The army seized an oil field in the Sabkha area as part of the advance.
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Metallic plaque of El Sabkha Street It is located in 59 El Sabkha Street.
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Facade of Sabkha mosque Sabkha Mosque () is a Tunisian mosque in the south of the medina of Tunis in Bab Jaziza suburb.
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Qatar's government has designated plots of land within the sabkha for biosaline agricultural experimentation to determine which salt-tolerant plant species grow best in sabkha habitats.
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A sabkha is also known as a sabkhah, sebkha, or coastal sabkha. The term sabkha has also been used as a general term for any flat area, coastal or interior, where, as the result of evaporation, salt and other evaporite minerals precipitate near or at the surface. The term continental sabkha is used for such environments found within deserts. Because of the confusion created by using sabkha for salt flats and playas, it has been proposed that the usage of this term be abandoned for playas and other intracontinental basins and flats.
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A sabkha (salt-flat) ecosystem known as the Dukhan Sabkha is found in the northern section of the Dukhan region in western Qatar. This sabkha, considered the largest inland sabkha in the Persian Gulf, runs for approximately 20 km, occupies an area of 73 km², has a width of 2 to 4 km and a depth of between 6 and 7 meters. It also accommodates the lowest point of Qatar, at six meters below sea level. Studies suggest that the sabkha is fed by seawater from the Bay of Zekreet, north by approximately 3 km.
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Al Sabkha () is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Al Sabkha is a small community between Al Rigga, Naif, Al Dhagaya and Al Buteen in the Deira region of eastern Dubai. Al Sabkha, literally meaning marshland is bounded to the east by Al Sabkha Road (109th Street), to the east by 21st Street and to the north by route D 82 (Al Naif Road). One of the smallest communities in Dubai in terms of area, Al Sabkha is home to Arab and South Asian communities and has an active economic district with traditional souks.
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The climate variations lead to the very dynamic nature of a sabkha. Halite is deposited on the surface of the sabkha and gypsum and aragonite precipitate in the subsurface via capillary action from brines brought up from the water table. In drier parts of the sabkha the gypsum can be altered to anhydrite and the aragonite can be dolomitized diagenetically.
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A sabkha (salt flat) ecosystem known as the Dukhan Sabkha is found in the northern section. This sabkha, considered the largest inland salt flat in the Persian Gulf, runs for approximately 20 km, occupies an area of 73 km², has a width of 2 to 4 km and a depth of between 6 and 7 meters. It also accommodates the lowest point of Qatar, at six meters below sea level. As a result of high uranium content, the sabkha has very high levels of radioactivity, ranging from a mean of 16 to 75 cps.
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Dukhan Sabkha, located in the northern section of the Dukhan region in western Qatar, is the largest inland sabkha (salt-flat) ecosystem found in the Persian Gulf. The sabkha runs for approximately 20 km, occupies an area of 73 km², has a width of 2 to 4 km and a depth of between 6 and 7 meters below sea level. Consequently, the sabkha holds the distinction of accommodating the lowest point of Qatar. It is situated roughly 10 km east of the city of Dukhan and 2 km from Dukhan Highway.
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Areas of sabkha can be found throughout western portions of the sand sheet, wherever the water table meets the surface. Some wetlands in the sabkha are deeper with plentiful plants and animals, while others are shallow and salty.
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The grave is located in a sabkha, has rock slabs on either side, and may have belonged to a child.
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Briere, P.R., 2000. Playa, playa lake, sabkha: Proposed definitions for old terms. Journal of Arid Environments, 45(1), pp.1-7.
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Its main constituents are aggregation sediments, evaporites, and an assemblage of wind-blown sediments. Sediments within the sabkha differ from other sabkhas in the region. Here, they are described as mainly comprising brownish-grey wind-blown sand underneath halite crystals up to 2 meters-thick. Gypsum crystals are also found overlaying the sabkha, particularly in its center.
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An evolutionary model for sabkha development on the north coast of the UAE. Journal of Arid Environments, 63(4), pp.740-755.
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The basin has no outflow, and because the source of the water is continental rather than marine, the amount of salt deposited is limited. There are two bodies of water, the upper one pond-like, with a moderate degree of salinity and a biodiverse flora and fauna, and the lower one a sabkha or salt lake, with higher salinity, salt- encrusted margins and very little vegetation. The bottom of the sabkha is usually dry and covered with a salty crust, mostly formed from halite. Periodically, heavy rains cause the Saoura to flood and water flows into the sabkha.
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In local dialect, the word "tarfa" refers to Tamarix aphylla, a short, salt-tolerant tree with scale-like leaves frequently planted for ornamental purposes or used as a shelterbelt. As the area is surrounded by a sabkha (salt flat), salinity levels are too high for most plants aside from Tamarix aphylla, which forms dense stands around the borders of the sabkha.
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A term typically used by Earth scientists, a sabkha () is a coastal, supratidal mudflat or sandflat in which evaporite-saline minerals accumulate as the result of semiarid to arid climate. Sabkhas are gradational between land and intertidal zone within restricted coastal plains just above normal high-tide level. Within a sabkha, evaporite-saline minerals sediments typically accumulate below the surface of mudflats or sandflats.
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Mature sabkhas are only flooded after heavy rainstorms and may eventually coalesce to form a sabkha coastal plain. These coastal plains are very flat, with reliefs between 10–50 cm, and their seaward slope can be as little as 1:1,000.Butler, G.P., 1969. Modern evaporite deposition and geochemistry of coexisting brines, the sabkha, Trucial Coast, Arabian Gulf. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 39(1).
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As a result of high uranium content, the sabkha has very high levels of radioactivity, ranging from a mean of 16 to 75 cps. Salinity levels are high in the sabkha. Among the reasons for this include the intrusion of seawater, a prevailing desert climate and salt deposition from sediment runoff. The soil lacks nutrients of any substantial quantities except for sodium chloride and calcium.
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Haloquadratum is a halophilic genus of the family Halobacteriaceae.See the NCBI webpage on Haloquadratum. Data extracted from the The first species to be identified in this group, Haloquadratum walsbyi, is unusual in that its cells are shaped like square, flat boxes. This archaean, discovered in 1980 by A.E. Walsby in the Gavish Sabkha, a coastal hypersaline pool (sabkha) on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, was not cultured until 2004.
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Elk and pronghorn are common, while burrowing owls nest in the ground and other raptors float through the skies searching for mice, kangaroo rats, and short-horned lizards. The sabkha is a wetland region where groundwater rises and falls seasonally, leaving white alkali deposits on the surface. Inland saltgrass is common in this area. Toads can reproduce in sabkha wetlands when they are seasonally filled with sufficient fresh water.
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Paucisalibacillus algeriensis is a bacterium from the genus of Paucisalibacillus which has been isolated from hypersaline soil from the Ezzemoul Sabkha lake from Oum El Bouaghi in Algeria.
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In the khor-lagoon-sabkha model, an initial rise in sea-level floods coastal areas and creates shallow water features. If the features silt up, or the land rises, or the sea level falls, then the trapped water evaporates, leaving a flat salt pan, or sabkha. If the coastal region has irregular topography, then the flooding creates large independent creeks, or khors. A khor is a shallow, subtidal flat or tidal inlet.
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Naâma Province () is a province (wilaya) of Algeria named after its provincial seat, the town of Naâma. The region is dominated by a large sabkha. There is an airport in Mécheria.
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The subtidal facies show carbonate grainstones and lagoonal muds. These facies sequences, except for the halite that is frequently re-dissolved when wetted, can easily be preserved. Factors enabling preservation include the progradation of the sabkha with sedimentation rates of 1 m/1000 years and the creation of Stokes surfaces. These surfaces are created by the deflation of the sabkha surface that is related to the level of the groundwater table acting as a local base level.
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The Al-Ghadha Woods are located to the north of the city. Next to Unaizah is the Al-Aushaziyah salt lake (or Sabkha), which is considered an official part of the city.
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The halophytic sabkha type desert vegetation is predominant in Muscat.Ghazanfar (1998), p. 80. The Qurum Nature Reserve contains plants such as the Arthrocnemum Macrostachyum and Halopeplis Perfoliata. Coral reefs are common in Muscat.
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The inlet may host grey mangroves, depending on whether less saline water is available from wadis or groundwater. As sediment begins to accumulate, the khors become more shallow and form a lagoon, or intertidal flat. The lagoons continue to fill until the lagoon floor is exposed at low tide, and the sabkha begins to form. A sabkha may be inundated during higher than normal spring tides, after rainstorms, or when driving winds push seawater onshore to a depth of a few centimeters.
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To the south-west is Sabkhat Al-Arish. A sabkha (salt-flat), its elevation is close to sea level. Due to the high level of salinity, only a small number of trees grow there.
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Also A Proposed Formal Definition for Sabkha وادي wādī, a river valley or gully. In English, a wadi is a non-small gully that is dry, or dry for most of the year, in the desert.
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The sandstones of the Southern North Sea region form gas reservoirs. Deposition started in the early Permian, and near the end of the early Permian finer sediment was deposited in an environment of lacustrine and saline/sabkha.
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Studies suggest that the sabkha is fed by seawater from the Bay of Zekreet, north by approximately 3 km.Sabkha Ecosystems: Volume II: West and Central Asia, p. 176 A depression known as Rawdat Jarrah is the midpoint between the Bay of Zekreet and the sabkha; geologists have theorized that it may have been an extension of the bay as early 3,000 years ago. In a 2010 survey of Dukhan's coastal waters conducted by the Qatar Statistics Authority, it was found that its average depth was and its average pH was 8.1.
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The Arabic alchemy sense entered Latin in the 12th century. Elixir is in all European languages today. ;erg (landform), hamada (landform), sabkha (landform), wadi (landform) : عرق ʿerq, sandy desert landscape. حمادة hamāda, craggy desert landscape with very little sand.
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Sabkha deposits are believed to form some of the major subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Middle East (and elsewhere). The source of these hydrocarbons (both gas and oil) may be the microbial mats and mangrove paleosoils, found in the sabkha sequence, that have total organic carbon up to 8.2% and hydrogen indices typical of marine type II kerogens. Some ancient analogs include immediate subsurface formations such as the Permian Khuff Formation, Jurassic Arab and Hith anhydrites, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks. Similar deposits are also found in the Ordovician Williston Basin, the Permian Basin in Texas, as well as the Jurassic Gulf of Mexico.
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Pp. 227, 235, 237, 239. In Arabic, an alkali flat is called a sabkha (also spelled sabkhah, subkha or sebkha) or shott (chott). In Central Asia, a similar "cracked mud" salt flat is known as a takyr. In Iran salt flats are called kavir.
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Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1974, pp.625-642. and in modern sabkha sediments in Tunisia.Perthuisot, J. P. (1971): Présence de magnésite et de huntite dans le sebkha el Melah de Zarzis. Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, Série D, vol.
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The deposit is divided into two flanks on each side of Tazrha sabkha. The volume of the west flank area is over ; the east flank area's volume is over . The average thickness of the formation is . Its moisture content is about 20% and its sulfur content is about 2%.
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Hydrologic framework of a sabkha along Arabian Gulf. American Association of Petroleum Geologists bulletin, 65(8), pp.1457-1475. These environments can be found laterally contemporaneous in parallel belts to the coast as well. Coral reefs, barrier islands, and oolite shoals form the barrier with the open shelf.
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Evaporite-saline minerals, tidal-flood, and aeolian deposits characterize many sabkhas found along modern coastlines. The accepted type locality for a sabkha is at the southern coast of the Persian Gulf, in the United Arab Emirates.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, eds. (2005) Glossary of Geology (5th ed.).
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Zubarah Beach on a cloudy day. Zubarah encompasses a 400 hectare stretch the north western coast of the Qatar peninsula, and is located approximately 105 km from the Qatari capital Doha. It is situated over a low, coastal hillock. The two main habitat types are the sabkha and the stony desert.
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The sabkha region is long and between and wide. The southern portion of Mesaieed is characterized by sand dunes. To the northeast of the coast, where the residential section is located, there are sandy hillocks which lie 9 m above sea level. Roughly 262 hectares of mangroves are found around Mesaieed's coastline.
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Small parabolic dunes form in the sand sheet and then migrate into the main dunefield. Nabkha dunes form around vegetation. The sabkha forms where sand is seasonally saturated by rising ground water. When the water evaporates away in late summer, minerals similar to baking soda cement sand grains together into a hard, white crust.
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Shore birds such as the American avocet hunt tadpoles and insects in the shallow water. Wetlands speckle the San Luis Valley and are important habitat for sandhill cranes, shore birds, amphibians, dragonflies, and freshwater shrimp. Grassland species such as elk also use these waters for drinking. The sabkha and wetlands are at approximately in elevation.
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Total dissolved solids increase as the crust partially dissolves and evaporation occurs. Some water infiltrates the clayey ground forming an impervious layer under which is an aquifer, saturated as far as sodium chloride is concerned. Evaporation of the water in the lake occurs, and after a few months, the sabkha dries up, and a new crust is formed.
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H. walsbyi was first discovered in 1980 by A.E. Walsby in the Gavish Sabkha, a coastal brine pool in the Sinai peninsula, Egypt, and formally described by Burns et al. in 2007. The organisms were notable because of their extremely thin (around 0.15 μm), square-shaped structure. It was not cultivated in the lab until 2004.
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The history of Uqair is multi-faceted. The irrigation channels north of Uqair could be the abandoned city of Gerrha. And it is alternatively possible the lost city lay beneath the sabkha near the ruined Islamic city of Uqair. But Bibby's efforts to dig the channels and beneath the walls of Uqair proved fruitless in the search for Gerrha.
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However, the village has been heavily affected by the Sinai insurgency, first taking in displaced persons fleeing Sheikh Zuweid and Rafah, and then losing 22% of its male population in the 2017 Sinai mosque attack. The major local industries are a salt factory processing materials from nearby coastal salt works in Zaranik Protectorate on a sabkha of Lake Bardawil, and also agriculture.
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Al Buteen () is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Al Buteen is located in eastern Dubai, in Deira and is bounded to its west by Al Ras, its east by Al Sabkha and its north by Al Dhagaya. Dubai Creek forms the southern periphery of the locality. Al Buteen is located between Old Baladiya Street (110th Road) and 21st Street.
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Summerville Formation with gypsum-filled cracks. U.S. quarter dollar for scale. The formation consists of up to of red mudstone, with thin interbeds of green and red sandstone. The lower portion of the formation shows polygonal desiccation cracks and localized salt-hopper casts while the upper portion contains considerable gypsum, consistent with deposition in a sabkha on the margin of the Sundance Sea.
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A mushroom-shaped erosional rock formation in Dukhan Dukhan is in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya and is approximately from Doha. The southeasternmost section of the area lies at 60 m above sea level. Parts of Dukhan's sabkha zone in the north lie below sea level. A sequence of hillocks of Eocene limestone run in parallel throughout the coastal region.
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Afjan is derived from the Arabic "", a word used to describe a habitat similar to a sabkha (salt-flat) except for the fact that it is better suited to hosting vegetative life. Three dot this area (from west to east): Afjan Al Gharbi, Afjan Al Wusti, and Afjan Al Sharqi. The village is located within the confines of the latter .
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Deltaic sheet gravels are also common in Wadi as Sahba-Wadi and Dawasir-Wadi Najran. In the Al Aramah and Hit escarpment are dissected, older limestone gravels. An Nafud and Ar Rub al Khali have silt, gravel, sabkha, unconsolidated sands and coral limestone from the geologically recent past. Half of Saudi Arabia with sedimentary cover is blanketed in eolian sands, covering an area of 600,000 square kilometers.
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Historically, fresh water was of scarce availability. In an attempt to amass a water supply, Murair Fort was constructed 1.8 km eastward of the original settlement, on the margins of the desert scarp. The fort served to facilitate wells which tapped the shallow freshwater lenses. Holocene deposits are densely scattered in the sabkha and mud plain areas located near the city ruins and the sea.
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Most of the buildings in Zubarah were constructed using materials from these deposits. An area encompassing the city ruins and the project, which is labelled a proto-sabkha habitat, also contains large quantities of holocene fossils. Eocene limestone are predominant further inland where the habitat is a stony, arid desert. Zubarah Beach is located near the archaeological site, but is open only to those on guided tours.
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The mound comprises an area of some four hectares and rises to a height of some ten metres above the surrounding sabkha, or salt flats.it is a well known site in the UAE The site was excavated in 5 seasons between 1989 and 1998 by a team from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led by Daniel Potts.D. T. Potts, Excavations at Tell Abraq, 1989, Paléorient, vol. 15, iss.
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September 09, 2017) in Egypt on the north coast of the Sinai Peninsula. Lake Bardawil is about long, and wide (at its widest). It's considered to be one of the three major lakes of the Sinai Peninsula, along with the Great Bitter Lake and the Little Bitter Lake. It continues to decrease in size as sands move and is becoming more of a Playa or Sabkha than a lake.
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A new tunnel of 280 m length links the airport with Musaffah. The Musaffah Channel is a man-made canal, with gypsum crystals described as large and bladed. The banks at the eastern end of the Musaffah Channel reportedly have "Pleistocene reworked dune deposits, unconformably overlain by Holocene carbonates and sabkha evaporates". The channel's inner reaches are situated approximately inland from the location of the present-day lagoon.
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The climate is one of the main factors in sabkha development. Rainfall in this arid region usually occurs as thunderstorms and averages 4 cm/year.Lokier, S. and Steuber, T., 2008. Quantification of carbonate-ramp sedimentation and progradation rates for the late Holocene Abu Dhabi shoreline. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 78(7), pp.423-431. Temperatures can range in excess of 50 °C to as low as 0 °C.
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At the site surface, there are remains of walls that are approximately 10 cm to 30 cm high from the ground. Several remains of building were discovered and mapped by a Danish archaeological group in 1968. The remains, some of which dates back to Hellenistic period, include remains of square-shaped building which had two walls. The building is identified to be a fort and it was called “Sabkha fort”.
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Al Dhagaya () is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Located in eastern Dubai in Deira, Al Dhagaya forms part of Dubai's northeastern coast along the Persian Gulf. Al Dhagaya is located near the Deira Corniche and is bounded by Al Baraha, Al Ras, Al Sabkha and Ayil Nasir. One of the more populous residential areas of west Deira, Al Dhagaya also has a prominent economic district with souks and traditional markets.
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The four primary components of the Great Sand Dunes system are the mountain watershed, the dunefield, the sand sheet, and the sabkha. Ecosystems within the mountain watershed include alpine tundra, subalpine forests, montane woodlands, and riparian zones. Evidence of human habitation in the San Luis Valley dates back about 11,000 years. The first historic peoples to inhabit the area were the Southern Ute Tribe; Apaches and Navajo also have cultural connections in the area.
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Amaq News Agency claimed on 14 April that ISIL had killed 11 Syrian soldiers near Sabkha al- Mawah in eastern Palmyra. On 18 April, SAA's 5th Legion along with the 18th Tank Division captured the Abu Qilla Dam. On 24 April, the SAA led by the ISIL Hunters captured several points overlooking the al-Shaer gas fields. On 26 April, it captured al-Shawr gas fields as well as all the hills overlooking it.
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The Bay of Zekreet () is a half-moon shaped bay on the Zekreet Peninsula in western Qatar. The Zekreet Peninsula is a rocky, sandy desert, with numerous rock formations and gypsum plateaux. The bay is situated to the north of the industrial city of Dukhan and to the southwest of the village of Zekreet. It is located to the north of the Dukhan Sabkha, and is separated by a straight depression known as Rawdat Jarrah.
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Zekreet is situated near the bottom small stretch of land known as the Zekreet Peninsula which protrudes into the Persian Gulf and of which Ras Abrouq occupies the northern extremity. Dukhan is the closest sizable settlement. To the west of the village is the Bay of Zekreet, a half-moon shaped bay which in the past was an extension of the 20 km-long Dukhan Sabkha. There is a cape protruding into the bay known as Ras Zekreet.
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The Yeso Group is lithologically complex, ranging from marine shelf carbonate rock to the south through shoreline and sabkha beds to eolian dune and sheet sand deposits to the north. It is exposed in the mountains and other uplifts bordering the Rio Grande Rift and in the Pecos River valley.Baars 1962 It is present in the subsurface in the Raton Basin.Broadhead 2019 The group records a major marine transgression from the south during the early Leonardian (Kungurian).
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Around 4300, it transitioned to a saltwater sabkha and by 2700 it had dried up. Today it lies over the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System.Friederike Jesse, Coralie Gradel and Franck Derrien, "Archaeology at Selima Oasis, Northern Sudan: Recent Research", Sudan & Nubia, No. 19 (2015), pp. 161–169 The flora of Selima is not particularly varied and includes grasses (Desmostachya bipinnata and Imperata cylindrica), reeds (Phragmites australis), camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), dom palm (Hyphaene thebaica) and several species of tamarisk (Tamarix).
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Acacia tortilis in a mountainous landscape in Fujairah A wide range of plants is associated with the many types of habitat in the United Arab Emirates. One of these types is the sabkha, an area in which salty water has flooded the land shallowly and later evaporated, leaving crusty salt pans. These occur on the western part of the Gulf Coast but also among dunes inland. The plants found on their edges are salt-tolerant members of Salicornioideae and Zygophyllum.
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November 29, 2005. Retrieved October 11, 2017. Among the flowering plants are alpine phlox, dwarf clover, alpine forget-me-not, fairy primrose, alpine aven, Indian paintbrush, lousewort, blue-purple penstemon, aspen daisy, western paintbrush, elephantella, snow buttercups, scurfpea, Indian ricegrass, blowout grass, prairie sunflower, Rocky Mountain beeplant, rubber rabbitbrush, speargrass, small-flowered sand verbena, narrowleaf yucca, prickly pear cactus, Rocky Mountain iris, and white water buttercup. Inland saltgrass is the primary type of grass around sabkha wetlands in the park.
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At the same time in the Permian and Carboniferous, the opening of the west branch of the Tethys Ocean reoriented sections of Italy atop the Adriatic Plate and created the Ligure-Piemontese ocean basin, leading to widespread deposition of carbonates, evaporites and red beds. Units such as the Valgardena Sandstone emplaced during a westward marine transgression in areas later uplifted as the Alps. These sandstones were succeeded by sabkha, the lagoonal Bellerophon Formation, volcanic rocks, the Werfen Formation and Servino Formation.
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The Umm Er Radhuma Formation ranges from 1150 feet in the northwest to 2300 in the east with limestone, dolomite, argillite, sabkha cycles, shale and anhydrite. Evaporite formed in the early Eocene leaving the 200 to 840 foot Rus Formation which also includes minor argillaceous limestones. A return to lower salinity and shallow marine conditions in the Middle Eocene deposited the nummulitic carbonates of the Dammam Formation, as well as dolomite and subordinate shales. Uplift and erosion affected the region into the Oligocene.
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South and east of the Grand Canyon, the evaporites and contorted sandstones (sabkha deposits) of Toroweap Formation interfinger with and are replaced by cross- bedded sandstones of the Coconino Sandstone. As a result, the Kaibab Limestone directly overlies the Coconino Sandstone in the Mogollon Rim region. The Kaibab Limestone directly overlies the White Rim Sandstone in northeastern Arizona and southeastern Utah. The upper contact of the Kaibab Limestone (Harrisburg Member) with the overlying Moenkopi Formation is an erosional unconformity and disconformity.
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Current research indicates that the island was formed from relict Pleistocene limestone platforms linked by Holocene sand and beach deposits and intervening patches of sabkha. Marawah is located west of the city and capital, Abu Dhabi. The island is around from east to west and about from north to south. There are three islands in proximity to Marawah: the small island of Al Fiyah to the west, the island of Junaina to the southeast, and the island of Abu al Abyad in the east.
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However, the topography of Dubai is significantly different from that of the southern portion of the UAE in that much of Dubai's landscape is highlighted by sandy desert patterns, while gravel deserts dominate much of the southern region of the country.Environmental Development and Protection in the UAE . Aspinall, Simon The sand consists mostly of crushed shell and coral and is fine, clean and white. East of the city, the salt-crusted coastal plains, known as sabkha, give way to a north–south running line of dunes.
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The formations of the Elk Point Group were deposited in a marine embayment that stretched from an open ocean in the present-day Northwest Territories of Canada to North Dakota in the United States, covering an area roughly half as large as that covered by today's Mediterranean Sea. At times of low water levels and excessive evaporation, halite and other evaporite minerals were deposited in sabkha, supratidal flat and coastal lagoon environments, and at times of higher water levels carbonate platform sedimentation and reef growth were dominant.
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The banks at the eastern end of the Musaffah Channel reportedly have "Pleistocene reworked dune deposits, unconformably overlain by Holocene carbonates and sabkha evaporates." The channel's inner reaches are situated approximately inland from the location of the present-day lagoon. The port has a long main quay and two long side quays and covers an area of . The depth of draft is at the port and is linked with the new Musaffah Channel (a channel dredged below the datum) which is about in length.
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Large amounts of sediment from the volcanic San Juan Mountains continued to wash down into these lakes, along with some sand from the Sangre de Cristo Range. Dramatic natural climate change later significantly reduced these lakes, leaving behind the sand sheet. Remnants of these lakes still exist in the form of sabkha wetlands. Aerial view of the dunes and the Sangre de Cristo Range Sand that was left behind after the lakes receded blew with the predominant southwest winds toward a low curve in the Sangre de Cristo Range.
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Two spring-fed creeks in the sand sheet along with a few small lakes in the valley's sabkha section southwest of the dunes create a wetland that nurtures wildlife. The main dunefield measures roughly east-to-west and north-to-south, with an adjacent area to the northwest called the Star Dune Complex, for a total of about . The park and preserve together are approximately east-to-west at the widest point, and approximately north-to-south, also at the widest point. The park encompasses , while the preserve protects an additional for a total of .
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Rocky ridge of Jebel Fuwayrit overlooking a twilight vista Nestled in northeast Qatar, Fuwayrit is located 91 km north of the capital Doha, 25 km away from Ar Ru'ays, 51 km away from Zubarah, 60 km from Al Khor City, and 106 km from Al Wakrah. The original town was established on a short, tapered headland with a soil texture comprising mainly silty sand. On the coastline to the east, sandspits separated the town from the sea. More inland, a sabkha system has developed and is characterized by grassy rawdas.
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This sabkha branches out into a narrow channel that marks the northern extremity of the original town, and the beginning of a rocky upland to its immediate north. Since the original town's abandonment in the mid-20th century, the coastal sandspit has grown in size. The dominant geological formation present in Fuwayrit and in most of north-east Qatar is the Dammam Formation, of which Eocene limestone is the primary component. Near the coast, the Dammam Formation is overlain by the Fuwayrit Formation, which consists of aeolian deposits that form Jebel Fuwayrit.
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Sabkhat al-Jabbūl or Mamlahat al-JabbūlName used in the Syria article Encyclopædia Britannica 2005 edition, volume 28, page 363 or Lake Jabbūl () is a large, traditionally seasonal, saline lake and concurrent salt flats (sabkha) 30 km southeast of Aleppo, Syria, in the Bāb District of Aleppo Governorate. It is the largest natural lake in Syria and the second largest lake after the artificial Lake Assad. In 2009 the lake covered about and was relatively stable."SY006: Sabkhat al-Jabbul" BirdLife IBA Factsheet The salt flats are extensive.
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Moenkopi Formation Volcanoes continued to erupt through the Early Triassic on the north–south trending island arc to the west, which was located along what is now the border between California and Nevada. Shallow, marine water stretched from eastern Utah to eastern Nevada over a beveled continental shelf. As the sea withdrew around 230 million years ago, fluvial, mudflat, sabkha, and shallow marine environments developed, depositing gypsum (from lagoon evaporites), mudstones, limestones, sandstones, shales, and siltstones. It took many thousands of thin layers of these sediments to form the thick Moenkopi Formation.
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Centuries ago, Ain el Turk was a plain called El Eurfa which extends from St Roch till Les Andalouses. Over the centuries, the population of El Eurfa plain (known later as Ain el Turck) has significantly increased. Two types of people lived there and cohabited, nomadic people who practice transhumance, and sedentary or sedentarized tribes who practiced agriculture and beekeeping. The nomads wandered between the plains of El Eurfa, Boutlelis and Messreghinn, except in some special cases they did not go beyond the Sabkha in the South and the forest Madagh in the West.
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Until 1867 he explored the surroundings of Mascara, Saïda, Frenda, El Bayadh (Géryville), and parts of the Hautes Plaines, including the Chott Ech Chergui and the sabkha in the Naâma Province. In 1869 he was appointed at the military hospital in Vincennes, and he supported the army during the French-Prussian War of 1870, in particular dealing with the wounded from the battles at Gravelotte and Borni. In 1871 he returned to Algeria and resumed his plant collecting. Plants Warion collected for science for the first time include Mentha cervina, Trisetum vallesiacum, Linaria heterophylla and Cuscuta corymbosa.
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Reversing dunes above the edge of the montane forest The four primary components of the Great Sand Dunes system are the mountain watershed, the dunefield, the sand sheet, and the sabkha. The mountain watershed receives heavy snow and rain which feeds creeks that flow down from alpine tundra and lakes, through subalpine and montane woodlands, and finally around the main dunefield. Sand that has blown from the valley floor is captured in streams and carried back toward the valley. As creeks disappear into the valley floor, the sand is picked up and carried to the dunefield once again.
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The partially dolomite, and fossiliferous limestone dominated Asmari Formation emplaced in the far east, followed by the Gachsaran Formation from the early Miocene, with anhydrite and dolomite, ascending to dolomite, limestone, anhydrite, shale, marl and other carbonates. The Gachsaran depocenter was located in onshore Abu Dhabi. During the late Miocene and into the Pliocene, the Alpine Orogeny which uplifted the Alps and the Himalayas affected the region, uplifting the Omani and Zagros Mountains and driving significant erosion. Muds, sabkha deposits, windblown sand, conglomerate limestone, beach gravel and silt are all defining sediments of the past 2.5 million years of the Quaternary.
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Although the importance of the creek as a port has diminished with the development of the Jebel Ali Port, smaller facilities, such as Port Saeed, continue to exist along the creek, providing porting to traders from the region and the subcontinent. NBD headquarters along the Dubai Creek Including the most remarkable buildings alongside the Deira side of the Creek are the Deira Twin Towers, the old Dubai Creek Tower, Sheraton Dubai Creek, National Bank of Dubai, and Chamber of Commerce.Dubai Creek Gigapixel . Highly detailed view of the Creek on a length of 3 km from Al Sabkha Rd to Chamber of Commerce.
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The National, 23 April 2008 Experts also predict that the possibility of a tsunami in the region is minimal because the Persian Gulf waters are not deep enough to trigger a tsunami. A view of the Dubai Creek from a harbour The sandy desert surrounding the city supports wild grasses and occasional date palms. Desert hyacinths grow in the sabkha plains east of the city, while acacia and ghaf trees grow in the flat plains within the proximity of the Western Al Hajar mountains. Several indigenous trees such as the date palm and neem as well as imported trees such as the eucalypts grow in Dubai's natural parks.
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At inland sites Zygophyllum qatarense predominates along with grasses such as Aeluropus lagopoides and Panicum turgidum. Sandy plains further east along the coast from the sabkha region have occasional dwarf tamarisk trees and such plants as Salsola imbricata and Zygophyllum mandavillei, and in coastal lagoons, and in creeks further east, the white mangrove is plentiful. Mangroves are also found in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, particularly in a national park to the east of the island of Abu Dhabi. Cornulaca monacantha Plants of the gravel plains further east again include Cornulaca monacantha, Crotalaria persica, Calotropis procera and Taverniera spartea, and the parasitic desert hyacinth and the desert thumb.
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Dolomitization is a geological process by which the carbonate mineral dolomite is formed when magnesium ions replace calcium ions in another carbonate mineral, calcite. It is common for this mineral alteration into dolomite to take place due to evaporation of water in the sabkha area. Dolomitization involves substantial amount of recrystallization. This process is described by the stoichiometric equation: 2 CaCO3(calcite) \+ Mg2+ ↔ CaMg(CO3)2(dolomite) \+ Ca2+ Dolomitization depends on specific conditions which include low Ca:Mg ratio in solution, reactant surface area, the mineralogy of the reactant, high temperatures which represents the thermodynamic stability of the system, and the presence of kinetic inhibitors such as sulfate.
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Excavation of the Kassite dye site on Al Khor Island At Al Khor Island off the bay, excavations have uncovered four main periods of occupation, dating from as early as c. 2000 BC to as late as 1900 AD. The island is best known for being the site of operation of a Kassite- controlled purple dye industry in the second millennium BC. A cemetery of at least 18 cairns is found approximately west of the city, situated atop a hillock and separated from the city by a sabkha (salt flat). It was uncovered in 1976 by the French Archaeological Mission in Qatar and was dubbed "F.P.P." in the team's reports.
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A pair of fulvous whistling ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) at Wasit Wetland Centre Wasit Wetland Centre is a conservation area in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. It preserves an area of a type of wetland (sabkha or salt plain) once common along the western coastal plains of the UAE and consists of a visitor centre with viewing points to both captive and wild birds, as well as extensive areas of dunes, mud flats, salty lagoons and freshwater pools. Located in the northern Sharjah suburb of Wasit, the centre runs along the Sharjah/Ajman border. The centre comprises of protected habitat and has been designated as a Ramsar site since 2019.
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Lake Nipigon occupies a basin created by repeated and preferential erosion of relatively flat-lying and faulted, Proterozoic sedimentary strata and igneous sills by repeated Pleistocene glaciations. The Sibley Group consists of about of unmetamorphosed Mesoproterozoic red beds that are typically flat-lying. These red beds consist of basal fluvial-lacustrine conglomerates, sandstones, and shales overlain by cyclic dolomite-siltstone layers, stromatolites and red mudstones, which represent a playa lake, sabkha, and mudflat environments; purple shales and siltstones interpreted as subaerial mudflat deposits; and an upper unit of cross-stratified sandstone beds, which are interpreted to be aeolian in origin. They accumulated in an intracratonic rift basin between 1450 and 1500 million years (Ma) ago.Rogala, B., 2003.
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The Prairie Evaporite Formation was deposited in an embayment called the Elk Point Basin. It extended from an open ocean in the present-day Northwest Territories in Canada to northern North Dakota in the United States, covering an area roughly 30% to 40% as large as that covered by today's Mediterranean Sea. An extensive reef complex called the Presqu'ile Barrier developed across the mouth of the embayment, blocking it from the open ocean and restricting the inflow of sea water. Low water levels and excessive evaporation resulted in the deposition of halite and other evaporite minerals in sabkha, supratidal flat and coastal lagoon environments, ultimately leading to the accumulation of potash minerals in the southern part of the area.
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2006 Farther south, the group is divided into the Arroyo de Alamillo and Los Vallos Formations. It transitions from continental to shallow marine in character from north to south, with the lithology changing from eolian and sand sheet deposits in the north to sabkha deposits of gypsum and carbonate rock to the south. Thus the Arroyo de Alamillo Formation is siltstone, ripple-laminated sandstone, and lesser dolomitic limestone, in contrast with the eolian beds of the De Chelly Formation, and the Los Vallos Formation is 42% sandstone, 28% siltstone, and 24% gypsum, in contrast with the thinly bedded sandstone of the San Ysidro Formation. The Los Vallos Formation is divided into the Torres, Cañas and Joyita members.
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At an unknown date, an earthquake collapsed dikes or the land structures that kept the lake from drying up, causing drainage to the sea of most of the fresh water and at the most allowing for a seasonal lake or marsh. It then possibly became associated with Chott el-Djerid, a seasonal lake which is marshy and shallow, now separated by a 50 meter high elevated ridge ten kilometers wide from the Mediterranean. Other suggested locations are various Sabkha along the Gulf of Sidra and due west coastal sections, which became filled in due to salt and gypsum evaporates as well as sand washed or blown in. These areas are below sea level for large expanses, typically only less than 5 meters in depth.
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The origin and progression of coastal sabkha development at the southern shore of the Persian Gulf was first discussed in detail in the seminal paper by Evans et al. 1969. The southern shoreline of the Persian Gulf is a shallow, low-angle carbonate ramp characterised by an evaporitic supratidal system passing offshore, via a broad carbonate–evaporite intertidal environment, into a carbonate-dominated subtidal system. This is a low-energy setting with a small tidal range (1–2 m) and low wave energy as a result of the limited fetch. High rates of evaporation result in salinities of 45–46 g l−1 along the open-marine coast of Abu Dhabi and up to 89 g l−1 in more- restricted lagoons.
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The plant grows mainly in salt flats (Arabic: sabkha) in hard soil surfaces, and can also be found growing along riverine gulches (Arabic: wadi) and in drainage runnels that have alkaline and saline soils, subsequently accumulating in its leaves a high quantity of sodium and chloride (chlorine ions).Al-Ani, Habib, Abduaziz and Ouda, Plant Indicators in Iraq: II. Mineral Composition of Native Plants in Relation to Soils and Selective Absorption, Plant and Soil, Vol. 35, No. 1 (August 1971), pp. 30–33. It thrives in silty soil which is very slippery and muddy when wet, but becomes baked hard with a flaking surface which breaks up into a fine dust when dry, and can especially be seen growing on hummocks in such terrain.
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It is distributed along Africa's east coast, south-west, south and south-east Asia, and Australia. It occurs in New Zealand between 34 and 38 degrees south; its Māori name is mānawa. It is one of the few mangroves found in the arid regions of the coastal Arabian Peninsula, mainly in sabkha environments in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, as well as in similar environments on both side of the Red Sea (in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Eritrea, and Sudan), and Qatar and southern Iran along the Persian Gulf coast. It is a characteristic species of the Southern Africa mangroves ecoregion, and is one of three species present in Africa's southernmost mangroves, in the estuary of South Africa's Nahoon River at 32°56′S.
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Towards the end of the Triassic, the sea level once again rose and periodic flooding caused by high spring tides and strong on-shore winds led to the formation of on shore saline lagoons or sabkha environments. Intense evaporation from these lagoons resulted in the precipitation of a carbonate-sulphate complex and the thick halite beds as seen to the south west of Alderley in Northwich where the salt is mined commercially. It was in this type of environment that the Mercia Mudstone Group (formerly Keuper Marl) was deposited. The sequence of formations in the Sherwood and Mercia mudstone groups in this region illustrates clearly the upward transition from continental fluvial to deltaic and littoral marine and ultimately to the hypersaline lake epeiric sea environment of the Mercia Mudstone group.
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Sidi El Hani (or Sidi Al-Hani) (سيدي الهاني) is a town and commune in the Sousse Governorate, Tunisia located at 35.67n, 10.30e. As of 2004 it had a population of 3,058. It gives its name to the largest lake of the governorate, a natural salt lake or salt pan (sabkha) in dry seasons, the Sebkhet de Sidi El Hani which is shared with between one and two other areas depending on precipitation and its maximum extent forms the official boundary with part of a third, Monastir Governorate. The town is 30km south-west of the coast, its straightest connection being by Tunisian Railways, with a secondary connection by road, the P12 road which is a principal road to Kairouan from the A1 a few kilometres to the east.
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Slightly higher up, a faunal sample dominated by the bivalve Eomiodon and an ostracod assemblage composed of brackish to freshwater taxa is indicative of a brackish water paleoenvironment with distinct influx of freshwater as revealed by the nonmarine ostracod genus Cypridea, charophytes, and other freshwater algae. The paleoenvironment of the ostracod assemblages of the Middle Dinosaur Member changed upsection from a marine setting in the basal parts through alternating marine-brackish conditions to freshwater conditions in the higher parts of this member. The highly sporadic occurrence, in this part of the section, of molluscs typical of marginal marine habitats indicates only a very weak marine influence, at sabkha-like coastal plains with ephemeral brackish lakes and ponds are recorded in the upper part of the Middle Dinosaur Member. This part also contains pedogenic calcretes indicating subaerial exposure and the onset of soil formation.
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Size and body proportions of Euromycter rutenus The holotype of Euromycter comes from the top of the red pelitic beds of the M1 Member, in the basal part of the Grès Rouge (“Red Sandstone”) Group, a sedimentary sequence subdivided into five hectometric members (M1 to M5) localized in the western Rodez basin. The deposits are interpreted as a playa- lake environment (or Sabkha) under a semi-arid, hot climate. The age of the Grès Rouge Group is uncertain but it is regarded as contemporaneous to the Saxonian Group of the neighbouring Lodève basin, where radiometric and magnetostratigraphic data suggested previously an age between the late Sakmarian (middle of the Early Permian) and the early Lopingian (early Late Permian). However, new chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data for the Saxonian Group indicate an age between the Artinskian (for the Rabejac Formation and the Octon Member of the Salagou Formation) and the Roadian- Wordian (for La Lieude Formation).
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The holotype of Ruthenosaurus was found in the uppert part of the red pelitic beds of the M2 Member, which belongs to the Grès Rouge (“Red Sandstone”) Group, a sedimentary sequence subdivided into five hectometric members (M1 to M5) localized in the western Rodez basin. Like the M1 Member that has yielded Euromycter, the deposits of the M2 Member are interpreted as a playa-lake environment (or Sabkha) under a semi-arid, hot climate. The age of the Grès Rouge Group is uncertain but it is regarded as contemporaneous to the Saxonian Group of the neighbourhing Lodève basin, where radiometric and magnetostratigraphic data suggested previously an age between the late Sakmarian (middle of the Early Permian) and the early Lopingian (early Late Permian). However, new chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data for the Saxonian Group indicate an age between the Artinskian (for the Rabejac Formation and the Octon Member of the Salagou Formation) and the Roadian-Wordian (for La Lieude Formation).
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