122 Sentences With "hardpan" | Random Sentence Generator

"I came up against hardpan, where you can't dig down," she told me.

Dirt tracks are made of several layers, like a cake: the crushed limestone "base," the "hardpan" of compacted sand, and then the softer sandy cushion on top.

As we sat there, staring over the orchards and hardpan and hovels that lined the Arghandab River Valley, it kind of felt as if I had stepped out of time.

The hardpan needs to be flat so that everything on top of it stays consistent, which is accomplished by regular grooming from a harrow, a tractor fitted with a set of wide, deep tines.

The ground-penetrating radar machine gets dragged on a thin sled along the surface of the racetrack, where it shoots electromagnetic waves deep into the ground to determine the thickness and evenness of base, hardpan, and cushion.

The collection's other stories are no less bleak, about people eking out hardpan livings on failing ranches, in defeated families, in tough cowboy bars — or in the case of 'The Mud Below,' on the backs of mean bulls on the rodeo circuit.

" Read Our Review No. 21919 Wyoming In this collection, Proulx tells the stories of people who "lead hard lives, working livestock, raising sheep, riding the rodeo circuit, selling trinkets to tourists, trying to wrest a living from the gritty hardpan of their failing farms.

In addition, an increase in clay content of the subsoil above the hardpan was described in some places. Where the hardpan was less than 30 inches deep, it was noted that it was necessary to fracture the hardpan by blasting to grow fruit trees.

For the most part, but not entirely, these surveys confined their recognition of San Joaquin soils to those areas of reddish hardpan soils having a clayey subsoil resting on the hardpan. For a period of time, a very similar soil was recognized as the Rocklin series which differed from the San Joaquin series only in having thick, consolidated sediments beneath its hardpan, opposed to looser sediments beneath the San Joaquin hardpan. This was considered to be of practical importance in modifying these soils for deep rooted crops.

Topography - sloping to undulating with 'hog wallow' microrelief. Reddish brown topsoil over heavier (finer textured) subsoil containing an iron-cemented hardpan. Redder in the surface and denser hardpan than associated Madera soil. Used mostly for pasture and for dry-farmed grain.

Adjacent just north is the Pine Valley Hardpan, which has washes feeding it from the northwest (Tunnel Springs Mtns), and northeast; and from the alluvial fan washes southwest, Pine Valley Wash, south, and other washes from the east and southeast (Wah Wah Mtns). The lowpoint of the valley is probably Pine Valley Hardpan, or the Pine Valley Wash sinks.

The road terminates further north at the east-west stretch of U.S. Route 6U.S. Route 50. Pine Valley Road also dissects the Pine Valley Hardpan; the west section of the hardpan is in the Desert Range Experimental Station. State Route 21 northwest, from Garrison crosses the central-north section of Pine Valley; the route transits east to Milford, about distant.

The underlying layer of bedrock was deep, above which were layers of quicksand, hardpan, rocks, clay, and soil. In addition, the water level was below the Singer Building. However, the ground composition under the lot varied significantly, as the hardpan was compact in some places and loose in others. Below the water level, the ground was saturated with groundwater, making it unfeasible to dig the cellar conventionally.

The Fort Center site consists of three environments: a meander belt along the stream consisting of a floodplain swamp and natural levees, wet prairie, and oak-cabbage palm-saw palmetto hammocks.Sears:130, 184 The floodplain and prairie are subject to frequent flooding.Sears:130, 191 The prairie consists of two to four feet of sandy soil on a hardpan, resulting in poor drainage. The stream meander belt cuts below the hardpan.

This works because gypsum salts, although not "soft", are still water permeable and have a larger, more open structure, the results of which do not promote as hard a matrix as was replaced. However, unlike when employing mechanical means, breaking a hardpan through the use of amendments may require action over the course of years, and even then one is by no means assured success. The results are primarily determined by how extensive and / or intractable the hardpan is.

Agricola was a station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Agricola had a post office from the 1875 until 1974. The post office was originally called Hardpan for some time.

The Liberty Tower's foundations were dug with caissons sunk deep through the layers of quicksand and hardpan to the underlying bedrock. At the time of construction, these foundations were said to be the second-deepest of any building in the city. Each of the caissons was sunk using of cast-iron ballast, although up to of force could be applied to an individual caisson. In addition to digging the foundations, the caissons were used to excavate the quicksand and hardpan.

Heron Island has notably rich soil for a tropical coral cay, particularly in the dense southern forest. This is due to the presence of tens of thousands of wedge-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna pacifica) during breeding season. These birds disturb the humus as they dig their nesting burrows, and thus prevent the formation of Jemo soil, a phosphatic hardpan topped off by raw humus. The hardpan is formed by leaching of surface- or tree-nesting seabirds' guano in the absence of burrowing animals.

Hardpan can be a problem in farming and gardening by impeding drainage of water and restricting the growth of plant roots. In these situations, the hardpan can be broken up by either mechanical means such as digging or plowing, or through the use of soil amendments. The broadfork is a manual tool specifically designed for this task; a digging fork or a spade might also be used. The chisel plow does a similar job with the help of a tractor.

Sandbank poverty bush is widespread and common between Leonora and Newman in the Gascoyne, Little Sandy Desert, Murchison and Pilbara biogeographic regions where it grows in mulga woodland on hardpan flats or sometimes on stony hills.

Further complicating work was the presence of quicksand some below ground, underneath which was a hardpan of clay, gravel, and boulders. The Welles Building and the original Standard Oil Building contained thick footings that went into the quicksand, though only a few of the footings reached the hardpan. Thus, a cofferdam wall was built underneath part of the expanded site, extending down to the bedrock at the deepest level. A complex system of underpinning was then undertaken so that the existing buildings would not collapse while excavation and construction of the foundation was ongoing.

The depth to hardpan ranged from 1 foot to 6 feet. The cementing agent for the hard pan was thought to be ferric hydrate with some lime carbonates and probably silica. About 74,500 acres (301 km²) were mapped. The San Joaquin soil was next mapped in the Modesto-Turlock Area in 1909.Soil Survey of the Modesto-Turlock Area, California, by A.T. Sweet, J.F. Warner, and L.C. Holmes, 1909 and was described as having a "brick red" surface layer that was underlain by a "ferruginous hardpan" at depths of 15 to 60 inches.

The artificial pond in the ceremonial complex was four to five feet deep, with a nearly flat bottom. It was cut through the hardpan, allowing water above the hardpan to flow into the pond, keeping it full. Dirt from Mound B had washed into the pond, partially filling it.Sears:147, 162 Excavation of the pond yielded wooden objects, human bones from about 150 individuals, and human coprolites.Sears:8, 163-64 Some of the wooden pieces found in the pond were carved (it was a carved wooden bird found in this pond that first brought the site to the attention of archaeologists).

In the area of the finds, the ground was originally covered by a shallow, loose soil sitting atop a hardpan layer. During the dustbowl era, the loose soil was blown off, leaving any rocks and meteorites that were present stranded on the exposed surface.

With proper management, this soil has produced many billions of dollars of food wealth for the state's economy. Knowledge of the San Joaquin soil's properties and characteristics has become increasingly important in suburban and urban development. As the science of soil has advanced during this century, the concept of the San Joaquin soil has evolved, but has retained, as distinctive soil characteristics, its reddish soil color and its strongly cemented subsoil hardpan that limits root and water penetration. Aside from the texture and structure of the surface soil, the early descriptions of the San Joaquin soil paid little attention to the physical character of the subsoil above the hardpan.

The hardpan was expected to be encountered within a depth of 6 feet. The modern concept recognizes mainly a sandy loam surface soil overlying a finer textured subsoil that has a significant clay increase, at its upper boundary or within some part of the subsoil. The subsoil rests abruptly on a mainly silica-cemented hardpan at depths ranging from 20 to 40 inches. With these features, plus defined ranges of other surface and subsoil properties such as color, soil texture, structure, consistence, pH, organic matter content, and inherent temperature and moisture characteristics, USDA soil taxonomy now places the San Joaquin series in a fine, mixed, thermic family of Abruptic Durixeralfs.

In Rameswaram Island also brown sand deposits occur around Sambaimadam on either side of NH 49 west of the town. The marine formation comprises coastal plain deposits of sand and clay in varied proportion. Marine calcareous hardpan occurs as low terraces and platforms, with admixture of quartz, limonite and garnet concentration.

Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil that fuse and bind the soil particles. These deposits can range from dissolved silica to matrices formed from iron oxides and calcium carbonate. Others are man-made, such as hardpan formed by compaction from repeated plowing, particularly with moldboard plows, or by heavy traffic or pollution.

The PPVPP also consists of areas designated for public use, such as baseball diamonds, playing fields, parking lots, roads, and trails. These vernal pools are positioned on a high terrace approximately above the north bank of the American River. Their elevation ranges from above sea level. They are classified as northern hardpan vernal pools.

In 1914, attendance was so bad that the Solons moved to San Francisco in the middle of the season, finishing out the year as the San Francisco Missions. The team was sold to Salt Lake City businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane after that season and moved there for the 1915 season, renamed the Salt Lake Bees.

The valley is endorheic, with a north flowing Pine Valley Wash that ends in sinks. At about 7-mi north of the sinks region, in a north valley area, lies the Pine Valley Hardpan, about Utah DeLorme Atlas, p. 40. long, east-west. The northwest of Pine Valley contains a long Desert Biosphere Reserve and Experimental Station.

Soil structure strongly affects its tendency to form a hard pan. One such common soil condition related to hardpan is soil pH. Acid soils are most often affected due to the propensity of certain mineral salts, most notably iron and calcium, to form hard complexes with soil particles under acid conditions. Another major determinant is the soil particle size.

Böstlingen was first documented in 1378. In the Celle treasury register (Schatzregister) in 1438 there is mention of 3 farms at Böstlingen. For centuries heath farmers earned a living here by keeping moorland sheep, known as Heidschnucken. Not until the 19th century, when they succeeded in breaking up the hardpan and cultivating arable land, did sheep farming decline.

The ability of plantain to survive frequent trampling and colonize compacted soils makes it important for soil rehabilitation. Its roots break up hardpan surfaces, while simultaneously holding together the soil to prevent erosion. The seeds of plantain are a common contaminant in cereal grain and other crop seeds. As a result, it now has a worldwide distribution.

Radio-carbon dating indicates that all three circles were complete by 450 BCE. There is no evidence of the circles being used for habitation, ceremonial or defense purposes. Sears holds that the maize pollen indicates that the circles were used for cultivation. The ditches around the circles penetrated the hardpan, helping to drain the prairie soil.

The use of soil amendments can also be employed to alter the soil structure and promote the dissolution of the hard pan. It has been observed that increasing the amount of soil organic matter through the working-in of manure, compost or peat can both improve local drainage and promote the proliferation of earth worms that can, over time, break relatively thin hardpan layers. More difficult hardpans may be further improved through the action of both adjusting the soil pH with lime if the soil is acidic, and with the addition of gypsum. This combination can help loosen clay particles bound into a hardpan by the actions of hard salts such as iron, calcium carbonate and sodium, by promoting their mobility through a higher pH while proving a suitable source of exchanging minerals (the gypsum).

Thibaud then was involved in Hardpan, a collaboration between Singer-Songwriters in 2002, including Thibaud, Chris Borrouhgs, Terry Lee Hale and Joseph Parsons. Thibaud also wrote the theme song to the 2000 Big East basketball championship for ESPN, a song entitled "In the City Tonight".Beth Carney and Jim Sullivan, "Thibaud Pens Theme for ESPN Event". Boston Globe, March 10, 2000.

Shallow water fossils taken from just above Enewetak's basalt base are dated to about 55 mya.Atoll Research Bulletin No. 260 Soils are ultimately based on storm-driven ridges of coral rubble, standing high. Away from the shorelines, soils are primarily sandy.Atoll Research Bulletin No. 113, page 21 A thick layer of humus with a phosphate hardpan lies under the Pisonia forests.

The homestead is situated on the southern block. This block consists of the broad alluvial plains of Turee Creek flanked by hardpan plains. The northern block is made up of a narrow river valley flanked by jagged hills and undulating plains. The station was owned by Piesse and Maguire in 1932 who were trading in bullocks to the sale yards in Meekatharra.

The design provides deep tillage, loosening soil deeper than a tiller or plough is capable of reaching. Agricultural subsoilers, according to the Unverferth Company, can disrupt hardpan ground down to depths.Brent Tremor Agricultural Subsoilers The subsoiler consists of three or more heavy vertical shanks (standards) mounted on a toolbar or frame with share bolts. They can be operated at depths of or more.

All of Senneville lies over dolomite. In contrast to the monotony of this bedrock, there are many types of soil in the municipality. Clay is common near the northeastern corner and part of the western shores. Sand dominates many inland areas; it is rapidly drained in places but often has impeded drainage due to the type of hardpan which develops in podzols.

The park consists of limestone hills, slate and hardpan at altitudes ranging from 300 to 1,028 meters.National parks in northern Thailand Thung Salaeng Luang is inlaid with meadows, especially in the southern portions of the park. The park is the source of numerous streams. There are large salt licks at Pong Sai in the northwest and Pong Thung Phaya in the southwest.

A red clay loam layer above the hardpan was recognized. About 90,000 acres (360 km²) were mapped. In 1911, the San Joaquin soil was mapped in the Madera Area.Soil Survey of the Madera Area, California, by A.T. Strahorn, H.L. Westover, L.C. Holmes, E.C. Eckman, J.W. Nelson, and C. Van Duyne, 1911 The concept of the soil did not change in this survey.

For the next six years, the team played at Civic Stadium, featuring a playing field of hardpan dirt. Events took a definite turn for the better in 1938 when Emil Sick, owner of Seattle's Rainier Brewing Company, bought the Indians and renamed them the Seattle Rainiers. He began construction of Sick's Stadium, a 15,000-seat facility on the site of old Dugdale Field.

As the sandy soil with a layer of hardpan was too infertile for the desired grass-covered airfield, plenty of peat and dung was used as fertilizer. The airfield was connected to roads, among them the Reichsstrasse 3 (today B3). A concrete ring road surrounded the area. Wooden huts were erected on the airfield, housing air traffic control, crew quarters, a mess hall and a military hospital.

Kankar or kunkur is a sedimentological term derived from Hindi, occasionally applied in India and the United States to detrital or residual rolled, often nodular calcium carbonate formed in soils of semi-arid regions. It forms sheets across alluvial plains and can occur as discontinuous lines of nodular kankar or as indurated layers in stratigraphic profiles more commonly referred to as calcrete, hardpan or duricrust.

Care was taken to maintain vertical profiles every five feet and to keep a clean floor in the trench going down to the hardpan. The excavation revealed no evidence of midden material. Also no potsherds were found in the mound. There was no evidence on the site of any structures and very little information that would give any information as to who built the mound.

Countless hours were spent excavating the hardpan layer that cements much of Fresno's soil to create his underground home. It had a summer bedroom, a winter bedroom, a bath, a functional kitchen, a fish pond, and a parlor with a fireplace.Forestiere Historical Center , Retrieved 27 Apr. 2013. Interspersed amongst the beautiful stone walls and archways are grottoes and courtyards that allow for pockets of light.

In Rameswaram Island, the fluvio-marine deposits include indurated sand and dune sands. Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary spot-billed pelican The Aeolian deposits comprise red sands which are in nature of ancient dunes and occur over a 3.2 km wide and 8 km long stretch and lie parallel to the sea coast. These are separated by marshy deposits of black clays. The sands are underlain by calcareous hardpan.

The San Joaquin soil was first recognized in the survey of the Fresno Area in 1900.Soil Survey Around Fresno Area, California, by T.H. Means and J.G. Holmes, 1900. At that time it was mapped as San Joaquin sandy loam on the "Red Formation" and characterized as being underlain by a "red sandstone hardpan." The soil was described as having a hog wallow (mound and swale) relief.

The chisel plough is a common tool for deep tillage (prepared land) with limited soil disruption. Its main function is to loosen and aerate the soils, while leaving crop residue on top. This plough can be used to reduce the effects of soil compaction and to help break up ploughpan and hardpan. Unlike many other ploughs, the chisel will not invert or turn the soil.

The rolling landscape of Golden Prairie developed from Mississippian sandstones, shales, and cherty limestone. It contains examples of dry-mesic sandstone prairie, chert prairie, hardpan prairie, and prairie swale. State-endangered species found at Golden Prairie include the prairie mole cricket, the regal fritillary butterfly, and the Arkansas darter. The federally-endangered prairie chicken, formerly common on the prairie, has not been observed for several years.

John Killefer apprenticed for two years as a blacksmith beginning in 1850, then moved to southern California and bought an orange grove. He soon noticed the phenomenon referred to as hardpan (the creation of a water resistant soil layer). Sometime in 1892 he designed and created the chisel plough for land tilling to prevent or defeat hardpanning. He founded Killefer Manufacturing Company in 1893 in San Bernardino, California.

The soils of the ditches, dells and lowlands in the southwest are filled with groundwater close to the surface. These gley soils are natural locations for grasslands. Peaks and ridges are rising from the lowlands consisting of dune sands und meltwater sands, which are sediments and sedimentary rock of the quaternary. These sands have decomposed to nutrient-poor, acidic heather soils (Podsols), partly with hardpan in the subsoil.

The long-nosed leopard lizard prefers to inhabit arid and semiarid plains growth, like bunch grass, alkali bush, sagebrush, creosote bush, and other scattered low plants. The ground can be hardpan, sand, or even gravel with rocks that may often be used as basking sites. G. wislizenii prefers flat areas with open space for running, avoiding densely vegetated areas. It is found from near sea level to around .

However, in 1915, the San Francisco Missions were sold to Utah businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane who moved the team to Salt Lake City. The club was named the Bees from 1915–1925. Due to the high altitude and the dimensions of the club's Bonneville Park stadium, the Bees recorded some of the best batting records in the PCL during this period. The club was named the Bees name from 1915–1925.

Instead, he decided to use pilings because he felt that it was sufficient for the layers of rock and hardpan to be immediately adjacent. Pilings had been previously used in two other Lower Manhattan buildings: the New York Produce Exchange and the Havemeyer Building. The foundation consisted of pilings that descended at least , except at the boiler room where they descended . A layer of concrete, approximately thick, was then placed atop the pilings.

The lowest point in Beaver County is located just south of the Wah Wah Hardpan (dry lake), at the Millard County line.Nash, Fred J., 2008, Utah's Low Points: A guide to the Lowest Points in Utah's 29 Counties, The valley is sparsely populated today, but it has had residents in the past, like in the ghost town of Newhouse. These people moved here for mining, but later, the region was used for grazing.

While the basement floor is below sea level and consists of a concrete layer, the walls of the cofferdam descend below the floor of the basement. Other portions of the foundation included I-beam grillages and distributing girders. The annex superstructure contains 71 main columns, 53 of which sit atop forty-five granite foundation piers. The other 18 main columns are inside the boiler room walls and are carried down directly to the hardpan.

The heath farmers and their wives ensured their survival by keeping hardy moorland sheep, known as Heidschnucken. Not until the hardpan could be broken, enabling the cultivation of arable land, did sheep farming decline. The area around Ettenbostel is described in local lore as the "most beautiful ancient heathland" in the old district of Fallingbostel. At the time of the resettlement there were 173 inhabitants living in Ettenbostel and the neighbouring village of Benhorn.

Even in alluvial soils, root growth may be limited by a hardpan or caliche layer formed by carbonates leaching through the soil and accumulating. As a result, shrub cover is sparse in contrast to other sagebrush-covered ecoregions in Nevada. The grass understory grades from a dominance of cool season grasses, such as bluebunch wheatgrass, in the north, to warm season grasses, such as blue grama (an indicator of summer rainfall) in the south.

Before it was called Lane Field, the stadium began its life as a U.S. Navy athletic field in 1925. Two years later, football bleachers were added. The field also had a track, used for motorcycle and auto races. When Bill "Hardpan" Lane relocated his Hollywood Stars from the Los Angeles area in 1936, to become the San Diego Padres, he arranged for the Works Progress Administration to rebuild the venue as a baseball park.

If its basin is primarily salt, then a dry lake is called a salt pan, pan, or salt flat (the latter being a remnant of a salt lake). Hardpan is the dry terminus of an internally drained basin in a dry climate, a designation typically used in the Great Basin of the western United States. The Chott el Djerid in Tunisia Another term for dry lake is playa. The Spanish word playa () literally means "beach".

The surrounding area has leached, gravelly-sandy soils with layers of hardpan, covered by open sand, large areas of heathland and extensive coniferous forest. The heathland is grazed by a variety of moorland sheep, known as the Heidschnucke. The Wilseder Berg lies on a watershed, from which several headstreams emerge, such as those of the Este, Luhe, Wümme and Böhme. Some of these streams feed the river system of the Weser, others flow eventually into the Elbe.

Soils with a high clay content are also easily compacted and affected by man-made discharges. Clay particles have a strong negative electrostatic charge and will readily bond to positively charged ions dissolved in the soil-water matrix. Common salts such as sodium ions contained in wastewater can fulfil this role and lead to a localized hardpan in some soil types. This is a common cause of septic system failure due to the prevention of proper drainage in field.

Within the northwestern United States, Mima mounds typically are part of what is commonly known as hog-wallow landscape. This type of landscape typically has a shallow basement layer such as bedrock, hardpan, claypan, or densely bedded gravel. In the northwestern United States, Mima mounds also occur within landscapes where a permanent water table impedes drainage, creating waterlogged soil conditions for prolonged periods. Mima mounds are named after the Mima Prairie in Thurston County, Washington.Cox, G.W., 1984a.

The Phoenix Vernal Pools are located in Fair Oaks, a suburb of Sacramento city, around 20 miles east of the city of Sacramento and north of highway 50. This land consists of seasonally inundated wetlands that form after winter rains. The climate type of Phoenix Vernal Pools is classified as Mediterranean, receiving of rain per year. The rainwater percolates into the soil until it reaches an impermeable hardpan that causes an elevated water table, forming the vernal pools.

Plinthite (from the Greek plinthos, brick) is an iron-rich, humus-poor mixture of clay with quartz and other minerals. Plinthite is a redoximorphic feature in highly weathered soil. The product of pedogenesis, it commonly occurs as dark red redox concretions that usually form platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone hardpan or to irregular soil aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying, especially if it is also exposed to heat from the sun.

A rotary power harrow, or simply power harrow, has multiple sets of vertical tines. Each set of tines is rotated on a vertical axis and tills the soil horizontally. The result is that, unlike a rotary tiller, soil layers are not turned over or inverted, which is useful in preventing dormant weed seeds from being brought to the surface, and there is no horizontal slicing of the subsurface soil that can lead to hardpan formation. Jean-Martin Fortier.

Amenities include picnic pavilions, nature trails, a fishing pier, a boat ramp, bike trails and beaches. The park is open from 8:00 am till sundown year round. The coastal landscape and beach at Big Talbot Island is unique within the state of Florida for its rock-like sedimentary hardpan soil deposits underlying the surface. Where these formations are exposed in the shallow waters surrounded the island they provide habitat for molluscs, crabs, oysters, and other tide pool creatures.

To solve the problem of the city's water-saturated sandy soil and bedrock below the surface, Root came up with a plan to dig down to a "hardpan" layer of clay on which was laid a thick pad of concrete overlaid with steel rails placed at right-angles to form a lattice "grill", which was then filled with Portland cement. This "floating foundation" was, in effect, artificially-created bedrock on which the building could be constructed.

Franklin lies in the northern part of Delaware County. It is bordered by Otsego County on the north, the towns of Davenport and Meredith on the east, the towns of Delhi, Hamden, and Walton on the south, and the town of Sidney on the west. Franklin has views of forested hills, streams, ponds, historic homes and commercial buildings, and numerous winding roads. Its surface is hilly upland made of shaly loam atop hardpan, while the valleys consist of gravelly loam and alluvium.

Atrium of Providence City Hall City Council chambers "The building's construction is of iron and brick, faced with Westerly granite on the Dorrance and Washington Street sides and New Hampshire granite on the other two sides. The sidewalks are granite blocks, 5 to 6 feet wide and 18 to 20 feet long. The entire structure was built on an artificial foundation set atop 3,128 pilings driven deep into the underlying hardpan."History of City Hall. Providenceri.com. Retrieved on June 1, 2014.

Casing is often used when the sides of the borehole are likely to slough off before concrete is poured. For end-bearing piles, drilling continues until the borehole has extended a sufficient depth (socketing) into a sufficiently strong layer. Depending on site geology, this can be a rock layer, or hardpan, or other dense, strong layers. Both the diameter of the pile and the depth of the pile are highly specific to the ground conditions, loading conditions, and nature of the project.

It is native to the Pilbara, Mid West and Goldfields regions of Western Australia. where the bulk of the population is found from around Gascoyne Junction in the west to around Yalgoo and then extending east into the Northern Territory and South Australia where it is found in many different types of habitats but usually situated on stony plains growing in sandy loam, clay or sandy soils commonly over hardpan as a part of mixed open Mulga shrubland or woodland communities.

A few "rejects" were found, but almost no completed or nearly completed specimens. The artifacts indicate that main period of workshop activity took place during the Late Archaic period. The site is not a source site of quartz; rather the quartz came from the streambed of the Coosawattee River. A village site was also discovered, as testing with a light steel probe uncovered a "hardpan", a tough compacted span of soil that is indicative of a floor of a housing structure.

The system, devised in house by Flagg's office, was more than twice as expensive as a conventional foundation would have cost for a building of the Singer Tower's size. The original plan was for the caissons to be sunk only deep, but the builders changed plans midway through the excavations, so that the caissons would go to hardpan. The original portions of the building were built on grillages below the sidewalk level. These foundations were strengthened when the tower was added.

The vast majority of western pond turtle hatchlings overwinter in the nest, and this phenomenon seems prevalent in most parts of the range, especially northern areas. This might explain the difficulty researchers have had in trying to locate hatchlings in the fall months. Winter rains may be necessary to loosen the hardpan soil where some nests are deposited. It may be that the nest is the safest place for hatchlings to shelter while they await the return of warm weather.

It is found in drier parts of central and western parts of Australia in Western Australia, South Australia, the Northern Territory and outback of New South Wales and Queensland. In Western Australia it is found the Pilbara, Mid West and Goldfields-Esperance regions. It is found in many habitats from stony or gravelly red-brown sandy loam, clay-loam or clay soils often over hardpan. It is also found on alluvial flats and wet areas on slopes and tops of rocky hills.

The species is found in arid areas in Western Australia, northern and central South Australia and southern parts of the Northern Territory. In Western Australia it is native to an area in the Mid West, Pilbara and Goldfields regions. It is usually situated on in gently undulating country or plains and frequently over hardpan or on low rocky hills where it tends to grow in red-brown sandy loam or skeletal soils as a part of mixed Acacia shrubland or open woodland communities.

The Kern Front Field is bounded on the west by California State Route 65, on the southwest by James Road, and on the southeast by Bakersfield-Glennville Road. Oilfields Road runs south to north through the field. Being within the ecological subsection of the California Central Valley known as the Hardpan Terraces, at an elevation of less than , the predominant native vegetation is needlegrass. The climate is hot and arid, with summertime temperatures routinely exceeding ; the mean freeze-free period runs from about 250 to 300 days.

The range is connected in the northeast to the Cricket Mountains with the same Basin and Range, southwest by northeast lineage. Both ranges form the eastern border of the Wah Wah Valley Hardpan and the usually dry Sevier Lake which both have the same northeasterly trendline. The region is in the southwest of the Sevier Desert, and the southwest Great Basin Desert. The range is linear, with a high peaks section in the southwest; the northeast lower elevation foothills merge into the Cricket Mountains.

Mazama pocket gopher trapping array The gophers are known cause damage to farms and infrastructure through burrowing or consuming vegetation. Mitigating damage can be done by installing a gopher fence, which has to be at least 6 inches above ground and go down to a depth of over 2 feet or until bedrock or hardpan is struck. This fence is considered a temporary and not permanent defense against the gophers. Gophers are unlikely to be deterred by frightening devices like vibrating stakes, pinwheels and other sound devices.

It is native to the Mid West, Pilbara and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia as well as southern parts of the Northern Territory and northern parts of South Australia where it is often situated on flats or undulating plains and on rocky hills growing in red-brown loamy, silty loamy, sandy loamy or clay-loam soils although it also less frequently found in clay often over hardpan or in skeletal soils as a part of mixed Eucalyptus shrubland communities that usually have a cover of spinifex.

The Mendocino cypress is highly variable in growth form, depending on soil conditions. In the pygmy forest plant community on poor, acidic, nutrient-starved podsol soils with drainage impeded by an iron hardpan, it is a stunted tree from 0.2–5 meters in height at maturity. When occurring in its pygmy form, it is sometimes called pygmy cypress. When growing on deep, well-drained soils it can be a large tree up to 30–50 meters in height and 1–2.4 m in trunk diameter.

It is native to an area of the Goldfields-Esperance and Mid West regions of Western Australia. The bulk of the population is found from around Yalgoo in the west to around Meekatharra in the north down to around Kalgoorlie in the south extending to around the northern edge of the Nullarbor Plain in the east. A. caesaneura if often situated on plains or undulating country growing in red-brown sandy loam to clay soils sometimes over hardpan as a part of Acacia shrubland or woodland communities.

Distribution of Durisols In the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), a Durisol is a soil of arid and semi-arid environments that contains cemented secondary silica (SiO2) in the upper metre of soil, either as concretions (durinodes – duric horizon) or als continuously cemented layer (duripan – hardpan (Australia) – dorbank (South Africa) – petroduric horizon). In the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World, the Durisols with petroduric horizon were indicated as duripan phase of other soils, e.g. of Xerosols and Yermosols. Durisols are developed mainly in alluvial and colluvial deposits of all texture classes.

The town of Franklin lies in the northern part of Delaware County, in an area of wooded hills, streams, ponds, historic homes, commercial buildings, and numerous winding roads. Its surface is hilly upland made of shaley loam atop hardpan, while the valleys consist of gravelly loam and alluvium. Ouleout Creek, which flows into the Susquehanna River, is the main surface water feature. The waterway was important to village development, not only for water supply but as transportation arteries for travel as well as shipment of lumber and goods to market.

Soils that are predominantly clay will pass water very slowly downward, meanwhile plant roots suffocate because the excessive water around the roots eliminates air movement through the soil. Other soils may have an impervious layer of mineralized soil, called a hardpan or relatively impervious rock layers may underlie shallow soils. Drainage is especially important in tree fruit production. Soils that are otherwise excellent may be waterlogged for a week of the year, which is sufficient to kill fruit trees and cost the productivity of the land until replacements can be established.

Only once the hardpan could be dealt with it was possible to cultivate crops, like grain and fruit trees, in order to generate new sources of income. Long established families are closely linked to the history and development of the village. The oldest surnames include: 1379: Ghogeue, 1438: Bode 1438: Niegemeiger, 1438: de rode Cordesche, 1438: Metteke, 1438: Detmer: 1438: Eggerdeschen stede woste, 1528: Hans Lethsemann, 1528: Cordt Pruschhagen, 1528: Cordt tom Kampe, 1528: Dirick 1528: Enmers, 1899: Oelfke. Large farms still bear witness to the development of these families today.

The team was sold to Utah businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane and moved to Salt Lake City for the 1915 season. They played as the Salt Lake City Bees for the next 11 seasons until Lane moved the team to Los Angeles for the 1926 season. Originally they were known as the Hollywood Bees, but soon changed their name to the Hollywood Stars. The original Stars, though supposedly representing Hollywood, actually played their home games as tenants of the Los Angeles Angels at Wrigley Field in South Los Angeles.

The lake is a long channel that spans much of northern Palm Beach County; indeed, the Intracoastal Waterway traverses the length of the lagoon. The manmade inlets to the ocean have replaced the natural freshwater with saltwater, such that the lagoon is actually now a tidal body, instead of a true lagoon. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has mapped most of Lake Worth Beach in the Southern Florida Flatwoods land resource area. Deep, poorly drained acidic sandy soils are typical for the area; they have gray topsoil, white subsoil, and a dark hardpan.

The 1905 Open Championship was held 7–9 June at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Scottish champion golfer James Braid won the Championship for the second time, by five strokes from runners-up Jones and the legendary J.H. Taylor. All entries played 18 holes on the first two days with all those within 14 strokes of the leader making the cut and playing 36 holes on the final day. Strong winds and baked hardpan conditions made scoring exceptionally difficult on all three days. Only a few players managed to break 80.

The San Joaquin series became the official state soil on August 20, 1997, the result of efforts by students and teachers from Martin Luther King, Jr. Middle School in Madera, natural resource professionals, the Professional Soil Scientists Association of California, legislators, and various state universities. These soils are used for irrigated crops, such as wheat, rice, figs, almonds, oranges, and grapes, and for pasture and urban development. San Joaquin soils formed in old alluvium on hummocky topography. A cemented hardpan a few feet beneath the surface restricts roots and water percolation.

A tunnel leading into a patio in Forestiere's complex The kitchen of the Forestiere Underground Gardens In 1904 Sicilian immigrant Baldassare Forestiere bought a plot of land in Fresno for horticulture. The hardpan soil however, was unsuited for the fruit trees he intended to plant. While working elsewhere Forestiere dug a maze of underground and below ground spaces to escape the summer heat of the San Joaquin Valley. He opened up ceilings to let in light and below he planted the fruit trees he wanted in the first place.

It is the agricultural heartland of Cyprus, but it depends completely on winter rainfall and irrigation for its water, which limits production. It is also the most settled region on the island, containing dozens of villages and many of the largest towns, including the capital, Nicosia. Due to deforestation, much of the Mesaoria is covered with "Kafkalla", which is a local term referring to calcium carbonate that has been compacted into a hardpan. The only plants that grow well on this surface are quickly eaten by grazing animals, which has greatly exacerbated soil erosion.

A layer of concrete, reinforced with steel beams, forms a spread footing extending out under the surrounding streets, spreading the weight of the building over a large area of earth. The building was designed to settle , but by 1905 had settled that much and "several inches more", necessitating reconstruction of the first floor. By 1948, it had settled , resulting in a step down from the street to the ground floor. The entire east wall is supported on caissons sunk to the hardpan, installed when the subway Blue Line was dug under Dearborn Street in 1940.

Forkner expanded his holdings to and began preparing the land for his "Fig Gardens." The ambitious scale of the project can be seen in the fact that the development encompassed a streetcar line, over of streets, and an irrigation system with a -long main canal and some of side ditches. To move ahead rapidly, Forkner assembled a mix of horse-drawn Fresno scrapers and over 100 Ford tractors, at one point owning more Ford tractors than anyone else in the world. Planting the figs required blasting holes with dynamite through a top layer of hardpan to reach the underlying soil.

Elevations on the Round Mountain Field range from around at Poso Creek to at Round Mountain itself. Topographic relief is high in some parts of the field, especially the northern part of the Main Area, which is intersected by numerous deep canyons. Being mostly within the ecological subsection of the California Central Valley known as the Hardpan Terraces, the predominant native vegetation is needlegrass, with some scrub occurring, especially on north-facing slopes. The climate is hot and arid, with summertime temperatures routinely exceeding ; the mean freeze-free period runs from about 250 to 300 days.

The reason these trees do not attain their normal height is due to the highly acidic soils with minimal nutrients and a hardpan layer close to the surface. The native animals that roam the land include the black- tailed deer, raccoon, coyote, bobcat, gray fox, badger, striped skunk, and dozens of varieties of rodents such as squirrels, chipmunks, and the field mouse. Bears and cougars occasionally range the area, although visitors rarely see them. The forest, grassland, and ocean shore area host a huge variety of birds, including pelicans, ospreys, woodpeckers (including the pileated woodpecker), and oystercatchers.

They are mostly on hardpan but their yield has been improved by the use of plaggen over the centuries. The use of plaggen fertilisation for centuries until the emergence of artificial fertilizer in the late 19th century, has resulted in the formation of plaggen soils, especially around the villages. Because of the constant addition of fresh soil, the Esch, called Gaste in East Frisia, lies at a higher level than the village centres. The soil value is significantly increased by this form of fertiliser, although it is still clearly less than that of the fertile soils of the marshes.

The ard's shallow furrows are ideal for most cereals, and if the seed is sown broadcast, the ard can be used to cover the seed in rows. In fact, the ard may have been invented in the Near East to cover seed rather than till. That would explain why in Mesopotamia seed drills were used together with ards. The ard is most useful on light soils such as loams or sands, or in mountain fields where the soil is thin, and can be safely used in areas where deep ploughing would turn up hardpan or would cause salination or erosion.

Elklick Woodlands Natural Area Preserve is a Natural Area Preserve located in Fairfax County, Virginia. Owned by the Fairfax County Park Authority, it is protected with a local conservation easement, and preserves a globally rare natural community known as a "northern hardpan basic oak-hickory forest". This kind of forest occurs on diabase soil with an underlay of dense plastic clay; such terrain is called "shrink-swell soil" due to extreme variations in moisture availability exhibited throughout the year. Trees which grow in such an environment are stunted, and their relatively open canopies encourage the growth of a wide variety of grasses and herbs in the understory.

After the 1914 Pacific Coast League season, Salt Lake City businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane purchased the Sacramento Solons and brought the team to Utah as the Salt Lake City Bees. Though a charter member of the PCL, the Solons suffered on the field and at the gate, being exiled at times to Tacoma, Fresno, and San Francisco. On March 31, 1915, their first game was played with 10,000 fans pouring into Bonneville Park to cheer the Bees to a 9–3 win over the Vernon Tigers. The original Bees never won a PCL pennant, but they did draw attendees well, especially considering the small market size.

Weeds can also prevent pest insects from finding a crop, because their presence disrupts the incidence of positive cues which pests use to locate their food. Weeds may also act as a "living mulch", providing ground cover that reduces moisture loss and prevents erosion. Weeds may also improve soil fertility; dandelions, for example, bring up nutrients like calcium and nitrogen from deep in the soil with their tap root, and clover hosts nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its roots, fertilizing the soil directly. The dandelion is also one of several species which break up hardpan in overly cultivated fields, helping crops grow deeper root systems.

Howse brand modular subsoiler mounted to a tractorModular subsoiler unit, unmounted with accessoriesA subsoiler or flat lifter is a tractor-mounted farm implement used for deep tillage, loosening and breaking up soil at depths below the levels worked by moldboard ploughs, disc harrows, or rototillers. Most such tools will break up and turn over surface soil to a depth of , whereas a subsoiler will break up and loosen soil to twice those depths. The subsoiler is a tillage tool which will improve growth in all crops where soil compaction is a problem. In agriculture angled wings are used to lift and shatter the hardpan that builds up due to compaction.

Mean annual precipitation is around , almost all as rain and almost all in the winter; summers are generally rainless. Runoff is quick, and streams are dry in the summer and early autumn; water from the area flows out by Poso Creek and the Kern River to closed basins in the southern San Joaquin Valley, including Buena Vista Lake. Hardpan Terraces subregion description The field itself is spread out into five named areas, several of which consist of multiple discontiguous productive regions. The Main Area is the largest, consisting of one pool about long by across, extending north to south from Poso Creek to Kern River, and including Round Mountain.

It is native to a large area in the Pilbara and northern Goldfields regions of Western Australia where its distribution is scattered and its range extends from around north west of Wiluna in the south then eastwards into the Gibson Desert. In the north it is found on Balfour Downs and Ethel Creek Stations as well as in the Hamersley Range. The species shares much of the range of Acacia thoma. It is often situated on gently undulating plains and stony hardpan plains with skeletal shallow red-brown loamy soils mixed with ironstone pebbles and cobbles as a part of open Mulga woodland communities, sometimes with a spinifex understorey.

Many of the trails have interpretive signs about the history, geology, and fossils of the region, and three trails—Story in Stone at the Sheep Rock Unit, and Painted Cove and Leaf Hill at the Painted Hills Unit—are accessible by wheelchair. Visitors are asked to stay on the trails and off bare rock and hardpan to avoid damage to fossils and fragile soils. Ranger-led events at the monument have historically included indoor and outdoor talks, showings of an 18-minute orientation film, hikes in Blue Basin, Cant Ranch walking tours, and astronomy programs at the Painted Hills Unit. These events are free and most do not require reservations.

Picture looking down the valley (southeast) from the salt flat The Ferguson Desert is a small valley in the Hamlin-Snake Watershed of west-central Utah, southeast of the Snake Valley to the northwest, and is bound by the Burbank Hills to the west, the Tunnel Springs Mountains, Pine Valley, and Wah Wah Valley to the south, and the House Range to the north and east; Antelope Valley from the southwest is the southeast border of the Burbank Hills. It is named after James (Jim) Ferguson of Ibapah, Utah.Van Cott, J. W., 1990, Utah Place Names, He established a large ranch in the area. The term desert comes from the large hardpan (salt flat) that covers the area.

Cultivators stir and pulverize the soil, either before planting (to aerate the soil and prepare a smooth, loose seedbed) or after the crop has begun growing (to kill weeds—controlled disturbance of the topsoil close to the crop plants kills the surrounding weeds by uprooting them, burying their leaves to disrupt their photosynthesis, or a combination of both). Unlike a harrow, which disturbs the entire surface of the soil, cultivators are designed to disturb the soil in careful patterns, sparing the crop plants but disrupting the weeds. Cultivators of the toothed type are often similar in form to chisel plows, but their goals are different. Cultivator teeth work near the surface, usually for weed control, whereas chisel plow shanks work deep beneath the surface, breaking up hardpan.

She would later publish a collection of stories, Heaven and Hardpan Farm (1957), based in part on her experience of recovery and psychiatric treatment. In 1951, she published her fourth novel, The Sign of Jonah, about a Vermont girl's married life in Virginia, and in 1955, her third collection of short stories, The Empress's Ring. Most of the stories in this collection, as well as those in The Pattern of Perfection (1961) and the semi-autobiographical pieces in A New England Girlhood (1958), were published in The New Yorker. She once claimed to have sold the magazine a record number of stories in one year (12) and eventually published over 80, placing her among The New Yorker's most prolific fiction authors.

There were about 127,000 acres (514 km²) mapped. In the 1915 Reconnaissance Soil Survey of the Sacramento Valley, California by L.C. Holmes, et al., heavier (finer) textures, either clay loams or clays, were described as normally intervening between the surface soil and the hardpan in the San Joaquin soil San Joaquin soils mapped in the Reconnaissance Soil Surveys of the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California in 1915 to 1919 were similarly described. San Joaquin soil identified in Southern California at that time have subsequently been correlated with other similar, but pedologically different soils. During the 1920s and 1930s nine new soil surveys remapped, in greater detail, much of the area covered earlier by the Reconnaissance Soil Surveys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys.

Sanetoki started to collect books and in 1275 built the first organized library in Japan (for private use, of course). He built the archive not next to his chateau, but another side of the hill separated by the fireproof hardpan. For the convenience of the book owner, they dug a tunnel to connect two properties which is now covered by the wire-mesh for safety. Sanetoki 実時 treasured the books and thought the contingency “just in case.” His son (Akitoki 顕時), his grandson (Sada’aki 貞顕), and his great-grandson (Sadayuki 貞将 who was killed in 1333) were also functioned as “Lord Chamberlain” for Kamakura Government, which made them study traditional culture of Kyoto deeply as their dad / grandpa.

Unprotected, dry soil surfaces blow away with the wind or are washed away by flash floods, leaving infertile lower soil layers that bake in the sun and become an unproductive hardpan. Many scientists think that one of the most common causes is overgrazing, too much consumption of vegetation by cattle or other livestock. A shepherd guiding his sheep through the high desert outside Marrakech, Morocco Scientists agree that the existence of a desert in the place where the Sahara desert is now located is due to a natural climate cycle; this cycle often causes a lack of water in the area from time to time. There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.

A broadfork A broadfork in action In farming and gardening, the broadfork, also called a U-fork or grelinette, is a tool used to manually break up densely packed soil, including hardpan, to improve aeration and drainage. Broadforks are used as part of a no-till or reduced-till seedbed preparation process because they preserve the soil structure and avoid the resurfacing of weed seeds. It consists of five or so metal tines, approximately eight inches long, spaced a few inches apart on a horizontal bar, with two handles extending upwards to chest or shoulder level, forming a large U-shape. The operator steps up on the crossbar, using full bodyweight to drive the tines into the ground, then steps backward while pulling backwards on the handles, causing the tines to lever upwards through the soil.

Many of these practice shots were struck from the bare ground with very little grass (known locally as 'Texas hardpan') and often in very windy conditions. It is this that is widely believed to be the reason Trevino developed his extremely distinct, unique (many would say unorthodox), and compact swing-method which, of course, he went on to develop and groove with tremendous effect. A very pronounced controlled 'fade' was undoubtedly his signature shot, although he had many other shot-types in his repertoire and he is, still to this day, remembered as one of the very finest shot-makers of all time. When Trevino turned 17 in December 1956, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, and served four years as a machine gunner and was discharged in December 1960 as a corporal with the 3rd Marine Division.

Each of the bridge's leaves is divided into two along the axis of the bridge such that it functions as two parallel bridges that can be operated independently of one another; at the time of construction bridges over the Chicago River were frequently struck by vessels, and this duplex arrangement allows for leaves damaged in such a collision to be opened for repair without needing to completely close the bridge to traffic. The counterweights are below the level of the lower deck and when the bridge is opened they swing down into reinforced concrete tailpits that descend below the surface of the river. Each of the two tailpits is supported on nine cylindrical foundation piers. One of these piers was sunk to bedrock, below the river surface, the other 17 piers are sunk to the hardpan, which is below the water level.

As a result of this, the E horizon (or Ae horizon in the Canadian system of soil classification) is left bleached and ash-grey in colour, while the B horizon becomes enriched with relocated organo-mineral complexes. The colour of B horizon is consequently red, brown or black, depending on the dominance of metal ions or organic matter. Usually, the boundary between the B and eluvial Ae (or E) horizon is very distinct, and sometimes a hardpan (or Ortstein) can form, as the relocated Fe and Al and organic matter increase mineral particles, cementing them into this compacted layer. There are several reasons why these organo-mineral complexes immobilize in the B horizon: If during the eluviation process more Al- or Fe-ions bind to the organic compounds, the complex can flocculate as the solubility of it decreases with increasing metal to carbon ratio.

In Brant, NY 249 drops the Commercial Street moniker in favor of Brant-Farnham Road, crossing an at-grade intersection with US 20 (Southwestern Boulevard). After US 20, NY 249 continues eastward on Brant-Farnham Road, crossing under the lanes of the New York State Thruway (I-90), however no interchange is present. After the Thruway, the route crosses south of Brant Town Park as it heads east as a two- lane residential roadway. Approaching the hamlet of Brant, NY 249 intersects with the southern terminus of CR 492 (Hardpan Road). In Brant, NY 249 becomes a two-lane commercial street through the center of town, intersecting with CR 9 (Angola Brant Road). This intersection served as the southern terminus of NY 323 until August 14, 1980. After CR 9, NY 249 continues eastward, changing names to Brant-North Collins Road.and soon winding its way through the rural sections of Erie County. At the intersection with Versailles Plank Road, NY 249 proceeds northeast, turning east on Brant Road a short distance later, while Versailles Plank Road continues north as CR 41\.

The San Diego Padres were a minor league baseball team which played in the Pacific Coast League from 1936 through 1968. The team that would eventually become the Padres was well traveled prior to moving to San Diego. It began its existence in 1903 as the Sacramento Solons, a charter member of the PCL. The team moved to Tacoma in 1904 (where it won the PCL pennant), returned to Sacramento in 1905, then left the PCL altogether for the next three seasons. The Solons rejoined the PCL in 1909, then moved to San Francisco during the 1914 season, finishing out the season as the San Francisco Missions. The team was sold to businessman Bill "Hardpan" Lane, who moved the team to Salt Lake City for the 1915 season as the Salt Lake Bees. Eleven years later Lane moved the Bees to Los Angeles for the 1926 season, and changed their name to the Hollywood Stars. The Stars played at Wrigley Field, home of the Los Angeles Angels, winning pennants in 1929 and 1930. When, after the 1935 season, the Angels doubled the Stars' rent, Lane moved the Stars to San Diego for the 1936 season, to become the San Diego Padres.