He made unescorted visits to three of its schools near Kampala.
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Any unescorted worker can have his work permit torn up on the spot.
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Princess Caroline's eldest daughter attended Monaco's annual Bal de la Rose on Saturday (unescorted).
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While the Royal Navy was able to protect the British Heritage, the Stena Impero sailed unescorted.
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A hard pass allows journalists regular and unescorted access to the White House and White House briefings.
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A week later, the UK-flagged Stena Impero, which was sailing unescorted, was seized by the IRGC.
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Incredulous comments like, "He lets you travel by yourself?" and "Aren't you afraid?" often surround such unescorted adventures.
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There is more diversity in race, gender, and age; women walk unescorted by men, and the photographer is challenged.
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She is not allowed to go anywhere unescorted; she has never worked and dropped out of school after the eighth grade.
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Then the ship headed for Guam, where the captain was ordered to travel, unescorted, to the Leyte Gulf in the Philippines.
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At some Bridge schools I visited unescorted, staff members said that they would need to contact superiors if I didn't leave.
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The TSA has issued more than 3.5 million biometric credentials to individuals needing unescorted access to secure port areas since October 85033.
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Nonviolent inmates are permitted to wander the halls with relative freedom, so Jay would travel from his unit to the medical floor unescorted.
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CNN also filed a request for an immediate temporary restraining order restoring Acosta's hard pass, which gives him unescorted access to the White House.
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In a striking image, the outspoken American divorcée walked unescorted part of the way down the aisle followed by her 10 bridesmaids and page boys.
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Notley said it was not safe for residents to enter the city unescorted, with parts still smoldering and large areas without power, water and gas.
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The unescorted Indianapolis carried almost 1,200 sailors and had just delivered to Tinian Island components of the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan.
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In the end, Meghan walked down the first part of the aisle unescorted, before she was joined by Charles, Harry's father and heir-to-the-throne.
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And now Kensington Palace has announced that Markle will walk unescorted down the aisle of the chapel nave, after being met at the West Door by a member of the clergy.
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He went from being only allowed to take short supervised walks on hospital grounds to being transferred into a group home and being allowed to take unescorted visits to Winnipeg in 2015.
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When Hugh Hefner opened the first Playboy Club in Chicago in 1960, Dwight Eisenhower was in the White House, a woman's place was in the home, and nice girls didn't go to bars unescorted.
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When Sally identifies the likely culprit in her friends' deaths, she brings three fellow residents along and ventures out unescorted for the first time, to find the detectives and tell them what she knows.
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She's an American feminist marrying into the royal family, and fittingly, CNN has learned, she's planning on an unprecedented entrance to the ceremony: beginning her walk down the aisle unescorted, something she came up with herself.
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She will walk unescorted for the first half of the journey from the chapel door to the altar, meeting Charles at the Quire for the final part, replacing the role her father was going to play.
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Although Spotify successfully broke free of its reins last April and entered the public arena unescorted, I expect most unicorns will still choose to pay the fat underwriting fees to be paraded around by investment bankers.
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Phasing out the use of cesium-2628 in favor of non-radioactive alternatives would help keep the United States safe from a dirty bomb incident, especially in hospitals that allow unescorted access to their radiological sources.
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Meghan entered the chapel unescorted, offering TV viewers and the congregation a first good look at her hotly anticipated wedding dress, which was created by British designer Clare Waight Keller of the French fashion house Givenchy.
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Along with some 32,123 other homeless inhabitants, Abdulkadir's family are now confined to the camp amid the ruins, guarded by troops who do not let them out unescorted, officially to protect them from explosives strewn across farmland.
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On Caroline's side, her eldest son Andreas and his wife Tatiana also skipped last year's ball, while her stylish daughter Charlotte Casiraghi – who had publicly debuted her relationship with comedian Gad Emaleh at the 2013 Bal – came unescorted.
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Pierre's siblings Charlotte (unescorted), 29, Andrea, 31, and his wife Tatiana Santo Domingo, 32, were also in attendance, while Princess Caroline of Hanover's youngest child, Princess Alexandra, 16, made her grand Rose Ball debut in a blush pink gown.
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Multinational organizations that operate there do not allow their female employees to go unescorted in the middle of the day because of the high risk for carjackings, kidnappings, and sexual attacks—and often the police is involved in these.
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In addition, the report was critical of the role the FBI plays in helping the federal government vet port and rail workers and truck drivers who are able to gain unescorted access to ports through the use of biometric smart transportation security cards.
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"TSA is continually improving the extensive vetting and security screening processes for eligibility determinations for Transportation Worker Identification Credentials (TWIC), which are required by law for individuals with unescorted access to vessels and other regulated port facilities," the agency said in a statement.
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A police official in Manila and a law enforcement official in the United States, both speaking on condition of anonymity, told Reuters that Danley left the Philippines unescorted but was being met by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents in Los Angeles.
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The 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said that Daryle McNelis' failure to meet the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's requirements that security guards be fit for duty and be able to maintain unescorted security clearance meant that he could not bring a prima facie case under the ADA.
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At night, almost no female was left unescorted. Following Fulhart's death, the killings ceased.
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Combat Talon crews operated unescorted at low altitudes and at night.Thigpen (2001), p. 82–83.
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From Aden Stratheden continued unescorted through the Suez Canal and reached Port Said on 16 October.
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First the unescorted 7,041 ton Empire Guidon, then the unescorted 5,113 ton Reynolds, which, hit amidships and in the stern, capsized and sank within seconds.other sources credit the raider Michel with sinking Reynolds Finally on 3 November she sank the unescorted and unarmed Brazilian 5,187 ton cargo ship Porto Alegre en route from Rio de Janeiro to Durban, off Port Elizabeth. Hit by a single torpedo, the crew abandoned ship before the U-boat delivered the coup de grâce.
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Three days later another unescorted merchantman, the British SS Troilus was also sunk, with six hands drowned.
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From Gibraltar Macwhirter sailed unescorted via Malta to Port Said and through the Suez Canal to Suez. She then traded in the Indian Ocean between ports in Ceylon, India and South Africa until she reached Cape Town on 30 July. On 31 July she sailed unescorted with general cargo, arriving at Freetown on 13 August.
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The Zerstörer was only to fly as a day fighter against unescorted formations. This would be rare throughout the remainder of the war.
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By the time she left Durban, Stratheden was carrying 3,190 troops. From Aden she continued unescorted to Suez, where she arrived on 16 November. On 16 November 1941 Stratheden left Suez unescorted for Canada. She called at Port Sudan, Durban and Cape Town, celebrated Christmas 1941 in mid-Atlantic, reached Trinidad on New Year's Eve and Halifax in 5 January 1942.
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The U-boat then fired two more torpedoes which sank the vessel. Another unescorted liberty ship, Samuel Jordan Kirkwood was torpedoed on 7 May about southeast of Ascension Island. The crew of 71 abandoned ship in four lifeboats and a raft before the U-boat sank the ship with another torpedo. On 12 May, the unescorted 6,797 ton American merchant ship Cape Neddick was hit by two torpedoes.
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All unescorted bombers were vulnerable in daylight to fighter aircraft.Caldwell & Muller 2007, pp. 34–35. From September 1939 – May 1940, both sides avoided civilian targets.Koch 1991, p. 127.
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Convoy WS 20 divided. Stratheden continued to the Indian Ocean in Convoy WS 20A, which dispersed off Aden. Stratheden reached Suez on 11 August 1942. Stratheden returned home unescorted.
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The first, at 01:00, was the unescorted American 8,001-ton merchant ship Scottsburg, hit by two torpedoes about 90 miles west of Grenada. At 04:10, about 100 miles north-west of Trinidad, she sank the unescorted Panamanian 5,010-ton Hog Islander Cold Harbor, carrying a cargo of tanks, aircraft and ammunition, with two torpedoes. The first torpedo struck the starboard side causing the ammunition in No.2 hold to explode.
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When the Second World War broke out on 1 September 1939 Ceramic was at Tenerife on her regular route to South Africa and Australia. She continued as scheduled, unescorted, reaching Australia in October. She left Sydney on 1 November and returned unescorted until she reached Freetown, Sierra Leone, where she joined Convoy SL 13F, becoming the convoy vice-commodore's ship. SL 13F left port on 19 December and reached Liverpool on 3 January 1940.
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In February 1940 Ceramic was commissioned as a troopship. She kept her usual route, leaving Liverpool unescorted on 19 February and reaching Sydney on 14 April. She left Sydney for home on 20 April, and after her regular calls in Australia and South Africa she put into Freetown on 2 June. If she was seeking a home-bound convoy she found none, for she sailed the next day unescorted and reached Liverpool on 13 June.
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She steamed west unescorted across the North Atlantic to Halifax, arriving on 7 February. On 15 February she left Halifax and under naval escort to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, arriving on 5 March. She continued unescorted via South Africa to Australia, reaching Sydney on 29 April. Again she continued east to return home, this time calling at Lyttelton, New Zealand on 2 June before crossing the Pacific and the passing through Panama Canal.
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This doubled the number of personnel the cramped quarters could accommodate. Due to her high speed, the ship traveled unescorted, despite the ever-present threat posed by German U-Boats.
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ASIN: B005HJTS8O. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way.
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Having reached Cremona, Lautrec left Lescun in command of the remnants of the French army and rode unescorted to Lyon, to make his report to Francis I.Oman, Art of War, 184.
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From there she sailed unescorted via Fremantle, Adelaide and Melbourne and reached Sydney on 17 October. Stratheden did not see Australia again until after the war was over, in October 1945.
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At 01:00 on 27 August 1942, the unescorted 5,941-ton British merchant ship , a straggler from Convoy SL-119, was torpedoed and sunk by U-156 north-west of Madeira.
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The Americans claimed all of the Ju 52s and seven escorts. Actual German and Americans losses are unclear. In the afternoon, 20 of the 82nd ran into 30 unescorted Ju 52s.
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From there she continued unescorted via Cape Town and Freetown and reached Liverpool on 22 February. , which sailed with Duchess of Atholl in Convoy WS 7 in 1941 and Convoy WS 21P in 1942 On 21 March 1941 Duchess of Atholl again left Liverpool for Egypt. She sailed via Freetown to Cape Town with Convoy WS 7, which happened to include her sister ship Duchess of York. Duchess of Atholl then continued unescorted, reaching Suez on 6 May 1941.
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An hour later, radar picked up considerable aerial activity over the Pas de Calais. 610 Squadron intercepted an unescorted of Do 17s off Dover, which dropped their bombs wide of the ships.
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On 11 October 1940 Aguila left Liverpool with Convoy OG 44, but stayed with the convoy all the way to Gibraltar. She then sailed unescorted to Lisbon and back to Gibraltar (24 October – 3 November), and made a separate unescorted trip to Las Palmas, Tenerife and Cadiz and again back to Gibraltar (3–19 November). Then she joined Convoy HG 47, which left Gibraltar on 20 November and reached Liverpool on 4 December. Aguila survived Liverpool's Christmas Blitz of 20–22 December.
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Avoceta always joined an outbound convoy to leave British home waters, and then would continue either unescorted or with an OG-series convoy as far as Gibraltar. She made her return voyages either unescorted or via Gibraltar and an HG-series convoy to Liverpool. During German and Italian submarines' First Happy Time in the Battle of the Atlantic one homeward trip was diverted: Convoy HG 39 left Gibraltar on 21 July 1940 bound for Liverpool, but instead went to Swansea in South Wales.
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The U-boat struck again twice in a single day, 11 June, off Honduras. She sank the unescorted Dutch 4,282 ton passenger ship Crijnssen at 02:10 with three torpedoes, then the unescorted and unarmed American 4,846 ton merchant ship American at 18:01. The ship, carrying 6,500 tons of manganese ore, coffee, gunny sacks, jute and oil, from Santos, Brazil, to New Orleans, was hit by two torpedoes, and then a third eleven minutes later. The ship sank in 25 minutes.
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U-504 left Lorient again on 19 August 1942 and sailed south to the waters off South Africa as part of Wolfpack Eisbär. There, on 17 October, about south of Cape Town, she torpedoed and sank the unescorted British 5,970 ton Empire Chaucer. On the 23rd she sank the British 5,669 ton , and on the 26th she attacked the unescorted American 7,176 ton Liberty ship Anne Hutchinson. The crew abandoned their vessel after she was hit by two torpedoes and fatally damaged.
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Her fourth and final patrol was her most productive. Sailing from Lorient on 22 April 1942, she resumed her predations in the Caribbean Sea. Her first success came on 11 May, northeast of the Virgin Islands, where she sank the unescorted British 4,963-ton cargo ship Cape of Good Hope with torpedoes and shell-fire. She mistakenly sank the unescorted and neutral 4,996 ton Brazilian merchant ship Gonçalves Dias with two torpedoes about 100 miles south of Ciudad Trujillo on 24 May.
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Fourteen minutes later, at 16:43, she submerged. At 17:24, she launched four torpedoes at the target, the unescorted, empty, 10,216-ton tanker, Akatsuki Maru. Three missed, one hit. The tanker's speed had been underestimated.
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On 27 September 1941 Stratheden left Halifax for Egypt. She sailed unescorted via Trinidad and Cape Town to Durban. There she joined Convoy CM 18X, which left on 29 October and took her as far as Aden.
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She was carrying a cargo of aviation fuel. Empire Coral arrived at the Belfast Lough on 12 September. The next day, she joined the unescorted Convoy BB 75, which arrived at Milford Haven. Pembrokeshire on 14 September.
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The unescorted convoy, consisting eighteen merchant vessels, arrived at Durban, South Africa on 29 October. She left the convoy at Beira, Mozambique, arriving on 26 October. Fort Stikine sailed on 11 November and joined Convoy DKA 6.
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From Freetown Stratheden continued unescorted via Cape Town to Bombay, where she arrived on 13 August. In 1943 led Convoy CM 45, in which Stratheden sailed from Bombay to Aden On 19 August 1943 Stratheden sailed unescorted from Bombay to Durban, where she embarked 4,653 troops and on 14 September sailed for Egypt. She sailed as far as Aden with Convoy CM 45, whose largest troop ship was Stirling Castle. CM 45 was heavily escorted by the battleship , heavy cruiser , light cruiser , three Royal Navy destroyers and three Australian destroyers.
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Meanwhile, the U-boat sank another ship, torpedoing the unescorted and unarmed American 10,227 ton tanker W.D. Anderson at 01:32 on 23 February, about north-east of Jupiter Inlet Light. Loaded with of crude oil, the ship burst into flames, killing all but one of the crew of 36, and later sank. U-504 struck again on 26 February sinking the unescorted Dutch 8,245 ton tanker Mamura about off the coast of Florida. The ship, loaded with gasoline, was hit by two torpedoes, setting it on fire and breaking it in two.
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The defeat of the last German ship in the region allowed RAN warships to be deployed to other theatres, and troopships were able to sail unescorted between Australia and the Middle East until renewed raider activity in 1917.
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The ship, loaded with 12,855 tons of gasoline, sank in flames. All 38 of her crew survived. On 30 July, the unescorted 7,181 ton American Liberty ship William Ellery was hit by a single torpedo about east southeast of Durban.
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On 12 January, it left for Colombo in Ceylon, where it arrived on 22 January. It made the Red Sea leg of its voyage from Suez to Aden with Convoy SW 4B, then detached and crossed the Indian Ocean unescorted.
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The survivors were later rescued by . U-177 torpedoed the unescorted Greek merchant ship Saronikos off Mozambique, on 7 December, which broke in half and sank within two minutes. The Germans questioned the only two survivors from the crew of 38, and provided them with bandages and provisions. The boat torpedoed the unescorted British merchant ship Empire Gull on 12 December, in the Mozambique Channel, allowing the crew to abandon ship before opening fire with her deck gun, firing 70 incendiary and 100 high-explosive rounds, and scoring about 140 hits, which finally caused the ship to sink.
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The U-boat then sailed for a patrol in the Caribbean Sea, departing Lorient on 2 May 1942. Her first success came on 29 May when she sank the unescorted British 1,597 ton cargo ship Allister, en route from Kingston, Jamaica, to Tampa, Florida, with a cargo of 500 tons of bananas. The ship was torpedoed south of Grand Cayman Island, losing 15 of her crew of 23. On 8 June U-504 struck twice, east of the Yucatán Peninsula. At 06:59 she sank the unescorted 3,901 ton Honduran merchant ship Tela with two torpedoes, sinking her within five minutes. At 18:06 the U-boat opened fire with her deck gun on the unescorted British 1,512 ton merchant ship Rosenborg, after missing the ship with two torpedoes. She fired 60 shells, of which about 30 hit. Four of the crew were killed, the remaining 23 were later picked up and landed in Panama.
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U-185 sailed from Kiel on 27 October 1942. On 7 December she sank the unescorted 5,476 ton British cargo ship Peter Mærsk west of the Azores. She docked at Lorient in France on 1 January 1943 after 67 days at sea.
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At 19:16, she contacted a second unescorted enemy vessel. At 19:43, she fired a spread of four torpedoes. At 19:44, two of the four exploded. The target took on a 30° list and began to go down by the bow.
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While the British favoured unescorted night bombing, the Americans preferred to mount daytime raids, escorted by long-range fighters. In the Pacific war, both sides made extensive use of aircraft carriers and carrier-to-carrier engagements became pivotal turning points in several campaigns.
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At 00:24 on 23 May, while en route from Halifax to Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, the unescorted 4,455 GRT British merchant ship Zurichmoor was torpedoed and sunk by U-432 east of Philadelphia. The master, 38 crewmen, and six gunners were lost.
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The spreading of the bomber stream reduced the escort screen's density. The 4th Fighter Group broke up the only attack on the 3rd Division en route to the target, by ZG 26. On the return, II. and III./ZG 26 caught the bombers unescorted.
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Giuliani receives a salary of $90,700. He has also represented his office in White House meetings on the opioid crisis. Giuliani's unescorted access to the West Wing was rescinded by White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly around the beginning of June 2018.
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She left Freetown on 26 August with Convoy SL 45, which reached Liverpool on 15 September. Macwhirter left Liverpool on 29 October with Convoy OB 236. After the convoy dispersed at sea as planned, she continued unescorted to Cape Town, Durban, Mombasa and Mauritius. On 17–18 February 1941 she called at Cape Town and on 3 March she reached Freetown again. On 13 March 1941 she left Freetown with Convoy SL 68, and when it dispersed at sea as planned she continued unescorted to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Macwhirter loaded a cargo of sugar and iron and left Halifax on 10 April with Convoy HX 120, reaching Liverpool on 29 April.
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Following the Zanj advance on Jubba, however, he turned his attention away from the convoys and allowed the ships to go unescorted. The rebels were consequently soon able to cut off the flow of provisions to the city, and supplies once again became scarce for its inhabitants.
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This schedule continued until 23 August, when Henry Laurens released the Saratoga from her escorting duty with the suggestion that she "...make a short cruise and then return to Philadelphia..." Afterwards, the unescorted Mercury was captured by the British off Newfoundland and Laurens was imprisoned in England.
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20 In a desperate bid to stop the rapid German advance the Soviets sent huge waves of unescorted bombers to blunt the German Panzer divisions thrusts into Soviet territory. The result was appalling Soviet losses. Jagdgeschwader 77 shot down 47 VVS bombers on the 25 June.
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From October 1939 until 1940 Aguila continued her peacetime run between Liverpool and the Canary Islands. Her only convoy protection was on outward voyages from Liverpool to the North Atlantic west of Portugal, where she would leave the convoy to enter neutral Portuguese waters and proceed to Lisbon unescorted. After calling at Lisbon she would continue unescorted to Las Palmas and Tenerife, and return unescorted to Liverpool. France's surrender to Germany in June 1940 gave the Kriegsmarine naval bases on France's Atlantic coast, leading to German and Italian submarines' First Happy Time in the Battle of the Atlantic. Allied shipping losses increased and from August 1940 Yeoward Brothers changed the movements of its ships. In August 1940 Aguila had a normal outward run with Convoy OG 40, leaving Liverpool on 3 August and reaching Lisbon on 14 August. Three days later she left Lisbon for Las Palmas, but on 19 August the shelled her with its guns. The Regia Marina vessel claimed five hits on Aguila, but in fact the liner was undamaged and reached Las Palmas on 20 August.
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U-510 left Batavia on 11 January 1945 for the voyage back to Europe. U-510 carried with her a load of tungsten, tin, quinine, etc. from the Far East. On 23 February she sank the unescorted 7,136 ton Canadian merchant ship about north-west of Cape Town.
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Instead, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau shadowed it, acting to guide in U-boat attacks. The two ships moved back to the western Atlantic, sinking a solitary freighter en route. Two unescorted convoys were attacked and 16 ships were sunk or captured. One of these ships—Chilean Reefer—caused problems.
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Another, Flensburg, went down the following day about from Suriname. The 48 survivors were spotted by a Yugoslavian merchant ship, but when they learned of the prospect of an unescorted Atlantic crossing to Durban, opted to remain in their lifeboats until they reached the mouth of the River Marowijine.
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As a result of Major General Mitchell's inspiring leadership and tireless devotion to duty, Allied surface ships operated unopposed and bombers carried out unescorted missions throughout the entire South Pacific Area. His indomitable fighting spirit was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
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There she sank eight ships totaling and damaged another of : She had her first success on 2 November, sinking the unescorted Greek merchant steamer Aegeus off Cape Columbine. There were no survivors. On 9 November, the U-boat attacked and damaged the unescorted British oil tanker Cerion south of Port Elizabeth with her 37 mm and 20 mm AA guns, after her deck gun malfunctioned, and several attacks with torpedoes failed. The British tanker Scottish Chief was the next victim on 19 November; she was loaded with of fuel oil, and was torpedoed by U-177 about east southeast of Durban. The ship exploded and sank in flames, with only 12 of the crew of 48 surviving.
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On 13 August he first sighted the liner in service as a hospital ship. He then sighted the sailing unescorted for Madras. He fired one torpedo from under a mile away which hit her stern. Royal Edward sank quickly in position 6 miles west from Kandeliusa in the Aegean Sea.
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The second would strike at the close escort, or, if unescorted, the bombers themselves. The third was to attack the bombers head-on. The impact of Park's methods was instant. His Forward Interception Plan, issued officially on 25 July 1942, forced the Axis to abandon daylight raids within six days.
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As in Asian cultures, shoes are not worn in most areas of a zen center. Members of Zen centers have access to areas outside of public areas. It is not considered polite to wander around the Zen center unescorted. At most centers, the abbot or Roshi is available by appointment only.
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At approximately 6 a.m. on 4 June 1942 C.O. Stillman sailed from Aruba, unescorted but in company with another Standard Oil tanker, . As well as her 47 crew and eight guards, C.O. Stillman was carrying three workaway crewmen from other tankers. Stillman made but L.J. Drake made only and fell behind.
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Crewmen from K X, and were sent back to England to crew the submarine Haai, then under construction as , but their unescorted passenger ship was sunk by the German U-boat north of the Azores on 29 October 1942, and only four of the 34 Dutch Navy men aboard survived.
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Formations of unescorted bombers were no match for German fighters, which inflicted a deadly toll. In despair, the Eighth halted air operations over Germany until a long-range fighter could be found in 1944; it proved to be the P-51 Mustang, which had the range to fly to Berlin and back.
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On 21 August, she sighted an unescorted convoy of three tankers and five freighters. She fired five torpedoes at a pair of freighters, but scored no hits. Two more sped toward a tanker and produced one explosion but no apparent damage. The next day, she sighted another convoy heading in the opposite direction.
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On 30 November, she sank the unescorted British troop transport Llandaff Castle with two torpedoes southeast of Lourenço Marques. The former Union- Castle Line passenger ship had 150 passengers on board, including six Soviet diplomats with their wives and children and 70 military officers with their families. Three crew members were lost.
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On the return flight he spotted three Dornier Do 17s he thought were unescorted and claimed one shot down. Lining up a second Drake was shot down by a Messerschmitt Bf 110 and was forced to bale out. Drake was credited with one bomber destroyed. The claim against the second Dornier was unconfirmed.
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This exposed the lone, unescorted ships to continued unopposed attacks by German U-boats and aircraft. In total, PQ 17 lost 24 of 36 merchant ships, with 21 sunk after the order to scatter.Rohwer and Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 147–148.Blair Hitler's U Boat War: The Hunters 1939–42 2000, pp. 640–645.
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After a week in Bombay she joined Convoy BM 100 to Colombo in Ceylon, and then continued unescorted to Australia and New Zealand. She called at Melbourne on 10–13 September, Wellington 17–30 September and then Fremantle 9–14 October 1944. She then returned to Egypt, reaching Suez on 4 November.
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On 1 September 1939, the day that the UK and France declared war against Germany, Clan Macwhirter sailed unescorted from Majunga in Madagascar bound for Colombo in Ceylon. She continued to trade unescorted in the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic until 1 February 1940, when she reached Freetown in Sierra Leone with a cargo of wheat and maize from Rosario and Buenos Aires in Argentina. From Freetown she sailed on 5 February with Convoy SL 19F, reaching Liverpool on 20 February. Macwhirter sailed in home waters, including with Convoy FN 102 from Southend to Methil, until she arrived off Southend on 15 March with Convoy FS 120. She left Southend on 5 April carrying general cargo with convoy OG 24, which reached Gibraltar on 8 November.
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At 9:30 p.m., Tzatzadakis flashed his torch three times signalling that Kreipe's car was approaching unescorted. Leigh Fermor and Moss blocked the road, and as the car came closer Moss waved his policeman's stick and shouted "Halt!". When the car came to a halt, Leigh Fermor smiled and requested that identity papers be shown.
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The Squadron Leader's aircraft signified by the "A" on the fuselage During 1935, the concept of a turret-armed defensive fighter to counter the bomber threat emerged during a time in which the RAF anticipated having to defend Great Britain against massed formations of unescorted enemy bombers.Buttler 2004, p. 51.Mondey 2002, pp. 40–41.
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They were attacked by German fighters, with two bombers shot down and the other two, badly damaged, crash-landing at their base. Following this mission, unescorted bombing missions were abandoned, and the aircraft's American .30 inch Browning machine guns, which had jammed during the engagement, were replaced by guns firing British .303 inch ammunition.
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After the heavy losses of the Regensburg raid, the USAAF was unable to immediately mount further unescorted deep raids into Germany. This allowed some respite for JG 50\. Its next major action was 6 September. Graf shot down two of the four four-engined bombers claimed, even though he had to crash-land his aircraft.
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Military housing includes barracks, UOQs (unescorted or "bachelor" officer quarters), and family housing. The age and condition of these facilities varies widely. A few officer family housing units are very historical in nature and can be quite large and ornate. Most family and UOQ housing is now similar in nature to civilian housing stock.
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There she offloaded troops and cargo for two days, thence returned to Nouméa on 11 December. She next steamed unescorted to San Francisco, arriving on 5 January 1943 for an overhaul at General Engineering & Drydock Company. From 8 February until 27 May, Kenmore transported troops and cargo between San Francisco and the Hawaiian Islands.
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As she was a fast merchant ship Brisbane Star was left to make most of her wartime voyages unescorted. The few exceptions were mostly in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and sometimes outbound convoys from the UK from which she would either detach in mid-Atlantic or continue as far as Freetown in Sierra Leone.
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The two boats dispatched from Germany were , under Endrass, and under Rösing. They would join (Schuhart), (Ambrosius) and (Frauenheim), which were already in mid-Atlantic. All five boats met with success while moving into position. U-46 was able to intercept and sink three ships, sailing alone and unescorted; she also sank the AMC .
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On July 16, 1943 while sailing unescorted the Caswell was torpedoed by the German Submarine U-513. The first torpedo struck aft of the engine room and killed three men on watch. Most of the crew abandoned ship but the Master and a party stayed aboard. A second torpedo struck the vessel ten minutes later.
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James, Vol. 1, p. 353. On emerging from Batavia, Sercey cruised in the Java Sea in search of the annual EIC convoy from Macau. Rainier had escorted half of the convoy safely through the Straits of Malacca during his return to India, but the other half sailed unescorted through the Bali Strait, where Sercey ambushed it on 28 January.
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She then sailed independently to the Firth of Clyde and back to Liverpool. On 11 June she sailed from Liverpool with convoy OB 334 to Halifax, where she arrived on 26 June. From there she sailed unescorted to Trinidad, Cape Town, Durban, Lourenço Marques, Beira, Mauritius and back to Cape Town, where she arrived on 13 October.
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Frankland and Webster 1961, p. 30. Heavy losses among unescorted bombers for little return would ensure a suspension of deep penetration raids in October 1943. It was not until the introduction of a long-range fighter that could escort bombers deep into Germany and back, that a daylight strategy became possible.Frankaland and Webster 1961, p. 37.
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They were intercepted by II./JG 27 and nine were shot down; nine to the Bf 109s. The next day all three JG 27 units moved to Vilnius and found 56 aircraft wrecks from the 57 SAD. Once again, large numbers of unescorted Soviet bombers tried to bomb the airfield but JG 27 and JG 53 repulsed them.
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The unescorted South African steam merchant ship Columbine was hit on the port side by one torpedo. The crew began to abandon ship and were still in the process of doing so when a coup de grâce struck eight minutes after the first hit, causing the ship to sink very rapidly. 23 men died, including the ship's master.
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On 18 February 1945 Pollux evacuated 124 repatriates from Lingayen Gulf. These men were the first POW’s to be freed by US troops in the Manila area. During World War II Pollux steamed 136,152 miles, generally on unescorted supply lines. Although she received no battle stars, her services permitted the fleet to operate far in advance of normal bases.
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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15. Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 2001. . With the appearance of the MiG-15 in the skies over North Korea, unescorted raids at low altitudes now became extremely dangerous. Consequently, the missions were now flown at 20,000 feet, defensive formations were used, and fighter escort was provided by F-80C and F-84E aircraft.
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The U-boat eventually escaped, leaving Assyrian ahead of the convoy and unescorted. , commanded by Fritz Frauenheim, sighted Assyrian west by north of Barra Head, Outer Hebrides. At 0122 hours U-101 fired three bow torpedoes at the convoy, followed two minutes later by a stern torpedo. Frauenheim later reported four hits and four ships sunk.
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Once again Umona continued to Cape Town unescorted. In autumn 1940 Umona returned with a cargo of sugar, calling at Freetown where she joined Convoy SL 50. This time she did not carry the Convoy Commodore but her Master was made Vice-Commodore. SL 50 left Freetown on 3 October escorted by two AMCs: the converted passenger liners and .
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Her final voyage took her from New York, which she departed on 27 February 1943, bound for Liverpool via Holyhead. She was carrying 7,032 tons of general cargo and 145 passengers and crew. Her master was Frank Deighton. Her high speed meant that it was deemed an acceptable risk to sail unescorted rather than in a convoy.
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Unescorted women were not allowed to enter the club after 6:00 p.m; this was a protective measure for men who may have been out with someone other than their wives. Several celebrities did not abide by the rules and were banned from the club. Humphrey Bogart was banned after a prolonged "shouting match" with Billingsley.
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Spencer was sailing unescorted from Aden to Durban when she was struck by three torpedoes from the . After the first struck, the Naval Armed Guard detachment forced U-188 to submerge with gunfire. A second torpedo struck the stationary vessel an hour later and it began sinking. After the crew had abandoned ship the third torpedo hit it.
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The convoy consisted eighteen merchant vessels escorted by six United States Navy warships. It arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba on 21 October. HX 214. Fort Stikine departed from Guantanamo Bay on 23 October as a member of Convoy GN 14\. The unescorted convoy consisted of 33 merchant ships; it arrived at New York on 30 October.
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As with Convoy KMS 6G, Fort Stikine left the convoy and arrived at Oran a day earlier. She sailed on 31 March to join Convoy ET 16, which had departed from Bône earlier that day. The unescorted convoy included fifteen merchant vessels, two of which were sunk by enemy action. ET 16 arrived at Gibraltar on 1 April.
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U-179 sailed from Kiel on 8 September 1942 into the Atlantic, passing north of Scotland and then turned southwest through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She headed south for the waters around Cape Town. She made her only kill on 8 October, sinking the unescorted . All but one of the 99 crewmen survived.
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The unescorted Liberty ship was hit by two torpedoes from U-177 on 20 November. The ship's armed guards opened fire with her and guns, while the engines were secured; subsequently the eight officers, 33 crewmen and 21 armed guards abandoned ship in four lifeboats. Within half an hour the ship sank. Pierce Butlers third mate was questioned by officers from U-177 who offered to send a distress signal if none had been sent. The ship had, and the crew were picked up about 20 hours later by . U-177 next sank the unescorted British troop transport southeast of Lourenço Marques on 28 November. The ship was carrying mail, passengers and 780 Italian prisoners of war and civilian internees from Port Tewfik, Massawa and Aden to Durban.
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What remained of August and most of September was taken up with training, until the regiment received embarkation orders and set sail from Auckland on 23 September. The unescorted transport ships returned to the same harbour the next morning, believing two German cruisers, were in the area. The troops disembarked and it was not until 11 October that they sailed again.Nicol 1921, pp.
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It also flew courier and aerial reconnaissance missions. On 2 November 1943, the squadron flew a series of unescorted attacks on flak positions, coastal defenses and barracks at Rabaul, a major Japanese naval base in New Britain. These attacks earned the squadron a Distinguished Unit Citation. In July 1944, the 498th moved to Biak Island in the Netherlands East Indies.
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British Air Marshal Arthur Barratt, impatient with the reluctance of the French Air Force to conduct air strikes, ordered a flight of Fairey Battle bombers from the 226 Squadron to attack German tank columns. They went unescorted and encountered heavy anti-aircraft fire. Most were damaged by flak but managed to escape. One received a direct hit and crashed near Bettendorf.
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Bashir's appointment was not taken well by the fanatics, for her being a woman. Added to it were the anti corruption activities and her emboldening the women victims of domestic abuse to take their husbands to court. She started receiving telephonic threats, calling for her resignation. Some Herat based clerics also issued a fatwa on unescorted women in public places.
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During the early 20th century the club turned more into a restaurant, and banquet hall for members. It was not until the 1970s that women were allowed to enter the dining room unescorted. The club is no longer member-operated and is owned by sole proprietor Dan Silva. The club remains private and allows members to smoke inside the pub.
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On June 15, 1942 SS Cardina was en route from Buenos Aires to New York City with a cargo of 7000 tons of linseed in bulk under command of master Einar Falnes. She was unescorted and unarmed and not zigzagging. At 12:45 local time in position , about 500 miles northeast of São Luís, Brazil was torpedoed by the .Giorgerini, p.
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After a fortnight in port Stratheden left Bombay on 27 March, sailing unescorted back through the Suez Canal to Gibraltar, where she joined MKF 42. By now Stratheden was carrying 1,898 troops. MKF 42 included Duchess of Bedford and Duchess of Richmond and reached Liverpool on 17 April. On 4 May 1945 Germany unconditionally surrendered, ending the war in Europe.
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It is said that an order by Galland to Oesau to cease flying arrived the day he was killed. Only twenty-four hours later, the Eighth targeted the Leuna works. JG 1 reached the bomber stream but were attacked by the US 78th Fighter Group. III. Gruppe fought a defensive action against the escorts, while the Fw 190 gruppen sought out unescorted bombers.
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Selfridges nameboard The new store opened to the public on 15 March 1909, employing 1,400 staff, setting new standards for the retailing business. At that time, women were beginning to enjoy the fruits of emancipation by wandering unescorted around London. A canny marketer, Selfridge promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity. The store was extensively promoted through paid advertising.
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The ship sank within eight minutes, killing all 49 of the crew. U-504s final victim was the unescorted British 5,966 ton merchant ship Stangarth, sunk on 16 March, by a single torpedo, north-east of San Juan, Puerto Rico. There were no survivors from her crew of 46. U-504 arrived back at Lorient on 1 April after 67 days at sea.
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Ceramic sailed with Convoy ON 149 until it dispersed as scheduled in the North Atlantic. She then continued unescorted as planned. As on her previous departure in January, she first headed west because of the threat of enemy attack. At midnight on 6–7 December, in cold weather and rough seas in mid-Atlantic, hit Ceramic with a single torpedo.
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In 2005, Amelia Zirin-Brown co-created the show "Lady Rizo and the Assettes" with Amber Star Merkens. The show drew from theater, vaudeville, burlesque, cabaret and performance art. Lady Rizo sang largely vintage arrangements of 1980s and 1990s pop songs. She has a solo residency at Joe's Pub entitled "Lady Rizo: Unescorted", that began in the winter of 2009.
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On 25 May 1941 Duchess of Atholl left Suez on her return voyage, and three days later she reached Aden where she joined Convoy SW 7 to Durban. By the time she left Aden Duchess of Atholls passengers were 629 Merchant Navy personnel. From Durban she continued unescorted via Cape Town, crossed the South Atlantic and reached Trinidad on 14 July.
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The ship embarked on 25 February unescorted, its speed protecting it from submarine attacks. Two German submarines were sighted but no attacks were made. The ship reached Liverpool, England, on 5 March 1918. The squadron disembarked the ship the next day and marched to the Liverpool railway station where a train took them to Winchester, Hampshire, on the south coast of England.
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The only injury came when the Chief Officer was blown off the bridge by the blast. They were close enough to shore to be picked up by two Royal Navy motor launches HMS ML-282 and HMS ML-1016. The also unescorted Dahomian was lost 10 miles west-southwest off Cape Point, South Africa on 1 April 1944, torpedoed by .
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Cyclops had a speed of , and when the UK entered the Second World War in 1939 she was 33 years old. Nevertheless, she made most of her wartime voyages unescorted, and seldom had the protection of a convoy. In September 1939 Cyclops was in the Far East. She called at Shanghai, Hong Kong and Saigon before reaching Singapore on 1 October.
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Served in combat, primarily in the South and Southwest Pacific, until the war ended. Attacked Japanese airfields, installations, and shipping in the Solomon Islands and Bismarck Islands. Helped to neutralize enemy bases on Yap and in the Truk and Palau Islands. Received a Distinguished Unit Citation for an unescorted, daylight attack on heavily defended airfields in the Truk Islands on 29 March 1944.
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Supported operations in the Philippines by striking Japanese shipping in the southern Philippines and by bombing airfields on Leyte, Luzon, Negros, Ceram, and Halmahera. Also took part in Allied air operations against the Netherlands East Indies by hitting airfields, shipping, and installations. Received a Distinguished Unit Citation for an unescorted mission against vital oil refineries at Balikpapan, Borneo, on 3 October 1944.
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Because he was 16 at the time of the murder, he was eligible for parole after serving seven years. In November 2004, he was denied his first chance at day parole. The Virks did not contest the parole, because Glowatski expressed remorse and responsibility for his part of the murder. In July 2006, he was granted unescorted temporary absences from jail.
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A prison furlough is when a prisoner is allowed to leave prison and then return. Furloughs can be escorted or unescorted. When the prisoner has to be accompanied by guards, often they are required to pay for these expenses of the furlough. Furloughs are sometimes granted for medical reasons, to attend funerals, or to make contact for employment upon release.
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Setting out from Pearl Harbor again on 30 June, Haddock set course for the Caroline Islands on her fifth war patrol. Detecting a group of four escorted transports north of Palau on 21 July, she maneuvered into position and sank Saipan Maru (5532 tons). The depth charge attacks of the accompanying ships were ineffective. That same day Haddock came upon two unescorted tankers.
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Fort Stikine then joined Convoy RS 4, which departed on 14 April. The unescorted convoy, comprising nineteen merchant ships, arrived at Freetown, Sierra Leone on 25 April. Laden with a cargo of iron ore, Fort Stikine departed with Convoy SL 129 on 11 May. The convoy, comprising 47 merchant ships and nine warships, combined at sea with Convoy MKS 13 on 24 May.
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Segundo refitted at Guam from the submarine tender and was in the East China Sea with Razorback and on 1 February. Three torpedo attacks were made on unescorted ships near the Korean coast in shallow water. The first attack was on 6 March against a small ship but all torpedoes missed. The next was made four days later against a medium-sized ship.
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Venezuelan historians often say that Delgado Chalbaud was planning to restore Venezuelan democracy. If that was his intention, he did not get the chance to accomplish it. One day in November 1950, as he was being driven unescorted through a wooded part of Caracas towards the presidential palace, he was cut off by cars and kidnapped. His captors took him to an isolated house in southern Caracas.
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That evening, she picked up the unescorted convoy SLS 64, which contained nineteen merchant ships. The following morning, Admiral Hipper closed in and sank several of the ships. The British reported only seven ships were lost, totaling , along with damage to two more. The Germans claimed Admiral Hipper had sunk thirteen of the nineteen freighters, while some survivors reported fourteen ships of the convoy were sunk.
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Due to USAAF doctrine and a lack of long-range escorts, long-range bomber raids on targets like Rabaul went in unescorted and suffered heavy losses, prompting severe criticism of Lieutenant General George Brett by war correspondents for misusing his forces.Watson 1944, p. 24. But fighters did provide cover for the transports, and for bombers when their targets were within range.Watson 1944, p. 38.
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Downright discouraging to hit nothing but air. Mayer was not known for showboating, and his actions were probably a result of radio failure - an attempt to attract the attention of his pilots after finding the unescorted bombers. The claim matches exactly the time and place of the 305th Bomb Group's loss. The bomber was B-17F-1-35-DL, 42-3190, of the 322nd Bombardment Squadron.
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Called the Sturmbock (Battering ram), these machines could inflict heavy damage on unescorted bomber formations. Galland supported the conversion of units such as Jagdgeschwader 300 to the Sturmbock role. The Sturmbock were heavily armed and armoured, which meant they were un- manoeuvrable and vulnerable without protection from escorting Bf 109s. Still, the tactics quickly became widespread and were one of the few Luftwaffe success stories in 1944.
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To this end, the Royal Navy developed a series of 'coast-defence battleships', starting with the Devastation class. These 'breastwork monitors' were markedly different from the other high-seas ironclads of the period and were an important precursor of the modern battleship.Beeler, Birth of the Battleship: British Capital Ship Design 1870–1881 p. 204. As long-range monitors they could reach Bermuda unescorted, for example.
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Stratheden began her return voyage a week later. She sailed unescorted from Bombay to Cape Town, where she joined the troop ship to form Convoy CF 12 to Freetown. By the time the two ships left Cape Town on 19 April, Stratheden was carrying 1,642 troops and 1,496 prisoners of war. From Freetown the pair continued as Convoy CF 12A, reaching Liverpool on 10 May 1943.
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The largest was Capetown Castle, and also among them Strathmore carrying 3,309 troops. In total KMF 31 carried at least 21,025 troops. KMF 31's escorts included HMCS Prince Robert and on 11 May were joined by the escort carrier . KMF 31 took Stratheden as far as Port Said, from where she, Strathmore and several other troop ships continued unescorted through the Suez Canal and Red Sea.
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In Bombay they were joined by Strathnaver. On 27 September 1944 Stratheden carrying 2,017 troops, Strathmore carrying 3,382 and Strathnaver carrying 1,467 left Bombay in Convoy BAF 5, which took them as far as Aden. From there they continued unescorted to Port Said. On 10 October Stratheden carrying 2,585 troops, Strathmore carrying 3,629 and Strathnaver carrying 1,902 left Port Said in Convoy MKF 35.
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With the Brest fleet destroyed at Quiberon Bay, they were now unable to escort the French troops across the Channel. Some now began pressing Choiseul for a return to the original plan of an unescorted crossing, suggesting that the invasion be postponed to early 1760. 1759 was a disastrous year for the French war effort. They suffered severe defeats in Canada, the West Indies, Europe and India.
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She returned of her own volition four days later. The same patient was again allowed unescorted day leave in February 2015 and failed to return. She was found safe and well and returned by police the following day. In May 2014, a patient who was found not guilty due to mental impairment for murder was allowed an unsupervised leave for a day did not return on time.
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Of the 58 ships that set out, two turned back and three were sunk. 53 ships made a safe and timely arrival. HX 47 was one of two trans- Atlantic convoys attacked during June, the other, HX 49, also losing three ships. During the month as a whole the UBW sank 63 ships in the Atlantic; most of these were unescorted vessels sailing independently.
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On the evening of 29 May 1943, U-198 torpedoed the unescorted British motor merchantman Hopetarn about east of Durban. 37 souls survived this attack, although the second officer was taken prisoner by the submarine crew. At the end of the patrol he was sent to the POW camp at Milag Nord. While tracking a small convoy on 31 May, U-198 was sighted by the escorts.
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I./JG 27 were responsible for at least one of the seven Battles lost by No. 88 Squadron RAF and No. 218 Squadron RAF sent to bomb Wiltz, beyond Sedan. Only one Battle returned. No. 139 Squadron RAF attacked the bridges at Maastricht at first light on 12 May. Seven of the nine unescorted were shot down in flames by 2./JG 1 and 3.
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After arriving at Halifax for deployment, she was initially assigned to Sydney Force. In January 1942 she joined Newfoundland Force for a brief period. In March 1942 she transferred to the Western Local Escort Force (WLEF). When the U-boat threat spread to the North American coast and they began to target unescorted oil tankers, escorts were assigned to protect them against the menace.
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Manistee’s first encounter with a U-boat was on 7 July 1940 when travelling unescorted southwest of Ireland. She was sighted by , under the command of Otto Kretschmer, who fired a G7e torpedo at her at 14.01 hours. Kretschmer then surfaced and began shelling Manistee at 14.14 hours. The ship returned fire, forcing U-99 to break off, with neither side having scored any hits.
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In September 1967 the Vamps left Australia for Vietnam and a proposed 12-month tour of American, Australian, Korean and Vietnamese military bases. They performed at numerous localities, often driving themselves to gigs in an unescorted kombi van.Marc Leepson, Mara Wallis's Documentary On Show Folk In Vietnam, The VVA Veteran – The Official Voice of Vietnam Veterans of America, March / April 2003. Accessed 6 June 2014.
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Jervis Bay left the convoy on 20 September, before the escort group had rendezvoused with the convoy. The German submarine spotted the unescorted convoy shortly after Jervis Bay had left, and shadowed the convoy allowing a "wolfpack" of U-boats to be assembled against the convoy. U-boats sank four merchant ships before the escort group, consisting of the sloop , the corvettes , and and Shikari arrived.
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The surviving complete example of the type is a Defiant I, N1671, on display as a night fighter at the Royal Air Force Museum.Bowyer 1970, p. 270. The Boulton Paul Defiant "turret fighter" was originally conceived under the F.9/35 specification for a "two-seat day and night fighter" to defend Great Britain against massed formations of unescorted enemy bombers.Buttler 2004, p. 51.
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Maturin finds Dil dead and robbed of the silver bracelets that he had given her; he supervises her cremation on the shore. The ambassador dies before reaching the Sunda Strait so the Surprise sets sail for Britain. They encounter the East India Company's China Fleet, returning to England unescorted. A day after leaving the China Fleet the Surprise spots Linois's squadron in the Indian Ocean.
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Retrieved 26 April 2011. In March 2011, Ramage made his first application for day parole and release to a halfway house, but this request was denied. The board did grant him permission to leave the minimum- security prison for three-day unescorted absences once a month. The board cited its belief that Ramage did not yet understand the severity of the actions which led to his incarceration.
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The unescorted bombers were no match for the Japanese fighters and soon beat a hasty retreat. Only one of the B-17s was able to make its way back to Del Monte; the others had to crash-land short of their base. The Japanese lost at most 4 fighters. Under these conditions, it was evident that the remaining heavy bombers could not operate efficiently in the Philippines.
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The attack achieved complete surprise and Hake was not attacked by the screening vessels. She then departed for Fremantle, Australia, terminating the patrol there 20 February 1944. Hake's fourth war patrol was spent in the South China Sea near Singapore, following departure from Fremantle 18 March 1944. She encountered her first target 27 March off southwest Borneo, and it was a submariner's dream: an unescorted tanker.
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The squadron made it with fuel to spare. This was reported to have made US Naval history; an MSO crossing the Atlantic unescorted. The cruise continued to Denmark where the squadron was engaged in Operation Love Song, a NATO exercise and then on to Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, Spain and into the Mediterranean. They continued in the Med for several months with a maintenance stop in Naples.
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No crew were killed and the ship did not sink but was disabled so it was scuttled and abandoned. The remainder of the convoy safely reached the Grand Harbour at Valletta the next day. Dunedin Star stayed in Malta for four weeks, leaving unescorted on 22 October and calling at Gibraltar three days later. Dunedin Stars movements for the next five months are not recorded.
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Via Kristiansand, Stavanger and Bergen she reached her assigned operation area off Newfoundland in February 1944. A first attack on an unescorted freighter on 6 February 1944 failed, but three days later a British steamer, (), fell victim to U-845s torpedo. On 14 February the U-boat was spotted by an aircraft. In the subsequent attack one crew member died and two others were wounded.
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It also serves as a security zone, within which only trusted, FBI background-checked and badged individuals are allowed to walk unescorted. The Protected Area is surrounded by a number of closely monitored, motion-detection protected fences, and the gap in between the fences is electronically monitored. There are many layers of gates, and those are well guarded. Numerous other security measures are in effect.
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She then spent eight weeks under repair on the Clyde and at Faslane. On 15 June 1944 Dunnottar Castle left the Clyde to sail unescorted to Lagos and Takoradi. On 10 July she left Lagos for Egypt via convoys LTS 27, SR 15 and KMF 33, reaching Port Said on 31 July. In August she sailed from Suez to Bombay, joining Convoy AB 43 from Aden.
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The ship, en route to New York from Curaçao with a cargo of 926 tons of coffee and oil, sank within two minutes. Fourteen crewmen were lost, while the 11 survivors were picked up by the submarine chaser . Finally, at 23:25 the unescorted and unarmed 7,088-ton American tanker Halsey was hit by two torpedoes off St Lucie Inlet, ripping a hole in the side long.
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Rödel led JG 27 without filing a claim. During the course of the mission the Bf 109s chanced upon and unescorted bombers from the 94th Bombardment Wing. A combat box of 50 B-17s were flying to Dessau and nearing Magdeburg. Rödel's Geschwader did not normally employ a set formation to attack US heavy bombers but they took advantage of the situation and attacked in Staffeln-strength.
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Fifty-two tanks, eighteen self-propelled guns and other supplies were lost when was sunk and NYPOE located replacement armor and ammunition, loaded and dispatched Seatrain Texas within forty-eight hours to sail unescorted, taking 18 days to Cape Town, until joined by a Free French escort at Durban as escort as far as Somalia. Seatrain Texas, again sailing unescorted and under the British code name "Treasure Ship," arrived at Port Taufiq on 2 September where the fully assembled tanks were unloaded and operational on 23 October at the Battle of El Alamein. The ship remained in Army service as USAT Seatrain Texas until redelivered to the line on 23 May 1946. Seatrain New Orleans, the original Seatrain ship, was transferred to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) on 21 May 1942 and operated until 6 June 1946 by Seatrain Management Corporation as agent for WSA.
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The ship was identified as Brazilian only after the attack when the survivors were questioned. On 28 May, about 150 miles south of the Mona Passage, she sank the unescorted American 6,759-ton Type C1 ship Alcoa Pilgrim, carrying a cargo of bauxite ore, and on 3 June, about 150 miles north-west of Trinidad, she torpedoed the unescorted American 6,940-ton tanker M.F. Elliott. Hit below the waterline, the ship sank within six minutes. U-502 attacked Convoy TO-5, en route from Trinidad to Curaçao, on 9 June, about 35 miles north-east of Cape Blanco, Venezuela, sinking the Belgian 5,085-ton merchant ship Bruxelles, and damaging the American 6,589-ton tanker Franklin K. Lane to such an extent that it was abandoned and later sunk by gunfire from . On 15 June, U-502 struck once again and sank three ships in a single day.
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On 7 September 1942, American Leader was in Cape Town where she received orders from the British Admiralty. She was sent westward - unescorted - toward the Straits of Magellan to the Pacific. At that time the Hilfskreuzer (auxiliary cruiser) Michel of the Deutsche Kriegsmarine (German Navy) had already taken nine ships in the South Atlantic. Despite having the outward appearance of a civilian cargo ship she was heavily armed.
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In April 1974, Groucho and Stoliar "received an answer from Universal. According to Vice President Arnold Shane, they were 'delighted with the response of the students.'" On May 23, 1974, attempting to gauge public interest, Universal screened a sharp new print of the film at the UA Theater in Westwood, just south of the UCLA campus. Groucho made a personal appearance and walked unescorted into the theatre on the left aisle.
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The general store and post office is open from 2PM to 4PM Tuesdays through Saturdays. Most land in and around Edna Bay is privately held and there are no public camping or day-use facilities. Unescorted visitors should first check with the local residents before attempting to trespass, camp, or hunt in the area. Residents of Edna Bay have available to them both land-line telephone and broadband internet.
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At Aden Stratheden with 4,036 troops and Strathmore with 4,679 joined Convoy AB 40A, which reached Bombay on 1 June. On 7 June 1944 Stratheden carrying 3,226 troops and Strathmore carrying 2,850 left Bombay in Convoy BA 71. From Aden they continued unescorted to Port Said. There they joined Convoy MKF 32, which took Stratheden carrying 2,420 troops and Strathmore carrying 4,180 to Liverpool, where they arrived on 4 July.
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The next day Stratheden left the Clyde for India carrying 3,031 troops. She sailed as far as Gibraltar in Convoy KMF 44, which was her final convoy of the war. Stratheden sailed unescorted through the Mediterranean, Suez Canal and Indian Ocean, reaching Bombay on 30 May. She left Bombay on 5 June and returned via the Mediterranean, calling at Algiers on 20–21 June and reaching Liverpool on 25 June.
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From July 1940 until November 1942 she repeatedly crossed the North Atlantic: sailing west in OB and ON convoys and returning from Canada or the USA in HX or SC convoys. In November 1942 she sailed from Milford Haven to Gibraltar, returning in January 1943. On 11 February 1943 Castilian, laden with munitions, left Liverpool unescorted. The next day she struck rocks off The Skerries, Isle of Anglesey and sank.
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A second torpedo narrowly missed, and despite a hole in the port side, the ship escaped and arrived at Durban on 1 August under her own power. The unescorted 6,921 ton British merchant ship Empire Stanley was torpedoed and sunk south southeast of Cap Sainte Marie, Madagascar on 17 August. From the 54 men aboard, 25 lost their lives, while the 29 survivors were later picked up in two lifeboats.
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In World War II, the bomber mafia's theory of the primacy of unescorted daylight strategic bombing was proved wrong.Lee, 1997, pp. 219–220. Fleets of heavy bombers were not able to achieve victory without the cooperation of the Army and Navy, and required the protection of long-range fighters for deep penetration missions. Overall casualties in the war were not minimal, and victory did not come significantly quicker.
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It was carrying spare parts and their loss effected the squadrons operational readiness, leaving most of the squadron grounded. Later that day Carey conducted a lone patrol to Lille and Douai and spotted three unescorted He 111s but all were shot down by another squadron before he could get into position. In the afternoon, in the same sector, he dispatched a Stab./KG 54 (Command squadron) He 111.
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Two of the Kaiten could not be launched. While cruising east of Okinawa I-36 sighted a supply vessel sailing unescorted. The commander attempted to launch Kaiten but failed, and a torpedo attack also failed when the torpedoes detonated prematurely. On 2 May I-47 launched two Kaiten against two US ships, and explosions were heard an hour later, after which I-47 launched one Kaiten at an escort vessel.
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Brown, p. 16 On 14 June, carrying only half of 816 Squadron for her own protection, Furious sailed unescorted for Halifax carrying £18,000,000 in gold bullion. On 1 July she escorted a convoy of Canadian troops bound for Iceland from Halifax and ferried over almost 50 aircraft with spare parts and munitions. On his own initiative, Captain Troubridge ordered all available space should be used to transport sugar to Britain.
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Flying from Otopeni military airbase, the P.24 fighters reportedly managed to shoot down 37 VVS bombers, which were typically unescorted and thereby more vulnerable to interception.Bernád 1999, p. 15. The P.24E was also routinely used for ground attack missions until the end of 1941; however, after 1942, the type was relegated to training duties because of its obsolescence in the face of improved opposition fighter aircraft.
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Following her refit, Dominant was homeported in Charleston SC along with her entire squadron (the other "D" ships) From there, they departed for another European cruise. Port hopping via Halifax Nova Scotia and St.Johns Newfoundland for topping off, she and her squadron sailed unescorted to Campbelltown Scotland. She carried insufficient fuel in her tanks for the crossing so a 2,500 gallon fuel bladder was installed on her fantail.
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After the United Kingdom entered the Second World War in September 1939 Dunedin Star initially continued its cargo liner service between Britain and Australia. As it was a fast merchant ship, it sailed unescorted until November 1940. On 10 October 1939, the ship left Liverpool for Brisbane. It called at Las Palmas, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London, Durban, Lourenço Marques, Sydney and Rockhampton, and reached Brisbane on 26 November.
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The elimination of the turrets and the associated General Electric computerized gun system increased the top speed of the Superfortress to 364 mph at 25,000 feet and made the B-29B suitable for fast, unescorted hit-and-run bombing raids and photographic missions. Moved to Northwest Field, Guam, April–June 1945, and assigned to the 315th Bomb Wing, Twentieth Air Force. Bombed Japanese-held Truk late in June 1945.
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At 09:21 on 18 September, the unescorted 2,994-ton Norwegian merchant ship Olaf Fostenes was hit by one of two torpedoes fired by U-380 on her starboard side. Another torpedo struck on her port side at 11:20 and sank her without loss. The crew of 36 abandoned ship in two lifeboats. The U-boat surfaced and asked for the master, but were told that he had been lost.
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In November 1658, a conspiracy between Bornholmers was started, egged on by the Danish crown which appealed to its loyal citizens to resist the occupiers. A golden opportunity presented itself to the conspirators on December 8. They learned that Printzensköld was to ride, unescorted, from the Swedish headquarters in Hammershus to Rønne to prepare for reinforcements from Sweden. Five conspirators rode into Rønne, to the mayor's house where Printzensköld was staying.
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Linois later claimed that the unescorted British merchant fleet was defended by eight ships of the line, a claim criticised by contemporary officers and later historians. Cumberland reached Malacca on 18 February and Penang on 3 March, and St Helena on 10 June. She arrived at Long Reach on 14 August. The EIC voted a £50,000 prize fund to be divided among the various commanders at the battle and their crews.
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At 20:30 the Palmes left their apartment, unescorted, heading for the Gamla stan metro station. Several people witnessed their short walk to the station and, according to the later police investigation, commented on the lack of bodyguards. The couple took the subway train to the Rådmansgatan station, from where they walked to the Grand Cinema. They met their son and his girlfriend just outside the cinema around 21:00.
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SS Mariposa was a very large troopship, fast enough to elude U-boats unescorted across the Atlantic The battalion departed New York POE on 27 October and crossed the Atlantic unescorted aboard the converted luxury liner SS Mariposa, docking in Marseille, France on 6 November 1944. The unit marched to a staging area near Aix-en-Provence for three weeks of advanced training, mainly in demolitions, while waiting for equipment and vehicles. While there it was attached to the U.S. Seventh Army of the U.S. Sixth Army Group in the European Theater of Operations. On 29 November the battalion motor convoyed to Nice, France. From 30 November 1944 to 23 March 1945 it was attached to the 44th AAA Brigade, in support of the famed Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and later the Puerto Rican 65th Infantry Regiment on combat duty in the Maritime Alps, on the southern Maginot Line above Nice and Menton.
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On 20 November 1944, Cornwallis would leave Barbados with a cargo of sugar and molasses. She left port with a crew complement of 48 including seven armed guards and a British DBS. The ship's captain, Emerson Robinson, was instructed to sail unescorted through the Cape Cod Canal and then up the coast of New England before finally arriving at their destination Saint John. On 3 December 1944, she was spotted and fired upon by .
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The 816th was based in Foggia, Italy, and Ascani flew 53 combat missions in the B-17, including a secret mission delivery of supplies in German-occupied Czechoslovakia to partisans and the evacuation of escaping Allied airmen. Two of his missions were to Ploieşti, Rumania, and one to Memmingen, Germany, where he lost his entire squadron flying at the rear on an unescorted mission after being attacked from behind by over 200 German fighters.
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After commissioning, Otway and Oxley were temporarily assigned to the Royal Navy's 5th Submarine Flotilla. On 8 February 1928, the two submarines set out for Australia in the longest unescorted voyage undertaken by a British submarine. En route to Malta, cracks were found on Otways engine columns. On arrival in Malta, similar fractures were found in Oxleys engine columns, and the two boats were detained while improved columns were fabricated and installed.
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The 350th engaged in strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Germany, sustaining very heavy losses of personnel and aircraft while conducting many unescorted missions over enemy territory attacking airfields, industries, naval facilities and transportation hubs. The squadron flew its first mission against Bremen, Germany on 25 June 1943.Sheridan, p. 162 During the summer of 1944, aircrews bombed enemy positions at Saint-Lô, followed by similar campaigns at Brest in August and September.
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This late-season eastbound unescorted transit was the first time the Finnish icebreakers have sailed through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and was claimed to save both time and money. The ships arrived to Nuuk, Greenland, on 31 October 2015.Finnish icebreakers arrive in Greenland after late-season NW Passage transit. NunatsiaqOnline, 2 November 2015. In late 2016, Nordica was chartered to support oil and gas production activities in the Sea of Okhotsk.
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Hipper was distracted from further search by finding convoy SL 64 and sinking seven ships from that unescorted convoy. The escort of convoy HG 53 was reinforced by the on 18 February, by the on 20 February, and by the , the , and the HMS Anemone from convoy OG 53 on 22 February. The surviving 12 ships of convoy HG 53 arrived in Liverpool on 24 February 1941. Nine ships totaling 15,217 GRT had been sunk.
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The boat sank the 8,235 ton Brazilian cargo ship Bagé, a straggler from convoy TJ-2, off the Rio Real, Brazil, on 1 August and on the 6th she torpedoed and then sank with gunfire the unescorted 7,133 ton British cargo ship Fort Halkett about 600 miles southeast of Natal, Brazil. On 3 August U-185 was attacked by a Ventura bomber of Squadron VB-107 with depth charges, wounding one man.
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Canadian Pacific "Empress" and "Duchess" ships sailed in numerous Freetown and Mediterranean convoys. Duchess of Richmond sailed with Stratheden in nine convoys between 1942 and 1945. On 18 February 1945 Stratheden left Liverpool carrying 4,252 troops in Convoy KMF 40, whose largest troop ships were Britannic and Stirling Castle. KMF 40 took her as far as Gibraltar, from there she continued unescorted through the Mediterranean, Suez Canal and Indian Ocean, reaching Bombay on 12 March.
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Security Identification Display Area, or SIDA, is a special security area designated by an airport operator in the US to comply with Transportation Security Administration (TSA) requirements in CFR 49 1542.205. An identification system must be used in this area. Before allowing unescorted access to this area, a person must be trained and their background investigated. Normally, the flight ramp and other sensitive operational areas of a US commercial airport are designated as a SIDA.
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By chance, these torpedo planes arrived before the dive bombers and were mostly unescorted by fighters. Squadrons from each American carrier unhesitatingly attacked Japanese carriers successively over the hour beginning just after Nagumo landed all the surviving planes from his first strike on Midway. Japanese Zeros from the airborne CAP descended upon and slaughtered these three American squadrons as they made their lumbering torpedo approaches. Few torpedoes were successfully launched and none struck the carriers.
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Eastern Sword, operated by Alcoa Steamship Company, departed New York with seven officers and twenty-nine crew members, en route to Georgetown, British Guiana in ballast to pick up a load of bauxite. The vessel made a stop at Trinidad and for the entire route, she was unescorted. At about 0345 on 4 May 1942, she was torpedoed by the about off the Georgetown Light, Trinidad. The ship had been traveling at when attacked.
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Wolfgang Schellmann led Stab/JG 27 into combat but was forced to bail out over Soviet lines and was never heard from again. He was the only JG 27 commanding officer killed in action. The Western Front ordered aerial counter-attacks against Army Group Centre. Waves of unescorted bombers were sent against German forces. 27 Ilyushin DB-3 bombers of the 53 BAP were sent to attack German forces at Grodno on 24 June.
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Rödel took command of II./JG 27 when Gerlitz was moved to command the JG 53 contingent. Air fighting escalated from 22 May as each side sought to gain air superiority. On 23 May an interception by JG 27 against No. 223 Squadron RAF ended in the unescorted British bomber unit being destroyed. II./JG 27 carried out the bulk of the combat and heavy claims were made which have proven difficult to verify.
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300x300px On 22 March, with a bright moon lighting the late-night sky, elements of U.S. XII Corps′ 5th Infantry Division began the 3rd Army's Rhine crossing. At Nierstein assault troops did not meet any resistance. As the first boats reached the east bank, seven startled Germans surrendered and then paddled themselves unescorted to the west bank to be placed in custody. Upstream at Oppenheim, however, the effort did not proceed so casually.
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The crew abandoned ship and landed on an isolated part of the island. They were not rescued until 4 January, by men from the garrison at Barentsburg. Only the master, three crewmen and nine gunners survived, while 36 crewmen members and nine gunners were lost, many to frostbite. At 22:24 the same day, 6 November, she torpedoed and sank the unescorted 7,455 ton British merchant ship Empire Sky south of Spitsbergen.
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Attacks from one of the corvettes drove the submarine deep but caused no serious damage. A little while later, the submarine drove off an approaching British Catalina with gunfire and then crash-dived to escape, losing the convoy in the process. The morning of 5 June 1943 found U-198 stalking her next victim, the unescorted British motor merchant vessel Dumra. Two torpedoes at 07.50 hours destroyed the merchant ship's bow, but she remained afloat.
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The U-boat left Lorient on 19 February 1944, bound for the Indian Ocean. En route, on 8 April, she torpedoed and sank the unescorted 8,261 ton British merchant ship Nebraska, dispersed from Convoy OS-71, south-west of Ascension Island. Two crew members were lost, while the master, 55 crewmen, eight gunners, and two stowaways were rescued. Oskar Herwarts surfaced U-843 and offered assistance to the three lifeboats launched from the Nebraska.
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Jasper Park was on voyage from Calcutta and Cochin, India unescorted to Saint John, New Brunswick via Durban, South Africa with 6,500 tons of general cargo including jute and tea. On 6 July 1943 at 10AM Jasper Park was found by the , commanded by Robert Gysae, south-southwest of Cap Sainte Marie, Madagascar. Jasper Park was hit by two or three torpedoes from U-177. She sank in the Indian Ocean, south of Durban.
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She left Durban five days later as part of the fleet for Operation Ironclad. The fleet landed Allied troops at Diego- Suarez on 5 May and had captured the town by 7 May. Duchess of Atholl left Diego-Suarez on 25 May and sailed unescorted back to Scotland, calling at Durban, Cape Town and Freetown before reaching the Clyde on 27 June. Duchess of Atholl next sailed to Egypt packed with 4,114 troops.
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At the start of the War, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) had, as its principal mission, the doctrine of strategic bombing. This incorporated the unerring belief that unescorted bombers could win the war without the advent of ground troops. This doctrine proved to be fundamentally flawed. However, during the entire course of the war the USAAF top brass clung to this doctrine, and hence operated independently of the rest of the Army.
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The raid did not eventuate. I think it was the worst > day in my life I have spent to date, just waiting for something to > eventuate, which did not. The Japanese subsequently used this tactic to great advantage, repeatedly sending over small unescorted formations at night. Elsewhere in the Pacific these lone intruders would remain overhead for hours on end, periodically dropping a bomb to make sure no one got to sleep.
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They came in at low level and were unescorted because the Japanese air defense system was totally inadequate. They dropped 1665 tons of incendiary bombs containing a jelly-like mixture of rubber, lye, and coconut oil, all blended with gasoline. An unstoppable conflagration burned out 45 square kilometers and killed over 100,000 people in a matter of minutes. Most of the victims suffocated in bomb shelters when the raging fires consumed the oxygen.
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Late on 25 November 1939, about west-north-west of Cape Finisterre (northwest Spain), U-43 attacked the unescorted 2,483 ton British collier Uskmouth. Both G7a torpedoes malfunctioned (a common problem in the early years of the war), so the U-boat opened fire with her deck gun. After a while she fired another torpedo, but missed, so recommenced shelling. After firing 149 rounds, U-43 left the ship on fire and slowly sinking.
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On 1 January 1941, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. However, he fell out with the head of RAF Bomber Command, Air Marshal Sir Richard Peirse, over the merits of sending Bristol Blenheims on unescorted daylight missions, which Robb regarded as suicidal. Robb was therefore transferred to RAF Coastal Command, where he command No. 15 Group RAF. Robb became Deputy Chief of Combined Operations under Lord Louis Mountbatten in 1942.
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On 8 December 1941 Japan invaded Malaya. A month later Rohna left Bombay for Singapore in Convoy BM 10, arriving on 25 January 1942. She left on 28 January in Convoy NB 1, a fortnight before Singapore was surrendered to Japan. From March 1942 Rohna spent a year criss- crossing the Indian Ocean between Bombay, Karachi, Colombo, Basra, Aden, Suez, Khorramshahr, Bandar Abbas, Bahrain and Âbâdân; sometimes in convoys but much of the time unescorted.
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In 2014, Nunavik became the first cargo ship to make an unescorted voyage through the Northwest Passage. The vessel left Deception Bay, Canada, on 19 September and passed Point Barrow, Alaska, on 30 September. After clearing the Bering Strait, the vessel headed to Bayuquan, China, with a cargo of nickel ore. According to Fednav, the voyage reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 1,300 tonnes when compared to a similar voyage through the Panama Canal.
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The German attack caught large numbers of Soviet Air Force aircraft on the ground. Faulty tactics – sending unescorted bombers against the Germans at regular intervals in tactically unsound formations – accounted for many more. Kesselring reported that in the first week of operations Luftflotte 2 had accounted for 2,500 Soviet aircraft in the air and on the ground. Even Göring found these figures hard to believe and ordered them to be re-checked.
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Gulfamericas maiden voyage was to take her from Port Arthur, Texas to New York, carrying a cargo of 101,500 barrels of furnace oil. On the night of 10 April 1942, she was traveling unescorted about off Jacksonville, Florida. She was illuminated by the lights of the Jacksonville Beach resort, which at that time was not observing a blackout. Just after 10 pm, the decision was made to stop steaming an evasive zigzag course.
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U-333 left her new home port of La Pallice on 30 March 1942, and headed across the Atlantic to the coast of Florida. There, on 6 May, she attacked three ships, sinking two. The first was the unescorted 8,327-ton American tanker Java Arrow, hit by two torpedoes eight miles (13 km) off Vero Beach at 05:43. The attack killed two officers on watch below, the 45 survivors abandoned ship in two lifeboats.
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However, the Navy did take steps to assure that no single-engine plane or unit was unescorted on an over-water flight. By Order of CINCPAC escort planes were official Navy policy for single-engine fighters. The pilots who had survived the disaster had been sent back to the states in December for assignment to other squadrons. Few had ever known what had been the real cause of the loss of six of their number.
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Om 21 April 1942 the San Jacinto was sighted by the German submarine U-201. On 22 April 1942, after around twelve hours of pursuit, U-201 fired a torpedo that struck the unarmed and unescorted ship at 03.29 hours. Of the eight officers, seventy-one crewmen, and one hundred-four passengers, fourteen were killed. The survivors, including 32 women and children, tied their life-rafts together and waited until daylight to radio for help.
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Bangkok Nightlife - What to Do & Where to Go at Night in Bangkok Their nightlife ranges from live music in jazz clubs to world-class restaurants. The once sleazy image of Bangkok at night has been virtually eradicated in the past 30 years. Bangkok is the only place in the world with pink taxi cabs that cater towards the LGBT tourists and residents. Even unescorted women can enjoy Bangkok safely and without any problems.
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The ship sank within three minutes after being hit with the loss of 29 of her crew in position . The 17 survivors were later picked up by a British merchant ship. Later the same night, at 01:16 on 24 February, the unescorted British of was attacked with a single torpedo. The ship sank 25 minutes after being hit by the torpedo at the stern. All 35 crew members were lost in the attack.
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After her narrow escape Aguila did not call at Tenerife, but instead went south to Freetown in Sierra Leone. There the UK formed inbound convoys to the British Isles, but if Aguila hoped to join one she was unsuccessful. From Freetown she turned north and steamed unescorted to Madeira, where she stopped for five days before continuing to Gibraltar. There she joined Convoy HG 43, which left on 4 September and reached Liverpool on 19 September.
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145–267 Vampire rescued 225 of the ships' 2,081 survivors from the sea, and transported them to Singapore. On 26 January 1942, following reports that an unescorted group of Japanese troopships was sailing near Endau, Malaya, Vampire and were ordered to intercept. Reaching the Japanese convoy at 02:00 the next morning, the two destroyers found the troopships were protected by the cruiser and six destroyers. The allied destroyers attempted to escape: Vampire was successful, but Thanet was sunk.
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On July 17, Commissioner Pomerleau revoked the union's right to bargain, citing the terms of his 1973 order. He also announced and announced that union dues would no longer be 'checked off' automatically from workers' paychecks and that union leaders would not be allowed to visit police headquarters unescorted. The union of police supervisors (Local 1599), withdrew their membership in AFSCME. Local 1195, along with AFSCME, filed a lawsuit against Pomerleau and Mandel for union busting and illegal spying.
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Presidente Trujillo was travelling unescorted from Fort-de-France, Martinique to San Juan, Puerto Rico while carrying a general cargo of beer, machinery and forage when on 21 May 1942 at 18.29 pm, she was hit aft by a G7e torpedo from the German submarine U-156 in the Caribbean Sea off Fort-de-France, Martinique. The ship sank in four minutes and claimed the lives of 24 crewmen. The 15 survivors were rescued soon after.
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Union-Castle liners took part in many Freetown, Indian Ocean and Mediterranean convoys. sailed with Stratheden in six convoys between 1942 and 1944. On 24 August 1944 Stratheden carrying 4,418 troops and Strathmore carrying 3,526 left the Clyde in Convoy KMF 34, which took them as far as Port Said. They continued unescorted to Aden. On 15 September Stratheden carrying 4,325 troops and Strathmore carrying 3,994 left Aden in Convoy ABF 4, reaching Bombay on 20 September.
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The 301st Bombardment Group lost three before P-38s dispersed the attacks while Republic P-47 Thunderbolts from the 325th Fighter Group arrived too late to influence the battle. German pilots claimed 23 B-17s, and two P-38s for ten losses. The Fifteenth sent more unescorted bombers to Regensburg on 25 February, an hour before the Eighth was due to attack it. I./JG 27 and II./ZG 1 intercepted the bombers near Klagenfurt and reported successes. III.
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All 24 souls aboard abandoned ship in two lifeboats, but one, with fourteen occupants, was never seen again. The remaining ten survivors were picked up the next day by , transferred to , and landed at Lerwick in Scotland. In the early morning hours of 15 February, U-50 crossed paths with her second victim, the Danish steam merchantman Maryland, which was travelling unescorted. The first torpedo, fired at 01.54 hours, detonated prematurely (a common problem early in the war).
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On 28 or 29 June 1941 Ceramic left Liverpool with Convoy WS 9B, which reached Freetown on 13 July. She continued unescorted via South Africa as usual, reaching Sydney on 4 September, where she stayed until 1 October. She then visited Newcastle and Brisbane before leaving Sydney for home on 12 October. Instead of returning by her usual route Ceramic turned east across the Tasman Sea, called at Wellington, New Zealand 19–27 October and then crossed the Pacific.
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In Cristóbal, Colón she joined Convoy Convoy CW 2/1, which left on 3 July and reached Key West on 12 July, where most of its ships including Ceramic joined Convoy KN 119. This left Key West the same day and reached Hampton Roads, Virginia on 17 July. Ceramic continued unescorted, calling at New York 24–27 July and continuing to Halifax where she joined Convoy HX 201. This left on 2 August and reached Liverpool on 14 August.
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The Dutch herring fleet, c. 1700, escorted by a naval vessel The ships sailed in large fleets of 400 to 500 ships to the fishing grounds at the Dogger Bank and the Shetland isles. They were usually escorted by naval vessels, because the English looked askance at what they considered "poaching" in waters they claimed, and were prone to arrest unescorted Dutch fishing vessels. In wartime the risk of fishing vessels being taken by privateers was also large.
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At this time the Luftwaffe was heavily engaged in Poland and only a few small-scale skirmishes were fought with a thin German fighter screen left to guard western Germany against a French attack. On 20 September elements of the squadron were intercepted by Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters from Jagdgeschwader 26 (Fighter Wing 26) over the border. Four Fairey Battle aircraft were shot down. On 30 September 150 Squadron lost five Battles on unescorted missions into German airspace.
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Three weeks into her voyage, Jebsen saw a target he could not refuse. The MV Colin, formerly an Italian freighter taken over by American authorities and registered in Panama, was slowly steaming unescorted in the North Atlantic following engine failure. Three torpedoes sank her before U-859 went on her way southwards. The boat's voyage continued smoothly for the next two months, and she rounded the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean without further trouble.
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The U-boat successfully attacked the unescorted Greek merchant ship Efthalia Mari east of Madagascar on 5 August, after spotting her using a Fa 330 Bachstelze rotor kite. Hit by two torpedoes, the ship sank in eight minutes. U-177 was one of only a few U-boats equipped with the aerial observation platform, and the only one to have successfully used it. The submarine returned to Bordeaux, 1 October 1943, after 184 days at sea.
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From October 1941, a Maryland-equipped detachment of the squadron was deployed on long- range strategic reconnaissance duties, while the rest of the squadron continued as an OTU. In May 1942, the squadron returned to operational light bomber duties, equipped with the new Baltimore bomber, supporting the British Eighth Army over North Africa. It flew its first operation with the Baltimore on 23 May 1942, when four unescorted Baltimores were sent to bomb a German- held airfield.
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In June 1938 Peter Townsend was assigned to the Squadron. In August 1938 the Squadron was sent to Northern Ireland, No. 2 Armament Training Station for gunnery training before it returned to Tangmere to re-equip with the Hawker Hurricane. From August 1938 to September 1939 the squadron carried our exercises that were consistent with pre-war presumptions that the Luftwaffe would attack across the North Sea with unescorted bombers. The exercises were flown with the Armée de l'air.
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Received a Distinguished Unit Citation for a mission on 27 January 1945. Although weather conditions prevented the group from bombing its primary objective, the unescorted B-29’s withstood severe enemy attacks to strike an alternate target, the industrial area of Hamamatsu. Awarded a second DUC for attacking strategic centers in Japan during Jul and August 1945. Assisted the assault on Okinawa in April 1945 by bombing enemy airfields to cut down air attacks against the invasion force.
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Among the total complement were two spare Lascar crews recruited in India for service on British ships. She was carrying 7,422 tons of general cargo, including pig iron, timber, wool, cotton, manganese ore and 2,000 boxes of silver coins. The ship sailed north for , zigzagging during the day and keeping about off the African coast, before turning westwards across the South Atlantic towards Brazil and her next port of call. She was unescorted and capable of only .
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On 12 January 1942, I-72 departed Kwajalein with I-71 and I-73 for her second war patrol. This patrol also was in Hawaiian waters, where I-71, I-72, and I-73 relieved the submarines , , and on a picket line. I-72 arrived in her patrol area on 21 January 1942. On 23 January, I-72 encountered the 7,383-displacement ton United States Navy oiler , which was proceeding unescorted to a rendezvous with Task Force 11.
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After Germany declared war on the United States on 11 December 1941, German U-boats quickly became a deadly threat on the East Coast. The United States Navy was ill-prepared to defend against submarine warfare, and U-boats found it easy to pick off commercial shipping vessels, which traveled unescorted. The onslaught began with Operation Drumbeat when 35 Allied ships were sunk by U-boats off the American coast in January 1942.Hancock, p. 414.
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On the evening of 9 July U-43 sank the unescorted 3,944 ton British merchant ship Aylesbury about southeast of Ireland. Hit by two torpedoes, the ship sank in 15 minutes. All 35 crew survived. U-43s fourth and final success on her fourth patrol took place on the morning of 17 July when she sank the 3,509-ton British merchant ship Fellside, a straggler from convoy OA-184, about north-west of Bloody Foreland (Cnoc Fola), Donegal.
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The survivors were picked up by the Portuguese destroyer Lima. After the attack the U-boat was depth charged for several hours by convoy escorts, but managed to escape unharmed. At about 17:00 on 1 December 1941, U-43 and spotted the 7,542 ton unescorted and unarmed tanker Astral. Both U-boats gave chase, but after four hours U-575, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Günther Heydemann, observed the large American flag painted on her side and abandoned the pursuit.
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A second raid on October 14 with 291 bombers damaged ball bearing factories, halting production for six weeks, but resulted in the loss of 77 bombers, or approximately 26%, with damage to 121 more and 655 airmen killed or captured. Unescorted daylight bomber raids deep into Germany were suspended until February 1944. The Royal Air Force's Bomber Command lost a total of 8,325 aircraft on bombing missions during the war, during a total of 364,514 sorties.
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It dispersed at sea on 24 September, and Umona continued to Mauritius unescorted. Inbound ships could call at Freetown, Sierra Leone to join a convoy to Britain. Umona, returning with general cargo, was one of 16 merchant ships that formed Convoy SL 14 at Christmas 1939. The Convoy Commodore, Rear Admiral Sir Cecil Reyne KBE, travelled on Umona. SL 14 left Freetown on Boxing Day escorted only by two sloops, and , but safely reached Liverpool on 15 January.
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In February 1940 Umona joined Convoy FS 100, which left the Tyne Estuary on 19 February and arrived off Southend two days later. The next month she joined Convoy OA 105G off Southend, which left on 7 March, formed Convoy OG 21 at sea on the 11th and reached Gibraltar on the 17th. Umona continued to Cape Town, South Africa unescorted. Umona returned with general cargo and in May 1940 joined Convoy SL 33 at Freetown.
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She was travelling unescorted through the Atlantic Ocean, when she was sighted on 4 March at 0609 hours by the . The U-boat torpedoed the City of Pretoria, causing her to explode and sink northwest of the Azores. All aboard her, including her master, 108 crew, 24 DEMS gunners, five apprentices and seven passengers were lost with her. The passengers were "Distressed British Seamen" (DBS) being repatriated to the UK because their former ships had been sunk.
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The U-boat departed Messina on 14 December 1941 and sailed around Greece into the Aegean Sea. There at 21:34 on 19 December she torpedoed the unescorted 6,557 ton Soviet tanker Varlaam Avanesov, which sank two hours later 2.5 miles off Cape Babakale, Çanakkale Province, Turkey. The survivors abandoned ship in lifeboats, reached the Turkish coast and were later repatriated. The U-boat arrived at La Spezia on 1 January 1942, where she joined 29th U-boat Flotilla.
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Believing Fighter Command strength to be concentrated in the south, raiding forces from Denmark and Norway ran into unexpectedly strong resistance. Inadequately escorted by Bf 110s, bombers were shot down in large numbers. North East England was attacked by 65 Heinkel He 111s escorted by 34 Messerschmitt Bf 110s, and RAF Driffield was attacked at midday by 50 unescorted Junkers Ju 88s. Out of 115 bombers and 35 fighters sent, 16 bombers and 7 fighters were destroyed.
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VT-8's first and best-known combat mission came during the Battle of Midway on 4 June 1942. Flying obsolete Douglas TBD Devastators, all of Lieutenant Commander John C. Waldron's fifteen planes were shot down during their unescorted torpedo attack on Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft carriers. The squadron failed to damage any Japanese carriers or destroy enemy aircraft. Only one member of VT-8 who flew from Hornet on that day survived in the action, Ensign George Gay.
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She was travelling unescorted. On 28 April she and the were sighted sailing west of Valentia Island, Ireland by the under the command of Kapitänleutnant Helmuth Ringelmann. U-75 attacked City of Nagpur at 0608 hours, and the Brown Ranger at 1314 hours but missed on both occasions. At 0100 hours in the morning of 29 April the U-boat fired another torpedo at City of Nagpur, which hit her in the engine room on her starboard side.
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In 2013, Fennica and Nordica returned to Finland via the Northern Sea Route for the second time. In 2015, after the decision from Shell to stop drilling in Alaska, Fennica and Nordica returned to Europe via the Northwest Passage. This late-season eastbound unescorted transit was the first time the Finnish icebreakers have sailed through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and was claimed to save both time and money. The ships arrived to Nuuk, Greenland, on 31 October 2015.
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As a measure of some success, Highway 15, the main route running through Phước Tuy between Saigon and Vũng Tàu, was open to unescorted traffic. Regardless, the Viet Cong maintained the ability to conduct local operations. Meanwhile, the AATTV had been further expanded, and a Jungle Warfare Training Centre was established in Phước Tuy Province first at Nui Dat then relocated to Van Kiep.Lyles 2004, p. 8. In November 1970, the unit's strength peaked at 227 advisors.
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It was also tasked with "Weather Strike" missions which were single ship flights flown nightly to obtain weather information for target areas in Japan while making incendiary attacks on various targets.Stewart et al., p. 91 The squadron received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for a mission on 27 January 1945. Although weather conditions prevented the group from bombing its primary objective, the unescorted B-29’s withstood severe enemy attacks to strike an alternate target, the industrial area of Hamamatsu.
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"Leslie Howard." lesliehowardsociety.multiply.com. Retrieved: 22 July 2010. Ronald Howard's book explores the written German orders to the Ju 88 squadron in great detail, as well as British communiqués that purportedly verify intelligence reports indicating a deliberate attack on Howard. These accounts indicate that the Germans were aware of Churchill's real whereabouts at the time and were not so naive as to believe he would be travelling alone on board an unescorted, unarmed civilian aircraft, which Churchill also acknowledged as improbable.
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Midway was the last time the TBD Devastator was used in combat. The Japanese combat air patrol, flying Mitsubishi A6M2 Zeros, made short work of the unescorted, slow, under-armed TBDs. A few TBDs managed to get within a few ship-lengths range of their targets before dropping their torpedoes—close enough to be able to strafe the enemy ships and force the Japanese carriers to make sharp evasive maneuvers—but all of their torpedoes either missed or failed to explode.
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During 1944, the squadron moved to New Guinea and moved forward along the northern coast of the island as Allied forces advanced. In mid September 1944, the squadron flew unescorted photographic missions over Leyte, providing the maximum amount of vital information for planning Operation King Two, the initial amphibious landings in the Philippines. For these missions, the squadron was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation. In January 1945, the squadron moved to its first station in the Philippines, Lingayen Airfield on Luzon.
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However, once unescorted Ki-30s met Allied fighters, losses mounted rapidly and the type was soon withdrawn to second-line duties. By the end of 1942, most Ki-30s were relegated to a training role. Many aircraft were expended in kamikaze attacks towards the end of the war. From late 1940, the Ki-30 was in service with the Royal Thai Air Force, and saw combat in January 1941 against the French in French Indochina in the French-Thai War.
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Family of slain Ontario couple fearful after 'volatile' murderer granted unescorted absences from jail National Post, June 8, 2017 Edwards is married and has three children. Since the murders of his parents, Edwards has gone to great lengths to protect his family's privacy by not disclosing their names or location of residence to the media.FORMER SABRES GOALIE DON EDWARDS FIGHTS TO KEEP PARENTS' KILLER BEHIND BARS The Hockey News, November 29, 2015. Edwards is the nephew of former NHL hockey player, Roy Edwards.
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On 3 July 1944, she topped off at Midway Island. On 5 July, a cracked cylinder liner forced her back to Midway for repairs, and, on 6 July, she headed out again. On 11 July, another cylinder liner cracked, but she continued on toward her assigned area, San Bernardino Strait in the Philippines, which she entered on 18 July. On 4 August, the submarine shifted north in hope of better hunting, and, on 6 August, she sighted an unescorted freighter.
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The late arrival of needed spares from Dutch Harbor delayed her readiness for sea, but on 8 September, S-28 departed the western Aleutians to return to the northern Kuril Islands. On 13 September, she entered her patrol area. On 15 September, severe smoking and sparking from her port main motor necessitated 14 hours of repair work. On 16 September, she transited Mushiru Kaikyo; and, on the afternoon of 19 September, she closed an unescorted freighter off the island of Araito.
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The now unescorted Scharnhorst encountered Burnett's Force 1 shortly after 09:00. Belfast was the first ship to obtain radar contact on Scharnhorst, and the British cruisers rapidly closed the range. At a distance of nearly , the British cruisers opened fire and Scharnhorst responded with her own salvoes. While no hits were scored on the cruisers, the German battleship was struck twice, with one shell destroying the forward Seetakt radar controls and leaving Scharnhorst virtually blind in a mounting snowstorm.
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Pierce Butler had set out from New York City for Suez, Egypt, with of general cargo. At 11:40, on the morning of 20 November 1942, while steaming unescorted in a nonevasive course at , Pierce Butler was struck by two torpedoes fired from the , at . Both torpedoes struck Pierce Butler on the starboard side, one struck hold #5, while the other struck forward of the engine room. The crew sent out a distress signal, which was answered, and returned fire at U-177.
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Valley View Mall began a Youth Escort Policy in July 2007. All persons under 18 visiting the mall after 6:00 PM on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, must either be accompanied by an adult or leave the premises. Unescorted teens may shop in the anchor stores but may not enter the mall area. Management implemented the policy in response to mall patrons who complained of unsupervised teenagers roaming around the mall and loitering in surrounding parking lots during weekend nights.
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This is not true; it was a flag taken from the ship's stock, according to Missouris commanding officer, Captain Stuart "Sunshine" Murray, and it was "...just a plain ordinary GI-issue flag". By 09:30 the Japanese emissaries had departed. In the afternoon of 5 September, Admiral Halsey transferred his flag to the battleship , and early the next day Missouri departed Tokyo Bay. As part of the ongoing Operation Magic Carpet she received homeward bound passengers at Guam, then sailed unescorted for Hawaii.
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With her was her sister Duchess of York, equally packed with 4,004 troops. The pair left the Clyde on 17 July 1942 with Convoy WS 21P, which took the two sisters as far as Freetown. They continued independently via Cape Town and Aden to Suez, where Duchess of Atholl arrived on 2 September and Duchess of York arrived the next day. Three days later Duchess of Atholl began her return voyage to the UK, sailing unescorted and calling at Durban and Cape Town.
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In the years leading up to World War II, the United States Army Air Corps had developed a doctrine of strategic air bombardment, which was promulgated by the Air Corps Tactical School. The experience of strategic bombing during World War II revealed major flaws in the Air Corps' precision bombing doctrine. Unescorted bombers were found to be highly vulnerable to fighters, and took unacceptably high losses. Improvements in anti-aircraft guns drove the bombers to higher altitudes, from which accurate bombing was difficult.
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In May 1941 Kingston Hill sailed from Cardiff and Glasgow laden with coal and general cargo for Alexandria in Egypt. To avoid the enemy-controlled waters of the Mediterranean she was heading via Cape Town, South Africa, but was unescorted. She was southwest of the Cape Verde Islands heading into the South Atlantic when the hit her with two torpedoes at 0108 hrs on 8 June 1941. She sank at 0125 hrs with the loss of her Master and 13 crew.
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Captain William Clifton left Falmouth on 2 January 1795. On 2 June Swallow arrived at St Helena from the Cape of Good Hope with the news than a convoy of Dutch East Indiamen had left the Cape, sailing for the Netherlands. The eight unescorted Dutch East Indiaman that had sailed on 22 May had the misfortune to encounter , the East Indiaman General Goddard, and Swallow near Saint Helena. On 3 June, Sceptre, General Goddard, Manship (also an EIC ship), and Swallow set out.
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After the war, Putnam continued his career in the Marine Corps and was promoted to colonel retroactive to November 15, 1942. In 1947 he was awarded the Navy Cross for heroism on December 21, 1941, when he took off in a plane on an unescorted flight in an attempt to find the Japanese aircraft carrier whose planes were attacking Wake Island. Putnam retired in 1956; he was promoted to brigadier general on the retired list in recognition of his wartime service.
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Lundstrom 2005, pp. 47–51 Task Force 11 sailed from Pearl Harbor three days later to conduct patrols northeast of Christmas Island. On 21 January, Admiral Chester Nimitz, the new commander of the Pacific Fleet, ordered Brown to conduct a diversionary raid on Wake Island on 27 January after refueling from the only available tanker, the elderly and slow oiler en route to Brown. The unescorted tanker was torpedoed and sunk by I-71 23 January, forcing the cancellation of the raid.
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The U-boat fired another torpedo 20 minutes later, hitting the unknown ship and sinking her in 63 seconds. The vessel is believed to be the 1,902 ton Norwegian merchant ship Skrim, which had lost contact with Convoy OB 252 two days before in heavy weather and was never seen again. Finally, on 13 December, U-43 fired two torpedoes at the unescorted 10,350 ton British merchant ship Orari about southwest of Ireland. One torpedo hit the ship in the stern.
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U-201 struck again at 01:46 on 15 July, sinking the unescorted 6,990 ton British tanker British Yeoman with a single torpedo after chasing her for about 14 hours. The tanker, loaded with 9,700 tons of Admiralty fuel oil, immediately caught fire. The next morning the U-boat returned to the scene of the attack and found the stern of the ship still floating, and sank it with 61 rounds from her deck gun. Only 10 of the crew of 53 survived.
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Alabama pursued and overhauled two English ships before coming upon Amanda, out of Boston, laden with sugar and hemp. Semmes and crew set Amanda alight by 10:00 pm. Getting underway for the Strait of Sunda, Alabama sailed past Keyser Island, Beezee island and Sowbooks Island, and then passed through the strait, on to Thwart-the-Way Island and Stroom Rock, not finding USS Wyoming. However, on November 8, amidst a rain squall, Alabama sighted sail and chased down the unescorted Winged Racer.
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Allen, p. 141. Statuettes and scrolls were shared out between officers. Younghusband's Mission Staff and Escort were billeted in the country mansion and farmyard of a Tibetan noble family named Changlo, and 'Changlo Manor' became the Mission Headquarters where Younghusband could hold his durbars and meet representatives of the Dalai Lama. In the words of historian Charles Allen, they now entered 'a halcyon period', even planting a vegetable garden at the Manor while officers explored the town unescorted, or went fishing and shooting.
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Humboldt headed north on 1 July 1943, arriving at Boston, Massachusetts, on 17 July 1943 to take up new duties in the North Atlantic Ocean. Departing on 23 August 1943, she carried supplies and parts to U.S. Navy fleet air wings in Newfoundland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom. She continued this dangerous duty, often sailing unescorted, into the early months of 1944, occasionally sailing to Casablanca in French Morocco as well. USS Humboldt (AVP-21) off Norfolk, Virginia, on 17 November 1944.
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The weather was extremely poor, with the torpedo-boats struggling in the heavy seas, and after V25 collided with sister ship causing minor damage, the destroyers turned back, leaving the two cruisers to carry on unescorted. The minefield claimed a British trawler, Windsor, on 22 January. On 12 February, five torpedo boats of the 9th Flotilla were deployed to screen minesweeping operations near the Amrum Bank in the North Sea. When V25 did not return from this operation, a search found wreckage north of Helgoland.
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Osborne was appointed Warden of Sing Sing prison in Ossining, New York, on December 1, 1914, replacing Judge George S. Weed. After addressing the prisoners in chapel, he undertook a week's stay inside the prison, again experiencing the prison from the prisoners' point of view. He next stunned the guards and prisoners by visiting the prison yard unarmed and unescorted. He established a system of internal self-rule called the "Mutual Welfare League" within the prison and quickly won enthusiastic support from both guards and prisoners.
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On 6 February 1942 she left Methil with a general cargo, sailing with Convoy EN 43 which reached Oban on 8 February. Macwhirter left Oban with a cargo of stores on 11 February, sailing with convoy OS 19 which reached Freetown on 3 March. She continued unescorted to Durban, and then sailed in the Indian Ocean to Karachi, Bombay, Durban, Lourenço Marques and Cape Town, where she arrived on 17 July. On 20 July she sailed independently to Bathurst, Gambia, where she arrived on 14 August.
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During its stay at Scott Field, the men received indoctrination training for soldiering and received initial training as aircraft mechanics. The squadron left Scott Field on 2 February 1918, proceeding to Garden City, Long Island, New York where it was assigned to the Aviation Concentration Camp awaiting transport for overseas duty. The overseas movement to Europe was made from New York Harbor, Pier 54, with the squadron being assigned to the RMS Olympic. The ship embarked on 25 February unescorted, its speed protecting it from submarine attacks.
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ZG 1, ZG 26 and ZG 76 joined the RLV in the autumn, 1943. The resurrection of the Zerstörergeschwader was ordered because the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe still believed the destructive power of the Bf 110 and Me 410 would prove decisive against unescorted American heavy bombers. II./ZG 1 was placed in Austria, the prime operating area of the US Fifteenth Air Force. III./ZG 1 was renamed II./ZG 26, but then immediately refounded in France and joined I./ZG 1 flying martimime operations. III.
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Fiscus was sailing in convoys by May 1940, when she sailed in Convoy OB 152 from Port of Liverpool as far as Canada and then continued unescorted to Charleston, South Carolina. In July 1940 she brought a cargo of scrap iron across the North Atlantic to the UK via Bermuda, where she joined Convoy BHX 55 and Halifax, Nova Scotia, where BHX 55 joined Convoy HX 55. In September Fiscus again crossed to North America, this time in Convoy OB 208 from Liverpool to Canada.
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In 1942 Tower Grange under Captain William Henry Williamson had sailed from Calcutta bound for Trinidad and the UK with a mixed cargo of 8,332 tons including 1,800 tons of manganese ore. She called at Cape Town on 27 October. At 0834 hrs on 17 November the sighted her sailing unescorted in the western Atlantic, but Tower Grange steered a zigzag course that prevented attack. At 0639 hrs the next morning U-154 fired a spread of three torpedoes but Tower Grange evaded them.
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Nicholas Cuneo was travelling from New Orleans, United States to Havana, Cuba on 9 July 1942. At 16:01, the surfaced to investigate the ship according to the prize rules after spotting a blue-white-blue flag. The U-boat tried to stop the unescorted and unarmed Nicholas Cuneo by firing three rounds from her 20mm AA deck gun over the ship. The vessel however turned away at full speed and sent distress signals whereupon the next rounds were fired directly at the hull of Nicholas Cuneo.
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John Carter Rose had dispersed from Convoy TRIN-15 on 4 October 1942, during her maiden voyage. She carried of gasoline, in 26,000 drums, along with food, piping, tires, and trucks. On 6 October, about east of Trinidad, she was spotted, unescorted, by , at 16:04. A few hours later she was also spotted by , which along with U-201, began to chase John Carter Rose east. U-201 fired at John Carter Rose at 00:06 on 7 October, from her stern torpedo tube.
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The squadron was then assigned to anti-shipping duties, but during one raid over France in August 1941, one aircraft dropped a box over St Omer airfield containing an artificial leg. It was a spare for Wing Commander Douglas Bader. The squadron then moved to North Africa with the Blenheim V and took up day bombing duties. During an unescorted raid on Chouigui airfield in December 1942 led by Wing Commander Hugh Malcolm, his aircraft was shot down and he was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.
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The majority of the gruppen were disbanded in late 1941 after serving in the early stages of the Defence of the Reich by defending the German-occupied Low Countries. In 1943 ZG 76 was reformed. The Oberkommando der Luftwaffe felt the heavy fighters could be successful against the unescorted United States Army Air Force bombers. The introduction of long-range US fighter escorts in 1944 resulted in heavy casualties and operations were scaled down until the final disbandment of ZG 76 in September 1944.
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At about 20:45 on 16 September 1918, the German submarine U-46 came across the unescorted convoy and fired two torpedoes into Buena Ventura. The first struck amidships, directly beneath the flying bridge about below the waterline and tore a hole that measured long by wide. The blast from the explosion coursed upward, splintering the lifeboat suspended in its davits just above and knocking the wireless out of commission. The second torpedo hit in the after end of the empty hold number four.
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The U-boat left Lorient on 18 May 1942 and sailed across the Atlantic to the Caribbean Sea. There, on 11 June, she torpedoed and sank the unescorted 6,401-ton American tanker Hagan about five miles off the north coast of Cuba. The ship, loaded with 22,676 barrels of blackstrap molasses, was hit in the engine room, destroying the engines and causing at least one boiler to explode. About a minute later a second torpedo struck, and the tanker began to sink by the stern.
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StG 2 was also lost to Hurricanes. II./StG 2 lost another in combat with Hurricanes.Bingham 1990, p. 225.Franks 2008, p. 47. In the same combat Carey also accounted for a Dornier Do 17. Later in the day Carey claimed a He 111 destroyed and another shared destroyed from another unescorted formation. After the encounter his flight attacked five Henschel Hs 123 biplanes and Carey claimed one shot down.Franks 2008, pp. 48–49. On 14 May 1940 Carey flew his last patrol in the campaign.
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Gruppen were so low that they were ordered to parallel the bomber stream and attack only unescorted bombers on that day. I. Gruppe, the strongest in JG 26, did succeed in downing four B-26 Marauder medium bombers which accompanied every mission. The American operations were successful, if overstated in the damage done to German production, but air superiority in daylight had passed irrevocably to the Allies. This month had seen the introduction into the air war of the North American P-51 Mustang.
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Gillison, pp. 269–271 Wirraway similar to those in No. 24 Squadron No. 24 Squadron's strength at the beginning of 1942 was four Hudsons, six Wirraways, and 130 staff. On New Year's Day, Lerew led the Hudsons on a raid against Kapingamarangi Island, igniting a fuel dump that was still burning when the squadron returned to follow up the attack two days later.Gillison, pp. 313–314 During 4–7 January, Vunakanau airfield suffered four raids by unescorted Japanese bombers, destroying all but one of the Hudsons.
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U-855 transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service and left Kiel for operations in the North Atlantic on 22 June 1944, but experienced engine problems which forced her to return to Kiel. The U-boat left Kiel again on 1 July and served as a weather boat in the North Atlantic until September 1944. An attack on an unescorted freighter on 6 September 1944 was not successful. The next day U-855 met with and supplied her with provisions for twelve days.
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They were attacked once by an Allied aircraft on New Years Day; again very little damage was caused. At 18:00 on 22 January 1943, U-175 spotted an unescorted American Liberty Ship, the Benjamin Smith. The first two torpedoes fired at the ship missed, Bruns decided that it was too dangerous to remain on the surface and decided to submerge in case Allied aircraft were about. After an hour, the boat surfaced and reacquired the target, then some away and pursued it for eight hours.
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Benlomonds final voyage took her from Port Said to New York, via Cape Town and Paramaribo, under the command of her master, John Maul. On 23 November 1942 she was sailing unescorted and in ballast to Paramaribo when she was spotted by the German submarine U-172, under the command of Carl Emmermann. At 14.10 hours U-172 fired two torpedoes which hit Benlomond, sinking her within two minutes about 750 miles east of the River Amazon. After questioning the survivors, U-172 left the area.
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Daley was born and raised in the Bridgeport neighborhood on Chicago's South Side. He is the second youngest child of former six-term Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley and Eleanor "Sis" Daley. Daley is an alumnus of St. Ignatius College Preparatory School and Loyola University. He was about eight years old when his father was first elected mayor and grew up at 3536 South Lowe with Chicago Police Department patrol cars famously stationed out front at all times, however the Daley children walked to school unescorted.
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Pasteur in wartime on Convoy WS19 Due to her speed, Pasteur normally made her crossings alone and unescorted rather than as part of a convoy. She made one voyage from Glasgow to Halifax with a mixed complement of troops, including officers arranging the transport of 20,000 British troops across Canada and the Pacific to Singapore in October, 1941. She also carried almost 2,000 German prisoners to prisoner of war camps in North America. In addition, she transported prisoners from Suez, Egypt to South Africa.
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Rodríguez was arrested in 1980, convicted of seditious conspiracy and related charges, and sentenced to 55 years in prison. Her sister is Ida Luz Rodriguez. Although Rodriguez was one of the longest-held prisoners in the prison, with an immaculate record which included the accumulation of a bachelor's degree with honors, after 13 years she was still not permitted to walk unescorted across the grounds.ProLIBERTAD. ProLIBERTAD Campaign for the Freedom of Puerto Rican Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War: Arm the Spirit 30 October 1995.
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Despite the use of combat boxes and the assembly ships to form them, formations of unescorted bombers were no match for German fighters, which inflicted a deadly toll. In despair, the Eighth halted air operations over Germany until a long-range fighter could be found in 1944; it proved to be the P-51 Mustang, which had the range to fly to Berlin and back. USAAF leaders firmly held to the claim of "precision bombing" of military targets for much of the war, and dismissed claims they were simply bombing cities.
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The neutral Kaunas was travelling unescorted from Ghent, Belgium to Hartlepool, United Kingdom in ballast when on 17 November 1939 at 20.15 pm, she was hit amidships by a G7e torpedo from the German submarine German submarine U-57 in the North Sea west north west of the Noord Hinder Lightship without warning as the U-boat crew couldn't find any visible nationality markings. She sank stern first in seven minutes with the loss of one crew member. The 15 survivors escaped the ship in two lifeboats and were rescued later that day.
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On 21 September 1944, in a night surface attack, the submarine torpedoed and sank an unescorted Japanese freighter, Rizan Maru, which had dropped behind her convoy. On the night of 25 September, Searaven engaged two trawlers, four large sampans, and four 50-ton sampans. Searaven passed down the column of eight sampans and two trawlers, abeam, engaging from one to three at a time at practically point blank range. Those that did not sink on the first pass were given another dose of the same treatment until all were destroyed.
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In the early years, the Luftwaffe was able to inflict a string of defeats on Allied strategic air forces. In 1939, Bomber Command was forced to operate at night, due to the extent of losses of unescorted heavy bombers flying in daylight. In 1943, the USAAF suffered several reverses in daylight and called off the offensive over Germany in October. The British built up their bomber force and introduced navigational aids and tactics such as the bomber stream that enabled them to mount larger and larger attacks with an acceptable loss rate.
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On 14 March 1942 San Demetrio sailed unescorted from Baltimore, Maryland bound for the UK via Halifax, Nova Scotia with a cargo of 4,000 tons of alcohol and 7,000 tons of aviation spirit. On 17 March she was northwest of Cape Charles, Virginia when the torpedoed and sank her. 16 crew and three DEMS gunners were lost, and six crew wounded, but survivors managed to launch two lifeboats. Two days later the US tanker SS Beta rescued the Master, 26 crew and five DEMS gunners and took them to Norfolk, Virginia.
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Galland said after the war, that had it not been for the Allied landing in Normandy which increased the need for lighter fighter variants, each Geschwader in the Luftwaffe would have contained a Gruppe of Sturmbock aircraft by September 1944. Galland himself flew on unauthorised interception flights to experience the combat pressures of the pilots, and witnessed USAAF bombers being escorted by large numbers of P-51 Mustangs. Nevertheless, on occasions the Sturmbock tactics worked. For example, on 7 July 1944 Eighth Air Force bombers belonging to the 492nd Bomb Group were intercepted unescorted.
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The few aircraft on the Japanese flight decks at the time of the attack were either defensive fighters or, in the case of Sōryū, fighters being spotted to augment the combat air patrol., derived from Senshi Sōshō, pp. 372–378. Spotting his flight decks and launching aircraft would have required at least 30 minutes. Furthermore, by spotting and launching immediately, Nagumo would be committing some of his reserve to battle without proper anti-ship armament, and likely without fighter escort; indeed, he had just witnessed how easily the unescorted American bombers had been shot down.
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Nieuw Amsterdam, with a nominal troop capacity of 6,800 and speed of over 20 knots, was among the British-controlled "monsters" – high-capacity, high-speed troop ships capable of sailing unescorted due to their speed, and thus critical to the build up in Britain for the invasion of the Continent. During the course of the conflict she transported over 350,000 troops and steamed around before being returned to the Holland America Line in 1946. Directly after the war, she spent time repatriating Dutch citizens from the then-Dutch East Indies.
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She sailed with Convoy BA 66A as far as Aden, continued unescorted through the Red Sea and Suez Canal. In Port Said she joined Convoy MKF 30, whose largest troop ship was Capetown Castle and which also included the "Strath" liner Strathnaver. By the time MKF 30 left Port Said on 8 April, Stratheden was carrying 3,528 troops and Strathnaver was carrying 5,752. MKF 30's escorts were led by the light cruiser and included HMCS Prince Robert, at least five Royal Navy destroyers, two Greek destroyers and four frigates.
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Stratheden spent most of the next two years moving troops between Britain, India, Ceylon and Egypt: sometimes in convoys but other times unescorted. In 1941 her movements varied to include calls in Trinidad in the Lesser Antilles and Halifax in Nova Scotia. In spring 1941 Stratheden carried 3,264 troops in Convoy WS 7, which included 10 troop ships carrying a total of at least 24,615 troops. WS 7 left the Clyde on 24 March, reached Freetown on 4 April and then split into sections to continue to Cape Town and Suez.
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The Air Ministry directed the RAF that the purpose of Circuses would be destruction of the ground targets with German fighters as secondary priority. It soon became clear that unescorted daylight bombing was too risky and heavy bombers should be used on night operations only. Over six weeks RAF Fighter Command flew 8,000 sorties in support of 376 bomber sorties and a further 800 sorties on sweeps. Fighter Command was losing pilots and aircraft on operations over Europe but losses were lighter than during the Battle of Britain and aircraft losses were replaceable.
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The raid helped allay British doubts about the capabilities of American heavy bombers in operations over Europe. Two additional groups arrived in Britain at the same time, bringing with them the first B-17Fs, which served as the primary AAF heavy bomber fighting the Germans until September 1943. As the raids of the American bombing campaign grew in numbers and frequency, German interception efforts grew in strength (such as during the attempted bombing of Kiel on 13 June 1943), such that unescorted bombing missions came to be discouraged.
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"Leslie Howard." lesliehowardsociety.multiply.com. Retrieved: 22 July 2010. Ronald Howard's book, in particular, explores in great detail written German orders to the Ju 88 Staffel based in France, assigned to intercept the aircraft, as well as communiqués on the British side that verify intelligence reports of the time indicating a deliberate attack on Howard. These accounts also indicate that the Germans were aware of Churchill's whereabouts at the time and were not so naïve as to believe he would be travelling alone on board an unescorted and unarmed civilian aircraft, which Churchill also acknowledged as improbable.
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A Buckingham B1 in 1945 By the time the design entered production, requirements had changed, with attacks against German industry being covered by the US by day and by RAF Bomber Command de Havilland Mosquitos by night. The Buckingham was not considered suitable for unescorted daytime use over Europe and in January 1944, it was decided that all Buckinghams would be sent overseas to replace Vickers Wellingtons.Buttler Air International March 1997, p. 185. Once the Buckingham's handling problems were revealed, it was realised that the type was of little use.
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The target is so heavily defended, however, that the only way there might be a chance of succeeding is to fly in very low with a single unescorted bomber to attack the bridge; the mission appears likely to be a one-way suicide mission. Jim volunteers to fly the bomber, but Woody invites himself along at the last second, much to Jim's irritation. They proceed to attack the bridge too late to keep a crucial enemy supply train from crossing. Their aircraft is hit by flak and catches fire.
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On 22 February 2006, then Federal Health Minister Tony Abbott was hit in the face by a patient while visiting the hospital. The same patient was later charged with the much-publicised murder of Masa Vukotic in 2015. In November 2009, a patient fatally stabbed two fellow patients, and in December 2012, a patient was found dead within the hospital. In March 2013, a patient found not guilty due to mental impairment for attempted murder was allowed to leave the hospital on unescorted leave and did not return on the day.
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Pennsylvania Sun was traveling from Port Arthur, Texas to Belfast, with 107.500 barrels of Navy fuel oil on 15 July 1942. At 7:49am, the U-571 fired one torpedo at the unescorted Pennsylvania Sun while the ship was steaming on a zigzag course at 14 knots West of Key West, Florida in the Gulf of Mexico (). The torpedo struck amidships on the port side between the tanks number 5 and 6. The torpedo also blew away the port wing of the bridge, killing quartermaster James B. Mortimer and able seaman John C. Riley.
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On 25 January 1942 U-504 sailed from Lorient, and headed across the Atlantic to the Florida coast. There, at 04:55 on 22 February, she attacked the unescorted and unarmed American 5,287 ton tanker Republic about north-east of Jupiter Inlet Light, Florida. Struck by two torpedoes, the ship settled by the stern, and the crew abandoned ship and rowed to shore. The badly damaged ship eventually drifted onto reefs about five miles (8 km) due east of Hobe Sound, Florida and finally sank on the afternoon of 23 February.
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Ray's second patrol, 11 December 1943 to 12 January 1944 was in the Celebes-Ambon-Timor area. Near midnight on 26 December she sighted an unescorted tanker standing out from Tioro Strait. When the enemy ship reached open water, Ray fired a spread of torpedoes which stopped Kyoko Maru dead in the water and sent a huge mushroom of flame into the night sky as the target disintegrated. On 1 January 1944, SS-271 intercepted two ships with escorts in the mouth of Ambon Bay, Java, and sank converted gunboat Okuyo Maru with three hits.
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216 One of the French ships, the cruiser Gloire suffered engine troubles and turned back to Konakri, encountering Australia shortly after. The Australian cruiser was ordered to escort Gloire to Casablanca, which the French cruiser agreed to.Gill, Royal Australian Navy, 1939–1942, p. 217 The two ships remained together until the morning of 21 September, when Gloires captain promised his opposite on Australia that the French ship would complete the voyage unescorted, and the Australian cruiser sailed to intercept the main body of the Allied fleet, which was met the next day.
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Naquin guided the ship to Tulagi Harbor, which was reached near daybreak on December 1, 1942 for repairs and was awarded a Bronze Star for his role in saving the vessel. Naquin played two roles in the sinking of the . His first role as Port Director at Guam was to not inform Capt. Charles Butler McVay III of enemy submarine activity along the route from Guam to Leyte and to refuse a request for escort, making this the first time a cruiser had traveled the Philippine Sea unescorted.
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During the passage, the convoy gathered ships from the various British colonies in the Indian Ocean and by the time it passed the southern tip of Africa it often contained dozens of vessels.James, Vol. 4, p. 248 By combining the heavy armaments of the East Indiamen with a strong Royal Navy escort, the China Fleet became a formidable target for French raiding squadrons: at the Battle of Pulo Aura in February 1804, an unescorted China Fleet drove off a powerful French squadron under Contre-Admiral Charles- Alexandre Durand Linois after a sharp encounter.
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Following shakedown in the Chesapeake Bay, Oconee, manned by a U.S. Coast Guard crew, sailed to Bermuda and Aruba before transiting the Panama Canal 15 March 1945. Stopping briefly at San Diego, California, the gasoline tanker proceeded to Pearl Harbor, arriving there 4 May. After a short upkeep period she sailed unescorted to Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, thence on to Ulithi. From mid-June to the end of July she serviced all sizes of ships and craft in the huge anchorage then steamed to Okinawa with her vital cargo.
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U-177 left Bordeaux, 1 April 1943, for her second patrol around the Cape of Good Hope, where she sank six ships totaling . She attacked Convoy CD-20, 27 May, with a salvo of four torpedoes, hitting the United States merchant ship Agwimonte and the Norwegian tanker Storaas. Both ships were abandoned by their crews and were sunk with further torpedoes from U-177. On 6 July the unescorted Canadian merchant ship was hit by two torpedoes from U-177, south southwest of Cap Sainte Marie, the extreme southern point of Madagascar.
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En route to the target, the > failure of one engine forced him to relinquish his place at the head of the > formation. In order not to endanger friendly troops on the ground below, he > refused to jettison his bombs to gain speed and maneuverability. His > lagging, unescorted aircraft became the target of numerous enemy fighters > which ripped the left wing with cannon shells, set the oxygen system afire, > and wounded two members of the crew. Repeated attacks started fires in two > engines, leaving the Flying Fortress in imminent danger of exploding.
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Thereafter she made five unescorted crossings to Canada and back, usually to Montreal and sometimes including Quebec. On 17 November 1940 Duchess of Atholl left Liverpool for Egypt with Convoy WS 4B, which went via Freetown in Sierra Leone and Cape Town in South Africa to Suez. The convoy spent Christmas in the Indian Ocean and reached Suez on 28 December 1940. Duchess of Atholl embarked evacuees and left Suez on 12 January 1941 with Convoy SW 4B, which gave her escorted passage as far as Durban in South Africa.
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Idris Aminah initially encounters Idris in a marketplace, where she uses him in a charade to divert the palace guards. Idris offers her his help, but she refuses until she meets him again in a horse market. Initially, she keeps him around in order to escape notice as an unescorted woman, but his eye for every marketable goods proves valuable. He develops feelings for Aminah, but is rebuffed and begins to keep his distance from the house, as well as staying behind when the rest move to Tyre.
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This later turned out to be the 2nd Officer going for his > trousers... According to the best traditions and customs I was the last man > to leave the ship... Shortly after the two boats got clear of the Lafian she > turned over and slowly sank. All of the crew members, including the master, 37 crew members, 5 DEMS gunners and 4 passengers were picked up by HMS Gorleston and landed at Ponta Deldaga in the Azores. There was no loss of life. The unescorted Nigerian was sunk at 00:05 hours on 9 December 1942.
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Robert Duane Knapp, Jr. (December 26, 1897 - April 25, 1994) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force and an aviation pioneer. He held United States pilot license #185 and led the first Allied aerial attack on Rome in World War II. Knapp received a Silver Star for leading an unescorted bombing raid on a fighter-defended Axis convoy in 1944.United States Air Force Office of History, Robert Duane Knapp, Brigadier General, United States Air Force, retrieved March 8, 2008; "321 Bombs Italy First", 321 in the News, July 19, 1943, 5.
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A study in 2017, looked at the correlation between a number of predictors and the outcome of the MHRT decisions: The study commented that their "findings imply that decisions at MHRT are not biased in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, mental health diagnosis, or even index offence", rather its findings "suggest that by reducing levels of agitated behaviour, verbal aggression and physical violence on the ward, working towards being granted unescorted community leave, and specifically targeting items on the HCR-20 risk assessment" patients can increase their chance of discharge.
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When the UK entered the Second World War on 3 September 1939 Fanad Head was in Canada. She sailed from Montreal carrying general cargo and grain to the UK, and on 14 September she was steaming unescorted off the coast of Ireland when at 1323 hours she was sighted by the . The U-boat surfaced and gave chase, and Fanad Head radioed for assistance. Some west-northwest of Malin Head U-30 fired a shot across the cargo ship's bow from her 88 mm gun, which persuaded Fanad Heads Master, George Pinkerton, to stop.
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Her final voyage was to take her from Calcutta to the United Kingdom, calling at Colombo on 6 October 1942 and later at Cape Town on the way. She carried 7,750 tons of general cargo, including pig iron, cotton, jute and tea, under the command of her master, Walter Armour Owen. At 2312 hours on 23 October she was travelling unescorted off East London South Africa, when she was sighted by commanded by Fritz Poske. The U-boat torpedoed the City of Johannesburg, and succeeded in sinking her.
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En route, a large wave carried away part of her bridge and she put in at Charleston, S.C. for emergency repairs. She then steamed for Boston via Bermuda. Upon completion of repairs at Boston Navy Yard, she was directed to conduct Atlantic coast antisubmarine warfare (ASW) patrols, commencing 25 March 1943. At 09.03 hours on 3 April 1943, the unescorted Gulfstate (Master James Frank Harrell, lost) was hit by two torpedoes from U-155 about 50 miles southeast of Marathon Key, Florida, while steaming a nonevasive course at 10.5 knots.
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Putnam, along with Commander Winfield Scott Cunningham, USN and Major James Devereux, USMC, was one of the key leaders of the defense of Wake Island. On December 21, the island was attacked by Japanese aircraft and Putnam took off on an unescorted flight in search of the Japanese aircraft carrier from which the attacking planes were based. For this action, he was awarded the Navy Cross after the war. On December 23 Wake Island was captured by the Japanese and Putnam, along with the other surviving Wake Island defenders, was taken prisoner.
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In particular, while the nose and tail turrets protected against attacks from the front and rear, the Wellington had no defences against attacks from the beam and above, as it had not been believed that such attacks were possible owing to the high speed of aircraft involved.Richards 1953, p. 46. As a consequence of the losses taken, the tactic of unescorted day bombing was abandoned, and Bomber Command decided to use the Wellington force to attack German communications and industrial targets instead. Vickers Wellingtons of 9 Squadron, on a mission in WW2, flying in formation.
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U-214s fourth patrol took her to the Caribbean Sea where she attacked the 4,426 ton unescorted Polish merchant ship Paderewski with torpedoes off Trinidad, before sinking her with gunfire. The U-boat returned to her homeport on 24 February 1943 after a voyage of 87 days. U-214s fifth patrol was cut short when she was attacked on 7 May 1943 by a British Halifax bomber of 58 Squadron RAF in the Bay of Biscay, after only three days at sea. The U-boat crash-dived, suffering only minor damage, but her commander Kptlt.
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An attack on another unescorted freighter the next day failed to sink the ship. On 10 March 1944, U-845 made contact with convoy SC 154, but was picked up by an escort, , in the late afternoon and depth-charged. When the U-boat surfaced late at night, she was attacked by St. Laurent and three other escorts of 9th Excort Group, , and , with artillery, killing Weber and the bridge crew as well as the crew servicing the AA guns. The rest of the crew survived the attack and was picked up by the escorts.
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Memorial to Thomas Ulick Burke near Smythesdale Burke was buried in the Scarsdale General Cemetery. The plot is easily accessible today and is accompanied by a tourist information sign (see photo at top of page). The murder caused distress among local business people, some of whom who felt it was no longer safe to travel unescorted. An employee of the Union Bank in Smythesdale asked the Police Superintendent at Ballarat for a police escort to be provided when he was carrying money, but the request was refused due to lack of resources.
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In between the routine neutrality patrol assignments and training, Upshur was called upon to perform a special escort mission. On 23 December 1940, the heavy cruiser Tuscaloosa departed Norfolk with William D. Leahy, Ambassador to Vichy France, and his wife, embarked, bound for Lisbon, Portugal. Upshur and escorted the heavy cruiser, until they were detached on Christmas Day to return to Norfolk while the cruiser proceeded on, unescorted, on her diplomatic mission. In March 1941, the Support Force was established for the United States Fleet, under the command of Rear Admiral Arthur LeRoy Bristol.
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The doctrine was not universally held among air officers, however. Claire L. Chennault, chief of the pursuit section between 1931 and 1936, reasoned that the same technology that would increase the performance of the bomber would also eventually enable the single-engine fighter to challenge the bomber at high altitude, which it could not do in the years when the daylight bombing doctrine was formulated. Combined with a centralized early warning and control system (which came with the development of radar), defending interceptors would inflict serious losses on unescorted forces.Greer, Thomas H. (1985).
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At 00:36 on 6 July, after chasing her for five hours, U-201 hit the unescorted 14,443 ton British Blue Star Line passenger ship Avila Star with two G7e torpedoes 90 miles east of São Miguel, Azores. Another torpedo was fired at 00:54 and failed to explode, but another, four minutes later, delivered the coup de grâce. The ship capsized and sank an hour later. The master, 66 crew and 17 passengers were lost, and the remaining 112 (93 crewmen, 6 gunners and 13 passengers) were later rescued.
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On 18 September at 01:16, about south of Cape Farewell, Greenland, U-211 sighted the unescorted 11,237 ton American tanker Esso Williamsburg loaded with of Navy special fuel oil en route from Aruba to Reykjavík. The U-boat fired two torpedoes at the tanker, but missed, and then lost contact due to very poor visibility. U-211 eventually reacquired her target, and at 00:26 on 23 September, fired a torpedo which struck her amidships, causing a violent explosion which set the ship on fire. Ten minutes later, another torpedo was fired but missed.
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The Japanese Navy could no longer risk exposing its ships to the relentless air attacks, and by late January, Admiral Kusaka had banned all shipping except barges from Simpson Harbor, which removed any remaining naval threat to the Torokina beachhead.Morison 1958, pp. 396–403 By mid-February, when the Allies captured the Green Islands, the Japanese base was no longer able to project air power to interfere. From 8 March, while the Battle for the Perimeter was beginning on Bougainville, Air Solomons bombers began flying unescorted to Rabaul.
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Abbekerk, an unescorted 7,906-ton Dutch merchant ship en route from Port of Spain, Trinidad to Liverpool with 9,489 tons of sugar, general cargo and mail, was inspected by the Norwegian convoy escort about south-east of Convoy ONS-122 at 13:40 on 24 August 1942. Soon after she was spotted by U-604 which was searching for the convoy. The U-boat pursued the ship for more than 12 hours before firing a spread of three torpedoes at 03:48 on 25 August. One struck the ship, which stopped.
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She spent barely half a year in service, transporting goods for the Allies, from Port Said to the United States, via Suez and Durban. On her last sailing, in early 1943, she was carrying 1086 tons of bottles, medicine, propellers and personal effects. She was at Suez on 18 February, departing there for Durban. At just after 8 o'clock in the evening on 8 March James B. Stephens was travelling unescorted when she was spotted and torpedoed by U-160 commanded by Georg Lassen about northeast of Durban.
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Other German surface raiders now began to make their presence felt. On Christmas Day 1940, the cruiser attacked the troop convoy WS 5A, but was driven off by the escorting cruisers. Admiral Hipper had more success two months later, on 12 February 1941, when she found the unescorted convoy SLS 64 of 19 ships and sank seven of them. In January 1941, the formidable (and fast) battleships and , which outgunned any Allied ship that could catch them, put to sea from Germany to raid the shipping lanes in Operation Berlin.
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British forces occupied Iceland when Denmark fell to the Germans in 1940; the US was persuaded to provide forces to relieve British troops on the island. American warships began escorting Allied convoys in the western Atlantic as far as Iceland, and had several hostile encounters with U-boats. A Mid-Ocean Escort Force of British, and Canadian, and American destroyers and corvettes was organised following the declaration of war by the United States. In June 1941, the US realised the tropical Atlantic had become dangerous for unescorted American as well as British ships.
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It was not too long after its commitment to battle that the Eighth Air Force found that unescorted bombardment meant prohibitive losses. The need was for more training in fighter-bomber cooperation. Such exercises had been carried on to a limited degree before the war, but during the first year after the Pearl Harbor attack they were dropped because of the lack of time. Early in 1943 the Second and Fourth Air Forces began to provide joint fighter-bomber training as part of defense maneuvers on the Pacific coast.
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The next day, 7 May, U-333 was hunted by a convoy escort ship, and badly damaged by depth charges, forcing the U-boat to return to France. However, at 09:05 on 10 May, she attacked the unescorted 5,214-ton British Clan Line merchant ship Clan Skene about south-east of Cape Hatteras. The ship, carrying 2,006 tons of chrome ore from Beira in Portuguese East Africa to New York, was hit by two torpedoes and sank. Nine crewmen were killed, while 73 survivors were later picked up by the destroyer .
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It was the unescorted , a Canadian ocean liner pressed into troopship duties. Royal Edward was headed in the opposite direction from Soudan: from Alexandria to the Dardanelles with reinforcements for the British 29th Infantry and a small group with the Royal Army Medical Corps, all of whom were destined for Gallipoli.Wise and Baron, pp. 75–76. Von Heimburg launched one of his two torpedoes from about a mile (2 km) away and hit Royal Edward in the stern; the ship sank stern-first in six minutes, with a large loss of life.
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The returning pilots were congratulated by Air Vice-Marshal Paul Maltby, who promised them that further daylight attacks were unnecessary.Warren 2007, p. 189 A third raid, consisting of six unescorted Hudsons of No. 62 Squadron RAF, flying from Palembang, Sumatra, attacked shortly afterwards, losing two of their number, with their entire crews, to six Ki-27s. A fourth raid, made up of five Bristol Blenheims of No. 27 Squadron RAF, set off from Palembang later in the day, but had only got as far as Singapore by sunset, so aborted the mission.
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The unescorted convoy, consisting 20 merchant ships in total, had departed from Durban five days earlier and arrived at Aden on 28 November, but Fort Stikine had put into Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika, where she arrived on 17 November. She sailed on 20 November for Mombasa, Kenya, arriving the next day. She sailed a week later for Aden, from where she departed on 9 December for Suez and Port Said, arriving at the latter port on 19 December. Fort Stikine was a member of Convoy GUS 25, which departed from Port Said on 16 December.
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Vice Admiral Lütjens feared that the destroyers escorting Renown could be used to make torpedo attacks against his unescorted battleships. In the course of the action, Gneisenau fired sixty 28 cm and eight 15 cm rounds. During the high-speed escape, both Gneisenau and Scharnhorst were flooded by significant quantities of water over their bows, which caused problems in both of their forward gun turrets. Admiral Hipper rejoined the two battleships off Trondheim on the morning of 11 April, and the three ships returned to Wilhelmshaven, arriving the following day.
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Additionally, the soaring tower creating a wind current at 3rd and Cypress that would raise skirts on blustery days, attracting crowds of young male onlookers. In response to the growing indecency of the Wooten corner, the Abilene city council resurrected an antique city ordinance forbidding the ogling of unescorted ladies. Indeed, the Wooten was very much at the center of the Abilene social scene for much of the middle part of the twentieth century. By the 1970s, however, commerce had shifted south as Abilene burgeoning population spread ever outward.
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On 2 August 1943, I-39 set out from Truk on her first war patrol, with a patrol area in the New Hebrides. She was depth-charged briefly by a destroyer north of Espiritu Santo on 7 August 1943, and on 29 August 1943 two destroyers sighted and pursued her, but she suffered no damage in either encounter. On 2 September 1943, I-39 sighted a convoy of three transports escorted by four destroyers. She fired two torpedoes, both of which exploded close astern of the attack transport , which was carrying the New Zealand Army′s 3rd Division from Port Vila on Efate to Point Cruz on Guadalcanal. A destroyer attempted a counterattack, but failed to locate I-39. On 10 September, I-39 sighted an unescorted transport heading toward Espiritu Santo at 09:50, but could not get within torpedo range of her. On 11 September I-39 sighted another unescorted transport east of Espiritu Santo at 05:05 and two transports escorted by a destroyer at 18:10, but made no attacks. I-39 was east of Espiritu Santo on 12 September 1943 when she sighted the United States Navy fleet tug towing the 6,600-ton gasoline barge YOGN-42 from Pago Pago in American Samoa to Espiritu Santo.
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From 29 December to 23 July she made three round trips: by convoy from Britain to Gibraltar, unescorted from there to Lisbon and back, and then by convoy from Gibraltar home to Britain. From the first and third trips Aguila returned to her home port of Liverpool, but during her second trip Liverpool suffered the May Blitz, and on 3 May part of the port was devastated when the munitions ship burned and exploded in Huskisson Dock. Therefore, when Aguila returned a fortnight later in Convoy HG 61 it was diverted to the Firth of Clyde. The arrangement was only temporary.
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During the 1971 war, as Wing Commander, he was the Commanding Officer of the No. 106 Squadron IAF, an operational reconnaissance squadron operating Electric Canberras. He carried out a large number of missions over enemy territory in both the western sector as well as eastern sector and obtained vital information about enemy installations and troop formations. These missions required flying unarmed and unescorted deep into enemy territory for reconnoiter and aerial photography of heavily defended targets. The information brought obtained from these missions facilitated the planning of Army, Air Force and Naval operations and directly contributed to the success of the war effort.
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Originally built for Royal Navy as Varne, it was planned that the Royal Dutch Navy should man her and name her Haai. The Dutch crew (mainly 34 from the decommissioned submarines KIX, KX and KXII) needed to be brought to the UK from Sydney via Cape Town. Their ship from Cape Town was the merchant vessel , which was unescorted and was attacked and sunk in the Atlantic, 48.30N 28.50W, by the German U Boat Type VIIc on the night of 29 October 1942. Varne was transferred to the Royal Norwegian Navy as HNoMS Ula (P66) from 1943 to 1965.
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Like its predecessor, AWPD/42 laid out a strategic plan for the daylight bombing of Germany by unescorted heavy bombers, but also included a similar plan for attacks on Japan. Unfortunately the B-17 bomber command of the U.S. Eighth Air Force had only flown six relatively unopposed missions when AWPD/42 was drawn up, and the prior mistake in AWPD/1 of disregarding the need and feasibility of long-range fighter escorts was repeated. Both plans called for the destruction of the German Air Force (GAF) as a necessary requirement before campaigns against priority economic targets.
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Prior to the 20th's arrival in theater, the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt served as the primary US fighter aircraft in Europe. This aircraft was a formidable match for the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) fighters in air-to-air combat but lacked one important feature—range. Without sufficient range, the conduct of daytime bomber escort missions, first into Europe and then Germany itself, proved nearly impossible. That problem was perhaps best illustrated on 14 October 1943 when 60 of 293 unescorted bombers (20 percent), dispatched against the ball-bearing works in Schweinfurt failed to return from their mission.
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Point Pleasant sailed next to Lagos, Nigeria and collected a cargo of palm oil, peanuts and cocoa for Montreal where she arrived on 19 June 1944. Most of her crew re-enlisted for her second voyage, an indication of a happy ship, and she left Montreal on 3 July 1944 repeating a similar voyage in convoy as far as Brazil and then unescorted to Cape Town, East London and Durban before loading a cargo of manganese ore from Takoradi, Ghana which she delivered to Philadelphia. Point Pleasant arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick on 18 December 1944. There Captain Everall took another command.
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Her port inner turbine had been damaged by the shock wave from a near miss on 18 April, and the damage was more serious than initially thought. After quick repairs, Furious returned on 18 May carrying the Gladiators of a reformed 263 Squadron; they were flown off on 21 May once their base at Bardufoss was ready. She sailed to Scapa Flow once all the Gladiators had been flown off.Haarr, pp. 139–141, 261 On 14 June, carrying only half of 816 Squadron for her own protection, Furious sailed unescorted for Halifax, Nova Scotia carrying £18,000,000 in gold bullion.
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Mayhew Y. "Bo" Foster (October 9, 1911 - March 21, 2011) was an American soldier who flew captured Nazi war criminal Hermann Göring from Austria to Germany for interrogation by the 7th Army. For his actions in World War II, Foster was awarded both the Silver Star and the Légion d'Honneur. At the end of the war, Göring surrendered to the Allied Powers in the Bavarian Alps. On May 9, 1945, Foster transported Göring back to Germany on a 55-minute flight in an unescorted, unarmed L-5, a larger plane than the L-4 he normally piloted, because Göring weighed more than .
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Weal 2006, pp. 8–9 His successful co-ordination of a range of different units and aircraft was effective and forced a fundamental change in air strategy for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the first year of the war, as they abandoned unescorted bomber missions. He claimed his only other victory, a Bristol Blenheim, over the North Sea on 27 December 1939. He led his Geschwader in the Battle of the Netherlands, although his unit did not follow the armies in the invasion of France or the Battle of Britain, instead being kept back on the coast.
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They assisted in the breakthrough at Sedan, the critical and first major land battle of the war on French territory. The Stukawaffe flew 300 sorties against French positions, with StG 77 alone flying 201 individual missions. The Ju 87s benefited from heavy fighter protection from Messerschmitt Bf 109 units. When resistance was organised, the Ju 87s could be vulnerable. For example, on 12 May, near Sedan, six French Curtiss H-75s from Groupe de Chasse I/5 (Group Interception) attacked a formation of Ju 87s, claiming 11 out of 12 unescorted Ju 87s without loss (the Germans recorded six losses over Sedan entire).
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Putney Hill was sailing in ballast and unescorted in the Atlantic about 450 miles east of Puerto Rico when at 0544 hrs on 26 June 1942 the hit her with one torpedo in the port side, breaching her no. 3 hold and port ballast tank. The loss of hundreds of tons of water from the port ballast tank caused Putney Hill at first to roll to starboard, until the water from her starboard ballast tank flowed through to port, equalised her and balanced the ship again. As she shipped more water, Putney Hills bow settled lower in the sea.
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U-197 sailed from Kiel on 3 April 1943 on her first and only combat patrol, sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to the waters south of Madagascar. On 20 May, while in the South Atlantic, north-east of Ascension Island, she torpedoed the 4,763 ton Dutch tanker Benakat. After the crew of 44 men abandoned ship in three lifeboats a second torpedo broke the ship in two, and the bow section sank. The U-boat surfaced and sank the stern section with her deck gun. She torpedoed the unescorted 9,583 ton Swedish tanker Pegasus south-west of Madagascar on 24 July.
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During her seventh patrol (21 October – 28 December) in the South China and Sulu Seas, she sank the Torpedo Boat Sagi (600 tons) between 4-8 November; passenger-cargo ship Shunten Maru (5,600 tons); and Torpedo Boat Hiyodori (600 tons) between 10-17 November. On this same patrol Gunnel evacuated 11 naval aviators at Palawan 1 December to 2 December after the fliers had been protected by friendly guerrilla forces for some 2 months. She conducted her eighth patrol (13 June – 24 July 1945) in the Bungo Suido area. She attacked an unescorted Japanese submarine 9 July.
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The U-boat fired another torpedo which either missed or was a dud, so she surfaced to sink the vessel with gunfire, but as she did so her target sank. On 10 July 1943, U-177 struck the unescorted ton American Liberty ship SS Alice F. Palmer, with a single torpedo in the stern, blowing off the propeller and rudder, flooding the engine room, and breaking the back of the ship. The crew of 68 abandoned their vessel in four lifeboats, and after questioning them, U-177 shelled the ship, firing 14 incendiary and 85 high-explosive rounds. The burning ship slowly sank.
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U-625 left Kiel on 1 October 1942 and sailed to Skjomenfjord, before commencing her first war patrol on 4 November. She sailed north to the waters south and east of Spitsbergen, where she sank three ships. Her first victim was the 5,445-ton British merchant ship . On 5 November the unescorted vessel had been bombed and damaged by a German Ju 88 aircraft of II./KG 30 (based at Banak, North Cape) and had beached at South Cape, Spitsbergen. The following day, 6 November, at 15:58, U-625 torpedoed the stranded vessel and then wrecked her with gunfire.
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On 21 July 1942 U-176 sailed from Kiel, around the British Isles, and into the north Atlantic Ocean. She made her first kill on 4 August, sinking the unescorted 7,798 ton British merchantman Richmond Castle with two torpedoes. On 7 August she joined five other U-boats in reinforcing the eight boats of wolfpack Steinbrinck in a series of attacks on Convoy SC 94. On 8 August U-176 fired two salvoes of two torpedoes each at the convoy, sinking two British cargo ships, the 4,817 ton Trehata and the 3,956 ton Kelso, and the 7,914 ton Greek cargo ship Mount Kassion.
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337 Despite these disadvantages, the size of East Indiamen meant that from a distance they appeared quite similar to a small ship of the line, a deception usually augmented by paintwork and dummy cannon.Maffeo, p. 190 At the Bali Strait Incident of 28 January 1797 an unescorted convoy of East Indiamen had used this similarity to intimidate a powerful French frigate squadron into withdrawing without a fight.Parkinson, p.106 In February 1799 an attack by a combined French-Spanish squadron on the assembled convoy at Macau was driven off in the Macau Incident without combat by the small Royal Navy escort squadron.
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HX 72 was an east-bound convoy of 43 ships which sailed from Halifax on 9 September 1940 bound for Liverpool and carrying war materials. The convoy, made up of contingents from Halifax, Sydney and Bermuda was led by Commodore HH Rogers RNR in Tregarthen. Escorts at this stage of the campaign were generally meagre; convoys generally were unescorted, or had just an armed merchant cruiser (AMC) as protection against surface raiders until reaching the Western Approaches. HX 72's ocean escort was the AMC , though at sunset on 20 September Jervis Bay detached to meet a west-bound convoy.
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Coast and convoy defence had a place in Air Staff fighter defence policy but Dowding had to decide how best to employ Fighter Command to meet the German threat which he did so, apparently without consulting the navy. Before the war, Fighter Command had expected attacks by unescorted German bombers upon the eastern part of the country. The German occupation of France put the west of England in range of German aircraft. Dowding considered that airfields and factories would be attacked as well as convoys and ports, to draw RAF fighter forces into battle and inflict losses.
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After loading cargo at Philadelphia, she departed for New York City on 9 August 1918, then left New York in a convoy on 13 August 1918 bound for France. Steaming first to La Pallice and from there to Royan and Bordeaux, she proceeded to Le Verdon-sur- Mer to take on fuel for the return voyage to Philadelphia. Buena Ventura cleared Le Verdon-Sur-mer in ballast on 14 September 1918 as part of a 25-ship convoy bound for the United States. Seven escorts protected the convoy until that evening, after which the convoy continued across the Atlantic Ocean unescorted.
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This unescorted, non-stop journey of 1,100 miles set a world record and confirmed the abilities of its crew, despite their limited training. However, it also meant that no reserve crew could be trained, limiting its battle effectiveness due to the crew's fatigue. From Corfu the submarine sailed to the main Greek naval station at Piraeus, where it remained until 19 October, its crew completing their training and preparations. From Piraeus, Delfin joined the Fleet at its forward anchorage of Moudros Bay in Lemnos, but did not sail out until the end of November, instead being engaged in diving exercises.
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An early extraordinary demand came when an urgent British request came 13 July 1942 for tanks and artillery to counter Rommel after the fall of Tobruk, and a convoy of six fast freighters was loaded at NYPOE with armor and ammunition for Egypt via the Cape of Good Hope. Fifty-two tanks, eighteen self-propelled guns and other supplies were lost when was sunk and NYPOE located replacement armor and ammunition, loaded and dispatched within forty-eight hours to sail unescorted and ultimately arrive at Suez in time for the fully assembled cargo to help defend Cairo.
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She also called at the British Colony of Aden and then proceeded southwards unescorted, carrying over 750 Italian prisoners of war and civilian internees and 3,000 bags of mail bound for Durban, South Africa. Nova Scotia had passed through the Mozambique Channel and was off the coast of Natal Province, South Africa, when at 7:15 on the morning of 28 November the hit her with three torpedoes. Nova Scotia rolled to port, caught fire and sank by the bow within 10 minutes. The crew managed to launch only one lifeboat; other survivors depended on life rafts or pieces of wreckage.
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Her fourth patrol, which began on 11 October 1941, first saw action off Ireland when she torpedoed and sank the unescorted Vancouver Island, a Canadian merchant ship of 9,472 tons, on 15 October. Two days later on 17 October, U-558 was involved in a devastating attack on Convoy SC 48 in the North Atlantic. During the battle, U-558 sank three ships: the 9,552-ton British merchant steamer W.C. Teagle, and the Norwegian merchant steamers Erviken (which broke in two and sank in three minutes) and Rym, 6,595 and 1,369 tons respectively"D/S Erviken". warsailors.com. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
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Oberleutnant zur See Heino von Heimburg in the German submarine was off the island of Kandeloussa and saw both ships. He allowed Soudan to pass unmolested, and focused his attention on the unescorted Royal Edward some off Kandelioussa.Wise and Baron, p. 77. He launched one of UB-14s two torpedoes from about away and hit Royal Edward in the stern.Gardiner, p. 180. She sank by the stern within six minutes. Royal Edward was able to get off an SOS before losing power, and Soudan arrived on the scene at 10:00 after making a 180° turn and rescued 440 men in six hours.
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Citation: He was air commander and leader of more than 2,000 heavy bombers in a strike against German airfields on 24 December 1944. En route to the target, the failure of 1 engine forced him to relinquish his place at the head of the formation. In order not to endanger friendly troops on the ground below, he refused to jettison his bombs to gain speed maneuverability. His lagging, unescorted aircraft became the target of numerous enemy fighters which ripped the left wing with cannon shells, set the oxygen system afire, and wounded 2 members of the crew.
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In 1564 the Council of the Indies took steps to protect shipping between New Spain and Spain, which was under attack from pirates and from Spain's colonial rivals. Warships were assigned to protect merchant ships on the route. This increased the travel time, typically to two or three months, when a fast ship, unescorted, could make the trip in three weeks. In 1565, while Muñoz was still serving on the Council of the Indies, the Second Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca and Luis Cortés, both sons of Hernán Cortés, led a conspiracy to declare the independence of New Spain.
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In August 1857, Pierpont married Eliza Jane Purse, the daughter of the mayor of Savannah. Pierpont remained in Savannah and never went back North."James Lord Pierpont (1822–1893) Author of 'Jingle Bells'" on the Hymns and Carols of Christmas website The double-meaning of "upsot" was thought humorous, and a sleigh ride gave an unescorted couple a rare chance to be together, unchaperoned, in distant woods or fields, with all the opportunities that afforded. This “upset,” a term Pierpont transpose to “upsot,” became the climactic component of a sleigh-ride outing within the sleigh narrative.
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Meanwhile, to supplement Commonwealth forces, the RAF has been forming units of foreign pilots who have escaped German-occupied countries; the main difficulty is their lack of English-language skills. While on a training flight, a Free Polish squadron accidentally runs into an unescorted flight of German bombers. Ignoring the commands of their British training officer, they peel off one by one and shoot down several of the bombers with unorthodox aggressive tactics. Park rewards them by elevating them to operational status, leading Dowding to do the same for the Canadian and Czech squadrons as well.
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On 8 October, LST-779 departed San Diego, unescorted, and arrived at Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Territory of Hawaii, on 18 October. Having unloaded the materials she carried from New Orleans, she undertook a period of intensive training with units from the US Army and Marine Corps in Hawaiian waters. It was not until January 1945, that LST-779 embarked her combat load of ammunition, gasoline, equipment, and marines of the 2nd 155-millimeter Howitzer Battalion, USMC and eight amphibious trucks (DUKW) from the 473rd Amphibian Truck Company (US Army). On 22 January, she departed Hawaii, setting a course for the Marianas.
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The destroyer , which rescued three of Umonas Lascars In March 1941 Umona sailed from Durban for London, laden with 1,549 tons of maize, 50 tons of pulses and 47 tons of jam. She called at Walvis Bay in South-West Africa on 20 March and headed unescorted for Freetown to join an inbound convoy. Umonas complement was typical of many British merchant ships: her officers and stewards were British, her crew were Muslim Lascars and her carpenter was Chinese. By the time she left Walvis Bay she was carrying 14 passengers including seven distressed British seamen (DBS), i.e.
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As the week drew on, the airfield attacks moved further inland, and repeated raids were made on the radar chain. 15 August was "The Greatest Day" when the Luftwaffe mounted the largest number of sorties of the campaign. Luftflotte 5 attacked the north of England. Believing Fighter Command strength to be concentrated in the south, raiding forces from Denmark and Norway ran into unexpectedly strong resistance. Inadequately escorted by Bf 110s, bombers were shot down in large numbers. North East England was attacked by 65 Heinkel 111s escorted by 34 Messerschmitt 110s, and RAF Great Driffield was attacked by 50 unescorted Junkers 88s.
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According to his memoirs, Kesselring now decided to surrender his own headquarters. He ordered Hausser to supervise the SS troops to ensure that the surrender was carried out in accordance with his instructions. Kesselring then surrendered to an American major at Saalfelden, near Salzburg, in Austria on 9 May 1945. He was taken to see Major General Maxwell D. Taylor, the commander of the US 101st Airborne Division, who treated him courteously, allowing him to keep his weapons and field marshal's baton, and to visit the Eastern Front headquarters of Army Groups Centre and South at Zeltweg and Graz unescorted.
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Under escort by a Japanese aircraft and then later a destroyer, they were instructed to sail to Rabaul where they became prisoners of war. After a few months at Rabaul, the officers were separated from their NCOs and men. The officers were transported to Japan where they remained in captivity for the rest of the war, whilst the NCOs and men, along with other members of Lark Force that had been captured and a number of civilians, where put on to the Japanese passenger ship Montevideo Maru for transportation. Traveling unescorted, the Montevideo Maru sailed from Rabaul on 22 June.
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The bombers could not be escorted all the way to Scotland from Occupied Europe because of the short range of the Messerschmitt Bf 109, so the attacking bombers proved to be fodder for Saul's Spitfire and Hurricane squadrons. On 15 August 1940 the German air force attempted its one and only daylight flank attack on Northern England. North East England was attacked by 65 Heinkel He 111s escorted by 34 Messerschmitt Bf 110s, and RAF Driffield was attacked by 50 unescorted Junkers Ju 88s. Out of 115 bombers and 35 fighters sent over 16 bombers and 7 fighters were destroyed.
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Marriott was born at Marriott Settlement (present-day Marriott-Slaterville, Utah), the second of eight children of Hyrum Willard Marriott and Ellen Morris Marriott. As a child, "Bill", as J. Willard was called, helped to raise sugar beets and sheep on his family's farm. At age 13, Marriott raised lettuce on several fallow acres on the farm and the harvest at summer's end brought $2,000, which Marriott gave to his father. The next year, Hyrum entrusted Marriott, his eldest son, with the sale of a herd of 3,000 sheep, sending him and the sheep unescorted by rail to San Francisco.
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U-380 experienced her first taste of war on her first patrol. While stalking convoy ON-127 on 12 September 1942 in the central Atlantic, the submarine was detected and attacked by the convoy's escorts resulting in the failure of one of her diesel engines. The damage was not severe enough to warrant aborting the patrol, but the U-boat broke off her attack. Her first strike against allied shipping would come less than a week later when she torpedoed and sank the unescorted Norwegian motor merchant Olaf Fostenes (2,994 GRT). All 36 men aboard the merchant survived this attack.
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An L clearance is a security clearance used by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission for civilian access relating to nuclear materials and information under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. It is equivalent to a United States Department of Defense (DOD) Secret clearance. The DOE L clearance provides less access than the agency's Q clearance. L-cleared persons are allowed unescorted access to "limited" and "protected" areas, as well as access to Confidential Restricted Data, Confidential and Secret Formerly Restricted Data, Confidential and Secret National Security Information, and Category III special nuclear material.
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The 870th flew missions against strategic objectives in Japan, originally in daylight and from high altitude. It was also tasked with "Weather Strike" missions which were single ship flights flown nightly to obtain weather information for target areas in Japan while also making incendiary attacks on various targets.Stewart & Potter, p. 91 Formation of 497th Bombardment Group B-29s showing Square A tail marking The squadron received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for a mission on 27 January 1945. Although weather conditions prevented the group from bombing its primary objective, the unescorted B-29’s withstood severe enemy attacks to strike an alternate target, the industrial area of Hamamatsu.
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Unescorted Consolidated B-24 Liberators and Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers, however, proved unable to fend off German interceptors (primarily Bf 109s and Fw 190s). With the later arrival of long range fighters, particularly the North American P-51 Mustang, American fighters were able to escort far into Germany on daylight raids and established control of the skies over Western Europe. By the time of Operation Overlord in June 1944, the Allies had gained near complete air superiority over the Western Front. This cleared the way both for intensified strategic bombing of German cities and industries, and for the tactical bombing of battlefield targets.
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Captain Stanton is a renowned Indian Fighter with his animosity stirred by the fact that his career officer father was forced to resign after trusting a group of Indians who broke their word to him. Stanton is sent to the field to relieve the commander of a troop unsuccessfully hunting Apaches who have fled their reservation. Stanton quickly meets with success by having his new troop drop their excess equipment to move faster and longer. He defeats a war party of Apache by luring them with an unescorted wagon loaded with hidden soldiers who engage the enemy until Stanton's mounted troop surround and defeat them.
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Captain Dow of Lusitania refused to give his own position except in code, and since he was, in any case, some distance from the positions they gave, continued to Liverpool unescorted. In response to this new submarine threat, some alterations were made to the ship's protocols. In contravention to the Cruiser Rules she was ordered not to fly any flags in the war zone. Some messages were sent to the ship's commander to help him decide how to best protect his ship against the new threat, and it also seems that her funnels were most likely painted dark grey to help make her less visible to enemy submarines.
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This was the first successful Wolfpack attack of the Second World War. On 9 September 1940, Convoy HX 72 left Halifax, Nova Scotia, bound for the UK. The convoy was escorted most of the way across the Atlantic by the armed merchant cruiser , with an escort of destroyers and corvettes to protect the convoy for the dangerous final stages through the Western Approaches. Jervis Bay left the convoy on 20 September, before the escort group had rendezvoused with the convoy. U-47 spotted the unescorted convoy shortly after Jervis Bay had left, and shadowed the convoy allowing more U-boats to be directed in attacks against the convoy.
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This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on June 11, 2014. This is a public domain source. H.R. 3202 would direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to assess the effectiveness of the Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) program. That program was established under the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA), which requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide a biometric security credential for personnel who require unescorted access to secure areas of MTSA-regulated facilities and vessels and to all mariners who hold credentials issued by the U.S. Coast Guard.
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López managed to force Lavalle to send his troops to a region rich in mío mío, a toxic grass: five hundred horses died, half of his cavalry. Lavalle attempted to return to Buenos Aires, and met Rosas and López at the battle of Márquez Bridge, where he was defeated. López returned to Santa Fe, because Paz had successfully conquered Córdoba and feared that his province may be next. Completely defeated, Lavalle headed unescorted to Rosas’ base of operations and requested to parley with him. It was late and Rosas was not there at the time, so he was allowed to sleep at Rosas’ bedroom.
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U-511, now under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Fritz Schneewind, left Lorient once more on 31 December 1942 to patrol the waters between Spain, the Canary Islands and the Azores. At 21:42 on 9 January 1943 she had her only success, sinking the 5,004 ton British merchant ship William Wilberforce, loaded with 5,054 tons of West African produce, including palm kernels, palm oil and rubber en route from Lagos to Liverpool. The unescorted ship was torpedoed west of the Canary Islands, with the loss of three crewmen. The master, 41 crewmen, six gunners and 12 passengers were later picked up by the Spanish merchant ship Monte Arnabal.
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Maria Bashir is a prosecutor based in Afghanistan, who is the only woman to ever hold such a position in the country . With more than fifteen years of experience with Afghan civil service - the Taliban, corrupt policemen, death threats, failed assassination attempts - she has seen them all. She was banned from working during the Taliban period, when she spent her time schooling girls illegally at her residence, when it was illegal for women to be seen unescorted by men on the streets. In the post-Taliban era, she was called back into service, and was made the Chief Prosecutor General of Herat Province in 2006.
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At 00:18 hours on 27 May the unescorted 6,269 GRT Dutch merchantman Polyphemus, en route from Halifax to Liverpool, was hit by two torpedoes from U-578 about north of Bermuda and sank within 45 minutes, with the loss of 15 of the crew. The survivors, including 14 men previously picked up from the Norland, sunk five days before by , abandoned ship in five lifeboats. The U-boat surfaced and questioned the first officer before giving them cigarettes and the heading for New York. Three of the lifeboats landed at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, while the other two were rescued by a Portuguese ship.
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On the way, they encountered Nankiwi and the girl, returning unescorted. The girl's brother, Nampa, was furious at this, and to defuse the situation and divert attention from himself, Nankiwi claimed that the foreigners had attacked them on the beach, and in their haste to flee, they had been separated from their chaperone. Gikita, a senior member of the group whose experience with outsiders had taught him that they could not be trusted, recommended that they kill the foreigners. The return of the older woman and her account of the friendliness of the missionaries was not enough to dissuade them, and they soon continued toward the beach.
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In the first three days of the war, the commanders of the Soviet 3rd Air Corps still attempted to use their DB-3 bombers in their primary role, as a medium altitude level bomber, operating mainly at night. However the losses the Soviet aviation suffered were too heavy to allow such luxuries. By the 25th the 207th BAP (Bomber Aviation Regiment) of the 3rd DBAK (Long-Range Bomber Corps) was forced to launch small flights of unescorted DB-3s on low-level ground attack missions that these large lumbering aircraft were hardly suitable for. Having flown three conventional night-time bombing missions, Gastello was facing increasingly unfavorable odds.
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Three days late, with a crew filled out from seaman volunteers from a local Naval brig released from minor offenses, the ship got underway in the early hours of 27 October in an unescorted dash across the Atlantic to join the convoy. Contessa, loaded with only 738 tons of gasoline and bombs, overtook the convoy on 7 November.Contessa, later under bareboat charter by the Army for service in the Southwest Pacific Area, normally had a draft of , according to the 1942—43 Lloyd's Register. It is possible the light load was intended to lighten the ship in order to pass the Sebou River entrance bar.
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On 15 May 1941 Stratheden left Suez for a long, indirect, unescorted voyage home to Britain. She called at Port Sudan, Mombasa, Durban and Cape Town, then crossed the Atlantic twice: westward to Trinidad, where she called on 5–6 June, and then eastward to the Clyde, where she arrived on 18 June. Stratheden next made two crossings to Canada. On 8 August 1941 she left the Clyde carrying 3,391 troops in Convoy CT 1 to Halifax, and on 26 August she left Halifax with Convoy TC 12B carrying 3,269 troops to the Clyde. On 17 September she left the Clyde carrying 3,169 troops with Convoy WS 1 to Halifax.
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On 16 February 1942 Stratheden left the Clyde carrying 4,134 troops in Convoy WS 16. She called at Freetown and Durban, where WS 16 divided and she continued with WS 16B to Bombay, where she arrived on 8 April. On 18 April Stratheden left Bombay unescorted for her return voyage. She called at Cape Town and Freetown and reached the Clyde on 23 May. In 1942 led Convoy WS 20, in which Stratheden sailed from the Irish Sea to Sierra Leone On 21 June 1942 Stratheden left the Clyde carrying 4,496 troops and joined Convoy WS 20, which included 15 troop ships and carried least 44,305 troops.
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XXXVII, No. 14. Vichy Vice-Premier Admiral Darlan declared that the Vichy merchant marine had so far brought through the blockade 7m bushels of grain, 363,000 tons of wine, 180,000 tons of peanut oil together with large amounts of fruit, sugar, cocoa, meat, fish and rum. Darlan, who during the battle of France had given Churchill the solemn pledge that the French navy would never surrender to Germany, claimed that the British were reluctant to risk a third bloody clash like those at Dakar and Oran, and that, while they had sunk seven unescorted French food ships, they had never sunk, or even stopped, a French ship escorted by warships.
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186 but the Dutch informants at Canton had also passed on false reports that Royal Navy warships were accompanying the convoy, reports that may have been deliberately placed by British authorities. The convoy was an immensely valuable prize, its cargo of tea, silk and porcelain valued at over £8 million in contemporary values (the equivalent of £ as of ). Also on board were 80 Chinese plants ordered by Sir Joseph Banks for the royal gardens and carried in a specially designed plant room. The HEIC Select Committee in Canton had been very concerned for the safety of the unescorted convoy, and had debated delaying its departure.
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Over the next year, Volans performed a vital service to the fleet as a stores issue ship. In the course of her important but unglamorous duties, she traveled from port to port, unescorted, proceeding independently from locales ranging from the Solomon Islands to the Carolines; and from the Palaus to the Admiralties. Ports of call included Guadalcanal; Tulagi; Emirau (Green Islands); Noumea, New Caledonia; the Russell Islands; Munda, New Georgia; Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides; Finschhafen and Hollandia, New Guinea; Manus; Ulithi; Kossol Roads; Peleliu; and the islands of Guam and Saipan. In addition, she also operated for a time out of Leyte in the Philippines.
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On 3 October 1942 Duchess of Atholl left Cape Town unescorted for Freetown, from where she was to continue to the UK. She was carrying 534 passengers: 236 army personnel, 196 naval personnel, 97 RAF personnel, five nurses and 291 civilians, including many women and children. At about 0755 hrs on 10 October the ship was about 200 miles east-northeast of Ascension Island, making a zigzag course, when the German Type IX submarine sighted her at a range of about . U-178 immediately dived and at 0829 hrs fired two torpedoes at the ship's port side. One missed, but the other hit the centre of Duchess of Atholls engine room.
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Underway on 11 May 1942 for Hampton Roads, Wakefield arrived at Norfolk, Virginia two days later to load cargo in preparation for Naval Transportation Service Operating Plan Lone Wolf. This provided for Wakefield to travel, for the most part, unescorted – relying on her superior speed to outrun or outmaneuver enemy submarines. On 19 May 1942, she embarked 4,725 Marines and 309 Navy and Army passengers for transportation to the South Pacific and moved to Hampton Roads to form up with a convoy bound for the Panama Canal Zone. Arriving at Cristóbal on 25 May 1942, Wakefield was released from the convoy to proceed west.
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Established as a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress reconnaissance squadron in January 1942; redesignated as a heavy bomber squadron in April and activated in June. Trained initially under Third Air Force in the southeast; transferring to Second Air Force in the Pacific Northwest. Operated as an Operational Training Unit in the Midwest until being deployed to the European Theater of Operations, being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England in June 1942. Engaged in strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Germany, sustaining very heavy losses of personnel and aircraft while conducting many unescorted missions over enemy territory attacking airfields, industries, naval facilities and transportation hubs.
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The ship's keel was laid in Permanente Metals Richmond, CA, Yard 2 on July 2, 1943 as hull number 1715, type EC2-S-C1. She was launched on July 24, 1943 and delivered on August 4, 1943. The Melville E. Stone was 22 days on the Ways, 12 days in the Water and 34 days to Delivery. After delivery to the War Shipping Administration, she was operated by Norton Lilly & Co, NY. At 06:14 hours on November 24, 1943, the unescorted Melville E. Stone (Master Lawrence J. Gallagher) was hit by two torpedoes from German submarine U-516 about 100 miles northwest of Cristobal, Canal Zone, at .
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After completion of training the unit deployed to the central Pacific area in the spring of 1945, where it became part of XXI Bomber Command at Northwest Field (Guam). The squadron entered combat on 16 June 1945 with a bombing raid against an airfield on Moen. It flew its first mission against the Japanese home islands on 26 June 1945 and afterwards operated principally against the enemy's petroleum industry. Between 29 July and 5 August 1945, the unit flew a series of unescorted missions against the oil refinery at Shimotsu, The Mitsubishi refinery and oil installations at Kawasaki and coal liquifaction plants at Ube in the face of strong enemy opposition.
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Departing from Kiel on the 15 August 1942, U-512 headed into the Atlantic via the Norwegian coast and the gap between Iceland and the Faeroe Islands and then to the southwest, arriving in her designated patrol zone by the second week in September. She was almost immediately successful, sinking the slow, unescorted 10,000-ton American tanker SS Patrick J. Hurley with her deck gun, claiming 17 lives. A week later, a second ship was found, the lone Spanish freighter SS Monte Gorbea, which was sunk with 52 lives, despite her neutral status. This act would undoubtedly have led to Schultze's court-martial, had he returned from the patrol.
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At 04.05 hours on 19 February 1940, whilst transporting iron ore to Middlesbrough (or Immingham, Lincolnshire) Great Britain from Narvik, Norway, the unescorted Tiberton was hit by one G7e torpedo from U-23 (on her eighth sailing and active patrol in the North SeaScuttled U23 found in Black seaThe fate of "Hitler's lost fleet") under the command of Otto Kretschmer. The Tiberton broke in two and sank in 30 seconds about 33 miles east of Kirkwall, Orkney. All 34 of her crew were killed. On 10 April 1940 the SS Tiberton was officially registered with Lloyd's as Missing / Untraced and a Joint Arbitration Committee considered her a "war loss".
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The ship was taken under fire by a German artillery battery near Saint-Valery- en-Caux, but she was not hit and Lieutenant Commander H.G. DeWolf, the ship's captain, ordered her to return fire although no results were noted. After returning to England, St. Laurent escorted several troop convoys on the last legs of their journeys from Canada, Australia and New Zealand in mid-June and was assigned to escort duties with Western Approaches Command afterwards.Douglas, pp. 97–98 On 2 July, whilst escorting the British battleship , St. Laurent received word that the unescorted British passenger ship had been torpedoed by , about northeast of Malin Head, Ireland.
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Griffith, pp. 39–40. Devotees of Billy Mitchell, many of whom had served with the 1st Provisional Air Brigade, dominated the faculty of the Tactical School at Maxwell. With their students, they developed a theory of warfare that invoked the superiority of the long-range bomber over all other types of aircraft. Going beyond Mitchell's ideas, they de-emphasized balanced forces and support of ground troops in favor of a doctrine that heavily armed bombers could fight their way to industrial targets in daylight, unescorted by fighters, and with precision bombing (made possible by the introduction of the Norden bombsight in 1931),Miller, p. 39Griffith, p. 15.
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On 13 November 1916, Alarm was ordered to rendezvous with the transport Idaho, bound for Portland from New York with a load of explosives, but fog delayed Alarms departure from Devonport, so that Idaho was unescorted when the German submarine attacked. Idahos crew abandoned ship, but the destroyer had heard Idahos SOS radio signals, and arrived in time to drive off U-49 and save Idaho. On 22 March 1917, Alarm and Tigress were employed in escorting the battleship . On 24 March 1917, Alarm picked up 11 survivors from the merchant ship , sunk the previous day by the submarine when bound for Newhaven from Saint-Valery-sur- Somme.
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She appears to have met him first in Karl-Marx-Stadt (as Chemnitz was known at this time) where she had travelled to interview members of the Democratic Women's League of Germany ("Demokratischer Frauenbund Deutschlands" / DFD). It would have been remarkable for her to have travelled unescorted under these circumstances, and she was indeed accompanied to Karl-Marx-Stadt by an MfS "minder". who introduced her to "Karl-Heinz Schmidt", who was also visiting the city. It turned out that he knew her MfS escort and, on learning that the man was planning to drive to nearby Dresden, asked if he could cadge a lift.
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Air International March 1989, p. 154. The Luftwaffe started Operation Barbarossa with co-ordinated strikes against 66 major Soviet airfields, destroying a large proportion of Soviet air strength on the ground or air on the first day of the invasion. The SBs that survived the carnage of the first day continued to be poorly used, many being frittered away in unescorted low-level attacks against German tanks, where the SB's relatively large size and lack of armour made it highly vulnerable to German light Flak, while German fighters continued to take a heavy toll. Within a few days, losses forced most of the remaining SBs to switch to night attacks.
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She would walk unescorted in the streets of Navarre, allowing any one to approach her and would listen at first hand to the sorrows of the people. She called herself 'The Prime Minister of the Poor'. Henri, her husband, King of Navarre, believed in what she was doing, even to the extent of setting up a public works system that became a model for France. Together he and Marguerite financed the education of needy students." Jules Michelet (1798–1874), the most celebrated historian of his time, wrote of her: "Let us always remember this tender Queen of Navarre, in whose arms our people, fleeing from prison or the pyre, found safety, honor, and friendship.
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The neutral Tolten was travelling unescorted from Baltimore, United States to New York City, New York (state), United States in ballast when on 13 March 1942 at 6.43 am, she was hit near the bridge by a torpedo from the German submarine U-404 in the Atlantic Ocean off Barnegat, New Jersey, United States. The ship sank in six minutes and it was only after her sinking that the U-boat crew confirmed the ship to be Chilean. All but one of her 27 crew died in the sinking. A fireman named Julio Faust Rivera was blown overboard by the torpedo impact and managed to swim to a loose raft before passing out.
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Equipoise was travelling unescorted from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Baltimore, United States while carrying a cargo of 8000 tons of Manganese ore when on 27 March 1942 at 02.38 am, she was hit by a torpedo from the German submarine U-160 in the Atlantic Ocean south east of Cape Henry, Virginia, United States. The torpedo struck the ship on the starboard side between hatches number one and two and also blew out the bottom. The ship sank in two minutes which gave the crew only enough time to launch two lifeboats and two rafts. The first lifeboat however quickly capsized as it hit the water while the other was launched empty.
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Engaged in strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Germany, sustaining very heavy losses of personnel and aircraft while conducting many unescorted missions over enemy territory attacking airfields, industries, naval facilities and transportation hubs. During the summer of 1944, aircrews bombed enemy positions at Saint-Lô, followed by similar campaigns at Brest in August and September. In October 1944, the squadron attacked enemy and ground defenses in the allied drive on the Siegfried Line, then bombed marshaling yards, German occupied villages, and communication targets in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945. Attacked enemy targets in Germany during the spring of 1945, ending combat operations with the German capitulation in May 1945.
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U-511s final patrol took her all the way to Japan, as part of the ongoing programme of technological exchange. She had aboard additional personnel, including the German ambassador to Tokyo, the Japanese naval attaché in Berlin and German scientists and engineers. Leaving Lorient on 10 May 1943 under the command of the now Kapitänleutnant Fritz Schneewind, she sailed through the Atlantic and around the Cape of Good Hope into the Indian Ocean where she made two kills. The first attack was made at 09:42 on 27 June, when she hit the unescorted 7,194 ton American Liberty ship with two torpedoes, disabling the engines and killing an officer and two men.
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Spotting Merritt's seemingly unescorted wagon train along Warbonnet Creek, a small war party of six Cheyenne warriors charged directly into the trap to divert attention from the main body of Cheyenne. A few warriors were wounded by the troopers, but the only real action of the engagement was a "duel" between Buffalo Bill and a Cheyenne chief, Yellow Hair. Cody shot and killed the Indian with his Winchester carbine, then pulled out a Bowie knife and scalped him. The main body of warriors attempted to rescue the small war party, but fled so quickly after seeing the true strength of the U.S. forces that not a single trooper was killed or injured.
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U-510 left Lorient on 3 November 1943, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean to operate off the Arabian Peninsula. On 22 February 1944, she made two attacks on Convoy PA-69 about 200 miles off Aden, sinking the 9,181 ton American tanker E.G. Seubert and the 7,385 ton British tanker San Alvaro; she also damaged the 9,970 ton Norwegian tanker Erling Brøvig. The U-boat then shaped a course for Penang in Malaya (now Malaysia), making three more attacks en route. On 7 March she torpedoed and sank the unescorted 7,229 ton Norwegian merchant ship Tarifa about 250 miles east of Socotra in the Indian Ocean.
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Faced with this abject military failure, on 2 August the Federalist Commission populaire dissolved itself, four days before it was outlawed by the Convention and its members declared traitors. Whereas the others Federalist cities were taken by force or surrendered to the armies of the Convention, in Bordeaux no military force was employed to end the Federalist revolt. Two new commissioners sent by the Convention, Claude- Alexandre Ysabeau and Marc Antoine Baudot, arrived unescorted on 18 August. However the crowds that greeted them were so hostile they decided to leave a once rather than stay in Bordeaux, so they went to La Réole and reported to the Convention on the mood in the city.
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Throughout the war, SM.81s were used as attack aircraft as well as in the transport role and as bombers. Although some missions were flown with Fiat CR.32 fighter escorts, unescorted day missions were only made possible by flying in tight formation with mutual machine gun protection, and by the aircraft's ability to fly on instruments while in cloud. Sorties were increasingly flown at night after the arrival of Polikarpov I-15 and I-16s in Spain, at which point only seven of the original nine aircraft were still serviceable, having released 210 tonnes (230 tons) of bombs and contributed (together with Junkers Ju 52s) to 868 flights transporting Morocco's troops.
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The next day, Whale got underway for a rendezvous point where she joined submarine on 23 March and patrolled along a likely shipping route east of Tori Shima and the Bonins. On 25 March, Whale changed course, passed between Tokara Shima, entered the East China Sea on 29 March, and conducted patrols off the western coast of Kyūshū, including Quelpart Island and Iki Shima. On 8 April, she torpedoed an unescorted freighter, Honan Maru(5401 GRT) off the north-western coast of Kyushu in position 33°45'N, 128°42'E which exploded and sank within 15 seconds. Nine days later, Whale made contact with two small destroyers or torpedo boats but was unable to close.
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Her second victim was her most famous, and became one of the most famous treasure shipwrecks of the Twentieth Century. The unescorted Liberty ship was transporting a cargo of 3 million silver one-riyal coins from Aden to Ras Tanura in the Persian Gulf as part of an American government agreement with the Saudi royal family; the silver coins had been minted in America for Saudi monarch King Abdul Aziz Al-Saud and were stacked in huge boxes in the hold, and went down with the ship when she was torpedoed at , about south of the entrance to the Arabian Sea. A massive salvage operation in 1994 succeeded in retrieving many of the lost coins.
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Duchess of Atholl was requisitioned in December 1939 and converted into a troop ship. On 4 January 1940 she sailed from the Clyde to the Mediterranean, calling at Gibraltar, Marseille and Malta and reaching Alexandria in Egypt on 19 January. She sailed between Alexandria, Gibraltar, Malta and Marseilles until 5 March 1940, when she left Gibraltar and returned to the Clyde. On 25 March 1940 Duchess of Atholl resumed transatlantic duties, but now bringing Canadian troops to the UK. Her first voyage was unescorted via St John's, Newfoundland to Halifax, Nova Scotia and back. Her second voyage, in June 1940, was with Convoy TC 5, in which she carried 1,173 troops from Halifax to Liverpool.
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The Blenheim IV was flying alone unescorted and Lützow set it on fire. The bomber exploded in midair near Abbeville. On 23 June 1940, I. Gruppe was moved to a forward airfield at Grandvilliers in preparation for missions over the Channel Coast, but the following day, all Bf 109s were sent to Wiesbaden, via Brussels, for a thorough maintenance check. The overhaul detachment arrived in Wiesbaden in the late afternoon and the pilots were sent on home leave. The cease-fire of the Armistice of 22 June 1940 went into effect on 25 June 1940, ending the Battle of France. During the French campaign, Lützow flew 64 combat missions and claimed nine victories.
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The commander of the ordered the crew to leave the vessel again because a U-boat was reported in nearby Dromore Bay. On 27 September 1940, the master and crew were returned to the vessel where she was towed to Rothesay by tugs HMS Superman and HMS Seaman. She was beached in Kames Bay on 30 September 1940. In May 1941 the ship was refloated and towed to Glasgow, where she was repaired and returned to service in September 1941. Matadian The crew of the unescorted Matadian were luckier when she was attacked and sunk by in the Gulf of Guinea, en route from Lagos to the UK, on 21 March 1944.
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The book focuses on how in early 2003, during the invasion of Iraq, South African conservationist Lawrence Anthony, realized that there would be no one looking after the biggest zoo in the Middle East, and left his Thula Thula game reserve home in Zululand, South Africa, for war-blockaded Kuwait. Anthony wrangled his way into becoming the first civilian, apart from media, to gain access to Iraq and then, drove a hired car from Kuwait, unarmed and unescorted, into the heart of Baghdad. On arrival, Anthony found that a battle had been fought in the surrounding park, and that the zoo had been damaged and badly looted. Hundreds of animals had died, escaped, or been stolen for food.
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In the opening rounds, Richthofen was involved in large pre-emptive strikes against the Red Air Force (Voyenno-vozdushnyye sily, or VVS) airfields. The Luftwaffe lost 78 aircraft on 22 June, but destroyed 1,489 aircraft on the ground, though further research indicates the number exceeded 2,000 destroyed. In July, waves of unescorted Soviet bombers tried in vain to halt the German advance, only to suffer extremely high loses. Within three days, the close support units of Kesselring's Luftflotte 2, including Richthofen's Corps, were able to revert to close support and interdiction operations largely unhindered. On 23 June, his Corps decimated the Soviet 6th Cavalry Corps (Western Front) when they attempted a counterattack near Grodno.
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Thrown into action to stop Rommel's advance, the Baltimore suffered massive losses when it was used as a low-level attack aircraft, especially in the chaos of the desert war where most missions went unescorted. Operating at medium altitude with fighter escorts, the Baltimore had a very low loss rate, with the majority of losses coming from operational accidents. Undertaking a variety of missions in the Middle East, Mediterranean and European theaters, the Baltimore's roles included reconnaissance, target-towing, maritime patrol, night intruder and even served as highly uncomfortable fast transports. The Baltimore saw limited Fleet Air Arm service with aircraft transferred from the RAF in the Mediterranean to equip a squadron in 1944.
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In February 1917, Germany restarted unrestricted submarine warfare against Britain, France and their allies, resulting in heavy losses to unescorted merchant shipping. There was a shortage of maritime patrol aircraft as the large Felixstowe F.2 flying boats had not yet entered large scale service, and the Royal Aircraft Factory, despite the fact that most of its aircraft were intended for land service with the Royal Flying Corps, decided to design and build a coastal patrol flying boat, the C.E.1 (Coastal Experimental 1) to help combat the U-boat menace.Hare 1990, p. 193.London 2003, pp. 35–36. Work started on the C.E.1, designed by William Farren, in July 1917, with two prototypes being built.
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On 9 January the Averof again put to sea in advance of the unescorted departures of six troopships from Bombay and Karachi, headed for Basra (BP.31A – 31B). The cruiser could not hope to keep up with these vessels, traveling at 14 to 16 knots, so she was once again designated as a patrol vessel (“defensive cover”) for the sea lane in which they would eventually overtake her. Turning in the Gulf of Oman, the Averofs lookout spotted a modern freighter appearing to shadow the warship at a safe distance. The cruiser went to “battle stations” over the possible sighting of a merchant raider, but the suspicious vessel altered course and sped away.
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On 14 December 1941 the unescorted and neutral Cassequel was hit in the stern by one of two torpedoes from U-boat-108 about 160 miles southwest of Cape St. Vincent, Portugal, and sank immediately. The Serpa Pinto was also stopped and boarded in 1944 (26 May) in the mid-Atlantic by the German submarine U-541, but the ship was ultimately allowed to proceed after the German naval authorities declined to approve its sinking. On 5 June 1944, just before the Normandy invasion, following the threats of economic sanctions by the Allies, the Portuguese government opted for a complete embargo on wolfram exports to both the Allies and the Axis, thereby putting 100,000 Portuguese labourers out of work.
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They thus took no role in the Polish campaign, instead based on the North Sea coast near Wilhelmshaven. This was virtually the only part of the Western Front, during the Phoney War, where there was significant aerial activity in the early months of the war, as RAF bombers flew unescorted raids on the German naval bases. So it did not take long for Specht to score his first victories: two Handley Page Hampden medium bombers in a squadron conducting an armed reconnaissance operation near Heligoland, shot down on 29 September. Needing a long-range fighter to better intercept the British bombers at distance, I./ZG 26 was thus the next Gruppe selected for re- equipping onto the Bf 110\.
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If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way. The Roman Catholic Church was critical of dueling throughout medieval history, frowning both on the traditions of judicial combat and on the duel on points of honor among the nobility. Judicial duels were deprecated by the Lateran Council of 1215, but the judicial duel persisted in the Holy Roman Empire into the 15th century. In 1459 (MS Thott 290 2) Hans Talhoffer reported that in spite of Church disapproval, there were nevertheless seven capital crimes that were still commonly accepted as resolvable by means of a judicial duel.
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Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11) was a fighter wing () of the German Luftwaffe during World War II. Its primary role was the defense of Northern Germany against Allied day bomber raids. Formed in April 1943 as a split from Jagdgeschwader 1, the unit primarily used the Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190. The unit was initially based along the North German coast, protecting the northern flank of occupied Europe. During the summer of 1943, as the unescorted bombers penetrated deeper into Germany, JG 11 saw intensive action, with about 40 percent of some 1,200 claims submitted by the Western Front fighter wings in this period being credited to JG 1 and JG 11 .
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Shortly after this event, Dionysius, along with his brother Leptines, sailed forth with a flotilla to escort a supply convoy crucial for Syracuse. It is not known who the commander was in Syracuse in their absence, but his actions netted a significant success for the Greeks. Firstly, after spotting an unescorted Punic corn ship in the Great Harbour, five Syracusan ships sailed out and captured it. While the prize was being brought in, 40 Punic ships sailed forth, and promptly the whole Syracusan navy (number of ships not mentioned, but probably outnumbering the Carthaginian contingent, there is no mention of who the admiral was) engaged the Punic squadron, sinking 4 ships and capturing 20 including the flagship.
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The second mission, an unescorted attack on a power station at IJmuiden, Netherlands, resulted in the loss of the entire attacking force of 11 B-26s to anti-aircraft fire and Luftwaffe Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters.Air International February 1988, p. 77. Following this disaster, the UK-based B-26 force was switched to medium altitude operations, and transferred to the Ninth Air Force, set up to support the planned invasion of France. Bombing from medium altitudes of and with appropriate fighter escort, the Marauder proved far more successful, striking against a variety of targets, including bridges and V-1 launching sites in the buildup to D-Day, and moving to bases in France as they became available.
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Following arrival on the West Coast Flomar was accepted by the Soviet Purchasing Commission, renamed Uzbekistan and was transferred to Far East Shipping Company on 10 January 1945. Subsequently the vessel was put into dock for maintenance and repairs on January 29 and following their completion sailed to Petropavlovsk on February 3. The freighter arrived at Petropavlovsk on February 19 via Akutan coaling station where she was defensively armed and prepared for service. The ships sailing in the Pacific between the West Coast ports of the United States and Soviet Union usually travelled unescorted with ship information being provided to the US Navy prior to ships' arrival, although Soviet vessels sometimes broke this rule.
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At night, Nick and Charlie walk back to their hotel drunk and unescorted - despite warnings about their safety. In an apparent prank, a young motorcyclist steals Charlie's coat and leads him to an underground parking garage - where it turns out that the motorcyclist is one of Sato's henchmen and that Sato has lured Nick and Charlie into a trap; Nick, separated from Charlie, watches in horror as Charlie gets attacked before Sato ends up decapitating him. Afterwards, Nick meets up with Joyce and she comforts him at her apartment. Matsumoto later visits Nick to give him Charlie's service pistol, and the two decide to work together in order to take down Sato.
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They were later picked up by the submarine chaser and a Coast Guard vessel. A Coast Guard officer boarded the ship to inspect the damage and ascertained that she could be saved, so the Master and four men returned to the ship and dropped the anchor to prevent the ship from going aground. The Master then went to Fort Pierce and returned later with 14 of his crew and the salvage tugs Ontario and Bafshe which towed the tanker to Port Everglades. The ship was repaired and returned to service in 1943. Meanwhile, at 09:35, off Fort Pierce, U-333 hit the unescorted 1,294-ton Dutch merchant ship Amazone with a single torpedo on the port side.
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In addition to the B-24 heavy bombers, group utilized C-87 Liberator transports for logistical support. From its main base at Kunming and later Hsinching Airfield, the 308th carried out long range strategic bombardment of enemy targets in China in support of Chinese ground forces. The group attacked airfields, coalyards, docks, oil refineries, and fuel dumps in French Indochina; mined rivers and ports; bombed shops and docks at Rangoon; attacked Japanese shipping in the East China Sea, Formosa Strait, South China Sea, and Gulf of Tonkin. Received a Distinguished Unit Citation for an unescorted bombing attack, conducted through antiaircraft fire and fighter defenses, against docks and warehouses at Hankowon 21 August 1943.
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The third ship sunk that day, the British steamship Port Hardy of , was hit accidentally when the third torpedo missed its target. Before the torpedo hit, U-96 was forced to submerge, as an escort, the Flower-class corvette arrived on the scene. Port Hardy lost one crew member in the attack, while 97 passengers and crew were picked up by Zaafaran. Shortly after 13:00 the next day, a slightly damaged U-96 was attacked by an aircraft, a Lockheed Hudson from No. 233 Squadron RAF, but the bombs did not cause any further damage. In the evening of 1 May, U-96 unsuccessfully attacked an unescorted freighter, before making contact with another convoy on 4 May.
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Dondulo was acclaimed a hero on his return to Venice in July, towing the captured ships, and was duly elected as Captain-General of the Sea. He soon fell out with Doge Reniero Zeno, however: the Doge insisted that the fleet restrict itself to escorting the merchant convoys, whereas Dondulo strongly supported the idea that the fleet should, rather than return to Venice once the convoys were safely under way, remain at sea seeking to attack Genoese shipping. As a result of this disagreement, Dondulo resigned and was replaced by his lieutenant, Marco Zeno. Marco Zeno's cautious leadership left the seas open to the Genoese raiders, who preyed on unescorted Venetian shipping, so that in spring 1267, Dondulo was recalled to command.
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In January 1942 Lady Hawkins sailed from Montreal for Bermuda and the Caribbean. She called at Halifax and Boston, and by the time she left Boston she was carrying 2,908 tons of general cargo and 213 passengers as well as her complement of 107 officers, crew and DEMS gunners. At least 53 of her passengers were Royal Navy and RNVR personnel, and at least another 55 were civilians, including at least 15 from the British West Indies and four from the USA. On the morning of 19 January 1942 the ship was sailing unescorted about off Cape Hatteras, taking a zigzag course to make her more difficult to hit, when at 0743 hrs commanded by Korvettenkapitän Robert- Richard Zapp hit her with two stern-launched torpedoes.
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This musical originated in 1979 as Unescorted Women, first produced off-off-Broadway by the Joseph Jefferson Theatre Company. With its budget sets and costumes, anachronistic pop score, and camp burlesque-style production numbers (including one in which Woodhull sang the praises of Beecher's physical endowment) intact, headed uptown the following year rechristened Onward Victoria. After twenty-three previews - and with its closing notice already in place - the Broadway production, directed by Julianne Boyd and choreographed by Michael Shawn, opened on December 14, 1980 at the Martin Beck Theatre, where it ran for one performance. The cast included Jill Eikenberry as Woodhull, Michael Zaslow as Beecher, Ted Thurston as Vanderbilt, Laura Waterbury as Stanton, Dorothy Holland as Anthony, Gordon Stanley as Fleming, and Lenny Wolpe as Delmonico.
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HX 79 was an east-bound convoy of 50 ships which sailed from Halifax on 8 October 1940 making for Liverpool with war materials. On 19 October, 4 days from landfall, HX 79 was entering the Western Approaches, and had caught up with the position of SC 7, which was under attack. The escort for the crossing had been meagre, being provided by two armed merchant cruisers against the possibility of attack by a surface raider, but even these had departed when HX 79 was sighted by , commanded by submarine ace Kapitänleutnant Günther Prien. At this point HX 79 was unescorted; Prien sent a sighting report and set to shadowing the convoy, while Konteradmiral Karl Dönitz ordered the pack to assemble.
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100th Bombardment Group B-17s Established as a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombardment squadron in mid-1942; trained initially under Third Air Force in the southeast, then transferring to Second Air Force in the Pacific Northwest. Operated as an Operational Training Unit in the Midwest until being deployed to the European Theater of Operations, being assigned to VIII Bomber Command in England in June 1943. Engaged in strategic bombardment operations over Occupied Europe and Germany, sustaining very heavy losses of personnel and aircraft while conducting many unescorted missions over enemy territory attacking airfields, industries, naval facilities and transportation hubs. During the summer of 1944, aircrews bombed enemy positions at Saint-Lô, followed by similar campaigns at Brest, France in August and September.
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With the ship in a highly vulnerable state during a storm (which may, fortuitously, have been limiting U-boat activity in the area), the engines were restarted. Oronsay then made her way back to port without further incident, though casualties were reported.War Cabinet Weekly Résumé (No 58) 3 - 10 October 1940 (Catalogue Reference:cab/66/12/43) The National Archives On 9 October 1942, Oronsay was sailing unescorted in the Atlantic en route from Cape Town to the UK via Freetown. She was carrying 50 RAF personnel, 20 rescued British seamen, and 8 DEMS gunners, with a cargo of 1,200 tons of copper and 3,000 tons of oranges. When she was some 500 miles southwest of Freetown, she was torpedoed by the Italian submarine .
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He wrote, "The brutality of the Germans was only matched by the stupidity of their agents. It is difficult to understand how anyone could imagine that with all the resources of Great Britain at my disposal I should have booked a passage in an unarmed and unescorted plane from Lisbon and flown home in broad daylight." As it was, Churchill travelled back to Britain via Gibraltar, departing on the evening of 4 June 1943 in a converted Consolidated B-24 Liberator transport and arriving in Britain the next morning. In the BBC television series, Churchill's Bodyguard (original broadcast 2006), it is suggested that (Abwehr) German intelligence agents were in contact with members of the merchant navy in Britain and were informed of Churchill's departure and route.
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On 26 February a small British squadron led by Captain Henry Trollope in detached from the cruising division of Rear-Admiral Thomas Pringle and encountered the Batavians, the weaker British making off as Lucas formed a line of battle. Having successfully evaded pursuit, Lucas followed his planned route, arriving at Las Palmas on Gran Canaria on 13 April. The journey had not been unobserved: a small British warship, the 20-gun under Captain Charles Brisbane, had sighted the Batavian force near Madeira while Mozelle was escorting two merchant ships to Barbados. Leaving the merchant ships to make their way unescorted, Mozelle followed Lucas for several days and then sailed south with all haste to bring a warning to the Cape.
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The Battle of Pulo Aura was a minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought on 14 February 1804, in which a large convoy of Honourable East India Company (HEIC) East Indiamen, well-armed merchant ships, intimidated, drove off and chased away a powerful French naval squadron. Although the French force was much stronger than the British convoy, Commodore Nathaniel Dance's aggressive tactics persuaded Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois to retire after only a brief exchange of shot. Dance then chased the French warships until his convoy was out of danger, whereupon he resumed his passage toward British India. Linois later claimed that the unescorted British merchant fleet was defended by eight ships of the line, a claim criticised by contemporary officers and later historians.
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Cruzen later reported, ". . . an unusual force it was, too: one seaplane tender, one icebreaker, one submarine, one net tender converted into an icebreaker, and two cargo vessels." Eight days later, as Alcona was steaming across Baffin Bay, she received orders to proceed to Thule, unescorted. Favorable ice conditions and good visibility made the passage possible and enabled Alcona to anchor in North Star Bay, off Thule, at 19:28 on 27 July. Despite the descent of a dense, pea-soup fog that hampered the operation of boats to transfer cargo ashore and, later, a brisk offshore breeze, Alconas discharge of cargo and heavy equipment proceeded apace and made it possible for the Army's 1887th Engineer Aviation Battalion to commence work on the airstrip planned for Thule.
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Staffel, for example, moving from I. to II. Gruppe; this unit, as 4. Staffel, was equipped with Bf 109 G-6s in the autumn 1943 but was anti-bomber given the addition of the two 20mm cannon gondola under each wing. JG 2 was involved in the Second Raid on Schweinfurt in October, and downed nine B-17s as the bomber stream returned down the Somme. The German pilots should have made more of the opportunity against unescorted bombers, but the American crews escaped into the towering cumulus formations. The August–October 1943 actions were the last successes of the German fighter arm in World War II. The Eighth Air Force temporarily suspended deep-penetration operations until long-range US fighters were available.
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Barratt called General Alphonse Georges, commander of the (North-eastern Theatre of Operations) to tell him that the AASF would commence operations but it took until to give the order to attack. Thirty-two Battles from 12, 103, 105, 142, 150, 218 and 226 squadrons flew at low altitude, in groups of two to four bombers, to attack German columns. The first wave of eight Battles had support from five 1 Squadron and three 73 Squadron Hurricanes, sent to patrol over Luxembourg City and clear away German fighters. The two fighter formations were not co- ordinated and had only vague orders; the three 73 Squadron Hurricanes attacked a force of unescorted German bombers and were bounced by German fighters before they made contact with the Battles.
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With the start of the Battle of France, Swiss fighters began intercepting and occasionally fighting German aircraft intruding Swiss airspace. On 10 May 1940, several Swiss Bf 109s engaged a German Dornier Do 17 near the border at Bütschwil; in the ensuing exchange of fire, the Dornier was hit and eventually forced to land near Altenrhein. On 1 June, the Flugwaffe dispatched 12 Bf 109 E-1s to engage 36 unescorted German Heinkel He 111s of Kampfgeschwader 53 that were crossing Swiss airspace to attack the Lyon – Marseilles railway system. The Swiss Air force sustained its first casualty in the engagement when Sub Lieutenant Rudolf Rickenbacher was killed when the fuel tank of his Bf 109 exploded after being hit by the Heinkel's return fire.
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These aircraft were actually stripped- down versions of the normal B-29, bereft of the General Electric gun system and a variety of other components, in order to save weight and increase bomb- carrying capacity. The resultant unladen weight of 69,000 pounds was a vast improvement, lessening the strain on engines and airframe and enabling the payload to be increased from 12,000 to 18,000 pound ordnance. The only armament on these aircraft was in the tail, where two .50 caliber machine guns were installed. The elimination of the turrets and the associated General Electric computerized gun system increased the top speed of the Superfortress to 364 mph at 25,000 feet and made the B-29B suitable for fast, unescorted hit-and-run bombing raids and photographic missions.
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His ships were also busy convoying Lend-Lease material to the Soviet Union, as well as fighting the Japanese in the Pacific. King could not require coastal black-outs—the Army had legal authority over all civil defence—and did not follow advice the Royal Navy (or Royal Canadian Navy) provided that even unescorted convoys would be safer than merchants sailing individually. No troop transports were lost, but merchant ships sailing in US waters were left exposed and suffered accordingly. Britain eventually had to build coastal escorts and provide them to the US in a "reverse Lend Lease", since King was unable (or unwilling) to make any provision himself. The first U-boats reached US waters on January 13, 1942.
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The two cruisers sailed unescorted from Palermo at 17:20 on 9 December, heading for Tripoli. At 22:56, when north of Pantelleria, they were spotted by a British reconnaissance aircraft, which had been directed to the area by Ultra intercepts, and which started to shadow them. At 23:55, Toscano (who was at that time in the middle of the Sicilian Channel) decided to turn back to base, as the surprise required for the success of the mission had vanished, much British radio traffic foreshadowed air attack, and worsening sea conditions would delay the ships, further exposing them to British attacks. Da Barbiano and Di Giussano reached Palermo at 8:20 on 10 December, after overcoming a British air attack off Marettimo.
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Assassination of George I by Alexandros Schinas as depicted in a contemporary lithograph The First Balkan War ended in 1913 with the defeat of the Ottoman Empire by the Greek, Bulgarian, Serbian and Montenegrin coalition. The Kingdom of Greece was greatly expanded after the conflict but disagreements soon arose between the Allied powers: Greece and Bulgaria competed for possession of Thessaloniki and its surrounding region. To affirm the sovereignty of the Greeks over the main city of Macedonia, King George I moved to the city soon after its conquest by the Diadochos, on 8 December 1912. During his long stay in the city, the King went out every day to walk unescorted in the streets, as he had become accustomed to doing in Athens.
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However, Peruvian bombing missions were limited to tactical attacks on Ecuadorian troops in the front lines and facilities and forces supporting them directly, a type of attack to which Ca.135s were unsuited. Instead, the Ca.135s conducted unescorted reconnaissance flights over Ecuadorian territory and transport flights to the airfields at Piura and Talara, Peru. On 10 July 1941, during a transport flight, one of the Ca.135s was forced down by engine problems in an area inaccessible to ground vehicles about from Piura; although suffering only minor damage, its disassembly for transportation to a repair facility was infeasible, so it was stripped and abandoned. After the war ended on 31 July 1942, the five surviving Ca.135s remained at Chiclayo.
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Indianapolis off alt=A large, gray warship at sea Indianapolis served as flagship of Scouting Force 1 during World War II, and saw action in a number of campaigns in the Pacific theater. She supported the Gilbert and Marshall island campaigns as well as operations off the Caroline Islands. Later in the war she fought in the Battle of Philippine Sea and later the Battle of Iwo Jima and participating in the Battle of Okinawa. In mid-1945, she sailed from the United States to Tinian Island carrying components of Little Boy and Fat Man, the two nuclear weapons which would later be used to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Sailing for Leyte unescorted under Captain Charles B. McVay III, she was sunk by on 30 July 1945, sinking in just 12 minutes.
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The 5th East Yorks would then relieve the 1st Dorsets on the high ground of Point 103, to keep the eastern (left) flank of the 50th (Northumbrian) Division level with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division and would then capture the high ground at Point 102, south of Cristot. The attack began at with the 6th Green Howards and the tanks of the 4/7th Dragoons but the (12th SS-Reconnaissance Battalion) had arrived around Cristot earlier in the day. At about during the advance through dense bocage towards Cristot, the tanks and the infantry became separated. The Germans let the unescorted British tanks pass by and then quickly knocked out seven of the nine tanks from the rear; by the 6th Green Howards advance had also been stopped outside Cristot.
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Monagas was travelling unescorted and unarmed from Maracaibo, Venezuela to Aruba while carrying a cargo of oil products when on 16 February 1942 at 10.28 am, she was hit in the engine room aft on the port side by a G7e torpedo from the German submarine U-502 in the Gulf of Venezuela west of Punta Macollawest. The ship came to a standstill and only slightly settled in the water by the stern. Because she didn't sink, the U-boat fired another torpedo at the ship 14 minutes after the first one as a Coup de grâce, hitting her again aft on the port side underneath the funnel. This attack broke the ships back which set her ablaze and made her develop a heavy list, but still didn't sink her.
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Uniwaleco was travelling unescorted from Curaçao to Freetown with a stopover in Trinidad while carrying a cargo of 8800 tons of fuel oil when on 7 March 1942 at 17.59 pm, she was hit by one of two torpedoes from the German submarine U-161 in the Caribbean Sea west of the Saint Vincent Passage. The damaged ship became uncontrollable and settled in the water while sailing in circles, but she did not sink. The U-boat fired a coup de grâce at Uniwaleco 15 minutes after the first attack and hit her in the aft of the ship which broke her in two and sank her within three minutes. The sinking took the lives of 18 crewmen with the 33 survivors taking to a lifeboat and landing on St. Vincent.
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Rye, wanting to move forward to observe the assault better, rode on a horse towards the redoubt. Riding unescorted, his horse was killed, and he went by foot to the 'Marcussen' battery where he got another one. Riding north of the Treldeskansen with a company from the 4th Reserve Battalion, his new horse was shot. Around 03:00, as he was leading his men from the front as he always did, he was shot in the thigh and in the lower abdomen, and died from his wounds a short time after. The fighting at the Treldeskansen had turned into a stalemate, but the reinforcement of the Danish troops with the 8th Battalion from Moltke's Brigade and the half-battery 'Tillisch' led to the capture of the redoubt, along with 300 prisoners, by 04:00.
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The SA-15 class freighters are designed to break level ice up to one metre () in thickness with a snow layer of in continuous motion without icebreaker assistance and operate in all prevailing ice conditions encountered in the arctic regions such as ridges and compressive ice. Designed for year-round operation in the North Sea Route, the freighters were intended to operate unescorted during the summer navigation period and, if necessary, with assistance from Arktika-class icebreakers in the more severe ice conditions during winter. The ships are equipped with a stern notch, similar to the towing notches found in icebreakers, to allow safe pushing assistance from an icebreaker. The ships were the first freighters in ten years to be built to the highest Soviet ice class notation available for merchant ships, ULA.
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No logs exist for Aramis activities over the next four months, but extant message traffic reveals that she was detached from the 3rd Naval District on 18 September for use as a division commander's flagship and was directed to proceed to Base Two (Yorktown, Virginia) and report to the Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet. However, Aramis chronic engine trouble delayed her departure until 6 October 1918, when the yacht finally sailed unescorted. What followed for the next month and a half—during which the armistice brought World War I to an end—is not certain; but, on 22 November 1918, Rear Admiral Thomas Washington, Commander, Battleship Division 3, Atlantic Fleet, assumed command of his division and broke his flag in Aramis. Unfortunately, Aramis history of engine trouble again proved her undoing.
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The Ki-21-Ia was used in combat in the war with China by the 60th Sentai from autumn 1938, carrying out long-range unescorted bombing missions in conjunction with the BR.20 equipped 12th and 98th Sentais. The Ki-21 proved to be more successful than the BR.20, having a longer range and being more robust and reliable. Two more Sentais, the 58th and 61st deployed to Manchuria in the summer of 1939 for operations against China, with aircraft from the 61st also being heavily used against Russian and Mongolian Forces during the Nomonhan Incident in June–July 1939. Losses were high during early combat operations, with weaknesses including a lack of armament and self-sealing fuel tanks, while the aircraft's oxygen system also proved unreliable.
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In October, the submarines Parthian and Clyde from Gibraltar and Rorqual, in two trips from Beirut in the eastern Mediterranean, carried aircraft fuel, food, oils and torpedoes to Malta; Operation Train delivered 27 Supermarine Spitfire fighters to Malta (28–30 October). From 1 to 3 November, Parthian and Clyde delivered more stores and two attempts were made to get unescorted ships to Malta by ruse. Empire Patrol departed Alexandria on 1 November, loaded with fuel and food, escorted by to destroyers, to be disguised as a Turkish ship when east of Cyprus, then under an Italian flag when heading for Malta. Around noon on 2 November, when sailing alone, a Dornier Do 217 bomber circled the ship, a submarine periscope was seen and the commander ordered a return to Famagusta.
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Many countries have issued travel warnings to their citizens wishing to visit Papua New Guinea, due to its high level of violent crime, slow police response times and poor human rights record. Foreign nationals in Papua New Guinea have become tempting targets to criminals, especially those visiting from wealthier countries are more likely to become victims of violence and crime. Lone foreign females are usually advised not to travel unescorted in Port Moresby and in parts of the Highlands region due to the high risks of unwanted harassment and sexual assault. Travelers are usually advised by their origin countries to seek up-to-date information about the current situation before traveling and to only travel with qualified and experienced tour operators with extensive knowledge of Papua New Guinea and its local customs.
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Mormacsun was launched on 28 August 1940 by Moore Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Oakland, California sponsored by Miss Carlotta S. Chapman. She was delivered to Moore-McCormack Lines in May 1941 and placed under the War Shipping Administration on 20 December 1941 at San Francisco allocated to operate under U.S. Army charter by Moore-McCormack. The new ship, with 67 crated P-40s—more aircraft than the larger could transport, was one of six ships involved in delivery of vitally needed pursuit aircraft intended for the Philippines and diverted to Australia during early February 1942. Mormacsun departed San Francisco unescorted on 26 December 1941 loaded with aircraft, ammunition and bombs, including 9.2 million .30 caliber rounds, almost 16,500 81 mm mortar rounds, 2,952 300-pound and 13,855 100-pound bombs.
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At 16:50 hours on 31 January 1942, north of the Azores U-333 attacked an unescorted and zigzagging 5,083-ton merchant ship with a single torpedo, which promptly sent out a distress signal en clair under the name '. Cremer examined the ship from a distance of before U-333 torpedoed the ship again at 18:33, and sank her. Unfortunately, she was in fact the German blockade runner Spreewald, en route from Dairen in Manchuria to Bordeaux with a cargo of 3,365 tons of rubber, 230 tons of tin, 20 tons of tungsten, and quinine, as well as 86 prisoners from ships that had been sunk by the auxiliary cruiser . Cremer failed to identify her, as she was camouflaged as the Norwegian ship Elg and was ahead of schedule.
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On 15 December 1914 the German battlecruiser squadron under the command of Franz von Hipper set out on an attack on the British east coast towns of Scarborough, Hartlepool, West Hartlepool and Whitby, with the intent of drawing out parts of the British Grand Fleet where it could be defeated in detail. The 9th Torpedo Boat Flotilla, including V26 was part of the escort for Hipper's heavy ships. On 14 January 1915, the cruisers and , escorted by the 9th Torpedo boat Flotilla, including V26, set out to lay a minefield off the Humber. The weather was extremely poor, with the torpedo-boats struggling in the heavy seas, and after V26 collided with V25 causing minor damage, the torpedo boats turned back, leaving the two cruisers to carry on unescorted.
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After delivering components for the atomic bombs that were eventually used against Japan, to the island of Tinian the heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis was steaming, unescorted, to Leyte for training of new crew members in advance of the planned attack on the Japanese home islands, when it was hit by two torpedoes shortly after midnight on 30 July, 1945. The ship listed, took on water and capsized within twelve minutes, with a third of the crew going down with the ship. As a result of error, no distress signal had been broadcast, and the ship was not noticed as missing for days after the sinking. Some 900 survivors, many in only life jackets and without other flotation, faced fatigue, dehydration under the daylight sun and hypothermia at night, salt-water poisoning, and shark attacks.
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Eric Hammel, Pacifica Military History, 2010, Air War Europa: Chronology: America's Air War Against Germany In Europe and North Africa, 1942 - 1945, p. 48 The second American attack took place over a year later, on 1 August 1943. Code-named Operation Tidal Wave, it consisted in a large-scale air raid over the Romanian oil refineries at Ploiești by 178 unescorted Liberators. Over 50 of the American bombers were shot down by the German and Romanian defenses, the Royal Romanian Air Force claiming 20 American aircraft while losing only 2 fighters.Spencer C. Tucker, ABC-CLIO, 2016, World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes], p. 1421 After the two previous isolated attacks, a proper bombing campaign was carried out against Romania between 4 April and 19 August 1944.
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Mizar was then modified with more berthing and more 20 mm AA guns before departing from Norfolk, Virginia, 10 June 1942 with task force TF 39, carrying some of the 1st US Marine Division who were to take part in the invasion of the Solomon Islands. The force transited the Panama Canal on its month-long voyage to Wellington, New Zealand. Continuing in the southwest Pacific as part of Service Force, US 7th Fleet, she operated initially from Australian ports supporting the successful Australian and American campaign to stop the Japanese on New Guinea. Mizar made seven unescorted voyages to San Francisco, California, between 12 October 1942 and 9 February 1945 to get fresh meat, fruit, vegetables, dairy products and eggs to supply advanced bases and combatant ships.
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It became the 484th Bombardment Group, Heavy again in November 1944 and operated primarily as a strategic bombardment organization, April 1944 – April 1945. The 484th attacked such targets as oil refineries, oil storage plants, aircraft factories, heavy industry, and communications in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. On 13 June 1944 a heavy smoke screen prevented the group from bombing railroad marshalling yards at Munich; however, in spite of severe damage to its aircraft from flak and interceptor aircraft, and despite heavy gunfire encountered at the alternate target the group bombed the marshalling yards at Innsbruck and received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for its persistent action. The 484th received a second DUC for its performance on 22 August 1944 when, unescorted, the organization fought its way through intense opposition to attack underground oil storage installations in Vienna, Austria.
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In January 1797 the convoy had been attacked by the French squadron in the East Indies, comprising six frigates commanded by Contre-amiral Pierre César Charles de Sercey. In the ensuing Bali Strait Incident the commander deceived Sercey into believing that the unescorted convoy contained disguised ships of the line and the French admiral retreated, only learning of his error on his return to Île de France. There was considerable concern in India that Sercey might try again in 1798, or that the Spanish, who maintained a powerful squadron at Cavite, might make an attempt of their own. Rainier's initial impulse on learning in November 1796 of the impending declaration of war between Britain and Spain was to draw up plans for a major invasion of the Philippines, centred on Manila in repetition of the successful British capture of Manila in 1762.
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Thomas McKean had set out on her maiden voyage from Philadelphia, in June 1942, for Bandar Shapur, Iran, with of Lend-Lease war supplies, that included tanks, food, and 11 aircraft. At 13:55, on the afternoon of 29 June 1942, while steaming unescorted in a zigzag course at , Thomas McKean was struck by two torpedoes fired from the , at , about northeast of Puerto Rico. One of the torpedoes struck aft of hold #5, destroying the stern /50 caliber gun and killing three Armed guards. The captain, Mellin Edwin Respess, ordered the crew of eight officers, 31 crewmen, 17 Armed guards, and four passengers were forced to abandon ship in the four lifeboats. U-505 surfaced about 20 minutes later and fired 72 rounds into Thomas McKean with her deck gun, setting her on fire and sinking her at 15:22.
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The second patrol was more eventful, as the boat rounded Florida at the end of April 1942, taking full advantage of the lit-up settlements on the shoreline to pick and choose her targets amongst the unescorted shipping which bottlenecked between Cuba and the Floridan peninsula. Here she sank four large cargo ships in three days before following the coastline along Western Florida and Alabama, where in three more days she sank four more large unprotected ships, making full use of the failure of the local authorities to enforce either convoy regulations or the blackout. On 6 May she sank the about 45 miles south-southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River. On the 12 May she sank the 10,000 ton SS Virginia in the mouth of the Mississippi, killing 26 sailors in an audacious attack which shocked the American authorities.
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The submariners were from three Royal Netherlands Navy submarines: HNLMS K IX and , both of which had been transferred to the Royal Australian Navy; and , which had been scuttled in the Dutch East Indies to prevent her capture by invading Japanese forces. They were travelling to take over a U-class submarine that Vickers-Armstrongs was building at Barrow-in-Furness and was intended to be launched as HNLMS Haai. Abosso sailed alone and unescorted, despite having a top speed of only . A commander of the Dutch submariners, Luitenant ter zee der 1e klasse Henry Coumou, objected beforehand that this was an unreasonable risk to take, but British authorities overruled him. At 22:13 on Thursday 29 October 1942 Abosso was in the Atlantic about north of the Azores when , commanded by Kapitänleutnant Günther Heydemann, fired a spread of four torpedoes at her.
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The City of New York came to Green for loans to keep the city afloat on several occasions, most particularly during the Panic of 1907; she wrote a check for $1.1 million and took her payment in short-term revenue bonds. Keenly detail-oriented, she would travel thousands of miles alone—in an era when few women would dare travel unescorted—to collect a debt of a few hundred dollars. Green entered the lexicon of turn-of-the-century America with the popular phrase "I'm not Hetty if I do look green." O. Henry used this phrase in his 1890s story "The Skylight Room" when a young woman, negotiating the rent on a room in a rooming house owned by an imperious old lady, wishes to make it clear she is neither as rich as she appears nor as naive.
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The pas d'armes' or passage of arms was a type of chivalric hastilude that evolved in the late 14th century and remained popular through the 15th century. It involved a knight or group of knights (tenans or "holders") who would stake out a traveled spot, such as a bridge or city gate, and let it be known that any other knight who wished to pass (venans or "comers") must first fight, or be disgraced. If a traveling venan did not have weapons or horse to meet the challenge, one might be provided, and if the venan chose not to fight, he would leave his spurs behind as a sign of humiliation. If a lady passed unescorted, she would leave behind a glove or scarf, to be rescued and returned to her by a future knight who passed that way.
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In 1942, again commanded by Erich Topp (who would later become an admiral in the post-war Bundesmarine), U-552 participated in the "Second Happy Time" (Operation Drumbeat or Paukenschlag), during which German submarines had great success against unescorted American merchantmen sailing alone along the eastern seaboard of the US. U-552 was particularly successful during this period, sinking 13 ships and damaging another in just three patrols in the first six months of 1942. Two further patrols under Topp during the summer netted four more ships. However, in an attack against Convoy ON-155 on 3 August 1942, the boat was nearly sunk when she was caught on the surface by the Canadian corvette . The corvette machine-gunned the submarine and hit the conning tower with a four-inch shell, causing severe damage and forcing Topp to return to base for repairs.
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One of them, Lemuel Burrows, was close enough to land when she was sunk that the second engineer, who survived, reported that "the lights of a New Jersey beach resort doomed his vessel and that they would continue [the German U-boats] to cause daily torpedoings until a blackout is ordered along the coast." This situation was repeated many times due to American unpreparedness so soon after that country's entry into the war.Gannon, Michael - Operation Drumbeat - the dramatic true story of Germany's first U-boat attacks along the American coast in World War II, Harper and Row publishers, Another was the unescorted sailing from Baltimore, Maryland, bound for the UK via Halifax, Nova Scotia with a cargo of 4,000 tons of alcohol and 7,000 tons of aviation spirit. She was northwest of Cape Charles, Virginia when torpedoed by U-404 on 17 March.
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At age 34, Army Air Force pilot Major Robert Lee Scott Jr. (Dennis Morgan) is considered too old to fly in combat, but he is recruited and volunteers to fly in a secret bombing mission from the Philippines against Tokyo, the Japanese capital. When the mission is cancelled after his arrival in India because of the fall of the Philippines, Scott is promoted to Colonel and assigned to fly transport aircraft. He flies dangerous, unescorted missions over The Hump from Burma to China in order to supply aviation gasoline and other much-needed supplies to the three squadrons of the American Volunteer Group, the Flying Tigers. Over time, Scott persuades General Claire Chennault (Raymond Massey), the commander of the Flying Tigers, to let him fly with his experienced airmen, like "Tex" Hill (John Ridgely), who have been fighting the Japanese as mercenaries while technically being members of the Chinese Air Force.
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Operation FB (29 October – 9 November 1942) took place as part of the Arctic Convoys of World War II. The operation consisted of independent sailings by unescorted merchant ships between Iceland and Murmansk. In late 1942, Allies had taken the offensive against Germany but the dispatch of supplies to the USSR by convoy via the Arctic route was suspended, due to the demands of the Mediterranean campaign. Convoy PQ 19 was cancelled because the Home Fleet diverted ships to the Mediterranean for Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942) which would have had to be postponed for three weeks had ships been provided for PQ 19. Discussions between the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt led to ships being dispatched independently to Russia from Iceland as a substitute for PQ 19, using the long, Arctic, winter night for concealment.
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On June 16, 1943, Sarnoski, normally a bombardier, volunteered to fly as one of the crew of B-17E, AAF Ser. No. 41-2666, Old 666 on an unescorted mission to Buka, a small island off the north coast of Bougainville, a 1200-mile round-trip mission, to photograph Japanese installations and map the west coast of Bougainville as far south as Empress Augusta Bay in preparation for Allied landings scheduled for early November 1943 in World War II. Apparently unbeknownst to Allied intelligence, the Japanese had moved about 400 fighters into the Solomon Islands on June 15. The photo reconnaissance mission was without incident, although the B-17's crew reported observing 20 fighters taking off from Buka airfield. The bomber continued south to the mapping run and shortly before its completion, the B-17 was intercepted by five Japanese fighters attacking from the front.
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During the U.S. and Australian Armies' Lae campaign, the Fourth Air Army moved a large number of aircraft out of range of Allied fighters, to a cluster of airfields near Wewak, some 400 miles (650 km) west of the Huon Peninsula. Escort fighters did not have the range to reach Wewak from existing Allied air bases, and the Allies considered large-scale, long- range raids by unescorted heavy bombers to be at risk of heavy losses. The Allied air commander in the South West Pacific Area, Major General George Kenney, devised a plan for a major attack on Wewak.Col. John A. Warden III, 1988, The Air Campaign Planning for Combat, Ch. 2 "Offense or Defense – the Chess Game" (National Defense University Press, Washington, D.C. Allied personnel started construction of two dummy airfields, relatively close to Japanese infantry positions on the Huon Peninsula, north of Lae.
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U-178 sailed from Kiel on 8 September 1942 into the Atlantic, passing north of Scotland and then turned south. She made her first kill on 10 October, putting three torpedoes into the unescorted passenger ship Duchess of Atholl, a Canadian Pacific Steamship Co. liner chartered as a troop transport, about ENE of Ascension Island in the South Atlantic. The vessel sank slowly and only five crew members were lost. The master, 267 crew members, 25 gunners and all 534 passengers were later rescued by a British vessel. U-178 then sailed around the Cape of Good Hope into the Indian Ocean south and east of South Africa, sinking the British troopship Mendoza on 1 November, killing the master, 19 crew members, three gunners and three passengers, while 127 of the crew, three gunners and 250 passengers were later picked up by a South African patrol ship and an American merchantman.
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Her third patrol was even more controversial, as a fruitless passage across the Atlantic brought her to the Brazilian coast in mid-August 1942. There she searched for Allied shipping hugging the coastline in Brazilian territorial waters heading for North America. Here she again saw unescorted ships and a lit coastline, and Schacht made the inexplicable decision to attack without first ascertaining the nationalities of her targets. The first was the Brazilian SS Baependy on 16 August, which was torpedoed and sunk with 270 civilian lives. A few hours later the SS Araraquara was sunk, killing 131 people, followed by the SS Annibal Benevolo, on which 150 civilians drowned. The next day the slaughter continued, the SS Itagiba sunk within sight of the city of Valença, killing 36, and the SS Arara similarly sunk with 20 deaths as she picked up the survivors of the Itagiba.
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From there she sailed unescorted to the Clyde, where she arrived on 27 July. Records of Duchess of Atholls movements between August and October 1941 records are incomplete. On 30 October she sailed from the Clyde carrying 3,128 troops in Convoy CT 5 to Halifax and on 13 November she left Halifax carrying 2,218 troops in Convoy TC 15 to the Clyde. Duchess of Atholls next voyage was from Scotland to South Africa. She left the Clyde on 8 December with Convoy WS 14 but developed defects and had to turn back. She reached Durban in January, spent a few days in port and then sailed on 21 January for Trinidad, where she arrived on 5 February. She then sailed via Bermuda to New York, where she arrived on 15 February. On 19 February 1942 Duchess of Atholl left New York with Convoy AT 12.
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In late March 1942 Hezlet was given command of HMS Trident, the boat in which he had been First Lieutenant at the beginning of the war, with Ian McGeoch as his first lieutenant. After brief exercises in the Clyde, Trident embarked on her first patrol under Hezlet's command to Norwegian waters, off Trondheim. Hezlet later recalled that his instructions were not to fire at anything but Tirpitz, which had arrived at Trondheim on 13 March 1942, and that he consequently had a frustrating time watching hundreds of thousands of tonnes of unescorted shipping plying the coastal waters. That appears potentially open to doubt because patrol reports appear to indicate that Hezlet made two attacks against merchant ships during that patrol, one unsuccessful but the latter, on 20 April 1942, resulting in his sinking of the German merchant ship Hödur, which he hit with two out of three torpedoes fired.
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Christmas 1353 he followed his brother Charles to Paris where they intended to pick a quarrel. On arrival they exchanged insults with Charles de la Cerda (also known as Charles of Spain), the Constable of France, in the king's presence, Philip even going so far a drawing his dagger. Two weeks later Charles de la Cerda was travelling unescorted through Normandy when on 7 January 1354 Philip with a band of Norman and Navarrese followers including John, Count of Harcourt, the Bascon de Mareuil and Rabigot Dury, came to the village of l'Aigle and inn where Charles was spending the night. After surrounding the inn Philip stormed into Charles bedroom saying “Charles of Spain, I am Philip, son of a King, whom you have foully slandered.” According to one account Charles begged for his life and promised to leave France forever, but the Bascon de Mareuil and Rabigot Dury fell upon him with four other troopers and stabbed him to death.
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Her voyages in and near European and Mediterranean waters were mostly in convoys, but her movements in or near South American waters were mostly independent and unescorted. For the first trip she was in Buenos Aires 17–25 April, called at Freetown, Sierra Leone 9–11 May and then spent a fortnight on convoys in the Mediterranean calling at Gibraltar, Algiers, Malta, Augusta and Taranto, and returning via Casablanca to Buenos Aires, where she was in port 3–22 August. She then took her second cargo of Argentinian frozen meat from via Freetown to England, arriving at the end of September. For her third cargo she was in Buenos Aires from 16 November to 4 December and took it via Gibraltar to Haifa, where she was in port 4–8 January 1945. In 1945 Empire Strength returned to Australia, sailing from Haifa via the Suez Canal, Port Sudan and Aden and reaching Fremantle on 13 February.
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Georgic then left Bombay for the UK on 20 January 1943, arriving at Liverpool on 1 March, having completed the entire journey unescorted at an average speed of . A survey of the ship was then carried out by the Admiralty and the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT), and a decision was made to send the ship back to Harland and Wolff in Belfast to be completely rebuilt into a troopship. During the rebuild, over 5,000 tons of fire gutted steel were removed from Georgic, and her upper decks and superstructure were completely rebuilt, she emerged from her rebuild after 19 months in December 1944 with a considerably changed appearance: Her forward funnel and mainmast were removed, and the foremast shortened to a stump. Following the rebuild, Georgic became a government owned ship, with her ownership transferred to the Ministry of War Transport, Cunard-White Star (later called just Cunard from 1949) managed the ship on their behalf.
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In the same year he was arrested there by the British and deported to England. For further internment in Canada (due to British fear of the German Invasion) he was on the Arandora Star, that was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine boat "U-47" with captain Günther Prien on July 2, 1940 at 6.58 A.M. Kittel survived in the icy waters until saved by the Canadian destroyer St. Laurent at around 4 P.M. He was returned to England and almost immediately after this harrowing experience placed on HMT Dunera, this time for deportation to Australia. Before reaching Capetown there was a mutiny on board which Kittel helped to put down. According to his second wife Ingeborg Kittel née Gerlach (1921-2018) he was disembarked at Capetown and returned to England on a civilian boat and in a first class cabin, unescorted and on his word of honour, in order to be able to testify at the inevitable courts martial.
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That same day, three Battles were engaged by German fighters, resulting in two Battles being lost. During the winter of 1939–1940, the Advanced Air Striking Force underwent restructuring; some of the Battle-equipped squadrons were returned to the UK while their place was taken by Bristol Blenheim-equipped squadrons instead. The activities of the Advanced Air Striking Force were principally restricted to training exercises during this time. Upon the commencement of the Battle of France in May 1940, Battles were called upon to perform unescorted, low-level tactical attacks against the advancing German army; this use of the type placed the aircraft at risk of attack from Luftwaffe fighters and within easy range of light anti-aircraft guns. In the first of two sorties carried out by Battles on 10 May 1940, three out of eight aircraft were lost, while a further 10 out of 24 were shot down in the second sortie, giving a total of 13 lost in that day's attacks, with the remainder suffering damage.
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The Quail Motorcycle Gathering is a motorcycle rally and Concours d'Elegance held annually since 2009 at Carmel, California. Quail participants show bikes, and 100 of them ride the California Highway Patrol motor unit escorted 112 mile Quail Ride around Carmel Valley, which includes three fast laps on the track at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. This event evolved from "Legends of the Motorcycle" which had been held at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Half Moon Bay, CA for a run of three previous years (2006-2008). The location was changed by organizer Gordon McCall to the Quail Lodge and Golf Club, and is run by Peninsula Events. The Quail Ride is held the Friday before the Saturday show date in May, and there is also another ride on show morning called the Cycle World Tour, a fifty-mile organized but unescorted ride that includes a buffet breakfast along the ocean waterfront in Pacific Grove, CA. The 2011 3rd Annual event, attended by 1500, showed over 250 classic motorcycles (150 being judged).
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At higher level in the RAF it was felt that the effects on the war by damage that could be inflicted by the bombers would be minimal; the commanders of Bomber and Fighter Commands held a conference that agreed that the purpose of a Circus was to force German fighters into combat in circumstances that favoured the British and to that end the bombers had to do enough damage that the could not ignore the attacks. Prior to Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the USSR, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal the Chief of the Air Staff directed Fighter and Bomber Commands to find a way to keep German fighters in western Europe rather than reinforce the in eastern Europe. The resulting policy was to make Circus operations against industrial targets in the region of Bethune, Lille in north-east France; this might draw German fighter defences towards the area leaving the defences on the flanks weaker for unescorted bombers to make daylight attacks on Germany. At the same time night bombing operations would be made against the Ruhr industrial region.
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U-176 departed Lorient on 9 November 1942 and headed into the south Atlantic. On 27 November she sank the 5,922 ton Dutch merchant ship Polydorus after a 50-hour pursuit, the longest recorded by any U-boat in the Second World War. Off Cape São Roque, Brazil, on 13 December 1942 the crew of U-176 boarded the 1,629 ton Swedish cargo ship Scania, and sank her with scuttling charges after the crew had abandoned ship. On 16 December she sank the unescorted 5,881 ton British cargo ship Observer with two torpedoes. Prior to the sinking of Scania, a young seaman, Gottfrid Sundberg, surreptitiously photographed U-176 from Scania.Gottfrid Sundbergs upplevelser under andra världskriget, Alandska sjoman under andra varldskriget, Mariehamn 1999, p. 100-102. Lindstrom, B., Nar m/s Scania sanktes av U-176, Rospiggen 2009, Bromma 2008, p. 67-86. ISSN 0349-0157Lindstrom, B., Nar m/s Scania sanktes av U-176, fotografen bakom bilderna av u-baten trader fram, Rospiggen 2010, Bromma 2009, p. 104-113.
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The documentary opens by depicting Norma Khouri, author of the book Forbidden Love, which is purportedly the true story of "Dalia" - a young Muslim woman in Jordan murdered by her family in an honor killing because of her affair with a Christian soldier - as a woman bravely exposing a brutal and true story. Her account is then challenged by multiple people, including Jordanian women Rana Husseini, a journalist for The Jordan Times and an expert in honor killings in Jordan; Dr. Amal A. Sabbagh, a member of the National Committee for Women in Jordan; and Australian journalist Malcolm Knox. Khouri's critics first take issue with her representations of Muslim women as victims with no control over their lives as being assumptive, unbased, and insulting to Arab Muslim women. The book is then challenged on the basis that many 'facts' in Khouri's story were asserted to be incorrect or unfounded, including statements about geography (such as the run of the Jordan River through Amman, and the countries bordering Jordan) and restrictions requiring women to wear the hijab and have a male escort when they travel outside the home (contrary to depictions of women walking unescorted and uncovered).
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Cameronia was bound for Glasgow. She made eleven unescorted round trips from Glasgow – New York in the period to December 1940, when she was requisitioned for use as a troopship. On 29 January 1941, Cameronia joined Convoy WS 5B at Freetown, Sierra Leone, sailing with the convoy to the Suez Canal, where she arrived on 3 March. Cameronia was a member of Convoy GA 10, which arrived at Alexandria, Egypt on 6 April 1941. On 23 March 1942, Cameronia departed the United Kingdom as a member of Convoy WS17, bound for Freetown. She departed Freetown on 11 April as part of Convoy WS17B bound for Cape Town, South Africa, arriving on 23 April. On 27 April, Cameronia departed Cape Town as part of Convoy WS 17 bound for Mombasa, Kenya, where she arrived on 8 May. On 10 May Cameronia departed Mombasa as part of Convoy WS 17BZ, arriving at Bombay, India on 19 May. On 29–30 May 1941 in company with the Glen Line's Glengyle 6,000 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders were evacuated from Sphakia at the end of the Battle of Crete.
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Consequently, despite General Henry H. Arnold's claim that the Black Thursday "loss of 60 [downed/ditched] American bombers in the Schweinfurt raid was incidental", unescorted daylight bomber raids deep into Germany were suspended until the February 1944 Big Week missions with P-51B Mustang escorts that included additional Schweinfurt day/night USAAF/RAF bombing on the 24th. Another example of the strategy of using heavy bombers against a particular wartime resource, the Oil Campaign of World War II was essentially started by the RAF Bomber Command as early as August 1941 — two months after Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union, and six months before the United States entered the war. It went forward relentlessly from that time with the USAAF joining in on the efforts by late June 1943 during daylight. The Oil Campaign had its priority diminished from time to time with important events, such as the lead- up to Operation Overlord, which by June 1944 demanded heavy bomber support for a time, but soon thereafter the relentless attacks by day and night resumed, starving the entire German Wehrmacht military of fuel and lubricants from the autumn of 1944 onwards.
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Although there is no separate terminal building for general aviation aircraft a pseudo- terminal is operated within the Marine Air Terminal (Terminal A), which is currently run by Sheltair Aviation providing full FBO services to private and charter aircraft owners-pilots including 100LL and Jet A fueling, computerized weather and flight planning as well as pilot and passenger lounges. To access the General Aviation terminal an on-airport tenant must possess a SIDA (Security Identification Display Area) badge for unescorted access, transient aircraft owners-pilots and passengers must be escorted at all times into and out of the GA Terminal and to the ramp and hangar areas by the FBO staff. Following the events of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 the Federal Aviation Administration changed the rules for the landing and departure of general aviation aircraft at LaGuardia. Pilots operating a non- scheduled IFR flight are now required to make a reservation via the FAA's e-CVRSFederal Aviation Administration e-CVRS system system no more than 72 hours prior to the flight's arrival or departure while public charter flights may make a reservation up to six months prior.
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The Bf 109 was the backbone of the day Jagdwaffe (fighter force) throughout the war. Unlike the Germans, prior to the war the RAF and the USAAF (under the command of General Henry H. Arnold), developed strategic bomber forces. From 1942 onwards their bombers penetrated deep into Reich's territory in increasing numbers. This forced the Luftwaffe to substantially increase the fighter allocation to the Western Front in 1943, which in the Allied intelligence estimate, accounted for 60% of the total, with the Russian Front allocated 22% and the Mediterranean Front 18% of its fighters.p.196, Kreis, John F., (ed), Piercing the fog: Intelligence and Army Air Forces Operations in World War II, Air Force History and Museums Program, Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C., 1996 The British had tried to convince the Americans that daylight bombing could not be accomplished as Allied fighters lacked the range to escort bombers to and from the target. Initially the British were to be proved right, as by the end of 1943 losses nearly halted daylight raids. The USAAF maintained an unescorted daylight bombing campaign of industrial targets until October 1943, when it lost 120 bombers in two raids on Regensburg and Schweinfurt.
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They were moderately successful against unescorted bombers through 1943, with a considerable number of kills against USAAF day bomber formations being achieved. However, the Me 410 was no match in a dogfight with the lighter Allied single-engine fighters such as the North American P-51 Mustang and Supermarine Spitfire. In early 1944, the Me 410 formations encountered swarms of Allied fighters protecting the bomber streams, usually flying far ahead of the combat box formations as an air supremacy move in clearing the skies of any Luftwaffe opposition, resulting in the Me 410's previous successes against escorted bombers now often being offset by their losses. An example of this — as part of a campaign started two days earlier by the USAAF — was on 6 March 1944 during an attack on Berlin by 750 8th AF heavy bombers, when 16 Me 410s were shot down in return for eight B-17s and four P-51s (which were destroyed by Bf 109 and Fw 190 fighters escorting the Me 410s). The following month on 11 April, with 8th AF raids hitting Sorau, Rostock and Oschersleben, II./ZG 26's Me 410s accounted for a rare clear success, initially bringing down 10 B-17s without any losses.
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