It also covers supranational financial guarantors (SFGs) when their rating is support-driven, with their standalone rating assessed through Fitch's insurance criteria, and supranational administrative bodies (SABs).
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Supranational discipline is up against the will of the people.
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Europe's supranational bodies are not simply talking-shops or bloated bureaucracies.
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Unlike the EU, though, the EEA is purely intergovernmental, not supranational.
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There will be consequently no space for supranational institutions, foreigners and solidarity.
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National and supranational funding bodies are backing increasingly ambitious quantum-technology efforts.
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Abiding by supranational trade and economic rules means a relinquishment of some sovereignty.
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The proposal was supranational in nature, involving common institutions, budget and military equipment.
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But much more has to be done with regard to this supranational approach.
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Latin American governments do not want to cede sovereignty to a supranational body.
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But they have more in common than distaste for international or supranational institutions.
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Seager was head of the bank's sovereign, supranational and agency debt capital markets business.
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If the outstanding amount is considered too low, the Eurosystem starts buying supranational bonds.
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Arab states could do with more supranational integration to open markets and spur growth.
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It borrowed 62.4 billion euros in 2015, making it the world's biggest supranational borrower.
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We have a supranational European Parliament, but we can vote only for national parties.
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The supranational lender is, at least, likely to be fairly lenient on budget targets.
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Second, by design, the ECB has been set up as a genuinely independent supranational institution.
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But over the past decade it has become a supranational supreme court for human rights.
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There will be nationalist and nativist reactions against the supranational apparent across the world today.
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He hates the supranational DNA of the G20 and they abhor his divisive America First rhetoric.
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These so-called 'supranational' bonds can be from institutions without any ties to the particular country.
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The Triple A rated supranational agency has previously sold bonds in Singapore dollars to institutional investors.
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Steven Jallport, Deutsche Bank's head of sovereign, supranational and agency origination, will now report to Diamond.
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UBS shocked the market back in 2012 when it shut its sovereign, supranational and agency business.
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Their distrust of alliances and supranational governance is couched in criticism of a distant, controlling Brussels.
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Privately, Trump administration officials have emphasized that they prefer bilateral relations to dealing with supranational bodies.
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The rest of the bonds are corporate debt, supranational bonds, covered bonds and asset backed securities.
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Even the French understood that the British were a powerful addition to this extraordinary supranational entity.
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European courts, both national and supranational, are examining whether American regulation measures up to that in Europe.
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It can choose integration and the nation-state but give up democratic control to technocratic, supranational institutions.
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It can choose integration and democracy, but give up the nation-state and disappear into supranational government.
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He cited Britain's decision to quit the European Union as a sign supranational organizations were not working.
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Global warming, terrorism, globalized markets, mass migration, militarized geopolitics and the digital revolution all require supranational attention.
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One of its few supranational remits: a free trade zone that they believe would function without integration.
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No, it is much better than that by virtue of the ECB's supranational institutional and operational structure.
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There is already such a supranational entity in Washington D.C. that has been around for 28500 years.
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It is not a supranational police force and has no agents who are allowed to make arrests.
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But as Zweig acknowledged, a supranational club can never command the affection of citizens as a nation can.
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Yet so far only the supranational EU parliament has managed to secure a public meeting with Facebook's CEO.
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Similarly, the supranational organization would be the first stop for member countries facing financial upheaval or political crisis.
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"We reject any supranational entity and are not participating in the creation of anything with Bannon," he said.
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Collective action is possible, even preferable, but sovereign nations remain the foundation of international relations, not supranational organizations.
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Ministers have since said that they could set up some supranational court to arbitrate on matters after Brexit.
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LONDON, Jan 2 (IFR) - Michele Montefiori, Eurofima's head of capital markets, has left the supranational, according to multiple sources.
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The monetary union is in the hands of the ECB – a supranational institution and a truly independent central bank.
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The rating reflects IIF's strategic importance, strong state and supranational shareholders and tight monitoring by Indonesia's Ministry of Finance.
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Regions' fates seem increasingly determined from afar, by supranational organisations like the EU or by fickle global financial markets.
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CRITERIA VARIATION ANALYSIS Fitch's analysis of EIF's shareholders' support capacity includes a variation from the agency's Supranational Rating Criteria.
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Interestingly, the Libra is not the first supranational currency to be proposed (see economist John Maynard Keynes' Bancor plan).
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Brussels is an easy target, especially for politicians like her seeking to blame domestic ills on some supranational agency.
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The world's legislatures -- the national and supranational -- will determine whether the fight against Earth's warming will be lost or won.
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In the jargon of Eurocrats, this threatened "intergovernmental" approach is the direct opposite of the "supranational" path favoured by federalists.
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And like the EU, the TPP seeks to establish a supranational entity where "people, goods and money" will flow freely.
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All too often, in recent years, liberal reforms have been imposed by judges, by central banks and by unaccountable supranational organisations.
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Jews, as the supranational people of the multi-ethnic state, readily became the target of every nationalist enemy of the empire.
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The European Parliament is a supranational institution with 751 elected members, called MEPs, drawn from the 28 European Union member states.
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Keith Price will lead the private side business, including syndicate for the sovereign, supranational, agency, covered bond and financial institutions businesses.
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The 20 countries that make up Latin America are moving rapidly toward agreement on forming a supranational political and economic union.
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LONDON, Aug 29 (IFR) - Sachin Shah has joined ING's debt capital markets origination team for sovereign, supranational and agency (SSA) issuers.
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Costa said, however, that the pace of buying did reduce over last year, when the bank had to buy more supranational debt.
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"This case concerns a brazen conspiracy to manipulate the market for U.S. dollar denominated supranational, sovereign, and agency bonds," the lawsuit claims.
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The choice that Scots are agonisingly facing is that of to which supranational union they should adhere, the UK or the EU?
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Rather, it suggests that common civic and moral principles, derived from the lessons of history, can provide a basis for supranational democracy.
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"None of the findings related to the quality of our ratings or the supranational methodology itself," Moody's European spokesman Daniel Piels said.
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Positive reforms at the supranational level are another story, especially in an era when neoliberalism is so deeply entrenched ideologically and institutionally.
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So far this year, only four sovereign, supranational or agency (SSA) issuers raising just NZ$1.3 billion ($910 million) from five trades.
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Support for a supranational organisation was highest in India (84 per cent), China (78 per cent) and South Africa (76 per cent).
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There is another much smaller group of highly rated borrowers that regularly issue debt in dollars as well as other currencies – supranational institutions.
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Fear subsided as European leaders moved grudgingly to create supranational stabilisation mechanisms, allowing the ECB to promise to support national bonds and banks.
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He had worked for Societe Generale's syndicate since September 2011, according to his LinkedIn profile, focusing on the sovereign, supranational and agency sector.
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LONDON, Dec 13 (IFR) - Morgan Stanley has bolstered its sovereign, supranational and agency debt capital markets business with three hires according to sources.
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More generous than Versailles and more practical than Kellogg-Briand, the Treaty of Paris has blossomed into a unique supranational form of government.
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Those arguments took place against the backdrop of a broader debate about how to apply U.S. law to a supranational network of computers.
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Fitch now references supranational support criteria as the basis for the assessment of the impact of such ownership on an insurance entity's rating.
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One will combine its sovereign, supranational, agency (SSA) and financial institutions (FIG) syndicate and will be led by Asif Sherani and Mark Pearce.
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Among the more high profile names put at risk is Greg Arkus, head of sovereign, supranational and agency debt capital markets and syndicate.
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We need a supranational authority to ensure that banks' anti-money laundering efforts are effective and that all banks are on the same level.
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Everyone loves us now that we've trashed the one supranational organization that has provided peace and prosperity in Europe for the last 70 years.
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In the aftermath of Watergate, when Congress began reining in the CIA, Khashoggi helped establish the supranational intelligence partnership known as the Safari Club.
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Richard Gustard, currently head of the bank's supranational and agency business, will expand his responsibilities to include European government bonds and sovereign derivatives trading.
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Despite this, there is undeniably a democratic deficit in the EU. It is supranational, but elections (including European ones) are fought on national issues.
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The European Union, the supranational body to which Croatia belongs, ratified it three years later, giving renewed momentum to disability rights on the continent.
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"It may be worth exploring the establishment of a truly European issuance service – at least for some supranational debt instruments," Mersch told a conference.
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Carney said a successful Brexit deal could lead to a new form of international trade built on a better balance between local and supranational interests.
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In Fitch's view, this criterion is more appropriate given the specific features of EIF, which is a supranational financial guarantor (SFG) and not a MDB.
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Similarly, taking corruption to a supranational level that must be addressed through international cooperation is not an abdication of sovereignty; it is a desirable change.
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The hierarchical structure of its supranational institutions will want to reinforce itself: Like all dying ideologies, the union knows only how to forge blindly ahead.
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If the EU were to endorse, or ignore the idea that people are better off governing themselves, the supranational case for European integration would collapse.
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This "Europe" is neither the "Europe of the fatherlands" favored by de Gaulle and others, nor the supranational entity that was associated with Jacques Delors.
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Another reason I feel hopeful has to do with the success of many recent supranational agreements — bilateral agreements between nations, regional agreements and world agreements.
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"We'll interpret it broadly speaking with a positive perspective," James McCormack, global head of Fitch's sovereign and supranational group, said in an interview on Monday.
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This has led to the rejection of multiculturalism, the expulsion of migrants and the dismantling of supranational institutions being considered reasonable, mainstream policies by some.
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In the European Union, supranational institution-building has both externalized borders and created new layers of international juridical authority within which restrictionist policies can be challenged.
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"The Capital" works mostly as a testament to the persistence of personal and nationalist ambitions rather than supranational ones, another bad omen for the poor E.U.
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But before Friedman died in 2006, he also came to see NAFTA as terrible deal and distrusted supranational institutions like the IMF and the United Nations.
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As a private bank, on-balance sheet credit exposures are limited and relate to an investment portfolio of highly liquid securities, largely sovereign and supranational debt.
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I propose an experiment to establish the equivalent of the Vatican City in Washington D.C., with a sovereign, supranational power and have it run by liberals.
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LONDON, July 12 (IFR) - Deutsche Bank has hired Ben Adubi to join its sovereign, supranational and agency syndicate team, according to two sources familiar with the matter.
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The current quantum-technology push is on a far grander scale, with multiple research efforts being funded by national governments and supranational bodies, sometimes for strategic reasons.
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After creating the European Coal and Steel Community, the embryo of today's European Union, the six founding members agreed in 1952 to form a supranational European force.
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They fear that the creation of new supranational arbitration courts to settle trade disputes may empower large global corporations at the expense of consumers and smaller firms.
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At the whim of a supranational European despot, England's metaphorical hurt will be made actual, and the team will be forced to fight Portugal to the death.
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The MIT-educated Italian maestro strictly followed the treaty mandate of a supranational institution he governed — and regularly informed the Europeans where he stood on that task.
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Like the Russian, he seems sure to prefer bilateral deals to messy supranational bodies and is likely to define America's national interest in narrowly military and commercial terms.
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He thought that nations were the building blocks of society and that attempts to subvert them, through supranational engineering or global flows of people, would end in disaster.
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The ECB could substitute German debt for bonds of supranational institutions or municipalities, but these markets lack the type of liquidity for the necessary volumes, the sources said.
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The European Central Bank (ECB) is a special case; being a supranational institution, it is not under the thumb of any member state government or particular interest groups.
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Presenting itself as a "supranational democratic movement," it says it empowers citizens around the world to mobilize on various international issues, such as human rights, corruption or poverty.
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LONDON, Aug 9 (IFR) - Royal Bank of Canada has hired Andrea Jelic to work in its sovereign, supranational and agency debt capital markets business according to market sources.
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"The Commission acted as a supranational tax authority even as a supernatural tax authority," he said, adding the EU executive did not have the remit to do so.
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Ulrich, a vice president who covers the sovereign, supranational and agency sector, is the second SSA banker to leave the French bank for the German bank in recent weeks.
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"These companies are hiding behind their supranational legal status to pass the parcel of responsibility and refusing to act responsibly in case they damage their brands," the report said.
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But EIB officials say the supranational is in a good position to weather any storm after front-loading much of its issuance in the first half of the year.
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LONDON, Aug 7 (IFR) - Raymond Seager, Bank of America Merrill Lynch's head of sovereign, supranational and agency debt capital markets, is retiring from the business, according to market sources.
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LONDON, Oct 5 (IFR) - Export Development Canada is selling the first floating-rate sterling benchmark this year from a Triple-A issuer in the sovereign, supranational and agency space.
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In our age, to many the rationale of relative prosperity and no war simply doesn't justify handing over precious national sovereignty to a supranational body far from capital cities.
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These deals expand intellectual property rights, increase patent protections and enable foreign companies to sue governments for alleged losses of potential profits in supranational courts through "investor-state dispute settlements".
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These deals expand intellectual property rights, increase patent protections and enable foreign companies to sue governments for alleged losses of potential profits in supranational courts through "investor state dispute settlements".
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"Those that wish to remain in the EU should make the positive case for the supranational European project rather than frightening people," former defense minister Liam Fox told the newspaper.
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It would no more think of transforming the North American Free Trade Agreement into an "American Union" with a supranational executive than apply to become a British colony once more.
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There was a hint of his later scepticism: he called for more compensation for workers who lose their jobs to foreign competition, and stricter trade rules at the supranational level.
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On a national and supranational level, the Competition Bureau encouraged the federal government to identify a clear and unified fintech policy lead for Canada with federal, provincial and territorial expertise.
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There is no rationale whatsoever why, from the point of view of international trade, how a country organises the testing of cancer drugs should be an issue for supranational regulation.
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The currency is firmly in the hands of the European Central Bank, a supranational institution that is, by design, the only truly and totally independent central bank in the world.
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Sincere or not, the message is at least supranational, in stark contrast to the protectionism and xenophobia displayed by President Trump and emerging nationalistic ideologies in Europe, India and elsewhere.
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LONDON, May 25 (IFR) - Bank of America Merrill Lynch has hired Raman Gangahar from Deutsche Bank's treasury to work on its sovereign, supranational and agency desk, according to market sources.
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In such poverty traps it is easy to misconstrue free-trade deals as giving supranational capital the right to trample over local legal systems, as well as environmental and labour standards.
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LONDON, March 20 (IFR) - Maryam Khosrowshahi has expanded her role at Deutsche Bank after being appointed chairperson of supranational, sovereign and agencies origination, according to an internal memo seen by IFR.
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Since the agencies have stressed the average weighted ratings in their approach to supranational borrowers, a British departure could weigh on the ratings of the EU and the EIB, analysts said.
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LONDON, Jan 26 (IFR) - NatWest Markets, the investment banking arm of Royal Bank of Scotland, has reinforced its sovereign, supranational and agency debt team with three hires, according to market participants.
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The United States isn't a member of any supranational organizations as powerful as the EU, but Donald Trump has nevertheless made skepticism about international organizations a key theme of his campaign.
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Although it is based in Moscow and has assets in Russia, the bank has been exempted from EU sanctions against Russia, demonstrating evidence of the privileges derived from its supranational status.
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The top two divisions of football could be supranational, Europe-wide leagues, in which the continent's best clubs could partake, but from which the laggards could be relegated down to domestic leagues.
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But even if, as many experts suspect, implementing Brexit proves harmful, many proponents of Leave had legitimate complaints about the E.U., which they believed to be a sclerotic and overweening supranational body.
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LONDON, July 30 (IFR) - George Thimont has left Mizuho and is returning to Credit Agricole to work on the bank's sovereign, supranational and agency (SSA) bond syndicate desk, according to market sources.
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The "preliminary view" of regulators is that the banks "exchanged commercially sensitive information and coordinated on prices" in supranational, sub-sovereign and agency debt markets from 254 to 21, the FT writes.
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All that is very strange for a genuinely independent supranational institution whose sole mandate is to deliver price stability informally defined as a medium-term consumer price inflation between 0% and 2%.
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LONDON, Nov 16 (IFR) - Public debt market veteran Soren Elbech has been hired as treasurer of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, marking a return to supranational funding after more than two years away.
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The ECB declined to comment, while the Bank of Ireland said it is "purchasing a limited amount of supranational bonds on behalf of the Eurosystem, along with a number of other national central banks".
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The equity-to-adjusted assets ratio of 56.6% at end-September 2016 (62% at end-2015) is assessed as 'excellent' in Fitch's supranational criteria - far above the 13% threshold for an assessment of 'excellent'.
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The settlements were the first in litigation accusing 10 banks of engaging in a "brazen conspiracy" to rig the market for U.S. dollar-denominated supranational, sub-sovereign and agency (SSA) bonds, court papers show.
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It argues that the commission is trying to turn itself into a "supranational tax authority", threatening the consensus achieved through BEPS on the crucial "arm's-length principle" at the heart of transfer-pricing rules.
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PJ Bye has been at HSBC for over 21 years and held senior coverage roles in the sovereign, supranational and agency debt capital market business and, most recently, headed its global public sector syndicate.
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" Nationalism is a "sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.
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DUBAI, Feb 1 (Reuters) - Islamic Development Bank (IDB) has chosen eight banks to arrange a potential dollar-denominated sukuk for the Jeddah-based supranational institution, sources familiar with the matter told Reuters on Monday.
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"Mister secretary-general, you are at the service of the member states, it is unacceptable and against the purpose of the United Nations to try to be a supranational entity," Foreign Minister Sandra Jovel said.
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Yet achieving comparable levels of technological capability across countries may require more than just free trade: supranational standards, for example, and the flow of knowledge in other ways—such as through the movement of individuals.
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The US Treasury criticized European tax probes in a white paper published last week, accusing the Commission of acting as a "supranational tax authority" and saying that its crackdown threatens efforts at global tax reform.
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Paris can easily demonstrate, and defend, that a rigorous institutional architecture must be put in place if key functions of a sovereign state are to be ceded and transferred to a supranational euro area entity.
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After securing his victory, Tajani suggested that there is neither a need to press ahead with "more" European integration, nor to destroy this successful supranational political project to deal with the current crisis in European politics.
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The relevant rating committee can decide a maximum uplift over the IDR of three notches, unless the ceiling concerns a member of a currency union or supranational monetary arrangement - when the maximum uplift is six notches.
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The European policymaking process is a highly complex and varied system where supranational institutions not only have independent implementation functions but also strong decision-making functions, the result of EU's endeavor to de-politicize decision-making.
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The repurchase agreements may be backed by a wide variety of government, sovereign, supranational, agency, corporate, structured finance, convertible bond and equity securities that will be denominated in various currencies and subject to daily margin requirements.
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Due to a shortage of eligible Portuguese debt, the Bank of Portugal has been complementing its monthly purchases with supranational debt, issued by the European Stability Fund and its predecessors such as the European Financial Stability Facility.
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The inauguration of Donald Trump in a matter of days presents the West -- and the supranational institutions that back its outdated ideas -- with the opportunity to break this destructive cycle and stop seeing Russia as the enemy.
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LONDON, Dec 3 (IFR) - Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg has hired Iason Ioannidis from STX Fixed Income as a senior banker to work in the bank's sovereign supranational and agencies team, according to a person close to the matter.
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Double A rated supranational Islamic Corporation for Development of the Private Sector printed the five-year sukuk at 5003bp over mid-swaps on Wednesday after a two-day execution, ending up with a sub-benchmark sized bond.
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NEW YORK, May 4 (IFR) - Supranational borrower Corporacion Andina de Fomento (CAF) was being joined by Panamanian state-owned airport Tocumen, and junk rated AES Dominicana in a somewhat fragile primary market for EM names on Wednesday.
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In the specific case of Belgium, pushing power all the way up to the supranational level would likely be more palatable than building a stronger Belgian state, since it wouldn't implicate language issues in the same way.
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Such supranational legal powers have been at the heart of opposition in Europe to recent free trade deals, including the last-ditch move by Wallonia's left-wing leaders to halt the EU's CETA pact with Canada last year.
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Nigel Cree has retired from his job as co-head of sovereign, supranational and agency origination and syndicate at the German bank, becoming the latest official to leave the bank as it undergoes a deep restructuring, IFR reported.
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"The availability of Portuguese public debt for purchases is far from reaching its limit," the central bank said when asked if Portugal was facing a problem of scarcity of eligible bonds and whether that could trigger supranational acquisitions.
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Whether you think the United Nations is the best thing since Mahatma Gandhi or an uber-liberal, supranational cabal of anti-American interests that sap our great nation of funds better earmarked for your next vacation, keep reading.
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Both are a damning indictment of a supranational entity like the EU. Puigdemont's speech in the Catalan Parliament Tuesday indicates he has rolled the dice, arguably a little late, that policy -- not police -- is the path to separation.
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Indeed, the company has been presenting itself as a willing, generous participant in American investigations, but more generally as a supranational, self-regulating force for good, and, boldly, as indispensable for the continuation of democracy around the world.
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We also have a supranational executive in the form of the European Commission, but within the framework of European institutions, the Lisbon Treaty has transformed it into a sorrowful secretariat of the national heads of state and government.
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IFFIm is a supranational entity established in 2006 through which developed countries facilitate the upfront financing of large-scale immunisation programmes in developing countries by pledging multi-year grants as backing for bonds issued in the international capital markets.
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Populist forces are rising across Europe, emphasizing nationalism over supranational loyalties, even as a European army feels to some more urgent than ever, with America pressuring allies to increase military spending and the U.S. security umbrella increasingly in doubt.
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Sixty-two per cent felt the world had become more insecure in the last two years and 69 per cent said they would support the creation of a new "supranational organisation to make enforceable global decisions" about major threats.
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Offering lead orders, where banks compete for public sector mandates by pledging that a share of the debt issued by a sovereign, supranational or agency borrower would be bought by a bank's own treasury investment funds, was also deemed acceptable.
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"We are working on building an old-school Christian democracy, rooted in European traditions ... we believe in the importance of the nation, and in Hungary we do not want to yield ground to any supranational business or political empire," Orban said.
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Bank of America Corp, Credit Agricole SA, Credit Suisse Group AG, Deutsche Bank AG and Nomura Holdings Inc were accused of secretly agreeing to widen the "bid-ask" spreads they quoted customers of supranational, sub-sovereign and agency (SSA) bonds.
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It includes the Supranational Ratings Criteria, which was omitted from the original release, and removes the Sovereign Rating Criteria.) Fitch Ratings has affirmed the Central American Bank for Economic Integration's (CABEI) Long-Term Foreign Currency Issuer Default Rating (IDR) at 'A'.
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This is what SDSM believed it was doing when it signed the June agreement with Greek representatives, which stipulated that Greece would stop blocking its accession to supranational organizations and Macedonia would call itself "North Macedonia," both internationally and locally.
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The bombings, as well as a third inside a Brussels subway car, hit the capital of the European Union at a time when its member states themselves had begun to fear the increasingly shaky supranational construction they had spent decades building.
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"The tribunal is entering, as lawyers call it, an unknown territory, or even terra incognita; they are testing on our country certain ideas that are, unfortunately, connected to a superstate and creating a supranational system that the E.U. is," he said.
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Partly because of the I.C.C.'s inherent defects and its missteps — but also because of a shifting political climate worldwide, including the rise of nationalist and populist governments, which typically are hostile to supranational justice — it now seems nearly toothless.
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It is possible to accuse Thatcher of a dismal lack of consistency on sovereignty; she rebelled against the EU, for instance, over the loss of British sovereignty, but was prepared to cede sovereignty to supranational bodies to mitigate climate change.
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One thing is clear: The British decision to opt for the nation-state and self-government rather than the supranational embrace of the European Union is not going to be reversed, however quixotic it seems to the internationally minded everywhere.
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EU officials and the French economic minister have expressed concern about this new government, which, ironically, only strengthens the populists' message that what Italy really needs is a government that stands up for national sovereignty in the face of declarations from supranational institutions.
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The merger of two of the four largest brewers in the European Economic Area "would have significantly increased the number of national markets where the merged entity and the two remaining major supranational brewers would encounter each other as competitors," the commission found.
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In the Brexit referendum, 20163 million people, or fifty-two per cent of voters, chose to take the country out of the E.U., a vast supranational project that had become a metaphor for a remote and unfair system for organizing people's lives.
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At a time when supranational institutions like the EU, the UN and NATO are coming under increasing pressure and having their validity called into question, the EU has an opportunity to stand tall and demonstrate the stability it was created to provide.
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But in all three cases partition was eased by Europe's overall peace and stability, the presence of a powerful supranational body in the European Union that diluted the significance of putative national sovereignty and, most important, the relative absence of external provocation.
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Two sources close to the matter told Reuters last month the ECB and the national central banks that execute the programme were supplementing their Irish and Portuguese debt purchases by buying the bonds of supranational agencies, such as the European Investment Bank.
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"What is more important than the tier two macro data is the avalanche of supply in European government bonds and SSA (supranational, sub-sovereign and agency), as well as the U.S. refinancing which starts today," said Christoph Rieger, rates strategist at Commerzbank.
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If there is an upside, it is that what's happening in Britain is at its core a democratic debate — furious, bitter and divisive, to be sure — over the fundamental conflict of national identity and supranational organizations in a confusing and rapidly changing world.
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Gérard Sadik, an asylum expert at La Cimade, a migrants rights group, said that Europe's lack of a "supranational asylum process" encouraged applicants to waste years before finding a country that will accept them, or before they are finally sent back home.
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Traditional American populism of this kind, directed at the rich, bankers, immigrants or big business, could, in any case, not be usefully compared with English hostility to the European Union, because there was no supranational political union the United States belonged to.
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"When you look at how fast the economy is growing, what the public finance position looks like and the external finance position, all three areas are performing very well," said James McCormack, global head of sovereign and supranational ratings at Fitch Ratings.
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But Mrs May has vowed that Britain will not be subject to rulings from the European Court of Justice once it leaves the EU. Without any supranational overseer, how can investors or exporters be sure that British standards will remain harmonised with those in Europe?
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In a decision made public on Wednesday, U.S. District Judge Edgardo Ramos in Manhattan said the investors failed to show they were injured by conducting any specific transactions in U.S. dollar-denominated supranational, sub-sovereign and agency bonds that were tainted by the alleged collusion.
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However, they projected that if the ECB was to loosen some of its self-imposed constraints on asset purchases, such as raising issuer limits from 212% to 22020%, it could buy up to 333 trillion euros in government, supranational and non-bank private sector debt.
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"What's going to happen with the already announced reinvestment policy is, as we are below our capital key, we can manage supranational purchases versus sovereign, including by increasing the share of sovereign" debt purchases, Costa told a parliament committee, without specifying how much it could buy.
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DOMINIC CUMMINGS: In no order of priority… there is an obvious problem with democratic legitimacy (which the pro-EU people accept) if you have democratic accountability working at a national level, but a large and very important set of rules being set at a supranational level.
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Deeper integration, Mr Rodrik reckoned, will therefore lead either to an erosion of democracy, as national leaders disregard the will of the public, or will cause the dissolution of the nation state, as authority moves to supranational bodies elected to create harmonised rules for everyone to follow.
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An amended copy of their lawsuit, filed in U.S. District Court in Manhattan on Monday, shows BNP Paribas, HSBC, RBC and TD Bank have been added to the suit, which alleges that various banks and individuals manipulated the U.S. dollar-denominated sovereign, supranational and agency (SSA) bond market.
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He blames the EU's travails on the misplaced belief that Europe's peoples are so disparate—too many languages, too many histories, too little "demos"—that they must choose between an authentically democratic polity at national level and technocratic diktat at a supranational one devoid of a common culture.
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Sonja Gibbs, Senior Director, Global Capital Markets, IIF (moderator); Heather Hagerty, Global Sovereign Debt Analyst, Fidelity Investments; James McCormack, Managing Director, Global Head, Sovereign and Supranational Ratings, Fitch Ratings; Juan Carlos Mora Uribe, Chief Executive Officer, Bancolombia; Josephine Shea, Director, Emerging Markets, Senior Portfolio Manager, Standish Mellon Asset Management.
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But the experience of existing supranational organizations suggests that they tend to be very good at resolving precisely that type of incident: Both the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations have mediated among their member states to prevent clashes of national pride from getting out of hand.
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Today's chief executives of large companies have certain common attributes and priorities shaped by the dominant themes of their economic era — and they won the top job because they mastered them: — They are, as a rule, globalists, making their companies supranational institutions, creating global supply chains and pushing to maximize open trade relationships.
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Adversaries are peddling nationalism, the end of supranational organizations that impinge national sovereignty, religious extremism, and even separatism from California to Scotland to Okinawa—ideas that challenge the central tenets of the world created after World War II. Trump should respond, in the tradition of Eisenhower and Reagan, and organize his administration for political warfare.
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The affirmation of EU's and Euratom's ratings reflects the continuing strong commitment from the 28 member states (MS) to honour their contributions to the EU's budget, and more specifically, the support of the 'AAA'-rated MS. KEY RATING DRIVERS EU's and Euratom's ratings and Stable Outlook reflect the following key rating drivers: EU and Euratom are supranational administrative bodies.
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And that's just the very beginning, with the supranational Electric Vehicles Initiative calling for an electric car fleet of 20 million by 2020 and the Paris Declaration on Electro-Mobility and Climate Change and Call to Action setting a global deployment target of 100 million electric cars and 0003 million electric 2- and 3-wheelers by 2030.
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Opinion At the turn of the millennium, it was easy to hope that much of the world might leave nationalism behind in the century it so cruelly shaped: Young people were a lot less nationalistic than their parents, the internet was connecting people across borders, and the political future seemed to belong to supranational entities like the European Union.
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"We anticipate that even with the utmost good will on both sides, and a recognition of the mutual interest at stake, there may be practical constraints on how closely the UK and the EU-27 can work together in future if they are no longer bound by the same rules, enforced by the same supranational institutions," the Lords said.
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The bold supranational initiatives of globalization — a system of floating exchange rates in relation to the dollar; the unrestricted flow of capital; free trade (with few tariffs and government subsidies) monitored by the new World Trade Organization; the expansion of NATO and the European Union to ensure that former Communist states became liberal capitalist democracies — have unquestionably done some good.
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" Europe is facing increasing euroskepticism among its citizens and member states increasingly critical of the leaning towards more political integration and a "supranational" EU. Meanwhile, on the eve of an EU summit in Bratislava on Friday, which is being attended by 27 EU leaders – apart from U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May – Donald Tusk told reporters that leaders could not start discussions with "this kind of blissful conviction that nothing is wrong and everything is ok.
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His statements attacking the post-WWII political consensus were outside the generally accepted understanding of the position of the Overton window on freer trade, freer immigration and the need to transfer some national sovereignty to supranational organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization, which the western political elites have advocated for over 28503 years as necessary to avoid a third world war, which would be fought among nuclear armed states.
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Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, a business editor at The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper, wrote an anguished essay about why he planned to vote to leave the bloc despite his confidence that doing so would have devastating economic consequences: Stripped of distractions, it comes down to an elemental choice: whether to restore the full self-government of this nation, or to continue living under a higher supranational regime, ruled by a European Council that we do not elect in any meaningful sense, and that the British people can never remove, even when it persists in error.
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I was in Paris on May 29, 2005, when the French people rejected the first "EU Constitution," a wild attempt by the architects of a grandly platonic blueprint to convince the signers of the original EU-making Maastricht Treaty — which was then, as it is now, about the money — that putting the cart before the horse might make everyone involved move away from national identities and toward the conviction that "the European Union" was a real place, a supranational state, as opposed to just another important-looking piece of paper.
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