reawakening, Khel resurrects his vast fortress which once dominated the island, including its cyclopean walls, gigantic pythons, and undead citizens. Meanwhile, Conan— a leader of the Vilayet kozaks— is tricked by an evil governor from Turan, Jehungir Agha, into pursuing Princess Octavia to the island of Xapur. Jehungir Agha plans for Conan to fall into a prepared trap on the island.
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The archaeological ensemble of Tarraco is one of the largest archaeological sites of Roman Hispania preserved in Spain today. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. The city of Tarraco is the oldest Roman settlement on the Iberian Peninsula, having become the capital of the province of Hispania Citerior in the 1st century BC. There are still many important Roman ruins in Tarragona. Part of the foundations of the large Cyclopean walls near the Pilate's offices are believed to be of pre-Roman origins.
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The two half images of a random-dot stereogram were essentially identical, except that one had a square area of dots shifted horizontally by one or two dot diameters, giving horizontal disparity. The gap left by the shifting was filled in with new random dots, hiding the shifted square. Nevertheless, when the two half images were viewed one to each eye, the square area was almost immediately visible by being closer or farther than the background. Julesz whimsically called the square a Cyclopean image after the mythical Cyclops who had only one eye.
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The remains of a cyclopean fortress dating back to the 2nd millennium BCE was found at the northern edge of Noyemberyan. The remains of the 13th-century Jukhtakeghtsi Church are found at the south of the town while the well-preserved Mshkavank Monastery of the same period is located around 2 km southwest of Noyemberyan. Currently, The community of Noyemberyan is served by a cultural centre, a public library, an art school and a school of music. Noyemberyan has the local "Kamut TV" station (since 1994) and "Tavush TV" also based in Noyemberyan (since 2010).
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A much-studied monument in this area that is argued to have been constructed at this time is a stone gate flanked by two carved sphinxes and cyclopean blocks covered in unfinished reliefs of a religious procession and hunting scenes. This procession depicts Hittite royalty and six priests approaching a god in the form of a bull, and a cast of entertainers including acrobats and jesters on ladders. The hunting scenes are on blocks directly above this procession. However, there is disagreement among scholars as to the exact construction date of this structure.
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The lakeside terrace is accessed through a tunnel dug into the lava rock, cyclopean work whose only purpose was to allow the emperor to climb the gentle slope of the hill to see the lake below. In 1910 the tunnel was cleared from the earth that had filled over the centuries, but since it ended outside the papal property it was closed at the villa Barberini wall. The tunnel is 100 m long and has a single skylight, around the middle. The height of the entrance on the side of Villa Barberini is 2.40 m.
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This was embellished with a new facade of conglomerate. On the western side a rectangular bastion was erected, long and wide, built in pseudo-ashlar style of enormous blocks of conglomerate. The term "Cyclopean" was therefore applied to imply that the ancient structures had been built by the legendary race of giants whose culture was presumed to have preceded that of the Classical Greeks, as described in their myths. Between the wall and the bastion, the approach narrows to a small open courtyard measuring , possibly serving to limit the numbers of attackers on the gate.
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Nitovikla is an archaeological site of a fortress located in the Karpas Peninsula. The Swedish Cyprus Expedition investigated the area in 1929, they discovered tombs dating to the Middle Cypriot III (1725-1600 BC) and excavated the fortress. The fortress was build on a hill that overlooked the plateau and it was made with Cyclopean masonry, it had a square shape with towers in three of the corners and flanking the entrance. The fort was used between the Middle Cypriot III and the Late Cypriot I (1725-1450 BC) periods.
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One of the earliest known to take a new spin on the invaders was in a pilot presentation made by George Pal for an unrealized War of the Worlds TV series. Though Pal's 1953 film is established as a basis for the look of the invaders and their technology (their war machines bearing no clear dissimilarities), there is no seeming intended continuation. These invaders, depicted only in production art, only differ in certain detail as they appear leaner and their cyclopean eye sporting apparently only a single color. The most notable difference is that these aliens are not stated to be Martians.
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The ruins of Kassope were visited and described by William Martin Leake in the early 19th century.Travels in Northern Greece: Volume 1 by William Martin Leake, 2001, page 252, "... marching from Acarnania into Epirus, pitched his camp near the city Cassopia 3. ..." Extensive excavations were performed by a Greek team under Sotiris Dakaris in 1952 and 1955, and in 1977-1983 by a team from the University of Ioannina together with the German Archaeological Institute, co-led by Dakaris, Wolfram Hoepfner, Konstantina Gravani, and Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner. The visible remains include the Cyclopean walls, an agora, a theatre, the prytaneion.
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Considerable remains still exist of the ancient walls, which were built in massive Cyclopean style, as well as of the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, where mysterious rites (Samothracian Mysteries) took place which were open to both slaves and free people (similar to the Eleusinian Mysteries). Demetrios of Skepsis mention the Samothracian Mysteries. The traditional account from antiquity is that Samothrace was first inhabited by Pelasgians and Carians, and later Thracians. At the end of the 8th century BC the island was colonised by Greeks from Samos, from which the name Samos of Thrace, that later became Samothrace; however, Strabo denies this.
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In the northeastern portion of the city there are the remains of ancient Elymian and Phoenician walls (Cyclopean masonry) indicating different stages of settlement and occupation in antiquity. There are two castles that remain in the city: Pepoli Castle, which dates from Saracen times, and the Castello di Venere ("Venus Castle"), dating from the Norman period, built on top of the ancient Temple of Venus, where Venus Ericina was worshipped. According to legend, the temple was founded by Aeneas. It was well known throughout the Mediterranean area in the ancient age, and an important cult was celebrated in it.
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Tiryns or (Ancient Greek: Τίρυνς; Modern Greek: Τίρυνθα) is a Mycenaean archaeological site in Argolis in the Peloponnese, and the location from which mythical hero Heracles performed his Twelve Labours. Tiryns was a hill fort with occupation ranging back seven thousand years, from before the beginning of the Bronze Age. It reached its height between 1400 and 1200 BC, when it was one of the most important centers of the Mycenaean world, and in particular in Argolis. Its most notable features were its palace, its Cyclopean tunnels and especially its walls, which gave the city its Homeric epithet of "mighty walled Tiryns".
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Scene of the Battle of Plataea, from the south frieze of the Temple of Athena Nike, British Museum (London) In the sixth century BCE a cult of Athena Nike was established and a small temple was built using Mycenaean fortification and Cyclopean masonry. After the temple was demolished by the Persians in 480 BCE a new temple was built over the remains. The new temple construction was underway in 449 BCE and was finished around 420 BCE. If still in use by the 4th-century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire.
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This tablet dates to the LHIIB-IIIA1 period, i.e. around 1450-1400 B.C., which makes it the earliest Mycenaean tablet of mainland Greece. Furthermore, during the excavation period of 2012, an open- air sanctuary was discovered, also unique for that period and for mainland Greece in general. Another important find of the same excavation period was a large rectangular building (Building X), in front of which passed a paved street, of an exceptionally elaborate construction, possibly a processional street, which led the way from the houses of the settlement to the complex of the Cyclopean Terrace.
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This was mixed with cement shipped in on the Hetch Hetchy Railroad and local boulders ranging from to several yards (metres) in diameter to produce a cyclopean construction material for the dam. Beginning in September 1921, the concrete was hoisted up a tower on the south side of the gorge, from which it could flow down movable chutes by gravity to the construction site. A total of of concrete was poured to form a dam standing above the riverbed and above foundations. The last concrete was placed in February 1922 and the dam was completed in May 1923.
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He has performed some good actions somewhat by accident, however, such as driving the first Dragon of Annoyia away by being launched at its nose (earning him the (self-given) title of Reakk the Dragon Boinker), and using the Evil Super Mop of the Heavens to clear a path to the Dimension of Lame. He was best friends with Psyk and Mospinispinosp before the former was promoted and the latter(s?) were killed. He was the only demon to stay loyal to Horribus during the Dimension of Lame invasion, while everyone else followed Psyk. ;Psyk/Psykosis : A portly cyclopean demon.
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Palaces proper are datable from c. 1400 BC, when Cyclopean fortifications were erected at Mycenae and nearby Tiryns. Additional palaces were built in Midea and Pylos in Peloponnese, Athens, Eleusis, Thebes and Orchomenos in Central Greece and Iolcos, in Thessaly, the latter being the northernmost Mycenaean center. Knossos in Crete also became a Mycenaean center, where the former Minoan complex underwent a number of adjustments, including the addition of a throne room.. These centers were based on a rigid network of bureaucracy where administrative competencies were classified into various sections and offices according to specialization of work and trades.
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The Avranlo fortress () is a megalithic structure in the Tsalka Municipality in Georgia's south-central region of Kvemo Kartli. A cyclopean fortification built using a dry masonry technique, it is located 0.5 km northwest of the eponymous village, on the left bank of the Ktsia river, at 1640 m above sea level. It dates to the last quarter of the 1st millennium BC. Avranlo is a megalithic complex arranged in three tiers of terraces overlooking the river canyon. The lowest tier, at the base of the mount, consists of an approximately 80-meter-long semicircular wall, which stands 3 meters high in places.
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There is > about it something essentially elementary, something primordial; and its > expression in architecture must, to be true, have something of the rude, the > Cyclopean. The emotion roused must be a sense of power, rather than that of > grace ... To produce a design for a Mining Building which shall in all > sincerity express its purpose and at the same time harmonize with future > buildings quite as sincere in the expression of their purposes--purposes in > almost every case of greater amenity--this has been the aim of the architect > in approaching his task in its artistic phase.
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Varro possessed a villa near it, in which later on Mark Antony held his orgies. Towards the end of the republic it was a praefectura, and under the empire it appears as a colony (perhaps founded by the triumvirs), though in two (not local) inscriptions it is called municipium. Strabo speaks of it as an important town; Varro mentions the olive oil of its district as especially good. The older Volscian Casinum must have stood on the hill (1,715 ft) above the Roman town (148 ft), where considerable remains of fortifications in Cyclopean masonry, of finely cut blocks of limestone, still exist.
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The Homeric Phthia of the Mycenaean period, capital of the Kingdom of the Myrmidons and of Peleus, father of Achilles, has sometimes been identified with the later city of Pharsalos (Greek: Φάρσαλος), now Farsala. A Cyclopean Wall which protected a city still exists today near modern Farsala, as does a vaulted tomb from that period. There is a theory that claimed the existence of an earlier Pharsalos in the form of a locality identified as Palaepharsalus. This is supported by excavated remains of a fortified site called Xylades near Enipeus, which is located in the easternmost part of the Pharsalian territory.
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"The Whale" Bercy 2 is a shopping mall with 70 stores and 36,000 m2 located in Paris Charenton, along the bankside of the river Seine and the "Périphérique" ring road. Inaugurated on April 24, 1990, the building is only the third work of architect after the Center Pompidou. The cyclopean wooden structure, covered with 27,000 satin stainless steel tiles and pierced with oculus to let an overhead light pass, is completely innovative. Its curvature which follows the turn of a ramp on the ring road evokes a large airship, hence the nicknames "The Zeppelin" or "The Whale".
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The Lion Gate of the Mycenae acropolis, Greece, is dry stone. Some dry stone wall constructions in north-west Europe have been dated back to the Neolithic Age. Some Cornish hedges are believed by the Guild of Cornish Hedgers to date from 5000 BC, although there appears to be little dating evidence. In County Mayo, Ireland, an entire field system made from dry stone walls, since covered in peat, have been carbon-dated to 3800 BC. The cyclopean walls of the acropolis of Mycenae, Greece, have been dated to 1350 BC and those of Tiryns slightly earlier.
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The ancient chief town of the Aurunci, Suessa is sometimes identified with a site at over 600 m above the level of the sea, on the narrow south-western edge of the extinct crater of Roccamonfina. Here some remains of Cyclopean masonry exist; but the area enclosed, about , is too small for anything but a detached fort. This site dates more probably from a time before the wars between the Aurunci and the Romans. In 337 BC the town was abandoned under the pressure of the Sidicini, in favour of the site of the modern Sessa.
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After defeating the "obligatory boss battle" (a two-headed cyclopean alligator named Janice), Vince finds a tank of helium, which he uses to inflate himself and rise to the surface. Vince arrives in Crypt City, a massive cemetery full of zombies. After a second meeting with Bones McMurty, defeating some monsters, putting some of the resident zombies to rest and destroying a massive statue brought to life by Kosmo, Vince travels to Brusque Manor. The Manor is home to Dolly, a seemingly cute doll with a short temper who tells Vince that Madam Charmaine was taken to the Carnival DePrave.
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More commonly known as the Fanari lighthouse, this too was built during the British occupation, in 1829. The original building was destroyed in the earthquake of 1953, the recently restored present structure was rebuilt, complete with Doric-style columns, from the original plans. Buildings that weren't shattered by German bombing in 1943 were destroyed in 1953 by the earthquake that razed virtually all of Kefalonia, apart from the Fiskardo area, to the ground. Opposite the Archaeological Museum of Argostoli are the law courts, originally constructed by the British with stone from the Cyclopean site at nearby Krani.
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Jermuk occupies an area which is historically considered as part of the Vayots Dzor canton of the Syunik province of Greater Armenia. It was first mentioned during the 13th century by historian Stepanos Orbelian in his work History of the Province of Sisakan. The remains of an ancient cyclopean fortress and the ruins of an 8th-century basilica testify that the region around the fountains of Jermuk has been settled long before the 13th century. The area of Jermuk has been ruled by the Siunia dynasty between the 10th and 13th centuries, when Vayots Dzor was part of the Kingdom of Syunik.
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Exceptions were few—notably, ancient Sparta and ancient Rome did not have walls for a long time, choosing to rely on their militaries for defence instead. Initially, these fortifications were simple constructions of wood and earth, which were later replaced by mixed constructions of stones piled on top of each other without mortar. In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its 'cyclopean' walls). In classical era Greece, the city of Athens built two parallel stone walls, called the Long Walls, that reached their fortified seaport at Piraeus a few miles away.
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The remains of fortress walls, towers and ancient buildings were found during the excavations on Nebet Tepe. The oldest part of the fortress on the hill was built with large syenite blocks roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar, typical for the cyclopean masonry. archeologybg.weebly.com (in Bulgarian) The remains of the Western wall with the imposing quadrangular tower and its entrance are evidence of the Hellenistic period when the ancient town expanded and the fortress on Nebet Tepe became the citadel of the town's acropolis. There are also thick stone walls from latter periods and other ancient buildings.
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Three remain standing to nearly full height but the fourth was so ruined that its existence was not suspected until the recent discovery of the first course of stones and the remains of the capstone. Hidden beneath the paving around the pyramid was the tomb of Queen Hetepheres I, sister-wife of Sneferu and mother of Khufu. Discovered by accident by the Reisner expedition, the burial was intact, though the carefully sealed coffin proved to be empty. Group photo of Australian 11th Battalion soldiers on the Great Pyramid in 1915 A notable construction flanking the Giza pyramid complex is a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow.
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In addition to the structure outlined above, there are documented cases of organs of slightly different nomenclature from Reconstruction. For instance, a group of twenty men who were arrested on April 6, 1868, at their "den" at the corners of Beale Street and Hernando street in Memphis, was called the Supreme Cyclopean Council. The constitution that the police captured outlined an organization with a Grand Cyclops, Vice-Grand Cyclops, and Secretary and openly advocated assassination of the "murders and robbers" now ruling the South. Members were bound to participate in the activities of the order, even if it meant leaving the "embraces" of their wife.
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A viral campaign promotional website for 9 was launched. It shed some light upon the background of the 9 world. The trailer featured several machines: the Cat Beast, a catlike ambush predator that appeared in the original short film; the Winged Beast, a pterodactyl-style machine with movable blades in its mouth; the Seamstress, a hypnotic serpent; Steel Behemoths, large two-legged machines armed with a machine gun and poison gas missiles which can kill in a matter of seconds; the Fabrication Machine, a cyclopean, spiderlike machine with many multi-jointed arms; and Seekers, aerial machines with searchlights. Later trailers also reveal the existence of several small spiderlike machines.
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Thurston travels to New Zealand and then Australia, where at the Australian Museum he views a statue retrieved from the Alert with a "cuttlefish head, dragon body, scaly wings, and hieroglyphed pedestal". While in Oslo, Thurston learns that Johansen died suddenly during an encounter with two Lascars near the Gothenburg docks. Johansen's widow provides Thurston with a manuscript written by her late husband, which reveals the fate of everyone aboard the Emma. The uncharted island is described as "a coastline of mingled mud, ooze, and weedy Cyclopean masonry which can be nothing less than the tangible substance of earth's supreme terror—the nightmare corpse-city of R'lyeh".
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No archaeological excavations have been carried out at Abuli and Shaori, making it difficult to precisely date or assign them to any particular culture. In general, the spread of cyclopean fortresses is an archaeological testimony to the social changes in the South Caucasus in the Middle-to-Late Bronze Age, reflecting social differentiation and emergence of newly empowered elites. These forts were typically constructed on the steep slopes of mountains. Settlement distribution and cultural material suggest that those in charge of these hill forts exercised control over arable land and resources, but they may also have provided economic and defensive functions for their hinterlands.
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At high and almost in circumference, the columns are based upon the Greek Doric style of architecture. Hartley's decision to use cast iron was an economic one as at the time it was cheaper than granite. Nonetheless, because of the huge dock walls that were built, the Albert Dock's construction required so much granite that the dock trustee's had to open their own mine in Kirkcudbrightshire in Scotland. The quality of the build materials used as well as the docks sheer size are considered a strong illustration of the great prosperity that the Port of Liverpool afforded the city at the time and the building's style is described as cyclopean classicism.
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The Hesiodic Cyclopes: makers of Zeus' thunderbolts, the Homeric Cyclopes: brothers of Polyphemus, and the Cyclopean wall-builders, all figure in the plays of the fifth-century BC playwright Euripides. In his play Alcestis, where we are told that the Cyclopes who forged Zeus' thunderbolts, were killed by Apollo. The prologue of that play has Apollo explain: Euripides' satyr play Cyclops tells the story of Odysseus' encounter with the Cyclops Polyphemus, famously told in Homer's Odyssey. It takes place on the island of Sicily near the volcano Mount Etna where, according to the play, "Poseidon’s one-eyed sons, the man-slaying Cyclopes, dwell in their remote caves."Euripides, Cyclops 20-22.
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The Mura dell'Arce (cyclopean walls) date probably from the 6th-5th century BC, and aerial photography has revealed further stretches, which show the political and commercial importance of Vetulonia, which was famous for its goldsmiths. Under the Roman Empire, however, it shrank to a secondary center, with the northward spread of malaria. Little is known also about medieval Vetulonia: first fought over by the abbots of San Bartolomeo di Sestinga and the Lambardi family of Buriano, it was acquired by the commune of Massa Marittima in 1323. Nine years later it was handed over to Siena. The site of the ancient city was not identified before 1881.
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Six-story classic card castle A house of cards (also known as a card tower or a card castle) is a structure created by stacking playing cards on top of each other, often in the shape of a pyramid. "House of cards" is also an expression that dates back to 1645 meaning a structure or argument built on a shaky foundation or one that will collapse if a necessary (but possibly overlooked or unappreciated) element is removed. Structures built by layering in this way, such as Stonehenge, are referred to as "house of cards architecture", which dates back to the Cyclopean and Megalithic ages.Stern, Philip Van Doren,.
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The Aram Mandir and the garden within its courtyard, on the northern side of the fort complex, has a triple arched entrance "The Awani Darwaza" which was refurbished in recent times to get fine views of the Sagar Lake (an artificial lake); water from this lake used to be transported to the fort in pouches loaded on elephant backs and also by humans carrying water pots. The triple arch gateway with fortification walls above it is painted red and yellow. It is oriented in an east–west direction and faces west. The architectural features are of Indo- Persian style with cyclopean walls built with dressed stone and plastered with lime mortar.
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The chute of the Großer Ausflut The lower section of the Großer Ausflut Granite posts in front of the outlet. Behind: the upstream side of the cyclopean stone wall at low water Every reservoir needs a spillway which ensures that even under conditions of exceptionally high water, the water does not rise to an uncontrollably high level, possibly even pouring over the dam crest. On the Oderteich the spillway is located at the left hand (eastern) end of the dam. In the reservoir in front of the outlet are several stone columns, like standing stones in appearance, about 2.50 metres high and made of granite.
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" Carntemple or Kilbreckan lies in an area rich in ancient religious buildings. Westropp writes elsewhere, "Less than a mile to the north [of Clare Abbey] the grim stone faces on the ivied church of Doora stare across the swamp. Little over a mile to the east stands the venerable church of Killoe (Killuga in 1302), the cell of some Lingad, perhaps the earlier patron of Killaloe. About a mile from Killoe, the "Cyclopean" foundations, rude earthworks and well of Kilbrecan or Carntemple, mark the monastery, traditionally the earliest in Clare, founded towards the end of the fifth century by Brecan, son of Eocliy Baillderg, one of the earliest evangelisers of Thomond and Aran.
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In the 1953 film adaptation, the Martians are short, brown creatures having three-fingered hands with suction cups at the end of long arms and a cyclopean eye divided into three sections: one red, one green, and one blue. The bottom-half of the creature is never fully shown; but blueprints show three legs having each a single suction-cup toe, similar to those on their fingers; other art shows two legs. No description of the alien's internal structure is given; but they are revealed to have blood, and their anemic blood cells are viewed by scientists under a microscope. As in other versions of the story, the Martians succumb to terrestrial bacteria.
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The region of Tolofon along with the valley of Erateini were relatively densely populated in the prehistoric and early historic periods according, at least, to the archaeological finds. Architectural remains and burial traces dated to the Middle Helladic period have been excavated on the beach of Tolofon and around the rupestral church of St. Paraskevi. At the site of Mathiou (or Marathiou) there are some visible remains of a Cyclopean fortification, typical of the Mycenaean era, and some fortifications at the sites Bouhouri and Palaiokastro of Vitrinitsa are also extant. A Mycenaean settlement must have existed on the Pitha hill, as attested by the Mycenaean pottery and shards discovered on the spot.
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The wall stands almost entirely free, as at Arpinum – polygonal walls in Italy typically form embanking walls – and increases considerably in thickness as it descends. The blocks of the inner face are much less carefully worked both here and at Arpinum. It seems to have been an acropolis, and contains no traces of buildings, except for a subterranean cistern, circular, with a beehive roof of converging blocks. The modern village of San Felice Circeo seems to occupy the site of the ancient town, the citadel of which stood on the mountain top; its medieval walls rest upon ancient walls of Cyclopean work of less careful construction than those of the citadel, and enclose an area that measures .
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An old street in the city The modern town of Palestrina is centered on the terraces once occupied by the massive temple of Fortuna. The town came to largely obscure the temple, the monumental remains of which were revealed as a result of American bombing of German positions in World War II. The town also contains remnants of ancient cyclopean walls. On the summit of the hill at , nearly from the town, stood the ancient citadel, the site of which is now occupied by a few poor houses (Castel San Pietro) and a ruined medieval castle of the Colonna family. The view embraces the Monte Soratte, Rome, the Alban Hills, and the Pontinian Plain as far as the sea.
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Their placement formed a polygonal pattern giving the curtain wall an irregular but imposing appearance. At the top it would have been wide enough for a walkway with a narrow protective parapet on the outer edge and with hoop-like crenellations.. The term Cyclopean was derived by the latter Greeks of the Classical era who believed that only the mythical giants, the Cyclopes, could have constructed such megalithic structures. On the other hand, cut stone masonry is used only in and around gateways. Another typical feature of Mycenaean megalithic construction was the use of a relieving triangle above a lintel block—an opening, often triangular, designed to reduce the weight over the lintel.
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West of Sotk, around the nearby town of modern Vardenis, are some cyclopean fortresses, with corresponding cemeteries from the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, among which is Tsovak, where there is a cuneiform inscription by Urartian king Sarduri II. To the north is a settlement of the Kura-Araxes culture. Many other such ruins can be found near Sotk, such as in Chambarak, indicating the Lake Sevan basin was a significant region, controlled from centers like Ishtikuni (Lchashen) and confederations of chiefdoms, such as the Uduri-Etiuni (which seems to be at least partially Armenian etymologically) mentioned in Urartian sources. Elite tombs in Lchashen were rich with gold, which, according to metallurgical analyses, would have derived from Sotk.
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Ughtasar Sisian house of culture Sisian is surrounded with many historical sites dating back to the Paleolithic Age as well as the early Bronze Age. The Ughtasar Petroglyphs being one of the largest ancient petroglyph sites in the world dating back to the 12th millennium BC,Ughtasar: The Petroglyphs of Armenia are located few kilometers north of Sisian. The Zorats Karer archaeological site -often referred to in international tourist lore as the Armenian Stonehenge- of the 3rd millennium BC is located 3 km north of Sisian. The remains of a Bronze Age cyclopean fortress are found at the northeastern edge of the town, while 2 other medieval fortresses are found at the west and the northeast of the town.
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Niederau station from the track side, seen around 1860 Baroness von Werther, the owner of Oberau Castle, built the building and operated it at first as an inn. The half- timbered building was given a wood sheathing in 1862 and it was plastered with the appearance of Cyclopean masonry 15 years later. Also in 1877, the premises of the officials’ apartments were renovated and a station restaurant was built in the new rooms. Subsequently the building was used both for residential and station purposes. To emphasize the latter function, it received a station clock and the station sign that broke up the previously empty space on the building’s gable during a reorganisation in 1988.
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He has been extraordinarily productive in designing and discovering new reagents for organic synthesis. In conjunction with his deep insight into synthetic methodology, he has pioneered in the application of the computer to the design of synthetic pathways." # Donald J. Cram 1985 "For pioneering the applications of carbanions to organic synthesis, Wsterochemical control of synthetic reactions, host–guest chemistry, cyclopean chemistry, phenonium ions and internal return, open chain conformational analysis and stereochemistry of substitution reactions at sulfur. These studies have permitted increased efficiency of industrial processes, definition of stereochemical consequences, high levels of structural recognition in complexation, resolution of amino acids, quantitative production of optically active compounds from inactive starting materials, and modeling of biochemical transacylation reactions.
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The position of the original town is on the mountain far above the Roman town, and remains of its walls in Cyclopean masonry still exist. It was captured by the Romans in 293 BC. The city walls (in opus reticulatum) of the Roman town were erected by Tiberius before he became emperor, and are dated to between 2 BC and 4 AD by an inscription. Within the city walls are remains of a theatre and other buildings, including temples of Jupiter and Apollo. There still exists, by the gate leading to Bovianum, an important inscription of about 168 AD, relating to the tratture (see Apulia) in Roman days, forbidding the natives to harm the shepherds who passed along them.
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The Walls of Constantinople, a UNESCO World Heritage Site In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its 'cyclopean' walls). In classical era Greece, the city of Athens built a long set of parallel stone walls called the Long Walls that reached their guarded seaport at Piraeus. Exceptions were few, but neither ancient Sparta nor ancient Rome had walls for a long time, choosing to rely on their militaries for defense instead. Initially, these fortifications were simple constructions of wood and earth, which were later replaced by mixed constructions of stones piled on top of each other without mortar.
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Random-dot stereogram (RDS) is stereo pair of images of random dots which when viewed with the aid of a stereoscope, or with the eyes focused on a point in front of or behind the images, produces a sensation of depth, with objects appearing to be in front of or behind the display level. The random-dot stereogram technique, known since 1919, was much used by Dr. Béla Julesz and it, along with additional research, led to publication of an influential book detailing his theories and work on the basis of human stereo vision entitled Foundations of Cyclopean Perception. Later concepts, involving single images, not necessarily consisting of random dots, and more well known to the general public, are known as autostereograms.
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Though interesting on its own as a technique for producing sensations of depth in printed images, the discovery also had implications in cognitive science and the study of perception. The random dot stereogram provided insight on how stereo vision is processed by the human brain. According to Ralph Siegel, Dr. Julesz had "unambiguously demonstrated that stereoscopic depth could be computed in the absence of any identifiable objects, in the absence of any perspective, in the absence of any cues available to either eye alone." Dr. Julesz termed this 'cyclopean perception' based on his theory that the brain forms a single-image mental model of a scene, as a cyclops would, but with depth information added, despite receiving two disparate images from the eyes.
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The Acropolis is located on a flattish- topped rock that rises above sea level in the city of Athens, with a surface area of about . While the earliest artifacts date to the Middle Neolithic era, there have been documented habitations in Attica from the Early Neolithic period (6th millennium BC). Mycenaean chamber tomb in the Acropolis of Athens, 14th–13th century BC There is little doubt that a Mycenaean megaron palace stood upon the hill during the late Bronze Age. Nothing of this megaron survives except, probably, a single limestone column-base and pieces of several sandstone steps. Soon after the palace was constructed, a Cyclopean massive circuit wall was built, 760 meters long, up to 10 meters high, and ranging from 3.5 to 6 meters thick.
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The Middle Bronze Age was substituted with the Middle Bronze Age at the end of the third millennium BC continued until the beginning of the second millennium BC. The middle Bronze Age is characterized by “painted earthenware”, or “painted pottery” culture. Painted vessel from Kul-Tepe II During this period, much larger settlements were established, social and property inequality among the population started to increase, more sustainable relationship between the tribes resulted in emerging separate ethnocultural commonalities. Oval shaped settlements of previous periods replaced with houses with several rooms. Besides, cyclopean areas in mountainous territories started to be used from this period as strengthened settlements built with huge parts of rocks in order to protect the possessions of the tribal unions.
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As a side effect, some Martians developed the capability to engage in astral projection, and made contact with the other two races of the system: Humans on Earth, and a "fungoid race" on a distant planet. The Martians engaged in trade with the fungoid race, entering a golden age and building "labyrinthine Cyclopean structures" before entering a decline marked with a population shrinkage and increasingly decadent artwork. However, this collapse ends with a discovery beneath Syrtis Major: an underground series of impenetrable vaults that the fungoid beings explained as being the home of the elder godlike beings that were Mars's first masters, and would return from their undead dreaming when the stars were aligned.This is a reference to Cthulhu and his star-spawn.
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This translational motion gives rise to a mental representation of three dimensional motion created in the brain on the basis of the binocular motion stimuli. Whereas the motion stimuli as presented to the eyes have a different direction for each eye, the stereoscopic motion is perceived as yet another direction on the basis of the views of both eyes taken together. Stereoscopic motion, as it is perceived by the brain, is also referred to as cyclopean motion, and the processing of visual input that takes place in the visual system relating to stereoscopic motion is called stereoscopic motion processing. Provided the binocular motion stimuli correspond to a physical object moving in 3D space, the stereoscopic motion closely represents its actual motion.
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R'lyeh is characterized by bizarre architecture likened to non-Euclidean geometry. Norwegian sailor Gustaf Johansen, the narrator of one of the tales in the short story, describes the accidental discovery of the city: "a coast-line of mingled mud, ooze, and weedy Cyclopean masonry which can be nothing less than the tangible substance of earth's supreme terror—the nightmare corpse-city of R'lyeh...loathsomely redolent of spheres and dimensions apart from ours".H. P. Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu" (1928) The short story also asserts the premise that while currently trapped in R'lyeh, Cthulhu will eventually return, with worshipers often repeating the phrase Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn: "In his house at R'lyeh, dead Cthulhu waits dreaming". Lovecraft claims R'lyeh is located at in the southern Pacific Ocean.
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The Acropolis, also called Cecropia from its reputed founder, Cecrops, was a steep rock in the middle of the city, about 50 meters high, 350 meters long, and 150 meters wide; its sides were naturally scarped on all sides except the west end. It was originally surrounded by an ancient Cyclopean wall said to have been built by the Pelasgians. At the time of the Peloponnesian war only the north part of this wall remained, and this portion was still called the Pelasgic Wall; while the south part which had been rebuilt by Cimon, was called the Cimonian Wall. On the west end of the Acropolis, where access is alone practicable, were the magnificent Propylaea, "the Entrances," built by Pericles, before the right wing of which was the small Temple of Athena Nike.
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Schliemann had had created a culture name from his excavations at Mycenae and the conviction that the Cyclopean architecture in evidence there and at Tiryns was the work of the legendary civilization depicted in the Iliad and reflected in the Greek myths. In Mycenae he had transitioned from a general culture name to specific collections of artifacts: Mycenaean sculpture, Mycenaean jewelry, Mycenaean pottery, etc. According to the principle of archeological uniformitarianism, adopted in the genesis of cultural archaeology from geological archaeology, if Mycenaean is not just a place name, there ought to be an archaeological horizon, Mycenaean, of which the assemblage, Mycenaean pottery, is the indicator. The collection at Mycenae then would only be one instance of a horizon and an assemblage located at numerous as yet unexcavated locations.
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As Mr. America, Thompson also had a flying carpet which doubled as a cape.Unofficial Mister America Biography His friend Bob Daley dons a homemade costume (similar to that of the original Red Tornado) and becomes his sidekick, Fat Man, wielding a broom against the forces of evil. According to Jess Nevins' Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes, Mr. America "explores lost cities, fights ape armies, woos the Queen of the Malays, has a recurring nemesis in the person of the cyclopean Yellow Peril Gorrah, fights zombies, island demons, spies, the half-German, half-Japanese dwarf "master of assassination" Dr. Ito, and the female crime lord Queen Bee, and he kills lots of Germans and Japanese during the war". Bob's daughter, Janice, also adventured with the heroes under the secret identity of Miss X.
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Smith reported the theory of Charles Fellows that the site of Podalia was at Eskihisar (Turkish for "old town"), near Almalec, where there are remains of ancient Cyclopean town walls and rock tombs; but the Princeton Encyclopedia dismisses that theory, and another that would place Podalia at Armutlu, as lacking evidence. A better theory, it holds, is that the town was situated at a place still called Podalia or Podamia on a hill at the northwest corner of the Avlan Gölü lake, 16 km south of Elmali. It sees as even more likely, and indeed almost certain, a site at Söğle, where there are remains of a large town for which no other identification is possible, since the only other candidate would be Choma, now positively identified with Hacimusalar, southwest of Elmali.
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In the episode "A Bicyclops Built for Two", Leela meets Alcazar, a cyclops who convinces her that he and she are the last two members of their extinct race, only to discover that he is a shapeshifting impostor. Leela's parents' plan for concealing her origins works well until an industrial accident caused by environmentally irresponsible Bender brings Leela and her friends into the New New York City's sewer system where for the first time Leela meets her parents and discovers that she is not a cyclopean alien, but is actually a sewer mutant. In the episode "The Problem with Popplers", Leela's family name, Turanga, was used for the first time. The episode "Less Than Hero" establishes that among Leela and her parents, their family name is placed before the given name.
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Soghomon Tehlirian square with the house of culture in the background Soghomon Tehlirian's statue Maralik is home to many historical monuments. The archaeological site at the northeastern vicinity of the town is home to a cyclopean fortress and a settlement, both dating back to the 2nd millennium BC. The Saints Paul and Peter Church, and the Church of Saint Stephen the Protomartyr (both well-preserved from the 19th century), are also found in the town, while the late medieval chapel of Ghushi is located 4.5 km southeast of Maralik. The church of the Holy Mother of God (Red Monastery) rebuilt in 1903 on the basis of a 5th-century church, is found at the southwest of Maralik. Many khachkars, mainly from the early and late medieval periods, are found in the town.
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Achaeans, probably from the Greek island of Zakynthos, founded in the 5th c. BCE the town Zacynthos (now Zakantha or Sagundo), at the foot of the Peñas de Pajarito and on the west bank of river Palancia of the main river Ebro, in Iberia, in the Valencia province [Appian, Wars in Spain, 2], where the vestiges of an Acropolis, Temples of Artemis and Aphrodite, and a small Theater still survive. During the 5th century BC, the Iberians built a walled settlement on the hill overseeing the plain; a stretch of cyclopean limestone slabs from the former temple of Diana survives, close to the modern church of Santa Maria, but the settlement site is still older. The city traded with coastal colonies in the western Mediterranean such as Carthage and, under their influence, minted its own coins.
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Nisse on Christmas Card (1885) The nisse/tomte was often imagined as a small, elderly man (size varies from a few inches to about half the height of an adult man), often with a full beard; dressed in the traditional farmer garb, consisting of a pull-over woolen tunic belted at the waist and knee breeches with stockings. This was still the common male dress in rural Scandinavia in the 17th century, giving an indication of when the idea of the nisse spread. However, there are also folktales where he is believed to be a shapeshifter able to take a shape far larger than an adult man, and other tales where the nisse is believed to have a single, Cyclopean eye. In modern Denmark, nisser are often seen as beardless, wearing grey and red woolens with a red cap.
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In the 19th century, remains belonging to the so-called Cyclopean walls were found, and in the church a piece of white marble with a sepulchral inscription in the ancient Doric Greek language of the island. On another inscription was a decree of a "common assembly of the Cretans," an instance of the well known Syncretism, as it was called. The coins of Axus present types of Zeus and Apollo, as might be expected in a city situated on the slopes of Mt. Ida, and the foundation of which was, by one of the legends, ascribed to a son of Apollo. The situation answers to one of the etymologies of the name: it was called Axus because the place is precipitous, that word being used by the Cretans in the same sense that the other Greeks assigned to ἀγμός, a crag.
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They have other subtler senses, and put no windows in their > great houses and temples... The black rivers of pitch that flow under those > mysterious cyclopean bridges--things built by some elder race extinct and > forgotten before the beings came to Yuggoth from the ultimate voids--ought > to be enough to make any man a Dante or Poe if he can keep sane long enough > to tell what he has seen... Yuggoth is the planet where the extraterrestrial Mi-go have established a colony. The Mi-go's city sits at the edge of a pit wherein dwells an ancient and horrifying entity feared by the Mi-Go. They periodically abandon the city on those occasions when it rises from the pit and can be seen directly. The being Cxaxukluth, along with Tsathoggua and his parents, migrated to Yuggoth from Xoth.
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The remains of a cyclopean fort dating back to the early Iron Age, are found on a hill at the centre of the town. It is supposed that the fortress was the royal capital of the Velikukhi region within the Urartu kingdom. It was surrounded with more than 22 minor fortifications. The region of Velikukhi was conquered by the Urartian king Sarduri II. His son, Rusa II renamed the fortress in honour of Khaldi; one of the three chief deities of Ararat.Find Armenia:Gavar The Artsvakar neighbourhood of Gavar is also home to another Iron Age fortress, dating back to the 2nd millennium BC. Hatsarat Monastery After the establishment of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, the territory of modern-day Gavar was included within the Gegharkunik canton at the north of the historic Syunik province of Armenia Major.
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Considerable portions of the southern wall of the ancient citadel, built in massive cyclopean masonry consisting of limestone blocks, are still visible; and the two walls, also polygonal, which formerly united the citadel with the town, can still be traced. A calendar, which according to Suetonius was set up by the grammarian Marcus Verrius Flaccus in the imperial forum of Praeneste (at the Madonna dell'Aquila), was discovered in 1771 in the ruins of the church of Saint Agapitus, where it had been used as building material. The cathedral, just below the level of the temple, occupies the former civil basilica of the town, whose façade includes a sundial described by Varro, traces of which may still be seen. In the modern piazza the steps leading up to this basilica and the base of a large monument were found in 1907; evidently only part of the piazza represents the ancient forum.
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Though the series described Turanga Leela as a one-eyed alien in its first episodes, Futurama creator Matt Groening and executive producer David X. Cohen had in mind that she would turn out to be the child of sewer-dwelling mutants before the series was pitched to executives. The mutants later revealed to be Leela's parents appear as background characters in the season 2 episode "I Second That Emotion", providing an early hint at her origin. Later in the series it is revealed that her parents had given her up to an orphanage (styled an 'orphanarium') in order to give her a chance at living a normal life on the surface, passing her off as an alien due to her relative lack of distinguishing mutant features. According to Groening, the cyclopean but otherwise comely Leela subverts the science-fiction cliché of glamorously perfect female heroines.
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The centrally placed doorway may now be set under a massive stone cyclopean arch as at Faenol Fawr, Bodelwyddan or else under a fan arch of stone slabs as at Y Garreg Fawr. Y Garreg Fawr from Waenfawr in Caernarfonshire has been re-constructed at St Fagans and has been dated to 1544 The earliest example of a Snowdonia House dated by dendrochronology is Dugoed at Penmachno. This has been dated to 1516–1517."Dunn and Suggett"(2014)160-5 The nearby Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant, the birthplace of William Morgan, translator of the bible into Welsh, has been dated to 1565, but there is evidence that this was the re-building of an earlier cruck hall house of around 1500."Dunn and Suggett"(2014)128-35 The construction of the typical Snowdonia Houses continued into the 17th century, as at Cymbrychan at Llanfair which is dated 1612."Dunn and Suggett"(2014) 43.
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The story's narrator, Francis Wayland Thurston, recounts his discovery of various notes left behind by his great uncle, George Gammell Angell, a prominent professor of Semitic languages at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, who died during the winter of 1926 after being jostled by a sailor. The first chapter, "The Horror in Clay", concerns a small bas-relief sculpture found among the notes, which the narrator describes: "My somewhat extravagant imagination yielded simultaneous pictures of an octopus, a dragon, and a human caricature. ... A pulpy, tentacled head surmounted a grotesque and scaly body with rudimentary wings.” The sculpture is the work of Henry Anthony Wilcox, a student at the Rhode Island School of Design, who based his creation on a delirious dream of "great Cyclopean cities of titanic blocks and sky-flung monoliths, all dripping with green ooze and sinister with latent horror.” References to both Cthulhu and R'lyeh are included in letters written by Wilcox.
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In the Second Report of the Geological Survey of Indiana, published in 1871, State Geologist E. T. Cox wrote: One of the most interesting spots to visit, for obtaining a view of this character of scenery, is near the town of Shoals, on the road to the Indian Sulphur Springs. A high ridge of millstone grit, here, terminates within a few yards of the East Fork of the White River, from the top of which, there is a projecting mass of conglomerate sandstone, called the "Pinnacle," which stands one hundred and seventy feet above the level of the stream. Cyclopean blocks, that have broken off, lie around the foot of the ridge, in every conceivable position. On the north side of this ridge, the conglomerate has been cut through by disintegrating forces, which left, at some distance from the main ledge, a tall mass of rock, which has received the name of "Jug Rock," from the fancied resemblance which it bears to a jug.
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This treacherous transcontinental passage must have been in use from ancient times, for among the ruined castles reported by Francke at Shipki village, there were no living memories of the origins of mKar gog, the oldest of them built above the village in cyclopean style. Rampur also has Hydro Power Stations namely, Nathpa Jhakri Power Station (1500 MW) and Rampur Hydro Power Station (412 MW) by SJVN Ltd. A second castle, known as Seng ge mkhar, is said to have received its crooked ground plan “through a race round its base executed in opposite directions by a poisonous snake and a scorpion,” and was built, in all probability, during the Ladakhi occupation of mNga’ ris by orders of King Seng ge rnam rgyal (1570–1642) and called after him.Halkias, Georgios (2009). “Loss of Memory and Continuity of Praxis in Rampur-Bashahr: an Itinerant Study of Seventeenth-Century Tibetan Murals.” In Contemporary Visions in Tibetan Studies, eds.
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Stereoscopic image of the gate from 1897. The greater part of the cyclopean wall in Mycenae, including the Lion Gate itself, was built during the second extension of the citadel which occurred in the Late Helladic period IIIB (13th century BC).. At that time, the extended fortifications also included Grave Circle A, the burial place of the 16th- century BC royal families inside the city wall. This grave circle was found east of the Lion Gate, where a peribolos wall was also built.. After the expansion, Mycenae could be entered by two gates, a main entrance and a postern,.. while the most extensive feature was undoubtedly the remodeling of the main entrance to the citadel, known as the Lion Gate, in the northwestern side built circa 1250 BC. The Lion Gate was approached by a natural, partly engineered ramp on a northwest-southeast axis. The eastern side of the approach is flanked by the steep smooth slope of the earlier enceinte.
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During the excavations of 1960 led by historian Mesrop Smbatiants, the remains of a 2nd-mellennium BC Cyclopean fortress, an ancient cemetery and old shelters with several objects that represent the 3 stages of the Bronze Age were found in the area of Abovyan.Union of Communities of Armenia:Abovyan (Kotayk) Smbatiants also found an 8th-century BC Urartian cuneiform left by King Argishti I, referring to the conquest of the "land of Darani" (the pre-Urartian name of modern-day Abovyan area). The excavations led by Smbatiants revealed that the area of modern-day Abovyan was inhabited starting from the end of the 4th century BC. During the ancient Kingdom of Armenia, the western area of modern-day Abovyan was part of the "Kotayk" canton of Ayrarat province while the eastern area was part of "Mazaz" canton of the same province. Between the 5th and 7th centuries AD, the region was granted to the Amatuni Armenian noble dynasty.
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