The Ogallala Aquifer is used more than any other aquifer in the US, according to Lisa Song writing for Inside Climate News in 2011.
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Check out more videos from VICE: What was the satellite technology used to monitor the aquifer in the study, and how did it help track the health of the aquifer?
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The fees generated by their proposal would be used to fund aquifer recharge, a process by which water is returned to the aquifer through a vast network of soaking pools.
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He recently toured the state's western reaches to promote conservation measures for the Ogallala Aquifer, the nation's largest freshwater aquifer, whose depletion could be detrimental to Kansas' vital agricultural economy.
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So we can track how much the water levels are decreasing in the aquifer by tracking ground deformation, and we can estimate how much has been pumped physically from the aquifer.
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The city has also seen improvements in recharging its aquifer.
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They also note that Ariel sits on a major aquifer.
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The sand acted as an aquifer, regulating the river's flow.
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The polluted aquifer is near the small town of Pavillion, Wyoming.
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UN experts think that aquifer will be irreversibly damaged by 2020.
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The slurry, laden with heavy metals, reportedly poisoned the local aquifer.
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Some 97 percent of the Gaza aquifer is no longer potable.
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So, if water levels drop below their historic level, we're gonna have a permanent decrease in the health of the aquifer and we would lose the capability of retaining water in the aquifer in the long term.
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The Ogallala aquifer supplies large-scale crop irrigation and cattle-watering operations.
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Wealthy residents and businesses pay to drill private wells into the aquifer.
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This aquifer is the primary source of drinking water in the state.
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This aquifer is the primary source of drinking water in the state.
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These factors include, but are not limited to, aquifer type, mineralogy of the aquifer materials, distance of the well from recharge areas, depth of the well, groundwater age, climate, and proximity to sources of salinity, according to the report.
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Seepage continued and the sinkhole reached Florida's aquifer, Mosaic said on its website.
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If pumping stopped in 2067, the aquifer would very slowly fill up again.
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The aquifer supplies drinking water to more than 216 million people in the Great Plains, and experts predict that in a worst-case scenario, a spill from the Keystone XL pipeline over this aquifer could contaminate 2000 billion gallons of water.
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The aquifer supplies drinking water to more than 2 million people in the Great Plains, and experts predict that in a worst-case scenario, a spill from the Keystone XL pipeline over this aquifer could contaminate 5 billion gallons of water.
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Zille's statement added that drilling into the Table Mountain aquifer will also take place.
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A: Currently in India, as much as 72 percent underground water aquifer is overdraft.
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He brews his beers with untreated soft water from the aquifer beneath his farm.
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Meantime the study also revealed a key risk to the Msambweni aquifer, Wara said.
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Rainwater can be "harvested" or may seep into the ground to replenish an aquifer.
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Both Israel and Gaza traditionally drew most of their water from the coastal aquifer.
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As the underground aquifer is depleted, the ground, and the city, slumps ever lower.
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At a certain depth, earth movement can cause trouble, or an aquifer needs sealing.
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The geology of the aquifer that supports these oases is complex and poorly understood.
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They also think that the aquifer is being fed by underground runoff from the shore.
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The Coldwater indigenous band in British Columbia has raised concerns about risks to its aquifer.
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Opponents of the project also say the aquifer that feeds the river could be impacted.
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"The fact that (the contaminants) have arrived in the aquifer is the key," he said.
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If we harvested that water, our aquifer wouldn't be dropping at such a steep rate.
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And he fought back in court against nearby fracking operations that threatened the town's aquifer.
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Deep underneath the Cape Flats is a vast aquifer being tapped by emergency drilling teams.
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Inside the volcano, there's a very rich aquifer that gives drinkable water to half of Sicily.
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Most of St. Joseph's iron comes from its water source -- a Mississippi River aquifer, Faulkner said.
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They rely on the so-called "mountain aquifer", which lies beneath land Israel occupied in 20203.
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The Atlantis Aquifer protection zone will likely be the first focus of the fund, he added.
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Of the planet's 37 major aquifer systems, they discovered, 21 were on the verge of collapse.
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Beneath the centuries of sediment is the aquifer and all of this debris is collected there somewhere.
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Basically, these construction projects can crush an aquifer, so there's no water available in a well anymore.
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In recent years, scientists have detected something disturbing in the Long Island's aquifer: low levels of pharmaceuticals.
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The site is perilously close to the nation's largest aquifer, the Ogallala, that lies under eight states.
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The aquifer provides fresh water to millions of people in fast-growing cities like Jacksonville and Orlando.
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Mercury and dioxin seeped into the aquifer, tainting produce and sheep herds, a source of prized cheese.
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It can mean undrinkable water thanks to the runoff from the Air Force base above the aquifer.
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Typically, a hole should fill up with water from the aquifer and we'd be done with this. Typically.
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The Clean Water Act only protects navigable water, and no one is taking a boat down an aquifer.
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Recharge of that aquifer has been reduced by the dense alien plant infestation on its surface, Stafford said.
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The tanks are continuously filled with fresh water from an aquifer along with a steady flow of oxygen.
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The San Fernando aquifer is "a giant underground water tank" which can provide billions of gallons of water.
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Recharge projects can involve increasing the amount of water moving from the surface to an aquifer below ground.
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Environmentalists vow they will fight on in the courts, because they believe the project will destroy the underground aquifer.
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Freshwater flows through the Biscayne aquifer in a southeasterly direction, mixing with seawater when it arrives at the coast.
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To access this water you need an aquifer, like a well, to pump this water out of the ground.
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"That includes repairing so many of Florida's problems," including the Herbert Hoover Dike, the Florida Aquifer and the Everglades.
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Due to overuse, its main aquifer was contaminated with salt water in 2009, according to a United Nations report.
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Seitz figured that placing some sort of limit on groundwater use was the only way to stabilize the aquifer.
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If they were going to save the aquifer, the farmers would have to administer policies harming their own livelihoods.
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As Lori pointed out, their situation remains, at heart, unchanged: awaiting safeguards, as the aquifer retreats quietly beneath them.
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The big problem was the proposed well sites were perilously close to an aquifer that supplied the town's water.
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With no natural source of water to filter back into the aquifer below, the lake bed itself is sinking.
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It doesn't go back into our aquifer, because they're putting it in a bottle and shipping it somewhere else.
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The pipeline would also cut across the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the world's largest underground deposits of fresh water.
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A gigantic aquifer of mostly freshwater, hugging the coastline from New Jersey up to Massachusetts, sits below the ocean floor.
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What's more, opponents worried that the pipeline's route put the Ogallala Aquifer at risk in the event of a spill.
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"We would have so much crud and chemicals in the Ogallala aquifer that we could never clean up," he said.
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Belated attempts are now being made to bring aquifer water to the surface, as well as an emergency desalination plant.
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But this does not address the deeper problem that there is no let up in the draining of the aquifer.
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"In the State of Sao Paulo there is too much exploitation (of the aquifer)," Villar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
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But even if groundwater can be pumped out, cleaned of PFAS, and reinjected into an aquifer, PFAS elsewhere will persist.
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If all goes as planned, the water will seep down and help replenish an aquifer from which the farm draws.
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The mountain aquifer running down the spine of the West Bank and Israel is also being rapidly depleted and polluted.
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Eight aquifer systems could be categorized as "overstressed": that is, there's hardly any natural recharge to offset the water being consumed.
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Once contaminants reach the aquifer, which extends from central Florida to Georgia, they can potentially travel hundreds of miles, she said.
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Well water is generally safe, but a Reddit user who goes by WaterWaterH20 noted some obvious drawbacks of an aquifer source.
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The fracking would take place only between 26th and 28th Streets, leaving water between 58th and 60th, standard aquifer depth, uncontaminated.
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Huber wasn't surprised to learn that something could live in a "cold crustal aquifer," as she calls this deep-ocean environment.
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Authorities last year said copper and lithium companies operating in the region were drawing more water than the aquifer could support.
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Georgia irrigates water from several sources with aquifers, but the Floridian aquifer beneath the Flint River basin is the hottest source.
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So, after forcing a poor, trembling, geology professor to point out the exact location of the aquifer, Rafa strips down and digs.
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This system will collect radar information from nearly every aquifer in the world, helping countries with conservation efforts by providing essential data.
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For our study, we found that the properties of the aquifer in the Santa Clara Valley did not change during the drought.
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All of these efforts led to a rebound in the water levels in the aquifer system during the drought in late 2014.
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A spill from the Keystone XL pipeline over this aquifer, in a worst-case scenario, could contaminate 5 billion gallons of water.
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Mars hosts a huge underground aquifer of liquid water, according to a group of scientists who say they have found convincing evidence.
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Cape Town's 14 reservoirs and two aquifers - the largest being Atlantis Aquifer - will need to be managed better, said Van der Merwe.
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In this season of political discontent, the notion of dismantling the health insurance system has tapped an aquifer of frustration from voters.
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The Texas blind salamander is a subterranean-dwelling species found primarily in the San Marcos Pool of the Edwards Aquifer in Texas.
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The problem wasn't the well, in other words; it was the aquifer, which had retreated below where the well could reach it.
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In California, the Central Valley aquifer was showing signs that it could drop beyond human reach by the middle of this century.
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Underground, "time goes quick," said Mr. Millwood, 77, placing his palm on the limestone, where cool water trickled down from the aquifer.
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Under the palm trees in a desert town built over an aquifer, the symbolism of the pool as oasis is particularly resonant.
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That's why officials have tightly restricted the use of Catalina's main water source: an aquifer connected to the interior Middle Ranch Reservoir.
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Because the city's water supply was erratic, Mr. Jeevantham drilled a bore well to draw up water from the aquifer beneath Chennai.
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Because the city's water supply was erratic, Mr. Jeevantham drilled a bore well to draw up water from the aquifer beneath Chennai.
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The aquifer, which is larger than the state of California, stretches beneath Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico.
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The town drinks from the Ossippee aquifer, an underground labyrinth of granite-purified mountain water that's never seen a trace of industrial pollution.
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But if it takes millennia to fill up the aquifer, then perhaps it's risky to pump out so much of it so quickly.
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Because saltwater is a better conductor of electromagnetic waves compared to freshwater, the aquifer showed up as a clear band of low conductance.
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Google wants to draw 1.5 million gallons per day from an aquifer to help cool the servers at its facility in Berkeley County.
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The lawsuit used RCRA to force the dairies to change the way they operate, so they would no longer contaminate the aquifer. Rep.
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Preliminary studies estimate 1.8 billion liters of water is lost each year due to alien plants on one aquifer north of Cape Town.
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Environmentalists also opposed the pipeline because it would cut across the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the world's largest underground deposits of fresh water.
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The Arabian Aquifer System, on which 60 million people rely, appeared severely overstressed; so did water reserves in northwestern India and northern Africa.
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The agency concluded that toxic chemicals had leeched into an aquifer that fed the city wells, the source of the neighborhood's drinking water.
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The minerals are deposited on the surface when brine from an aquifer below rises in winter before drying in the spring and summer.
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As long as all agree that negotiating over water rights involves cross-border waters (the Coastal Aquifer lies beneath parts of Israel and all of Gaza, the Mountain Aquifer underlies Israel and the West Bank, and the Jordan River shares borders) borders, settlements, refugees, and security arrangements are not issues that must be determined in advance of a water agreement.
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Slater says his plan is environmentally "benign" and will conserve water that at present is lost from the aquifer via evaporation from dry lakes.
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Another five aquifer systems were categorized as "extremely" or "highly" stressed — they're being replenished by some rainwater, but not nearly enough to offset withdrawals.
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The millions of people living in the Miami metro area drink from the Biscayne aquifer, a vast freshwater lens underlying much of South Florida.
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The long-term security of fresh water supplies is threatened by a mind-boggling array of aging infrastructure, aquifer depletion, pollution and climate variability.
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The 1995 Oslo Accords stipulated that 80% of the water from the aquifer would go to Israel, with the rest allocated to the Palestinians.
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Under the new revisions, if the plant is able to prove that it isn't polluting the aquifer, it is no longer required to monitor.
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Feature Attracted by lax regulations, industrial agriculture has descended on a remote valley, depleting its aquifer — leaving many residents with no water at all.
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Mineral water for the project was sourced from a deep aquifer in the town of Chernobyl, which was used to dilute the distilled alcohol.
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It follows UnderLA which visualized a subterranean landscape in the Los Angeles Aquifer, and Oscar-Zero on a nuclear launch center in North Dakota.
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A major point of contention between the two sides is whether the aquifer would be naturally recharged in equilibrium with the water being removed.
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In this case, his stance may well end up sending 50,000 acre-feet of water a year from the desert aquifer to suburban lawns.
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That lowers the aquifer below the salt flats and reduces the amount of brine that rises to the surface, so natural restoration is minimal.
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An earlier version of a caption misstated the connection between the Crooked River in Oregon and the aquifer tapped by Opal Springs Water Company.
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Environmentalists, local residents and indigenous tribes also said the pipeline's proposed route would cut across the Ogallala Aquifer, which is one of the world's largest.
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His problem, however, is convincing politicians, regulators and the public that pumping water 200 miles from the desert aquifer to LA is a good idea.
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Lockhart gladly takes the assignment and travels to the mysterious center, which is supposedly built upon a natural aquifer which gives its water healing properties.
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Cadiz concluded that it would have to sidestep the federal government, but the pipeline would cross federal land to get from the aquifer to consumers.
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Their cargo disgorged, they return to the countryside—specifically, to places where farmers lucky enough to sit atop an aquifer replenish them for city cash.
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Details: The newly mapped aquifer is located off the East Coast, stretching from near Martha's Vineyard to the waters off Long Island and New Jersey.
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Perhaps a blowout following drilling from the Lapindo Branta oil and gas company piercing an underground aquifer set the whole system off, posits one paper.
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Environmental activists have backed the protests in Loliem, saying the plateau is ecologically sensitive and is a natural aquifer for streams that sustain the village.
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If too much water is extracted, saltwater from the same sparkling seas that draw the tourists to Diani Beach could leak in, destroying the aquifer.
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But by then a federal prosecutor had halted the hunt, charging Mr. Díaz with endangering an important aquifer and ordering the pit to be filled.
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Dr. Knight estimates that as the demands on the aquifer have increased, average flows into the various springs have declined by more than a third.
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The city is also rushing to upgrade its water systems and is building desalination, aquifer and water-recycling projects to help stretch the current supply.
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Now workers at the site are pumping water from the aquifer beneath Quitobaquito to mix cement and to water down dirt roads around construction sites.
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We have a 25-year record of working closely with Florida's state and local water agencies and environmental organizations on aquifer protection and recharge projects.
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The city is now working to upgrade its water systems -- rushing to build desalination, aquifer and water-recycling projects -- and help stretch the current supply.
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Maybe the most alarming consequence of this kind of unrestrained pumping is the dramatic subsidence of the land that can occur as the aquifer recedes.
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The researchers theorize the fresh water in the aquifer was ice that melted after the last ice age and got trapped in sediment that was rocky.
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The general consensus is that a mission to break through its frozen crust and explore its strange aquifer will happen in the next generation or so.
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He said the area has "the cleanest lakes in South Dakota," as well as a large subterranean aquifer, and is concerned about the possibility of contamination.
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In the early 2100s, the US Geological Survey found that the project could harm the desert environment by drawing water faster than the aquifer naturally refills.
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That would cause the ground above it to sink and become unstable and possibly contaminate the remaining water as soil fills in the partially empty aquifer.
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But with InSAR, we can cover the entire aquifer system; instead of covering a few hundred wells, we have data for hundreds of thousands of points.
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Researchers have for the first time mapped an aquifer under the ocean, suggesting it and other water systems could be a new source of freshwater supply.
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What they found: An aquifer system located within porous rock formations extending from the shoreline to about 50 miles off the coast of both survey locations.
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This aquifer spans nearly 220 miles of the Atlantic Coast from end to end, and could hold at least 670 cubic miles of low-salinity groundwater.
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Corn is the major commodity, most of it grown with water from the shrinking Ogallala Aquifer and spread in 276-acre circles by center-pivot sprinklers.
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There are three possible sources: an ice reservoir underneath the planet's surface; a deep, underground aquifer; or the atmosphere, which has a certain level of humidity.
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Brown's officials want oilfields producing some of the state's most carbon-intensive crude to get so-called "aquifer exemptions" from the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
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The newly approved Nebraska route also crosses over the Ogallala Aquifer, which irrigates one-fifth of the wheat, corn, cotton, and cattle in the United States.
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"The Guarani aquifer agreement was the gold standard on how countries can share things," said Aaron Wolf, an Oregon State University professor who studies water management.
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In effect, they would create a management zone, protecting the aquifer, and by extension their own farms, from deep water exploration by new and corporate competitors.
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But at Hopi the underground aquifer that has been used to slurry coal for electricity for Phoenix, Vegas and Los Angeles is about to dry up.
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Eligibility under WIFIA includes, among others, projects intended to address water quantity concerns, for example, desalination, aquifer recharge, alternative water supply, water recycling, and drought mitigation.
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"If that happened on our farm we would have so much crud and chemicals in the Ogallala aquifer that we could never clean up," he said.
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One find, covered over by the British, is a 16th-century well built not to capture water, but to ensure it flows back into the underlying aquifer.
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In the highly stressed Northwest Sahara Aquifer System, for instance, estimates of when the system will be fully drained run anywhere from 10 years to 21,000 years.
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In cases of drought, we can get aquifer information for the time period just before the drought, and compare it with what is happening during the drought.
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NASA plans to utilize this technique in their NISAR satellite mission, which would launch in 2021 and collect radar imagery from almost every aquifer in the world.
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If there is indeed an aquifer underneath a good landing site, NASA may try to land humans there to drill into the ground and look for microbes.
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Ninety-six percent of the tap water in Gaza is now unfit for human consumption, and Gaza's only freshwater aquifer is on the threshold of irreversible contamination.
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Dressed in jeans and cowboy boots, Seitz explained to several state representatives and lawyers that there was clear evidence the aquifer was at serious risk of failure.
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"However, if the aquifer straddles another country's exclusive economic zone, the law is silent and the parties would have to work out an understanding between themselves," she said.
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Then we can get a sense of whether or not we have degraded the health of the aquifer, and if it's reached a lower water level than before.
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Every year, farms bore farther into the aquifer, and scientists warn that as they go deeper they are reaching tainted water deposited between 10,000 and 35,000 years ago.
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El Paso; Orange County, California; Scottsdale, Arizona, and several other utilities across the country treat sewage water and then pump it back into the aquifer to ultimately drink.
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The case was made that in the event of a nuclear attack on the city, the castle's underground aquifer could provide water to the city and its inhabitants.
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According to government estimates, the aquifer beneath the Turpan Basin shrinks by about three million cubic meters a year, much of it because of oil drilling and agriculture.
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Zaldivar, a joint project by Antofagasta and Barrick , draws its fresh water from an aquifer beneath the Atacama salt flat, home to top lithium producers SQM and Albemarle.
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While South America has abundant water reserves compared to other regions, the aquifer will become increasingly important for crops and drinking water for millions in Sao Paulo state.
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Like all homes in the valley, where there are no reservoirs or rivers, the Paups' house drew its water from a private well drilled into the underlying aquifer.
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As yearly water consumption doubled, the sands and gravels within the aquifer began to shift and collapse, causing the elevation to sink more than 15 feet in places.
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During the winter and spring, the well's output had been relatively plentiful: Days of rain and a fallow period of growing appeared to have helped recharge the aquifer.
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In particular, you can use gravity to monitor the masses of glaciers, detect changes in aquifer levels, and even observe how water and air move in a tsunami.
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Concerns there have revolved around potential harm to the state's ecologically delicate Sandhills region and its vast Ogallala aquifer, prompting TransCanada to move the Nebraska segment further east.
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In addition to the tankers' over-exploitation of boreholes, the city is eating into its remaining forests, which feed the springs, while also sprawling over aquifer recharge areas.
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ELSEWHERE > The water wars of Arizona: Industrial agriculture descended on a remote valley, depleting its aquifer — leaving many residents with no water at all (New York Times magazine).
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With scant wastewater treatment, Suffolk County sits atop an aquifer that provides virtually all of its drinking water, and the sandy soil allows nitrogen to seep into it.
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Their research showed the aquifer, which lies about 600 feet below the ocean floor, ran from the shoreline out to as far as 75 miles away from the coast.
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Within a month, the state had given its final assent to a plan to conserve a vast aquifer and a set of springs held sacred by local indigenous groups.
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In the direst state was the Arabian aquifer system beneath Saudi Arabia and Yemen, which provides water for 60 million people and is being depleted by irrigation for agriculture.
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So basically the water levels decreased but not to a level that was lower than what was previously experienced, so we did not degrade the health of the aquifer.
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The ideas and the imagery of The Matrix run through internet culture like an aquifer—seeping almost undetectably through everything, and then bursting to the surface in unexpected ways.
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Their research on firn aquifers in Southeast Greenland, published in Frontiers in Earth Science, shows that the water in the firn aquifer they studied did eventually reach the ocean.
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The findings mean they also know whether aquifer water is suitable for drinking - as the study showed Msambweni's is - or whether it should be used for industry or irrigation.
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The communities, which have a combined population of about 60,000, sit in the shadow of the Rocky Mountains, and above an aquifer just south of Peterson Air Force Base.
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Political wrangling is hurting efforts by scientists and environmentalists to manage the resource, both officials said, although informal cooperation between the four countries over management of the aquifer continues.
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In Madison County, we are supporting a project to increase recharge to the Floridan aquifer, and we have developed creative solutions to help protect Cypress Spring in Washington County.
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"When you draw down more water than is replenished, then you begin to degrade the aquifer itself," Claudia Sadoff, director general of the International Water Management Institute, tells CNN.
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What you were not supposed to do was throw the pills in the garbage (someone could get at them) or flush them down the toilet (they taint the aquifer).
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The site, to be known as the Carmichael mine, sits near a vast aquifer and a natural spring called Doongmabulla, which is sacred to Indigenous people in the area.
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I've made a couple films in Louisiana about a giant chemical company that had so badly poisoned a natural aquifer that it was making the neighbors of the plant sick.
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The situation is even worse in Gaza, which relies almost entirely on a fast-shrinking coastal aquifer; what remains is polluted from years of untreated sewage and agricultural run-off.
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Subject to eons of pressure, every aquifer arranges itself differently, forming vast networks of coves and seams of water, some a thousand feet thick but others just a thin vein.
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During construction of a section of border wall in 2008, the Bush administration trucked in water for construction use instead of extracting water from the aquifer feeding the Quitobaquito spring.
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Last year, a huge sinkhole opened up beneath one of these stacks, sending millions of gallons of contaminated mine wastewater into the Floridan Aquifer, a drinking water source for millions.
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The Indonesia capital is sinking faster than any other big city on Earth, primarily because it's riddled with countless illegally dug wells that are draining the aquifer beneath the metropolis.
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She said landowners may not be aware that the pipeline crosses their property, and the current route still disrupts sensitive environmental areas, including a major aquifer and grass-covered sand dunes.
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For the study, researchers utilized this satellite technology to monitor a drought-plagued Silicon Valley aquifer, and found that aggressive conservation efforts successfully returned groundwater to pre-drought levels this year.
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In a surprising finding, the researchers say the aquifer is also likely receiving some freshwater from the land via subterranean runoff, which raises the possibility it may be recharged over time.
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So it's possible this aquifer stays a liquid all year round, which is good news for habitability "It constitutes the closest thing to a habitat we've found on Mars," says Orosei.
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The retention pond of a phosphogypsum stack, a hill of hazardous waste generated by phosphate production, leaked the equivalent of 326 Olympic swimming pools of contaminated water into a Florida aquifer.
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In addition, environmentalist groups are wary that construction of the pipeline -- and potential leaks -- would impact sources of fresh water like the massive Ogallala Aquifer, which lies beneath the Great Plains.
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Albion Castle was built in 1870 as a personal residence and brewery, with a natural underground aquifer producing 10,000 gallons of water daily and providing the water needed for ale production.
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Nebraska's economy depends on agriculture, and Nebraska agriculture relies on the Ogallala Aquifer, the vast underground water source that nourishes crops and livestock on a huge swath of the Great Plains.
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Since this is more than flows into the aquifer each year, the sales would lower it over time — as much as 80 feet, which the company says will be the limit.
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Its magma reservoirs sit very close to the surface, feeding heat and gas into a shallow aquifer above it, superheating any water trapped in the rock and pressurizing the surrounding sediment.
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A group called Preserve Hudson Valley sued over the annexation, with opponents worried about the precedent of transferring land from one municipality to another and the impacts on a local aquifer.
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Sewage and seawater seep into Gaza's depleted aquifer, rendering most water supplies unfit for human consumption, according to the UN. Electricity comes on for three hours a day, often at odd times.
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While the brackish water contained in such an aquifer would need to be desalinized before consumption, it would not require the energy-intensive desalinization currently undertaken in some countries, such as Israel.
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Barely one in 10 residents has access to safe drinking water through the public water network, and the United Nations projects that Gaza's aquifer may become unusable at the end this year.
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The aquifer that courses beneath this community in the shadow of five military installations showed traces of perfluorinated chemicals at up to 663 times the levels viewed as safe, environmental authorities said.
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They are also concerned because the proposed route would cut across the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the world's largest underground deposits of fresh water, meaning potential contamination if there were a leak.
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Check out more videos from VICE: The CPV plant is being built on a wetland that serves as a recharge area for the Wallkill river aquifer, which provides water to 6000,000 people.
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The reservation sits on top of the Ogallala Aquifer, a million-year-old water table that spans eight states and provides water for drinking and agriculture for the residents of Lakota nation.
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Work crews in Arizona have been destroying dozens of protected cactuses, which can live up to 200 years, and have drained an aquifer that has supported humans for the past 16,000 years.
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They have caused thousands of California residents to go without running water, resulted in groundwater contamination and permanent loss of aquifer storage capacity, and have severely stressed tens of millions of trees.
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It included a pipeline, first proposed over a decade ago, to pump water from an aquifer in the Mojave Desert, in California and southern Nevada, to consumers in the Los Angeles metro area.
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Every city faces a different set of challenges—in Houston, it's all about flood prevention, while for Phoenix, where this photograph was taken, it's all about maintaining the water level in its aquifer.
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The Gerharts and their neighbors use private wells; earlier this year, water from more than a dozen wells in eastern Pennsylvania was contaminated with sediment after Sunoco's horizontal drilling affected a nearby aquifer.
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Both have dams - and are building more - and both draw from the Msambweni aquifer during times of low rainfall; the study shows their use has not had a big impact on groundwater levels.
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In the valley, the underlying aquifer is relatively shallow, said Deeb Abdelghafour, a senior official at the Palestinian Water Authority, and has been under pressure from drought for as much as a decade.
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In addition, environmentalist groups are wary that construction of the pipeline -- and a potential leak -- would impact sources of fresh water like the Ogallala Aquifer, which would be near the Keystone XL pipeline.
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Most of the contamination is in groundwater, meaning DOD will have to pump groundwater, treat out and then refill the aquifer, a process that will need to be replicated at site after site.
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Homeowner Greene, whose family has had to replace salt-tainted appliances, views the equation as unfair: The state polluted the aquifer feeding his well, and now wants his community to bankroll the solution.
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He said the proposed XL pipeline would be built over huge swaths of porous, sand-like soil atop the Ogallala aquifer, putting farmers and ranchers at risk of water contamination if a spill occurs.
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In Gaza, where the seepage of saltwater and sewage into an overused aquifer raises the risk of disease, a blockade by Israel and Egypt has made it harder to build and run desalination plants.
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When the first GRACE-FO probe passes above a big area of mass, like a huge underground aquifer, its gravity will tug at the satellite and the distance with the trailing spacecraft will change.
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El Paso is building a completely closed loop facility; instead of being pumped back into the aquifer, the treated sewage water will undergo additional filtration and then be sent back into drinking water pipelines.
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Earlier this month his agency imposed a rare ban on new permits to extract water from an aquifer that is a critical water supply for BHP´s Escondida, the world´s largest copper mine.
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To ensure a consistent supply of water from an aquifer already plummeting deeper every year, farmers often drill a well every 203 acres, each to a depth of at least 1,000 or 1,500 feet.
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American Green says it plans to expand that farm and also bottle and sell cannabis-infused water from Nipton's plentiful aquifer, joint moves that would make the town green in more ways than one.
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The city is now working to upgrade its water systems -- rushing to build desalination, aquifer and water-recycling projects -- and help stretch the current supply, but officials say residents need to step up, too.
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Any external shock to the system—an earthquake, a surge of gas from deeper in the magma, or changes to the aquifer water level—can release the built-up pressure, often to violent effect.
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But pumping farther afield has continued — the vast underground aquifer is the only source of water in this desert — and experts say there is strong anecdotal evidence that levels in some springs are dropping.
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Mr. de Anda, who is also the director of the Great Maya Aquifer Project, said the discovery would allow researchers to develop new models of cave archaeology using 3-D mapping and modeling techniques.
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"We've never found a reservoir of this size that's like an aquifer [underground water layer] here on Earth," said Green, noting that Mars was once likely a blue planet like Earth, covered in vast oceans.
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He intentionally chose to construct the castle where he did — the castle sits atop an underground natural aquifer fed from the Hetch Hetchy Valley that supplied him with water to use for brewing the ale.
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A storyline in the James Bond spy movie "Quantum of Solace", where a shady businessman launches a coup in Bolivia to gain control of underground water, is thought to be based on the Guarani aquifer.
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Instead the new route, called the Mainline Alternative Route, will parallel the existing Keystone pipeline and intersect nine more streams than the preferred route as well as cross over the Ogallala Aquifer in three counties.
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" The duo soon learned that the reason 95 percent of bourbon is produced in Kentucky is due to an "ancient limestone aquifer that filters out all the iron… and adds hints of calcium and magnesium.
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The pair began bottling and selling water straight from the limestone aquifer, and soon earned the attention of whiskey snobs near and far looking to prove just who is the whiskey snobbiest of them all.
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Environmentalists feared a major spill from the proposed Keystone XL pipeline could contaminate the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the world's largest aquifers, which supplies drinking water to more than 2 million people in the Great Plains.
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Not only will Keystone XL's unique location generate more carbon emissions than the average oil pipeline, but it also cuts directly through one of the world's largest and most important underground water reservoirs, the Ogallala Aquifer.
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But the legislation has failed to tackle falling water tables, and lacks provisions to protect and conserve groundwater at the aquifer level, said Philippe Cullet, a professor of environmental law at the University of London's SOAS.
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Before the year is out, all of it will likely be unfit for human consumption, as it is contaminated with sewage from above and with salt-water encroachment into the aquifer from the Mediterranean Sea below.
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"The cause of the upsurge in arsenic concentration is the overuse of groundwater for irrigation and drinking, which happens when withdrawal rates exceed recharge rate," Ghosh said, adding that this overuse changes the chemistry of the aquifer.
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Opponents in the US have attention to the impact the pipeline would have on an aquifer that fed major urban centres, threats to indigenous sites, and even the route it takes through a newly active seismic zone.
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The bill, HR 848, is a direct response to a lawsuit filed against a number of mega dairies by a coalition of firms and nonprofits, including Public Justice, over massive nitrate contamination of a drinking water aquifer.
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Midland students are among a shrinking number of California residents who don't have to worry too much about where their water comes from, since the school sits atop an aquifer that is ample to supply its needs.
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Six years ago, the U.N. welcomed an agreement between Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina to manage the Guarani Aquifer, South America's largest underground source of fresh water, spanning more than 1 million square kilometers (386,000 sq miles).
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Formerly a cattle ranch, Page Springs Cellars sits along an aquifer, and the resulting artesian springs, which flow at a rate of 21975,000 gallons per minute, help irrigate the vineyards and wash the machines in the cellar.
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In recent years, so-called smart technology has enabled wonders such as a six-story composting toilet system in Seattle's Bullitt Center and an underground thermal energy aquifer in Deloitte's the Edge, an office building in Amsterdam.
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They were handed out by government agents, who could be bribed, he said, and the richest landowner would thus become "a waterlord," who could drain the aquifer supplying everyone else's wells and then charge them for water.
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Environmentalists and landowners have long been battling the pipeline in Nebraska, citing concerns that a leak from the pipeline could harm either the ecologically sensitive Sand Hills region or the crucial water supplies in the Ogallala aquifer.
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Collective fears about the Cuban Missile Crisis — and the depletion of resources like clean water — prompted Bermudez's sixth-grade teacher to task him with the responsibility of finding a spring in his neighborhood, connected to the Biscayne Aquifer.
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The collapse of the water aquifer and the resulting necessity of desalination of nearly all the water in Gaza has propelled new thinking in water and treatment technology that could be viable in frontier markets around the globe.
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The Florida Senate recently rejected a state House-passed bill to open the state to fracking, giving Democrats ammo even though political experts say the likelihood of approving the controversial practice — given the state's shallow aquifer — is remote.
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In Brooklyn and Queens, a glacial aquifer permeates through beds of sandy Gardiners clay, the groundwater infused with metal-corroding salt from the ocean on one side and the brackish estuary of the East River on the other.
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Read: 33,500-year-old ruins shed light on mysterious Moche people "For Mayans, cenotes were the entrance to the underworld," says Guillermo de Anda, an underwater archaeologist who is leading the team from the Great Mayan Aquifer Project.
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Looking forward Environmentalists, local residents and indigenous tribes say the pipeline's proposed route would cut across the Ogallala Aquifer, which is one of the world's largest and the main source of drinking water and irrigation for millions of people.
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According to Renee Martin-Nagle, an aquifer law expert, if subsea freshwater reserves lie within a country's 200-mile exclusive economic zone, as defined under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, it belongs to that country.
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For Florida, decades of huge population growth and increased agricultural irrigation have reduced the levels of the Floridan Aquifer, an underground system of water-filled rocks that stretches 2003,000 square miles and includes parts of southern Georgia and Alabama.
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But the federal and private protections are useless against the biggest threat of all: the pumping of groundwater from the giant underground aquifer that feeds the Amargosa, which eventually may throttle the river and the delicate ecosystems it supports.
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In the process, it built a facility for extracting water from an underground aquifer that, according to Fast Company, was entirely run on diesel-fueled generators, creating the crystalline imagery that defines its marketing amid a cloud of real-world pollution.
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The company's share price spikes every time a drought emergency is declared, but the shares have still lost more than 80% of their value since 2007 because of repeated regulatory setbacks in Cadiz's quest to tap the eastern Mojave aquifer.
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Now, if we are drying out our groundwater resources and pumping too much from an aquifer, that stress will cause permanent compaction of the structures that usually hold the water and they will not be able to hold water anymore.
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Turkey Point might sound innocent enough, but they've gone and continued dumping sulfur pollutants into the park's Biscayne Aquifer, and Turkey Point's two-piece nuclear reactor project is responsible for dumping 600,000 pounds of contaminants into Biscayne National Park daily.
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Scientists from the University of Nairobi, the University of Barcelona, Oxford University, and the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology have been studying the groundwater system in Kwale County, with the Msambweni aquifer that supplies Ukunda as their main focus.
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"We want to know how long is it going to take to dig this plume of contaminated soil and how can we be reassured, without a doubt, that it has not and will not seep into the aquifer," he said.
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Semi-conductor giant Intel spent $150 million expanding a water recycling plant in Chandler, Arizona that treats millions of gallons of industrial water a day – recycling about 60 percent of Intel's manufacturing water to an underground aquifer in the process.
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Given that climate models offered little hope of restoring the aquifer to "safe yield" — in which percolated water and withdrawals are roughly even — the committee instead proposed stabilizing it by limiting water-intensive crops and charging fees for irrigation-related extraction.
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Anyone who has even a slight acquaintance with Freudian theory or Japanese erotica will grasp the psychosexual significance of those eels, who live in the aquifer underneath an Alpine spa and occasionally make their way into the plumbing and beyond.
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In the troubled Westlands Water District, for instance, aggressive pumping during the recent drought depleted the aquifer at a rate of 660,000 acre-feet per year — about as much water as a city of 6.6 million people would use annually.
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"In Gaza, the collapse of the coastal aquifer, the only natural source of drinking water in the Strip and now almost entirely unfit for human consumption, is contributing to a significant health crisis among the two million Palestinians living there," Lynk said.
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"Balamkú will help rewrite the story of Chichen Itzá," said Guillermo de Anda, co-director of Great Maya Aquifer Project (GAM) and an archeologist at the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), at a press conference in Mexico City on Monday.
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The Yucca site itself, about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Las Vegas, faces a cumbersome and costly licensing process that could take years to complete and questions from critics about how long spent fuel can remain without radiation leaking into an aquifer.
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The northern pool is still shrinking slightly, but total water storage in the area is increasing, as 80% of the water is held in a subterranean aquifer, which is being replenished, as is moisture in the soil, as the rains have returned.
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The plant, being developed in partnership with power utility Eskom's Koeberg nuclear station, forms part of a 300 million rand ($23 million) three-year budget as the city looks for alternative sources of water, including tapping an underground aquifer at Table Mountain.
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According to El Paso Water's hydrologists, under the 10 million acre feet of fresh water in the Hueco Bolson aquifer it relies on, there is an additional 30 million acre feet of brackish water that can be treated and used as drinking water.
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But farmers are worried their water will jump in price once the giant Atotonilco treatment plant launches an effort to clean up Mexico City's sewage, plunging them into competition for the water against the capital, where aquifer depletion is causing widespread subsidence.
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With the underground aquifer that provides most of the Mexican capital's fresh water drying at an alarming rate, the city is ever more reliant on topping up supply from the dams, pipes, and pumps of the Cutzamala system, more than 60 miles away.
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The end of a mission means the data stream will stop or pause, and a gap in the data makes it more difficult to infer whether the melting of an ice sheet or the loss of water from an aquifer is accelerating.
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Last, another Houston-based firm proposed a markedly similar project, a pipeline that would have cut through the Texas Hill Country, and most controversially, deliver crude oil under the recharge zone for the Edwards Aquifer, which supplies drinking water for San Antonio.
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Mexico's Conagua water regulator did not conduct its own tests of water quality around the mine in response to the leak, but said its regular monitoring of the aquifer through its own network of pumping stations had not shown a change in water quality.
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Besides its threat to the aquifer, Kindle wrote, there is another case against the pipeline: The approved path would cut through land that was promised to the Great Sioux Nation in treaties signed by tribal leaders and the United States in 1851 and 1868.
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The wooden train slowed and music swelled dramatically, lights flickered overhead and puppet Esperanza burst upward through the air hatch into Magic Kingdom, shouting "Alma!" while puppet Alma shed her scuba gear and was already drifting down to the dark bottom of the aquifer.
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A 2019 United Nations report on conditions in the occupied territories described ongoing "loss or depletion and endangerment of natural resources" under Israeli control, with land seizures, the over-extraction of Gaza's coastal aquifer and 85 percent of Gaza's fishing waters placed off-limits.
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Work along the border, according to tribal leaders of the Tohono O'odham Nation who live on both sides of the border, is blasting ancient burial sites and siphoning an aquifer that feeds a desert oasis where human beings have slaked their thirst for 211,245 years.
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"This supplement evaluates the potential radiological and nonradiological impacts — over a one million year period — on the aquifer environment, soils, ecology, and public health, as well as the potential for disproportionate impacts on minority or low-income populations," the agency wrote in its report.
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They are citing concerns about the pipeline's threat to a massive water source called the Ogallala Aquifer and pointing to a recent spill of at least 200,000 gallons of oil from a related TransCanada pipeline called Keystone in South Dakota as proof the company can't be trusted.
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Keystone XL would transport crude oil from Canada and North Dakota to refineries on the Gulf Coast, cutting across the Ogallala Aquifer, a water table beneath eight states in the Great Plains that acts as a fresh water supply and provides water for crops and livestock.
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In San Luis Obispo County, state regulators want the Trump administration to give federal approval for an aquifer exemption that would pave the way for hundreds of new wells in the Arroyo Grande oilfield — and a potential 10-fold increase in production of this carbon-intensive oil.
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It was also the only way to protect farmers who had been in the valley for generations against industrial-scale operations that could simply pick up and move to other untapped seams of water once the valley's aquifer was too deep, salty or expensive to draw from.
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As part of the EarthCube project, the US Geological Survey is collaborating on a National Science Framework project to produce the Digital Crust, a framework that will enable more accurate and robust understanding of subsurface processes in the Earth, such as groundwater balance and the health of aquifer systems.
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"The growers and the dairy people have spent a lot of money in the state Capitol," says Skip Hansen, who coordinates the Central Sands Water Action Coalition, a broad assembly of 50,19503-plus activist members fighting to raise awareness and halt the unchecked aquifer depletion in central Wisconsin.
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The Pine Barrens feeds the 17-trillion gallon Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer which contains some of the purest water in the United States, meaning that the pipeline could also be in danger of poisoning the drinking water of hundreds of thousands of people, not to mention plants and animals.
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Much of the region sits atop the overtaxed Gulf Coast Aquifer, and though efforts have made over the last 40 years to limit withdrawals from it, enough water has been sucked out of it that the ground still subsides in some places, altering runoff patterns and allowing flood waters to gather.
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