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"cyclonic storm" Definitions
  1. CYCLONE
"cyclonic storm" Synonyms
tropical storm cyclone storm tornado whirlwind windstorm hurricane tempest tropical cyclone typhoon twister squall superstorm gale dust devil monsoon willy-willy downpour cloudburst rainstorm

444 Sentences With "cyclonic storm"

How to use cyclonic storm in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "cyclonic storm" and check conjugation/comparative form for "cyclonic storm". Mastering all the usages of "cyclonic storm" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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Previously categorized as a Super Cyclonic Storm, Kyarr has weakened to become an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm, according to a statement from the Indian Meteorological Department.
The new anti-cyclonic storm, seen at the top center of the photo above, is about 11,000 kilometers (6,800 miles) across.
" Tens of millions of people are potentially in the path of what the India Meteorological Department called an "extremely severe cyclonic storm.
The India Meteorological Department classified it as a "very severe cyclonic storm," a designation for tempests with wind speeds reaching 137 miles an hour.
The storm -- which has been downgraded to a "very severe cyclonic" storm -- is the first tropical cyclone of the year in the northern Indian Ocean.
As Fani was classified as an "extremely severe cyclonic storm" in India, the country's coast guard and navy deployed ships and helicopters for relief and rescue operations.
The India Meteorological Department classified Cyclone Titli as a "very severe cyclonic storm," a designation for cyclones with wind speeds of 119 to 221 kilometers per hour.
The details: With maximum sustained winds of 115 miles per hour, the Indian Meteorological Department classifies it as an "Extremely severe cyclonic storm" — equivalent in strength to a Category 3 hurricane.
The state of Odisha has also moved in thousands of disaster management personnel to help those living in mud-and-thatch homes in low-lying areas take shelter from Severe Cyclonic Storm Fani.
The cyclonic storm brought about heavy rains this week in Sri Lanka, triggering two landslides that were feared to have killed around 2003 people and forced more than 223,000 persons from their homes.
Severe cyclonic storm Fani was churning up the Bay of Bengal about 420 km (260 miles) south-southwest of the Hindu temple town of Puri where special trains were put on to evacuate tourists and the beaches were empty.
Severe cyclonic storm Fani was churning up the Bay of Bengal about 3003 km (2300 miles) south-southwest of the Hindu temple town of Puri where special trains were put on to evacuate tourists and the beaches were empty.
Severe cyclonic storm Fani was churning up the Bay of Bengal about 320 km (198 miles) south-southwest of the Hindu temple town of Puri where special trains were put on to evacuate tourists and the beaches were empty.
The cost of landslides and floods after days of torrential rains will be between $1.5 billion and $2 billion at the minimum, the government said on Monday, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from a cyclonic storm.
The cost of landslides and floods, caused by days of torrential rain, will be between $13 billion and $2 billion at the minimum, the government said last week, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from a cyclonic storm.
Cyclonic storm Fani, which has been churning up the Bay of Bengal, is currently about 150 km (93 miles) northeast of the Hindu temple town of Puri in the eastern state of Odisha, the state-run India Meteorological Department (IMD) said.
The cost of landslides and floods caused by days of torrential rain will be between $1.5 billion and $2 billion at the minimum, the government said earlier this week, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from a cyclonic storm.
The cost of landslides and floods caused by days of torrential rain will be between $1.5 billion and $2 billion at the minimum, the government said last week, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from a cyclonic storm.
The cost of landslides and floods caused due to days of torrential rain will be between $13 billion and $2 billion at the minimum, the government said last week, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from a cyclonic storm.
The cost of last week's landslides and floods after days of torrential rains will be between $13 billion and $2 billion at the minimum, the government said earlier this week, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from a cyclonic storm.
A: Warm Gulf of Mexico waters helped give the storm its power, and there was an absence of wind shears, meaning changes in wind speed and direction, whose presence in the atmosphere can disrupt the structure of a cyclonic storm and remove heat and moisture.
On November 6, the remnants of Severe Tropical Storm Matmo traversed into the Bay of Bengal and developed into Cyclonic Storm Bulbul. The system quickly intensified into a Severe Cyclonic Storm over the next day. As it continued north, it then strengthened into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm as the IMD issued coastal warnings for West Bengal. Bulbul underwent a rapid intensification, becoming a very severe cyclonic storm on November 8.
A Very Severe Cyclonic Storm is the third highest category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin a very severe cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between . The category was introduced alongside the Super Cyclonic Storm category during 1999 in order to replace the previously used Severe Cyclonic Storm with Core of Hurricane Winds. However, it was bifurcated during 2015, when the IMD introduced a new Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm category.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Jal was the fifth named cyclonic storm and the fourth Severe Cyclonic Storm of the 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Jal developed from a low pressure area in the South China Sea that organized into a Tropical Depression on . Jal is a Sanskrit word, meaning water. At least 54 people are known to have been killed in India.
A depression formed in the Arabian Sea on October 24, with IMD giving it the identifier ARB 03, later intensifying into a deep depression before JTWC recognized it as Tropical Cyclone 04A. It further intensified and became a cyclonic storm, receiving the name Kyarr from IMD as the fifth cyclonic storm of the season. On October 25, owing to high sea surface temperatures, low shear and a moist environment, Kyarr began a period of rapid intensification and strengthened into a very severe cyclonic storm. Three hours later, Kyarr became an extremely severe cyclonic storm.
Over the following hours, the storm intensified into a severe cyclonic storm and further into a very severe cyclonic storm. Rapid intensification commenced and Chapala was upgraded into an extremely severe cyclonic storm on October 30. On November 3, it made landfall in Yemen as a very severe cyclonic storm, making it the first tropical cyclone at hurricane intensity to make landfall in the country on record. Chapala rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of mainland Yemen and was last noted as a low pressure area the following day.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud was a strong tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage and loss of life in eastern India and Nepal during October 2014. Hudhud originated from a low pressure system that formed under the influence of an upper-air cyclonic circulation in the Andaman Sea on October 6. Hudhud intensified into a cyclonic storm on October 8 and as a Severe Cyclonic Storm on October 9. Hudhud underwent rapid deepening in the following days and was classified as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm by the IMD.
Warm water temperatures of around , as well as low wind shear, fueled rapid intensification. Kyarr turned to the northwest away from India on October 26\. On the same day, the IMD upgraded the storm to a very severe cyclonic storm and later to an extremely severe cyclonic storm. Early on October 27, the IMD upgraded Kyarr further to a super cyclonic storm, the first one in the basin since Gonu in 2007; it was also the only recorded super cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea to occur after the monsoon season.
However, multiple low pressure areas developed over the Bay of Bengal, with Cyclonic Storm Kyant forming in October and Cyclonic Storm Nada in November. Due to the presence of warm sea surface temperatures, Very Severe Cyclone Vardah formed in December.
Later that day, it intensified into a deep depression as it moved slowly north-westward.WebCite query result The IMD upgraded the system to Cyclonic Storm Sidr early on November 12.WebCite query result The system then began to intensify quickly as it moved slowly northwestward, and the IMD upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm later that dayWebCite query result and a very severe cyclonic storm early the next day.
The 2002 West Bengal cyclone (JTWC designation: 03B, officially known as Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 03) was a deadly tropical cyclone that affected India and Bangladesh in November 2002\. The sixth tropical cyclone and fourth cyclonic storm of the 2002 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, it developed in the Bay of Bengal northeast of Sri Lanka on November 10, as a tropical depression. After tracking northeast, the system strengthened into a cyclonic storm on November 11, as maximum sustained winds exceeded 65 km/h (40 mph). On November 12, it further intensified into a severe cyclonic storm.
Subsequently, the IMD reported the storm had intensified into a cyclonic storm, and named it Nilofar. The following day, the IMD upgraded the storm into a severe cyclonic storm and further to a very severe cyclonic storm, and the JTWC reported hurricane-strength winds at Nilofar's center as it meanwhile developed an eye feature. On October 28, Nilofar underwent rapid deepening throughout the day, reaching a peak strength of with wind speeds exceeding , tied with Hudhud. Over the following days, the storm recurved northeastwards and experienced high vertical wind shear, causing it to weaken rapidly into a minimal cyclonic storm on October 30.
The same day IMD upgraded the storm to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm. By the 5th, the cyclone had been downgraded to a cyclonic storm by the IMD as it passed over the Gulf of Oman. On the 7th, Phet dissipated completely.
Cyclonic Storm Five briefly existed in the Arabian Sea from August 6 to August 7.
A depression formed in the Arabian Sea and soon intensified into a cyclonic storm and was named Hikaa. The system gradually intensified into a severe cyclonic storm and then reached its peak intensity as a very severe cyclonic storm with 90 mph 3-min sustained wind speeds. Hikaa weakened due to dry air intrusion and made landfall on Oman as a severe tropical cyclone. Hikaa quickly weakened after moving inland and later dissipated.
Maintaining a generally westward track thereafter, Vardah consolidated into a Severe Cyclonic Storm on December 9, before peaking as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm, with 3-minute sustained winds of , and a minimum central pressure of , on December 11. Weakening into a Severe Cyclonic Storm, Vardah made landfall close to Chennai on the following day, and degenerated into remnant low on December 13. The name Vardah, suggested by Pakistan, refers to the red rose.
The deep depression initially moved to the northeast toward the west coast of India. Early on October 25, the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, naming it Kyarr. Later that day, the storm turned northward and intensified further to a severe cyclonic storm.
The most recent super cyclonic storm was Cyclone Amphan in 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Helen was a relatively weak tropical cyclone that formed in the Bay of Bengal Region on 18 November 2013, from the remnants of Tropical Storm Podul. It was classified as Deep Depression BOB 06 by the IMD on 19 November. As it was moving on a very slow northwest direction on 20 November, it became Cyclonic Storm Helen as it brought light to heavy rainfall in eastern India. It then became a Severe Cyclonic Storm on the afternoon hours of 21 November.
Cyclonic Storm Laila (IMD designation: BOB 01, JTWC designation: 01B) was the first cyclonic storm to affect southeastern India in May since the 1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone. The first tropical cyclone of the 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Laila developed on May 17 in the Bay of Bengal from a persistent area of convection. Strengthening as it tracked northwestward, it became a severe cyclonic storm on May 19. The next day, Laila made landfall in Andhra Pradesh, and it later dissipated over land.
The IMD further upgraded the depression into a deep depression the next day. JTWC reported the same day that a Tropical Storm had formed. On June 1, IMD upgraded the system into a cyclonic storm and named it "Phet". The storm intensified to a Severe Cyclonic Storm in early hours of June 2.
This was confirmed by the designation of Cyclonic Storm Sidr, the next name on the list after Yemyin, in November.
Cyclonic Storm Nilam was the deadliest tropical cyclone to directly affect South India since Cyclone Jal in 2010. Originating from an area of low pressure over the Bay of Bengal on October 28, 2012, the system began as a weak depression 550 km (340 mi) northeast of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Over the following few days, the depression gradually intensified into a deep depression, and subsequently a cyclonic storm by October 30. It made landfall near Mahabalipuram on October 31 as a strong cyclonic storm with peak winds of 85 km/h (50 mph).
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vardah was the fourth cyclonic storm, as well as the most intense tropical cyclone of the 2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. The system struck the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, as well as South India, before later affecting Somalia. Originating as a low pressure area near the Malay Peninsula on December 3, the storm was designated a depression on December 6. It gradually intensified into a Deep Depression on the following day, skirting off the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and intensified into a Cyclonic Storm on December 8.
A Cyclonic Storm is a category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin, a cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between .
A severe cyclonic storm developed in the Arabian Sea on June 21. The system struck western India before dissipating on June 26.
The final storm of the season, Severe Cyclonic Storm Thirteen, developed on December 9. It lasted four days, dissipating on December 13.
Then Cyclonic Storm Keila formed in November and came ashore in Oman, before Depression ARB03 formed and dissipated near the Oman coast.
Cyclonic Storm Viyaru, operationally known as Cyclonic Storm Mahasen, was a relatively weak tropical cyclone that caused loss of life across six countries in Southern and Southeastern Asia. Originating from an area of low pressure over the southern Bay of Bengal in early May 2013, Viyaru slowly consolidated into a depression on May 10\. The depression gained forward momentum and attained gale-force winds on May 11 and was designated as Cyclonic Storm Viyaru, the first named storm of the season. Owing to adverse atmospheric conditions, the depression struggled to maintain organized convection as it moved closer to eastern India.
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu () was a strong tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in India during June 2019. It was the strongest tropical cyclone to affect the Saurashtra Peninsula of northwestern India since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone. Vayu was the third tropical depression, third cyclonic storm and second very severe cyclonic storm of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, and the first of which to form in the Arabian Sea. Vayu originated from a low-pressure area that was first noted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) on 9 June, near the northern Maldives.
Multi-spectral satellite imagery revealed that Mekunu had developed an eye as early as May 23, at which time the IMD upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm. Benefiting from favorable environmental conditions, the cyclone became more symmetric, intensifying into a very severe cyclonic storm six hours later. The cyclone continued to track northwestward under the influence of a subtropical ridge. On May 25, it reached its peak intensity as an extremely severe cyclonic storm, with the JTWC estimating peak 1-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph), equivalent to a Category 3 storm on the Saffir-Simpson scale.
The circulation became better defined over time, steered generally west-northwestward by a subtropical ridge to its north. On October 9, the IMD upgraded Luban to a severe cyclonic storm, as the thunderstorms continued to bloom over the circulation. A day later, the IMD upgraded Luban further to a very severe cyclonic storm, with maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph), equivalent to a hurricane. Luban coexisted with Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Titli, marking the first time since 1977 that two storms of such intensity were active at the same time in the North Indian Ocean.
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Luban was the third tropical cyclone to affect the Arabian Peninsula during the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, after cyclones Sagar and Mekunu in May. Luban developed on October 6 in the central Arabian Sea, and for much of its duration, maintained a general west- northwestward trajectory. On October 10, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded Luban to a very severe cyclonic storm - equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane - and estimated maximum sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph). The storm made landfall on October 14 in eastern Yemen, as a cyclonic storm.
Super Cyclonic Storm Kyarr was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone that became the first super cyclonic storm in the North Indian Ocean since Gonu in 2007. It was also the second strongest tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea and one of the most intense tropical cyclones in North Indian Ocean history. The seventh depression, fifth named cyclone, and the first, and only super cyclonic storm of the annual season, Kyarr developed from a low-pressure system near the Equator. The system organized itself and intensified to a tropical storm on October 24 as it moved eastwards.
On , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 05B. Early on November 6, the IMD upgraded Depression BOB 05 to a deep depression. Later, the deep depression strengthened further, prompting the IMD to upgrade it to a cyclonic storm, and was named "Jal". The storm continued to grow and became a severe cyclonic storm by .
A depression formed in the northern Bay of Bengal on May 14 and move northward. The depression slowly strengthened into a cyclonic storm On May 15. The storm reached its maximum intensity of 70 mph (113 km/h) before making landfall in Eastern Bangladesh on May 17 and dissipating thereafter. The effects from Cyclonic Storm One if any are unknown.
After developing, the system moved northwestward due to a ridge over India. The IMD upgraded the depression to Cyclonic Storm Agni late on November 29 and further to a severe cyclonic storm the next day. The JTWC also upgraded Agni to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating 120 km/h (75 mph). Wind shear and dry air caused the storm to weaken.
On December 10, RSMC New Delhi announced that Depression BOB 05 had formed, about 400 km east-southeast of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. The next day it strengthened to become Cyclonic Storm Ward. After wandering some time to the east of Sri Lanka, the system made landfall near Trincomalee on December 14 as a Deep Depression. Cyclonic Storm Ward dissipated completely on December 16.
Throughout the day, the structure rapidly deteriorated as the storm curved to the west-northwest. At 21:00 UTC on November 9, Megh weakened further into a severe cyclonic storm, and degraded further to a cyclonic storm by six hours later. While just offshore Yemen, the circulation slowed and turned to the northeast, after the ridge to the north receded eastward.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Chapala was a powerful tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in Somalia and Yemen during November 2015. Chapala was the third named storm of the 2015 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It developed as a depression on 28 October off western India, and strengthened a day later into a cyclonic storm. Chapala then rapidly intensified amid favorable conditions.
The next morning, the deep depression strengthened further and was upgraded to a cyclonic storm and named "Laila" by the IMD. The storm continued to grow and became a severe cyclonic storm by May 19, it was given a Category 1 tropical cyclone status by the JTWC. Later the same day, it started weakening. On May 21, Laila dissipated completely.
Late on the same day, the IMD reported that the system had grown stronger than Cyclone Phet, becoming the most powerful storm of the season. According to the news, the cyclone made landfall late on October 22, at Kyaukphyu, Arakan, Myanmar. Late on October 22, Giri weakened into a Severe Cyclonic Storm. Early on October 23, Giri further weakened into a Cyclonic Storm.
That day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 05B. Early on November 5, the IMD upgraded Depression BOB 05 to a deep depression. Later, the deep depression strengthened further, prompting the IMD to upgrade it to a cyclonic storm, and was named "Jal." The storm continued to grow and became a severe cyclonic storm by November 6.
Aila became a severe cyclonic storm at 06UTC on May 25 and made landfall at its peak intensity (60kt, 967hPa) between 08 and 09UTC.
That day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 04B. Later, the deep depression strengthened further and was upgraded to a cyclonic storm and named "Giri" by the IMD. Early on October 22, the IMD upgraded the storm to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm. The cyclone had intensified to a Category 4 tropical cyclone on the SSHS according to the JTWC.
In late July and early August, Cyclonic Storm Komen resulted in between 187–280 deaths in northeastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar due to torrential rains as it slowly moved through the region. In early November, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Chapala, the strongest storm of the season, became the first recorded tropical cyclone to produce hurricane-force winds in Yemen. During the storm's passage, areas in southern Yemen received of rainfall over 48 hours, or 700% of the average yearly precipitation. Just days after Chapala produced widespread damage in Yemen and the Puntland region of Somalia, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Megh passed through the same region causing further destruction.
Six hours later, the JTWC assessed one-minute sustained winds as having reached 65 km/h (40 mph), and designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 02A. At 18:00 UTC on 10 June, the system strengthened into the third cyclonic storm of the season, and was named Vayu by the IMD. Vayu continued to steadily strengthen after intensifying into a cyclonic storm. A formative eye began to develop on 11 June, as intense deep convection wrapped tightly around the system. Vayu became a severe cyclonic storm by 12:00 UTC, and reached Category 1 tropical cyclone status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS).
This included record activity in the months of October and November, each having three storms, while July saw its first system on record. The first storm of the year was Cyclonic Storm BOB 01 which formed on May 16 while the last was Deep Depression ARB 04 which dissipated over Somalia on December 24\. The most intense was Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Forrest, which attained peak three-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 07 proved to be the deadliest and most destructive of the year, claiming 263–423 lives across southern India and leaving $69 million in damage.
The IMD later reported that the deep depression made its first landfall over Long Island, Andaman, and had reached cyclonic storm intensity, naming it Hudhud. After entering the Bay of Bengal, Hudhud continued to intensify the following day, and was upgraded to a severe cyclonic storm. Early on October 10, the JTWC classified the storm as a Category 1 tropical cyclone after it formed a microwave eye feature and was located in an environment favorable for further intensification with moderate wind shear. The IMD upgraded Hudhud to a very severe cyclonic storm later the same day, and the JTWC further upgraded the storm to a Category 2 tropical cyclone.
Due to decreasing wind shear and warm, moist air, the system quickly intensified on September 23, prompting the IMD to upgrade the system to Cyclonic Storm Hikaa; later that day the agency upgraded the storm further to a severe cyclonic storm. During the strengthening phase, an eye feature formed in the center of the convection, indicative of strengthening. Considering the storm a "midget tropical cyclone", the JTWC upgraded Hikaa to the equivalent of hurricane status late on September 23, while the storm was approaching eastern Oman. The IMD followed suit, upgrading Hikaa to a very severe cyclonic storm on September 24, estimating peak winds of 140 km/h (85 mph).
During the next day, the Depression turned towards the northeast the IMD reported that it had intensified into a Cyclonic Storm and named it as Phyan.
On November 11, a severe cyclonic storm - numbered BOB 04 - developed in the Bay of Bengal. It soon became the strongest tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of . BOB 04 made landfall in Bangladesh on November 12, hours before dissipating. Later in November, another cyclonic storm - assigned to BOB 05 - formed in the Bay of Bengal on November 23\.
Convection organized around the center, signaling intensification. On November 16, the IMD upgraded the depression to a deep depression, and later cyclonic storm. The storm fluctuated in intensity until November 18, when a more pronounced strengthening trend began. A day later, the IMD upgraded the storm to a very severe cyclonic storm, estimating 3 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), based on a Dvorak rating of 4.0.
A Severe Cyclonic Storm is a category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin, a severe cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between . The category was historically used to classify all tropical cyclones with winds above , however, it was bifurcated during 1988, when the IMD introduced a new category called Severe Cyclonic Storm with a core of hurricane winds. This new category was later further refined into Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms and Super Cyclonic Storms during 1999 and 2015.
Skirting off the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a Deep Depression, BOB 06 was upgraded to a Cyclonic Storm by the IMD and JTWC, in the early hours of December 8, and was assigned the name Vardah. With conditions favorable for further development, Vardah intensified into a Severe Cyclonic Storm on December 9. Although predicted to maintain its intensity, Vardah strengthened further, as it followed a generally west-northwestwards track, prompting the IMD to upgrade its intensity to Very Severe Cyclonic Storm status, on December 10. Gradually intensifying as it moved westward, Vardah reached its peak intensity on December 11, with maximum 3-minute sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph), and a minimum central pressure of .
The 1990 Andhra Pradesh cyclone or the 1990 Machilipatnam Cyclone was the worst disaster to affect Southern India since the 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone. The system was first noted as a depression on 4 May 1990, while it was located over the Bay of Bengal about to the southeast of Chennai, India. During the next day the depression intensified into a cyclonic storm and started to intensify rapidly, becoming a super cyclonic storm early on 8 May. The cyclone weakened slightly before it made landfall on India about 300 km (190 mi) to the north of Madras in the Andhra Pradesh state as a very severe cyclonic storm with winds of 165 km/h (105 mph).
There have been at least eight storms that have attained such an intensity. The most recent super cyclonic storm was Cyclone Kyarr in 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.
With weak steering currents, the storm meandered over the central Bay of Bengal, executing a small cyclonic loop over 30 hours. The cloud pattern organized into a central dense overcast that was initially irregular in nature. However, the storm quickly intensified on May 18, strengthening into a severe cyclonic storm and later very severe cyclonic storm. During this time, the cyclone turned eastward under the influence of a ridge over India to the north.
Cyclone Gonu set several intensity records. When it became a very severe cyclonic storm on June 3, Gonu became the strongest tropical cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea. It was the only super cyclonic storm, which is a tropical cyclone with 3-minute sustained winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph), in the region, until Cyclone Kyarr 12 years later. The JTWC estimated peak winds of 270 km/h (165 mph).
Intensification was also aided by increased upper-level divergence or the increased upward movement of air. At 09:00 UTC on November 8, the IMD upgraded the system to a severe cyclonic storm, and six hours later to a very severe cyclonic storm. By that time, an eye had developed, described by the IMD as a "banding-type eye". As such, the agency estimated peak 3 minutes sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).
At around the same time the IMD reported that the cyclone had peaked as a Super Cyclonic Storm with 3-minute sustained wind speeds of 235 km/h (145 mph). The system subsequently started to weaken and had become a very severe cyclonic storm, by the time it made landfall in southern Andhra Pradesh during May 9. The system subsequently moved north-westwards and gradually weakened further, before it was last noted during May 11.
Cyclonic Storm One developed in the Bay of Bengal on May 6. It moved east-northeastward and eventually curved northeastward. The system made landfall in Burma before dissipating on May 9.
Nine people were killed in rain related incidents in Tamil Nadu, as the cyclonic storm "Laila" battered the Coastal areas in Northern parts of Tamil Nadu, Chennai city and its suburbs.
Skirting off the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a deep depression, BOB 06 was upgraded to a cyclonic storm by the IMD and JTWC, in the early hours of 8 December, and was assigned the name Vardah by the IMD. With conditions favorable for further development, Vardah intensified into a severe cyclonic storm on 9 December. Although predicted to maintain its intensity, Vardah strengthened further, as it followed a generally west-northwestward track, prompting the IMD to upgrade its intensity to very severe cyclonic storm status, on 10 December. Gradually intensifying as it moved westward, Vardah reached its peak intensity on 11 December, with maximum 3-minute sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph), and a minimum central pressure of .
Satellite image of the 1999 Odisha cyclone nearing eastern India as one of the most intense tropical cyclones in North Indian Ocean Super cyclonic storm is the highest category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin, a super cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of at least . The category was formally introduced during the 1999 season alongside Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, in order to replace the previously used Severe Cyclonic Storm with Core of Hurricane Winds. There have been at least nine storms that have attained such an intensity.
Both the IMD and the JTWC anticipated steady intensification, due to decreasing wind shear. On May 22, the IMD upgraded the depression to a deep depression, and later a cyclonic storm, naming it Mekunu. An eye feature developed in the center of the storm on May 23, indicative of an intensifying storm. That day, the IMD upgraded Mekunu to a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm – the equivalent of a minimal hurricane – while the storm passing east of Socotra.
On June 6, the cyclone turned to the north-northwest, and later that day the JTWC downgraded Gonu to tropical storm status. The IMD followed suit by downgrading Gonu to severe cyclonic storm status, and later to cyclonic storm status early on June 7. Gonu crossed the Makran coast in Iran six hours later, and the IMD stopped issuing advisories on the cyclone. This made it the first tropical cyclone on record to hit the country since 1898.
Four deep depressions strengthened further into a cyclonic storm, which has sustained winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph). Two storms during the season became a very severe cyclonic storm, which is the equivalent of hurricane status, with winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph). During the season, the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued warnings for five of the tropical cyclones, which is the same as the long term average.
Cyclonic Storm Roanu was a relatively weak tropical cyclone that caused severe flooding in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh during May 2016\. It is the first tropical cyclone of the annual cyclone season. Roanu originated from a low pressure area that formed south of Sri Lanka, which gradually drifted north and intensified into a cyclonic storm on 19 May. However, wind shear and land interaction caused it to weaken slightly, before reintensifying as it accelerated towards the coast of Bangladesh.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Fourteen developed in the Bay of Bengal on November 3. Initially heading northwestward, the storm eventually curved westward. Shortly before dissipating on November 8, the storm struck southern India.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Twelve developed on November 26. It was the strongest tropical cyclone of the season, peaked with winds of 140 km/h (85 mph). The system dissipated on November 29.
Soon after, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). At 00:00 UTC on November 11, the deep depression strengthened into a cyclonic storm, and was given the name Gaja by the IMD. After tracking west- southwestward for a number of days, it made landfall near Nagapattinam in southern India, early on November 16 as a Very severe cyclonic storm. Afterward, Gaja passed through Vedaranyam, Voimedu, Muthupet, Pattukotai, Adirampattinam, and Mallipattinam, on the same day.
The cyclone formed over the SE Bay of Bengal as a depression near 10.0°N and 89.0°E on 27 October, intensified into a cyclonic storm near 15.0°N and 89.0°E on 30 October and subsequently intensified into a severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds. The cyclone moved north up to the North Bay and then NNE. On 31 October, the cyclone made landfall on Backerganj. The maximum wind speed was estimated at and the surge height was .
From its genesis, the storm moved northwestward, and early forecasts from the JTWC anticipated that trajectory would continue toward Andhra Pradesh in southeastern India, due to a westward-moving ridge over India. The cyclone gradually strengthened, amplified by a wind surge from the south. The IMD upgraded the depression to a cyclonic storm on April 25, and to a severe cyclonic storm on the following day. By April 26, wind shear had decreased to near zero as an anticyclone developed aloft the hurricane.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state Maharashtra in the month of June since 1891. It was also the first cyclone to impact Mumbai since Cyclone Phyan of 2009. The third depression and second named cyclone of the annual cyclone season, Nisarga originated as a depression in the Arabian Sea and moved generally northward. On 2 June, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, assigning the name Nisarga.
Yemyin means Hippo in Myanmar. The PMD referred to the deep depression as Tropical Cyclone Yemyin, the next name on the list at the time. The IMD, the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for the North Indian Ocean, did not operationally upgrade or name the system due to intense Indo-Pakistani relations. However, on August 6, the IMD reassessed the deep depression to have reached cyclonic storm strength, and retroactively designated the system as Cyclonic Storm Yemyin in its mid-season review.
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu during its first approach As the system intensified into a deep depression, the IMD issued a pre-cyclone watch for the coastline of the state of Gujarat. The agency indicated that further strengthening into a cyclonic storm within the following 24 hours was very likely. Fishermen were warned not to venture into the Arabian Sea near the developing system or in the forecast path of the cyclone, and mariners already at sea were urged to return to the coast. The pre-watch for the Gujarat coastline was upgraded to a yellow cyclone alert at 12:00 UTC on 10 June, with forecasts predicting landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm on 12 June. This was further upgraded to an orange alert on 11 June.
Red Crescent volunteers and medical units were on alert as government offices in coastal zones closed. A meteorological office issued a warning for Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar as the cyclonic storm Mora headed towards Bangladesh.
Total economic losses in Vietnam were amounted to be US$10 million. The remnant energy of Tropical Storm Kirogi eventually contributed to the formation of Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ockhi in the North Indian Ocean.
On August 7, a cyclonic storm formed in the northern Bay of Bengal. It moved ashore Odisha the next day, and progressed northwestward through India. It was last observed on August 10 over western India.
Tropical Cyclone 03B developed as a depression near Chennai, India on November 10\. Later that day, it intensified into a deep depression while tracking northward. As the storm was moving to the northeast, it was upgraded to a cyclonic storm, due to gale force winds. The cyclone came under the influence of mid-latitude trough, which caused the storm to accelerate to the north-northeast. Early on November 12, it was upgraded to a severe cyclonic storm, as maximum sustained winds reached 100 km/h (65 mph).
On the same day, the IMD began classifying it as a depression, but soon after upgraded it to a deep depression and later cyclonic storm after increased organization. The storm meandered off southwest India for three days due to weak steering currents. During that time, the convection pulsed around the circulation, and the IMD upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm on May 7 with winds of 100 km/h (55 mph). By contrast, the JTWC only estimated peak winds of 85 km/h (50 mph).
Within nine hours, the depression further intensified into a deep depression. Around the same time, the system was classified as Tropical Cyclone 01B by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. With warm sea surface temperatures, a formidable anticyclone aloft, and low wind shear, the system continued to mature as it tracked northwestward. Early on May 11, the deep depression strengthened into a cyclonic storm – marked by maximum sustained winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) – and later in the day into a severe cyclonic storm.
Cyclonic Storm Rashmi (IMD designation: BOB 05, JTWC designation: 04B) was the seventh tropical cyclone of the 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season and second cyclonic storm, as well as the fifth tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal that year. A fairly weak tropical cyclone, it caused some notable damage in Bangladesh and India. An area of low pressure formed within the Bay of Bengal on October 24. It was designated as Depression BOB 05 the next day by the India Meteorological Department.
On October 30, the storm began weakening as the track shifted to the west, falling to the intensity of a severe cyclonic storm. On the same day, Kyarr co-existed with Cyclonic Storm Maha, marking the first time on record that there were two simultaneous cyclonic storms in the Arabian Sea. Kyarr turned to the southwest, paralleling the coastline of the Arabian Peninsula offshore. On October 31, it weakened to a deep depression, and Kyarr deteriorated further to a depression on the next day.
During 1999 the categories Very Severe Cyclonic Storm and Super Cyclonic Storm were introduced, while the severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds category was eliminated. During 2015 another modification to the intensity scale took place, with the IMD calling a system with 3-minute maximum sustained wind speeds between 90–119 kn (166–221 km/h, 104–137 mph): an extremely severe cyclonic storm. The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitors the basin, and issues warnings on significant tropical cyclones on behalf of the United States Government, also assigning them TC numbers as in all other basins above (albeit in an unofficial manner for this and subsequent basins; cyclones originating in the Arabian Sea are assigned suffix "A" while those in the Bay of Bengal get suffix "B"). These warnings use a 1-minute sustained wind speed and can be compared to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, however, regardless of intensity in this basin the JTWC labels all systems as tropical cyclones with TC numbers (optionally appended with international names or placeholders in parentheses, as done for typhoons above).
After being upgraded by the IMD to a severe cyclonic storm on June 11, and concurrently by the JTWC to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), the system began a period of rapid intensification. Vayu strengthened into a very severe cyclonic storm soon afterward, and became a Category 2-equivalent very severe cyclonic storm on June 12. On June 13, the influence of a strengthening subtropical ridge over Saudi Arabia caused Vayu to gradually slow down and turn to the west, as it approached the coastline of the state of Gujarat in northwestern India. Later that day, at 06:00 UTC, Vayu reached its peak intensity as a very severe tropical cyclone, with three-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (90 km/h) and a minimum pressure of .
However, during 2015 the category was bifurcated, after the IMD introduced a new Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm category. As a result, very severe cyclonic storms are currently estimated, to have 3-minute sustained wind speeds of between .
Moving slowly northwestwards, the system further deepened into a cyclonic storm on October 9\. Several ships in the path of the storm recorded gale-force winds, depicting its strengthening. Early on October 10, it became a severe cyclonic storm and soon reached its peak intensity with winds of 110 km/h (70 mph). Its central pressure at this time was estimated to be 986 mbar (hPa; 29.12 inHg). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimated that the storm attained one-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph).
Under the influence of the ongoing onset of the southwest monsoon, a trough of low pressure developed over the Arabian Sea off the coast of Karnataka on June 6. It slowly moved northwards, and consolidated into a depression by the morning of June 9. The next morning, while the storm was moving northwestwards, the India Meteorological Department upgraded it to a Cyclonic Storm. Over the following days the storm intensified further into a very severe cyclonic storm, recurved northeastwards and crossed the coast of Gujarat near Naliya at a peak intensity of .
The IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression and later cyclonic storm on December 13, and further to a severe cyclonic storm a day later. The agency estimated peak winds of 100 km/h (65 mph), noting spiral convection organizing around the beginnings of an eye feature. The storm also developed well-defined outflow due to an approaching trough from the west. At around 14:30 UTC on December 15, the storm made landfall near False Divi Point in southeastern India, along the coast of Andhra Pradesh.
Early on May 14, the IMD downgraded the storm to a severe cyclonic storm. Around this time, steering currents slackened, and the cyclone meandered northward over the central Bay of Bengal. By late on May 14, convection had largely dissipated, with the exception of a small area near the center, and the system weakened to minimal cyclonic storm status. Thunderstorm activity continued to wax and wane as the storm turned to the southeastward, though persistent hostile conditions caused the storm to weaken further to a deep depression on May 16\.
Cyclonic Storm Komen was an unusual tropical cyclone that originated near the southern coast of Bangladesh and later struck the same country while drifting over the northern Bay of Bengal. The second named storm of the 2015 season, Komen brought several days of heavy rainfall to Myanmar, Bangladesh, and India. It formed as a depression on July 26 over the Ganges delta and moved in a circular motion around the northern Bay of Bengal. Komen intensified into a 75 km/h (45 mph) cyclonic storm and moved ashore southeastern Bangladesh on July 30\.
An eye became evident during a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) pass of the storm; its appearance and the development of rainbands showed Phet was intensifying. Late on June 1, the JTWC upgraded the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating 1 minute maximum sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), after the eye became better defined and the tightly-curved thunderstorm activity. The IMD upgraded Phet to severe cyclonic storm status at 00:00 UTC on June 2, and further to a very severe cyclonic storm six hours later.
In the early hours of October 9 the JTWC upgraded the storm to a tropical cyclone. The same day, the IMD upgraded the storm to a deep depression, and subsequently a cyclonic storm, naming it Phailin. Rapid intensification ensued, and Phailin strengthened into a Very Severe Cyclonic storm on October 10, followed by the JTWC upgrading the storm to a strong Category 4 status. Continuing its rapid intensification, the storm reached Category 5 status the following day, the first storm to do so in the North Indian Ocean since Cyclone Sidr in 2007.
Originally a tropical storm that formed over the South China Sea on January 1, Pabuk entered the Gulf of Thailand. Shortly afterward, Pabuk made landfall over southern Thailand on January 4 and crossed into the Andaman Sea. The IMD then initiated advisories on the storm, making Pabuk the earliest-forming cyclonic storm for this basin, surpassing Hibaru in 2005, as well as the first cyclonic storm with a name originally assigned by RSMC Tokyo. Over the next few days, Pabuk continued moving west- northwestward, before weakening into a well-marked low on January 7.
The pressure decreased to , three-minute sustained winds increased to 215 km/h (135 mph), and one-minute sustained winds to 250 km/h (155 mph), making the system the equivalent of a high-end Category 4 major hurricane. On May 3, at 02:30 UTC (8:00 a.m. IST) Fani made landfall on Puri, in Odisha, weakening to a Category 1-equivalent very severe cyclonic storm soon after landfall, subsequently weakening to a cyclonic storm several hours later. On May 4, Fani weakened into a deep depression and moved into Bangladesh.
That morning, landslide and flooding warnings were hoisted for parts of eastern Sri Lanka and the Indian state of Kerala were given expectations of torrential rainfall in the coming days. By 09:00 UTC on May 17, Amphan had intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm. Within 12 hours, the storm had developed an eye and started to rapidly intensify, becoming an extremely severe cyclonic storm. According to the JTWC, it explosively intensified from a Category 1-equivalent cyclone to a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in just 6 hours.
The following morning around 10:30 UTC, the IMD upgraded Amphan to a super cyclonic storm with 3-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph) and a minimum pressure of 920 hPa (27.46 inHg). This marked the second year in a row featuring a super cyclonic storm, the previous year seeing Kyarr in the Arabian Sea. On May 20, at approximately 17:30 IST, the cyclone made landfall near Bakkhali, West Bengal after weakening subsequently. It rapidly weakened once inland, and dissipated on the next day.
Under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation, a low pressure area formed over the Andaman Sea on October 6. The system drifted westward and intensified into a depression and subsequently into a deep depression the next day, followed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issuing a Tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA). Owing to favorable environmental conditions, the storm intensified into a cyclonic storm on October 8 and was named Hudhud. Its convection consolidated in the following hours, and Hudhud became a Severe Cyclonic Storm on October 9.
This made it the first super cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea on record. After the storm maintained peak winds for about six hours, the IMD downgraded Gonu to very severe cyclonic storm status late on June 4. Gonu's eye became cloud-filled and ragged, and the cyclone gradually weakened due to cooler water temperatures and drier air as it approached the Arabian Peninsula. Due to land interaction with Oman, the inner core of deep convection rapidly weakened, and over a period of 24 hours the intensity decreased by 95 km/h (60 mph).
With low wind shear, as well as record-warm water temperatures, Chapala began a 33-hour period of rapid deepening, in which the barometric pressure dropped 59 hPa (1.74 inHg). The storm developed well-defined rainbands and thunderstorms that consolidated into an eye feature. The JTWC estimated Chapala attained hurricane-force winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) at 12:00 UTC on 29 October. Meanwhile, the IMD upgraded Chapala to a severe cyclonic storm at 09:00 UTC that day, and further to a very severe cyclonic storm at 18:00 UTC.
After the cyclone passed Socotra, its convective core became better-defined due to improved outflow. Chapala entered the Gulf of Aden on 2 November, becoming the strongest tropical cyclone on record in that region. At 12:00 UTC that day, the IMD downgraded the system to a very severe cyclonic storm, after Chapala had been an extremely severe cyclonic storm for 78 hours. The structure became disorganized due to increased easterly wind shear and interaction with the Arabian Peninsula to the north, allowing cooler and drier air to enter the circulation.
Three systems intensified into a cyclonic storm, which have sustained winds of at least 63 km/h (39 mph), at which point the IMD named them. The first official storm of the season was Cyclonic Storm Hibaru, which formed southeast of Sri Lanka in January. After nearly five months of inactivity, two depressions formed toward the end of June on opposite sides of India. The depression in the Arabian Sea was one of only two in that body of water during the year, the other of which formed in September and killed 13 people.
Early on December 17, the IMD reported that the system had peaked as a Severe Cyclonic Storm with 3-minute wind speeds of 100 km/h (65 mph). The system subsequently started to weaken later that day, as it encountered increasing upper-level wind shear associated with the mid-latitude westerlies. During the next day the system weakened into a Cyclonic Storm, before it degenerated into a depression. The system subsequently made landfall on Bangladesh near Cox's Bazar, before it was last noted over Myanmar by the JTWC during December 19.
A low pressure area formed over the western Bay of Bengal on October 28\. On the next day, the IMD classified it as a depression, and soon upgraded it to a deep depression. On October 30, the IMD upgraded it further to a cyclonic storm and later a severe cyclonic storm, estimating peak 3-minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph); this was based on the appearance of a well-defined eye. Also on October 30, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system as Tropical Cyclone 04B north of Sri Lanka.
Cyclonic Storm Yemyin (JTWC designation: 03B, also known as Deep Depression BOB 03/2007) was a deadly tropical cyclone that made landfalls on India and Pakistan in June 2007. The Pakistan Meteorological Department referred to Tropical Cyclone 03B as "Tropical Cyclone Yemyin". At the time, the official WMO body responsible for tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea, the India Meteorological Department (IMD), did not name the storm. However, the IMD reassessed the system to have reached cyclonic storm strength, and retroactively named the storm Yemyin.. “Yemyin” means Hippo in Myanmar (Burma) Language.
Only two days later, the third depression of the season formed in southern Bay of Bengal and gradually strengthened into Cyclonic Storm Nilam. The cyclone made landfall over Southern India early on October 31 and dissipated on November 2.
A depression formed in the Bay of Bengal on September 25, and quickly intensified into a cyclonic storm while moving northwestward. On September 26, the storm moved ashore Odisha. It eventually turned northward, dissipating over India on September 28.
Soon afterward, it was upgraded to a Category 1 Tropical Cyclone by the JTWC. On , Jal started weakening. Soon afterward, the IMD reported that Jal weakened into a Cyclonic Storm. Later that day, the JTWC downgraded Jal into a Tropical storm.
Once over land, the system began to weaken; the storm degraded to a cyclonic storm on November 13, when it was about south- southeast of Agartala. The storm then rapidly weakened into a remnant low over southern Assam that evening.
The storm underwent rapid intensification and reached super cyclonic storm status on October 27, as it turned westwards. Despite the immense strength of the storm, and many countries being affected by high tides and storm surges, there were no reported fatalities.
That day, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 02A, and it intensified into a cyclonic storm on November 13. The storm was located at an unusually low latitude of 6° N. After an eye developed in the center of the convection, the JTWC upgraded the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating peak winds of 150 km/h (90 mph) on November 14\. By contrast, the IMD estimated peak winds of 100 km/h (65 mph), making the system a severe cyclonic storm. Subsequently, drier air weakened the storm, causing the convection to decrease.
In May 2003, a tropical cyclone officially called Very Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 01 produced the worst flooding in Sri Lanka in 56 years. The first storm of the 2003 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, it developed over the Bay of Bengal on May 10\. Favorable environmental conditions allowed the system to intensify steadily while moving northwestward. The storm reached peak maximum sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) on May 13, making it a very severe cyclonic storm according to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), which is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the basin.
Cyclonic Storm Sagar was the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in Somalia in recorded history, and the first named cyclone of the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Forming on May 16 east of the Guardafui Channel, Sagar intensified into a cyclonic storm on the next day, as it gradually organized. The storm turned to the west-southwest and traversed the entirety of the Gulf of Aden, making landfall over northwestern Somalia on May 19, farther west than any other storm on record in the North Indian Ocean. Sagar weakened into a remnant low on May 20\.
The storm slowly drifted west-northwestward, while deep convection consolidated around the system's well-defined center of circulation. In the early hours of 20 November, the IMD classified BOB 06 as a Cyclonic Storm, thereby officially naming it Helen. Early on 21 November, Helen continued to intensify into a Severe Cyclonic Storm, reaching its peak intensity of with a central pressure of . Shortly before landfall, the storm's convection sheared to the north, causing its low level circulation to fully expose followed by the JTWC issuing its final bulletin, reporting that the storm had weakened due to land interaction.
Development of the system proceeded very slowly for several days, with the cyclone struggling to intensify against the influence of moderate vertical wind shear. At 12:00 UTC on 29 April, Fani was upgraded to a severe cyclonic storm, with the system beginning to undergo rapid intensification. Fani continued rapidly intensifying, becoming an extremely severe cyclonic storm at 17:00 UTC on April 30. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) upgraded the system to a Category 4 tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale at 06:00 UTC on May 2, following which, rapid intensification resumed.
On 26 November, the storm reached an intensity equivalent to that of a modern-day severe cyclonic storm and subsequently turned northward. Gradually intensifying as it had previously, the tropical cyclone reached peak intensity with winds of 125 mph (200 km/h) as it was making landfall near the Bangladesh-West Bengal border on 29 November. Although the storm retained strong winds well inland, it was last monitored over central Bangladesh as a moderate cyclonic storm-equivalent on 30 November. The brunt of the tropical cyclone's damage was inflicted upon coastal areas of Bangladesh and West Bengal.
On the next day, Nisarga further intensified to a severe cyclonic storm and turned to the northeast, ultimately making landfall approximately 95 km south of Mumbai. Nisarga rapidly weakened once inland and dissipated on 4 June. Nisarga was the second cyclone to strike the Indian subcontinent within two weeks time, after Cyclone Amphan, the first super cyclonic storm to have formed in the Bay of Bengal in the 21st century, devastated the state of West Bengal on May 2020. Making landfall in Maharashtra with winds of , Nisarga became the strongest storm to strike the state in the month of June since 1891.
On November 26, the storm reached an intensity equivalent to that of a modern-day severe cyclonic storm and subsequently turned northward. Gradually intensifying as it had previously, the tropical cyclone reached peak intensity with winds of 125 mph (200 km/h) as it was making landfall near the Bangladesh–India border on November 29\. Although the storm retained strong winds well inland, it was last monitored over central Bangladesh as a moderate cyclonic storm-equivalent on November 30\. The brunt of the tropical cyclone's damage was inflicted upon coastal areas of Bangladesh and West Bengal.
Cyclonic Storm Keila (IMD designation: ARB 02, JTWC designation: 03A) was the first named storm of the 2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. A weak system for much of its duration, Keila developed in the western Arabian Sea in late October 2011, amid an area of marginally favorable conditions. On November 2, it briefly organized enough to be classified as a cyclonic storm, which has maximum sustained winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph). Given the name Keila by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the storm quickly moved ashore southern Oman near Salalah, and weakened while meandering over the country.
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul was a strong and very damaging tropical cyclone which struck the Indian state of West Bengal as well as Bangladesh in November 2019, causing storm surge, heavy rains, and flash floods across the areas. After crossing the Indochinese Peninsula, Severe Tropical Storm Matmo's remnants entered the Andaman Sea. It began to organize over the southern Bay of Bengal in the beginning of November, then it slowly intensified into a cyclonic storm as it moved north. In addition, it is only the second to make it to hurricane strength, the first being in 1960.
During this time, the system remained weak, never intensifying beyond deep depression status. A strengthening ridge to the north turned the storm back to the west on November 30 into an area of lighter wind shear. On December 2, the system intensified into a cyclonic storm and eventually to a very severe cyclonic storm on the next day, with the IMD estimating peak 3-minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph). The JTWC upgraded the system to the equivalent of a hurricane on December 4, estimating peak 1-minute winds of 140 km/h (85 mph).
Soon afterwards, it was upgraded to a Category 1 Tropical Cyclone by the JTWC. On November 7, Jal started weakening. Soon afterwards, the IMD reported that Jal weakened into a Cyclonic Storm. Later that day, the JTWC downgraded Jal into a Tropical storm.
In Oman, desert rainfall caused a small locust outbreak. Luban coexisted with Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Titli in the Bay of Bengal, marking the first time since 1971 that two storms of such intensity were active at the same time in the North Indian Ocean.
There were 12 depressions that developed during the season. The first formed on June 20 in the northern Bay of Bengal. It soon moved ashore and dissipated on June 24. In August, there were two depressions and a cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal.
Following further development, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) as they anticipated the system to develop into a tropical storm. Early the next morning the JTWC reported that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm and designated it as Cyclone 01B. The storm tracked towards the west-northwest due to a mid-level ridge over India. Later that morning RSMC New Delhi reported that the depression had intensified into a deep depression and reported it was expected to intensify into Cyclonic Storm Bijli. Around 1500 UTC, the RSMC New Delhi upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm and gave it the name Bijli.
After consolidating into a depression, the storm tracked slowly north-northwestward over the eastern Arabian Sea, and reached cyclonic storm intensity late on 10 June. Steady strengthening continued into 11 June, and the storm underwent rapid intensification late in the day. Vayu reached peak intensity as a high- end very severe cyclonic storm at 06:00 UTC on 12 June, with three-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (90 mph) and a minimum pressure of 970 hPa (28.64 inHg). Despite initially being forecast to make landfall in the state of Gujarat, Vayu turned abruptly to the west on 13 June and moved away from the coast.
Historically, a system has been classified as a depression if it is an area where the barometric pressure is low compared with its surroundings. Other classifications historically used include: cyclonic storm where the winds did not exceed force 10 on the Beaufort scale and a Cyclone where the winds are either force 11 and 12 on the Beaufort scale. Between 1924 and 1988, tropical cyclones were classified into four categories: depression, deep depression, cyclonic storms and severe cyclonic storms. However, a change was made during 1988 to introduce the category "severe cyclonic storm with core of hurricane winds" for tropical cyclones, with wind speeds of more than .
The IMD upgraded the deep depression to Cyclonic Storm Laila early on May 18. With further consolidation of the convection throughout the day, the JTWC noted that the storm "[appeared] to be rapidly intensifying", which is a term referring to a quick drop in barometric pressure that usually coincides with a sharp increase in winds. By late on May 18, an eye feature became evident on satellite imagery, and at 0000 UTC on May 19, the JTWC assessed Laila as producing peak winds of 75 mph (120 km/h), the equivalent of a minimal hurricane. A few hours later, the IMD upgraded Laila to a severe cyclonic storm.
It moved northward before eventually curving westward and dissipating on November 28. The final tropical cyclone developed southwest of Sri Lanka on December 21\. The system headed generally east-northeastward and strengthened into cyclonic storm on December 24, before demising well east of Sri Lanka on the following day.
On May 8, the cyclone turned west-northwestward. Further intensification occurred, with the deep depression becoming a cyclonic storm at 0600 UTC on May 9\. The storm maintained its intensity until weakening slightly early on May 10, while briefly tracking northwestward. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall near Salalah, Oman.
The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi, however, other national meteorological services such as the Bangladesh and Pakistan Meteorological Department's also monitor the basin. The Very Severe Cyclonic Storm category was introduced during 1999 alongside Super Cyclonic Storms in order, to replace the previously used Severe Cyclonic Storm with Core of Hurricane Winds. At the time it was the second-highest category with systems having 3-minute sustained wind speeds of between .
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Gaja was the sixth named cyclone of the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, after Cyclones Sagar, Mekunu, Daye, Luban, and Titli. Forming on November 5 as a low pressure system over the Gulf of Thailand, the system crossed through Southern Thailand and the Malay Peninsula and eventually crossed into the Andaman Sea. The weak system intensified into a depression over the Bay of Bengal on November 10 and further intensified to a cyclonic storm on November 11, being classified 'Gaja'. After tracking west- southwestward for a number of days in the Bay of Bengal, Gaja made landfall in South India, shifted through Vedaranyam, Voimedu, Thiruthuraipoondi, Muthupet, Pudukkottai, Adirampattinam, Pattukkottai and Peravurani.
The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD. This is the first season to have only two named storms since the 1993 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. However, multiple Depressions along with Cyclonic Storm Keila and Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane wreaked damage worth at least US$1.64 million and killing some 360 people overall.
The IMD then followed suit and reported that the system had peaked as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 140 km/h (85 mph). During the rest of that day, the system continued to move westwards and weakened slightly as it started to interact with land. Thane then made landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm early on December 30 on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Pondicherry. After making landfall, Thane rapidly weaken into a depression before the JTWC issued their final advisory during December 30, while the IMD continued to monitor the remnants of Thane until the depression weakened into a well marked low-pressure area on December 31.
The system moved to the northeast within the influence of the monsoon, and quickly intensified due to an anticyclone aloft providing favorable conditions. On June 18, the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, and further to a severe cyclonic storm by 18:00 UTC that day. At 23:00 UTC, the storm made landfall on Gujarat near Diu, only the fourth cyclone since 1891 to strike the state in June. An hour later the IMD assessed peak 3-minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph), based on the appearance of an eye feature. Meanwhile, the JTWC assessed slightly stronger 1-minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), equivalent to a minimal hurricane.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Fifteen developed in the Bay of Bengal on November 16. It meandered there for several days and peaked with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph). Eventually, it weakened and dissipated on November 28. It was tied for the longest-lived cyclone on record in the basin.
Later that day, Cyclonic Storm BOB 06 weakened to a depression. At 1800 UTC on December 25, the JTWC issued a final advisory on the cyclone, citing that it degenerated into a remnant low pressure area while located about 685 km (425 mi) east-southeast of Dondra Head, Sri Lanka.
Lehar made its first landfall south of Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar, early on 25 November. However, it maintained strength. The cyclone strengthened further and developed strong radial outflow, compensating the moderate vertical wind shear in the region. Following this development, the IMD upgraded Lehar to a Severe Cyclonic Storm.
The cloud has also been detected by various probes and telescopes including the Hubble and Mars Global Surveyor. When Hubble Space Telescope viewed it in 1999, it was thought to be cyclonic storm. The diameter was measured to be approximately 1750 km, and featured an "eye" 320 km in diameter.
At this time, the IMD classified the cyclone as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm and reported that it had a wide eye. Rapid weakening followed shortly after landfall and the storm dissipated early on November 16. Major crop losses, property damage, and six fatalities were reported from the affected areas.
Early the next day, organization substantially improved, prompting the JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Around 0900 UTC on October 1, the IMD upgraded the deep depression to Cyclonic Storm Onil. Upon being named, the storm became the first tropical cyclone on record to be named in the northern Indian Ocean.
On October 23, the second depression of the season formed. It developed out of a persistent low in the Arabian Sea. A day later, the depression became the first cyclonic storm of the season, and was named Murjan. It became the first storm to impact the Horn of Africa since Bandu in 2010.
The storm brought moderate rainfall to northern Sri Lanka. On January 6, Vavuniya reported the highest amount of rainfall of , followed by Puttalam, Anuradhapura and Trincomalee receiving each. The depression was the first storm in the North Indian Ocean to form in the month of January since Cyclonic Storm Hibaru in 2005.
The story follows seven children and their teacher who are trapped inside a cave while a fierce cyclonic storm destroys the fictional town of Hills End. They face a struggle to survive as well as having to deal with their loss. A mystery also surrounds ancient aboriginal art found in the cave.
It moved west-northwest into an improving environment for further development before the system was named Lehar on 24 November, after it had developed into a cyclonic storm and passed over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands into the Bay of Bengal. Lehar gradually intensified further into a very severe cyclonic storm, equivalent to a category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), reaching its peak on 26 November, with 3-minute sustained wind speeds of and a minimum central pressure of . Moving along a generally west-northwestward path in the following days, the storm passed over an area having cooler waters and a moderate vertical wind shear. The storm's low-level circulation center (LLCC) started losing its structure, triggering a weakening trend.
The system will be classified as a cyclonic storm and assigned a name by the IMD, if it should develop gale-force wind speeds of between 34–47 kn (39–54 mph; 62–88 km/h). Severe Cyclonic Storms have storm force wind speeds of between 48–63 kn (55–72 mph; 89–117 km/h), while Very Severe Cyclonic Storms have hurricane-force winds of 64–89 kn (73–102 mph; 118–166 km/h). Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms have hurricane-force winds of 90–119 kn (166–221 km/h, 104–137 mph). The highest classification used in the North Indian Ocean is a Super Cyclonic Storm, which have hurricane-force winds of above 120 kn (138 mph; 222 km/h).
The 2002 Oman cyclone (JTWC designation: 01A, officially known as Cyclonic Storm ARB 01) was a tropical cyclone that struck the Dhofar region of Oman in May 2002. The first storm of the 2002 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, it developed on May 6 in the Arabian Sea, and it maintained a general west- northwest track for much of its duration. The system reached cyclonic storm status on May 9, meaning it attained winds of greater than 65 km/h (40 mph), and on May 10 it made landfall near Salalah; shortly thereafter it dissipated. The storm was rare, in the sense that it was one of only twelve tropical cyclones on record to approach the Arabian Peninsula in the month of May.
A system was recorded by German shipping logs on July 3. On July 10, a storm of unknown strength was encountered by the USS Jamestown. There was a moderate gale, rain, squalls, diving barometer, choppy seas, and winds that changed direction in a counter clockwise manner. On August 9, a severe cyclonic storm struck Hawaii.
Around 1500 UTC, the RSMC New Delhi upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm and gave it the name Bijli. Partial convective banding developed around the periphery of the system as it intensified. The conditions for good outflow were present but did not develop. Around this time, the forward motion of the storm also slowed.
The deep depression moved slowly to the north at first, steered by an anticyclone to the northeast. The IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm at 00:00 UTC on 29 October, giving it the name Chapala. Around the same time, the storm turned towards the west, influenced by another anticyclone to its northwest.
Pannawonica’s weather is recorded by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology station number 005069, which was opened in 1971. Between 1971 and 2005, the mean maximum temperature at Pannawonica ranged from 26.7 °C in July to 40.9 °C in January. Pannawonica experiences a wet season that can stretch from December to March, and cyclonic storm events.
Cyclonic Storm Nisha (IMD designation: BOB 07, JTWC designation: 06B) was a fairly weak, but a catastrophic cyclone that struck Sri Lanka, and India which killed over 200. It was the ninth tropical cyclone of the 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, and the seventh tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal that year.
On July 26 a depression formed inland over the Ganges delta. Early on July 30, the system was upgraded to a cyclonic storm by the IMD and named as Komen while making a U-turn. On August 2, Komen was no longer a tropical cyclone. Torrential rains impacted much of Myanmar, causing widespread flooding.
In April 1914 a cyclonic storm swept through Helidon destroying the Catholic Church and severely damaging the convent, as well as many of the other buildings in the town – the Methodist Church, the school, post office and many businesses. St. Joseph's Catholic Church was rebuilt and was opened in September 1914 by Archbishop Duhig.
Cyclone Phet formed in May 2010, about 1100 km away from Karachi. It travelled along the coast, striking Oman then affecting the coast of Balochistan, giving record-breaking rain amounts there. Gwadar, for instance, got 372 mm rainfall in 36-hours. In May 1902, a cyclonic storm struck the coast in the vicinity of Karachi.
Another tropical depression formed in the Bay of Bengal on October 25 and moved northwestward. The depression became a cyclonic storm the following day The storm then turned to the northeast and then back to the northwest were its winds peaked at 45 mph (72 km/h) before dissipating off the coast of Bangladesh on October 28.
Striking Ceylon as a super cyclonic storm, the storm wrought tremendous damage. Winds well in excess of hurricane- force battered the region for over six hours, destroying more than 5,000 homes. In eastern Rameswaram, a passenger train carrying 115 people was swept away by a surge, killing all on board. Nearly every structure in Dhanushkodi was destroyed.
During the festival days, 150,000 devotees come to Yanam to receive the blessings of Lord Venkanna Babu. The Ratham was built in 1950 by the then Committee under then Assemblée Répresentative, Kanakala Tatayya Naidou. The Ratham's weight is around 15 tonnes. It was partially damaged to the heavy cyclonic storm in November 1996 but was renovated in 1998.
At 1200 UTC on November 30, the IMD issued its first complete advisory on the cyclone, naming it Severe Cyclonic Storm Agni and estimating peak winds at 100 km/h (65 mph); the agency predicted the storm would continue northwestward and strengthen slightly before weakening. At its peak, the cyclone had a barometric pressure of 985 mbar.
Chapala rapidly intensified over the Arabian Sea into an Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm, becoming the strongest in the Arabian Sea since Gonu in 2007. Chapala also became the only hurricane force system to make landfall in Yemen, and the first since 1922 in Socotra. Chapala was followed by Megh, which reached a weaker intensity in the same general area.
On May 30, a depression formed in the Bay of Bengal. It moved north-northeastward and strengthened to a 60 mph tropical storm on June 2. BOB 02 affected the same region as the super cyclonic storm nearly a month earlier. Although the storm disrupted relief efforts, as a result of well-executed warnings, it caused no reported fatalities.
The system killed 35 people before weakening and turning to the northwest. It re-intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm, but weakened just off the coast of Pakistan due to wind shear. The storm killed 609 people in the country due to flooding. The final two depressions had their origins from the western Pacific basin.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin (; )Why cyclone Phailin is named so IBNLive.com (CNN–IBN), 2013-10-11. was the most intense tropical cyclone to make landfall in India since the 1999 Odisha cyclone. The system was first noted as a tropical depression on October 4, 2013 within the Gulf of Thailand, to the west of Phnom Penh in Cambodia.
The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi, however, other national meteorological services such as the Bangladesh and Pakistan Meteorological Department's also monitor the basin. The Severe Cyclonic Storm category was historically used to classify all tropical cyclones with winds above , however, it was bifurcated during 1988, when the IMD introduced a new category called Severe Cyclonic Storm with a core of hurricane winds for all systems above . This new category was later further refined into Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms and Super Cyclonic Storms during 1999 and 2015.
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ockhi was a strong tropical cyclone that devastated parts of Sri Lanka and India in 2017, and was the most intense tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea since Cyclone Megh in 2015. The ninth depression, and the third and strongest named storm of the 2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Ockhi originated from an area of low pressure that formed over the southwest Bay of Bengal on November 28. The storm organized into a Depression off southeast coast of Sri Lanka on November 29, causing damage to property and life in Sri Lanka while passing by. Due to high atmospheric moisture and warmer oceanic surface temperature between Sri Lanka and Kanyakumari (Cape Comorin) in mainland India, Ockhi intensified into a cyclonic storm on November 30.
A well-defined eye developed in the center of convection, and after moving over a local increase in ocean heat content, Gonu rapidly deepened. Cyclone Gonu off the coast of Oman on June 5 Late on June 3, the IMD upgraded the storm to Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Gonu. With warm waters, low amounts of vertical wind shear, and favorable upper-level outflow, Gonu strengthened further to attain peak 1-min sustained winds of 270 km/h (165 mph) and gusts to 315 km/h (195 mph), about 285 km (175 mi) east-southeast of Masirah Island on the coast of Oman. The IMD upgraded it to Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu late on June 4, with peak 3-min sustained winds reaching 240 km/h (150 mph) and an estimated pressure of 920 mbar.
It continued westward toward eastern India at a slow pace, later turning more to the west-northwest. Early on 6 November, the storm began rapidly intensifying, and the IMD upgraded the storm to a severe cyclonic storm and later a very severe cyclonic storm. At 04:00 UTC that day, an irregular eye formed in the middle of the central dense overcast, which quickly became more circular and distinct. At 06:00 UTC on 6 November, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), the equivalent of a Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, and a minimum barometric pressure of . The IMD assessed a much lower intensity, estimating 3 minute winds of 145 km/h (90 mph) based on a Dvorak rating of 4.5.
Later that day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system, designating it with 02B. The next day, BOB 02 further intensified into a cyclonic storm and was named Nilam by the IMD. The name Nilam was suggested by Pakistan, it is the Urdu word for Sapphire. The storm made landfall at peak intensity near Mahabalipuram on 31 October, and started weakening.
Around the same time, the JTWC began issuing warnings on the system as Tropical Cyclone 04A. The system remained nearly stationary and quickly organized. By 12:00 UTC on September 22, the IMD had upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm, giving it the name Mukda. Three hours later, the agency estimated peak 3 minute winds of 100 km/h (65 mph).
The nascent system quickly organized, aided by the decreasing wind shear, as well as a surge in the monsoon. The IMD upgraded the depression to a cyclonic storm at 03:00 UTC on May 17. At 12:00 UTC that day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began issuing warnings on the system with its own designation Tropical Cyclone 02B.
A well-defined area of low pressure was identified over the southwestern Bay of Bengal on November 17\. The following day, the system developed into a depression as it moved slowly northwestward. On November 20, as it neared the coast of Tamil Nadu, it intensified into a cyclonic storm, with gusts estimated as high as . Shortly thereafter, it made landfall near Chennai.
In its formative stages, the storm produced moderate rainfall in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, totaling at Mayabunder. Later, as the storm was approaching Myanmar, it dropped of rainfall on Hut Bay. Several stations in Tamil Nadu reported light precipitation, including a total of at Adirampattinam. Along the coast of Odisha, the fringes of the cyclonic storm dropped light rainfall, reaching at Swampatna.
Around this time, the IMD estimated that the storm had three- minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (145 mph), classifying Gay as a modern-day Super Cyclonic Storm. Additionally, the agency estimated the cyclone's central pressure to have decreased to 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg). Around 1800 UTC, Gay made landfall over a sparsely populated area near Kavali, India, in Andhra Pradesh.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mekunu was the strongest storm to strike Oman's Dhofar Governorate since 1959. The second named storm of the 2018 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Mekunu developed out of a low pressure area on May 21\. It gradually intensified, passing east of Socotra on May 23 as a very intense tropical cyclone. On May 25, Mekunu reached its peak intensity.
In December 2016 INS Bitra was operationally deployed to rescue 800 tourists together with INS Bangaram, INS Kumbhir (L22) and LCU 38 from Havelock Island and ferry them to Port Blair as a result of a severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal. In February 2016 together with INS Saryu visited Yangon in Myanmar on an official port visit.
Overall, Murjan lasted two and a half days before dissipating over Nugaal region in northeastern Somalia. Only two days later, the third depression of the season formed in southern Bay of Bengal. It eventually strengthened into Cyclonic Storm Nilam, and it made landfall over Southern India early on October 31. Moving further inland, the storm affected two states and caused widespread flooding.
On April 26, a depression formed to the west of Sumatra, with the IMD giving the storm the identifier BOB 02. The system slowly organized while curving towards the northeast. On April 27, at 00:00 UTC, the IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression. Later that day, the system intensified into Cyclonic Storm Fani, while shifting to the northwest.
At 00:00 UTC on May 16, a depression formed in the southeast Bay of Bengal and was identified as BOB 01. Six hours later, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the system to a deep depression. The system began bringing torrential rainfall to Sri Lanka and Southern India. Around 15:00 UTC, the system further developed into Cyclonic Storm Amphan.
On October 14, Cyclonic Storm Luban struck Yemen in the midst of a civil war and a cholera outbreak, and forced 2,203 families to leave their houses, utilizing 38 schools for shelter. The storm killed 14 people in the country, and injured another 124 people, with 10 people were still missing. Public loss in Yemen were at US$1 billion.
It looks like a cyclonic storm, similar to a hurricane, but it does not rotate. The cloud appears during the northern summer and at high latitude. Speculation is that this is due to unique climate conditions near the northern pole. Cyclone-like storms were first detected during the Viking orbital mapping program, but the northern annular cloud is nearly three times larger.
It looks like a cyclonic storm, similar to hurricane, but it does not rotate. The cloud appears during the northern summer and at high latitude. Speculation is that this is due to unique climate conditions near the northern pole. Cyclone-like storms were first detected during the Viking orbital mapping program, but the northern annular cloud is nearly three times larger.
On July 22, the IMD began monitoring a depression over the Bay of Bengal. Tracking west-northwest, the system intensified into a cyclonic storm later that day before making landfall in Andhra Pradesh, just north of Vishakhapatnam. Once onshore the storm accelerated towards the northwest and weakened. By July 24, the remnants of the cyclone were located over the state of Maharashtra.
Shortly after, the depression was upgraded to a deep depression and further strengthened into a cyclonic storm the following day. The small storm moved slowly towards the west and weakened as wind shear began to increase. The storm weakened below tropical storm intensity later that day and the initial final advisory was issued. However, the system redeveloped and advisories resumed the next day.
A near-equatorial trough spawned a low pressure area on December 22 in the central Bay of Bengal. A circulation within the system developed into a depression on December 23 about 500 km (310 mi) east-southeast of Sri Lanka. A low-latitude storm, the system organized while moving slowly westward. On December 24, the depression strengthened into a deep depression, and the following day into a cyclonic storm, the same day that the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 04B. An eye developed in the center of the blossoming convection, and the system rapidly intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm on December 26\. According to the IMD, the cyclone attained peak winds of 165 km/h (105 mph), and made landfall at that intensity along eastern Sri Lanka near Trincomalee around 12:00 UTC on December 26.
As the storm continued to develop, the radius of maximum winds shrank, resulting in a smaller storm than the previous Cyclone Chapala. At 12:00 UTC on November 7, the JTWC upgraded Megh to the equivalent of a hurricane after a small defined eye became evident. The storm began rapid deepening that day due to the continued low shear and warm water temperatures, and the convection became more symmetric and circular. Such intensification was not anticipated by tropical cyclone forecast models, which emphasized that the external conditions, such as dry air from the west, would be unfavorable. At 06:00 UTC on November 7, the IMD upgraded Megh to a severe cyclonic storm, and just nine hours later upgraded it to a very severe cyclonic storm - the equivalent to hurricane intensity with 3 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).
Upon strengthening into a cyclonic storm, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) assigned the name Bulbul. It continued intensifying and increasing in speed for the next three days, however still slowly moving north and prompting the IMD to issue coastal warnings for Bangladesh and West Bengal of India and prohibit all fishermen activity, beach activity, and boating in and around the Bay of Bengal. About a day later, Bulbul made landfall near Sagar Island in West Bengal around 18:30 GMT on 9 November, killing at least two people and weakening back to a Severe Cyclonic Storm as it interacted with land and unleashed a high storm surge. Not too long after this land interaction, Bulbul rapidly weakened into a deep depression the next day as it began to move over Bangladesh, however still causing very heavy rains.
Though Kalyāṇōtsavām has been performed since old days and Rathotsavam started some 150 years ago with the original Ratha that was sponsored by Kasireddy family. The New Ratham was built in 1952 by the then Committee under then Assemblée Répresentative, Kanakala Tatayya Naidou. The Ratham's weight is around 15 tonnes. It was partially damaged to the heavy cyclonic storm in November 1996 but was renovated in 1998.
Cyclone Fani, one of the most recent extremely severe cyclonic storms, making landfall in Odisha. Behind super cyclonic storms, extremely severe cyclonic storms are the second-highest classification on the India Meteorological Department (IMD)'s intensity scale. There have been 31 of them since reliable records began in 1960. The most recent extremely severe cyclonic storm was Cyclone Maha in the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.
Despite near normal water temperatures over the Arabian Sea, no storms developed in that portion of the basin. Convection was also lower than normal across the Bay of Bengal. The main factor against tropical cyclogenesis was persistently unfavorable wind shear. Overall, there were six depressions, five of which intensified into a cyclonic storm, which has maximum sustained winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph).
A depression formed out of an area of convection southwest of India on September 30\. The next day, it intensified into Cyclonic Storm Onil. becoming the first tropical cyclone on record to be named in the northern Indian Ocean. Cyclone Onil quickly attained its peak intensity on October 2 with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a barometric pressure of 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg).
Simultaneously, the system was driven toward the north by a ridge of high pressure to the northeast. At the time, the cyclone was located about east of Sri Lanka. The storm continued to intensify, becoming a very severe cyclonic storm on May 12. That day, the JTWC upgraded Tropical Cyclone 01B to the equivalence of a minimal hurricane with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).
In addition, the India Meteorological Department estimated the system became a severe cyclonic storm, which has sustained winds of at least . On June 12, the storm attained a minimum pressure of while continuing westward. On June 13, the eye of the cyclone passed over Masirah Island for a 40-minute period, producing peak sustained winds of 167 km/h (104 mph) and a minimum pressure of .
The India Meteorological Department estimated 10 minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph), making Mekunu an extremely severe cyclonic storm. The American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated slightly higher 1 minute winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). While at peak intensity, Mekunu made landfall near Raysut, Oman, on May 25. The storm rapidly weakened over land, dissipating on May 27.
Nisarga intensified into a severe cyclonic storm before making landfall near the coastal town of Alibag in Maharashtra at 12:30 (IST) on June 3. At the time, the system was at peak intensity with 3-minute sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) and a central pressure of 984 hPa (29.06 inHg). The cyclone subsequently weakened into a deep depression by June 4.
No bodies or debris of the ship was found. She was assumed to be wrecked in a cyclonic storm in the Arabian Sea. Though the folklores states casualty of 1300 people, there were 746 people (703 passengers and 43 crew members) on board who went missing in the disaster. The other numbers reported are 798, 741 (38 crew member and 703 passengers) and 744.
A low pressure area consolidated into a depression on November 5. It intensified further, prompting the JTWC to issue a TCFA and the IMD to upgrade it into a deep depression. In the following days, the storm's convection flourished as environmental conditions recuperated. By November 8, Megh rapidly intensified into a marginal Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm, peaking with winds exceeding and a minimum central pressure of .
An area of convection formed on November 26 in the eastern Bay of Bengal within an area of moderate wind shear. As the shear decreased, the convection organized about a developing circulation. On November 27, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 07B, and the next day, the IMD classified it as a depression. That day, the agency quickly upgraded it to Cyclonic Storm Baaz.
Cyclonic Storm Maarutha was the first tropical cyclone of the 2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It was a relatively short-lived and weak system, but it was the first to make landfall in Myanmar in April. Although a weak system, it caused notable damage in Myanmar. Maarutha formed from an area of low pressure over the southern Bay of Bengal on April 15.
A nearby buoy reported a barometric pressure of , which confirmed the increasing organization. At 03:00 UTC on November 1, the IMD upgraded the depression to a deep depression, and 24 hours later to Cyclonic Storm Keila. By that time, the agency estimated peak 3 minute sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph) while the storm was just 150 km (95 mi) southeast of Oman.
The storm gradually intensified as it moved towards the northwest. Dvorak satellite intensity estimates on June 6 reached T4.0, corresponding to an intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph). The IMD also marked the increase in intensity, upgrading ARB 02 to a severe cyclonic storm. Around this time, the storm began to turn towards the north and accelerate due to an approaching mid-level trough.
During the next day, the IMD reported that the depression had intensified into a Deep Depression, before later that day reporting that it had intensified into Cyclonic Storm Thane. As it was named, Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure before its development slowed as strong outflow and marginally favourable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent easterly vertical wind shear. Early on December 28, the JTWC reported that Thane had become the equivalent to a category one hurricane on the SSHS before later that day the IMD reported that Thane had become the first Very Severe Cyclonic Storm of the season. During December 28, Thane continued to intensify, and developed a small pinhole eye, before the JTWC reported that Thane had attained its peak intensity early on December 29 with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 165 km/h (105 mph).
Over the next few days, it moved westwards within an area of low to moderate vertical wind shear, before as it passed over the Malay Peninsula, it moved out of the Western Pacific Basin on October 6. It emerged into the Andaman Sea during the next day and moved west- northwest into an improving environment for further development before the system was named Phailin on October 9, after it had developed into a cyclonic storm and passed over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands into the Bay of Bengal. During the next day, Phailin intensified rapidly and became a very severe cyclonic storm on October 10, equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS). On October 11, the system became equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the SSHWS, before it started to weaken during the next day, as it approached the Indian state of Odisha.
At 0700 UTC on April 29, Mala made landfall just south of Thandwe in Myanmar's Rakhine State as a very severe cyclonic storm. The JTWC estimated winds at this time to have been 165 km/h (105 mph). Rapid weakening ensued once the cyclone moved onshore. Within 12 hours of landfall, Mala weakened to a deep depression and was last noted as a dissipating system earl on April 30.
On May 10, a depression formed in the central Bay of Bengal, and within a few days became a very severe cyclonic storm. After it stalled, it drew moisture from the southwest to produce severe flooding across Sri Lanka, killing 254 people and becoming the worst floods there since 1947. Damage on the island totaled $135 million (2003 USD). The storm eventually made landfall in Myanmar on May 19\.
A zonal flow regime. Note the dominant west-to-east flow as shown in the 500 hPa height pattern. A February 24, 2007 radar image of a large extratropical cyclonic storm system at its peak over the central United States. Extratropical cyclones are generally driven, or "steered", by deep westerly winds in a general west to east motion across both the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth.
The 1996 Lake Huron Cyclone, commonly referred to as Hurricane Huron, Cyclone Huron, or the Lake Huron Subtropical Cyclone of 1996, was a strong cyclonic storm system that developed over Lake Huron in September 1996. The system resembled a subtropical cyclone at its peak, having some characteristics of a tropical cyclone. It was the first time such a storm has ever been recorded over the Great Lakes region.
Early on 26 November, the IMD upgraded Lehar to a Very Severe Cyclonic storm. Meanwhile, they have warned the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha of heavy rainfall and strong winds. Animation of Lehar crossing the coast of India Under the steering influence of the subtropical ridge, Lehar continued to track in a west-northwesterly direction. The storm maintained a peak 1-minute average sustained windspeed of .
Later that morning RSMC New Delhi designated the disturbance as Depression BOB 02. The Cyclone crossed the West Bengal coast close to the east of Sagar Island between 0800 & 0900 UTC as a severe cyclonic storm on 25 May. A maximum wind gust of 112 km/h was recorded in Kalaikunda in West Bengal. Singlabazar recorded 320 mm of rainfall in 48 hours between 26 and 27 May.
On October 6, a low-pressure area formed in the Andaman Sea. Over the next two days, the disaster entered the Bay of Bengal and became a depression on October 8, receiving the designation BOB 08 from the IMD. Afterward, the storm rapidly strengthened, becoming a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm on October 9, with the strength of a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). Between 4:30 a.m.
Around the same time, the IMD had announced that the system intensified into a depression. Over the next 24 hours, the depression continued to drift further northwestwards into warm waters and faced low vertical wind shear. As a result, it continued to intensify and the JTWC began tracking it as a tropical storm. Subsequently, the IMD upgraded it to a deep depression and Cyclonic Storm Mekunu later the same day.
On 27 September 1952 Bishop Hudson finally dedicated the stone church, 40 years after construction had commenced. St David's Church suffered structural damage to its sanctuary during a cyclonic storm in 1979. In the same year a building fund was established to construct a vestry. In 1980 a cruciform design was accepted, with small transepts to accommodate a vestry to the north and a chapel to the south of the crossing.
The Meghna includes the accumulated waters of the Brahmaputra and Ganges. It flows along the eastern boundary of the district in a southerly direction until it flows into the Bay of Bengal. During the latter part of its course the river expands into a large estuary containing many islands, the largest one being Dakshin Shahbazpur. The islands on the seafront are regularly exposed to devastation by cyclonic storm-waves.
Located beneath the axis of an upper-level ridge, the depression was able to intensify and organize more, with prominent outflow developing. On 5 November, the IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression and later to a cyclonic storm. At 06:00 UTC on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating 1 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).
The 2016 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It was the deadliest season since 2010, killing more than 400 people. The season was an average one, seeing four named storms, with one further intensifying into a very severe cyclonic storm. The first named storm, Roanu, developed on 19 May while the season's last named storm, Vardah, dissipated on 18 December.
On December 12, Vardah weakened into a Severe Cyclonic Storm, before making landfall over the eastern coast of India, close to Chennai, Tamil Nadu, with winds of . Afterward, it rapidly weakened into a depression, due to land interaction, on 13 December. The depression caused overnight rainfall in Southern Karnataka on December 13. Due to land interaction, Vardah degenerated into a well-marked low on December 13, at around midday, local time.
A low pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea on October 26. It slowly consolidated, prompting the IMD to classify it a depression on October 28. Later the same day, the JTWC issued its Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the system, and the IMD upgraded the storm to deep depression intensity. Further intensification ensued, causing the IMD to upgrade the system to a cyclonic storm, naming it Chapala.
On October 8, while Hudhud was gaining cyclonic storm intensity, the authorities closed schools and cancelled ferry services in and around the Andaman Islands.Local fishermen were warned about the storm. The Andaman Trunk Road, one of the major roads traversing the island, was shut down after trees were uprooted due to the storm's force. Landslides were reported on the island, causing some power and communication lines to fail.
It also affected neighboring Karachi in Pakistan. A strong monsoon surge prevented formation of systems until a deep depression formed over West Bengal in October and caused heavy rainfall. A couple of depression formed between mid October and November which continued the rain spell causing destruction of life and property. Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ockhi formed in early December and wreaked havoc in the countries where it impacted.
The IMD upgraded it to a cyclonic storm on October 14, estimating peak 3 minute winds of 85 km/h (50 mph). The JTWC assessed slightly higher 1 minute winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). Increased wind shear stripped away the convection, causing the storm to weaken. By October 17, the system deteriorated into a depression and began drifting to the southwest, having moved between two ridges.
The Kamayani Express, which was headed to Varanasi on the down line, derailed as flash floods (caused by Cyclonic Storm Komen) dislodged a culvert near the Machak river, causing track misalignment. The derailment resulted in some coaches becoming submerged in the river and some coaches blocking the up line. The Janata Express derailed near the same spot soon after. At least 31 people died and 100 people were injured.
The 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was one of the most active North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons ever recorded, featuring 12 depressions, 11 deep depressions, 8 cyclonic storms, a record 6 severe cyclonic storms, a record 6 very severe cyclonic storms, a record 3 extremely severe cyclonic storms, and 1 super cyclonic storm, Kyarr, the first since Cyclone Gonu in 2007. Additionally, it was also the third-costliest season recorded in the North Indian Ocean, only behind the 2020 and 2008 seasons. The season's first named storm, Pabuk, entered the basin on January 4, becoming the earliest-forming cyclonic storm of the North Indian Ocean on record. The second cyclone of the season, Cyclone Fani, was the strongest tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal by 3-minute maximum sustained wind speed and minimum barometric pressure since the 1999 Odisha cyclone, while being equal in terms of maximum 3-minute sustained wind speed to 2007's Sidr and 2013's Phailin.
During 6 May, the system started to move more towards the north-west because of a weakness in the subtropical ridge, as it continued to intensify and became a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm. This turn towards the northwest turned out to be more northerly than had been expected, which as a result allowed the system to stay offshore for longer than had been expected by the JTWC. Over the next couple of days the system rapidly intensified before the JTWC reported early on 8 May, that the system had peaked with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 230 km/h (145 mph), which made the system equivalent to a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. At around the same time the IMD also reported that the cyclone had peaked as a Super Cyclonic Storm, with 3-minute sustained wind speeds of 235 km/h (145 mph) and an estimated central pressure of .
On May 4, the IMD reported that a tropical depression had developed over the Bay of Bengal, about to the southeast of Chennai, India. During that day the system gradually developed further as it moved westwards under the influence of the subtropical ridge of high pressure. The depression subsequently became a cyclonic storm early on May 5, before the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 02B later that day. The system subsequently started to move north-westwards because of a weakness in the subtropical ridge, as it continued to intensify and became a very severe cyclonic storm during May 6. Over the next couple of days the system rapidly intensified before the JTWC reported early on May 8, that the system had peaked with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 230 km/h (145 mph), which made the system equivalent to a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.
This basin is divided in two seas by India, the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, abbreviated BOB and ARB, respectively. Although an inactive year, 2006 had more of note than previous years like 2005 or 2004. Cyclone Mala caused severe damage and killed 22 when it hit Burma as a cat. 3. An unnamed depression killed over 100 in India, and cyclonic storm Ogni caused minor effects in India as well.
The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi. Within the basin an extremely severe cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds between .
On November 14, an area of low pressure formed to the west of Lakshadweep. Tracking generally westward, it eventually developed into a depression three days later. Gradual intensification took place over the following two days, with the system becoming a cyclonic storm on November 19\. On November 20, the system attained its peak intensity with winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) and a minimum pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; 29.36 inHg).
Based on satellite imagery, it was estimated that the storm had peak winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), with gusts as high as 280 km/h (175 mph). This ranked the system as a modern-day super cyclonic storm. Weakening somewhat, the system continued westward, moving over Tamil Nadu, before rapidly weakening. The system degenerated into a remnant low after emerging over the Arabian Sea on December 24 and dissipated two days later.
On May 14, the IMD upgraded it to a deep depression, and six hours later it was designated the first cyclonic storm of the season, Akash. Akash continued to strengthen and the JTWC analysed it as having reached hurricane-force winds on May 14. It made landfall on the coast near the Bangladesh–Myanmar border early on May 15, and weakened quickly inland. The name, contributed by India, means "sky" in Hindi.
It was initially assigned the code BOB 07. Early the next day, the IMD reported that BOB 07 had reached deep depression status, and immediately afterwards, they upgraded BOB 07 into a cyclonic storm, naming it Lehar. Being located in an area of moderate vertical wind shear of around , convection gradually consolidated around the LLCC, though being slightly displaced towards the northwest. Later that day, Lehar developed a weak microwave eye-like feature.
Favorable upper-level conditions and good outflow allowed the storm to intensify. Shortly after, the cyclone attained tropical storm-force winds and turned towards the northeast. While gradually increasing in forward motion, the storm continued to strengthen. The IMD eventually upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm on May 16. On May 17, the cyclone attained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
Early on October 27, Kyarr intensified into a super cyclonic storm, becoming the first one in the basin since Gonu in 2007. The system continued to intensify, attaining maximum three-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 922 hPa (27.23 inHg), Kyarr began slowly weakening on October 29 as it headed southwest towards the direction of Somalia. Kyarr dissipated off the coast of Somalia on November 1.
It was the second Severe Cyclonic Storm to make landfall in West Bengal after Cyclone Aila. The storm produced heavy rain over many parts of West Bengal with Digha receiving 98 mm, Kolkata receiving 101 mm, Halisahar recording 95 mm and Dumdum receiving 90 mm of rain. Strong winds were also reported in many parts of South Bengal. Strong winds of 75 km/h also battered the Kolkata by uprooting many trees.
Until 2004, tropical cyclones were not named in the north Indian Ocean. Through its role as Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, the IMD issued warnings on the storm, designating it Super Cyclonic Storm BoB 1. The agency tracked the storm using satellite imagery, radar, and other meteorological stations. The JTWC, providing warnings and support to American military interests, designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 02B, and also referred to it as a "super cyclone".
Around this time, the storm began moving more to the west- northwest toward Yemen, rounding the southwestern periphery of a ridge. Between 01:00-02:00 UTC on 3 November, Chapala made landfall near Mukalla with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph). This marked the first Yemeni hurricane-intensity landfall on record, and the first severe cyclonic storm to hit the country since May 1960. The center straddled the coast before heading inland.
A February 24, 2007 radar image of a large extratropical cyclonic storm system at its peak over the central United States. Note the band of thunderstorms along its trailing cold front. Rainbands in advance of warm occluded fronts and warm fronts are associated with weak upward motion,Owen Hertzman (1988). Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Rainbands in Midlatitude Cyclones. Retrieved on 2008-12-24 and tend to be wide and stratiform in nature.Yuh-Lang Lin (2007).
Under the influence of a low-level trough, a low- pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea in late October. The system organized and the IMD designated the system Depression "ARB 02". The depression moved toward the Middle East during the next few days and intensified into a Deep Depression on November 1. In the morning of November 2, IMD upgraded the deep depression into a cyclonic storm and assigned it the name Keila.
Early on December 23, the storm struck Norther Ceylon and India's Pamban Island with winds estimated at 240 km/h (150 mph), ranking it as a modern-day super cyclonic storm. Weakening somewhat, the storm soon struck Tamil Nadu. Rapid weakening followed once the cyclone was onshore and it degenerated into a depression on December 24 as it emerged over the Arabian Sea. The system later dissipated on December 26 over open water.
Based on this report, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the system as a deep depression. Over the following days, the system quickly intensified as it began moving slowly westward. By December 19, it became a severe cyclonic storm and soon acquired hurricane-force winds early on December 20 while near 5°N. The cyclone became one of only a handful of system to attain such an intensity close to the equator.
Based on satellite imagery, it was estimated that the storm had peak winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), with gusts as high as 280 km/h (175 mph). This ranked the system as a modern- day super cyclonic storm. Additionally, the IMD estimated its central pressure to have been, at most, 970 mbar (hPa; 28.64 inHg). The lowest observed pressure was 978 mb (hPa; 28.88 inHg) in Mannar on the west coast of Ceylon.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mala was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. In mid-April 2006, an area of disturbed weather formed over the southern Bay of Bengal and nearby Andaman Sea. Over a period of several days, the system became increasingly organized and was classified as a depression on April 24\. Situated within a region of weak steering currents, the storm slowly intensified as it drifted in a general northward direction.
On October 27, an area of convection formed west of Sri Lanka, spawning a circulation in the Palk Strait on the next day. With low to moderate wind shear, the system's convection organized and developed outflow. Early on October 29, a depression developed just east of India's southeast coast. It quickly intensified while moving parallel to the coastline, becoming Cyclonic Storm Ogni later that day with peak 3 minute winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).
A low pressure area developed within an equatorial trough centered over the southeastern Bay of Bengal on November 22\. After tracking northwestward for about twenty-four hours, the system developed into Tropical Cyclone 04B, while located about 815 km (505 mi) east-southeast of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. While moving northward, it intensified into a deep depression at 1800 UTC on November 23\. Strengthening continued and early on November 24, the deep depression was upgraded to a cyclonic storm.
However, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on March 29, a signal of further organization. That day, the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, and early on March 30 the storm attained winds of 85 km/h (50 mph) while curving to the north-northeast. Increased wind shear from the westerlies imparted rapid weakening, causing the convection to dwindle to the northeast. According to the IMD, the storm rapidly dissipated on March 30.
For example, within the Northern Atlantic and Eastern Pacific basins, a tropical cyclone with wind speeds of over is called a hurricane, while it is called a typhoon or a severe cyclonic storm within the Western Pacific or North Indian Oceans. Within the Southern Hemisphere, it is either called a hurricane, tropical cyclone or a severe tropical cyclone, depending on if it is located within the South Atlantic, South-West Indian Ocean, Australian region or the South Pacific Ocean.
By May 27, the system weakened to a cyclonic storm and by this time was approaching the northwestern coastline of India, near Gujarat. The following day, the storm made landfall in the Saurashtra region as a deep depression with winds of 55 km/h (35 mph 3-minute winds). The depression quickly weakened after moving inland and dissipated early on May 29\. Although a powerful cyclone over water, the storm had relatively little impact over land.
The JTWC assessed the circulation was dissipating near the coast, and the JMA declared Podul dissipated at 1200 UTC on November 15. Operationally, the agency tracked the system into the Gulf of Thailand, and the Thai Meteorological Department tracked Podul to near the Malay Peninsula on November 16, before ceasing advisories on the storm. The remnants later redeveloped into Cyclonic Storm Helen in the Bay of Bengal, which later struck southeastern India on November 22 before dissipating.
Of these nine, a total of four further strengthened into cyclonic storms, while two attained their peaks as extremely severe cyclonic storms. In early June, Cyclonic Storm Ashobaa produced significant flooding in eastern Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Later that month, Deep Depression ARB 02 resulted in the worst floods in the Amreli district of Gujarat in 90 years. The storm resulted in 80 deaths and an estimated 16.5 billion Indian rupees in damage in the state.
At 00:00 UTC on November 11, the deep depression strengthened into a cyclonic storm, and was named Gaja. After tracking west-southwestward for a number of days, it made landfall in southern India, on November 16. The storm survived crossing over into the Arabian Sea later that day; however, it degenerated into a remnant low in hostile conditions only several days later, on November 20. On the next day, the storm's remnants dissipated near Socotra.
On December 6, the JTWC began to monitor an area of low pressure near the newly-formed Cyclonic Storm Pawan. Two days later, on December 8, the low gained more convection and a defined circulation while moving westward, with the IMD classifying the system as Depression ARB 08. The system later intensified into a deep depression during the early hours of December 9. On December 10, the system degenerated into a well-marked low off the coast of Somalia.
Cyclonic Storm Bijli (JTWC designation: 01B), was the first tropical cyclone to form during the 2009 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Bijli formed from an area of Low Pressure on April 14. Later that evening, RSMC New Delhi upgraded the low pressure area to a Depression and designated it as BOB 01. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system and soon after designated it as Tropical Depression 01B.
For storms, these are abbreviated as BOB and ARB by the IMD. So far this season there have been four depressions that have formed; three in the Bay of Bengal and one in the Arabian Sea. Three of the depressions have intensified further with two becoming cyclonic storms with the names Bijli and Aila being assigned to them, whilst the other depression became a Deep Depression. Aila intensified further and peaked as a Severe Cyclonic Storm.
Early on 29 April, the IMD upgraded the system to a super cyclonic storm – the highest category – and estimated peak winds of 240 km/h (150 mph). The JTWC estimated peak winds of 160 mph (260 km/h), the equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale or a super typhoon. The cyclone's high winds and low pressure, a rarity for the Bay of Bengal, ranked it among the most intense cyclones in the basin.
Early the next day the IMD reported that Cyclonic Storm Nisha had made landfall in Tamil Nadu, India, at 0030 UTC. Later that day as the IMD reported that Nisha had weakened into a deep depression, The JTWC issued their final advisory on Nisha. The IMD then reported that Nisha had weakened into a Depression and then issued their last advisory the next day, reporting that Nisha had weakened into a well-marked area of low pressure.
No systems strengthened beyond cyclonic storm status. The season was the sixth in a row with below normal activity, based on the seasonal accumulated cyclone energy. Storms generally develop when the monsoon trough is located over tropical waters, with a peak from May to June and another peak in November. The monsoon developed 11 distinct low pressure areas by the end of September, including five monsoon depressions, and the monsoon season was more active than usual.
It was the first cyclonic storm in the month in seven years. Attaining peak winds of 65 km/h (40 mph), the storm took an unusual track to the southwest. On September 19, Pyarr made landfall just northeast of Kalingapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. It turned westward and weakened over land, deteriorating into a remnant low on September 22 over Madhya Pradesh. As a depression, the system produced damaging swells along coastal Bangladesh, forcing 12,000 people to evacuate.
Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD. Overall, there was a total of 12 depressions, of which 7 became cyclonic storms, and 1 further strengthened to a very severe cyclonic storm. These totals were slightly above the long-term average of 5.4 cyclonic storms for the basin. In contrast to this, the JTWC reported record- breaking activity with 13 tropical cyclones, 11 of which became tropical storms.
Typhoon, cyclone, cyclonic storm and hurricane are different names for the same phenomenon, which is a tropical cyclone that forms over the oceans. It is characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The determining factor on which term is used is based on where they originate. In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term "hurricane" is used; in the Northwest Pacific it is referred to as a "typhoon" and "cyclones" occur in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Great Dark Spot (top), Scooter (middle white cloud), and Small Dark Spot (bottom). A high-resolution view of the Small Dark Spot The Small Dark Spot, sometimes also called Dark Spot 2 or The Wizard's Eye, was an extraterrestrial vortex on the planet Neptune. It was the second largest southern cyclonic storm on the planet in 1989, when Voyager 2 flew by the planet. When the Hubble Space Telescope observed Neptune in 1994, the storm had disappeared.
Gradually strengthening, the system attained typhoon intensity (or modern-day Severe Cyclonic Storm-equivalent) at 00:00 UTC on November 26\. Shortly after reaching this strength, the cyclone began to curve northward, rounding the western periphery of a subtropical ridge centered over Indochina. Due to the ridge's broad size, the tropical cyclone was steered generally due north rather than northeast. Gradual intensification continued as the storm progressed closer to the coasts of Bangladesh and East India.
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Hikaa was a tropical cyclone that struck eastern Oman in September 2019. The third named storm of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Hikaa formed on September 22 west of India in the Arabian Sea. The storm reached peak intensity on September 24, with maximum sustained winds estimated over 140 km/h (85 mph). Later that day, the storm made landfall in eastern Oman south of Duqm, and quickly dissipated over the Arabian Peninsula.
Hours before making landfall in India, Gay attained its peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent cyclone with winds estimated at 260 km/h (160 mph). Additionally, the IMD estimated that the storm had three-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (145 mph), classifying Gay as a modern-day Super Cyclonic Storm. The powerful storm soon made landfall near Kavali, India, in Andhra Pradesh before rapidly weakening onshore. The system eventually dissipated over Maharashtra on November 10.
Storms were also tracked on an unofficial basis by the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). During the year, the IMD tracked five tropical disturbances, one of which reformed into a very severe cyclonic storm. Significantly lower than the average of 15 disturbances per year, this made the 1993 season the quietest on record, with two fewer disturbances than the seven that developed in the 1984 season. The inactivity followed the record active 1992 season.
On November 12, it re-intensified into a depression, after convection increased over the center, and the IMD gave the storm a new identifier, ARB 02. Later that day, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 01A. As the storm turned to the north and northeast, it intensified further, based on observations from two ships. The IMD upgraded it to a very severe cyclonic storm on November 14, estimating peak winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).
After the annual monsoon moved across India, a thermal low developed in early June over Maharashtra in west-central India. Steered by the flow of the monsoon, the low moved offshore and tracked generally west-northwestward, bringing heavy rainfall and gusty winds to the coast. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra reported sustained winds of 74 km/h (46 mph). The IMD classified the low as a depression late on June 5, and upgraded it further to a cyclonic storm the next day.
An upper-level low persisted over the Andaman Sea on November 24. By the next day, a circulation center was present about 370 km (230 mi) west of Thailand, although convection was dislocated to the west due to wind shear. After the thunderstorms concentrated over the center early on November 26, the IMD classified the system as a depression. A ridge to the north steered the system generally westward. Outflow and convective organization gradually increased, and late on November 26 the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 03B. As the rainbands organized around the center, the winds increased; the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm on November 27, and to a severe and later a very severe cyclonic storm on November 28. By November 28, a 20 km (12 mi) wide eye was developing, prompting the JTWC to upgrade the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph). By comparison, the IMD estimated peak winds of 190 km/h (115 mph).
At around the same time, the IMD classified it as a "low pressure area... likely to become well marked." Upon being classified, the tropical cyclone was moving northwestward under the influence of a ridge over India. Its outflow to the north and south became better defined, although its proximity to the equator limited its southerly outflow somewhat due to wind shear. Early on November 29, the IMD classified the system as a depression, and throughout the day it rapidly intensified to become a cyclonic storm; a cyclonic storm is a tropical cyclone with at least 65 km/h (40 mph) winds sustained for 3 minutes. Around that time, the JTWC assessed the cyclone as reaching peak winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), sustained for 1 minute, along with gusts to 150 km/h (90 mph). Late on November 29, the cyclone weakened slightly, only to regain its peak intensity by November 30; at that time, it developed a banding eye, and was located about 1500 km (900 mi) southeast of the coast of Somalia.
However, in most of New South Wales this blocking high produced uninterrupted dry weather. At Canberra, it was the driest April on record, and a remarkable feature of the month was that the highest rainfalls in New South Wales occurred in the normally dry Western Division. A cyclonic storm in May led to floods on the North Coast, but from June drought again set in over the eastern coastal belt between Bundaberg and Hobart. August and September were particularly dry.
The deadliest and most intense cyclone of the season was Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten, which killed 14,174 in East Pakistan in early November. With peak winds estimated at 150 km/h (90 mph) and a pressure of 966.7 mbar (hPa; 28.55 inHg), it struck just three weeks after the previous system devastated the same area. The storm produced a storm tide that swept 16 km (10 mi) inland, submerging several small islands. The two storms left a combined 200,000-300,000 people homeless.
Later that day, it made a second landfall in extreme southern India near Thoothukudi as a cyclonic storm. Continuing westward, the system emerged into the Arabian Sea on December 28 as a depression and degenerated into a remnant low. On the next day, the remnant low merged with a trough and spread rainfall northward through India. The strongest storm to threaten Sri Lanka since 1992, the cyclone produced estimated wind gusts of 175 km/h (110 mph) near where it moved ashore.
At that time, the storm had intensified into a deep depression. Further strengthening occurred, and it was upgraded to a cyclonic storm early on December 24. After peaking with maximum sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of on December 24, the storm soon weakened and convection diminished, possibly due to interaction with a nearby tropical disturbance. By early on the following day, it was downgraded to a deep depression while moving toward the northeast.
After a period of inactivity during the monsoon season, there were cyclonic storms in September and October in the northern Arabian Sea. Both lasted only a few days and dissipated due to unfavorable wind shear. Another cyclonic storm formed in the Bay of Bengal and struck Andhra Pradesh, which dropped heavy rainfall that was equivalent to 300% of the average October precipitation total. The rains caused flooding, particularly in Cuddapah, where a dam was deliberately opened and inundated the town overnight.
A low-level circulation formed beneath a well-defined mid- level storm, with intense convection and strong winds north of the center. At 06:00 UTC on October 9, the JTWC began classifying the system as Tropical Cyclone 03A. With increasing banding features, the storm strengthened while moving west-northwestward, steered by a ridge to the north. At 09:00 UTC that day, the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, estimating peak winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).
The system eventually began a steady northeast track, bringing it ashore in western Myanmar on May 19 as a re- intensified cyclonic storm. It dissipated shortly thereafter over land, and was no longer observable on satellite imagery by May 20. Early and later in its duration, the storm brought rainfall to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Although the storm never passed within of the island, the cyclone produced torrential rainfall across southwest Sri Lanka after it stalled in the central Bay of Bengal.
The cyclone drifted north over the central Bay of Bengal, gradually weakening due to heightened wind shear. Turning eastward, the storm deteriorated to a deep depression on May 16 before it curved northeastward and re-intensified into a cyclonic storm. It came ashore in western Myanmar and dissipated over land the following day. In the wake of prolonged precipitation during the first half of May, the cyclone produced torrential rains across southwest Sri Lanka while stationary in the central Bay of Bengal.
The IMD followed suit, upgrading the storm to a Deep Depression, and soon afterwards to Cyclonic Storm Ockhi. The storm tracked along Sri Lanka's southwestern and western coastline, towards the west-northwest, around the southern verge of a subtropical ridge located over India. Owing to highly favorable conditions, the storm displayed a thick convective ring, surrounding a well-defined eye feature on the same day. The storm tracked westwards and intensified further into a Severe Cyclone Storm early on December 1.
Around 0300 UTC on November 10, a depression developed in the southwestern Bay of Bengal. Three hours later, a bulletin from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) indicated that BOB 03 formed about 265 km (165 mi) east-southeast of Chennai, India. The system steadily intensified and headed northeastward. At 1200 UTC on November 11, the depression reached gale force and was upgraded to Cyclonic Storm BOB 03. At that time, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated warnings on Tropical Cyclone 03B.
Further strengthening briefly slowed later on November 11\. However, early on the following day, the storm resumed intensification. At 0600 UTC on November 12, BOB 03 became a severe cyclonic storm and reached its maximum sustained wind speed of 100 km/h (65 mph), in addition to an estimated minimum barometric pressure of . However, the Regional Meteorological Centre (RMC) in Kolkata, India bulletin at 0530 UTC on November 12, reported maximum sustained winds of only 55-75 km/h (35-45 mph).
Phethai steadily strengthened and on December 16, Phethai peaked with 65 mph winds and at severe cyclonic storm status. The storm steadily weakened and made landfall at Katrenikona on December 17, with 3-minute sustained winds of 50 mph. Phethai rapidly weakened as it traversed Andhra Pradesh, and finally dissipated over a tropical rainforest south west of Kolkata. Eight people were reported dead after Phethai, and the agricultural damage in Andhra Pradesh was estimated at ₹294.54 crore (US$41.1 million).
On December 3, a depression formed over the east-central Arabian Sea, with the IMD marking it as Depression ARB 06. It gradually strengthened into a deep depression soon after. Initial forecasts expected the system to intensify into a cyclonic storm, however, a high amount of wind shear caused it to weaken substantially, and it weakened into a low-pressure area on December 5, west of the Indian coast. Heavy rains associated with the depression caused extensive flooding in Tamil Nadu.
The southwest monsoon was subsequently delayed by six days setting in over the Indian state of Kerala and eventually moved over the state during June 6. Over the next few days the monsoon set in further over the Bay of Bengal, while it was enhanced over the Arabian Sea by the formation of Cyclonic Storm Nanauk. By June 18, the monsoon covered most of the North Indian Ocean and parts of Gujarat, Konkan & Goa, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and Gangetic West Bengal.
On October 6, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) designated the system as Depression ARB 04. A day later, the agency upgraded the system to a deep depression, and on October 8, the IMD upgraded it further to Cyclonic Storm Luban. On the same day, the JTWC initiated advisories on Luban, giving it the designation Tropical Cyclone 05A. By that time the JTWC initiated advisories, Luban had rotating rainbands around a persistent central area of thunderstorms, with good outflow to the north.
A tropical depression formed near Palau on October 28 and made landfall in Vietnam on October 30 as it intensified to a tropical storm and was named "Matmo". The storm brought rainfall to Cambodia and Thailand, while the heaviest rainfall occurred in Vietnam, causing flooding and road closures. The storm quickly weakened to tropical depression status and dissipated, with its remnants later emerging into the North Indian Ocean on November 2. The remnants soon developed into Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Bulbul.
Both the IMD and the JTWC estimated peak maximum sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), with a minimum central pressure of estimated by the IMD. Operationally, the JTWC estimated slightly higher winds of 250 km/h (155 mph). At its peak, Kyarr had a well- defined eye, surrounded by well-defined rainbands and outflow. For about 12 hours, Kyarr maintained peak intensity, although it remained a super cyclonic storm for about 51 hours while moving toward the Arabian Peninsula.
At around 12:00 UTC on November 29, the tropical cyclone made landfall near the border between Bangladesh and West Bengal at the mouth of the Hooghly River. At the time, the JTWC analyzed the storm to have had maximum sustained winds of 200 km/h (125 mph); this was the cyclone's peak intensity. After landfall, the storm slowly weakened over Bangladesh and was last noted as a cyclonic storm-equivalent with sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) on November 30\.
Out of 35 persons on board at the time, 31 were drowned, including the master and all the officers. The Court was informed that the Fitzroy left Coffs Harbor for Sydney on the afternoon of Saturday, 25 June. During the night the weather became bad and the vessel ran into a cyclonic storm. A large quantity of water came aboard at about half past 6 o'clock on Sunday morning, and thereupon the vessel took a list to port which gradually increased.
Early on May 9 the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, estimating winds of 65 km/h (40 mph) and a pressure of . Around that time, the storm was estimated by the JTWC to have attained peak winds of 85 km/h (50 km/h), with an atmospheric pressure of 991 mbar. While located a short distance offshore, the storm turned to the northwest and weakened slightly. At about 0900 UTC on May 10, the storm made landfall near Salalah, Oman.
The North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi, however, other national meteorological services such as the Bangladesh and Pakistan Meteorological Department's also monitor the basin. The Cyclonic Storm category has historically been used to classify all tropical cyclones with winds between .
On June 7, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system, designating it Tropical Cyclone 03A and estimating peak winds of 85 km/h (50 mph). On the same day, the IMD upgraded the system to a severe cyclonic storm, estimating peak winds of 100 km/h (65 mph). The storm weakened as it continued across the northern Arabian Sea. By June 9, the storm had weakened to a depression, and that day it passed near Masirah Island before moving over eastern Oman.
On the same day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, although they did not begin advisories due to the center being on the east side of the convection. At 0900 UTC on September 25, the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm, estimating peak winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). Early on September 26, the circulation moved beneath the convection, prompting the JTWC to begin advisories on Tropical Cyclone 02A. Around that time, the storm's outskirts dropped light rainfall in western India.
The first storm of the season originated from the monsoon trough, developing into a depression on May 10 in the Bay of Bengal. Initially favorable conditions allowed the system to steadily intensify while moving northwestward, reaching peak maximum sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) on May 13\. This made it a very severe cyclonic storm according to the IMD. The storm later drifted northward and later to the east in the central Bay of Bengal, although increased wind shear induced weakening into a deep depression.
Shortly before reaching shore, the system turned north and later west, away from land. After taking this turn, the storm intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm, attaining its peak intensity on May 24 with winds of 215 km/h (130 mph 3-minute winds) and a barometric pressure of 932 mbar (hPa). At the time, this ranked the cyclone as the strongest known storm in the Arabian Sea. After stalling several hundred kilometres offshore, the storm weakened over cooler waters that it had upwelled.
Cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure. Hurricane Katrina Hurricane, tropical cyclone, and typhoon are different names for the cyclonic storm system that forms over the oceans. It is caused by evaporated water that comes off of the ocean and becomes a storm. The Coriolis effect causes the storms to spin.. Hurricane is used for these phenomena in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans, tropical cyclone in the Indian, and typhoon in the western Pacific.
On December 2, a depression formed over the southwestern Arabian Sea, east of Somalia. It strengthened into a cyclonic storm on December 4 owing to favorable conditions in the surrounding area, earning the name Pawan. The system continued north, gaining a little more strength, and then turned west the following day, Pawan struggled to maintain its structure due to a high amount of wind shear, but continued to move west towards Somalia. This wind shear caused Pawan's convection to briefly dissipate, but it soon regenerated.
Hudhud underwent rapid deepening in the following days, intensified into a Very severe cyclonic storm and developed a well-defined eye feature. Shortly before landfall near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh on October 12, Hudhud reached its peak strength with three-minute wind speeds of and a minimum central pressure of . The system drifted northwards over land and was last noted as a well-marked low pressure area over east Uttar Pradesh on October 14. Hudhud brought extensive damage to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh.
In 1932, a cyclonic storm severely damaged the school building, resulting in the demolition of a wing constructed in 1886, and the repair and extension of the original core. The residence remained relatively unscathed, only suffering damage to the roof over the kitchen. The new school building remained in use until a major reconstruction of the school occurred in 1958. The Monkland State School continued to develop and expand, with a number of demountable buildings added to the site in the 1970s and 1980s.
Around this time, the cyclone rounded the western periphery of a large subtropical ridge over Thailand, and the storm turned northward between the ridge to the northeast and northwest. The IMD upgraded the system to a very severe cyclonic storm on April 27, estimating winds of 142 km/h (89 mph). By this time, the JTWC anticipated a future track toward the Ganges Delta region of eastern India and Bangladesh. On April 28, the flow of the southwesterlies caused the cyclone to accelerate to the north-northeast.
A ridge to the north caused the depression to move erratically and remain generally stationary. The IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression on January 14, the same day that the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 02B. On the next day, the IMD upgraded it further to Cyclonic Storm Hibaru, estimating winds of 65 km/h (40 mph), marking an unusual occasion for such a low-latitude storm in January. Drifting southward, the circulation gradually became exposed from the convection, indicative of the weakening.
A tropical depression developed in the South China Sea on September 12 and moved westward into central Vietnam on the next day. Continuing through Laos and Thailand, the system emerged into the northern Andaman Sea on September 15\. Tracked continuously as a depression by the Thai Meteorological Department, it was classified as a depression by the IMD on September 17 west of Myanmar. On the next day, the system intensified into a deep depression and later cyclonic storm, whereupon the IMD named it Pyarr.
Six hours later, the IMD likewise classified the system as a depression. After development, the depression steadily intensified while moving through the Bay of Bengal; rounding the ridge, it accelerated and turned more to the northwest. The IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression by 12:00 UTC on November 7, and further to a cyclonic storm by 00:00 UTC on the following day. The convection, or thunderstorms, organized into a comma-like structure, which further evolved into a central dense overcast.
The 2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below average season in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. This season produced only three named storms, of which one only intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December with the two peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
Under the influence of a persistent area of convection, a low-pressure area formed over the southeast Bay of Bengal on May 26. It rapidly strengthened on May 28, with the IMD classifying it as a Depression and subsequently upgrading it to a Deep Depression on the same day, designating it as BOB 02. In the early hours of May 29, the IMD reported the storm to have reached Cyclonic storm intensity, naming it Mora. The storm followed a north-northeasterly track parallel to Myanmar coast.
At that time, it was located 555 km (345 mi) south-southeast of Chittagong. Early on May 20, BOB 01 reached its peak intensity as a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) and a barometric pressure of 972 mbar (hPa). The JTWC assessed the storm to have peaked with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph), equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. An eye developed and the system made landfall several hours later near Chittagong.
This cyclone was the sixth cyclonic storm of the 1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, and also the season's strongest. The cyclone formed over the central Bay of Bengal on November 8, and traveled northward, intensifying as it did so. It reached its peak with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) on November 11, and made landfall on the coast of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) on the following afternoon. The storm surge devastated many of the offshore islands, wiping out villages and destroying crops throughout the region.
The outlier was Severe Cyclonic Storm Mukda in late September which remained virtually stationary its entire existence to the southwest of Gujarat. The combined effects of the eight other depressions along with the monsoon itself caused disastrous flooding throughout India. By early August, nearly 500,000 people were evacuated in Mumbai due to rising waters. The collective effects of the depressions alone resulted in at least 562 fatalities with hundreds more attributed to the monsoon rains. More than 1 million people across Odisha were left homeless from the storms.
On October 3, Imtiaz Ahmed Shaikh expressed his grief over the damage caused by Cyclonic Storm Onil and stated that he would be touring the affected region within the following days. At least 40 million Pakistani rupee ($469,000 USD) was allocated in relief funds by Sindh Minister Syed Papoo Shah. On October 4, port officials stated that it was safe for fishermen to resume their activities in the Arabian Sea. Later that day, a rain emergency was declared for Hyderabad and emergency shelters were set up in the city.
This made Linda the first tropical cyclone since Tropical Storm Forrest in 1992 to cross from the western Pacific Ocean into the Indian Ocean. Additionally, upon reaching the Indian Ocean, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the storm as Cyclonic Storm BOB 08, with winds of 40 mph (70 km/h). With warm waters, Tropical Storm Linda gradually re-intensified as it slowed down, due to a weakness in the subtropical ridge. On November 6, it again attained typhoon status while located off the southwest coast of Burma (Myanmar).
Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA and the IMD upgraded it to a deep depression, based on improving outflow and organization. On October 16, a nearby ship reported winds of 65 km/h (40 mph), and that day the JTWC began tracking the system as Tropical Cyclone 01B. Early the next day, the IMD followed suit and upgraded the deep depression to a cyclonic storm, estimating peak winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). However, the system persisted in an area of weak to moderate wind shear, preventing further development.
Cyclone Sagar shortly after landfall in Somalia on May 19 Along its rare trajectory through the Gulf of Aden, Cyclonic Storm Sagar affected Socotra and coastal Yemen, Somaliland (North-West Somalia), Djibouti, and Ethiopia. Strong winds from Sagar damaged houses on Yemen's mainland. Heavy rainfall along the coast caused isolated flooding, which damaged roads and electric infrastructure. Yemen's temporary capital Aden was hit by strong winds as tropical cyclone Sagar approached, prompting authorities to a call on residents to evacuate areas near the shore in the southern port city.
Operationally, the cyclone was considered to be a Category 4 equivalent storm by the JTWC, with peak winds of 215 km/h (130 mph). This would have made the system the first recorded storm of that intensity on record in the Arabian Sea. However, in post-storm analysis, it was discovered that 1-minute winds did not exceed 205 km/h (125 mph). The next storm to reach this intensity was Cyclone Gonu in 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, which became the first known super cyclonic storm in the region.
The cyclone developed a concentric eye feature, which is an eyewall outside the inner dominant eyewall, with warm waters aiding in further intensification. Early on 29 April, the JTWC estimated Nargis reached winds of 160 km/h (100 mph), and at the same time, the IMD classified the system as a very severe cyclonic storm. Initially, the cyclone was forecast to strike Bangladesh or southeastern India. Subsequently, the cyclone became disorganised and weakened due to subsidence and drier air; as a result, deep convection near the center markedly decreased.
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phet was a powerful tropical cyclone that made landfall on Oman, Western India, and Pakistan. The third named cyclone of the 2010 cyclone season, Phet developed in the Arabian Sea on May 31 to the west of India. With conducive environmental conditions, the storm intensified to reach peak sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) on June 2, based on analysis by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). On the next day, Phet dropped heavy rainfall while moving across eastern Oman, with a peak of in Qurayyat.
The IMD warned that thatched houses in the path of the cyclone were likely to be completely destroyed, and that kutcha houses could sustain significant damage. The IMD also indicated that a storm surge of 1.5–2.0 m was possible, and had the potential to inundate low-lying coastal areas. Tropical cyclones are relatively infrequent in northwestern India and the northern Arabian Sea. Gujarat had not experienced a hurricane-force tropical cyclone landfall since an unnamed system struck the region as an extremely severe cyclonic storm in June 1998, causing more than 10,000 fatalities.
A low pressure area formed on May 14 near Socotra in the western Arabian Sea. The weather system moved northwestward, steered by a ridge to the northeast and the flow of the regional geography. On May 16, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the low as a depression at 12:00 UTC about 200 km (125 mi) northeast of Cape Guardafui, Somalia. On the same day, the JTWC designated the depression as Tropical Cyclone 01A. The IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm on May 17, naming it Sagar.
Under the influence of an active southwest monsoon surge, a low pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea on June 9. It slowly organized, and was classified tropical storm 02A by the JTWC in the early hours of June 10. In the following hours, the IMD upgraded the storm to a depression and subsequently a deep depression, designating it "ARB 01". On June 11, the system was upgraded to Cyclonic Storm intensity and was named Nanauk by the IMD as it continued to intensify under favorable environmental conditions.
The 2014 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season included two very severe cyclonic storms, both in October, and one other named cyclonic storm, classified according to the tropical cyclone intensity scale of the India Meteorological Department. Cyclone Hudhud is estimated to have caused US$3.58 billion in damage across eastern India, and more than 120 deaths. The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula.
This flow also amplified the storm's outflow, and the cyclone intensified further. By 12:00 UTC on April 28, or about 31 hours before landfall, the JTWC was correctly forecasting a landfall in southeastern Bangladesh. Early on April 29, the IMD upgraded the system to a super cyclonic storm – the highest category – and estimated peak winds of 235 km/h (145 mph). The JTWC estimated peak winds of 160 mph (260 km/h), the equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale or a super typhoon.
Following further development, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) as they anticipated the system to develop into a tropical storm. Early the next morning the JTWC reported that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm and designated it as Cyclone 01B. The storm tracked towards the west-northwest due to a mid-level ridge over India. Later that morning RSMC New Delhi reported that the depression had intensified into a deep depression and reported it was expected to intensify into Cyclonic Storm Bijli.
The agency estimated a minimum central pressure of . alt=Chapala approaching Yemen on 2 November At the time of peak intensity, Chapala was moving to the west-southwest due to a ridge to the north. Initially, the IMD forecast that Chapala would intensify further into a super cyclonic storm, and the JTWC anticipated t strengthening into a Category 5-equivalent. Instead, the storm began an eyewall replacement cycle on 30 October, causing the inner eyewall to degrade and an outer eyewall to form; this resulted in a slight drop in intensity.
Early on October 26 the IMD upgraded the depression to a deep depression, with wind speeds of 30 knots (35 mph, 55 km/h). At the same time the JTWC designated the depression as Cyclone 04B. Later that day the IMD reported that the Deep Depression had intensified into a Cyclonic Storm with it being named as Rashmi. During that evening the IMD reported that Rashmi had reached its peak 3 minute wind speeds of 40 knots, whilst the JTWC also reported that Rashmi had reached its peak 1 minute wind speeds of 45 knots.
At low latitudes the Hadley circulation dominates, and is essentially the same as the process which on Earth generates the trade winds. At higher latitudes a series of high and low pressure areas, called baroclinic pressure waves, dominate the weather. Mars is drier and colder than Earth, and in consequence dust raised by these winds tends to remain in the atmosphere longer than on Earth as there is no precipitation to wash it out (excepting CO2 snowfall). One such cyclonic storm was recently captured by the Hubble Space Telescope (pictured below).
On 19 May, the IMD reported that the storm had reached cyclonic storm intensity, naming it Roanu. The cyclone drifted in a northeastward track, and continued to intensify until persistent wind shear and its proximity to land eventually caused the storm to start weakening, on the same day. However, the wind shear soon decreased, and Roanu reintensified as deep convection became established over and around the low-level circulation center (LLCC). Moving generally east-northeastwards, the storm made landfall just northwest of Chittagong, Bangladesh on 21 May, upon which it rapidly weakened.
Under the influence of an ongoing onset of a southwest monsoon, a low pressure area formed on June 6. It slowly consolidated, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical cyclone formation alert (TCFA) on June 6. The following day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued its first advisory for the system, designating it ARB 01. Later the same day, the JTWC reported the storm had reached tropical cyclone intensity, and on June 8, the IMD upgraded the storm to a cyclonic storm, assigning it the name Ashobaa.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), however, estimated the system to have been considerably weaker and only upgraded it to a cyclonic storm with 65 km/h (40 mph) was as it made landfall in Rakhine State on May 19. Once onshore, the storm accelerated and weakened, being last noted early on May 20 as a dissipating system near the Myanmar–China border. Striking Myanmar on May 19, the storm caused considerable damage in coastal areas of Rakhine State. The hardest hit areas were Taungup, Thandwe, Manaung, Kyaukpyu, and Ramree.
After clearing Sri Lanka, the storm intensified further into a severe cyclonic storm, attaining peak three-minute winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a pressure of 988 mb (hPa; 29.18 inHg). After weakening to a tropical depression over India, it restrengthened to a 65 mph storm before making landfall on western India on the 17th. Torrential rains produced by the storm caused extensive damage in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu with at least 263 people losing their lives. Tamil Nadu was the hardest hit with 188 people were killed there.
Moderate wind shear allowed the system to strengthen further, and the IMD classified it as Cyclonic Storm Fanoos early on December 7\. Later that day, the agency estimated peak 3 minute winds of 85 km/h (50 mph). Two days later, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) as the storm bypassed northern Sri Lanka. Wind shear and proximity to land weakened Fanoos into a deep depression on December 10, and shortly after it made landfall on eastern Tamil Nadu near Vedaranyam.
During 2015 a modification to the intensity scale took place, with the IMD and WMO calling a system with 3-minute maximum sustained wind speeds between and an extremely severe cyclonic storm. Water temperatures in the Arabian Sea are typically warm enough to allow for tropical cyclogenesis year round, although strong wind shear from the monsoon trough prevents formation in the summer months and limits intensity other times of the year. An increase in air pollution since the 1930s caused a decrease in the wind shear, allowing storms to have become stronger since 1979.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Aila (JTWC designation: 02B) was the second named tropical cyclone of the 2009 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Warned by both the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RMSC) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), Aila formed over a disturbance over the Bay of Bengal on May 23, 2009 and started to intensify and organize reaching sustained wind speeds of 110 kmh (70 mph). It was the worst natural disaster to affect Bangladesh since Cyclone Sidr in November 2007. A relatively strong tropical cyclone, it caused extensive damage in India and Bangladesh.
On November 6, the IMD upgraded a low pressure area into a Depression, designating it ARB 03. The system was forecasted to intensify into a deep depression and move towards the Gulf of Aden in the next 72 hours. On the same day a TCFA was issued by the JTWC. The IMD upgraded the storm into a deep depression on November 8, and forecasted that it would intensify into a cyclonic storm within the next 24 hours which was followed by an upgrade to a tropical storm by JTWC.
Around the same time, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 155 km/h (100 mph), based in part on the 26 km (16 mi) eye in the center of the convection. As Hikaa was nearing land, the eye deteriorated, and the JTWC assessed that the storm weakened. The IMD meanwhile assessed that the cyclone maintained its peak intensity. Around 14:00 UTC on September 24, Hikaa made landfall in eastern Oman just north of Duqm, becoming the first very severe cyclonic storm on record to strike the country in September.
On April 13, an area of low pressure formed in the South Bay of Bengal, under the influence of a persistent area of convection, in a span of six hours. Under favorable conditions, rapid deepening took place, and the system was classified as a depression on April 15. Later on the same day, it further intensified into a Deep Depression, and then into Cyclonic Storm Maarutha. The system moved very fast under the influence of mid-latitude trough in westerlies lying over India in the middle and upper tropospheric levels.
On 19 May, the IMD reported that the storm had reached cyclonic storm intensity, and assigned it the name Roanu. At the time, Roanu was tracking slowly northward along the northern periphery of a subtropical ridge located over the Malay Peninsula. Despite favorable outflow and warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) reaching , its proximity to land and moderate vertical wind shear kept the storm from intensifying rapidly. The diurnal temperature variation over land and the persistent wind shear began to affect the deep convection obscuring the low- level circulation center (LLCC).
The storm originated from the monsoon trough on November 7 in the Bay of Bengal, east of India. Moving northwestward, the system gradually intensified while moving toward land, eventually developing an eye in the middle of the convection. Reaching peak 3 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), the IMD classified the system as a very severe cyclonic storm, in line with the 130 km/h (80 mph) wind estimate from the JTWC. On November 9, the cyclone made landfall near the border of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa.
Towards the end of April 2008, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone over the Indian Ocean became very active, with a tropical disturbance developing under its influence during 25 April. Over the next couple of days, the disturbance gradually developed further within an area of low vertical wind shear, before it was classified as a depression by the India Meteorological Department early on 27 April. Initially, the depression moved westward and was classified as a deep depression by the IMD, before the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated advisories and classified the storm as Tropical Cyclone 01B later that day. The system subsequently started to move north-westwards under the steering influence of an anticyclone and an upper level ridge of high pressure. At 0000 UTC, 5:30 AM Indian Standard Time, on 28 April, the IMD upgraded the system to Cyclonic Storm Nargis, while it was located about 550 km (340 mi) east of Chennai, India. On 28 April, Nargis became nearly stationary, while situated between high- pressure ridges to its northwest and southeast. That same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to cyclone status, the equivalent of a minimal Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale. Around the same time, the IMD upgraded Nargis to a severe cyclonic storm.
Map plotting the track of the storm The remnants of Tropical Storm Nora from the West Pacific, which had lasted for two days in the South China Sea, moved west over the Malay Peninsula on November 5. The remnants of this system contributed to the development of a new depression in the central Bay of Bengal on the morning of November 8. The depression intensified as it moved slowly northward, and the India Meteorological Department upgraded it to a cyclonic storm the next day. No country in the region had ever named tropical cyclones during this time, so no new identity was given.
The WMO/ESCAP Panel agreed in May 2004 that in September, tropical cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean attaining gale-force winds would be given names. Later on October 1, the JTWC issued their first advisory on the storm, classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 03A. Tracking towards the northeast, Onil intensified as convection consolidated around the center of circulation. Roughly 24 hours after being named, the system attained its peak intensity as a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a barometric pressure of 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg) according to the IMD with.
On October 26, a trough formed over the south Andaman Sea and extended into the southern Bay of Bengal. By October 28, the system consolidated into a depression as it moved northwestward. Steadily intensifying, several ships encountered the storms increasing winds as it moved northward in the Bay. On October 30, it attained gale-force winds and further became a severe cyclonic storm early the next morning. During the evening of October 31, the IST Barisal recorded winds of 130 km/h (80 mph), indicating that the system had acquired a core of hurricane-force winds.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Sidr (JTWC designation: 06B) was a tropical cyclone that resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in Bangladesh. The fourth named storm of the 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Sidr formed in the central Bay of Bengal, and quickly strengthened to reach peak 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph), making it a Category-5 equivalent tropical cyclone on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. The storm eventually made landfall in Bangladesh on November 15, 2007, causing large-scale evacuations. At least 3,447 deaths have been blamed on the storm, with some estimates reaching 15,000.
Cyclonic Storm Aila on May 24, 2009 (image by NASA) Cyclone Aila struck Sunderban on 25 May 2009, causing damage to field camps and fringe villages bordering the reserve. Breaches in the embankments on the village side have caused large scale flooding, leaving lakhs of people marooned in the area. The field camps were under 12 to 15 feet of water for around seven hours, resulting in soil erosion and damage to staff quarters, generators and bamboo pilling. There was a report of a tiger wandering inside an abandoned cattle shed in a village, which was captured and released back in the wild.
The 2000 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was fairly quiet compared to its predecessor, with all of the activity originating in the Bay of Bengal. The basin comprises the Indian Ocean north of the equator, with warnings issued by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in New Delhi. There were six depressions throughout the year, of which five intensified into cyclonic storms - tropical cyclones with winds of 65 mph (40 km/h) sustained over 3 minutes. Two of the storms strengthened into a very severe cyclonic storm, which has winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph), equivalent to a minimal hurricane.
Hurricane Isabel (2003) as seen from orbit during Expedition 7 of the International Space Station. The eye, eyewall, and surrounding rainbands, characteristics of tropical cyclones in the narrow sense, are clearly visible in this view from space. A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls. Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names, including hurricane (), typhoon (), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, and simply cyclone.
There was uncertainty in predictive storm models around this time whether Mekunu would continue to the northwest, or turn to the northeast, although the storm would continue its northwest trajectory for the remainder of its duration. On May 24, Mekunu weakened slightly due to a bout of easterly wind shear, causing the eye to become ragged. However, the storm re-intensified, and the thunderstorms organized into a compact area near the center around the eye. The IMD upgraded Mekunu to an extremely severe cyclonic storm on May 25, estimating peak 3-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph).
Originating from an area of low pressure over the southern Bay of Bengal in early May 2013, Viyaru slowly consolidated into a depression on May 10. The depression gained forward momentum and attained gale-force winds on May 11 and was designated as Cyclonic Storm Viyaru, the first named storm of the season. Operationally, the system was referred to as Mahasen; however, this was altered in 2014 with the final report and all archived advisories changed to show Viyaru. Owing to adverse atmospheric conditions, the depression struggled to maintain organized convection as it moved closer to eastern India.
The November 2006 nor'easter was a powerful extratropical cyclone that formed offshore of the Southeastern United States on November 20, bringing heavy rains, high winds, beach erosion, and coastal flooding to the Carolinas and southern New England. In addition, the earliest snowfall ever noted in both Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia occurred on the southwest side of this cyclone. Over 10,000 were without power during the storm. No longer a nor'easter, the extratropical cyclone accelerated rapidly across the North Atlantic while rapidly strengthening, becoming a cyclonic storm again by November 25, but this time with hurricane-force sustained winds.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Mora was a moderate but deadly tropical cyclone that caused widespread devastation and severe flooding in Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Northeast India in May 2017. The second named storm of the 2017 annual cyclone season, Mora developed from an area of low pressure over the southeastern Bay of Bengal on May 28. Mora reached peak strength with maximum sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph). The cyclone made landfall near Chittagong on the morning of May 30 and steadily weakened, dissipating early in the morning on May 31.
The circulation became better defined as outflow increased, amplified by an anticyclone over the system. Based on the organization, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the low as a depression at 00:00 UTC on November 5\. About six hours later, the IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression, and at 12:00 UTC that day the agency upgraded it to a cyclonic storm, naming it Megh. Earlier that day, the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated advisories on the storm as Tropical Cyclone 05A while the storm was about 1,120 km (700 mi) east of Socotra island offshore Yemen.
In early June, a strong pulse of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) tracked eastwards into the tropical Indian Ocean, leading to increased cloudiness and rainfall across the region. On June 9, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) noted the development of a low-pressure area over the southeastern Arabian Sea, to the north of the Maldives. Early on June 10, a depression formed in the Arabian Sea, just northwest of the Maldives, and the IMD gave the storm the identifier ARB 01. As the system moved northward, it gradually strengthened, becoming a deep depression, before intensifying further into Cyclonic Storm Vayu later that day.
On June 14, Vayu began to weaken, as it tracked slowly westward, away from the Gujarat coastline due to strong wind shear. On June 16, an approaching mid-latitude trough weakened the areas of high pressure centered to the west and northeast, which recurved Vayu sharply to the northeast. Upon weakening further to a cyclonic storm, strong low-level southwesterly flow caused the system to accelerate northeastwards through the break in the blocking high-pressure ridge, back towards the Gujarat coast. At 03:00 UTC on 17 June, Vayu weakened into a deep depression, before weakening further to a depression six hours later.
During September 23, after Rajasthan had remained mainly dry since September 17, the IMD declared that the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon had commenced. Over the next couple of weeks the monsoon gradually withdrew from the Arabian Sea, north-western and central parts of India, before Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud formed on October 7. After Hudhud had moved northwards and weakened into an area of low pressure, the southwest monsoon withdrew from the rest of India, Sri Lanka and the North Indian Ocean by October 18. During October 18, northeast monsoon rains over Tamil Nadu and neighbouring peninsular India commenced.
The depression was declared a deep depression early on October 26, whilst the Joint Typhoon Warning Center designated the depression as Cyclone 04B later that day with wind speeds equivalent to a tropical storm. Later that day, the IMD upgraded the deep depression into a cyclonic storm and named it as Rashmi. Rashmi then reached both its peak one- and three-minute sustained wind speeds, as it made landfall on the Bangladesh coast late on October 26. Early the next day the JTWC issued its final advisory on Rashmi as the IMD downgraded Rashmi to a deep depression.
The 1993 Storm of the Century (also known as the 93 Superstorm, The No Name Storm, or the Great Blizzard of '93/1993) was a large cyclonic storm that formed over the Gulf of Mexico on March 12, 1993. The storm was unique and notable for its intensity, massive size, and wide-reaching effects; at its height, the storm stretched from Canada to Honduras. The cyclone moved through the Gulf of Mexico and then through the eastern United States before moving on to eastern Canada. The storm eventually dissipated in the North Atlantic Ocean on March 15.
On 31 May, an area of low pressure developed over the Eastern Arabian Sea and remained as a well marked low pressure area over the same region till the evening. It strengthened into a depression over east-central and south-east Arabian Sea in the early morning the of 1 June when it was centred about 340 km south-west of Goa, 630 km south-southwest of Mumbai and 850 km south-southwest of Gujarat. alt=Infrared satellite animation of Nisarga intensifying.Around noon on 2 June, the deep depression intensified into a cyclonic storm and thereby receiving the name Nisarga.
The system moved fast under the influence of mid-latitude trough in westerlies lying over India in the middle and upper tropospheric levels and the anti-cyclonic cyclonic circulation lying to the northeast of the system. Shortly before landfall, the storm reached its peak intensity as a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 110 km/h and a minimum central pressure off . The JTWC analyzed it having reached Category 1 hurricane strength on the same day, with winds of 120 km/h. At peak intensity, the storm made landfall on the southern coast of Bangladesh near Chittagong at 6:00 a.m. IST.
On December 14, the IMD reported that a depression had developed within the Intertropical Convergence Zone over the southern Bay of Bengal. Over the next day the system moved north-westwards and gradually developed into a cyclonic storm, as the JTWC initiated advisories on the depression and assigned it the designation Tropical Cyclone 04B. The system subsequently continued to intensify, as it recurved and moved through a break in the subtropical ridge of high pressure. Late on December 16, the JTWC reported that the cyclone had peaked as a tropical storm, with 1-minute wind speeds of 85 km/h (50 mph).
The 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season officially ran throughout the year during 2008, with the first depression forming on April 27. The timeline includes information that was not operationally released, meaning that information from post-storm reviews by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the India Meteorological Department (IMD), such as information on a storm that was not operationally warned on. This timeline documents all the storm formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, as well as dissipation's during the 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. During the year, 10 tropical depressions, 4 Cyclonic storms and 1 Severe Cyclonic storm formed.
As the storm neared the Indian coastline, an eye developed and the storm strengthened into the equivalent of a major hurricane with winds reaching 185 km/h (115 mph). The IMD assessed the storm to be a very severe cyclonic storm at this time, with winds up to 165 km/h (105 mph) and a barometric pressure of 958 mbar (hPa). After slightly weakening early on June 9, 03A re-strengthened, attaining its peak intensity with winds of 195 km/h (120 mph). Then it made landfall near Porbandar in the Indian state of Gujarat between 0100 and 0200 UTC.
In September 1936, returning from the mission to Greenland to deliver scientific material to Victor's mission (which had just traversed the ice sheets in 50 days) and after carrying out a survey mission, Pourquoi-Pas ? IV stopped at Reykjavík to re-provision with fuel on 13 September. They set out for Saint- Malo two days later, on 15 September, but on 16 September the ship was caught in a violent cyclonic storm and lost on the reefs of Álftanes at Mýrar. 23 of the crew were lost in the wreck and 17 survivors died before rescue came, leaving only one survivor, Eugène Gonidec, master steersman.
At the time, the agency anticipated significant strengthening of the cyclone, forecasting it to attain winds in excess of 155 km/h (100 mph). The India Meteorological Department (IMD) followed suit hours later, designating the system as Depression BOB 01 and soon upgrading it to a deep depression. Viyaru (top) as a depression off the coast of Sumatra, along with Moderate Tropical Storm Jamala to its south, on May 10 Situated to the south of a subtropical ridge, the storm tracked west-northwestward to northwestward. Early on May 11, the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm and assigned it the name Mahasen.
Turning more to the north, the depression intensified into a deep depression and later cyclonic storm on October 27, reaching peak winds of 65 km/h (40 mph); the JTWC also classified it as Tropical Cyclone 02B. That day, the wind shear increased, although the convection was able to increase over the center and organize into a comma- shaped rainband. Early on October 28, the storm made landfall in southern Bangladesh near Mongla, by which time the wind shear had displaced much of the convection to the northeast. It rapidly weakened over land, degenerating into a remnant low over northern Bangladesh early on October 29.
As the nearby ridge translated eastward, the depression was able to move more steadily to the east and later to the northeast, passing northwest of the Andaman Islands on May 18. On the next day, the deep depression re-intensified into a cyclonic storm, reaching a secondary peak with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph). At about 10:00 UTC on May 19, the storm made landfall close to Kyaukpyu, Ramree Island, in western Myanmar. The storm rapidly weakened into a depression and later degenerated into a low pressure area on May 20, and was no longer discernible on satellite imagery by the next day.
Ancient Polynesians and others who inhabited the tropical Pacific before the Europeans arrived, knew of and feared the hurricanes of the South Pacific. They were keen and accurate observers of nature and developed various myths and legends, which reflected their knowledge of these systems. For example, the people of Mangaia in the Cook Islands had over 30 different names for the wind direction including Maoaketa, which indicated that a cyclonic storm existed to the west of the island. During the 1700s, Captain James Cook conducted three voyages within the Pacific Ocean and it is thought that he didn't collect any information about or experience any tropical cyclones.
Cyclonic Storm Phyan developed as a tropical disturbance to the southwest of Colombo in Sri Lanka on November 4, 2009. Over the next couple of days, the disturbance gradually developed before weakening as it made landfall on Southern India on November 7. After the disturbance emerged into the Arabian Sea, it rapidly became more of a concern to the India Meteorological Department (IMD) reporting early on November 9 that the disturbance had intensified into a Depression, and designated it as Depression ARB 03 whilst the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Later that day, the JTWC designated the system as Cyclone 04A.
Each year before the onset of monsoon that is 15 April to 15 July and also after its withdrawal that is 15 September to 15 December, there is always a distinct possibility of the cyclonic storm to develop in the north Arabian Sea. Cyclones form in the Arabian sea often results in strong winds and heavy rainfall in Pakistan's coastal areas. However tornadoes mostly occur during spring season that is March and April usually when a Western Disturbance starts effecting the northern parts of the country. It is also speculated that cycles of tornado years may be correlated to the periods of reduced tropical cyclone activity.
A European windstorm is a severe cyclonic storm that moves across the North Atlantic towards northwestern Europe in the winter months. These storms usually move over the north coast of the United Kingdom, towards Norway but can veer south to affect other countries including Ireland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Poland. As these storms can generate hurricane-force winds (and sometimes even winds at the strength of major hurricanes), they are sometimes referred to as hurricanes, even though few originate as tropical cyclones. These storms rank as the second highest cause of global natural catastrophe insurance loss (after US hurricanes).
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Lehar (Hindi: लहर meaning "wave") was a tropical cyclone that primarily affected the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Lehar was the second most intense tropical cyclone of the 2013 season, surpassed by Cyclone Phailin, as well as one of the two relatively strong cyclones that affected Southern India in November 2013, the other being Cyclone Helen. The origins of Lehar can be tracked back to an area of low pressure that formed in the South China Sea on 18 November. The system slowly drifted westwards and entered the Bay of Bengal, where it quickly consolidated into a depression on 23 November.
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center classified the disturbance as a tropical cyclone when the storm continued to intensify. The storm's motion was influenced primarily by a nearby subtropical ridge, forcing the system to take a north-northeasterly track. Cyclone Mora intensifying over the Bay of Bengal on May 29 Cloud tops over southeastern Bangladesh exceeded 15.3 km (9.5 miles), and over the Bay of Bengal cloud tops reached almost 16 km (9.9 miles). Shortly before landfall, the storm reached its peak intensity as a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 978 hPa (mbar).
Vayu weakened to Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone status at 12:00 UTC, as the loose central convection expanded to leave a ragged eye 55 km (35 mi) in diameter. Vayu's slow westward track through the weak competing steering environment over the northern Arabian Sea brought the system into an environment of high easterly vertical wind shear. The majority of deep convection to become confined to the cyclone's southern quadrants, causing the system to weaken to a severe cyclonic storm at 00:00 UTC on 16 June. An approaching mid-latitude trough weakened the areas of high pressure centred to the west and northeast, Vayu recurved sharply to the northeast.
As Vayu was initially forecast to make landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm, the potential for major impacts prompted significant preparation measures in the state. Beginning on the morning of 12 June, the Indian government evacuated approximately 300,000 people living in coastal regions of Gujarat to 2000 shelter homes, as well as 10,000 people from the nearby island of Diu. All schools and colleges in the area were also closed to safeguard students and staff. All flights at airports in Porbandar, Diu, Bhavnagar, Keshod and Kandla were grounded from midnight local time on 13 June, and 77 train services cancelled and 38 others shortened.
Early on November 9, the center of Megh passed 57 km (36 mi) north of Cape Guardafui, and further land interaction with Somalia to the south increasingly degraded the storm's structure. At 00:00 UTC that day, Megh weakened into a very severe cyclonic storm. After passing just north of Somalia, Megh progressed westward into the Gulf of Aden, the waterway between Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula. This marked the first time on record when two storms entered the body of water in the same year. By 12:00 UTC on November 9, the center was beginning to become exposed from the convection due to the unfavorable conditions.
During May 31, an area of low pressure developed over the south-eastern Arabian Sea and remained as a well marked low pressure area over the same region until the evening. It strengthened into a depression over the east-central and south-east Arabian Sea in the early morning of June 1 when it was centered about 340 km south- west of Goa, 630 km south-southwest of Mumbai and 850 km south-southwest of Gujarat. It gave nearly 400 mm of extremely heavy rain at Kavaratti, Lakshadweep. On June 2, around noon, the prevailing deep depression intensified into a cyclonic storm thereby receiving the name Nisarga.
On September 19, a depression formed over the east central Bay of Bengal, receiving the designation BOB 07. Soon afterward, the JTWC has issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). Early on September 20, the storm intensified into a deep depression over the west central Bay of Bengal. The system intensified further, becoming Cyclonic Storm Daye later that day, while situated over the northwestern Bay of Bengal. Early on September 21, Daye made landfall on south Odisha, also impacting the adjoining north Andhra Pradesh coast near Gopalpur, during the morning, local time, resulting in heavy rains and strong winds of 65 to 75 km/h in various districts in the regions.
The 2016–17 North American winter refers to winter in North America as it occurred across the continent from late 2016 through early 2017. During the winter, a weak La Niña was expected to influence weather conditions across the continent. Several notable events occurred during the season, including a potent winter storm that affected the East Coast of the United States in early January, the second-largest winter tornado outbreak on record later that month, and an unusually warm February. In addition, towards the end of the season, a large cyclonic storm system that caused a large tornado outbreak, flooding, and a potent blizzard in the heart of the country.
It tracked westward along the southwestern periphery of a mid-level ridge over southern India. Convection continued to organize, and early on June 2, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified the storm as Tropical Cyclone 02A, about 685 km (425 mi) southwest of Mumbai. Upon first forming, the system contended with the entrainment of dry air to the northwest of the storm, which was expected to limit intensification. The storm steadily intensified, and early on June 2 the IMD upgraded it to deep depression status. Later in the day the IMD classified the system as Cyclonic Storm Gonu about 760 km (470 mi) southwest of Mumbai, India.
While Chapala encountered less favorable conditions after leaving Socotra, it maintained much of its intensity; upon entering the Gulf of Aden on 2 November, it became the strongest known cyclone in that body of water. Chapala brushed the northern coast of Somalia, killing tens of thousands of animals and wrecking 350 houses. Ahead of the cyclone's final landfall, widespread evacuations occurred across southeastern Yemen, including in areas controlled by al-Qaeda, amid the country's ongoing civil war. Early on 3 November, the storm made landfall near Mukalla, Yemen, as a very severe cyclonic storm and the strongest storm on record to strike the nation.
Cyclone Agni at its closest approach to the equator After reaching peak intensity, an increase in wind shear caused the eye to disappear, and the convection decreased significantly. On December 1, the IMD estimated Agni weakened to cyclonic storm status, around which time the center became exposed from the convection. The cyclone continued its steady weakening continued due to the wind shear, the presence of dry air, and cooler water temperatures, and by December 2, the IMD downgraded Agni to depression status, which was its final warning on the system. As it approached the coast of Somalia, it turned westward due to the building of a ridge over Saudi Arabia.
Three hours later the India Meteorological Department reported that the depression had intensified into a Deep Depression whilst remaining stationary. Later that day the JTWC upgraded the Deep Depression to Tropical Cyclone 06B and reported that the depression had wind speeds equivalent to a tropical storm, on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Early on November 26, the India Meteorological Department upgraded the deep depression to a Cyclonic Storm and named it Nisha. Later that day as Nisha moved northwest towards India, both the JTWC and the IMD reported that Nisha had reached its peak wind speeds of 55 kts (63 mph 102 km/h ) 45 knots (52 mph 83 km/h ).
Gonu left US$4 billion in damage and killed 50 people, making it the worst natural disaster on record in Oman. In 2010, a slightly weaker cyclone named Phet caused US$780 million in damage and 24 deaths while crossing eastern Oman. Cyclonic Storm Keila in the subsequent year killed 19 people while looping near Oman's southern coastline, and left US$80 million in damage. In 1890, a storm killed 757 people when it flooded much of Oman's capital. A storm in 1959 caused a shipwreck near southern Oman, resulting in the loss of all 141 crewmembers. Another storm-related shipwreck killed 18 people in December 1998.
A depression formed in the Bay of Bengal on April 29\. It quickly organized over the next few days, as the storm moved around a ridge to its northeast. On May 1, the IMD upgraded the storm to a very severe cyclonic storm, by which time a well-defined eye was centered in the deepest convection, or thunderstorms. A day later, the cyclone reached peak winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), according to the IMD, and 230 km/h (145 mph) according to the JTWC. At around 17:00 UTC on May 2, the cyclone made landfall in southeastern Bangladesh about 30 km (18 mi) north of Teknaf Upazila.
Under the weight of snow, a tree falls next to a car in Asheville, North Carolina The Storm of the Century, also known as the Great Blizzard of 1993, was a large cyclonic storm that formed over the Gulf of Mexico on March 12, 1993, and dissipated in the North Atlantic Ocean on March 15. It is unique for its intensity, massive size and wide-reaching effect. At its height, the storm stretched from Canada towards Central America, but its main impact was on the United States and Cuba. The cyclone moved through the Gulf of Mexico, and then through the Eastern United States before moving into Canada.
Early on October 12, the system started to weaken as it underwent a second eyewall replacement cycle, before Phailin's eye started to rapidly deteriorate as it moved towards the Indian coast. The system subsequently made landfall later that day near Gopalpur in Odisha, at around 22:30 IST (17:00 UTC), near peak intensity. After the system made landfall, the JTWC issued their final advisory on Phailin; on the next day, the IMD reported that the system had weakened into a cyclonic storm. On October 14, Phailin weakened into a well-marked low- pressure area, and the IMD issued their final advisory on the storm.
The storm turned to the north and northeast around a ridge, accelerating toward land. At 06:00 UTC on November 24, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 195 km/h (120 mph). Shortly thereafter, the IMD estimated peak 3 minute winds of 190 km/h (115 mph), making the system an extremely severe cyclonic storm. By that time, the system had a well-defined eye in the center of deep convection. Due to increasing wind shear, the storm weakened and made landfall over southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 120 km/h (75 mph), south of Cox's Bazaar around 09:00 UTC on November 25\.
Ancient Polynesians and others who inhabited the tropical Pacific before the Europeans arrived, knew of and feared the hurricanes of the South Pacific. They were keen and accurate observers of nature and developed various myths and legends, which reflected their knowledge of these systems. For example, the people of Mangaia in the Cook Islands had over 30 different names for the wind direction including Maoaketa, which indicated that a cyclonic storm existed to the west of the island. During the 1700s, Captain James Cook conducted three voyages within the Pacific Ocean and it is thought that he didn't collect any information about or experience any tropical cyclones.
The storm became nearly stationary that evening near 14.5° N, 87° E, but began to accelerate toward the north on November 10. The storm further intensified into a severe cyclonic storm on November 11 and began to turn towards the northeast, as it approached the head of the bay. It developed a clear eye, and reached its peak intensity later that day, with 3-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph), 1-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), and a central pressure of 960 hPa. The cyclone made landfall on the East Pakistan coastline during the evening of November 12, around the same time as the local high tide.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Onil (India Meteorological Department designation: ARB 03; Joint Typhoon Warning Center designation: 03A) was the first tropical cyclone to be named in the northern Indian Ocean. Forming out of an area of convection several hundred kilometres southwest of India on October 1 2004, Cyclone Onil quickly attained its peak intensity on October 2 with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a barometric pressure of 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg). However, dry air quickly entered the system, causing it to rapidly weaken to a depression just off the coast of Gujarat, India. Over the following several days, the system took a slow, erratic track towards the south-southeast.
Severe Tropical Storm Linda, also known as Typhoon Linda, Cyclonic Storm BOB 08, or in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Openg, was the worst typhoon in southern Vietnam in at least 100 years, killing thousands of people and leaving extensive damage. It formed on October 31, 1997 in the South China Sea, between Indochina and the Philippines. Strengthening as it moved westward, Linda struck extreme southern Vietnam on November 2 with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h), dropping heavy rainfall. Once in the Gulf of Thailand it strengthened further to minimal typhoon status, but weakened to tropical storm strength before crossing the Malay Peninsula into the Bay of Bengal, the first storm to do so in five years.
Based on their estimate, Gonu was tied with the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone for the strongest tropical cyclone in the entire northern Indian Ocean (based on windspeed), and had the highest windspeed of any cyclone in this basin. On June 6, Gonu made landfall in extreme eastern Oman with winds of 150 km/h (90 mph), making it the strongest tropical cyclone on record to strike the Arabian Peninsula. With a damage total of $4.2 billion (2007 USD) and 50 deaths, Gonu became the worst natural disaster on record in Oman. Additionally, the storm was only the second cyclonic storm on record to strike Iran, with the other one doing so on June 4, 1898.
Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone that became the strongest cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea. The second named tropical cyclone of the 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Gonu developed from a persistent area of convection in the eastern Arabian Sea on June 1, 2007. With a favorable upper-level environment and warm sea surface temperatures, it rapidly intensified to attain peak winds of 240 km/h (150 mph) on June 4, according to the India Meteorological Department. Gonu weakened after encountering dry air and cooler waters, and early on June 6, it made landfall on the easternmost tip of Oman, becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to hit the Arabian Peninsula.
The term "cyclone" refers to such storms' cyclonic nature, with counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise rotation in the Southern Hemisphere. Depending on their location and strength, tropical cyclones are referred to by other names, such as hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, or simply as a cyclone. Generally speaking, a tropical cyclone is referred to as a hurricane (from the name of the ancient Central American deity of wind, Huracan) in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans, a typhoon across the northwest Pacific ocean, and a cyclone across in the southern hemisphere and Indian ocean. Tropical cyclones can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential rain, as well as high waves and damaging storm surge.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Agni was a tropical cyclone of the 2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season notable for its record proximity to the equator. It was the second North Indian Ocean cyclone to receive a name, after Onil earlier in the year. Agni formed on November 28 well to the southwest of India in the Arabian Sea, and steadily intensified as it tracked northwestward. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated peak 1 minute sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), while the India Meteorological Department (IMD) estimated peak 3 minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph); the IMD is the official warning center for the north Indian Ocean.
By this time the system was located about to the northeast of Madras and was moving northwards slowly. Later that day as the ship Visvamohini moved through the systems eye region, it measured a central pressure of , which the IMD reported would be one of the lowest central pressures ever measured in the Bay of Bengal if it was correct. The system subsequently started to weaken and had become a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm by the time it made landfall during 9 May, near the mouth of the Krishna River in southern Andhra Pradesh. The system subsequently moved north-westwards and gradually weakened further, before it was last noted during 11 May, by both the IMD and JTWC.
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission estimate of precipitation from Keila over Oman There was confusion in the country over Keila's intensity; the IMD classified it as a cyclonic storm, while officials in Oman designated it as a deep depression, based on available observations. Officials warned residents of the potential for heavy rainfall. The Pakistani government also warned fishermen not to venture to the open seas, due to the uncertain effects of the storm. While Keila was offshore and still in its developmental stages, it brought winds of 41 km/h (25 mph) to Salalah International Airport, and at the time of landfall, the station reported slightly stronger winds of 43 km/h (26 mph).
The Andhra Pradesh cyclone of May caused considerable damage to properties and was responsible for 967 deaths. However, the cyclone warnings issued by the IMD were greatly appreciated by the Public and Government, as they helped to restrict the death to under 1000 people and prompted the state governments to evacuate a large population from coastal areas. The other cyclonic storm of the year caused some damage to properties and deaths in Bangladesh and Myanmar, while the ten depressions all brought rain to the region with two causing over 200 deaths each. During the year a strong south-west monsoon was observed, which produced heavy rain and lead to flooding in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Natural calamities, such as floods, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and tidal bores—destructive waves or floods caused by flood tides rushing up estuaries—ravage the country, particularly the coastal belt, almost every year. Between 1947 and 1988, 13 severe cyclones hit Bangladesh, causing enormous loss of life and property. In May 1985, for example, a severe cyclonic storm packing winds and waves high swept into southeastern and southern Bangladesh, killing more than 11,000 persons, damaging more than 94,000 houses, killing some 135,000 head of livestock, and damaging nearly of critically needed embankments. Flooding after the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Annual monsoon flooding results in the loss of human life, damage to property and communication systems, and a shortage of drinking water, which leads to the spread of disease.
Severe Cyclonic Storm Onil was first identified as an area of convection early on September 30, 2004 situated roughly 465 km (290 mi) southwest of Mumbai, India. Satellite imagery depicted a poorly organized system with deep convection partially surrounding a low-level circulation. Situated over warm water and within an area of moderate wind shear, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assessed the system's chances of developing into a tropical cyclone as "fair". Within several hours of being identified, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) began monitoring the system as Depression ARB 03. Despite a decrease in convection later on September 30, the IMD upgraded the cyclone to a deep depression, stating that three-minute sustained winds had reached 55 km/h (35 mph).
The first storm of the season originated from a tropical disturbance that formed east of Somalia on May 18\. Over the following few days, the system gradually organized, becoming a depression on May 21\. It moved eastward toward the coastline of southwestern India and rapidly intensified on May 22, strengthening from a deep depression to a very severe cyclonic storm within 24 hours. After approaching the coastline, the storm turned to the north and northwest away from land due to a ridge. Based on the well-defined eye and the storm's satellite presentation, the IMD estimated peak winds of 215 km/h (135 mph) on May 24, and the JTWC estimated 1 minute winds of 205 km/h (125 mph).
A few hours later, the agency upgraded the deep depression further to a cyclonic storm, naming it Sagar. The storm turned westward and later southwestward, paralleling offshore the coast of Yemen. With the convection supported by upper-level outflow to the north, Sagar continued to intensify. It developed an eye on microwave imagery. Late on May 18, the IMD estimated that Sagar attained peak 3 minute sustained winds of 85 km/h (50 mph), based on the organized structure on satellite imagery. Around the same time, the JTWC estimated Sagar attained peak 1 minute sustained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), while located about 165 km (105 mi) south of Aden, Yemen, or about 95 km (60 mi) north of Berbera, Somalia.
Shortly afterwards, the cyclone began a period of rapid intensification; however, the rate of intensification was tempered somewhat by strong vertical wind shear. Vayu was upgraded to a very severe cyclonic storm at 18:00 UTC, and continued to strengthen through 00:00 UTC on 12 June, at which point the system became a Category 2-equivalent tropical cyclone on the SSHWS. One-minute sustained winds increased to 165 km/h (105 mph) six hours later as a ragged eye developed on visible-light satellite imagery, surrounded by strong deep convection, particularly in the western semicircle of the storm. The intensification trend then slowed, however, with three-minute sustained winds only increasing further to 150 km/h (90 mph) by 12:00 UTC.
Upon weakening further to a cyclonic storm, strong low-level southwesterly flow caused the system to accelerate northeastwards through the break in the blocking high- pressure ridge, back towards the Gujarat coast. Strong vertical wind shear and dry air ingestion from the western semicircle of the storm's circulation continued to erode the cyclone, and Vayu weakened into a deep depression at 03:00 UTC on 17 June, with the JTWC issuing their final advisory at this time. The system was downgraded further to a depression by the IMD six hours later. Soon afterwards, the IMD issued their final advisory on the system after Vayu degenerated into a well-marked low-pressure area, just before crossing the Gujarat coast near the India–Pakistan border.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Megh is regarded as the worst tropical cyclone to ever strike the Yemeni island of Socotra, causing additional destruction there after Cyclone Chapala hit the same island. Megh formed on November 5, 2015, in the eastern Arabian Sea, and followed a path similar to Chapala. After moving northward, the cyclone turned to the west, and fueled by warm water temperatures, it quickly intensified. On November 7, the storm developed an eye in the center and began to rapidly intensify into a mature cyclone. By the next day, the India Meteorological Department estimated peak 3 minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph), and the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center estimated 1 minute winds of 205 km/h (125 mph).
Further activity occurred in October, and in the latter part of that month, the first Super Cyclonic Storm of the 2010s, Kyarr, formed. The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the National Meteorological Center of CMA (NMC) unofficially release full advisories.
The 1991 Bangladesh cyclone (IMD designation: BOB 01, JTWC designation: 02B) was among the deadliest tropical cyclones on record. Forming out of a large area of convection over the Bay of Bengal on April 24, the tropical cyclone initially developed gradually while meandering over the southern Bay of Bengal. On April 28, the storm began to accelerate northeastwards under the influence of the southwesterlies, and rapidly intensified to super cyclonic storm strength near the coast of Bangladesh on April 29\. After making landfall in the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 250 km/h (155 mph), the cyclone rapidly weakened as it moved through northeastern India, and degenerated into a remnant low over Yunnan province in western China.
In 2006, after another court case (Supreme Court Queensland), two short rock breakwaters were built, extending 100m into the Hinchinbrook Channel to the boundary of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. In 1977 the Queensland Harbours and Marine Department had published a report (Boat Harbour Feasibility Study) describing the site as unsuitable for a "boat harbour" (an older concept than "marina", in the days of small sailing craft) because it had "no naturally deep water", was "in a catchment", was subject to (cyclonic) "storm surge" and was subject to "severe siltation".documents held by Alliance to Save Hinchinbrook Inc. and Queensland Government Severe siltation means that the seabottom sediments (in this case having a high acid marine mud component) are always on the move.
By early on 30 October, Chapala had developed a well-defined eye wide. Based on satellite intensity estimates using the Dvorak technique, the JTWC assessed Chapala as a high-end Category 4-equivalent cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale at 06:00 UTC with one-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph). Based on their estimate, Chapala was the second- strongest cyclone on record over the Arabian Sea; at the time, only Cyclone Gonu of 2007 was stronger, and Cyclone Kyarr tied it in 2019. Meanwhile, the IMD upgraded Chapala to an extremely severe cyclonic storm at 00:00 UTC on 30 October and estimated peak three-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) at 09:00 UTC.
On 4 May 1990, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that a depression had developed over the Bay of Bengal about to the southeast of Chennai, India. During that day the system gradually developed further and became the subject of a tropical cyclone formation alert, by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as it moved westwards under the influence of the subtropical ridge of high pressure. The depression subsequently intensified into a cyclonic storm early the next day, before the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 02B later that day. At this stage the JTWC only expected the cyclone to intensify marginally, before it weakened as it made landfall in Southern India within 72 hours.
Late on May 21, 2009, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center reported that a Tropical Disturbance had persisted about to the south of Kolkata, in India and had developed within the Southwest Monsoon. The disturbance at this time had a broad and poorly organized area of deep convection, which was located to the southeast of the low level circulation center which had consolidated into a single circulation during the previous 12 hours. Environmental analysis indicated that the system was in an area of favorable conditions to develop with low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures. During May 22, 2009, the disturbance developed further with a Tropical Cyclone a Cyclonic storm and had been named as Aila whilst located about to the southeast of Sagar Island.
The inchoate storm quickly organized during this period, and convection about the storm's center intensified. These developments caused satellite intensity estimates to increasingly indicate a stronger storm, which in turn prompted the JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 18:30 UTC on November 23\. At 06:00 UTC the following day, the JTWC upgraded the system to tropical storm status (or modern-day Cyclonic Storm-equivalent) and thus designate the storm as Tropical Cyclone 04B; however, the storm's "best track" listing, which details refined cyclone positions and is subject to revision, indicates that the storm reached tropical storm intensity six hours earlier. After reaching tropical storm status, the system took on a slower and more westerly path across the Bay of Bengal.
The 1995 India cyclone was a tropical cyclone that struck southeastern India which later spawned a rare snowstorm in Nepal, triggering the deadliest mountain trekking incident in the country's history in November 1995. The storm originated from the monsoon trough on November 7 in the Bay of Bengal, east of India, becoming the penultimate storm of the 1995 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Moving northwestward, the system gradually intensified while moving toward land, eventually developing an eye in the middle of the convection. Reaching peak winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph), the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the system as a very severe cyclonic storm on November 8, in line with intensity estimates from the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).
The system subsequently intensified further and became the strongest tropical cyclone of the season, before it made landfall in southern Andhra Pradesh during May 9. After the system was last noted on May 11, a land depression was monitored over Bangladesh during May 15, while four other systems including the remnant depression of Typhoon Becky were monitored by the IMD during the monsoon season. After the monsoon had withdrawn from India, two deep depressions and a depression were monitored as they impacted the Bay of Bengal, India and Bangladesh, while a depression was monitored over the Arabian Sea. The second and final Cyclonic Storm of the year developed over the Bay of Bengal and affected Bangladesh and Myanmar (Burma) during December.
The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) subsequently initiated advisories on the depression and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 02B, before the system slightly weakened, as it passed near Mayabunder in the Andaman Islands and moved into the Bay of Bengal. After moving into the Bay of Bengal, the system quickly reorganized as it moved along the southern edge of a subtropical ridge of high pressure. The IMD reported that the system had intensified into a cyclonic storm and named it Phailin. Satellite loop of Phailin making landfall on the coast of Odisha, on October 12 After it was named, Phailin rapidly intensified further, and became the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) early on October 10.
After bands of atmospheric convection had wrapped into the systems low level circulation center and formed an eye feature. Later that day, the IMD reported that the system had become a very severe cyclonic storm, before the JTWC reported that Phailin had become equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane on the SSHWS, after it had rapidly intensified throughout that day. Early the next day the system underwent an eyewall replacement cycle and formed a new eyewall which subsequently consolidated. After the new eyewall had consolidated the system slightly intensified further, with the JTWC reporting that the system had reached its peak intensity, with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of which made it equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the SSHWS.
During this time period, increased organization, such as tighter banding features and a progressively more distinct eye, were observed on satellite imagery. At 10:30 UTC on 17 November, the ship Jagatswami reported winds of 190 km/h (120 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of off the Indian coast. The next evening, the JTWC estimated that the system had attained its peak intensity as a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone, with one-minute sustained winds of 200 km/h (125 mph), while located roughly 140 km (85 mi) off the coast of Andhra Pradesh. Around this time, the IMD estimated that the system had three-minute sustained winds of 250 km/h (155 mph)—which would classify the system as a modern-day super cyclonic storm—and a minimum barometric pressure of .
Soon afterwards, Ockhi intensified further into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm. Cyclone Ockhi becoming extratropical off the Maharashtra coast on December 4 As Ockhi moved further into the Arabian Sea, it traveled through an area of sea surface temperatures of 31 °C (89 °F) and decreasing wind shear; a eye became visible on satellite imagery, prompting the JTWC to upgrade it to a Category 3-equivalent cyclone early on December 2. On December 4, analysis showed that Ockhi was maintaining a source aloft, but there was restricted outflow on the western edge, due to a deepening trough advancing rapidly from the west. Increasing vertical wind shear along with a deep layered subtropical ridge to the east steered it north-northeast, and a dry air intrusion from the west gradually weakened the system.
The circulation became more defined within the building convection, which was amplified by outflow from an anticyclone over the northern Arabian Sea. At 03:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on May 31, the IMD designated the system as a depression about 1,000 km (620 mi) west- southwest of Mumbai, India, or about 1,260 km (785 mi) southeast of Muscat, Oman. At 18:00 UTC, the JTWC began issuing advisories on the storm, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 03A. As the wind shear decreased, the convection increased further, and the IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression at 00:00 UTC on June 1\. Later that day, the system began rapidly intensifying while moving on a northwest trajectory; the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm at 09:00 UTC, naming it Phet.
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Nargis ( ) was an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone that caused the worst natural disaster in the recorded history of Myanmar during early May 2008."80,000 dead in one Burma province" , The Australian, 9 May 2008 The cyclone made landfall in Myanmar on Friday, 2 May 2008, sending a storm surge 40 kilometres up the densely populated Irrawaddy delta, causing catastrophic destruction and at least 138,373 fatalities. The Labutta Township alone was reported to have 80,000 dead, with about 10,000 more deaths in Bogale. There were around 55,000 people missing and many other deaths were found in other towns and areas, although the Myanmar government's official death toll may have been under-reported, and there have been allegations that government officials stopped updating the death toll after 138,000 to minimise political fallout.
By this time, both the JTWC and IMD estimated Mala to have attained hurricane-force winds with the latter classifying it as a very severe cyclonic storm. The previously weak steering currents became more established as well, with the storm now tracking northeast toward Myanmar through a weakness in a ridge over Southeast Asia. Situated in an area with sea surface temperatures of , the cyclone was able to undergo rapid intensification as wind shear abruptly diminished. The IMD estimated Mala to have reached its peak intensity at 0900 UTC on April 28 with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) and a barometric pressure of 954 mbar (hPa; 28.17 inHg). Using the Dvorak technique, a method of determining a tropical cyclone's strength via satellite imagery, the agency gave Mala a rating of T#5.5 which yields an intensity of 189 km/h (117 mph).
During that day, the circulation was somewhat elongated and exposed from the convection, while the thunderstorms in the southern periphery organized into spiral rainbands. At 18:00 UTC on July 29, the IMD upgraded the system to Cyclonic Storm Komen, one of only four storms of such intensity in July since 1965; typically, low pressure areas that form in the month are in the extreme northern periphery of the Bay of Bengal, allowing little time to develop over waters, and usually impeded by wind shear. Late on July 29, the JTWC estimated that Komen attained peak 1 minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph), based on estimates from satellite imagery. As the storm approached Bangladesh, the circulation remained very broad with most of the convection in the southern periphery, although radar imagery from the coast indicated there was a formative eye feature in the storm's center.
A weak low-pressure system developed in the equatorial Indian Ocean in Météo-France's area of responsibility on November 1 and moved slowly eastwards over the following few days while showing little signs of intensification. Late on November 9, as the developing precursor depression to Severe Cyclonic Storm Gaja in the Bay of Bengal moved further away and the competing low-level airflow convergence associated with it diminished, the system's structure organised sufficiently to be classified as a tropical disturbance by Météo-France. Very shortly afterwards, the system crossed the 90th meridian east and entered the Australian region, where it was classified by TCWC Jakarta as a tropical depression on November 10 local time. Later the same day, the JTWC assessed the developing low as having attained tropical storm status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, and assigned the system the unofficial designation 04S.
Early on October 14, a low pressure area formed off the eastern coast of India. While moving generally westward, the system quickly organized into a depression that day. On October 15, the IMD estimated peak winds of 65 km/h (40 mph), based on satellite imagery appearance warranting a Dvorak rating of 2.5; this made it a cyclonic storm. However, the circulation remained removed from the deep convection. Early on November 16, the storm made landfall near Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. It quickly weakened over land, degenerating into a remnant low pressure area over Rayalaseema on October 17. While moving ashore, the storm dropped heavy rainfall in Andhra Pradesh and extending into Tamil Nadu, causing flooding in some areas for the first time in 40 years. In a 24‑hour period, Sullurpeta recorded of precipitation, and 13 stations recorded daily totals of over 100 mm (4 in); the highest two-day rainfall total was , and some areas received 300% of the average October rainfall within 36 hours.
Later on November 9, the JTWC reported that the depression had intensified into a tropical cyclone, designating it as 04A, with wind speeds equivalent to a tropical storm as organized deep convection increased around a consolidating low level circulation center. Early the next day the IMD reported that the depression had intensified into a Deep Depression as convection organized further. The IMD further reported later that day that the deep depression had reached its peak windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph) 3-min sustained, which made it a Cyclonic storm with it being named as Phyan whilst located about 500 km (310miles) to the southwest of Mumbai as it moved into an area of high vertical wind shear. Early on November 11 the JTWC reported that Phyan had reached its peak intensity of 95 km/h (60 mph), before the Cyclone made landfall in Maharashtra between Alibagh and Mumbai later that morning.
Creel also retains his intellect and capacity for speech and full physical movement (although his first attempt at absorbing water temporarily cost Creel his sanity when he tried to keep himself from drifting apart in the ocean) and can reform if his body is damaged in any way while in altered form, which he discovered when Wolverine cut his arm off during the Secret Wars while he was in stone form and he held it in place as he deactivated his powers.Secret Wars #7 November 1984 Creel's overall power increases in direct proportion to the strength of the material absorbed. There seems to be almost no limit to what Creel can absorb, as he has absorbed the properties of bronze;Journey into Mystery #114 (April 1965) Odin's Cosmic Bolt and later cyclonic storm;Journey Into Mystery #123 (Dec. 1965) diamond;Daredevil #360 (July 1997) glass;Journey Into Mystery #121 (Oct. 1965) light; rock, silk, soil;Journey Into Mystery #115 (April 1965) spikes;Journey Into Mystery #122 (Nov.
That day, the convection organized into a circular cluster as the circulation became more defined. The system slowed and turned to the north around the periphery of a ridge to the east. The system organized into a depression on October 22, the same day that the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified it as Tropical Cyclone 05A. As the storm moved slowly northward, it quickly intensified, and the IMD upgraded the system's status from a depression on October 22 to severe cyclonic storm status late on October 23\. Around that time, the storm developed an eye, and the JTWC estimated 1 minute peak winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) at 18:00 UTC that day, equivalent to a minimal hurricane. On October 24, the IMD estimated peak 3 minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph), although estimates derived from the Dvorak technique suggested winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).
Early on June 13, the JTWC assessed peak 1-minute winds of 85 km/h (50 mph), and on the next day, the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm. Both the intensity and the track were unusual for the month of June. At 00:00 UTC on June 16, the IMD estimated peak 3-minute winds of 85 km/h (50 mph), around which time the storm turned back to the northwest. Five hours later, the storm made landfall near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and it rapidly weakened into a remnant low. The JTWC continued tracking the remnants until June 18 when the system was over Madhya Pradesh. About 3,000 people evacuated ahead of the storm in Andhra Pradesh. When the storm struck the state, the highest winds on land were around 55 km/h (35 mph). However, the most severe effects were due to heavy rainfall, in part due to the storm's interaction with the monsoon. Chennai in northeastern Tamil Nadu recorded on June 14, breaking the 100 year old record for the greatest June daily rainfall total.
A weakening Cyclone Megh approaching Yemen on November 9 Cyclone Megh continued to rapidly intensify while approaching the island of Socotra. It developed a small eye just 7.4 km (4.6 mi) in diameter by early on November 8, along with a convective core just 280 km (175 mi) in diameter. At 03:00 UTC that day, the IMD upgraded the system to an extremely severe cyclonic storm, and three hours later estimated peak 3 minute winds of 175 km/h (110 mph). At the same time, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 205 km/h (125 mph). Since accurate record keeping began in the basin in 1990, this marked the first time in the Arabian Sea that there were two cyclones in one season with 1 minute winds of at least 185 km/h (115 km/h). Between 06:00-12:00 UTC on November 8, the eye of Megh passed just north of Socotra, with the resulting land interaction causing the eyewall to disappear and for the winds to diminish. After exiting the island, the cyclone began weakening further due to cooler water temperatures and drier air from the Arabian Peninsula to the northwest.

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