You also have a bolus effect with opioids: If you have a bolus full of opioids and you inject very quickly, that bolus remains concentrated and when it gets to your brain, it can trigger an overdose that wouldn't have happened if you had done it more slowly.
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Mr. Obama "was prejudiced against white people," Mr. Bolus said.
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Mr. Bolus said it was a turning point in his personal politics.
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Bolus insulin is what's needed to even out blood glucose levels after a meal.
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Bolus insulin refers to the extra doses of insulin a normally functioning pancreas makes in response to eating food.
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We do two areas then they add a cool, sticky gel pad called a bolus over my tissue expander.
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Usually, you had to dance around the stakeholders to determine the emotional bolus of a work, as they called it.
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There are two types of insulin in the body — basal and bolus — and the device only automates the delivery of basal insulin.
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Today that same tiny, lifesaving bolus of epinephrine — used mostly to treat severe allergic reactions — is delivered via sometimes elaborate devices called auto-injectors.
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Mr. Bolus voted for Barack Obama in 2008, but said he became enraged when Mr. Obama weighed in on issues of racial bias among law enforcement.
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Type 1 diabetes patients currently take a bolus dose of insulin to respond to the natural spike in blood sugar that can occur after eating certain foods.
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The extreme sweetness of the pineapple and the saltiness of the sardines turned out to be a sweet-and-sour bolus made quite doughy by the tuna.
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"Arthur wrote about everything in his journals," said Julia Bolus, Miller's longtime assistant and director of the Arthur Miller Trust, who is coediting a volume of selections.
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Punk begat New Wave, which congealed into the turgid bolus of synthesizer-heavy '80s rock — until the icebreaker of Grunge brought yet another return to the basics.
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By this measure, predigested food alone may not count, but if the parent first adds essential ingredients to the bolus, the regurgitate can fairly be deemed a milk.
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If you've ever seen a horse take a shit, you know that its asshole kind of blossoms—gonna pause here to let you vomit—before a softball-sized bolus falls out.
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So he probably eats a taco salad and then sits down on the toilet the next morning and mints a perfectly symmetrical bolus that could be displayed in an art museum.
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Mr. Scavo called himself "pro-wall, not pro-Trump," and Mr. Bolus said he worried the Republican establishment fails to understand how fiercely Mr. Trump's supporters are committed to their cultural ideals.
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Bob Bolus, a 76-year-old local businessman in the trucking industry who owns semitrailers covered with pro-Trump and anti-Hillary Clinton paraphernalia, said Mr. Trump was a champion for white interests.
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" TRUMP'S CHAMPIONS Bob Bolus, Pennsylvania "One of the first things that I ever heard Trump say was, 'I don't have time to be politically correct because America doesn't have time to be politically correct.
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The recipients of Mr. Cuomo's commutations included Roy Bolus, 49, who was sentenced to 75 years to life for his secondary role in a drug deal that ended in the deaths of two men.
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Disney anticipated a huge bolus of visitors for the new lands' openings, and, hey, I get it—my family went to opening week of Star Tours in 1987, and the line ran all the way down Main Street.
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I first thought of the idea of sequence and symmetry because I'd noticed that they featured in the so-called "New Generation" sculpture of artists such as Phillip King, Tim Scott, Michael Bolus, William Tucker and David Annesley.
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Although little or no input is required of a patient to maintain basal insulin -- also referred to as "background" insulin, this is the amount available whether a person eats or not -- the artificial pancreas does require users to manually adjust their bolus insulin.
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"If you give a healthy individual a big bolus of glucose in the morning, the blood glucose might stay high one or two hours before coming back to normal," said Dr. Satchidananda Panda, a professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego.
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If you're going to include the '60s sculpture of King, Scott, Bolus, Tucker, Annesley or the paintings of John Hoyland or Jeremy Moon, you are going to get color — and a very typical color at that: bright, saturated, more artificial than it is naturalistic.
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The extended bolus also extends the action of insulin well beyond that of the insulin alone. The extended bolus is appropriate when covering high fat high protein meals such as steak, which will be raising blood sugar for many hours past the onset of the bolus. The extended bolus is also useful for those with slow digestion (such as with gastroparesis or coeliac disease). A combination bolus/multiwave bolus is the combination of a standard bolus spike with an extended bolus square wave.
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An insulin pump user can influence the profile of the rapid-acting insulin by shaping the bolus. Users can experiment with bolus shapes to determine what is best for any given food, which means that they can improve control of blood sugar by adapting the bolus shape to their needs. A standard bolus is an infusion of insulin pumped completely at the onset of the bolus. It's the most similar to an injection.
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Between 1915 and 1928, 4 editions were published of the Annals of the Bolus Herbarium. Later, Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium appeared.
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In 1912 Louisa Kensit married Harry Bolus's son (and her father's cousin) Frank Bolus. She was widowed when Frank Bolus died in 1945. Louisa Bolus died at her home in Claremont, Cape Town in 1970 at the age of 93.
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Since the pump user is responsible to manually start a bolus, this provides an opportunity for the user to pre-bolus to improve upon the insulin pump's capability to prevent post-prandial hyperglycemia. A pre-bolus is simply a bolus of insulin given before it is actually needed to cover carbohydrates eaten. There are two situations where a pre-bolus is helpful: #A pre-bolus of insulin will mitigate a spike in blood sugar that results from eating high glycemic foods. Infused insulin analogs such as NovoLog and Apidra typically begin to reduce blood sugar levels 15 or 20 minutes after infusion.
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This matrix surrounds the food bolus and is later excreted along with unwanted materials present in the food bolus after digestion. When formed continually, as in the insect family Acrididae (locusts), multiple peritrophic matrixes are secreted and surround the food bolus, creating a peritrophic envelope. When no food bolus is present, peritrophic matrixes that are secreted are rapidly passed in excrement.
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On Matroosberg in the Hex River Mountains, he discovered a new species of "everlasting", flowers that in those days were generally included in the genus Helichrysum. That species was described by Harry Bolus under the name Helichrysum dykei Bolus. The genus has since been split however, and the species has been assigned to another genus, as Syncarpha dykei (Bolus) B. Nord. Dyke's name also appears in the names of Erica dykei L. Bolus (= Erica thodei Gilg) and Lessertia dykei L. Bolus.
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When the bolus is used to reduce the skin-sparing effect, the bolus does not necessarily need to touch the skin all over the bolussed area as the scatter is of sufficiently high energy to be unaffected by an air gap. However, it is important that the bolus is uniform thickness. Some bolus materials are easily squashed and must be carefully measured at regular intervals.
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Richard Jacob "Rick" Bolus (born September 26, 1949) is a high school basketball scout and director of the Rick Bolus High Potential "Blue-Chip" Basketball Camp.
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It must be possible to mould the bolus to fill the tissue space. Lincolnshire and Spier's bolus, which is loosely packed in polyethylene bags, is suitable as the bolus bags take the shape of the skin surface these bags are easily smoothed to achieve a flat surface.
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Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus née Kensit (31 July 1877, Burgersdorp – 5 April 1970, Cape Town) was a South African botanist and taxonomist, and the longtime curator of the Bolus Herbarium, from 1903. Bolus also has the legacy of authoring more land plant species than any other female scientist, in total naming 1,494 species.
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Both Schonland and MacOwan were well respected botanists, recognized world wide. Harry Bolus, a botanist, helped him with the specimens to England. Bolus with Flanagan’s wife Florence accompanied him on trips.
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Although the peritrophic matrix is secreted continually, the presence of a food bolus significantly increases the rate of production. In addition, the presence of a food bolus stimulates the production of multiple matrices which surround the bolus. Following the secretion of a primary peritrophic matrix, subsequent matrices are secreted underneath the first matrix to create a layered peritrophic envelope.
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As soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward into the esophagus.
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This shape provides a large dose of insulin up front, and then also extends the tail of the insulin action. The combination bolus is appropriate for high carb high fat meals such as pizza, pasta with heavy cream sauce, and chocolate cake. A super bolus is a method of increasing the spike of the standard bolus. Since the action of the bolus insulin in the blood stream will extend for several hours, the basal insulin could be stopped or reduced during this time.
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As a result, easily digested sugars often hit the bloodstream much faster than infused insulin intended to cover them, and the blood sugar level spikes upward as a result. If the bolus were infused 20 minutes before eating, then the pre-bloused insulin would hit the bloodstream simultaneously with the digested sugars to control the magnitude of the spike. #A pre-bolus of insulin can combine a meal bolus and a correction bolus when the blood sugar is above the target range before a meal. The timing of the bolus is a controllable variable to bring down the blood sugar level before eating again causes it to increase.
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11) Bolus transits pharynx The bolus moves down towards the esophagus by pharyngeal peristalsis which takes place by sequential contraction of the superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X). The lower part of the inferior constrictor (cricopharyngeus) is normally closed and only opens for the advancing bolus. Gravity plays only a small part in the upright position—in fact, it is possible to swallow solid food even when standing on one’s head. The velocity through the pharynx depends on a number of factors such as viscosity and volume of the bolus. In one study, bolus velocity in healthy adults was measured to be approximately 30–40 cm/s.
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The word bolus comes from Yiddish. The Dutch Van Dale etymological dictionary says that the word bolus or boles is the plural of bole, which comes from the Spanish bollo meaning bun, or bola which means "ball".
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This bolus from an albatross has several ingested flotsam items, including monofilament from fishing nets and a discarded toothbrush. Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals In digestion, a bolus (from Latin bolus, "ball") is a ball-like mixture of food and saliva that forms in the mouth during the process of chewing (which is largely an adaptation for plant-eating mammals). It has the same color as the food being eaten, and the saliva gives it an alkaline pH. Under normal circumstances, the bolus is swallowed, and travels down the esophagus to the stomach for digestion.
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By pumping with a "spike" shape, the expected action is the fastest possible bolus for that type of insulin. The standard bolus is most appropriate when eating high carb low protein low fat meals because it will return blood sugar to normal levels quickly. An extended bolus is a slow infusion of insulin spread out over time. By pumping with a "square wave" shape, the bolus avoids a high initial dose of insulin that may enter the blood and cause low blood sugar before digestion can facilitate sugar entering the blood.
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For smaller areas which do not require the bolus to be moulded over the skin, Perspex can be used. The use of Perspex bolus is advantageous for electron set-ups because it is transparent. Since the f.s.d. for most electron fields is 95 cm, so that the movements of the couch are not isocentric, inaccuracies may arise for aligning angled fields when an opaque bolus is inserted.
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To ensure that the patient receives the required dose, bolus of the right thickness must be placed correctly. Therefore bolus requirements must be clearly documented in the setup sheets of the treatment card. When using bolus to compensate for missing tissue, the whole of the bolussed area must be level with the point on the patient where the f.s.d. is set, to ensure dose homogeneity.
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As soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward into the esophagus. They also have respiratory mechanical effects.
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John Brian Bolus (31 January 1934 - 7 May 2020) was an English cricketer who played in seven Test matches from 1963 to 1964. Cricket commentator Colin Bateman stated, "Bolus was essentially an accumulator, dependably totting up 25,000 runs over 20 summers".
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An aerial view of the Bolus Herbarium library in the HW Pearson Building, Upper Campus, University of Cape Town The Bolus Herbarium was established in 1865 from a donation by Harry Bolus of his extensive herbarium and library to the South African College, which later became the University of Cape Town. Its collection of specimens numbers over 320 000, making it the third largest university herbarium in the Southern Hemisphere. The collection is highly representative of the Cape Flora and also houses many type specimens. The international herbarium abbreviation BOL is used when referring to the Bolus Herbarium.
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A specific thickness of bolus can be applied to the skin to alter the dose received at depth in the tissue and on the skin surface. A typical example of this is the application of a defined thickness of bolus to a chest wall for post-mastectomy chest wall treatment, to increase the skin dose. The thickness of bolus applied is dependent on the skin dose required and the angle of incidence of the treatment beams. For example if oblique 6 MV beams are used for tangential pair, 1 cm of bolus effectively becomes 1.5 cm, i.e.
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Plants in Hartmanthus were placed in Delosperma by Louisa Bolus and were separated in 1995.
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The bolus was first created in Zeeland in the first half of the 17th century by Sephardic Jewish bakers, mainly from the portuguese region of Alentejo. There are signs of the Portuguese Jewish community that inhabited Zeeland at the Jewish cemetery in Middelburg. These Jewish bakers created the predecessor of the Zeeuwse bolus. Later bakers from Zeeland perfected the art of the bolus, sometimes using steam ovens to keep the cinnamon pastry tender.
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As soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward into the esophagus. During deglutition, they contract and cause peristaltic movement in the pharynx.
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Dr. Lulu Bolus, Harry's niece, was also involved with the herbarium until her death in 1970.
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Perry, P.L. (1994) A Revision of the Genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae). Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town.
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After determining this speed, the full bolus is injected and the scan is begun at the timing determined by the test bolus. After the scan is completed the images are post-processed to better visualize the vessels and can even be created in the 3D images.
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The plant that Edwin Percy Phillips named L. bolusii however assigns Rourke to L. cordifolium. L. bolusii has been assigned to the louse pincushions, section Diastelloidea. The species was named bolusii in honor of South African botanist Harry Bolus, who was the founder of the Bolus Herbarium.
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The Suda, however, also describes a Bolus who was a philosopher of the school of Democritus,Suda, Bolus, β481 who wrote Inquiry, and Medical Art, containing "natural medical remedies from some resources of nature." But, from a passage of Columella,Columella, vii. 5; cf. Stobaeus, Serm.
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Rarely disorders of movement of the esophagus, such as nutcracker esophagus, can predispose to food bolus obstruction.
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Rick Bolus High Potential "Blue-Chip" Basketball Camp is a youth basketball camp organization that holds camps annually during the summer months. The camp was created by basketball scout Rick Bolus who is based out of Kentucky. The camps are primarily held at Georgetown College in Georgetown, KY.
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Guthrie took up the post of mathematics master at the Graaff-Reinet College. While there he gave a course of acclaimed public lectures on botany in 1862 and thus started a lifelong friendship with local resident Harry Bolus. He advised Bolus to take up the study of botany to ease his grief at the loss of his six- year-old son. When Bolus left for Cape Town a few years later, he persuaded Guthrie to move there as well in 1875.
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BOLUS, M. 1992. Die Siedlungsbefunde des späteiszeitlichen Fundplatzes Niederbieber (Stadt Neuwied). Monographie des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 22.
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BOLUS, M. 1992. Die Siedlungsbefunde des späteiszeitlichen Fundplatzes Niederbieber (Stadt Neuwied). Monographie des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 22.
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As the bolus passes the posterior faucal arches the swallow becomes reflexive under the control of the brainstem.
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Similarly, a low blood sugar level or a low glycemic food might be best treated with a bolus after a meal is begun. The blood sugar level, the type of food eaten, and a person's individual response to food and insulin affect the ideal time to bolus with the pump.
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The winner receives the Bolus Trophy and may call themselves "Best Bolus Baker" for a year. Some of the winners were: Iman Izeboud from Koudekerke (2002), Jan Dees from Zaamslag (he won in 1989, 2004 and 2009), mr. Bliek from Middelburg (2005), Wilfred Droppers from Zierikzee (2007) mr. Voordijk from Goes, 2008.
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Seaweeds of the South African West Coast. Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town. Smyth, G.M. 1955. Cryptogamic Botany. vol. 1.
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Chicks are born with a covering of grey down and are fed a bolus of regurgitated food by the parents.
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B. nobilis larvae failed to reach pupation on mosquito larvae alone. B. nobilis larvae were observed feeding on dead adult insects. To do this, they burrowed into the bodies of the adults and formed a bolus that they then swallowed. When forming this bolus, the larvae exhibited consistent behavior of a series of rhythmic motions.
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Louisa Bolus made contributions to Flowering Plants of South Africa, edited by E. P. Phillips in 1943, and in 1951 she was a guarantor for the publication of Wild Flowers of the Cape of Good Hope by Elsie Garrett Rice and R. H. Compton. Bolus was also considered a pioneer of the nature study classes at the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden. In 1966, she became vice president of the African Succulent Plant Society. Bolus studied the flora of the area around the Cape of Good Hope, especially Ericaceae and Orchidaceae.
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In an emergency room setting, someone with food bolus obstruction may be observed for a period to see if the food bolus passes spontaneously. This may be encouraged by giving carbonated drinks that release gas such as Coca-Cola, which may dislodge the food. While glucagon has been used in those with esophageal food bolus obstruction, evidence as of 2019 does not support its effectiveness, and its use may result in more side effects. Older reviews considered it an acceptable option as long it does not lead to delays in arranging other treatments.
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The palatine velum is slightly raised by the levator veli palatini and made tense by the tensor veli palatini; the palatopharyngeus muscles, by their contraction, pull the pharynx upward over the bolus of food and nearly come together, the uvula filling up the slight interval between them. By these means the bolus is prevented from passing into the nasopharynx; at the same time, the palatopharyngeus muscles form an inclined plane, directed obliquely downward and backward, along the under surface of which the bolus descends into the lower part of the pharynx.
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With on-demand or pulse flow, delivery is measured by the size (in milliliters) of the "bolus" of oxygen per breath.
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Louise Guthrie was a botanical assistant at the Bolus Herbarium, beginning in 1918, until 1927. While there, she developed her skill as a botanical illustrator, best known for a series of 264 depictions of protea species found in South Africa, begun in 1925, with the last dated 1947. She donated the set to Bolus Herbarium in 1948.
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She then became honorary reader in plant taxonomy at Bolus Herbarium in 1952. She made a special study in freshwater algae and fungi, known for her two illustrated booklets on poisonous and edible fungi and also contributed the Pennaeaceae. She continued as honorary reader in systematic botany (cryptogams) in Bolus Herbarium until her death in 1966.
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Her first book, Elementary Lessons in Systematic Botany, was published in 1919. This was followed by two volumes of books on South African flowers. Louisa contributed to a number of botanical journals throughout her life, and edited the Annals of the Bolus Herbarium. Louisa Bolus spent much of her life doing in-depth research on Mesembryanthemum.
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Other agents such as clonidine or ketamine are also sometimes administered through an epidural. If a short duration of action is desired, a single dose of medication called a "bolus" may be administered. Thereafter, a bolus may be repeated if necessary provided the catheter remains undisturbed. For a prolonged effect, a continuous infusion of medication may be administered.
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Bolus has been a basketball scout since 1973 and has served as a summer basketball camp director since 1980. Bolus maintains player rankings of high school basketball athletes for boys and girls from across the nation as well as for states in the Ohio Valley region such as Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana. His rankings and opinions are often cited by other media outlets such as ESPN, Sports Illustrated, CNN Headline News, and Rivals.com. Bolus created the High Potential "Blue-Chip" Basketball Camp in 1980 to provide exposure for high school basketball players to college coaches and scouts.
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12) Esophageal peristalsis Like the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, the esophageal phase of swallowing is under involuntary neuromuscular control. However, propagation of the food bolus is significantly slower than in the pharynx. The bolus enters the esophagus and is propelled downwards first by striated muscle (recurrent laryngeal, X) then by the smooth muscle (X) at a rate of 3–5 cm/s. The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes to let food pass, after which various striated constrictor muscles of the pharynx as well as peristalsis and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter sequentially push the bolus of food through the esophagus into the stomach.
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Endoscopic image of a Schatzki ring which is a common cause of esophageal food bolus obstruction Food bolus obstruction is most commonly caused by Schatzki rings, which are mucosal rings of unknown cause in the lower esophagus. Foodstuff jams into the esophagus due to the narrowing caused by the ring. An increasingly commonly recognized cause for esophageal food bolus obstruction is eosinophilic esophagitis, which is an inflammatory disorder of the mucosa of the esophagus, of unknown cause. Many alterations caused by eosinophilic esophagitis can predispose to food boluses; these include the presence of multiple rings and narrowing of the lumen.
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When considering esophageal dilation to treat a patient with food bolus obstruction, care must be made to look for features of eosinophilic esophagitis, as these patients are at a higher risk of dilation-associated complications. Other conditions that predispose to food bolus obstructions are esophageal webs, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia (TOF/OA) and peptic strictures. Food boluses are common in the course of illness in patients with esophageal cancer but are more difficult to treat as endoscopy to push the bolus is less safe. Patients with esophageal self-expandable metallic stents may present with food boluses lodged within the stent lumen.
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The Roth net can be inserted through the endoscope to remove pieces of the obstructed food. The standard treatment of food bolus obstruction is the use of endoscopy or fibre-optic cameras inserted by mouth into the esophagus. Endoscopes can be used to diagnose the cause of the food bolus obstruction, as well as to remove the obstruction. Traditional endoscopic techniques involved the use of an overtube, a plastic tube inserted into the esophagus prior to the removal of the food bolus, in order to reduce the risk of aspiration into the lungs at the time of endoscopy.
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Bolus was born in Nottingham, England. He was educated at Castle Gate School, Nottingham. The headmaster George Herbert regularly corresponded with and received plant specimens from William Kensit of Grahamstown, South Africa. Kensit requested that the headmaster send him one of his pupils as an assistant; Harry Bolus duly landed at Port Elizabeth from the ship Jane in March 1850.
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Derbyshire played 20 games in the County Championship, one match against Oxford University, and one match each against the touring New Zealanders and West Indians. They won three first class matches overall, two in the County Championship. Brian Bolus was in his first season as captain. Brian Bolus scored most runs overall, although Michael Page scored most in the County Championship.
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He founded the Harry Bolus Professorship at the University of Cape Town and left a large trust for scholarships. He also donated his extensive herbarium and library to the South African College. He was one of the founding Members of the South African Philosophical Society. Harry Bolus loved visiting England and made a total of 28 voyages (14 each way) to and from South Africa.
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Lawson was interested in succulent plants and was encouraged by Archdeacon Frederick A. Rogers to collect specimens. Lawson prepared herbarium specimens and presented plants for identification to Maria Wilman, who was then director of the McGregor Museum in Kimberley. Wilman passed some of Lawson's specimens on to the Bolus Herbarium in Cape Town. The species Ruschia lawsonii (Perdevygie) was named after him by Louisa Bolus.
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Example 6 shows bolus control on this screen. The insulin to carbohydrate ratio is stored in the pump as a function of the meal eaten (time of day). This screen selects grams of carbohydrate as the input parameter from the user, such that the pump can calculate the insulin bolus desired from the grams entered and the insulin to carb ratio that is stored.
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They mainly feed on seeds, shrubs, grass, fruit and flowers; occasionally they also eat insects such as locusts. Lacking teeth, they swallow pebbles that act as gastroliths to grind food in the gizzard. When eating, they will fill their gullet with food, which is in turn passed down their esophagus in the form of a ball called a bolus. The bolus may be as much as .
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Diagram explaining the basal-bolus insulin schedule. The long acting insulin is given once (usually glargine, Lantus) or twice (usually detemir, Levemir) daily to provide a base, or basal insulin level. Rapid acting (RA) insulin is given before meals and snacks. A similar profile can be provided using an insulin pump where rapid acting insulin is given as the basal and premeal bolus insulin.
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The tongue is then elevated to the roof of the mouth (by the mylohyoid (mylohyoid nerve—V3), genioglossus, styloglossus and hyoglossus (the rest XII)) such that the tongue slopes downwards posteriorly. The contraction of the genioglossus and styloglossus (both XII) also contributes to the formation of the central trough. 4) Movement of the bolus posteriorly At the end of the oral preparatory phase, the food bolus has been formed and is ready to be propelled posteriorly into the pharynx. In order for anterior to posterior transit of the bolus to occur, orbicularis oris contracts and adducts the lips to form a tight seal of the oral cavity.
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Captain John Smith was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River. The "Red river", was named after the clay color, and is considered the "old Bolus", as other branches were also labeled Bolus on maps. As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a major path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch, and four others operating around the mouth in 1723. The Patapsco River is referred to as The River of History as it is regarded as the center of Maryland’s Industrial Revolution beginning in the 1770s.
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The placement of the bolus dose depends on the systemic levels of the contents desired throughout the body. An intramuscular injection of vaccines allows for a slow release of the antigen to stimulate the body's immune system and to allow time for developing antibodies. Subcutaneous injections are used by heroin addicts (called 'skin popping', referring to the bump formed by the bolus of heroin), to sustain a slow release that staves off withdrawal symptoms without producing euphoria. A bolus delivered directly to the veins through an intravenous drip allows a much faster delivery which quickly raises the concentration of the substance in the blood to an effective level.
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The Compton Herbarium was founded after the Bolus Herbarium moved from Kirstenbosch to the campus of the University of Cape Town. Prof. Robert Harold Compton, the second director of Kirstenbosch, kept a small herbarium in his office since 1937. In 1940, this was moved to where the Bolus Herbarium had once stood. Later, the Iziko South African Museum Herbarium and the Stellenbosch Government Herbarium were transferred here as well.
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The tribe does have a node-based definition: the crown clade originating from the most recent common ancestor of Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms and Sophora davidii (Franch.) Pavol..
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They gently moved their heads side-to-side, and once this motion stopped, switched to using their mandibles to form the bolus before bringing it into their mouths.
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In 1960, with his future wife, Margarete “Gretel” Stadler and the artist Max Strack, Eisch formed the group RADAMA.“Erwin Eisch 80th Birthday Celebration”, Accessed 7/30/09 RADAMA became notorious for publishing a biography of a fictitious abstract painter, Bolus Krim, and holding a memorial exhibition of the "prematurely deceased" artist's work. The Malura Gallery in Munich mounted "In Memory of Bolus Krim" in 1961. According to Eisch the exhibition was intended to reveal “the failure of the avante garde of the time.” Accessed 7/30/09 Bolus Krim's work, of course, was actually that of the RADAMA members; Eisch showed a number of his glass pieces along with his paintings and sculpture.
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View of the valley from Ellicott City John Smith was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River. The "Red river", was named after the clay color, and is considered the "old Bolus", as other branches were also labelled Bolus on maps. As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a major path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch, and four others operating around the mouth in 1723. The Patapsco valley was used as the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's original main line west constructed from 1829 onwards, and this route remains, though much altered.
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Strumaria unguiculata is a plant species endemic to Western Cape Province in South Africa.Snijman, Deidré Anne. 1994. Contributions of the Bolus Herbarium 16: 107 (1994).Winsome Fanny Barker. 1935.
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The National Herbarium Library was renamed the Mary Gunn Library in her honour in 1970. In 1976 the Botanical Society of South Africa awarded Gunn the Harry Bolus Medal.
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In radiation therapy, bolus is a waxy tissue equivalent material placed on the skin surface to homogenize or modulate the range of the dose from external beams of radiation.
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Any food that is too dry to form a bolus will not be swallowed. 3) Trough formation A trough is then formed at the back of the tongue by the intrinsic muscles (XII). The trough obliterates against the hard palate from front to back, forcing the bolus to the back of the tongue. The intrinsic muscles of the tongue (XII) contract to make a trough (a longitudinal concave fold) at the back of the tongue.
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In medicine, a bolus (from Latin bolus, ball) is the administration of a discrete amount of medication, drug, or other compound within a specific time, generally within 1 - 30 minutes, in order to raise its concentration in blood to an effective level. The administration can be given by injection: intravenously, intramuscularly, intrathecally, subcutaneously, or by inhalation. The article on routes of administration provides more information, as the preceding list of ROAs is not exhaustive.
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This facilitates the "borrowing" of the basal insulin and including it into the bolus spike to deliver the same total insulin with faster action than can be achieved with spike and basal rate together. The super bolus is useful for certain foods (like sugary breakfast cereals) which cause a large post- prandial peak of blood sugar. It attacks the blood sugar peak with the fastest delivery of insulin that can be practically achieved by pumping.
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Edward John Bolus (born 5 May 1879) was a poet and writer, civil servant, and clergyman. He spent his civil service career in India, which appears prominently in his writing.
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In radiation therapy, bolus is a material which has properties equivalent to tissue when irradiated. It is widely used in practice to reduce or alter dosing for targeted radiation therapy.
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Several botanists bequeathed their collections of flora and books to the Bolus Herbarium. Among them were Dr. C. Louis Leipoldt in 1946, Fourcade in 1948, and Gen. Jan Smuts in 1950.
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To determine the influence of gender and injection site on the amount of injectate needed to medialize an immobile vocal fold, and to describe the distribution patterns of the injected bolus.
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The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food and helping to create a food bolus. The lubricative function of saliva allows the food bolus to be passed easily from the mouth into the esophagus. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, also called ptyalin, which is capable of breaking down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin that can be further broken down in the small intestine. About 30% of starch digestion takes place in the mouth cavity.
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Engel Reinhoudt (26 January 1946 – 11 July 2020) was a Dutch troubadour and dialect writer. His nickname was 'de Zeêuwse Bard'. Reinhoudt was born in Wolphaartsdijk and later lived in ’s-Heerenhoek.In memoriam Engel Reinhoudt (1946-2020): ‘Hij kreeg een zaal altijd plat’ Reinhoudt was best known for composing and singing songs in Zeelandic; a Dutch dialect spoken in the province Zeeland. His best known song is “ Een bolus bie de koffie” (Coffee with a bolus).
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The data from one study suggests that immediate administration of 100 ml intravenous bolus of 3% hypertonic saline was more effective at normalizing blood sodium levels than oral administration for asymptomatic EAH.
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Irritation can be caused by GERD, vomiting, surgery, medications, hernias, and radiation injury. Inflammation can cause the esophagus to narrow, which makes swallowing food difficult and may result in food bolus impaction.
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The Bihari Brothers appear as characters in the 2019 Netflix film Dolemite Is My Name: Aleksandar Filimonovic plays Joe, Ivo Nandi plays Julius, Michael Peter Bolus portrays Lester, and Kazy Tauginas portrays Saul.
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Water-bolus treatment can help in times of increased orthostatic stress. Patients drink two 8 ounce glasses of cold water rapidly, which will increased standing blood pressure for a short amount of time.
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The volume at this point is the correction volume. Calculation of correction volume in emka TECHNOLOGIES iox2 Software Admittance techniques offer an alternative to the saline bolus as a means of determining GP.
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The solids lump together to form a bolus (or cud), and is regurgitated. When the bolus enters the mouth, the fluid is squeezed out with the tongue and swallowed again. Ingested food passes to the rumen and reticulum where cellulytic microbes (bacteria, protozoa and fungi) produce cellulase, which is needed to break down the cellulose in plants. Perissodactyls, in contrast to the ruminants, store digested food that has left the stomach in an enlarged cecum, where it is fermented by bacteria.
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Peristalsis animation Peristalsis is one of the patterns that occur during and shortly after a meal. The contractions occur in wave patterns traveling down short lengths of the GI tract from one section to the next. The contractions occur directly behind the bolus of food that is in the system, forcing it toward the anus into the next relaxed section of smooth muscle. This relaxed section then contracts, generating smooth forward movement of the bolus at between 2–25 cm per second.
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A Zeeuwse bolus () or Zeeuwse bolussen is a sweet pastry of Jewish origin from the Dutch province of Zeeland and also French. They are made by baking a white bread dough rolled in dark brown sugar in a spiral shape, lemon zest (rare and only in some parts of the region) and cinnamon. The shape of a bolus differs between bakers. They are often eaten with coffee, and in some parts of the region the flatter underside is covered with butter.
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Vigilante is an insecticide used with both dairy and beef cattle to reduce the number of flies in an agricultural area. It is usually formatted as a 50-gram bolus containing 9.7% diflubenzuronUniroyal Chemical: EPA product sheet for Vigilante, 2001-09-27, an insect growth regulator which inhibits the formation of chitin and prevents insects from reproducing. The bolus is administered via balling gun. It is effective in reducing populations of horn flies and face flies for approximately 10-16 weeks.
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Sympathectomy under CT guidance. The patient lies on his stomach. In the first picture the injection needle is visible with its tip behind the aorta. The second image shows the distribution contrast with lysis bolus.
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The bolus is seen as an originally Jewish pastry and has been spread all over the globe during the diaspora. Boluses also get sold in Jerusalem, Moscow and in Paris and the south of France.
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Cylindrophyllum comptonii is classified under the genus Cylindrophyllum. It belongs to the tribe Ruschiae, subfamily Ruschioideae of the family Aizoaceae. It was first described by the South African botanist Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus in 1932.
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Although dubbed the inventor of the first flying machine, no documentation of his work exists. Some fynbos species from the Bredasdorp area were named after him: Gladiolous guthriei, Erica guthriei and Homoglossum guthriei, as well as the genus Guthriea Bolus. Cyrtanthus guthrieae was named after his daughter Louisa Guthrie, who was also a botanist. The new genus Guthriea was collected by Harry Bolus from Oudeberg in the Graaff-Reinet district, and also recorded from the Wittebergen in the Barkly East district and Mont-aux-Sources in Natal.
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Frances was born in King William's Town and educated at Rhodes University between 1927 and 1931. She graduated with an M.Sc., subsequently joining the staff of the Bolus Herbarium in 1931 and remaining until 1947. Her primary interest was the monocots, leading to a revision of Ornithogalum (1944-5) and Agapanthus, and monographs published on the two taxa. At the Bolus Herbarium she met William Edwyn Isaac, a young Welsh botanist, whom she married in 1936 - a union that lasted until his death in 1995.
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While visiting Cape Town in January 1915 she showed some flower illustrations to Louisa Bolus who was struck by their quality, and persuaded her to work at the Bolus Herbarium, an association which lasted until her death. Most of her illustrations dealt with Aizoaceae, but she also depicted Iridaceae and orchids. Many of her paintings appeared in Flowering Plants of Africa and were used in books by Hans Herre. A handbook on culinary herbs written by her was published by the Royal Horticultural Society.
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Insulin pumps are a reasonable solution for some. Advantages to the person are better control over background or basal insulin dosage, bolus doses calculated to fractions of a unit, and calculators in the pump that may help with determining bolus infusion dosages. The limitations are cost, the potential for hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes, catheter problems, and no "closed loop" means of controlling insulin delivery based on current blood glucose levels. Insulin pumps may be like 'electrical injectors' attached to a temporarily implanted catheter or cannula.
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In the case of MLA's NLIS the movement of certain species of livestock (primarily cattle, goats and sheep) must be recorded in the online database within 24 hours of the movement; and include the PICs of the properties the animals are travelling between. The National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) of Australia regulations require that all cattle be fitted with a RFID device in the form of an ear tag or rumen bolus (a cylindrical object placed in the rumen)Rumen bolus system pays off , Queensland Country Life.
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In veterinary medicine a bolus is a large time-release tablet that stays in the rumen of cattle, goats, and sheep. It can also refer to a dose of liquid injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats. Before it is fully absorbed, which can take several minutes or longer, the liquid remains in the form of a bolus, a ball or lump under the animal's skin.
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Strelitzia 14.: i-vi, 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. The genus name is a tribute to the South African botanist Neville Stuart Pillans, who brought the species to the attention of Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus.
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2nd ed. Cornell Univ. Press. 476 pp. (Other important rumen organisms include some archaea, which produce methane from carbon dioxide.) The bolus is periodically regurgitated back to the mouth as cud for additional chewing and salivation.
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Gadoterate does not cross the intact blood-brain barrier, so it does not affect or enhance normal brain tissue in imaging. Dotarem is administered through an intravenous bolus injection, either manually or through a power injection.
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It occurs from Montagu in the west, to Prince Albert in the north, and eastwards as far as Port Elizabeth. Perry, P.L. (1994) A Revision of the Genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae). Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town.
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3.1, (Stuttgart) 1897:676–677, s.v. "Bolos 3". The Suda, and Eudocia after him,Suda, Bolus, β482; cf. Eudocia mention a Pythagorean philosopher of Mendes in Egypt, who wrote on marvels, potent remedies, and astronomical phenomena.
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Bolus (, also Romanized as Bolūs) is a village in Meshgin-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 308, in 60 families.
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White-throated Swifts at Capistrano. The Condor [Internet]. [cited 2018 Oct 4]; 9(6): 169–172. . Adult swifts nourish their nestlings by carrying a bolus of arthropods in their buccal cavity, and feeding it to the young.
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Vagrant is related, through his sire, to two other early Kentucky Derby winners, Hindoo (1881) and Ben Ali (1886).Jim Bolus, Run for the Roses: 100 years at the Kentucky Derby. Hawthorn Books, INC. New York, 1974.
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It is a predator, hunting mainly by night, feeding on a range of invertebrates including worms, slugs, spiders, small moths and woodlice, as well as carrion. The prey is caught in the mandibles which are also used to cut and together with the front legs to manipulate the food into a bolus. The bolus is repeatedly chewed and swallowed, emerging covered with a brown secretion from the foregut, until it is reduced to a liquid which is digested. Skin (in the case of earthworms) and hard materials (from arthropods) are left.
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Pair of jays feeding their nestlings The Canada jay is a "scatterhoarder", caching thousands of food items during the summer for use the following winter, and enabling the species to remain in boreal and subalpine forests year round. Any food intended for storage is manipulated in the mouth and formed into a bolus that is coated with sticky saliva, adhering to anything it touches. The bolus is stored in bark crevices, under tufts of lichen, or among conifer needles. Cached items can be anything from carrion to bread crumbs.
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2) Mastication Food is mechanically broken down by the action of the teeth controlled by the muscles of mastication (V3) acting on the temporomandibular joint. This results in a bolus which is moved from one side of the oral cavity to the other by the tongue. Buccinator (VII) helps to contain the food against the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. The bolus is ready for swallowing when it is held together by saliva (largely mucus), sensed by the lingual nerve of the tongue (VII—chorda tympani and IX—lesser petrosal) (V3).
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When a person eats food containing carbohydrates and glucose, insulin helps regulate the body's metabolism of the food. Prandial insulin, also called mealtime or bolus insulin, is designed as a bolus dose of insulin prior to a meal to regulate the spike in blood glucose that occurs following a meal. The dose of prandial insulin may be static, or may be calculated by the patient using either their current blood sugar, planned carbohydrate intake, or both. This calculation may also be performed by an insulin pump in patients using a pump.
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People with insulin-dependent diabetes typically require some base level of insulin (basal insulin), as well as short-acting insulin to cover meals (bolus also known as mealtime or prandial insulin). Maintaining the basal rate and the bolus rate is a continuous balancing act that people with insulin-dependent diabetes must manage each day. This is normally achieved through regular blood tests, although continuous blood sugar testing equipment (Continuous Glucose Monitors or CGMs) are now becoming available which could help to refine this balancing act once widespread usage becomes common.
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After his emigration to South Africa in 1935, he resumed his collecting work, for the herbarium collections of South African National Biodiversity Institute and the Bolus Herbarium until 1957. Double-flowered Oxalis compressa He worked with Robert Stephen Adamson, with whom he published the Flora of the Cape Peninsula in 1950. He was employed at the Bolus Herbarium until 1960, during which time he became a specialist on the Cape flora, in particular the genus Oxalis. He died in Cape Town at an age of 86 years old.
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Initial pricing (AWP) is $58,000 per reversal (800 mg bolus + 960 mg infusion, $3,300 per 100 mg vial) which is higher than reversal agents for other DOAC agents (idarucizumab for use in dabigatran reversal is $4,200 per reversal).
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Acute adrenal insufficiency is a medical emergency and needs to be treated with injectable hydrocortisone and fluid support. # 1L of 0.9% saline over 30-60 min with 100mg of i.v. Bolus hydrocortisone. # Continuous infusion of saline within 24hours with 100mg I.m.
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Panic attack symptoms can be experimentally induced in the laboratory by various means. Among them, for research purposes, by administering a bolus injection of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin- tetrapeptide (CCK-4). Various animal models of panic attacks have been experimentally studied.
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Thoday was Harry Bolus professor of botany, University of Cape Town and later professor at the University College of North Wales 1923–1949. As a botanist, his work is denoted by the author abbreviation Thoday when citing a botanical name.
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Harry Bolus corresponded widely with his contemporaries, including a number of famous people such as the Victorian naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, the English botanist and explorer Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker and the South African writer and poet C. Louis Leipoldt.
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Ceratandra is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 6 known species, all endemic to South Africa.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families #Ceratandra atrata (L.) T.Durand & Schinz #Ceratandra bicolor Sond. ex Bolus #Ceratandra globosa Lindl.
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In the BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 2 trial, insulin degludec was studied as an alternative to insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 995 patients were randomized to receive either insulin degludec (n=755) or insulin glargine (n=251), in addition to either mealtime insulin aspart, metformin, and/or pioglitazone. Patients in this trial had an average HbA1c of 8.3–8.4%, and 49–50% were on a regimen consisting of basal-bolus insulin plus oral antidiabetic medications. After 52 weeks, insulin degludec was found to be noninferior to insulin glargine, providing a similar HbA1c lowering effect (−1.10 vs. −1.18%).
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She worked as an assistant to her great-uncle Harry Bolus in his herbarium while she was in college. In June 1913 she became a founding member of the council of the Botanical Society of South Africa; she was also a founding member of the Wild Life Protection Society, and a fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa, the Linnean Society, and the Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science. She was appointed curator of the Bolus Herbarium in 1903, and retired from that position in 1955. She hired botanical artist Louise Guthrie as a staff member at the herbarium.
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The Shangqing classic Jianjing (劍巠, Sword Scripture) compares several shijie alchemical preparations and says the lingwan (靈丸, Numinous Bolus) elixir is the only one that permits the adept to return home without changing his or her name. The Zhen'gao Appendix to the Jianjing describes the range of different techniques. > Those who manage to escape by means of the corpse through the use of other > medicines and are not transformed by means of the Numinous Bolus may not, in > any case, return to their hometowns, for the Three Offices would detain > them. There are those who die and revive.
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The surface of the leaves are glabrous and rough to the touch. According to the Red List of South African Plants, the species is of least ecological concern. It was first described in the Journal of Botany, British and Foreign by Harry Bolus.
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Emphasizes the Bolus palm: Sport vernacular Cantabria in San Mateo has the PB Rebujas-Cagigas Solar as well as a Training School. Its main activities are: Regional Cadet Championship, Championship Base Cagigas-Solar Championship Veterans Memorial "Romualdo Garcia evil" and Social Championship.
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The tetrahydroisoquinolinium class of neuromuscular blocking agents, in general, is associated with histamine release upon rapid administration of a bolus intravenous injection.Bevan DR. (1992) "Curare". In: Maltby JR, Shephard DAE (Eds.), Harold Griffith—His Life and Legacy; Suppl. to Can J Anaesth Vol.
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There appears to be an overlap in plasma concentrations required for therapeutic efficacy and those associated with adverse effects. Rapid bolus infusion of acecainide has been associated with serious hypotension and a maximum infusion rate of 50 mg/min has been suggested.
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It is indigenous to granite or sandstone soils in the Western Cape, South Africa. It occurs from the Olifants River mountains as far as the town of Albertinia.Perry, P.L. (1994) A Revision of the Genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae). Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town.
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Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town. Knowledge of North American Pacific algae begins with the 1791–95 expedition of Captain George Vancouver (Papenfuss,1976 p. 21).Papenfuss, G.F. pp.21–46 Landmarks in Pacific North American Marine Phycology in Abbott, I.A. and Hollenberg, G.J. 1976.
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Bolus was born in Burgersdorp, Cape Province, South Africa, on 31 July 1877. She was the daughter of William Kensit and Jane Stuart Kensit. Her parents were both British-born. Her grandfather William Kensit was a serious amateur botanist and specimen collector in South Africa.
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Genera Orchidacearum 2: 1-416. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford. Species accepted as of June 2014: #Pterygodium acutifolium Lindl. \- Cape Province #Pterygodium alatum (Thunb.) Sw. \- Cape Province #Pterygodium caffrum (L.) Sw. \- Cape Province #Pterygodium catholicum (L.) Sw. \- Cape Province #Pterygodium cleistogamum (Bolus) Schltr.
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Insulin degludec was studied as an alternative to insulin glargine as part of a basal-bolus regimen in the BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 1 trial. 629 patients with type 1 diabetes were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to either insulin degludec (n=472) or insulin glargine (n=157) in addition to mealtime insulin aspart. Patients in the degludec treatment arm were switched from their basal insulin to insulin degludec in a 1:1 ratio, with a 20-30% dose reduction in patients receiving multiple basal doses per day. After 52 weeks, patients treated with insulin degludec produced a similar reduction in HbA1c (0.40% vs.
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Frank Bolus (2 November 1864 – 15 September 1939) played first-class cricket for Somerset in 10 matches in the 1893 and 1894 seasons. He was born at Wolverhampton and died at Coventry. Bolus was used by Somerset as a lower- order right-handed batsman, and bowled only three overs in his 10 games for the county, although he took a wicket in a non-first-class match for Somerset against the 1894 South Africans played after his last first-class match for the team. A surviving scorecard from a club match involving Frome Cricket Club suggests that at club cricket level he was regarded as an all-rounder.
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Next, the superior longitudinal muscle elevates the apex of the tongue to make contact with the hard palate and the bolus is propelled to the posterior portion of the oral cavity. Once the bolus reaches the palatoglossal arch of the oropharynx, the pharyngeal phase, which is reflex and involuntary, then begins. Receptors initiating this reflex are proprioceptive (afferent limb of reflex is IX and efferent limb is the pharyngeal plexus- IX and X). They are scattered over the base of the tongue, the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, the tonsillar fossa, uvula and posterior pharyngeal wall. Stimuli from the receptors of this phase then provoke the pharyngeal phase.
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She was offered a scholarship to complete a MSc in botany but declined in favour of the Edward Muspratt Solly Scholarship offered by the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, starting in 1929. Agapanthus africanus During the two years of her scholarship, Barker was supervised by H.M.L. Bolus in her studies including taxonomy, herbarium maintenance and fieldwork. She spent from February 1931 to July 1933 at Kew Gardens broadening her herbarium experience. She returned to Kirstenbosch in 1933 and was appointed Botanical Assistant to the Director working in the Bolus Herbarium, until it was agreed to relocate it to the University of Cape Town in 1934 (the relocation only happened in 1938).
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Rose bengal is also used in animal models of ischemic stroke (photothrombotic stroke models) in biomedical research. A bolus of the compound is injected into the venous system. Then the region of interest (e.g., the cerebral cortex) is exposed and illuminated by LASER light of 561 nm.
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Prior to initiation, an IV bolus of heparin is given and measured to ensure that the ACT is between 300 and 350 seconds. Once the ACT is between this range, ECMO can be initiated and a heparin drip will be started after as a maintenance dose.
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Parents carry food to the nest as a large bolus in the throat. They regurgitate it onto the nest, whereupon it is picked up and eaten by the nestlings. Food is usually regurgitated in small parts for young nestlings, and as one large mass for older nestlings.
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Oral food processing in two herbivorous lizards, Iguana iguana (Iguanidae) and Uromastyx aegyptius (Agamidae). Journal of Morphology 148:363-390 In fact, in Ctenosaura pectinata, many leaves found in the stomach were folded into a bolus, likely to increase the amount of food that the animal can consume.
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When a particle is found, it is gathered in and thrust into the ambulacral groove by all three tube feet. Here it is formed into a bolus with mucus and moved down to the mouth by the actions of the cilia, being retained in the groove by the lappets.
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Churchill- Livingstone, New York, 1990Okpako, D.T. Principles of Pharmacology: A Topical Approach. Cambridge University Press. 1991. If the same drug is administered as a bolus (medicine) with a single injection, peak concentration is achieved almost immediately and then the concentration declines exponentially. Most drugs are taken by mouth.
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Contrast enhancement techniques for CTU vary from institution to institution. A common technique used at our institution and others is a double bolus, single phase imaging algorithm. Excretory phase imaging allows for not only evaluation of the ureteral lumen, but also periureteral abnormalities including external masses and lymphadenopathy.
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Bolus of Mendes (, Bōlos ho Mendēsios; fl. 3rd century BC) was a Hellenized Egyptian philosopher, a neo-Pythagorean writer of works of esoterica and medical works, who worked in Ptolemaic Egypt.Paul Kroh, ed. Lexikon der Antiken Autoren, (Stuttgart) 1972:111; Max Wellmann in Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol.
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Eriospermum pubescens occurs in renosterveld vegetation, in clay- rich soils across the southern Cape, South Africa. It occurs from Ceres in the north, southwards to Somerset West, and eastwards as far as Knysna.Perry, P.L. (1994) A Revision of the Genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae). Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town.
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Harry Bolus (28 April 1834 – 25 May 1911) was a South African botanist, botanical artist, businessman and philanthropist. He advanced botany in South Africa by establishing bursaries, founding the Bolus Herbarium and bequeathing his library and a large part of his fortune to the South African College (now the University of Cape Town). Active in scientific circles, he was a Fellow of the Linnean Society, member and president of the South African Philosophical Society (later the Royal Society of South Africa), the SA Medal and Grant by the SA Association for the Advancement of Science and an honorary D.Sc. from the University of the Cape of Good Hope. Volume 121 of Curtis's Botanical Magazine was dedicated to him.
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Thus, in older healthy adults it is not uncommon for the bolus to be adjacent to an open airway by pooling or pocketing in the pharyngeal recesses, for more time than in younger adults. Whereas older adults demonstrate a delay in the onset of specific pharyngeal events, such as opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) to permit bolus passage from the pharynx into the esophagus, an equally critical finding is that the range of UES opening is diminished. A scintigraphic study revealed increased pharyngeal residue with age, possibly related to the limited UES opening. Again, these findings indicate exposure of an open airway to material retained in the pharynx, increasing the risk for aspiration in older individuals.
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In the human digestive system, a bolus (a small rounded mass of chewed up food) enters the stomach through the esophagus via the lower esophageal sphincter. The stomach releases proteases (protein-digesting enzymes such as pepsin) and hydrochloric acid, which kills or inhibits bacteria and provides the acidic pH of 2 for the proteases to work. Food is churned by the stomach through muscular contractions of the wall called peristalsis – reducing the volume of the bolus, before looping around the fundus and the body of stomach as the boluses are converted into chyme (partially digested food). Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum of the small intestine, where the extraction of nutrients begins.
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Food in the GI tract is called a bolus (ball of food) from the mouth down to the stomach. After the stomach, the food is partially digested and semi-liquid, and is referred to as chyme. In the large intestine the remaining semi-solid substance is referred to as faeces.
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Manuel was sold to Frank Morel (through his agent J. Baker) as a four-year-old in October 1900 for $500 at the Morris Park sale.NY Times. Oct. 14, 1900 Manuel only raced for two seasonsJim Bolus,Race for the Roses: 100 years at the Kentucky Derby. Hawthorn Books, Inc.
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The nineteenth Derby was run on a sunny, clear day with a field of six horses.Jim Bolus,Run for the Roses: 100 years at the Kentucky Derby. Hawthorn Books Inc. 1974 A crowd of 10,000 spectators looked on in one of the biggest turnouts since the race's founding in 1875.
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Elwood (foaled 1901 in Missouri) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse that is best remembered for winning the 1904 Kentucky Derby and for being the first horse both bred and owned by a woman to win the Derby.Jim Bolus. Run for the Roses: 100 years at the Kentucky Derby. Hawthorn Books, INC.
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Harry Bolus and Anthony Hurt Wolley-Dod made the correct combination Felica cymbalariae in 1950. In 1973, Jürke Grau considered these names synonymous, agreed with Harvey's variety, but raised it to subspecies level, and so created Felicia cymbalariae subsp. ionops. The species is considered to be part of the section Neodetris.
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Rudolf Marloth referred to him as "the father of South African phytogeography". Harry Bolus and Peter MacOwan praised his meticulous collecting and his astounding zest in covering vast areas of the countryside. In total he collected over 200 000 specimens embracing some 8 000 species. He is commemorated in Dregea Eckl.
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However, since potassium dichromate is a strong oxidizer, numerous alcohol groups can be oxidized by kidney and blood filtration, producing false positives. During the initial absorption phase, arterial blood alcohol concentrations are higher than venous. After absorption, venous blood is higher. This is especially true with bolus dosing (Canadian term).
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Compartment-free modelling based on curve stripping does not suffer this limitation. The simplest PK compartmental model is the one-compartmental PK model with IV bolus administration and first-order elimination. The most complex PK models (called PBPK models) rely on the use of physiological information to ease development and validation.
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Nesiritide is only administered intravenously, usually by bolus, followed by IV infusion. For most adults and the elderly, a normal dosage is 2 mg/kg followed by a continuous IV infusion of 0.01 mg/kg/min. This may be increased every three hours for a maximum of 0.03 mg/kg/min.
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The infusion set is a thin plastic tube with a fine needle at the end. There are also newer "pods" which do not require tubing. It carries the insulin from the pump to the infusion site beneath the skin. It sends a larger amount before eating meals as "bolus" doses.
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He was very interested in Abstract expressionism and artists such as Morris Louis and Jackson Pollock. He also collected the work of Australian painter Sidney Nolan. He made collections of folk art from various continents. He was also interested in modern sculpturists such as William Turnbull, Naum Gabo, Michael Bolus and David Annesley.
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2: 184-93 (1918). Bolus paid tribute to her collecting in Vol. 2 of his Orchids of South Africa (1911) and described her as someone "who, in spite of delicate health, has been indefatigable in exploring the flora of her neighbourhood." In the seven years preceding her death, she became a helpless invalid.
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The food is masticated in the mouth of the parent into a bolus and then transferred to the infant for consumption. (Some other animals also premasticate.) Cattle and some other animals, called ruminants, chew food more than once to extract more nutrients. After the first round of chewing, this food is called cud.
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Bolus and Anthony Hurt Wolley- Dod assign the species to the genus Felicia in 1950, creating the combination Felicia aethiopica. Jürke Grau in his 1973 Revision of the genus Felicia (Asteraceae), considered tall these names synonymous, except for Aster ecklonis Less., that he considered a subspecies, calling it F. aethiopica subsp. ecklonis.
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His greatest contributions were in the field of plant taxonomy and he published extensively in Flowering Plants of Africa and Bothalia. Commemorated in the genus Radyera Bullock, Aridaria dyeri N.E.Br. and Hereroa dyeri L.Bol. His collected botanical specimens number over 6000 and are lodged in Pretoria, Grahamstown, Kew and the Bolus Herbarium.
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Intravenous anesthetic is delivered either by bolus doses or an infusion pump. There are also many smaller instruments used in airway management and monitoring the patient. The common thread to modern machinery in this field is the use of fail-safe systems that decrease the odds of catastrophic misuse of the machine.
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Image of a piece of food obstructing the esophagus, a complication in lymphocytic esophagitis Food bolus impaction is a common complication of lymphocytic esophagitis. This occurs when food is acutely obstructing the esophagus at an area of narrowing. It typically requires an endoscopic procedure in order to remove or dislodge the obstructing food.
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Katharine Saunders sent some 426 specimens to Kew during the period 1881 to 1889 - about 16 of these were named after her though most were later regarded as synonyms. Amongst these were Schrebera saundersiae Harv., Habenaria saundersiae Harv., Drimiopsis saundersiae Baker, Sisyranthus saundersiae N.E. Br., Dermatobotrys saundersii Bolus and Haemanthus katharinae Baker.
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Ultra Long Orbital WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on MATHEMATICS: Tethers Behave Highly Non-Keplerian and Unstable- Daniele Mortari With bolus designs, rotation of the cable interacting with the non-linear gravity fields found in elliptical orbits can cause exchange of orbital angular momentum and rotation angular momentum. This can make prediction and modelling extremely complex.
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One of the most common locations for a foreign body is the alimentary tract. It is possible for foreign bodies to enter the from the mouth, or from the rectum. The objects most commonly swallowed by children are coins. Meat impaction, resulting in esophageal food bolus obstruction is more common in adults.
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Diabetics and health care professionals use bolus to refer to a dosage of fast-acting insulin with a meal (as opposed to basal rate, which is a dose of slow-acting insulin or the continuous pumping of a small quantity of fast-acting insulin to cover the glucose output of the liver).
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Barker is commemorated in the names of several South African plants, including Leucadendron barkerae I. Williams, Haemanthus barkerae Snijman, Lachenalia barkeriana U. Mull.-Doblies, and Romulea barkerae M.P. de Vos. She described at least 50 species. Acrostemon barkerae Compton, Conophytum barkerae L. Bolus and Othonna barkerae Compton are named in her honour.
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These writings lack the mystical, philosophical elements of alchemy, but do contain the works of Bolus of Mendes (or Pseudo-Democritus), which aligned these recipes with theoretical knowledge of astrology and the classical elements.A History of Chemistry, Bensaude-Vincent, Isabelle Stengers, Harvard University Press, 1996, p13 Between the time of Bolus and Zosimos, the change took place that transformed this metallurgy into a Hermetic art. Philosophy – Alexandria acted as a melting pot for philosophies of Pythagoreanism, Platonism, Stoicism and Gnosticism which formed the origin of alchemy's character. An important example of alchemy's roots in Greek philosophy, originated by Empedocles and developed by Aristotle, was that all things in the universe were formed from only four elements: earth, air, water, and fire.
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Lingual papillae, particularly filiform papillae, are thought to increase the surface area of the tongue and to increase the area of contact and friction between the tongue and food. This may increase the tongue's ability to manipulate a bolus of food, and also to position food between the teeth during mastication (chewing) and swallowing.
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Cefodizime is available as an intramuscular injection or as an intravenous bolus or infusion and is usually given 1 or 2 times a day. In clinical trials, the most frequently used adult dosages ranged from 2 grams to 4 grams IM or IV per day given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses.
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The bioavailability of meloxicam is decreased when administered orally compared to an equivalent IV bolus dose. Use of oral meloxicam following a high-fat breakfast increases the mean peak drug levels by about 22%; however, the manufacturer does not make any specific meal recommendations. In addition, the use of antacids does not show pharmacokinetic interactions.
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Ommaya first reported the Ommaya reservoir in 1963. The reservoir is subcutaneous implant for repeated intrathecal injections, to treat hydrocephalus and malignant tumors. The reservoir was the first medical port to use silicone which is biologically inert and self-sealing. The Ommaya reservoir allows delivery of intermittent bolus injections for chemotherapy to the tumor bed.
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Lymphocytic esophagitis is a rare and poorly understood medical disorder involving inflammation in the esophagus. The disease is named from the primary inflammatory process, wherein lymphocytes are seen within the esophageal mucosa. Symptoms of the condition include difficulty swallowing, heartburn and food bolus obstruction. The condition was first described in 2006 by Rubio and colleagues.
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Approximately 5 to 10% of women with confirmed POI conceive a pregnancy after the diagnosis without medical intervention. The transdermal estradiol patch is commonly recommended due to several advantages. It provides the replacement by steady infusion rather than by bolus when taking daily pills. It also avoids the first-pass effect in the liver.
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Lifestyle changes in children diagnosed with LPR include dietary modifications to avoid foods that will aggravate reflux (e.g., chocolate or acidic and spicy food), altering positioning (e.g., sleeping on your side), modifying the textures of foods (e.g., thickening feeds to heighten awareness of the passing bolus), and eliminating the intake of food before bed.
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Use of succinylcholine infusion or repeated bolus administration increase the risk of Phase II block and prolonged paralysis. Phase II block occurs after large doses (>4mg/kg). This occurs when the post-synaptic membrane action potential returns to baseline in spite of the presence of succinylcholine and causes continued activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Byrd, Joan, "Erwin Eisch" (Catalog essay), Maurine Littleton Gallery, Washington, DC 1992, page 12 The ruse worked; art critics lavished praise on the exhibition and pronounced Krim a genius. Those duped by Bolus Krim were outraged when the hoax was revealed. Accessed 7/30/09 Eisch left the Munich art scene soon after the scandal.
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Pump, tubing, and catheter. The Deltec Cozmo and CozMore were a series of insulin pumps made by Smiths Medical used to treat diabetes. In 2009, the company announced that it would to stop selling the Cozmo. The pump was used to deliver basal insulin continuously, and bolus insulin at meal times by pressing the buttons.
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Ben Ali (1883 - c.1903) was the winner of the 1886 Kentucky Derby and was named after his owner, James Ben Ali Haggin, a man of Turkish heritage who had struck gold in the California Gold Rush of 1849.Jim Bolus, Run for the Roses: 100 Years at the Kentucky Derby, Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1974.
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Pink Star (foaled 1904 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse and was the winner of the 1907 Kentucky Derby. He was a grandson of 1883 Kentucky Derby winner Leonatus and his sire, Pink Coat, was an American Derby winner.Jim Bolus, Run for the Roses: 100 Years at the Kentucky Derby, Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1974.
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Judge Himes (1900 – after 1908) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse that was foaled in Kentucky and was the winner of the 1903 Kentucky Derby. He was a chestnut colt sired by imported Esher out of the mare Lullaby (by the great racer Longfellow).Jim Bolus, Run for the Roses: 100 years at the Kentucky Derby. Hawthorn Books, Inc. 1974.
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Historically, the term bolu or bolus was used only for medicinal earths and Armenian bole was used as an astringent, prescribed against diarrhea, dysentery, and bleeding. References to Armenian bole were made by Theophrastus, Dioscorides (c. 41–90 AD) and Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD). Externally, it was used in strengthening plasters, against dislocations of the joints.
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FIGURE 8. Selected images from a CT Urography protocol CT. 8a is an axial CT image from the renal parenchymal phase. There is a mildly enhancing soft tissue mass in the left renal pelvis (arrow) consistent with a transitional cell carcinoma. Figure 8b (coronal reformats) and 8c (left oblique coronal reformats) demonstrate the double bolus technique of CT Urography.
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In 1897 he set out on a trip from Port Elizabeth to Humansdorp, Knysna, George, Riversdale, Swellendam and Caledon districts, ending in Cape Town. Here he spent some time at the Bolus Herbarium. In 1905 he visited Rhodesia with the British Association, collecting at the Victoria Falls and the Matopos. In 1907, in the company of Prof.
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Some patients have fecal incontinence after combined chemotherapy and radiation. Biopsies to document disease regression after chemotherapy and radiation were commonly advised, but are not as frequent any longer. Current chemotherapy consists of continuous infusion 5-FU over four days with bolus mitomycin given concurrently with radiation. 5-FU and cisplatin are recommended for metastatic anal cancer.
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The rapid acting insulin is used as a bolus dosage. The action onsets in 15 minutes with peak actions in 30 to 90 minutes. Short acting insulin action onsets within 30 minutes with the peak action around 2 to 4 hours. Intermediate acting insulin action onsets within one to two hours with peak action of four to 10 hours.
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There is no absolute contraindication to the use of dexmedetomidine. It has a biphasic effect on blood pressure with lower readings at lower drug concentrations and higher readings at higher concentrations. Rapid IV administration or bolus has been associated with hypertension due to peripheral α2-receptor stimulation. Bradycardia can be a limiting factor with infusions especially in higher doses.
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Berissa (), also spelled Berisa, Verisa, or Verissa, was a city in the late Roman province of Pontus Polemoniacus, in Asia Minor, which Kiepert and W. M. RamsayW.M. Ramsay, The Historical Geography of Asia Minor (London 1890), vol. 4, p. 329 have identified with the modern village of Baulus (also known as Bolus), 25 kilometres south-west of Tokat.
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Fentanyl is being increasingly used due to its better safety profile, especially in renal impairment. As with other opiates, fentanyl can depress respiratory function. It can be given both as a bolus as well as constant infusion. Meperidine has been historically favored over morphine because of the belief that morphine caused an increase in sphincter of Oddi pressure.
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The CRH test uses recombinant human or bovine-sequence CRH, which is administered via a 100μg intravenous bolus dose. The sensitivity of the CRH test for detecting Cushing's disease is 93% when plasma levels are measured after fifteen and thirty minutes. However, this test is used only as a last resort due to its high cost and complexity.
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FIGURE 8. Selected images from a CT Urography protocol CT. 8a is an axial CT image from the renal parenchymal phase. There is a mildly enhancing soft tissue mass in the left renal pelvis (arrow) consistent with a transitional cell carcinoma. Figure 8b (coronal reformats) and 8c (left oblique coronal reformats) demonstrate the double bolus technique of CT Urography.
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The leaf of Eriospermum zeyheri for example, is a slightly lighter green above, and not reddish below; the leaf is held flat against the ground, and the flowers are also distinct. The leaf of Eriospermum breviscapumis fleshy and a more rounded heart-shape.Perry, P.L. (1994) A Revision of the Genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae). Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town.
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Karl August Otto Hoffmann reassigned Thunberg's species and made the combination Felicia namaquana in 1905. Harry Bolus and Anthony Hurt Wolley-Dod were not aware of Hoffmann's combination and claimed it for themselves in 1950. In 1973 Jürke Grau considered all of these name synonymous. The species is considered to be part of the section Neodetris.
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Without the help of microbes, ruminants would not be able to utilize nutrients from forages. The food is mixed with saliva and separates into layers of solid and liquid material. Solids clump together to form the cud or bolus. The cud is then regurgitated and chewed to completely mix it with saliva and to break down the particle size.
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Intermittent flow centrifugation works in cycles, taking blood, spinning/processing it and then giving back the unused parts to the donor in a bolus. The main advantage is a single venipuncture site. To stop the blood from coagulating, anticoagulant is automatically mixed with the blood as it is pumped from the body into the apheresis machine.
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The first Catholics to settle in Wake Forest were George Bolus and his wife in 1910. Soon after, the Wilkinson family moved to the area from New Orleans, becoming the second Catholic family in the town. Catholics who soon after settled in the town had to travel to Raleigh to attend mass. As more Catholics settled in the area, a traveling priest John A. Beshel, the Chaplain of the Nazareth Orphanage, occasionally celebrated mass in the living room of the home of the Bolus family, using a closet as a confessional. In 1938 St. Peter's Chapel, a Railroad chapel car built by the Catholic Extension Society of Chicago in 1892, was given to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh to use as a house of worship for Catholics in Wake Forest.
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Aspiration (defined as entry of material into the airway [trachea] thus passing below the vocal folds) and airway penetration (defined as entry of material into the laryngeal vestibule but not below the level of the vocal folds) (Figure 2) are believed to be the most significant adverse clinical outcomes of misdirected bolus flow. In older adults, penetration of the bolus into the airway occurs more often and to a deeper and more severe level than in younger adults. When the swallowing mechanism is functionally altered or perturbed in older people, such as with the placement of a nasogastric tube, airway penetration can be even more pronounced. A study examining this issue found that liquid penetrated the airway significantly more frequently when a nasogastric tube was in place in men and women older than 70 years.
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Further excavations followed in 1956 and 1957, and between 1959 and 1961. The stratigraphy includes layers from the Neolithic, Mesolithic, Upper Paleolithic, notably the Magdalenian and the Aurignacian periods and finally the Middle Paleolithic. More work followed in 1996 and 1997, when a dig led by Nicholas Conard, Michael Bolus and Andrew Kandel was conducted in the valley in front of the caves.
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Aggressive intravenous fluids are recommended in most types of shock (e.g. 1–2 liter normal saline bolus over 10 minutes or 20 ml/kg in a child) which is usually instituted as the person is being further evaluated. Colloids and crystalloids appear to be similar with respect to outcomes., Balanced crystalloids and normal saline also appear to be similar in critically ill patients.
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This plant was first described by Daniel Oliver in 1884, based on a specimen that had been collected by Harry Bolus on Michell's Pass near Ceres. Bertil Nordenstam, in his revision the tribe Senecioneae, erected the new genus Phaneroglossa, because of the many unusual features exhibited by P. bolusii, and the difficulty to determine its affinities to other species on morphological arguments.
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Between 1902 and 1907, with funding from the botanist Harry Bolus, he read medicine at Guy's Hospital in London and travelled in Europe, America and the East Indies. At times his health was poor. For a period of some six months during 1908, he was the personal physician of the American newspaper magnate, Joseph Pulitzer, aboard Pulitzer's yacht. Later Leipoldt's career was varied.
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He is one of the small band of captains to send off one of his own players, dismissing the Derbyshire and England paceman Alan Ward from the Queen's Park, Chesterfield, ground after Ward had declined to resume bowling. In his later after dinner speech career, Bolus opened with the line, "For those of you who saw me bat... let me apologise".
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Most of the watershed contains native mixed hardwood trees, but there is some impact from coal mining in its upper reaches. The upper reaches of the watershed are undeveloped. However, neighborhoods in the watershed include Mountain Lake Estates, Robinson Park, and Bolus subdivision. A pond known as Mountain Lake is in the upper reaches of the watershed of Mountain Lake Run.
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Mystacidium capense Mystacidium, abbreviated as Mycdm in horticultural trade, is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). It is native to eastern and southern Africa from Tanzania to South Africa.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesLindley, John. 1837. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 205-206 Species accepted as of June 2014: # Mystacidium aliciae Bolus \- South Africa # Mystacidium braybonae Summerh.
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"Ostanes", one of the magi accompanying Xerxes, was also said to have taught him.Tatian, Orat. cont. Graec. 17. "However, this Democritus, whom Tatian identified with the philosopher, was a certain Bolus of Mendes who, under the name of Democritus, wrote a book on sympathies and antipathies" – Owsei Temkin (1991), Hippocrates in a World of Pagans and Christians, p. 120. JHU Press.
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Eriospermum bayeri is indigenous to the south western Cape, in the Robertson Karoo, from Worcester eastwards into the western Little Karoo and northwards into the Tanqua Karoo. It is usually found on low, flat but rocky terrain, usually on shale, often in shale renosterveld vegetation.Perry, P.L. (1994) A Revision of the Genus Eriospermum (Eriospermaceae). Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town.
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Diflubenzuron can cause serious foliar injury to plants in the spurge family and certain types of begonia, particularly poinsettias, hibiscus and reiger begonia and should not be applied to these plant varieties. Diflubenzuron is used as a larvicide in the cattle farming industry. Sold under the name Vigilante, it is formulated as a bolus and is used to control fly populations.
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The flowering stem is 15–25 cm tall, with up to 11 flowers arranged in an umbel. Each flower has six narrow pink tepals with wavy edges.Nerine masonorum, retrieved 2013-10-15, and Nerine, retrieved 2013-10-15, in It flowers in late summer in cultivation, the first of the nerines to do so. The species was named by Louisa Bolus in 1930.
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Buchanan (1881 - c.1898) was an American thoroughbred racehorse and was the winner of the 1884 Kentucky Derby, Ripple Stakes and Clark Stakes. Buchanan had not achieved a race win before competing in the Kentucky Derby and by contemporary accounts was a difficult and unruly mount.Jim Bolus, Run for the Roses: 100 years at the Kentucky Derby, Hawthorne Books, Inc.
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William Henry Harvey, who merged several genera into Aster, created the name A. bergerianum in 1865. Harry Bolus and Anthony Hurt Wolley-Dod in 1950 assign the species to the genus Felicia, creating the combination Felicia bergeriana. Jürke Grau in his 1973 Revision of the genus Felicia (Asteraceae), considered all these names synonymous, but making a spelling error, quoting F. bergerana.
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Ugbomah's career flourished into the early 1980s producing such films as Oil Doom, Bolus '80 and The Boy is Good. Most of his films were shot in 16mm with the exception of The Mask. Later in his career Ugbomah turned to Yoruba video films. In 1988, he was appointed chairman of the Nigerian Film Corporation He died on 11 May 2019, at the age of 78.
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The approach of obtaining discrete arterial sampling was based on the observation that the bolus peak occurs with 5 minutes after injection, and that the latter part of the curve, in most cases, represent a single or bi- exponential curve. It implied that continuous arterial sampling was not necessary, and the discrete arterial blood samples were enough to obtain the continuous curves using an exponential model fit.
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The distinctive flame red is a striking feature of the mature style of Iznik pottery. It comes from an iron-rich red earth, or bole, found in Armenia. Armenian bole, also known as bolus armenus or bole armoniac, is an earthy clay, usually red, native to Armenia but also found in other places. The term Armenian was later referred to a specific quality of the clay.
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While in Kentani she started an extensive collection of all flora within a radius of 5 miles of the village. Her collecting led to a regular correspondence with botanists such as Peter MacOwan, Harry Bolus, HHW Pearson, Selmar Schonland and Illtyd Buller Pole-Evans. Her meticulous notes on the Kentani plants throughout the seasons were published in Ann. Bol. Herb. 5: 1-32 (1918).
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Management consists of vigilant observation over days to detect progression and, if required, of management of complications (e.g., hemorrhagic shock, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice from hemolyzed red blood cells). The subgaleal space is capable of holding up to 40% of a newborn baby's blood and can therefore result in acute shock and death. Fluid bolus may be required if blood loss is significant and patient becomes tachycardic.
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There are generally few or no symptoms. A bolus of worms may obstruct the intestine; migrating larvae may cause pneumonitis and eosinophilia. Adult worms have a lifespan of 1–2 years which means that individuals may be infected all their lives as worms die and new worms are acquired. Eggs can survive potentially for 15 years and a single worm may produce 200,000 eggs a day.
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No effects on the central nervous system have been seen with inhalation and oral exposure. Tests of repeated bolus dosages of 1-hexanol and 1-octanol showed potential for CNS depression and induced respiratory distress. No potential for peripheral neuropathy has been found. In rats, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) ranges from 200 mg/kg/day to 1000 mg/kg/day by ingestion.
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Frances Margaret Leighton (8 March 1909 – 8 January 2006) was a South African botanist and educator. After graduating from Rhodes University with her M.Sc degree in 1931, she worked at the Bolus Herbarium until 1947. Her primary research interests were focused on monocots, and her work impacted the Ornithogalum and Agapanthus. Leighton married fellow botanist William Edwyn Isaac in 1936, and the couple had three children.
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Targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound works in a similar fashion, with a few alterations. Microbubbles targeted with ligands that bind certain molecular markers that are expressed by the area of imaging interest are still injected systemically in a small bolus. Microbubbles theoretically travel through the circulatory system, eventually finding their respective targets and binding specifically. Ultrasound waves can then be directed on the area of interest.
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I.B. Pole Evans established a national collection of fungi in Pretoria after his appointment in 1905. The previously existing collections of MacOwan and Medley Wood comprised 765 specimens. By 1950 the collection included more than 35 000 fungal specimens. The collections of P.A. van der Bijl and L. Verwoerd were housed at Stellenbosch, and the P. MacOwan collection and Bolus herbarium collectionsat Cape Town.
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Whiskery was sold in 1927 to the Stone-Hancock-Woodward partnership for $60,000 for use as a stud horse. However, he proved to be sterile and was put back into training as a gelding. Whiskery did not achieve his previous racing success and was finally shipped in 1931 to the Charles Stone's Morven Stud in Charlottesville, Virginia for use as a saddle horse. Jim Bolus.
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P. major major larvae primarily feed upon caterpillars and treehoppers. Adult wasps can not ingest solid foods, only liquids and those foods that have been grounded up. The adults forage for prey and will return to the nest with the body of their catch. The female workers malaxate the prey, removing liquid from the bolus, and feed the solid remainder to the larvae in their cells.
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The portion of food, drink, or other material that will move through the neck in one swallow is called a bolus. Swallowing comes so easily to most people that the process rarely prompts much thought. However, from the viewpoints of physiology, of speech-language pathology, and of health care for people with difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), it is an interesting topic with extensive scientific literature.
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This analysis also made it possible to infer the chewing patterns of Pyrotherium. This would be dominated by the so-called phase 1, in which the mandible is tilted and directed mesially, while the cutting ridges of the molars were compressing the food bolus. Then a phase 2 was developed, in which the jaw moved laterally; this move seems to have been less significant.
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The results showed favourable outcomes from LO (five articles) for both these parameters. There was no significant difference between 'BBO and other schemes in terms of patient satisfaction and quality of life' in the remaining 13 articles. A possible explanation for this might be that LO penetrates the bolus better than BBO. From the patient's point of view, occlusal schemes are inconsequential compared to receiving the prosthesis.
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Although the peritrophic matrix is a very thin layer of compounds (type I matrixes reach a maximum thickness of 20 µm, type II matrixes reach a maximum thickness of 2 µm), it can withstand mechanical pressure strains up to 500 mmH2O. This capacity to expand prevents the food bolus from rupturing the delicate epithelial layer while assisting the passage of food through the gut.
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On-demand units are not advised for patients that experience oxygen desaturation due to sleep apnea, and a CPAP mask is generally advised for them. For patients whose desaturation is due to shallow breathing, the nighttime use of POCs is a useful therapy. Especially with the advent of alarms and technology that detects a patient's slower breathing during sleep and adjusts the flow or bolus size accordingly.
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At the same time, the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing a bolus of food to enter. Peristaltic contractions of the esophageal muscle push the food down the esophagus. These rhythmic contractions occur both as a reflex response to food that is in the mouth, and also as a response to the sensation of food within the esophagus itself. Along with peristalsis, the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.
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Vigilante was originally produced by American Cyanamid, and was the first larvicide marketed as a bolus. After the breakup of American Cyanamid, Vigilante was manufactured by Uniroyal Chemical and then by Chemtura.Chemtura: EPA product sheet for Vigilante. 2013-02-04 It is best used as part of an integrated pest management program in combination with other fly-control methods such as insecticidal tags, backrubbers, and periodic spraying.
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191 After graduating from Anchorage High School, Wetherby enrolled in the pre-law program at the University of Louisville. He was a letterman on the football team in 1927 and 1928; he also played second base on the baseball team in 1928 and 1929, and was a letterman in that sport in 1929.Bolus, p. 1932 He was later inducted into the university's Athletic Hall of Fame.
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Glucagon relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter and may be used in those with an impacted food bolus in the esophagus ("steakhouse syndrome"). There is little evidence for glucagon's effectiveness in this condition, and glucagon may induce nausea and vomiting, but considering the safety of glucagon this is still considered an acceptable option as long it does not lead to delays in arranging other treatments.
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For the pharyngeal phase to work properly all other egress from the pharynx must be occluded—this includes the nasopharynx and the larynx. When the pharyngeal phase begins, other activities such as chewing, breathing, coughing and vomiting are concomitantly inhibited. 5) Closure of the nasopharynx The soft palate is tensed by tensor palatini (Vc), and then elevated by levator palatini (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X) to close the nasopharynx. There is also the simultaneous approximation of the walls of the pharynx to the posterior free border of the soft palate, which is carried out by the palatopharyngeus (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X) and the upper part of the superior constrictor (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X). 6) The pharynx prepares to receive the bolus The pharynx is pulled upwards and forwards by the suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles – stylopharyngeus (IX), salpingopharyngeus (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X) and palatopharyngeus (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X) to receive the bolus.
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Feuding with then NWA World Heavyweight Champion Gene Kiniski in 1968, he lost two matches title matches to him on October 21 and again on December 16 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The following year, he would avenge his loss teaming with Earl Maynard to defeat Kiniski and Bad Boy Shields in a tournament final for the NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship in Vancouver on May 12, 1969. Continuing his long-running feud with Kiniski, he and Steve Bolus fought to a time limit draw against Kiniski and Angelo Mosca on January 26 and, with Tex McKenzie, defeated Gene Kiniski and Moose Morowski on April 28, 1970. Losing the title less than a month later to Dutch Savage and "Bulldog" Bob Brown on June 9, he and Steve Bolus defeated them on December 8 and held them until their defeat by Brown and John Quinn on February 9, 1970.
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In conventional chemotherapy, a dose close to the maximum tolerated dose is administered in a bolus manner to achieve cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. However, the side effects are often significant as the cytotoxic agents also kill the fast-dividing cells normally present in the body, such as bone marrow cells and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. A treatment break is thus required to allow recovery in these normal tissues.
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Protea pityphylla was first described by Edwin Percy Phillips in 1910. It was collected 27 years earlier, in 1883, by the British botanist A. A. Bodkin (collection #6089) at an elevation of 549 metres on the Michell's Pass through the Skurweberge. When his collections were studied at the Bolus Herbarium, they were first identified as 'Protea cf. canaliculata (in 1886), until Phillips recognised it as a new species.
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His interest in Verbenaceae led to his description of the family for Harvey & Sonder's Flora Capensis. In 1903 Pearson became the first Harry Bolus Professor of Botany at the South African College. In 1904 he set off for South West Africa on the first of several expeditions with the object of studying the monotypic Welwitschia. This expedition was cut short by the first of the so-called Herero Wars.
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As chewing continues, the food is made softer and warmer, and the enzymes in saliva begin to break down carbohydrates in the food. After chewing, the food (now called a bolus) is swallowed. It enters the esophagus and via peristalsis continues on to the stomach, where the next step of digestion occurs. Premastication is sometimes performed by human parents for infants who are unable to do so for themselves.
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Oreoleysera is a genus of South African flowering plants in the pussy's-toes tribe within the sunflower family.Bremer, Kåre. 1978. Botaniska Notiser 131: 450Tropicos, Leysera montana Bolus ;Species The only known species is Oreoleysera montana, native to South Africa.Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987.
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She graduated from the University of Cape Town, with a PhD. She was active in the description and classification of species of the family of the Iridaceae. She was an accomplised plant collector and added over 8000 plant specimens to herbaria. She was botanist at the Bolus Herbarium of the University of Cape Town for 2 years and then was appointed curator of the South African Museum Herbarium.
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Piece of intestine, blocked by worms, surgically removed from a 3-year-old boy in South Africa.Fincham, J., Dhansay, A. (2006). Worms in SA's children – MRC Policy Brief . Nutritional Intervention Research Unit of the South African Medical Research Council, South Africa The worms can occasionally cause intestinal blockage when large numbers get tangled into a bolus or they may migrate from the small intestine, which may require surgery.
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A specimen of leather leaves was collected by Harry Bolus in December 1894, on a mountain slope behind Houhoek, Caledon County, at an altitude of about . He called it Mairia coriacea in 1899. There are no synonyms known for this name. Common names that are in use for several Mairia species, including fire aster in English and pluimaster in Afrikaans, but the name leather leaves is only applied to Mairia coriacea.
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The vagal afferents are activated during the gastric phase of digestion when the corpus and fundus of the stomach are distended secondary to the entry of a food bolus. The stimulation of the mechanical receptors located in the gastric mucosa stimulates the vagus afferents. The completion of the reflex circuit by vagus efferents leads to the stimulation of postganglionic muscarinic nerves. These nerves release acetylcholine to stimulate two end effects.
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There is also another kind of pastry that is sold under the name Bolus or boles in the Netherlands. These are ginger boles, made of dough filled with ginger, and orangeade boles filled with orangeade and almond meal flavoured with orange and almonds. These boles are a golden yellow colour and in a paper form. They have to be eaten with a spoon because the syrup makes them very sticky.
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The Gordon's Bay pincushion was first described in 1856 by Carl Meissner, in his contribution on the Proteaceae in 1856 to the series Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis by Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, as L. oleaefolium var. brownii. In 1901, Michael Gandoger described L. bolusii, based on a specimen collected by Harry Bolus. Pauline Bond in 1941 distinguished L. album. John Patrick Rourke considered all of these synonymous.
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Mucin originates from the mucus secretions from submaxillary glands, which are salivary glands that are located under the floor of the mouth. The secreted mucin assists in digestion by coating the bolus such that it travels easily through the digestive tract. Mucins are constituents of one class of glycoproteins: sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, or mucoproteins. They have a high molecular weight and exist as either membrane-bound or secretory mucins.
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The most common method is the hypertonic saline technique which involves injecting a bolus of hypertonic saline into the ventricle to alter blood conductivity without affecting the surrounding muscle. Another less commonly used technique involves evacuating the ventricle of blood and measuring muscle conductance alone with a conductance catheter. Clearly both techniques are unreliable, somewhat invasive and fail to account for the continuous variation in Gm over the cardiac cycle.
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Much like indigestible molecules present in the food bolus, many toxins are too large to pass through the small pores of the peritrophic matrix. For example, some insects that are resistant to the insecticide DDT shed large amounts of the toxin in the peritrophic matrix. In addition, some smaller toxins bind with specific surface proteins present in the peritrophic matrix. This binding is particularly important for blood-feeding insects.
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Retrieved: 2010-08-14.Ruminal bolus Prionics Italia. Retrieved: 2010-08-14. before movement from the property and that the movement be reported to the NLIS. However, if animals are tagged for internal purposes in a herd or farm, IDs need not be unique in larger scales. The NLIS now also requires sheep and goats to use an ear tag that has the Property Identification Code inscribed on it.
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In December 1969, Austin and King Curtis Iaukea defeated Mario Milano and Spiros Arion for the IWA World Tag Team Championship, with their reign lasting until early 1970. In June 1971, Austin and Bob Orton defeated Archie Gouldie and Bob Geigel for the NWA North American Tag Team Championship. Their reign ended in August 1971 when they lost to Steve Bolus and Rufus R. Jones. Austin retired on March 30, 1977.
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Sometimes, opioid medication is administered by the patient themselves using a system called a patient controlled analgesic. The patient presses a button to activate a syringe device and receive a preset dose or "bolus" of the drug, usually a strong opioid such as morphine, fentanyl, or oxycodone (e.g., one milligram of morphine). The PCA device then "locks out" for a preset period to allow the drug to take effect.
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In the winter, snow is not a sufficient source of water for horses. Though they need a great deal of water, horses spend very little time drinking; usually 1–8 minutes a day, spread out in 2-8 episodes. Water plays an important part in digestion. The forages and grains horses eat are mixed with saliva in the mouth to make a moist bolus that can be easily swallowed.
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Their large stomach allows for heavy mixing of bolus after eating. Their stomach also maintains a relatively high pH range so the enzyme salivary amylase may continue to digest carbohydrates, starch, and glycogen from the food consumed. When there is inadequate water intake due to dry climates in the environment, these rodents produce concentrated urine and dry fecal matter to retain water so they may keep themselves hydrated.
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Map of the island Skellig Michael is a steep pyramidal rugged rock (or "crag") of on the Atlantic coast off the Iveragh peninsula of County Kerry. It is west north west of Bolus Head, at the southern end of Saint Finian's Bay. Its twin island, Little Skellig, is a mile closer to land, and far more inhospitable, because of its sheer cliff faces. The small Lemon Rock island is further inland.
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In a highly seasoned restaurant meal, intakes as high as 5000 mg or more may be possible (Yang et al. 1997). When very large doses of MSG (>5 g MSG in a bolus dose) are ingested, plasma glutamate concentration will significantly increase. However, the concentration typically returns to normal within two hours. In general, foods providing metabolizable carbohydrate significantly attenuate peak plasma glutamate levels at doses up to 150 mg/kg body weight.
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A common defense to an impaired driving charge (in appropriate circumstances) is that the consumption of alcohol occurred subsequent to driving. The typical circumstance where this comes up is when a driver consumes alcohol after a road accident, as an affirmative defense. This closely relates to absorptive stage intoxication (or bolus drinking), except that the consumption of alcohol also occurred after driving. This defense can be overcome by retrograde extrapolation (infra), but complicates prosecution.
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The following year he and Guthrie made their first visit to Kew, taking with them a large number of plant specimens for naming. Bolus described the period as 'forty happy days'. Returning in the Windsor Castle in October 1876, the ship struck a reef off Dassen Island with the loss of his specimens and notes. Not daunted, he set about the collection of new specimens and organised expeditions to various corners of South Africa.
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39 (1); 49–55. There are some exceptions to this rule, e.g., cisatracurium (Nimbex) is one such agent that does not elicit histamine release even up to 5xED95 bolus doses or continuous infusions. On the other hand, histamine liberation is not a domain exclusive to the tetrahydroisoquinolinium agents: in vitro data confirm that the aminosteroidal agents also have the potential to evoke histamine release, though the mechanisms of mast cell activation may differ.
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He claimed to have made a century once, but in fact this was while acting as a runner for Brian Bolus. Stevenson left Hampshire in 1984 and followed a career in an estate agency. In 1998 he returned to Derbyshire County Cricket Club when he was appointed Commercial Manager for the club, while remaining in the estate agents business for another ten years. He was also active on behalf of Duffield Cricket Club.
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The peritrophic matrix (from the prefix peri-, meaning around, and -trophic, referring to nutrition(food)) or peritrophic membrane is a semi-permeable, non-cellular structure which surrounds the food bolus in an organism's midgut. Although they are often found in insects, peritrophic matrixes are found in seven different phyla. The peritrophic matrix serves several functions, including improvement of digestion, protection against mechanical and chemical damage and serving as a barrier to infection by pathogens.
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It has long striated ducts and short intercalated ducts.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 135 The secretory acinar cells of the submandibular gland have distinct functions. The mucous cells are the most active and therefore the major product of the submandibular glands is saliva which is mucoid in nature. Mucous cells secrete mucin which aids in the lubrication of the food bolus as it travels through the esophagus.
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Sir Huon (foaled 1903 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse that was the winner of the 1906 Kentucky Derby and Latonia Derby. Sir Huon was named after a character in the German opera Oberon and was bred at George J. Long's stud farm, Bashford Manor Stable. He was sired by the great turf-racer Falsetto, who was greatly aged by then at near thirty years old, out of the mare Ignite (by Woodlands).Jim Bolus.
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This hilly grassland area can be described as the pathway of water from highland areas to the flatland areas flowing to the east through the gullies. The physical characteristic of the soil in the Kebar Valley has been described as sandy in texture with little coherence structure in the central and western regions, along with a sandy clay loam in coherent plastic bolus structure along the eastern region. Kebar Valley, with the Tamrau Mountains in the background.
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Hypoglycemia, whether known or suspected, can be treated with a mixture of sugar and water. If the child is conscious, the initial dose of sugar and water can be given by mouth.National Guidelines for the Management of Severely Malnourished Children in Bangladesh recommends, for initial hypoglycemia, a 50 milliliter bolus of 10% glucose or sucrose. This can also be achieved by added 1 rounded teaspoon of sugar to 10.5 teaspoons of water (which is 3.5 tablespoons of water).
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Normal colonic motility requires integration of myogenic, neural, and hormonal influences. The enteric nervous system is independent but is connected to the central nervous system by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The targets of the enteric neurons are muscle cells, secretory cells, endocrine cells, microvasculature, and inflammatory cells. The neurons in the enteric plexuses are stimulated by a food bolus, which both distends the gut and stimulates the mucosal surface, leading to the release of factors that stimulate interneurons.
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The feathers take a few days to begin to sprout, and the chicks are brooded by the parents until they are able to thermoregulate. On the whole, they develop slowly compared to other passerine birds. The parents do not usually feed the chicks individual insects, but instead feed a bolus of food comprising 10-100 insects. Regardless of whether the species has males that incubate or brood the chicks, the males of all hirundines help feed the chicks.
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As the doses used throughout the literature vary, it is difficult to form a conclusion regarding the benefit of naloxone in this setting. The mechanism for naloxone's proposed benefit in clonidine overdose is unclear, but it has been suggested that endogenous opioid receptors mediate the sympathetic nervous system in the brain and elsewhere in the body. Some poison control centers recommend naloxone in the setting of clonidine overdose, including intravenous bolus doses of up to 10 mg naloxone.
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Her specimens which numbered 2 000 were donated to the South African National Botanical Institute in Pretoria. In 1912, she was paid the exceptional honour of being made a member of the Linnaean Society. She was commemorated in Aloe peglerae, the genus Peglera Bolus (which became a synonym for Nectaropetalum Engl.), Chironia peglerae Prain, Chionanthus peglerae (C.H. Wr.) Stearn, and the fungi Puccinia pegleriana Doidge, Ravenalia peglerae Pole-Evans, Uromyces peglerae Pole-Evans, Ustilago peglerae Bubak & Syd.
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The tetrahydroisoquinolinium class of neuromuscular blocking agents, in general, is associated with histamine release upon rapid administration of a bolus intravenous injection. There are some exceptions to this rule; e.g., cisatracurium (Nimbex) is one such agent that does not elicit histamine release even up to 5xED95 doses. The liberation of histamine is a dose-dependent phenomenon such that, with increasing doses administered at the same rate, there is a greater propensity for eliciting histamine release and its ensuing sequelae.
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Prolonged infusions are thought to maximize the time that serum concentrations are above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacteria implicated in infection. Piperacillin-tazobactam is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence as first line therapy for the treatment of bloodstream infections in neutropenic cancer patients. For β-lactam antipseudomonal antibiotics, including piperacillin/tazobactam, prolonged intravenous infusion is associated with lower mortality than bolus intravenous infusion in persons with sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Vancomycin is usually given intravenously, as an infusion, and can cause tissue necrosis and phlebitis at the injection site if given too rapidly. Pain at site of injection is indeed a common adverse event. One of the side-effects is red man syndrome, an idiosyncratic reaction to bolus caused by histamine release. Some other side- effects of vancomycin are nephrotoxicity including kidney failure and interstitial nephritis, blood disorders including neutropenia, and deafness, which is reversible once therapy has stopped.
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Cud is a portion of food that returns from a ruminant's stomach to the mouth to be chewed for the second time. More accurately, it is a bolus of semi- degraded food regurgitated from the reticulorumen of a ruminant. Cud is produced during the physical digestive process of rumination. The idiomatic expression chewing one's cud means meditating or pondering; similar expressions such as "he chewed that over for a bit", or "chew on that!" likely have the same derivation.
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Acullico, chacchado, akulliku, acuyico (quechua word akullikuy), acusi, pijcho or mascada is a social, ritual and medicinal practice where a small bolus of coca is placed in the mouth between the cheek and jaw. It is a practice of various regions in South America, such as Northern Argentina, Northern Chile, Western Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia to reduce altitude sickness due to the lack of oxygen in the atmosphere in high altitudes, and reduce fatigue, hunger and indigestion.
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Untargeted microbubbles, such as the aforementioned SonoVue, Optison, or Levovist, are injected intravenously into the systemic circulation in a small bolus. The microbubbles will remain in the systemic circulation for a certain period of time. During that time, ultrasound waves are directed on the area of interest. When microbubbles in the blood flow past the imaging window, the microbubbles’ compressible gas cores oscillate in response to the high frequency sonic energy field, as described in the ultrasound article.
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3D animation of a subcutaneous injection A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous (as opposed to intravenous) injection of recreational drugs is referred to as "skin popping." Subcutaneous administration may be abbreviated as SC, SQ, sub-cu, sub-Q, SubQ, or subcut.
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The Skellig Islands (), once known as "the Skellocks", are two small, steep, and rocky islands lying about west of Bolus Head on the Iveragh Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. The larger of the two is Skellig Michael (also known as Great Skellig) which, together with Little Skellig, is at the centre of a Important Bird Area established by BirdWatch Ireland in 2000. Skellig Michael is also famous for an early Christian monastery that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Until 1998, in baking competitions, boluses were judged as well as bread, cakes and other pastries. Since 1998, every year during the "bolus week", on the Tuesday of the 12th week of the year, the Bolusbaking Championships Zeeland are held, organised by the Dutch Bakery Centre. Participating bakers may get eight boluses judged. A jury consisting of two bakers and two Zeelandia employees chooses the best ten products and the winner is chosen from these by the audience.
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A CT angiogram relies on timing the CT scan after a bolus of IV contrast is administered from a peripheral IV site. Since a CT angiogram has a sensitivity of 100% and less invasive due to the peripheral placement of the IV line than aortagraphy it is the primary imaging choice. This allows visualization of the aorta and provides precise locations of traumatic injury. A CT angiogram does show both direct and indirect signs of aortic injury.
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The big pots are often placed facing the street and next to the entrance such that the mouth-watering aroma is the best draw for the shop's business. Contrary to a common Westerners' disgust for these dishes due to cultural unfamiliarity and sanitary concerns, these offal items are very well cleaned. The pork intestines' tough inner skin (which is exposed to bolus and pre-fecal materials) is completely removed. Then, the intestine is exhaustively soaked, cleaned and rinsed.
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In addition, Scully is long time cattle rancher known for his research in the United States and abroad, e.g., Mongolia, into beef cattle production. This unlikely combination of activities and interests has resulted in his being dubbed the "quantum cowboy." In addition to his seven US Patents in laser physics, he holds a US Patent (5,198,222) titled "Time Release Bolus," which is a device for slowly delivering medicine or nutrients into the stomach of a cow.
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The diagnosis is based upon a biopsy of the mucosa of the esophagus, showing a characteristic appearance of inflammation involving lymphocytes, and the relative absence of another group of inflammatory cells, granulocytes. Complications of the disorder include stricture of the esophagus, which can lead to food bolus obstruction, and weight loss. Treatment of lymphocytic esophagitis includes medications meant to target the esophagus topically, such as budesonide, but also procedures to deal with complications, such as esophageal dilation.
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The most common symptom of lymphocytic esophagitis is dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, prevalent in 53 to 57% of individuals with the condition due to inflammation, narrowing or altered movement of the esophagus. Other symptoms include heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea and food bolus obstruction. Some patients may have no symptoms, as was found in a significant percentage of patients in the first description of the condition, although more recent reports indicate that the absence of symptoms is uncommon.
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Pulse dose (also called intermittent-flow or on-demand) POCs are the smallest units, often weighing as little as 5 pounds (2.2 kg). Their small size enables the patient to not waste energy gained from the treatment on carrying them. Here the unit intermittently administers a volume (or bolus) of oxygen in milliliters per breath (mL/breath). Their ability to conserve oxygen is key to keeping the units so compact without sacrificing the duration of oxygen supply.
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As enteric afferent and efferent nerves do not protrude into the intestinal lumen, EC cells act as a form of sensory transduction. Serotonin in the ENS acts in synergy with other digestive hormones to regulate sensory and motor gastrointestinal reflexes. EC cells respond to both chemical and neurological stimuli. They are also reactive to mechanosensation, which is the case in the peristaltic reflex of the gut, and can be stimulated by a bolus moving through the bowel.
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Basal rate, in biology, is the rate of continuous supply of some chemical or process. In the case of diabetes mellitus, it is a low rate of continuous insulin supply needed for such purposes as controlling cellular glucose and amino acid uptake. Together with a bolus of insulin, the basal insulin completes the total insulin needs of an insulin-dependent person. An insulin pump and wristop controller is one way to arrange for a closely controlled basal insulin rate.
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It may spread into the arm and back. The symptoms of nutcracker esophagus are intermittent, and may occur with or without food. Rarely, patients can present with a sudden obstruction of the esophagus after eating food (termed a food bolus obstruction, or the 'steakhouse syndrome') requiring urgent treatment. The disorder does not progress to produce worsening symptoms or complications, unlike other motility disorders (such as achalasia) or anatomical abnormalities of the esophagus (such as peptic strictures or esophageal cancer).
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This meal-associated (prandial) insulin production is roughly proportional to the amount of carbohydrate in the meal. Intensive or flexible therapy involves supplying a continual supply of insulin to serve as the basal insulin, supplying meal insulin in doses proportional to nutritional load of the meals, and supplying extra insulin when needed to correct high glucose levels. These three components of the insulin regimen are commonly referred to as basal insulin, bolus insulin, and high glucose correction insulin.
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Post-canine megadontia is associated with specific food material properties. This allows for great insight into the diets of early hominins that exhibited the trait. Post-canine megadontia is most commonly linked to diets rich in foods that are “small, chemically sealed, and resistant to bolus formation.” Having these larger teeth in comparison to the oral cavity size breaks down food particles more, which will increase the effectiveness of the natural processes of food processing that occur within the mouth.
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Two earlier studiesthe 1987 Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the 1995 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB)concluded, "there may be a small number of unstable asthmatics who respond to doses of 1.5–2.5 g of MSG in the absence of food". The FASEB evaluation concluded, "sufficient evidence exists to indicate some individuals may experience manifestations of CRS when exposed to a ≥3 g bolus dose of MSG in the absence of food".
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Endoscopy is also helpful in identifying people who are suitable for hospital discharge. Prokinetic agents such as erythromycin and metoclopramide can be given before endoscopy to improve endoscopic view. Either high- or low-dose PPIs are equally effective in reducing bleeding after endoscopy. High-dose intravenous PPI is defined as a bolus dose of 80 mg followed by an infusion of 8 mg per hour for 72 hours—in other words, the continuous infusion of PPI of greater than 192 mg per day.
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Maureen describes how her father taught her about motorcycles, and repairs Ben's bike after he retrieves necessary parts, adding a booster to it as well. Ben catches up to the Polecats at a rest area, but is too late: Ripburger murders Malcolm and frames the Polecats for the crime. Miranda manages to catch the murder on film, but her camera is snatched by Bolus. Before dying, Malcolm tells Ben of Ripburger's plan to take over Corley Motors and produce minivans instead of motorcycles.
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A. bifida is a suspension feeder, catching detritus and plankton with its pinnules as they float past. Larger particles are captured and held by the two larger tube feet of each group of three. Small particles adhere to the mucus they extrude and the smaller third foot helps to bundle these together to form a bolus. The food is then transferred to the ambulacral groove where it is moved towards the mouth by the current created by the cilia that line the groove.
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The eggs have a characteristic shape: they are oval with a thick, mamillated shell (covered with rounded mounds or lumps), measuring 35-50 micrometer in diameter and 40–70 in length. During pulmonary disease, larvae may be found in fluids aspirated from the lungs. White blood cells counts may demonstrate peripheral eosinophilia; this is common in many parasitic infections and is not specific to ascariasis. On X-ray, 15–35 cm long filling defects, sometimes with whirled appearance (bolus of worms).
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The gastric folds (or gastric rugae) are coiled sections of tissue that exist in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the stomach. They provide elasticity by allowing the stomach to expand when a bolus enters it; these folds stretch outward through the action of mechanoreceptors which respond to the increase in pressure. This allows the stomach to expand, therefore increasing the volume of the stomach without increasing pressure. These folds provide the stomach with increased surface area for nutrient absorption during digestion.
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The genus Lithops was created and dozens more species were published in the following decades. Brown, Gustav Schwantes, Kurt Dinter, Gert Nel, and Louisa Bolus continued to document Lithops from across southern Africa, but there was little consensus on the relationships between them, or even which populations should be grouped as species. As recently as the 1950s, the genus was little known in cultivation and not well understood taxonomically. In the 1950s, Desmond and Naureen Cole began to study Lithops.
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Thetis was built by Cammell Laird in Birkenhead, England and launched on 29 June 1938. After completion, trials were delayed because the forward hydroplanes jammed, but eventually started in Liverpool Bay under Lieutenant Commander Guy Bolus. Thetis left Birkenhead for Liverpool Bay to conduct her final diving trials, accompanied by the tug Grebe Cock. As well as her normal complement of 59 men she was carrying technical observers from Cammell Laird and other naval personnel, a total of 103 men.
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Solids clump together to form the cud (or bolus). The cud is then regurgitated, chewed slowly to completely mix it with saliva and to break down the particle size. Fibre, especially cellulose and hemi-cellulose, is primarily broken down into the volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in these chambers (the reticulo-rumen) by microbes: (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi). In the omasum, water and many of the inorganic mineral elements are absorbed into the blood stream.
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The human gastrointestinal tract is around 9 meters long. Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food and size of the meal, and the process of digestion normally takes between 24 and 72 hours. Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis.
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The term injection is sometimes used synonymously with inoculation, but injection does not only refer to the act of inoculation. Injections generally administer a medication as a bolus (or one-time) dose, but can also be used for continuous drug administration. After injection, a medication may be designed to be released slowly, called a depot injection, which can produce long-lasting effects. An injection necessarily causes a small puncture wound to the body, and thus may cause localized pain or infection.
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Autocatalytic heme crystallization to Hz is revealed to be an inefficient process and this conversion is further reduced as the Hz concentration increases. Isolated P.falciparum hemozoin Several other mechanisms have been developed to protect a large variety of hematophagous organisms against the toxic effects of free heme. Mosquitoes digest their blood meals extracellularly and do not produce hemozoin. Heme is retained in the peritrophic matrix, a layer of protein and polysaccharides that covers the midgut and separates gut cells from the blood bolus.
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In many organisms the primary function of the peritrophic matrix is to improve digestion. Following feeding, the food bolus is surrounded by the peritrophic matrix, effectively isolating it from the midgut epithelium. This isolation creates two distinct compartments within the midgut, the endoperitrophic space and ectoperitrophic space. This compartmentalization of the midgut provides three general advantages: prevention of non-specific binding of undigested material to the epithelium wall, conservation and concentration of enzymes and substrates and rapid removal of indigestible molecules.
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The mouth contains the radula, the rough tongue common to all molluscs except bivalvia, which is equipped with multiple rows of teeth. In some species, toxic saliva helps to control large prey; when subdued, the food can be torn in pieces by the beak, moved to the oesophagus by the radula, and swallowed. The food bolus is moved along the gut by waves of muscular contractions (peristalsis). The long oesophagus leads to a muscular stomach roughly in the middle of the visceral mass.
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In 1935 Barker began to accumulate specimens for an independent herbarium for Kirstenbosch, although the trustees of the National Botanic Gardens only officially resolved to create the herbarium four years later in 1939 after the Bolus herbarium had moved. The first annual budget of the herbarium was £350 for salaries and equipment. Barker was appointed as head of the herbarium in 1940. By the time she retired the herbarium contained more than specimen sheets, everyone of which she had personally scrutinised.
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A working pancreas continually secretes small amounts of insulin into the blood to maintain normal glucose levels, which would otherwise rise from glucose release by the liver, especially during the early morning dawn phenomenon. This insulin is referred to as basal insulin secretion, and constitutes almost half the insulin produced by the normal pancreas. Bolus insulin is produced during the digestion of meals. Insulin levels rise immediately as we begin to eat, remaining higher than the basal rate for 1 to 4 hours.
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He owned a gallery on Cork Street as well. He once owned a warehouse to store his collections, but also he periodically sold or donated portions of them to museums. In 1970 McAlpine donated 60 sculptures to the Tate, including works by Turnbull, Annesley, and Bolus, as well as Phillip King, Tim Scott, William Tucker, and Isaac Witkin. McAlpine also donated hundreds of erotic pictures to the Art Gallery of New South Wales, including works by Bob Carlos Clarke, Karl Lagerfeld, David Bailey, Terence Donovan, and others.
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Millman was also a useful right-handed batsman, scoring 1,000 runs in two seasons. In a county side where there were frequent personnel changes, he batted in most positions, often opening the innings. From 1963 to 1965 he was county captain, and in his first year, with the side buoyed by the newly acquired Brian Bolus, Nottinghamshire finished ninth. Two years later, though, they were back at the bottom and Millman resigned the captaincy and left first-class cricket, returning to Bedfordshire and his business interests.
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He reveals that Maureen is secretly his illegitimate daughter and begs Ben to convince her to take over the company. Bolus tries to kill Maureen, but she gets the drop on him and escapes with the film from Miranda's camera. With the Polecats jailed for Malcolm's murder, Ben is a fugitive. Miranda tells him about her film, and Ben convinces semi-trailer truck driver Emmet to sneak him and his motorcycle past a police roadblock and to an abandoned mink farm where Maureen is hiding.
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Kinetic image or DVA (digital variance angiography) of a patient's leg, obtained from previously acquired fluoroscopic angiography data. Movement of a bolus of contrast agent allows visualization of the blood vessels. Kinetic imaging is an imaging technology developed by Szabolcs Osváth and Krisztián Szigeti in the Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology at Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary). The technology allows the visualization of motion; it is based on an altered data acquisition and image processing algorithm combined with imaging techniques that use penetrating radiation (e.g.
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The first Anglo Saxon to discover Federal Hill Park was the celebrated English colonial explorer and settler Captain John Smith (1580-1631). In June 1608, Smith sailed from Jamestown up the Chesapeake Bay for a 19-day journey that ended with a voyage up the Patapsco River which he named "Bolus" for "red". It was there that Smith reported seeing "a great red bank of clay flanking a natural harbor basin." Early Baltimore Town settlers originally referred to this area as "John Smith’s Hill".
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Sheep, however, graze well in monoculture pastures where most goats fare poorly. Ruminant system of a sheep Like all ruminants, sheep have a complex digestive system composed of four chambers, allowing them to break down cellulose from stems, leaves, and seed hulls into simpler carbohydrates. When sheep graze, vegetation is chewed into a mass called a bolus, which is then passed into the rumen, via the reticulum. The rumen is a 19- to 38-liter (5 to 10 gallon) organ in which feed is fermented.
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Malvina Marjorie Bolus, (July 4, 1906 - April 6, 1997) was a Canadian historian and art collector, best known as the editor of the Hudson's Bay Company magazine The Beaver. Born in Fox Bay, Falkland Islands, she was educated in England and emigrated to Canada in 1926. From 1928 to 1936, she was a member of the House of Commons of Canada staff. From 1933 to 1936, she was the secretary to Agnes Macphail, the first woman to be elected to the House of Commons.
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Chemical structure of argatroban showing where it binds to the S1 and S2 pockets Argatroban is a small univalent DTI formed from P1 residue from arginine. It binds to the active site on thrombin. The X-ray crystal structure shows that the piperidine ring binds in the S2 pocket and the guanidine group binds with hydrogen bonds with Asp189 into the S1 pocket. It’s given as an intravenous bolus because the highly basic guanidine with pKa 13 prevents it to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
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Other feeding schemes, such as hypocaloric feeding and intermittent feeding, also called bolus feeding were under study. A 2019 meta-analysis found that intermittent feeding may be more beneficial for premature infants, although better designed studies are required to devise clinical practices. In adults, reviews have not found intermittent feeding to increase glucose variability or gastrointestinal intolerance. A meta-analysis found intermittent feeding had no influence on gastric residual volumes and aspiration, pneumonia, mortality nor morbidity in people with a trauma, but increased the risk of diarrhea.
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Some guidelines recommend a bolus (initial large dose) of insulin of 0.1 unit of insulin per kilogram of body weight. This can be administered immediately after the potassium level is known to be higher than 3.3 mmol/l; if the level is any lower, administering insulin could lead to a dangerously low potassium level (see below). Other guidelines recommend delaying the initiation of insulin until fluids have been administered. It is possible to use rapid acting insulin analogs injections under the skin for mild or moderate cases.
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The tongue is utilized to roll food particles into a bolus before being transported down the esophagus through peristalsis. The sublingual region underneath the front of the tongue is a location where the oral mucosa is very thin, and underlain by a plexus of veins. This is an ideal location for introducing certain medications to the body. The sublingual route takes advantage of the highly vascular quality of the oral cavity, and allows for the speedy application of medication into the cardiovascular system, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.
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FIGURE 3. Axial (left) and coronal (right) CT angiography images of the abdominal aorta evaluating for aortic aneurysm. CT angiography (CTA) is highly effective for evaluation of the arterial system, and has largely replaced conventional angiography due to the lower risk profile and ability to survey the entire abdomen. Images are acquired after a rapid bolus of intravenous contrast material (3-7 cc/s) during the arterial phase (15-35 seconds after injection) when the concentration of contrast material in the arterial system is high (figures 3).
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Salvia muirii is an evergreen perennial shrub native to limited areas east of the Cape of Good Hope and Mossel Bay on the southern coast of South Africa. It grows in an area influenced by the climate of the Indian Ocean, on rolling hills between 200 and 1000 feet elevation. The plant was first collected by Dr. John Muir, a Scottish physician and plant collector who spent many years in South Africa. Muir wrote to the botanist Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus, who named the plant after him.
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Small, portable insulin infusion pumps are available from several manufacturers. They allow a continuous infusion of small amounts of insulin to be delivered through the skin around the clock, plus the ability to give bolus doses when a person eats or has elevated blood glucose levels. This is very similar to how the pancreas works, but these pumps lack a continuous "feed-back" mechanism. Thus, the user is still at risk of giving too much or too little insulin unless blood glucose measurements are made.
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Basal when used in a medical sense refers to a minimal level that is necessary for health or life. As used by diabetics and health care professionals, it describes a low, continuous dosage of insulin (either as a basal rate from an insulin pump or a slow-acting insulin injection) intended to "cover" the glucose output of the liver. This works together with a bolus of insulin, which is a dosage of insulin intended to "cover" a meal or to make a large glucose level correction.
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The frequency of hypoglycemia increases with increasing effort to achieve normal blood glucoses with most insulin regimens, but hypoglycemia can be minimized with appropriate glucose targets and control strategies. The difficulties lie in remembering to test, estimating meal size, taking the meal bolus and eating within the prescribed time, and being aware of snacks and meals that are not the expected size. When implemented correctly, flexible regimens offer greater ability to achieve good glycemic control with easier accommodation to variations of eating and physical activity.
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In 1973, he refused to bowl in a Sunday League game, and Derbyshire's captain, Brian Bolus, banished him from the field. In 1976, he left the county in unhappy circumstances, but was called up to play against the West Indies in the fifth, and final, Test Match of his career. Although he took four wickets, he earned far greater acclaim for his stout resistance with the bat. On the last day, with the West Indians pressing for victory, he held them for almost an hour before falling for a duck.
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Following distribution into the central nervous system (CNS), the anesthetic drug then diffuses out of the CNS into the muscles and viscera, followed by adipose tissues. In patients given a single injection of drug, this redistribution results in termination of general anesthesia. Therefore, following administration of a single anesthetic bolus, duration of drug effect is dependent solely upon the redistribution kinetics. The half-life of an anesthetic drug following a prolonged infusion, however, depends upon both drug redistribution kinetics, drug metabolism in the liver, and existing drug concentration in fat.
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However, it was not till 1888 when he became bank manager in Grahamstown, that his collecting took on a serious turn. In 1889 he was transferred to Barberton and became intrigued by the relatively unknown local flora. His specimens now started reflecting his meticulous nature in that they were carefully pressed, preserved and labelled with extensive notes on locality, habitat and plant form. His duplicates soon found their way to Kew, Zurich and a number of notable botanists such as Harry Bolus, John Medley Wood and Peter MacOwan.
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A synthetic analogue of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol can be given by injection in the days leading up to calving, although the timing of this prophylactic makes it difficult to use. Oral administration of a dose of a calcium salt in a gel has been advised by some veterinarians. An orally administered bolus containing a much higher concentration of calcium than the injectable solutions can also be given so long as the cow is standing or sitting up. If the cow is lying 'flat out' then immediate intravenous therapy is required to avoid death.
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It is served on large trays with the rice on the bottom and the fish, usually White grouper (Epinephelus aeneus), and the vegetables, many of them whole placed in the center. Tiep bears a strong resemblance—in ingredients, presentation, and significance—to Maghrebi cuscus. Traditionally it is eaten in a large communal dish with the hand. It is also the symbol of the Senegalese Terranga (hospitality): Family, visiting friends, and/or guests gather around a single dish (called a bolus) in which everyone is using a spoon (couddou Pulaar) or a piece of bread.
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Rose elucidated the brain pharmacokinetics of inhaled nicotine: Rose et al. conducted the first direct assessment of the rate of brain nicotine uptake during cigarette smoking, using cigarettes spiked with the radiotracer [11C]nicotine and PET scanning to image nicotine in the brain. The results overturned the widely held “puff bolus” hypothesis, which held that the nicotine from each puff of smoke should generate a spike in brain nicotine uptake within 10 seconds. In fact, the lung serves as a depot for nicotine, releasing the dose over several minutes.
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The "Blue-Chip" Basketball Camp began in 1980 for the purpose of providing exposure and evaluation for middle and high school level basketball players during the summer offseason. Bolus has served as a basketball scout since 1973 when he started the High Potential recruiting service. The camp was created particularly to help provide awareness for talented "sleepers" that could otherwise go unnoticed by college recruiters and coaches. "Blue-Chip" camps have been held primarily at colleges and universities in the state of Kentucky which include Northern Kentucky University, Bellarmine University, Campbellsville University, and Georgetown College.
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The partially digested and pulverized gizzard contents, now called a bolus, are passed into the intestine, where pancreatic and intestinal enzymes complete the digestion of the digestible food. The digestion products are then absorbed through the intestinal mucosa into the blood. The intestine ends via the large intestine in the vent or cloaca which serves as the common exit for renal and intestinal excrements as well as for the laying of eggs. However, unlike mammals, many birds do not excrete the bulky portions (roughage) of their undigested food (e.g.
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Permeable blood vessels from either the iris or chorioallantois became impermeable to blue- albumin once they had entered the transplanted bolus of astrocytes. In the in vitro experiment, endothelial cells were first cultured alone and the tight junctions were observed in freeze-fracture replicas to be discontinuous and riddled with gap junctions. Then, the brain endothelial cells were cultured with astroctytes resulting in enhanced tight junctions and a reduced frequency of gap junctions. The glia limitans also acts as a second line of defense against anything that passes the blood–brain barrier.
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Stegenga, H. Bolton, J.J. and Anderson, R.J. Seaweeds of the South African West Coast; Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium Number 18, 1997. This species ofEctocarpus has been shown to bind iron on its cells with non-specificity. This iron ion shell allows the algae to store and have a constant source of iron regardless of the conditions of the surrounding environment. This adaptation is important because this method of iron uptake is similar to that of terrestrial organisms and differs from the methods typically used in the marine environment such as siderophores.
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It was named after Sir John Gilbert, the first president of the school. From 1952 to 1979 Frank Martin was head of the sculpture department of Saint Martin's. He brought in young sculptors such as Anthony Caro, Robert Clatworthy, Elizabeth Frink and Eduardo Paolozzi to teach, and also employed as part-time teachers recent graduates of the department, including David Annesley, Michael Bolus, Phillip King, Tim Scott, Bill Tucker and Isaac Witkin. Caro's influence was particularly strong, and the group around him came to be known as the New Generation of British sculptors.
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Mycophenolate is increasingly utilized as a steroid sparing treatment in autoimmune diseases and similar immune-mediated disorders including Behçet's disease, pemphigus vulgaris, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, small vessel vasculitides, and psoriasis. It is also used for retroperitoneal fibrosis along with a number of other medications. Specifically it has also be used for psoriasis not treatable by other methods. Its increasing application in treating lupus nephritis has demonstrated more frequent complete response and less frequent complications compared to cyclophosphamide bolus therapy, a regimen with risk of bone marrow suppression, infertility, and malignancy.
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Example 4 evaluates the delivery from an insulin pump, showing blood glucose plots along the top, carbohydrates eaten (bubbles in the middle of the chart), basal and bolus insulin delivered at the bottom. This is a good example of the flexibility in lifestyle afforded to an insulin pump user as carbohydrates are not "scheduled" to match insulin profiles, and yet the glycemic excursions are well controlled. In this chart, it is also easy to see that the pump user had a meal at 3pm but forgot to test blood glucose beforehand.
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As with most paper wasp species, the female workers are the ones who care and help rear the queen's brood. This is also true for P. major major, but male members of the species have been found to aid in brood care occasionally as well. Drones have been observed feeding larvae within their cells on several occasions. It is believed that drones and workers receive nourishment through the liquids removed from the bolus, and they are in fact not acting altruistically when feeding the larvae the solid remains.
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Prior to the following stages of the oral phase, the mandible depresses and the lips abduct to allow food or liquid to enter the oral cavity. Upon entering the oral cavity, the mandible elevates and the lips adduct to assist in oral containment of the food and liquid. The following stages describe the normal and necessary actions to form the bolus, which is defined as the state of the food in which it is ready to be swallowed. 1) Moistening Food is moistened by saliva from the salivary glands (parasympathetic).
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Prior to the availability of sensitive TSH assays, thyrotropin releasing hormone or TRH stimulation tests were relied upon for confirming and assessing the degree of suppression in suspected hyperthyroidism. Typically, this stimulation test involves determining basal TSH levels and levels 15 to 30 minutes after an intravenous bolus of TRH. Normally, TSH would rise into the concentration range measurable with less sensitive TSH assays. Third generation TSH assays do not have this limitation and thus TRH stimulation is generally not required when third generation TSH assays are used to assess degree of suppression.
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Katharine's enthusiasm for painting, botany and conservation generated the interest which held the groups together. The quality of her paintings led inevitably to her sending of live specimens and corresponding with the Hookers at Kew, W. H. Harvey in Dublin and Harry Bolus in Cape Town. On an extended visit to England in 1881/82 she met Joseph Dalton Hooker and William Turner Thiselton-Dyer who would become director of Kew in 1885. On her return to Natal she was visited by Marianne North, the English traveller and botanical artist.
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Because of etomidate-induced adrenal suppression, its use for patients with sepsis is controversial. Cortisol levels have been reported to be suppressed up to 72 hours after a single bolus of etomidate in this population at risk for adrenal insufficiency. For this reason, many authors have suggested that etomidate should never be used for critically ill patients with septic shock because it could increase mortality. However, other authors continue to defend etomidate's use for septic patients because of etomidate's safe hemodynamic profile and lack of clear evidence of harm.
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The intestine completes the process of digestion and nutrient absorption. In most vertebrates, digestion is a four-stage process involving the main structures of the digestive tract, starting with ingestion, placing food into the mouth, and concluding with the excretion of undigested material through the anus. From the mouth, the food moves to the stomach, where as bolus it is broken down chemically. It then moves to the intestine, where the process of breaking the food down into simple molecules continues and the results are absorbed as nutrients into the circulatory and lymphatic system.
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Many foods can lodge themselves in the esophagus, but the most common are meats such as steak, poultry, or pork leading to the colourful description of the phenomenon as steakhouse syndrome. People with food bolus obstruction typically display acute dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), often to the point that they cannot even swallow their saliva, leading to drooling. They may also suffer from chest pain, neck pain, regurgitation of food, or painful swallowing (odynophagia). Patients with esophageal food boluses are also at risk of complications, such as perforation of the esophagus, and aspiration into the lungs.
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However, the "push technique", which involves insufflating air into the esophagus, and gently pushing the bolus toward the stomach instead, has emerged as a common and safe way of removing the obstruction. Other tools may be used to remove food boluses. The Roth Net is a mesh net that can be inserted through the endoscope, and opened and closed from the outside; it can be used to retrieve pieces of obstructed food. Snares, which are normally used to remove polyps can be used to macerate the food causing the obstruction.
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Guests have included painters, writers, photographers, potters, composers, choreographers and dancers, and other artists. The retreat deliberately does not have a website but is briefly summarised on the website of the arts centre. Its buildings are located along a narrow road deep into Bolus Head, near a cliff overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, and remote from other habitation. There are seven self-catering studio cottages with natural roof lighting, six on the inland side of the road, one, Seaside Cottage, on the coastal side, overlooking the near-cliff like descent to the sea.
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The stated ethos of the retreat is of isolation and "eremitic-like" living. As of 2019, more than 5,000 residencies have been hosted, with artists coming from Ireland, the UK, Russia and other European countries, Japan, Korea, China, the US, Canada and Mexico, India, Australia and New Zealand. In 2014, a whole team of Argentine artists (made up of painters, writers and musicians) landed in Bolus Head and stayed in August, marking the first time all members came from the same country. The main application process runs twice annually.
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The widespread prescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) by primary care physicians has resulted in a change in pattern of GERD in patients who use these medications. Quite often gastroenterologist and foregut surgeons receive consultations to assess patients with persistent reflux symptoms despite the fact that patients is on acid suppression medications. This is due to the fact that symptoms of these patients are the results of weak acid or non-acid reflux. In 1991 Silny was the first investigator who described Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance (MII), a technique which detects intraesophageal bolus transport.
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Young leaves generally have less toxins as well as more nutrients than more mature leaves, and are also usually easier to digest. Mantled howler monkeys possess large salivary glands that help break down the leaf tannins by binding the polymers before the food bolus reaches the gut. Although leaves are abundant, they are a low energy food source. The fact that the mantled howler relies so heavily on a low energy food source drives much of its behaviour – for example, howling to locate other groups and spending a large portion of the day resting.
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Type II formation of a peritrophic matrix is considered to be a derived technique, and is found only in some families of the diptera, dermaptera, embioptera and lepidoptera orders of insects. In type II formation, the peritrophic matrix is produced by a specialized group of cells present on the proventriculus of the anterior midgut. Type II formation is a continuous process which is carried out regardless of the presence or absence of a food bolus. Thus, the peritrophic matrix is secreted as an unbroken, concentric, “sleeve like” structure.
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In these cases, nasogastric (NG) or percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy (PEG) tubes may be placed. Other compensatory measures may include reducing the bolus size (small bites/sips) or postural strategies (such as tucking the chin, turning the head to one side or the other). A speech-language pathologist is one professional who evaluates and treats aphagia and dysphagia and can recommend these strategies depending on the etiology of the deficit and the location of the breakdown within the swallowing mechanism. True treatment of aphagia/dysphagia comes from neuromuscular re-education and strengthening/coordination in most cases.
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The familiar model of care for people with advanced dementia and dysphagia is the revolving door of recurrent chest infections, frequently associated with aspiration and related readmissions. Many individuals with dementia resist or are indifferent to food and fail to manage the food bolus. There are also many contributory factors such as poor oral hygiene, high dependency levels for being positioned and fed, as well as the need for oral suctioning. While tube feeding might therefore be considered a safer option, tube feeding has not been shown to be beneficial in people with advanced dementia.
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Midazolam is sometimes used in neonatal intensive care units. When used, additional caution is required in newborns; midazolam should not be used for longer than 72 hours due to risks of tachyphylaxis, and the possibility of development of a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, as well as neurological complications. Bolus injections should be avoided due to the increased risk of cardiovascular depression, as well as neurological complications. Midazolam is also sometimes used in newborns who are receiving mechanical ventilation, although morphine is preferred, owing to its better safety profile for this indication.
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Social identity is the individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership of social groups. High self-esteem is typically a perception of oneself as attractive, competent, likeable and a morally good person. The perception of having these attributes makes the person feel as if they are more attractive to the outside social world and thus more desirable to others to be in a social relationship.( Shavelson, Richard J.; Bolus, Roger (1982)) BIRGing is a widespread and important impression management technique to counter any threats to self-esteem and maintain positive relations with others.
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Not all patients with Schatzki rings have symptoms; barium swallow tests of the esophagus sometimes show Schatzki rings in patients with no swallowing difficulties. When Schatzki rings cause symptoms, they usually result in episodic difficulties with swallowing (dysphagia) solid foods, or a sensation that the food "sticks" while swallowing, especially if the food is not chewed thoroughly. Patients usually are able to regurgitate or force through the food material and resume eating. However, complete obstruction of the esophagus by a bolus of food (often called steakhouse syndrome) can occur.
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There is some evidence that an automated intermittent bolus technique may provide better pain control than a continuous infusion technique even when the total doses administered are identical. Typically, the effects of the epidural block are noted below a specific level or portion of the body, determined by the site of injection. A higher injection may result in sparing of nerve function in the lower spinal nerves. For example, a thoracic epidural performed for upper abdominal surgery may not have any effect on the area surrounding the genitals or pelvic organs.
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Phenylephrine is commonly used as a vasopressor to increase the blood pressure in unstable patients with hypotension, especially resulting from septic shock. Such use is common in anesthesia or critical-care practices; it is especially useful in counteracting the hypotensive effect of epidural and subarachnoid anesthetics, as well as the vasodilating effect of bacterial toxins and the inflammatory response in sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The elimination half life of phenylephrine is about 2.5 to 3.0 hours. The clinical effects of a single intravenous bolus dose of phenylephrine are short lived and needs to be repeated every 10–15 minutes.
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Meropenem is administered intravenously as a white crystalline powder to be dissolved in 5% monobasic potassium phosphate solution. Dosing must be adjusted for altered kidney function and for haemofiltration. As with other ß-lactams antibiotics, the effectiveness of treatment depends on the amount of time during the dosing interval that the meropenem concentration is above the minimum inhibitory concentration for the bacteria causing the infection. For ß-lactams, including meropenem, prolonged intravenous administration is associated with lower mortality than bolus intravenous infusion in persons with whose infections are severe, or caused by bacteria that are less sensitive to meropenem, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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The trapped food particles are formed into a food bolus which then moves down the digestive tract until voided through the anus located on the ventral surface of the terminal appendage. The second and third pair of legs are used in the organisms' filter feeding, ensuring large unabsorbable particles are kept out, while the other sets of legs create the stream of water rushing into the organism. Swimming is powered mainly by the second set of antennae, which are larger in size than the first set. The action of this second set of antennae is responsible for the jumping motion.
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In his debut List A cricket match for Nottinghamshire against Yorkshire in 1963, he scored 100 not out in his team's total of only 159: the lowest all-out total to include a century in List A cricket's history. He was made county captain in 1972. Bolus became the third player to be capped by three counties, and the first to captain two different county sides in successive seasons, when he moved to Derbyshire in 1973. He played 64 matches for Derbyshire, with a highest score of 151 against Oxford University at the Bass Worthington Ground in Burton upon Trent in 1975.
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He was unable to convert any of his four Test fifties to three figures, and found himself overtaken in the international reckoning by Geoff Boycott and John Edrich. Bolus does hold two unusual Test match records - the most Tests in a complete career without ever recording a single figure score (seven), and the most Test Match innings in a complete career without ever recording a single figure score (twelve). He effectively retired in 1975 with over 25,500 first-class runs to his name. He appeared twice in the B and H cup at the start of the 1976 season.
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The sheriff's sale was held on July 15, 2014, with a requested price of over $43.7 million. The reserve price of $37.3 million ($37,265,000) was not met and LNR Partners purchased the property for $1,567.71, its costs and taxes. The only other bidder was a representative for Robert Bolus, whose bid was declared illegal due to the contingency of a casino license being approved for the property. Al Boscov did not bid due to the high requested price and plans to continue negotiations with LNR Partners, but estimates it could take $10–20 million in investments to modernize the Mall.
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As a result, regadenoson stress protocols use a single bolus, instead of a 4-6 minute continuous infusion, which was needed with adenosine. Another difference is that adenosine infusion is weight based (140mcg/kg/minute), while with regadenoson, a 0.4 mg/5mL preloaded syringe dose is standard for all weights. Regadenoson stress tests are not affected by the presence of beta blockers, as regadenoson vasodilates via the adenosine pathway without stimulating beta adrenergic receptors. One side effect of regadenoson is that it can temporarily disrupt the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by inhibiting P-glycoprotein function.
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Whole bowel irrigation using the laxative polyethylene glycol can be useful to induce the gastrointestinal elimination of salicylates, particularly if there is partial or diminished response to activated charcoal. Alkalinization of the urine and plasma, by giving a bolus of sodium bicarbonate then adding sodium bicarbonate to maintenance fluids, is an effective method to increase the clearance of salicylates from the body. Alkalinization of the urine causes salicylates to be trapped in renal tubules in their ionized form and then readily excreted in the urine. Alkalinization of the urine increases urinary salicylate excretion by 18 fold.
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Ripburger offers to hire the Polecats to escort Malcolm to the meeting, but when Ben declines, he is knocked out by Ripburger's flunkies, Bolus (Jack Angel) and Nestor (Maurice LaMarche). Ben awakens to learn that the Polecats have been duped into escorting Malcolm, and that an ambush is planned for them further up the road. He tries to catch up, but his motorcycle has been sabotaged, resulting in a fiery crash. He is rescued by young photographer Miranda (Pat Musick) and taken to the town of Melonweed, where he is treated by a mechanic named Maureen (Kath Soucie).
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In his 1810 treatise On the Proteaceae of Jussieu, Robert Brown classified this species as Protea turbiniflora, thereby renaming the Erodendrum turbiniflorum first described by Richard Anthony Salisbury in the The Paradisus Londinensis, and incorrectly sinking into synonymy the previously named Protea caespitosa, which had been described by Henry Cranke Andrews a few years before. The South African botanist Louise Guthrie described P. oleracea in 1925 during her work at the Bolus Herbarium. The International Plant Names Index incorrectly attributes all of her species descriptions to her father, Francis Guthrie, who died 26 years before the publication of this name.
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Lester continued, however, to play for Yorkshire's Second XI for the next six seasons, often captaining the side and acting as the senior player alongside the younger players, including John Hampshire, Geoffrey Boycott, Philip Sharpe and Brian Bolus. There was a brief codicil to his playing career: in 1964, John Hampshire fell ill just before the Gillette Cup one day match against Middlesex at Lord's and Lester, acting as scorer, was drafted into the side. But Yorkshire lost and Lester, batting at number nine, failed to score. Thereafter, he became Yorkshire's regular scorer until his retirement in 1988.
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In 1864 he lost his eldest son of six years, and Francis Guthrie who had become a close friend, suggested his taking up botany to ameliorate his loss. He started his botanical collection in 1865 and was soon corresponding with Joseph Hooker at Kew, William Henry Harvey in Dublin and Peter MacOwan in Grahamstown. One of his most treasured gifts was a copy of De Candolle's Prodromus received from Guthrie in 1869. In 1875, he joined his brother Walter in Cape Town, settling in the suburb of Kenilworth, where they founded a stockbroking firm called Bolus Bros.
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The two held the titles for over a month before losing the belts to Chris & John Tolos in Jacksonville. In late 1964, he and Curtis competed in a 10-man tag team tournament held by promoter Cowboy Luttrell in Tampa and Miami to earn a title shot against to meet Eddie Graham & Sam Steamboat for the NWA Florida Tag Team Championship. The other four teams included Tarzan Tyler & Joe McCarthy, Tony Marino & Steve Bolus, The Russian Wolfmen, and The Executioners. Jacobs and Curtis defeated The Russian Wolfmen to advance to the finals where they lost to The Executioners.
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The dose schedule given every two weeks is as follows: Day 1–2: Oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 IV infusion, given as a 120 minutes IV infusion in 500 mL D5W, concurrent with leucovorin 400 mg/m2 (or levoleucovorin 200 mg/m2) IV infusion, followed by Fluorouracil 5-FU 400 mg/m2 IV bolus, followed by 46-hour Fluorouracil 5-FU infusion (2400 mg/m2 for first two cycles, increased to 3000 mg/m2 in case of no toxicity > grade 1 during the first two cycles). Days 3–14: Rest days Antiemetic prophylaxis with 5-HT3-receptor antagonist.
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In 436x436px CT angiography is a contrast CT where images are taken with a certain delay after injection of radiocontrast material. The contrast material is radiodense causing it to light up brightly within the blood vessels of interest. In order for the CT scanner to be able to scan the correct area where the contrast is, the scanner uses either automatic detectors which start scanning when enough contrast is present, or small test boluses. With the small test bolus, a small amount of contrast is injected in order to detect the speed that the contrast will move through the blood vessels.
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The oliebol (in its modern form) and Zeeuwse bolus are good examples. Cookies are also produced in great number and tend to contain a lot of butter and sugar, like stroopwafel, as well as a filling of some kind, mostly almond, like gevulde koek. The traditional alcoholic beverages of this region are beer (strong pale lager) and Jenever, a high proof juniper-flavored spirit, that came to be known in England as gin. A noted exception within the traditional Dutch alcoholic landscape, Advocaat, a rich and creamy liqueur made from eggs, sugar and brandy, is also native to this region.
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Another measure of insulin resistance is the modified insulin suppression test developed by Gerald Reaven at Stanford University. The test correlates well with the euglycemic clamp, with less operator-dependent error. This test has been used to advance the large body of research relating to the metabolic syndrome. Patients initially receive 25 μg of octreotide (Sandostatin) in 5 mL of normal saline over 3 to 5 minutes via intravenous infusion (IV) as an initial bolus, and then, are infused continuously with an intravenous infusion of somatostatin (0.27 μg/m2/min) to suppress endogenous insulin and glucose secretion.
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Medical imaging with modern technology: Bolus tracking re an AAA As part of his practice as a curandero in the Peruvian Amazon, following the initial interview of a patient with a difficult illness, Córdova would retire in the late evening to brew and drink ayahuasca, often witnessed by his wife Nieves.Lamb (1985) at 85–86, 158. These nocturnal reflections allowed him to arrive at a correct medical diagnosis of the particular illness and then to identify the right herbal remedy for its treatment. Chief Xumu of the Huni Kui had taught him the subtleties of this technique of using ayahuasca.
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Isaac Witkin (10 May 1936 – 23 April 2006) was an internationally renowned modern sculptor born in Johannesburg, South Africa. Witkin entered Saint Martin's School of Art in London in 1957 and studied under Sir Anthony Caro and alongside other luminaries in training, such as Phillip King, William G. Tucker, David Annesley, and Michael Bolus. Witkin helped create a new style of sculpture which led to this New Generation of sculptors and their innovating abstract forms of modern sculpture reaching and changing the art world. Witkin's abstract works of usually brightly colored fiberglass or wood was noted for its "witty, Pop-Art look".
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Ventura began his professional wrestler career in the mid-1970s, wrestling in Calgary, Alberta and Regina, Saskatchewan primarily for Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling. His older brother Tito Senza was also a wrestler. Having competed against wrestlers such as Keith Hart he made his way to Maple Leaf Wrestling in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, teaming with Steve Bolus on MLW television in a losing effort against Baron von Raschke and Greg Valentine on December 16, 1978. Throughout the remainder of the 1970s, Ventura competed for All-Star Wrestling and Stampede, feuding with wrestlers including Terry Sawyer, Dynamite Kid, Cuban Assassin and Roddy Piper.
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It is a disaccharide formed from one molecule each of the simple sugars (monosaccharides) fructose and galactose. Lactulose is not normally present in raw milk, but is a product of heat processes: the greater the heat, the greater amount of this substance (from 3.5 mg/l in low-temperature pasteurized milk to 744 mg/l in in-container sterilized milk). It is produced commercially by isomerization of lactose. Lactulose is not absorbed in the small intestine nor broken down by human enzymes, thus stays in the digestive bolus through most of its course, causing retention of water through osmosis leading to softer, easier-to-pass stool.
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Its only current clinical use is in preparing patients with pheochromocytoma for surgery; its irreversible antagonism and the resultant depression in the maximum of the agonist dose-response curve are desirable in a situation where surgical manipulation of the tumour may release a large bolus of pressor amine into the circulation. Typically, phenoxybenzamine is not used in the long term, as new receptors are made to upregulate alpha stimulation. The main limiting side-effects of alpha antagonists is that the baroreceptor reflex is disrupted and thus this can cause postural hypotension. Phenoxybenzamine also has irreversible antagonist/weak partial agonist properties at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.
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The major breakthrough in diagnosis came with the discovery of radioimmunoassay by Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson in the late 1950s. This allowed the direct measurement of the hormones of the pituitary, which as a result of their low concentrations in blood had previously been hard to measure. Stimulation tests were developed in the 1960s, and in 1973 the triple bolus test was introduced, a test that combined stimulation testing with insulin, GnRH and TRH. Imaging of the pituitary, and therefore identification of tumors and other structural causes, improved radically with the introduction of computed tomography in the late 1970s and magnetic resonance imaging in the 1980s.
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For a while, he practised at the Bar and edited a newspaper before becoming the professor of mathematics at the South African College, which later became the University of Cape Town. He remained there from 1876 until he retired in 1898, staying on his farm at Raapenberg. When Bolus undertook to do the family of Ericaceae for Flora Capensis, he enlisted Guthrie's aid and they collaborated until Guthrie's death. Before his death, Guthrie had made an extensive collection of the Cape Peninsula flora, which was eventually housed as the Guthrie Herbarium in the University of Cape Town Botany Department, and used for teaching and reference.
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Adenosine is used as a vasodilator, via the A2A receptor, to increase the difference in perfusion between myocardial territories supplied by normal and stenosed coronary arteries. A continuous intravenous infusion is administered for a few minutes until there are hemodynamic signs of vasodilatation, then a bolus of contrast medium is administered while acquiring saturation recovery images of the heart with a high temporal resolution readout. A positive result is evident from an inducible myocardial perfusion defect. Cost and availability mean that its use is often confined to patients with intermediate pre-test probability, but it has been shown to reduce unnecessary angiography compared with guidelines-directed care.
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After Swan developed the initial balloon tip, Ganz used Fronek's idea and added a small thermistor (temperature probe) about 3 cm behind the tip. Either cold 10 ml of saline (0.9% NaCl) under 10° Celsius or room temperature (not as accurate) is injected into an opening in the right atrium. As this cooler fluid passes the tip thermistor, a very brief drop in the blood temperature is recorded. A recent variation in design is the incorporation of a heating coil on the catheter (30 cm from the tip, residing in the atrium area) which eliminates the cold fluid bolus, a major factor in human technique variation.
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By employing several wavelengths and time resolved (frequency or time domain) and/or spatially resolved methods blood flow, volume and absolute tissue saturation (StO_2 or Tissue Saturation Index (TSI)) can be quantified. Applications of oximetry by NIRS methods include neuroscience, ergonomics, rehabilitation, brain computer interface, urology, the detection of illnesses that affect the blood circulation (e.g., peripheral vascular disease), the detection and assessment of breast tumors, and the optimization of training in sports medicine. The use of NIRS in conjunction with a bolus injection of indocyanine green (ICG) has been used to measure cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2).
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Dr. Harry Bolus (1834-1911), a rich Cape Town businessman, began his collection in 1865 in Graaff-Reinet, and it is now the oldest functioning herbarium in the country. After his death, the South African College (which changed its name to the University of Cape Town on April 2, 1918) inherited his herbarium; a library featuring many expensive, unique, and rare books on botany; and a substantial amount of money for the maintenance and expansion of the collection. In 1924, a dedicated building was erected for the herbarium in Kirstenbosch, but it proved unsuitable later. Therefore, the herbarium was moved onto the campus in 1938.
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Abduction of the vocal folds is important during physical exertion. The vocal folds are separated by about during normal respiration, but this width is doubled during forced respiration. During swallowing, elevation of the posterior portion of the tongue levers (inverts) the epiglottis over the glottis' opening to prevent swallowed material from entering the larynx which leads to the lungs, and provides a path for a food or liquid bolus to "slide" into the esophagus; the hyo-laryngeal complex is also pulled upwards to assist this process. Stimulation of the larynx by aspirated food or liquid produces a strong cough reflex to protect the lungs.
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As there is no enzymatic proteolytic activity at this stage, the level of H-NMR, a spectrum used to determine the structure, is still constant because there is no change going on. However, when pepsin takes action, TD-NMR, a special technique used for measuring mobile water population with macromolecular solutes, reveals that progressive unbundling of meat fibers helps pepsin activity to digest. TD-NMR data proves that bolus structure changes considerably during the first part of digestion and water molecules, consequently, leave the spaces inside the myofibrils and fiber bundles. This results in a low level of water that can be detected in duodenal stage.
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Patients and dentists both have a mutualistic, indispensable role in the construction of a fully functional denture, which include elements such as adequate retention, stability, extensions and aesthetic appearance. Apart from the balanced occlusion schemes as described above, other approaches for obtaining functional occlusion in complete dentures have been proposed. The concept of "Non-Balanced Occlusion" was based on the difficulty of achieving this, not only in the prosthetics laboratory, but for patients with displaceable mucosae. Then there is the much-quoted truism first cited by Boucher "Enter Bolus, Exit Balance"; whenever the patient masticates food on their working side, it negates the balance on the opposing side.
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Many pathogens are too large to fit through the small pores of the peritrophic matrix, and thus have evolved specialized mechanisms of evading being filtered out by the matrix. Since type I peritrophic matrixes are secreted in response to the presence of a food bolus in the midgut, some pathogens simply invade the epithelial cells before the matrix is excreted. Many helminth microfilaria and arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) are transmitted to the mosquito in their infective form and are able to immediately invade mosquito tissue. However, other pathogens such as the malaria protozoan must first develop into an infective stage within the midgut before invading other tissues.
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Intra-arterial injections of SRTX-b causes a dose- dependent increase in perfusion pressure at doses ranging from 30 to 300 pmol. The vasoconstrictor activity of SRTX-b is less remarkable than that of ET-1 at doses lower than 100 pmol, while at a dose of 300 pmol the activity of SRTX-b is greater than that of ET-1. The time required for the recovery of perfusion pressure to baselines after a bolus injection of 300 pmol SRTX-b is shorter than that of ET-1. The threshold vasoconstrictor dose of SRTX-a is 3 times larger than that of SRTX-b.
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The general form of this treatment is an intermediate- acting basal insulin with a regimen of food and insulin every 12 hours, with the insulin injection following the meal. The most commonly used intermediate- acting insulins are NPH, also referred to as isophane, or Caninsulin, also known as Vetsulin, a porcine Lente insulin. While the normal diabetes routine is timed feedings with insulin shots following the meals, dogs unwilling to adhere to this pattern can still attain satisfactory regulation. Most dogs do not require basal/bolus insulin injections; treatment protocol regarding consistency in the diet's calories and composition along with the established feeding and injection times is generally a suitable match for the chosen intermediate-acting insulin.
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In 1924, Robert Harold Compton described Aster schlechteri. When Grau in 1973 wanted to assign the taxon to Felicia, the oldest epithet, elongatus, was not available because Aster elongatus described by Carl Thunberg in 1800, is the basionym of Felicia elongata. He therefore made the combination Felicia filifolia subsp. schlechteri. In 1867 Harry Bolus described Fresenia fasciculata based on a specimen he collected in the Sneeuberge between Graaff- Reinet and Murraysburg. In 1924, Robert Harold Compton described Aster schlechteri. In 1931, Compton described both Aster bodkinii and Felicia teres. In 1973, Grau regarded these names synonyms and belonging to the fourth subspecies of Felicia filifolia, which he named subsp. bodkinii. The species is considered part of the section Lignofelicia.
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By early 1970, after a stint as The Butcher for promoter Ed Farhat in Detroit, he eventually ended up in Vancouver's NWA All-Star Wrestling, where then-promoter Gene Kiniski billed him under his real name as "Mighty" John Quinn. Teaming with "Bulldog" Bob Brown, he defeated Dean Higuchi & Steve Bolus to win the NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship on February 9, 1970. Losing the title to Don Leo Jonathan & Duncan McTavish on September 7, Quinn would team with Dutch Savage to regain the title, defeating Don Leo Jonathan & Steven Little Bear on February 15, 1971. He and Savage would lose the title a month later to Dean Higuchi & Steven Little Bear on March 15.
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He is stranded there when Emmet steals his motorcycle's fuel line and Maureen steals his booster fuel. Emmet's truck is blown up by a biker gang called the Cavefish, destroying the bridge over Poyahoga Gorge, which Ben needs to cross. Having replaced his fuel line and gotten advice from the Polecats' former leader, Father Torque (Hamilton Camp), Ben outwits Nestor and Bolus and does battle with members of rival biker gangs in order to acquire hover equipment, booster fuel, and a ramp, with which he is able to jump his motorcycle over the gorge. Ben locates Maureen, who is a member of rival biker gang the Vultures, at the Vulture's hideout, a large cargo aircraft.
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The plan works and results in the deaths of Bolus and Nestor, while the Vultures recover the winner's prize: a special motorcycle built by Malcolm and Maureen that contains a hidden pass code to Malcolm's safe, in which Ben finds Malcolm's recorded will and testament. Ben exposes Ripburger during the shareholders meeting by projecting Miranda's photos of the murder and playing Malcolm's will, in which he leaves leadership of Corley Motors to Maureen and exposes Ripburger as a sham. Ripburger flees in a semi-trailer truck, but as Ben and Maureen ride away he reappears and rams them. The Vultures arrive driving their flightless cargo plane, which scoops up the truck along with Ben, Maureen, and Ben's bike.
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Stapf designated the holotype of this species to be the afore-mentioned P. humiflora specimen collected by Drummond in the 18th century; it is without a precise collection locale, and is likely lost. In the 19th century the species was collected again by Zeyher, and later the South African Harry Bolus, both in the mountains in the area of Swellendam. Zeyher gives two, possibly three, locations near Swellendam, and he apparently also collected it somewhere along the banks of a place he called the 'Keurboom Rivier', which according to Phillips was in what in his time was the Knysna Division. The original herbarium sheet has all of these localities on the label of his specimen 3676.
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After introducing additional British painters and sculptors such as Ivon Hitchens, Elisabeth Frink, and William Turnbull, the gallery became known for championing British contemporary art. Following the opening of the Victor Waddington gallery in 1966, Leslie Waddington increased the scope of contemporary British artists. Artists featured in Bryan Robertson’s New Generations exhibitions—which were held at the Whitechapel Gallery in the mid-60s—were particular favourites, with artists such as David Annesley and Michael Bolus being featured at Waddington. The gallery also promoted post-war American art in Britain, upon being renamed Waddington Galleries I. From 1969, and throughout the 1970s, American Color Field painters such as Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, and Jules Olitski were featured heavily.
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Oxygen and other compressed gasses are used in conjunction with a nebulizer to allow the delivery of medications to the upper and/or lower airways. Nebulizers use compressed gas to propel liquid medication into an aerosol, with specific therapeutically sized droplets, for deposition in the appropriate, desired portion of the airway. A typical compressed gas flow rate of 8–10 L/min is used to nebulize medications, saline, sterile water, or a mixture of the preceding into a therapeutic aerosol for inhalation. In the clinical setting room air (ambient mix of several gasses), molecular oxygen, and Heliox are the most common gases used to nebulize a bolus or a continuous volume of therapeutic aerosols.
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Disphyma crassifolium was first published in 1753 as Mesembryanthemum crassifolium by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum from species collected in southern Africa. In 1925, Nicholas Edward Brown raised the genus Disphyma in The Gardeners' Chronicle and in 1927 Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus moved Linnaeus's M. crassifolium into the new genus as Disphyma crassifolium in the botanical magazine Flowering Plants of South Africa. In 1803, Adrian Hardy Haworth described Mesmbryanthemum clavellatum in his book Miscellanea Naturalia, sive Dissertationes Variae ad Historiam Naturalem Spectantes from plants raised from seed collected in Australia by Robert Brown. In 1976, Robert Chinnock moved M. clavellatum to the genus Disphyma as D. clavellatum in the New Zealand Journal of Botany.
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Echolocating bats couple sound production with the mechanisms engaged for flight, allowing them to reduce the additional energy burden of echolocation. Instead of pressurizing a bolus of air for the production of sound, laryngeally echolocating bats likely use the force of the downbeat of their wings to pressurize the air, cutting energetic costs by synchronizing wingbeats and echolocation. The loss of echolocation (or conversely, the lack of its evolution) may be due to the uncoupling of flight and echolocation in megabats. The larger average body size of megabats compared to echolocating bats suggests a larger body size disrupts the flight- echolocation coupling and made echolocation too energetically expensive to be conserved in megabats.
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Meanwhile, Vinero and his private army are heading for the lost city in two separate parties, one led by Vinero and the other party has Ramel. Vinero's uniformed private army is well equipped with American World War II small arms, an M5A1 Stuart light tank, an M3 Half-track and a Bell 47 helicopter. Tarzan catches up with Ramel's party, the leopard is killed and Tarzan kills Vinero's thugs. Tarzan calls Vinero on a walkie-talkie and tells him what has happened and warns Vinero not to continue, Vinero sends a helicopter which Tarzan, using a captured M1919 Browning machine gun (that he fires from the hip but misses) and then a bolus of Mk 2 grenades, brings down.
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In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use. In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus.
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The palatopharyngeal folds on each side of the pharynx are brought close together through the superior constrictor muscles, so that only a small bolus can pass. 7) Opening of the auditory tube The actions of the levator palatini (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X), tensor palatini (Vc) and salpingopharyngeus (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X) in the closure of the nasopharynx and elevation of the pharynx opens the auditory tube, which equalises the pressure between the nasopharynx and the middle ear. This does not contribute to swallowing, but happens as a consequence of it. 8) Closure of the oropharynx The oropharynx is kept closed by palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus—IX, X), the intrinsic muscles of tongue (XII) and styloglossus (XII).
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The clinical significance of this finding is that patients with a baseline of compromised lung function will, over a period of time, develop respiratory distress as a meal progresses. Subsequently, false vocal fold adduction, adduction of the aryepiglottic folds and retroversion of the epiglottis take place. The aryepiglotticus (recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus) contracts, causing the arytenoids to appose each other (closes the laryngeal aditus by bringing the aryepiglottic folds together), and draws the epiglottis down to bring its lower half into contact with arytenoids, thus closing the aditus. Retroversion of the epiglottis, while not the primary mechanism of protecting the airway from laryngeal penetration and aspiration, acts to anatomically direct the food bolus laterally towards the piriform fossa.
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An esophageal food bolus obstruction is a medical emergency caused by the obstruction of the esophagus by an ingested foreign body. It is usually associated with diseases that may narrow the lumen of the esophagus, such as eosinophilic esophagitis, Schatzki rings, peptic strictures, webs, or cancers of the esophagus; rarely it can be seen in disorders of the movement of the esophagus, such as nutcracker esophagus. While some esophageal food boli can pass by themselves or with the assistance of medications, some require the use of endoscopy to push the obstructing food into the stomach, or remove it from the esophagus. The use of glucagon, while common, has not been found to be useful.
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This phenomenon, ecological naivete, has resulted in declines in many species and was implicated in the extinction of the Guadalupe storm petrel. Already in 1910 Godman wrote: This albatross bolus found in the Hawaiian Islands includes flotsam that was ingested but successfully ejected along with other indigestible matter. If such flotsam cannot be ejected it may cause sickness or death. Introduced herbivores may unbalance the ecology of islands; introduced rabbits destroyed the forest understory on Cabbage Tree Island off New South Wales, which increased the vulnerability of the Gould's petrels nesting on the island to natural predators, and left them vulnerable to the sticky fruits of the native birdlime tree (Pisonia umbellifera).
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In much of a digestive tract such as the human gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle tissue contracts in sequence to produce a peristaltic wave, which propels a ball of food (called a bolus before being transformed into chyme in the stomach) along the tract. Peristaltic movement comprises relaxation of circular smooth muscles, then their contraction behind the chewed material to keep it from moving backward, then longitudinal contraction to push it forward. Earthworms use a similar mechanism to drive their locomotion, and some modern machinery imitates this design. The word comes from New Latin and is derived from the Greek peristellein, "to wrap around," from peri-, "around" + stellein, "draw in, bring together; set in order".
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The blood sugar correction factor sets both the "proportional gain" and "integral gain" factors for the four feedback loops. When taken too low, deviations from the target blood sugar level are not corrected for effectively, when taken too high, the blood sugar regulation will become unstable. Since in this approach, the carbohydrate ratio is only used to account for non-standard carbohydrate intakes, it is usually not required to work with meal specific ratios. Proper modeling of the amount of insulin remaining to act in the person's body is essential in this strategy, for instance to ensure that any adjustment in the amount of basal insulin is accounted for when calculating the bolus amounts needed for the meals.
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As mentioned, permissive hypotension (restrictive fluid therapy) is unwise. Careful fluid overload and administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate is wise, especially if the crushing weight is on the patient for more than 4 hours, but often if it persists more than one hour. The San Francisco emergency services protocol calls for a basic adult dose of a 2 L bolus of normal saline followed by 500 ml/h, limited for "pediatric patients and patients with history of cardiac or renal dysfunction." Use of a tourniquet can stall the life-threatening consequences of a crush related injury and can be a second option if the person cannot immediately have the fluids that were lost be medically replaced back into the body.
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From 2000 to 2005, Krause studied biochemistry in Leipzig and at the University College Cork in Ireland. In 2005 he obtained his diploma with the publication The mitochondrial genome of the woolly mammoth at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, followed by a doctoral dissertation in 2008 under Svante Pääbo entitled From genes to genomes: Applications for multiplex PCR in Ancient DNA Research regarding genetic investigations into Neanderthals and cave bears.Michael Bolus: Laudatio: Dr. Johannes Krause, Preisträger des zwölften Tübinger Förderpreises für Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie (pdf; 155 kB), In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte, Band 19, 2010, S. 7–10. In 2010, for his doctoral thesis he was awarded the Tübingen Award for Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology.
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Over 30,000 players from across the United States and the world have attended his basketball camps. Bolus serves as a consultant for various basketball events across the United States including a 5-year period as a player selector for the Kentucky Derby Festival Classic All-Star Game held annually before the Kentucky Derby at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. He is currently a member of the Naismith Board of Selectors Prep Player of the Year. He also organized his own basketball events known as the "Blue-Chip" Basketball Shootouts which were held at Bellarmine University between 2001 and 2004 where future NBA athletes such as Kevin Durant, Rajon Rondo, Ty Lawson, and Brandan Wright showcased their talents for their respective high school teams.
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Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) is a 2-day (with an additional self study day) American Heart Association training program co-branded with the American Academy of Pediatrics. The goal of the course is to aid the pediatric healthcare provider in developing the knowledge and skills necessary to efficiently and effectively manage critically ill infants and children, resulting in improved outcomes. Professional healthcare providers use PALS during the stabilization and transportation phases of a pediatric emergency, in or out of hospital. Skills taught include recognition and treatment of infants and children at risk for cardiopulmonary arrest; the systematic approach to pediatric assessment; effective respiratory management; defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion; intraosseous access and fluid bolus administration; and effective resuscitation team dynamics.
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Even the characters have Virgilian counterparts, with Booth being comparable to Aeneas and Miss Mathews Fielding's version of Dido. Fielding does not shy away from such comparisons, but embraces them with his use of the line "Furens quid Foemina possit" (translated as "what a woman can do in frenzy"), in Book IV, Chapter Five; this line is directly taken from the Aeneid. Likewise, Fielding's bailiff misstates Virgil's "dolus an virtus, quis in hoste requirat" (translated as "whether deceit or valour, who would ask in the enemy") when he says "Bolus and Virtus, quis in a Hostess equirit" in Book VIII, Chapter One. However, these are not the only quotes, and Fielding cites many passages of Latin and Greek while not providing direct translations for them.
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Fish remains between the jaws of specimen AMNH 5098 The diet of Pteranodon is known to have included fish; fossilized fish bones have been found in the stomach area of one Pteranodon, and a fossilized fish bolus has been found between the jaws of another Pteranodon, specimen AMNH 5098. Numerous other specimens also preserve fragments of fish scales and vertebrae near the torso, indicating that fish made up a majority of the diet of Pteranodon (though they may also have taken invertebrates). Traditionally, most researchers have suggested that Pteranodon would have taken fish by dipping their beaks into the water while in low, soaring flight. However, this was probably based on the assumption that the animals could not take off from the water surface.
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In most vertebrates, digestion is a multistage process in the digestive system, starting from ingestion of raw materials, most often other organisms. Ingestion usually involves some type of mechanical and chemical processing. Digestion is separated into four steps: # Ingestion: placing food into the mouth (entry of food in the digestive system), # Mechanical and chemical breakdown: mastication and the mixing of the resulting bolus with water, acids, bile and enzymes in the stomach and intestine to break down complex molecules into simple structures, # Absorption: of nutrients from the digestive system to the circulatory and lymphatic capillaries through osmosis, active transport, and diffusion, and # Egestion (Excretion): Removal of undigested materials from the digestive tract through defecation. Underlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis.
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The party that called itself the "Clean Party", was comprised predominantly of recent immigrant English merchants and businessmen, who favoured a cleaner city with greater infrastructure to encourage investment. (With Stigant, they were led by William Fleming, W.M. Farmer, H. Bolus, J.L. Brown and A.R. McKenzie) They had the support of the Cape Times and Lantern newspapers. They opposed the party of the ratepayers association, which they dubbed the "Dirty Party", which was comprised predominantly of Malay, Coloured and Afrikaner residents and both small & large property owners. They were less afraid of the dirty streets than of being pushed out of areas of the city by the higher rates which would be needed in order to pay for the proposed new infrastructure.
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A recent study was carried out with 1,264 patients with stage III colon cancer. The patients were treated with a postoperative weekly adjuvant bolus of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FU/LV) or else with irinotecan+FU/LV and were followed up for 8 years. Eleven percent of the tumors were deficient for DNA repair enzyme MRE11 due to a deletion of a string of thymidines in the DNA sequence of the MRE11 gene. The addition of irinotecan to FU/LV in the treatment protocol resulted in MRE11-deficient patients having better long- term disease free survival than patients with wild-type MRE11 (though the effect was small), indicating some degree of synthetic lethality between irinotecan-induced TOP1 inactivation and MRE11 deficiency.
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Other medications (hyoscine butylbromide, benzodiazepines and opioids) have been studied but the evidence is limited. Hyoscine butylbromide (also known as Buscopan) is used intravenously as a treatment in some cases, although there is a small risk of serious side effects in people who may have underlying cardiac issues such as high blood pressure, tachycardia, or heart disease. Historical treatment of food bolus obstruction included administration of proteolytic enzymes (such as meat tenderizers) with the purpose of degrading the meat that was blocked; however, it is possible that these methods may increase the risk of perforation of the esophagus. Other modalities rarely used now include removal of boluses using catheters, and the use of large-bore tubes inserted into the esophagus to forcefully lavage it.
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The contrast agents used for DCE-MRI are often gadolinium based. Interaction with the gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent (commonly a gadolinium ion chelate) causes the relaxation time of water protons to decrease, and therefore images acquired after gadolinium injection display higher signal in T1-weighted images indicating the present of the agent. It is important to note that, unlike some techniques such as PET imaging, the contrast agent is not imaged directly, but by an indirect effect on water protons. The common procedure for a DCE-MRI exam is to acquire a regular T1-weighted MRI scan (with no gadolinium), and then gadolinium is injected (usually as an intravenous bolus at a dose of 0.05–0.1 mmol/kg) before further T1-weighted scanning.
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Cill Rialaig is a contemporary arts project, comprising the Cill Rialaig Artist Retreat and the Cill Rialaig Arts Centre with exhibition and retail facilities, founded by Noelle Campbell-Sharp in 1991 and managed by a registered charity. The operations are located a few kilometres apart, in the townlands of Cill Rialaigh and Dún Geágaín within the broad area of Ballinskelligs, on Bolus Head, County Kerry, Ireland. Since opening, the retreat has hosted more than 5,000 painters, writers, photographers, potters, composers, choreographers, and other artists, from a wide range of countries, on residencies. The project has been supported by prominent patrons, local and Dublin-based committees, representative art galleries in Dublin, and Irish state bodies such as Údarás na Gaeltachta, FÁS and the Arts Council.
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"Pewet" made her racecourse debut on 5 May at Malton when she started favourite for a sweepstakes over one and a half miles and won from the colts Bolus and Telescope. The filly did not reappear until 22 September when she was one of six three-year-olds to contest the St Leger over two miles at Doncaster Racecourse. Ridden by William Wilson she finished second to the Duke of Hamilton's black colt by Laurel (later named Zanga), but was awarded the victory when the judge's decided that the colt's jockey had been guilty of "jostling". On her only other start of the season she returned to Malton on 13 October and finished second to Lord Archibald Hamilton's bay colt by Highflyer (later named Walnut).
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A form with narrow leaves from Gydo Pass was collected and described by Harry Bolus in 1889, who called it Pelargonium gramineum. A second form with narrow leaves, but flowering later in the season with white to pale pink flowers, found in the Cederberg Mountains was named by Reinhard Knuth Pelargonium angustissimum. He described it in a book by Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer in 1912. Since the structure of the flowers of all these forms is identical, they have the same number of chromosomes, the extremes in leaf shape grade into each other and the distribution is not disjunct, J.J.A. van der Walt and Loretta van Zyl-Hugo in their revision of Pelargonium section Campylia of 1988, considered all of these names synonymous.
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Chyme or chymus (; from Greek χυμός khymos, "juice"Chyme, Online Etymology Dictionaryχυμός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library) is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person's stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenumchyme, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (the beginning of the small intestine). Chyme results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes to 3 hours at most.
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Protein C in plasma in the steady state has a half life of 6- to 10-hour, therefore, patients with severe protein C deficiency and presenting with purpura fulminans can be treated acutely with an initial bolus of protein C concentrate 100 IU/kg followed by 50 IU /kg every 6 hours. A total of 1 IU/kg of protein C concentrate or 1 mL/kg of fresh frozen plasma will increase the plasma concentration of protein C by 1 IU/dL. Cases with comorbid pathological bleeding may require additional transfusions with platelet concentrate (10–15 mL/kg) or cryoprecipitate (5 mL/kg). Established soft tissue necrosis may require surgical removal of the dead tissue, fasciotomy, amputation or reconstructive surgery.
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Le Dernier Cri is a Marseille based publishing house focused on publishing books, prints, silkscreens, posters and original art of visual artists that produce underground art. Pakito Bolino and Caroline Sury started the organisation in 1992. Besides publishing art le Dernier Cri also sets up other activities such as film screening, and expositions. They have published works of Matthias Lehmann, Mike Diana, Fredox, Marcel Ruijters, Pakito Bolino, Caroline Sury, Henriette Valium, Ichiba Daisuke, Matti Hagelberg, Stu Mead, Blexbolex, Quentin Faucompré, Moolinex, Charles Burns, Keiti Ota, Reinhard Scheibner, Frédéric Poincelet, Nuvish, Les Frères Guedin, Atak, Jonathon Rosen, Rémi, Kerozen, Laetitia Brochier, Stéphane Blanquet, Francis Masse, Manuel Ocampo, Andy Bolus, Dave 2000, Sven Baslev .... In 2014 the organisation organised a big exhibition called Mangaro about 40 years of underground manga in La Friche.
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Guthriea capensis is an acaulescent perennial herb endemic to South Africa and occurring in cool and damp sites facing south or east in the mountains of the Cape Province, Lesotho and KwaZulu-Natal. Guthriea is monotypic and was named after the botanist and mathematician Francis Guthrie by his friend the botanist Harry Bolus. This ground-hugging species with a rhizome and fleshy roots forms a compact rosette of some 20-30 broadly elliptic or cordate discolorous leaves with crenate margins, measuring about 50 x 75 mm, glossy above with deeply indented venation hiding creamy-green flowers which are solitary and stalked. Guthriea belongs to the family Achariaceae, a family which now includes various species previously placed in the Flacourtiaceae, such as Kiggelaria africana, Rawsonia lucida and Xylotheca kraussiana.
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An original Mathmos Astro lava lamp A lava lamp is a decorative lamp, invented in 1963 by British entrepreneur Edward Craven Walker, the founder of the lighting company Mathmos. The lamp consists of a bolus of a special coloured wax mixture inside a glass vessel, the remainder of which contains clear or translucent liquid; the vessel is then placed on a box containing an incandescent light bulb whose heat causes temporary reductions in the density of the wax and surface tension of the liquid. The warmed wax rises through the surrounding liquid, cools, loses its buoyancy, and falls back to the bottom of the vessel in a cycle that is visually suggestive of pāhoehoe lava, hence the name. The lamps are designed in a variety of styles and colours.
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They deal with (a) the inertial filling forces of blood return into the atrium (preload), which stretch the myocardial fibers, thus storing energy in them, (b) the force by which the heart muscle fibers shorten thus releasing the energy stored in them in order to expel part of blood in the ventricle into the vasculature (contractility), and (c) the forces the pump has to overcome in order to deliver a bolus of blood into the aorta per each contraction (afterload). The level of preload is currently assessed either from the PAOP (pulmonary artery occluded pressure) in a catheterized patient, or from EDI (end-diastolic index) by use of ultrasound. Contractility is not routinely assessed; quite often inotropy and contractility are interchanged as equal terms. Afterload is assessed from the SVRI value. Fig.
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The Animas Vibe includes a delivery system with basal rate increments as low as 0.025 U/hr, bolus ranges from 0.05 U to 35 U, colored CGM with a 13% Mean Absolute Relative Difference (ARD), is waterproof to 12 feet for 24 hours (pump), and has customizable alarms for detecting high and low glucose levels. In June 2014, the Animas Vibe revealed promising data through a Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation collaborative study where twelve study participants maintained minimum exposure of hypoglycemic blood glucose levels, deemed at glucose <70 mg/dL, for 99.1% of the study duration. This success was made possible by the integration of Animas' predictive hypoglycemia-minimizing algorithm and Dexcom's G4 PLATINUM CGM. The Animas Vibe varied in insulin dosing response dependent upon an "aggressiveness factor".
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Bubbles in the water can be produced either by aerating it mechanically (in some cases using jets that also move the water) using equipment installed permanently or temporarily in a bathtub, hot tub, or pool, or by producing gas in the water in a bathtub through the use of effervescent solids. The latter can come as small pellets known as bath fizzies or as a bolus known as a bath bomb, and they produce carbon dioxide by reaction of a bicarbonate or carbonate with an organic acid. Fizzing bath products came into use as effervescent bath salts early in the 20th century; the bath bomb became a popular form late in that century. Bath fizzies are infeasible as liquids because of the inability to keep the mixture from reacting prematurely.
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Insulin degludec (INN/USAN) is an ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue that was developed by Novo Nordisk under the brand name Tresiba. It is administered via subcutaneous injection once daily to help control the blood sugar level of those with diabetes. It has a duration of action that lasts up to 42 hours (compared to 18 to 26 hours provided by other marketed long-acting insulins such as insulin glargine and insulin detemir), making it a once-daily basal insulin, that is one that provides a base insulin level, as opposed to the fast- and short-acting bolus insulins. Insulin degludec is a modified insulin that has one single amino acid deleted in comparison to human insulin, and is conjugated to hexadecanedioic acid via gamma-L-glutamyl spacer at the amino acid lysine at position B29.
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Swallowing involves the coordinated contraction of more than 25 pairs of muscles in the oropharynx, larynx and esophagus, which are active during an oropharyngeal phase, followed by the primary esophageal peristalsis. Swallowing depends on a CPG located in the medulla oblongata, which involves several brain stem motor nuclei and two main groups of interneurons: a dorsal swallowing group (DSG) in the nucleus tractus solitarii and a ventral swallowing group (VSG) located in the ventrolateral medulla above the nucleus ambiguus. Neurons in the DSG are responsible for the generation of the swallowing pattern, while those in the VSG distribute the commands to the various motoneuronal pools. As in other CPGs, the functioning of the central network can be modulated by peripheral and central inputs, so that the swallowing pattern is adapted to the size of the bolus.
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Gantacurium chloride is not associated with histamine release when administered as a rapid bolus (<5 seconds administration time) at doses up to and including 0.45 mg/kg (≤2.5xED95) according to one small study in healthy human volunteers. At 0.54 mg/kg (just under 3xED95 dose), one of four volunteers experienced histamine release with associated hypotension (30% maximum decrease in blood pressure and 13% maximum increase in heart rate) but no cutaneous flushing. At the highest administered dose of 0.72 mg/kg, three of four volunteers experienced histamine release with associated hypotension (17% to 34% maximum decrease in blood pressure and 16% to 25% increase in heart rate) and cutaneous flushing. These effects were transient and lasted no more than two minutes and did not require any adjunctive treatment to address the changes in blood pressure or heart rate.
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Some of the same drugs used in general anesthesia are also used for twilight anesthesia, except in smaller doses and in a bolus interval (a concentrated mass of a substance administered intravenously for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes). These drugs can be administered via gases, such as nitrous oxide (laughing gas), or intravenously, with drugs such as ketamine (pediatrics primarily, and infrequently in adults), propofol, and midazolam. Twilight anesthesia alone is not used to provide relief from surgical pain; therefore, it is always given in conjunction with a local or regional anesthetic. Additionally, IV sedation is frequently administered as a concoction of several agents including those previously mentioned for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as a benzodiazepine (usually midazolam, but temazepam or flunitrazepam are also used via the oral route) and a narcotic/systemic analgesic such as demerol or fentanyl.
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One theoretical advantage of glargine and detemir is that they only need to be administered once a day, although in practice many people find that neither lasts a full 24 hours. They can be administered at any time during the day as well, provided that they are given at the same time every day. Another advantage of long-acting insulins is that the basal component of an insulin regimen (providing a minimum level of insulin throughout the day) can be decoupled from the prandial or bolus component (providing mealtime coverage via ultra-short-acting insulins), while regimens using NPH and regular insulin have the disadvantage that any dose adjustment affects both basal and prandial coverage. Glargine and detemir are significantly more expensive than NPH, lente and ultralente, and they cannot be mixed with other forms of insulin.
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In 1981 he settled in South Africa, working at the National Botanic Garden at Worcester from 1982–89, and finishing his work on the succulent Stapelieae of Southern Africa, publishing the results in Excelsa. From 1990 he worked as Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Botany at the University of the North near Pietersburg, where, before his death, he worked on the succulent Euphorbieae for Flora Zambeziaca.Sabonet He was awarded the Harry Bolus Medal by the Botanical Society of Southern Africa in 1968, the Rhodesia Scientific Association's Gold Medal in 1977 and had fellowship of the Cactus and Succulent Society of America conferred in 1983.Botanical Exploration of Southern Africa - Gunn & Codd He is commemorated in numerous specific names such as Aloe leachii Reynolds, Huernia leachii Lavranos, Dombeya leachii Wild, the Asclepiad genus Larryleachia and the Choreocolacaceae genus Leachiella Plowes.
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These ear tags and boluses are complemented by transport documents supplied by vendors that are used for identification and tracking. A similar system is used for cattle in the European Union (EU), each bovine animal having a passport document and tag in each ear carrying the same number (see British Cattle Movement Service). Sheep and goats in the EU have a tag in one or both ears carrying the official number of their flock and also for breeding stock an individual number for each animal; one of these tags (usually the left) must have a RFID chip (or the chip may instead be carried in a rumen bolus or on an anklet). An ear tag can be applied with an ear tag applicator, however there are also specially- designed tags that can be applied by hand.
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The Round Reading Room of the Maughan Library, the main academic library of King's College London The interior of Sofia University's main library in Sofia, Bulgaria University Library Leiden, the Netherlands, in 1694. La nouvelle bibliothèque, from Les delices de Leide, une des célèbres villes de l'Europe, Leiden: P. van der Aa, 1712 Bolus Herbarium Library at the University of Cape Town in South Africa Uris Library and McGraw Tower, Cornell University The Old Library of Keio University in Tokyo, Japan An academic library is a library that is attached to a higher education institution and serves two complementary purposes: to support the curriculum, and to support the research of the university faculty and students. It is unknown how many academic libraries there are worldwide. An academic and research portal maintained by UNESCO links to 3,785 libraries.
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Bolus was born in Whitkirk, Leeds, Yorkshire. He learned his cricket with Whitkirk before moving to Leeds in 1953, and then to Bradford. He began his first-class career in his native Yorkshire in 1956, playing for seven years. His first-class debut was Yorkshire versus M.C.C., at Lords, in 1956. He played 107 matches for Yorkshire, with a highest score of 146 not out against Hampshire at Portsmouth in 1960. His best bowling figures were 4 for 40 against Pakistan at Park Avenue in 1962. He moved on to Nottinghamshire in 1963, after Yorkshire opted for a relative unknown, Geoffrey Boycott, who was six years younger. For Nottinghamshire he played 269 matches, with a highest score of 202 not out against Glamorgan at Trent Bridge in 1963, and best bowling figures of 2 for 24 against the West Indies, also at Trent Bridge in 1966.
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Phillips neglected to supply a clear type for any of the species he described in 1910, but in 1912 Otto Stapf designated three sets of specimens to typify Phillips' new species: the Bodkin collection and two collections by Peter MacOwan made at the same locality, including one in his personal herbarium (#2907). Syntypes of Bodkin's original collections are housed at the herbarium at Kew and the Bolus Herbarium. MacOwan also exchanged specimen sheets to herbaria around the world with his Herbarium Normale Austro–Africanum series, which he used to build up the collection of the Government Herbarium at Cape Town. One of the sheets in this series, #913, is a collection of this species from the same Pass collected by MacOwan likely sometime in the late 1880s, was also used by Phillips, and designated as a syntype by Stapf -albeit that there were copies in many herbaria.
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The first stage of what became a multi-phase project was the Cill Rialaig Artist Retreat, founded by Noelle Campbell-Sharp, a former magazine publisher also active on Dublin's social scene. Campbell- Sharp, who had a holiday home in the area, was aware of a ruined 18th century village on Bolus Head on the Iveragh Peninsula in western County Kerry, which was threatened by a potential road-widening scheme, and proposed its reconstruction and dedication as a retreat for creative workers, including painters, photographers, composers and writers, from Ireland or elsewhere, to spend some quiet time in which to continue, or refresh, their work. The village had lost its last occupant in the 1950s, and the buildings were a mix of wholly disassembled and semi-collapsed. Campbell-Sharp established a voluntary board, supported by a local golf committee, and social, wine appreciation and art auction committees in Dublin.
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An essential principle of SFA is the introduction of air bubbles. The air bubbles segment each sample into discrete packets and act as a barrier between packets to prevent cross contamination as they travel down the length of the glass tubing. The air bubbles also assist mixing by creating turbulent flow (bolus flow), and provide operators with a quick and easy check of the flow characteristics of the liquid. Samples and standards are treated in an exactly identical manner as they travel the length of the fluidic pathway, eliminating the necessity of a steady state signal, however, since the presence of bubbles create an almost square wave profile, bringing the system to steady state does not significantly decrease throughput ( third generation CFA analyzers average 90 or more samples per hour) and is desirable in that steady state signals (chemical equilibrium) are more accurate and reproducible.
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The parcel remained unopened until after Smuts' death in 1950 when it was passed on to Illtyd Pole-Evans, who in 1930 had accompanied John Hutchinson and Jan Smuts on a two-month botanising expedition through Southern and Northern Rhodesia to Nyasaland and Lake Tanganyika. Pole Evans passed the paintings on to Mary Gunn, librarian at the Botanical Research Institute, who immediately recognised them as the long sought-after collection. After being displayed at an exhibition held at the Johannesburg Public Library in November 1951, the Smuts family presented the paintings to the University of Cape Town, which passed them on to the library of the Bolus Herbarium. Eleven of the plates from this collection were published under the title 'More Cape Flowers by a Lady' in 1964, while the same plates, with the addition of two more and biographical material, appeared under the title 'Arabella Roupell' in 1975.
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At the conclusion of his high school career at Park Tudor School, Ferrell was rated the No. 19 player and No. 3 point guard in the class of 2012 by Rivals.com, the No. 32 player by Scout.com, and the No. 24 player and No. 3 point guard in the ESPNU 100. He was rated best passer, best speed, and best point guard in Indiana by Rivals, and the best player in Indiana in the November 2011 edition of Rick Bolus' High Potential rankings. In his junior year of high school, Ferrell averaged 18.5 points, 6.6 assists and 3.1 rebounds per game, leading Park Tudor to a 26–2 record and the 2A IHSAA State Championship, recording 14 points, six assists and five rebounds in the championship game. The game, a 43–42 win over the Bishop Noll Institute, was played at Conseco Fieldhouse in front of 11,035 fans and a statewide television audience.
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On March 29 at the St. Joseph City Auditorium, he would reunite with The Viking in the semi-main event to challenge Fuji and Yokochi for the tag team titles; however, the two began fighting with each other as the match started and were counted out. Later that night, he and The Viking would also be included in a 12½-man battle royal which included Bob Orton, Sr., Steve Bolus, Pat O'Connor, Terry Martin, Rufus R. Jones, "Black" Jack Black, Yasu Fuji and Chati Yokochi, Omar Atlas, Black Angus Campbell and Percival Friend. While attempting to throw Percival Friend over the top rope, Danny Little Bear would be eliminated by Earl Black. The winner was to receive a $1,250 purse as well as a title shot against then NWA World Heavyweight Champion Dory Funk, Jr. He and The Stomper would soon begin pursuing the NWA North American Tag Team Champions losing to them in a Texas Death Match on May 12.
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The method by which perfusion to an organ measured by CT is still a relatively new concept, although the original framework and principles were concretely laid out as early as 1980 by Leon Axel at University of California San Francisco. It is most commonly carried out for neuroimaging using dynamic sequential scanning of a pre-selected region of the brain during the injection of a bolus of iodinated contrast material as it travels through the vasculature. Various mathematical models can then be used to process the raw temporal data to ascertain quantitative information such as rate of cerebral blood flow (CBF) following an ischemic stroke or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Practical CT perfusion as performed on modern CT scanners was first described by Ken Miles, Mike Hayball and Adrian Dixon from Cambridge UK and subsequently developed by many individuals including Matthias Koenig and Ernst Klotz in Germany, and later by Max Wintermark in Switzerland and Ting- Yim Lee in Ontario, Canada.
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An insulin analog is an altered form of insulin, different from any occurring in nature, but still available to the human body for performing the same action as human insulin in terms of controlling blood glucose levels in diabetes. Through genetic engineering of the underlying DNA, the amino acid sequence of insulin can be changed to alter its ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) characteristics. Officially, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) refers to these as "insulin receptor ligands", although they are more commonly referred to as insulin analogs. These modifications have been used to create two types of insulin analogs: those that are more readily absorbed from the injection site and therefore act faster than natural insulin injected subcutaneously, intended to supply the bolus level of insulin needed at mealtime (prandial insulin); and those that are released slowly over a period of between 8 and 24 hours, intended to supply the basal level of insulin during the day and particularly at nighttime (basal insulin).
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This area had originally been near the first selected site by the appointed town commissioners for the new Baltimore Town, laid out in 1729. A different location, further northeast on the Basin, head of the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River, was chosen after the landowner John Moale objected to the project on the theory that he had located important iron ore deposits there that he intended to eventually mine and exploit. One hundred and twenty years earlier, during the first explorations and mapping by the famed Captain John Smith, (1580–1631), of the northern Chesapeake Bay, on his 1608 map he had labeled what is now called the Patapsco River as Bolus River, from the Latin word meaning clay, usually holding iron mineral deposits. Charles Carroll the Barrister, (1723-1783), began building the present 2-1/2 story Georgian style central block, incorporating his brother John's kitchen and flanking it with a wash house and an orangery. In 1768, Charles added the projecting bay and Palladian window that dominate the entry facade today.
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1–17 Other techniques supported include principal component analysis (PCA),S. De Vries, Cajo J.F. Ter Braak (1995) Prediction error in partial least squares regression: a critique on the deviation used in The Unscrambler Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 30:239-245 PDF 3-way PLS, multivariate curve resolution, design of experiments, supervised classification, unsupervised classification and cluster analysis.Kristian Helland (1991) UNSCRAMBLER 11, version 3.10: A program for multivariate analysis with PLS and PCA/PCR Journal of Chemometrics 5(4):413-415 The software is used in spectroscopy (IR, NIR, Raman, etc.), chromatography, and process applications in research and non-destructive quality control systems in pharmaceutical manufacturing,M.R. Maleki, A.M. Mouazen, H. Ramon and J. De Baerdemaeker (2006) Multiplicative Scatter Correction during On-line Measurement with Near Infrared Spectroscopy Biosystems Engineering 96(3):427-433 Tatavarti AS, Fahmy R, Wu H, Hussain AS, Marnane W, Bensley D, Hollenbeck G, Hoag SW. Assessment of NIR Spectroscopy for Nondestructive Analysis of Physical and Chemical Attributes of Sulfamethazine Bolus Dosage Forms AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005; 06(01): E91-E99.
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A Desbutal overdose typically becomes life-threatening as a result of acute toxicity from pentobarbital poisoning, since the oral median lethal dose (LD50) of pentobarbital sodium is reached significantly sooner than the oral LD50 of methamphetamine hydrochloride when consumed as dosage units with the mass ratio present in Desbutal. Barbiturate overdose is a medical emergency which was treated with immediate gastric lavage, mechanical ventilation, and intermittent intravenous bolus administration of multiple different drugs, since no selective barbiturate binding site receptor antagonists were clinically available as an antidote, and dosages were dependent on individual patient response. These drugs often included picrotoxin, amiphenazole (Daptazile), bemegride (Megimide), and methamphetamine sulfate (Methedrine) in dosages sometimes exceeding 250mg over the first 24 hour period of being admitted into an intensive care unit (ICU). While a quantitative relationship between the blood levels of barbiturate derivatives and the depression of the central nervous system (CNS) had become established by researchers in 1955, they also emphasized that the accurate correlation of these factors is complicated by the presence of tolerance to the drug, intercurrent disease and senility, as well as the concurrent administration of other noxious substances.
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Present day treatment has evolved from conventional 2 injections per day, to multiple daily injections (MDI) 4-5 per day, to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) having basal doses of as little as 15 minutes and few bolus doses. The objective of CSII is to reduce the long-term variability of blood glucose by increasing the frequency of infusion. In 1995 the ADA issued the statement, "CSII is an acceptable alternative to multiple injection therapy in the management of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus". The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) study showed that CSII patients achieved an A1c of 7.3% (much better than the 9.1% achieved for conventional treatment). This large and controlled study also showed that improvement in glycemic control could reduce the incidence of microvascular complications for type 1 diabetes by 60%. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) achieved similar conclusions when it studied glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The UKPDS results proved that control of glucose levels to near-normal levels delays the onset and slow the progression of microvascular complications for Type 2 diabetes. The DCCT study did, however, find that there was an increase occurrence in episodes of hypoglycemia related to CSII as compared to conventional therapy.
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