The conservation reserve was gazetted on 20 November 1996. The claypan is a slightly concave surface approximately 100m across. It retains water after even light rain, thus attracting many birds and animals. The claypan and surrounding outcrops are also a significant archaeological site.
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Rock outcrop showing petroglyphs at Ewaninga Claypan surface at Ewaninga The Ewaninga Conservation Reserve is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia consisting of an area of low sand dunes, rocky outcrops and a claypan about south of Alice Springs. It is significant because of a large number of Aboriginal rock carvings.
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Harry Pritchard, the Chief Superintendent there, loaned a Bristol Sycamore helicopter for the purpose. A site, originally given the codename X200 but later renamed Emu Field, was selected. It was an isolated dry, flat clay and sandstone expanse in the Great Victoria Desert north west of Woomera, South Australia. A natural claypan known as the Dingo Claypan provided a ready-made airstrip.
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The black rocks lying on the northern side of the main formation are also considered significant natural objects that are not to be moved from their current locations. In consideration of both the Aboriginal culture and the ideals of conservation of the area, visitors may only explore in the designated viewing and camping areas on the southwest side of the claypan, and along the trail to Mushroom Rock or other officially marked trails. All other areas, including the claypan, are restricted access requiring a guide.
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Cuddie Springs is a notable archaeological and paleontological site in the semi-arid zone of central northern New South Wales, Australia, near Carinda in Walgett Shire. Cuddie Springs is an open site, with the fossil deposits preserved in a claypan on the floor of an ancient ephemeral lake. The claypan fills with water after local rainstorms and often takes months to dry, a fact which facilitated the survival of fossils over a long period of time. The site provided the first unequivocal association of stone artefacts with fossil remains of Australian megafauna.
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This variety grows in sand over hard claypan in heath and tall open shrubland between the Billabong Roadhouse and Kalbarri National Park and eastwards towards Yuna and Mullewa, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.
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Claypans is a locality in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia. Claypans had a Methodist church in 1928. The school opened in 1907 and closed in 1947. The name refers to the claypan at which the settlers camped on their first night.
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The Rainbow Valley access road is located south of Alice Springs as a branch off the Stuart Highway. The unsealed dirt access road heads east then southeast for to a parking lot situated on the west side of a claypan that extends northwest from the base of the main sandstone formation. Since there are some sandy sections along the access road, the official park site declares the road as "recommended for 4WD vehicles only." The joint management plan's official document, however, refers to the access road as "suitable for conventional vehicles driven with care" but still recommends 4WD for the final around the claypan.
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Soil biodiversity is also influenced by reduced soil aeration. Severe soil compaction may cause reduced microbial biomass.Pengthamkeerati, P., Motavalli, P. and Kremer, R. (2011). Soil microbial activity and functional diversity changed by compaction, poultry litter and cropping in a claypan soil , Applied Soil Ecology 48 : 71 - 80.
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California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California. Within California, vernal pools are quite commonly associated with Mima Mounds. These Mima Mounds are typically located on stable landforms that are greater than 100,000 years old. These landforms are characterized by strongly developed soils that usually have a relatively impermeable layer (claypan or silcrete duripan) in the subsoil.
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They are typically found in temporary claypan and flooded grassland habitats. These burrowing frogs have special genetic characteristics that help them to live in extreme environments. They stand out because some species are tetraploids instead of diploids. All species have a similar body shape, they are rounded and squat with large eyes and the pupils constrict vertically.
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In geology, a claypan is a dense, compact, slowly permeable layer in the subsoil having a much higher clay content than the overlying material, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. Claypans are usually hard when dry, and plastic and sticky when wet. They limit or slow the downward movement of water through the soil.
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Bilpa Morea is a claypan in Bedourie in the Shire of Diamantina in the extreme southwest of Queensland, Australia. It has been investigated as a possible location for land speed record attempts due to its flat and hard surface. An archaeological dig in 2009 recovered artefacts buried by explorers Burke and Wills under the clay during their ill-fated 1861 expedition.
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By 1892 the property was owned by Sidney Kidman who moved 10,000 sheep and 1,000 head of cattle from the station, still owned by the Kidman Brothers in 1899. Kidman described it as "one of the worst in New South Wales, the might carry 230 cattle but no more, much of it is a claypan that will never carry feed".
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7 Fd Coy returned to Australia on 3 January 1946 and disbanded on 4 February 1946. On 19 June 1947, a Special Survey Troop was activated for employment on the proposed Rocket Range at Woomera and then later expanded.Greville 2002, p. 29. The unit was involved in the construction of facilities for the nuclear tests conducted at Emu Claypan during the 1950s.
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The Edmund River is a river in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The headwaters of the Edmund rise north of the Barlee Range. The river flows south-west joined by the Dundagee, Edmund Claypan, Bobbamindagee, Rock Hole, Dingo and Donald Creeks until it forms its confluence with the Lyons River. The Lyons continues until it flows into the Gascoyne River.
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Mandora Marsh has formed over thousands of years on what used to be the lower reaches and estuary of an ancient river. The main features are two large lakes which are flooded after heavy cyclonic rainfall. The westernmost Lake Walyarta is a claypan that extends eastwards about 30 km from the inland side of the Great Northern Highway. Although its width may reach 5 km, the depth of water never exceeds 2 m.
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Boundary map, 2015 The Burke and Wills Plant Camp site is located on an unnamed creek on Durrie station, approximately two hours drive north of Birdsville. The archaeological record of the Plant Camp has two key components in two different locations. The majority of the European artefacts found to date were located at the terminus of the intermittent unnamed creek and a claypan. Artefacts have been found all along the unnamed creek in varying concentrations.
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The oak-hickory forests surrounding Coffeen Lake are representative of the native cover found within the Southern Till Plain Natural Division of central and southern Illinois. Soils are of loess and till, rather light and a characteristic "claypan" can be found. Pre-settlement vegetation was a mixture of 60 percent forest to 40 percent prairie and wetlands. A variety of trees, woodland and prairie plants cover the slopes of the stream valley.
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The last personnel departed on 29 November, although flights to the claypan to remove equipment continued. Some stores were returned to the UK, while others were stored at Woomera and Salisbury. All that remained were three Commonwealth Peace Officers to ensure that no one entered K Site. For their services, Lucas was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and Garden was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire.
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Within the northwestern United States, Mima mounds typically are part of what is commonly known as hog-wallow landscape. This type of landscape typically has a shallow basement layer such as bedrock, hardpan, claypan, or densely bedded gravel. In the northwestern United States, Mima mounds also occur within landscapes where a permanent water table impedes drainage, creating waterlogged soil conditions for prolonged periods. Mima mounds are named after the Mima Prairie in Thurston County, Washington.Cox, G.W., 1984a.
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Cuddie Springs has been known as a fossil megafauna locality since the late 1870s, when a well was sunk into the centre of the claypan. The Australian Museum launched excavations in 1933 and while many bones were found, no archaeological discoveries were made in that initial research. More extensive excavations were conducted between 1991 and 1996 by a team from the University of New South Wales and were continued between 1997 and 2009 through the University of Sydney.
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Penney flew in to the Dingo Claypan in a Royal Air Force (RAF) Percival Prince. His party included Pritchard, Butement, Martin, Ben Gates (the range controller), Ivor Bowen from the UK Ministry of Supply staff in Melbourne and Omond Solandt from the Canadian Defence Research Board. The party inspected the area by helicopter and Land Rover; the light sandy clay soil was easily traversed by motor vehicles. The drawbacks of the Emu Field site were also discussed.
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Because much of the topsoil is underlain by claypan, drainage is poor, and heavy rainfall periodically converts vast parts of the region to swamp. The central area, comprising the northern half of Santa Cruz Department, has gently rolling hills and a drier climate than the north. Forests alternate with savanna, and much of the land has been cleared for cultivation. Santa Cruz, the largest city in the lowlands, is located here, as are most of Bolivia's petroleum and natural gas reserves.
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The Black River Hills Border is a transitional region with broad, flat inter-stream divides and moderately dissected hills. There is significantly less relief than in neighboring hill regions in the Ozark Highlands but greater relief than in the southeastern Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Soils are thin and rocky on steeper slopes, with claypan and loess in more level areas. More soils are derived from sandstone and loess, in contrast to interior Ozark Highlands regions which have soils mainly derived from dolomite.
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The District has a variety of habitats: mixed grass prairie, river bottom, green ash draws, sand dunes along the South Fork of the Grand River, badlands, sandstone outcrops and buttes, and claypan areas with a few small playas in Corson County. Approximately of the District is old cropland that was reseeded to crested wheatgrass. There have been 476 species from 78 families have been discovered so far. For birding enthusiasts, there is also a comprehensive birding checklist of the District.
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The conservation reserve contains many prehistoric abraded and pecked engravings that provide an outstanding example of central Australian rock art. The main feature of the area is a set of about 1000 petroglyphs, distributed among the rock outcrops to the south and south-east of the claypan. Most of the petroglyphs are non-representational, consisting of circles, lines and other geometric motifs, though there are some examples of animal tracks. The motifs have been compared with those found elsewhere in Central Australia and Tasmania.
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The Eastern Ozark Border ecoregion is a transitional area between the interior ecoregions of the Ozark Highlands and the Interior River Valleys and Hills ecoregion to the east. Moderately dissected hills and sheer bluffs typify the region. Soils can be rocky and thin on steep slopes, with areas of claypan or loess similar to the Black River Hills Border to the southwest. Compared to the Central Plateau, however, the loess mantle in this region tends to be deeper and more expansive on the uplands.
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Three bores were sunk during 1924 to a depth of and were producing flows of millions of gallons per day. The station suffered from extensive damage from flooding following the passing of the remnants over a cyclone over the area in 1945. Father O'Sullivan, the flying padre, was forced to land his Tiger Moth airplane on a claypan at Wooramel in 1956 after experiencing engine trouble and poor visibility. He was sighted later by the pilot of a MacRobertson Miller DC3 that had been diverted to search.
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The Drummond Nature Reserve is constructed with a series of lateritic hills with spillway deposits plus a small outcrop of bedrock. There have been ten different vegetation areas identified, and these are based on different soil types, topography and drainage. The area has six different woodland types, two granite heath types, a mallee vegetation type and two of the last claypan wetland areas remaining in the state. The vegetation of the two granite heath types are; Xanthorrhoea preissii, Gastrolobium calycinum with a Borya herbfield, while the other is dominated by Melaleuca and Dodonaea with a herbfield of Borya.
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In the historic period, Cuddie Springs was known to both Aboriginal and European people as a palaeontological site. A Dreamtime story about Mullyan the eaglehawk is associated to the formation of the bone deposits at the site and the formation of the Macquarie Marshes to the south and the site is also part of a Dreaming track tied to the Macquarie Marshes and the Geera waterhole on the Barwon River . Europeans first settled in the area around Cuddie Springs in the 1830s. A well was sunk into the middle of the claypan in 1876, the disused superstructure of which was still present in the 1920s.
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At the time the area was made up of grassed downs and saltbush country. By 1892 the Caryapundy Station was in the hands of Sidney Kidman who moved 10,000 sheep and 1,000 head of cattle from the station, still owned by the Kidman Brothers in 1899, Sidney Kidman described it as one of the worst in New South Wales, the might carry 230 cattle but no more, much of it is a claypan that will never carry feed. In the 1890s it was included in the Albert Goldfields. The path of totality for the 25 November 2030 solar eclipse will pass over the parish.
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Prior to its agricultural development in historic times, the Rainwater Basin wetland region was characterized by numerous playa wetlands, Rainwater Basins, numbering in the thousands. The shallow depressions, in which these wetlands occur are lined with a nearly impervious layer of clayey soil, a claypan, that prohibits surface water from penetrating the subsoil. As a result, Rainwater Basins are not naturally influenced by the water table and the sole source of water is run-off in the form of rain, snow and, currently, drainage from crop irrigation. Because the primary source of water for these wetlands is precipitation, they annually vary in depth, expanse and seasonality due to changes in precipitation regimes and are called Rainwater Basins.
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For example, in the Yule Brook Botany Reserve, where parallel sand ridges cross a clay flat, B. telmatiaea occurs neither in the lowest parts of the flat, where seasonal inundation occurs; nor on the tops of the ridges, where the drainage is good; but it is one of the most abundant plants of intermediate habitats, on ridge slopes and in higher areas of the clay flat. Favoured soils are deep grey sandy loams or shallower sand overlying claypan. Associated vegetation is typically scrubland or shrubland, although moisture- loving trees such as B. littoralis (swamp banksia) or Melaleuca preissiana (moonah) may also be present, sometimes in sufficient numbers to form a low open woodland.
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Walter MacDougall had been appointed the Native Patrol Officer at Woomera on 4 November 1947, with responsibility for ensuring that Aboriginal people were not harmed by the LRWE's rocket testing programme. He was initially assigned to the Department of Works and Housing but was transferred to the Department of Supply in May 1949. As the range of the rockets increased, so too did the range of his patrols, from in October 1949 to in March and April 1952. MacDougall found the Aboriginal people reluctant to reveal important details such as the location of water holes and sacred sites, but they did inform him that the Dingo Claypan area, which was in Yankuntjatjarra territory, had no particular importance or significance.
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The property was put up for sale as part of five blocks owned by Mr. O'Connor. Caryapundy, Conulpie, Bolwarry, Omura No. 5 and Omura No. 6 were all for sale and advertised as being of Burke and Wills track and well watered by the Bulloo River, Tongowoko, Torrens and other creeks. At the time the area was made up of grassed downs and saltbush country. By 1892 the property was in the hands of Sidney Kidman who moved 10,000 sheep and 1,000 head of cattle from the station, still owned by the Kidman Brothers in 1899, Sidney Kidman described it as "one of the worst in New South Wales, the might carry 230 cattle but no more, much of it is a claypan that will never carry feed".
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During the sinking of the well in the 1870s several large fossilised bones were recovered and were sent to the Australian Museum, some of which were later sent to Richard Owen who identified the fossils as belonging to different genus of Diprotodon, Euowenia, Nototherium, Genyornis, various Macropodidae, Megalania and at least one genus of crocodile, Pallimnarchus . Despite attempts in the 1920s to excavate it was not until 1933 that the first excavations took place at Cuddie Springs. Led by the Australian Museum, the principal researchers described the excavation thus: > We commenced our excavations about 10 yards from the well, working towards > the centre, and before work was stopped, about five weeks later, the claypan > resembled the fields of Flanders, with a complicated series of trenches and > pits, mostly about 5 feet in depth, but in one case about 15 feet . Though a range of paleontological material was recovered from the site, no archaeological material was identified in the 1933 excavation .
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