1000 Sentences With "rufous" | Random Sentence Generator

Species to be re-introduced include rock wallabies, smaller Rufous-hare wallabies and the rodent-like burrowing bettong.

But even species that can fly, such as Rufous hummingbirds and the Swainson's and gray hawks could be harmed.

The endangered rufous scrub-bird and Hastings river mouse, meanwhile, might have lost up to 80 percent of their habitat.

The dumpy chicken-like creature with a rufous shoulder patch was a corn crake (Crex crex), a meadow-dwelling relative of the cranes from Europe.

Rufous hummingbirds can recall when they visited flowers at specific locations in their territories and keep track of whether they're full of nectar or depleted.

Some species, such as the cedar waxwing of North America and the rufous-tailed hummingbird of Central America, didn't seem to mind life in fragments.

The western rufous bristlebird (Dasyornis broadbenti litoralis), also known as the rufous bristlebird (western), the south-western rufous bristlebird or the lesser rufous bristle bird, is an extinct and little-known subspecies of the rufous bristlebird that was endemic to Western Australia.

The rufous-tailed lark was originally placed in the genus Mirafra. Alternate names for the rufous-tailed lark include bar- tailed lark, rufous-tailed desert lark, and rufous-tailed finch-lark.

The forewings are pale rufous. The hindwings are pale rufous.

The rufous fantail is also known by numerous other English names as well as several names in different languages. Some common English names include: rufous-fronted fantail, wood fantail, rufous-fronted flycatcher, wood flycatcher, red fantail, allied flycatcher, rufous flycatcher, rufous fan, red fan or redstart.

Antemedial series curved. A large bright rufous triangular patch runs from just below the apex. Cilia rufous. Hindwings reddish-brown suffusion with rufous outer margin.

Brown songlarks females also lack the rufous rump of the rufous songlark female.

Sinuous postmedial rufous line, with a rufous bands beyond it, and a submarginal line.

The central tail feathers are greenish while the outer feathers are rufous with greenish bars. The outer rectrices are barred black and white. The breast is whitish with bronze-green bars and variably washed rufous markings. Juveniles have barred rufous and greenish bronze feathers on the upper parts of the body, a bright rufous crown, rufous and mottled green or brown wings, a barred brown and rufous tail and brown-barred white under parts.

Collar yellow. Thorax and abdomen rufous. Forewings and hindwings are typical of Plutodes with bright yellow and a small rufous patch. A similar large, rufous patch on the whole outer area.

The forewings are chocolate rufous, the basal three-fifths of the costal are area orange and the nervures golden yellow washed with rufous on the inner four-fifths of the wing. There is a darker rufous and yellow double postmedian band. The hindwings are chocolate rufous.

There are traces of rufous postmedial line, oblique to vein 4 and then incurved. There are some rufous marks before the termen. The hindwings are semi-hyaline white, tinged with purplish crimson, and irrorated with some rufous scales. There are some diffused rufous marks on the termen.

A large bright rufous triangular patch is found over the whole outer area of the forewings. A black sub-apical speck visible. Cilia rufous. Hindwings reddish brown suffusion with rufous outer margin.

The female has rufous spots that may merge into a general rufous tone, and has a tawny cheek patch.

The wings are pale rufous with a silvery-grey tinge, the forewings with ill- defined antemedial, medial and oblique postmedial dark rufous lines. The hindwings have an indistinct broad postmedial dark rufous band composed of diffused lines.

Their upper wings coverts rufous-brown and marginal part of the upper wing is buffy. Primaries are rufous-brown with cinnamon-brown outer webs. Secondaries rufous-brown with cinnamon brown. Their axillaries and underwings are ashy btown.

The rufous-tailed scrub robin (Cercotrichas galactotes) is a medium-sized member of the family Muscicapidae. Other common names include the rufous scrub robin, rufous bush chat, rufous bush robin and the rufous warbler. It breeds around the Mediterranean and east to Pakistan. It also breeds south of the Sahara from the Sahel region east to Somalia; these African birds are sometimes considered to be a separate species, the African scrub robin (C. minor).

The hindwings are deep chocolate, with the base of the wing and abdominal area rufous clothed with long hairs. The nervures are rufous and there is a row of six postmedian white patches. The margin is rufous yellow.

It also has a bright yellow belly and under-tail coverts. It has two rufous wing bars and rufous wing edgings.

Fraser's rufous thrush (Stizorhina fraseri), also known as the rufous flycatcher-thrush, is a species of bird in the thrush family.

The rufous-necked laughingthrush looks very similar to a rufous-cheeked laughinthrush yet the regions where both species are found are completely different.

The rufous fishing owl (Scotopelia ussheri), rufous-backed fishing-owl or Ussher's fishing owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae.

The forewings are yellow, the costal area and inner margin bright rufous and the antemedial line rufous, oblique to vein 1, then incurved. There is a rufous spot in the middle of the cell and an oblique discoidal bar. The postmedial line is brown, crenulate, bent outwards below vein 5, then oblique and ending at vein 2. The terminal line is rufous.

The rufous-headed robin was previously placed in the genus Luscinia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that Luscinia was not monophyletic. The genus was therefore split and several species including rufous-headed robin were moved to the reinstated genus Larvivora. Within the genus Larvivora the rufous- headed robin is genetically most closely related to the rufous-tailed robin (Larvivora sibilans).

The rufous-tailed robin was previously placed in the genus Luscinia. A large molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that Luscinia was not monophyletic. The genus was therefore split and several species including rufous-tailed robin were moved to the reinstated genus Larvivora. The rufous-tailed robin is genetically most closely related to the rufous-headed robin (Larvivora ruficeps).

The tail is also rufous, with a white or rufous tip and a black subterminal band. The back and wings of the female American kestrel are rufous with dark brown barring. The undersides of the females are creamy to buff with heavy brown streaking. The tail is noticeably different from the male's, being rufous in color with numerous narrow dark black bars.

Finsch's rufous thrush (Stizorhina finschi), also known as Finsch's flycatcher-thrush, Finsch's rusty flycatcher, Finsch's ant thrush or Finsch's rufous ant thrush, is a little-known flycatcher-like thrush of West African forests. It is often considered a subspecies of Fraser's rufous thrush.

Its length is , and it weighs . The sexes are alike. The forehead and cheeks are deep rufous- chestnut. The back is rufous or orange-brown.

Since juveniles or females are essentially indistinguishable from Allen's hummingbirds unless confirmed by close inspection, eastern rufous migrants may be classified as "rufous/Allen's hummingbirds".

The Pemba scops owl is a medium-sized scops-owl with short ear-tufts. There are two colour morphs, a brown morph which is mainly pale rufous-brown with light streaking on head and faint barring om paler underparts and a rufous morph which is a bright, rich rufous, that is paler on the underwing coverts. Both morphs show a pale scapular band, whitish in the brown morph and pale rufous in the rufous morph. The bill is black while cere is greenish yellow and the eyes and legs are yellow.

The streaked upper parts, short erectile crest, creamy-buff eyebrow that merges with the lore, and the rufous flight feathers are easily discernible features. The hindcrown and nape are streaked along the feather centers while the margins vary from chestnut, rufous or pinkish buff to greyish brown. The wings appear conspicuously rufous in flight, while the outer edges of the primaries show up as a rufous panel on the closed wing. The underwing coverts are rufous, and upper coverts are broadly edged tawny or buff (or grey in race grisescens).

This morph comprises a majority of birds seen in passage east of the Mediterranean. Rufous morph buzzards are a paler grey-brown above than most nominate B. b. buteo. Compared to the nominate race, rufous vulpinus show a patterning not dissimilar but generally far more rufous-toned on head, the fringes to mantle wing coverts and, especially, on the tail and the underside. The head is grey-brown with rufous tinges usually while the tail is rufous and can vary from almost unmarked to thinly dark-barred with a subterminal band.

An adult spotted nightjar's head is speckled grey, with black central crown feathers and rufous to buff edges, while the sides of the head are blackish with tawny spots. The hind-neck is a rufous or buff collar often flecked with black marks. Upper parts are mid-grey with tawny or rufous and black streaks. Wing-coverts are speckled grey to blackish, often with pronounced buff to rufous spots.

Hind wings are yellow with a small rufous spot in the cell and elliptical discoidal annulus; postmedial line rufous, incurved below costa, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then oblique; a curved crenulate subterminal line, the apical area suffused with rufous; a terminal rufous line and a line through the cilia. It has a wingspan of .Hampson, G. F. 1912b. Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae.

There are indistinct waved antemedial, postmedial, and sub-marginal lines. The orbicular is a speck, whereas reniform white with rufous center and edge. A large apical rufous patch with whitish lunule found on its inner side. Some rufous patches with white edges found on outer part of inner margin.

As presently defined, the rufous-faced antbird is monotypic. The conservation status of the rufous-faced antbird has been assessed by BirdLife International to be of Least Concern.

The rufous-fronted bushtit or rufous-fronted tit (Aegithalos iouschistos) is a small passerine bird of the eastern and central Himalayas belonging to the long-tailed tit family, Aegithalidae.

Rufous-capped babbler in Khonoma Rufous-capped babbler in Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary The rufous-capped babbler (Cyanoderma ruficeps) is a babbler species in the family Timaliidae. It occurs from the Eastern Himalayas to northern Thailand, Laos, eastern China to Vietnam and Taiwan. It inhabits foremost temperate forest and is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. It is pale olive with a bright rufous crown and nape, is long and weighs .

The head is dark grey, and the blackish tail is tipped with pale grey- brown. The primary flight feathers are rufous. It can be mistaken for the plain chachalaca, O. vetula, which has an isolated population that overlaps in northern Costa Rica, but it is larger, more rufous below, has a white tail tip, and lacks rufous in the wings. The grey-headed chachalaca is less noisy than plain or rufous-vented chachalacas.

It has a grey head and underparts, with some streaking on the crown, neck and breast. The rest of the upperparts are rufous grey, and the uppertail is bright rufous. In flight, from above it shows rufous-chestnut flight feathers and the rufous uppertail, and from below it has a grey body, white underwing coverts, and greyish flight feathers and undertail. The juvenile is duller and browner, with a brown-grey head and white supercilium.

The rufous-headed parrotbill (Psittiparus bakeri), or greater rufous-headed parrotbill, is a parrotbill in the family Sylviidae and is found in eastern Asia from the eastern Himalayas to Indochina.

The Chiriquí quail-dove measures long. Identifying marks are its grey crown and nape, rufous breast, and black moustachial stripe. The upperparts are maroon to rufous. The eye is red.

The flight feathers are dark brown, with rufous or rufous- brown edges, and the underwing coverts are pale buffish-brown. The rump and tail are rufous-brown or chestnut. The face and neck-sides are mostly pale grey, with the lores being darker. The chin, throat and upper breast are yellowish-buff.

The wingspan is 31–36 mm. The length of the forewings is 15–17 mm. Forewing sandy rufous, black-speckled, median area generally deeper rufous: lines browner, edged with pale, the outer dentate-lunulate; stigmata with yellowish outlines and grey centres: submarginal line rufous and yellowish: hindwing white, rosy-tinged along termen; cellspot, outer line, and veins sometimes well-marked;- rubricosa Esp. is the form in which the red of the median area is most emphasised; — pallida Tutt is greyish ochreous, with hardly a vestige of rufous: in virgata Tutt, while the basal and marginal areas are grey, the median space is rufous.

The rufous-backed thrush (Turdus rufopalliatus) is a songbird of the thrush family. It is endemic to the Pacific slope of Mexico. It is also known as the rufous-backed robin.

The rufous fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons) is a small Passerine bird, most commonly known also as the black-breasted rufous-fantail or rufous-fronted fantail, which can be found in Australia, Indonesia, Micronesia, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. In these countries they inhabit rainforests, wet forests, swamp woodlands and mangroves. Characteristic of species that have a large range, the rufous fantail has many subspecies. However the taxonomic treatment of its subspecies and other relatives is still debated.

This species has a wingspan of 35–39 mm. Forewings with crenulate cilia. Head and collar chestnut colored, whereas thorax dark red-brown, with white lines. Abdomen fuscous with rufous dorsal marks on first segment, then some long white hair and rufous tufts on distal segments, some lateral rufous marks also can be seen.

The thighs are always pure rufous (not always easily seen), and the underwing coverts are white in the northern subspecies and rufous in the southern. Juveniles are very variable. They can be white, buff or rufous below, and sometimes with dark streaks. Their upperparts are browner than in adults, and the thighs are sometimes paler.

The rufous wren could be confused with the sepia-brown wren (Cinnycerthia olivascens), but that species is less rufous and has bolder barring on wings and tail. Another similar bird is the rufous spinetail (Synallaxis unirufa), but that species has a longer tail, has no barring on wings and tail and is altogether different in voice and habits.

It is long and weighs on average. The bill measures around and is strongly decurved, long and thin - though compared to the bills of other hummingbirds, it is rather robust. The rufous-breasted hermit has a brownish head, bronze-green upperparts and rufous underparts. The tail has green central feathers and rufous outer feathers, all tipped white.

The rufous monarch (Monarcha rubiensis), or rufous monarch flycatcher, is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae found in western New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The park is 1152 km northwest of Brisbane, and just south of the town of Winton. Birds common to the area include the painted firetail, rufous- crowned emu-wren and rufous-throated honeyeater.

Adults are rufous brown with a paler, yellowish ground colour.

The hindwings are white, the costal area tinged with rufous.

The adult male has a crest of slender and rigid black tipped rufous feathers, that extend dorsally from its rufous coloured head feathers. It has a throat of darker iridescent green feathers which ends posteriorly in small pointed white feathers. A vertical band of rufous feathers frames the green throat and tail feathers of the males, and the tail ends in a double-rounded shape. Female rufous-crested coquettes share a similar physiology to the males, with a few key defining differences.

The underside can be uniformly pale to dark rufous, barred heavily or lightly with rufous or with dusky barring, usually with darker individuals showing the U as in nominate but with a rufous hue. The pale morph of the steppe buzzard is commonest in the west of its subspecies range, predominantly seen in winter and migration at the various land bridge of the Mediterranean. As in the rufous morph, the pale morph vulpinus is grey-brown above but the tail is generally marked with thin dark bars and a subterminal band, only showing rufous near the tip. The underside in the pale morph is greyish-white with dark grey-brown or somewhat streaked head to chest and barred belly and chest, occasionally showing darker flanks that can be somewhat rufous.

There are also environmental factors involved. The Italian study showed that brown- morph birds were found in denser woodland, and in Finland, Gloger's rule would suggest that paler birds would in any case predominate in the colder climate. In Poland, neither primary morph was necessary predominant, with 51.4% of 107 owls being rufous morph and 46.7% being grey morphs and this may qualify as a transitional zone.Gryz, J., & Krauze-Gryz, D. (2013). Plumage colour polymorphism among central Poland's tawny owls Strix aluco Linnaeus, 1758. Zoology and Ecology, 23(1), 58-60. Other areas studied for colour morph proportions showed the following, in England (sample size 31): 55% rufous 39% grey and 6% intermediate; in France (315): 65% rufous and 35% grey; in Spain (54): 26% rufous, 65% grey and 9% intermediate; in Germany (50): 10% rufous and 90% grey; in Czech Republic (102): 32.3% rufous, 61.8% grey and 5.9% intermediate; Switzerland (79): 33% rufous and 67% grey.

Some authorities consider the Palau flycatcher to be a subspecies of the oceanic flycatcher. Alternate names include mangrove flycatcher, Micronesian broadbill, Palau broadbill, Palau Myiagra flycatcher, rufous-faced flycatcher and rufous-faced Myiagra flycatcher.

The eyes are dark brown and the lores are black. The throat and upper breast are white. The breast and neck-sides are rufous-brown to rufous. The belly and undertail coverts are white.

The rufous potoo (Nyctibius bracteatus) is a species of bird in the Nyctibiidae family. Its common name refers to its rufous, or reddish-brown color. Their species name bracteatus is Latin for "gold-leaf".

Shaft streaks on underparts are rather prominent; body feathers with buffy-rufous downs. Megascops choliba surutus (L. Kelso 1941): Found in Bolivia. Brighter rufous than crucigerus, and the streaks and bars are more reduced.

It reaches a length of between 19 and 22 cm. The wings are about 17 cm. Its plumage is rufous brown and exhibits black shaft streaks. The underparts and the facial disc are rufous.

Shaft of antennae whitish. Tegulae with rufous patches irrorated with silvery scales. Wings with rufous-edged silver spots in very ill-defined series, those below the costa of forewings forming a very ill-defined fascia.

Wings with rufous edges to the white markings. Forewings with rufous edges to the white markings. Forewings with a crimson patch beyond the postmedial line on inner area. Hindwings with yellowish and crimson basal area.

It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the rufous-chested flycatcher.

Females and immatures are entirely rufous in plumage, somewhat paler below.

It is dark brown with a rufous belly and yellow feet.

Juveniles are rufous with various dark and light barring and streaking.

The patches bright rufous, and the sub-marginal markings bluish grey.

The Ghana rufous-nosed rat is described as a good climber.

The iris, orbital ring, the base of the bill and feet are yellow. Grey adult females have a pinkish-buff or buff background to the barring and neck sides, and sometimes small rufous spots on the median and greater coverts and the outer webs of the secondary feathers. Rufous morph adult females have reddish- brown upperparts with dark grey or black bars. The black upperpart bars are narrower than the rufous bars, as opposed to rufous juvenile birds, where the black bars are broader.

Rufous-tailed hawks are threatened by many factors, especially habitat loss. Rufous-tailed hawks have been losing their habitat because of logging, over grazing by sheep and cattle, and the growth of Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations. Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus are fast-growing invasive plants that were introduced in order to spur the timber industry in Chile. The other main threat to rufous-tailed hawks are local people, who sometimes kill these birds because rufous-tailed hawks attack and eat their domesticated animals.

The rufous owl (Ninox rufa), also known as the rufous boobook, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It was described in 1846 by John Gould, an English ornithologist. Its common name reflects the rufous-coloured feathers that these owls are covered with in adulthood. While it is uncommon, the species has a wide range, including Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea.Kanowski, J. (1998) “The abundance of the rufous owl Ninox rufa in upland and highland rainforests of north-east Queensland.” Emu 98: 58-61.

The iris is typically yellow (contra illustrations in some books), but individuals (mainly sub-adults?) with a darker iris are occasionally seen. Juveniles have dark brownish or dusky upperparts with each feather typically edged rufous, giving a rather scaly appearance. The underparts are white streaked brown, and the thighs are rufous barred white. Occasionally, juveniles with underparts extensively rufous streaked blackish are seen.

There is a sub-marginal waved line produced to a point below costa, then usually obsolescent, the area beyond it rufous as far as the marginal rufous band of triangular marks, which does not extend to the costa. Hindwings with cell-speck and traces of waved medial and postmedial line. The outer area fuscous, with marginal series of triangular rufous marks.

A small owl which has an overall pale rufous colour, a plain face, a pale yellow bill and yellow eyes. The pale stripe along the shoulders is quite obvious. The adults are pale rufous brown, finely spotted with white and barred with buff. The underparts are paler and more rufous with buff bars and white spots on the belly and vent.

The secondary feathers are rufous shading to dark brown towards the tip, which is white. The chin and throat are whitish, with three black streaks on either side of throat. The breast is rufous and has narrow shaft streaks of black, the belly and thighs are also rufous but lack markings. The axillary feathers are greyish brown, spotted with white or buff.

Rufous-fronted Prinia in Rajasthan The rufous-fronted prinia (Prinia buchanani) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is found in India and Pakistan. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest.

Hindwings with rufous area extending to the base. Ventral side fuscous, with cell-spots and curved postmedial line. The green often fades and the moth appears to be rufous and ochroeus in most of the time.

The rump is rufous-orange. The central tail feathers are black, and the outer feathers are orange-rufous. The flight feathers and wing coverts are blackish brown, with olive-brown edges. The underwing coverts are grey.

Its length is , and its weight is . The sexes are alike. The head and nape are bright rufous-brown. The back, scapulars and the median and greater coverts are also rufous-brown, but are slightly paler.

The wingspan is 32–40 mm. Forewing orange rufous with some ochreous admixture; the veins dotted grey and white; the inner and outer lines deeper rufous, conversely edged with white, and dentate lunulate; submarginal line pale, preceded by a dentate rufous shade; the terminal area often paler; stigmata large, irregular; the claviform with some pale and brown scales at its extremity; orbicular and reniform pale rufous with deeper centres, the orbicular flattened, its lower edge often produced along median vein as a streak and connected with reniform, which is large with the upper end angularly produced outwards; fringe mottled rufous and white hindwing fuscous, often with a reddish tinge; the ab. griseovariegata Goeze has the rufous tints obscured by glaucous grey and fuscous.Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt.

A. r. boucardi Rufous-crowned Sparrow in Placer County, California. The rufous-crowned sparrow is a smallish sparrow at in length, with males tending to be larger than females. It ranges from in weight and averages about .

Alternate names for the rufous paradise flycatcher include the cinnamon paradise flycatcher.

The hindwings are buffish wood- grey, densely clothed with sandy rufous scales.

The female has rufous and black banding on the head and upperparts.

It is insectivorous and coloring can be either grey or rufous-brown.

The rufous brown, four- winged samaras average about 2 cm in diameter.

The uncommon rufous bristlebird (Dasyornis broadbenti) is often observed around the Gorge.

In mixed-species colonies rufous-bellied herons normally nest around the edges.

While rufous-capped warblers are generally birds of tropical shrubby highlands, North American sightings tend to be in oak woodland canyon bottoms, near running water, while the birds stay low in dense vegetation. The courtship song of the rufous-capped warbler is a rapid, accelerating series of chipping notes ('), somewhat reminiscent of the rufous-crowned sparrow, while the call notes is a hard ' or ', often repeated. Like other New World warblers, this species does not actually warble. Male rufous‐capped warblers have complex songs with many syllable types shared both within and between males’ repertoires.

It is a small dark bird with a relatively stout bill, brown upperparts and crown (the latter often tinged rufous), a white supercilium, and pinkish-grey legs. The male has a black frontlet, face and throat, a rufous chest, and buff or white belly. The female has a rufous face, throat and chest, and a buff or white belly. Males of the subspecies snethlageae and pallida are distinctive, as the black of the face and throat extends well onto the central chest, with rufous of the underparts limitied to the edge of the black chest.

The wingspan is about 27-31.6 mm for males and 33.6-36.8 mm for females. The forewings are dull yellow with obscure markings. There is a rufous spot on the upper vertical arm of the discocellular, and a white rufous-edged spot at the lower angle of the cell, as well as a rufous curved line near the base, plainest on the inner margin. There is also a rufous outer line from the centre of costa to middle of the inner margin, strongly outcurved and thickened opposite the cell, then oblique inwards.

The rufous crab hawk (Buteogallus aequinoctialis) or rufous crab-hawk, is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae It is found along the South American coastline, from eastern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago to southern Brazil.

The rufous-winged sparrow (Peucaea carpalis) is a medium-small, long-tailed American sparrow with a gray face and rusty crown and supercilium; the rufous lesser coverts of the wing for which it is named are often concealed.

The mantle, the back, and the rest of the wings are rufous. The tail, which is long and broad, is black below and rufous above. The bill is bright blue with a black tip. Both sexes are alike.

The forewings are white, suffused with rufous and irrorated (sprinkled) with black in the interspaces. The costal area is pure white, with a slight rufous tinge towards the base. The hindwings are white, faintly tinged with red brown.

Boles, W.E. & D.I. Smedley. 1998. Bird in the Hand: Rufous Songlark Cinclorhamphus mathewsi. Corella 12: 25. This species is similar to the brown songlark but males of that species are much larger than those of the rufous songlark.

"Bulup" or Cane hat of the Minyong tribe of East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh with hornbill beak, most likely that of rufous-coloured hornbill The rufous-necked hornbill occurs in Sanskrit literature under the epithet vārdhrīnasa, a term which at times also has been used to refer to other Bucerotidae. In Arunachal Pradesh, rufous-necked hornbills have been hunted by tribals for their feathers and beak.

It is a species of Megaluridae, the Old World warblers, a successful passerine family. The rufous songlark was described by English ornithologist Tom Iredale in 1911. An alternative generic name Cincloramphus is derived from Greek words cinclus/κιγκλος "wagtail" and ramphos/ραμφος "beak", while the specific epithet honours Gregory Mathews. As well as rufous songlark, other common names include red-rumped songlark, rufous singing lark, and skylark.

Forewings with costa and apical area blotched with rufous. Oblique postmedial and sub-apical black bands can be seen. Hindwings with apical area blotched with rufous. A black spot found on costa and another beyond lower angle of cell.

The underparts are pale cinnamon-rufous, with some grey speckling on the throat.

The upper parts of the banded woodpecker are predominantly rufous-brown. The mantle is dull olive scaled with buff and the rump is yellow. The tail is chocolate-brown. The head is mostly rufous-brown with a shaggy yellowish nape.

The hindwings have a discocellular blackish band and the inner area is tinged with rufous and has three curved black bars on it. There is also a dark submarginal line from the costa to vein 2 with diffused rufous beyond it.

Rufous-lored tyrannulet specimen in collection at AMNH The rufous-lored tyrannulet (Phylloscartes flaviventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in the Venezuelan Coastal Range. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Their bill is 1.16 cm long and only 0.47 cm wide on avarega, indicative of its insect food source. Young birds will have rufous coloured tips on their secondaries and a grayish head, without the white plumes or rufous collar.

The rufous-fronted babbler was later placed in the genus Stachyridopsis. Stachyris rodolphei was proposed by Herbert Girton Deignan in 1939 for three babbler specimens collected at Doi Chiang Dao in Thailand. It is considered synonymous with the rufous-fronted babbler.

The banded hare-wallaby and rufous hare-wallaby are both threatened mammal species that were once found on the mainland but are now both restricted to Dorre and Bernier Island. The rufous hare-wallaby is being reintroduced to mainland Australia.

The postmedial line with a costal rufous patch beyond it and disintegrated dark patch at vein 4. Outer area slightly darker and margin rufous below apex. Hindwing with indistinct antemedial line. Dark spot found at the end of the cell.

There is a dark waved postmedial line, with rufous and grey suffusion beyond it. A marginal dark line is present. Both wings with the veins of pale outer area. Ventral side with broad rufous postmedial band with crenulate outer edge.

The red-faced spinetail measures long. The bird is named for its distinctive rufous cheeks and crown. The wings are also rufous. The back and nape are dark olive-brown, while the rest of the underparts are light olive-brown.

Cathayia purpureotincta is a species of snout moth in the genus Cathayia. It was described by George Hampson in 1917 and is known from Borneo. The head and thorax are rufous with a few blackish scales. The abdomen is paler rufous.

A rufous and fuscous patch on the margin below apex. There is an indistinct almost straight, pale submarginal line. Hindwings with traces of numerous waved lines. A sub-basal dark band and a postmedial rufous line angled found beyond cell.

The rufous whistler was originally described in the genus Sylvia by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801. It was subsequently classified within the genera Turdus, Laniarius and Lanius before being classified in its present genus Pachycephala. Alternate names for the rufous whistler include the rufous-bellied whistler and white-bellied whistler. The latter name should not be confused with the species of the same name, Pachycephala leucogastra.

The Andean negrito is around long, with males being slightly larger. It is sexually dimorphic in its plumage; males having black plumage with a rufous back and silvery-white flight feathers (that area only noticeable in flight). The female has a rufous back as well but the undersides and head are sooty and the upperparts are blackish brown. The throat is whitish and the breast tinged with dull rufous.

This species resembles its widespread relative the American robin in general appearance, but is a bit smaller at long, with an average wingspan of and weight of . It is named for the adult's rufous or olive-rufous upper back, which contrasts with the grayish head, nape, and rump. The chest and flanks are also rufous. The belly and undertail coverts are white; the throat is white with many black streaks.

A perched male rufous hummingbird The adult male has a white breast, rufous face, flanks and tail and an iridescent orange-red throat patch or gorget. Some males have some green on back and/or crown. The female has green, white, some iridescent orange feathers in the center of the throat, and a dark tail with white tips and rufous base. The female is slightly larger than the male.

Rufous- tailed and red-tailed hawks have around the same nestling periods: around 49 days for rufous-tailed hawks compared to 45–46 days for red-tailed hawks.Fitch, H. S., Swenson, and Tillotson. 1946. Behavior and food habits of the Red-tailed hawk. Condor 48:205–237 The egg clutch size of a rufous-tailed hawk has only been reported to between 1-3 eggs in a nest.

Brown morph birds are dark sooty-brown above, finely barred with black, and white below, heavily barred with cinnamon. Rufous morph immatures are more chestnut above, and barred with rufous (rather than cinnamon) on the underparts. They also have duskier heads and brighter rufous tails than do brown morph birds. The cere and legs of all ages are yellow, and the bill, which is relatively heavy, is gray.

The rufous-crested coquette (Lophornis delattrei) is a species of hummingbird native to the tropical slopes of pacific South America. Due to its small size and population, it is a rare sight even within its native region. Males of the species can be easily distinguished by their striking rufous coloured spiked crests, and females, while less obvious, can be identified by their small size and rufous coloured foreheads. In Panama female.

Some authorities have considered the drab whistler as several subspecies of the rufous whistler.

In males, this band is pale rufous brown, while it is grey in females.

The rufous shrikethrush (Colluricincla rufogaster) is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae.

The rufous-vented tit (Periparus rubidiventris) is an Asian songbird species in the tit and chickadee family (Paridae). Some of its subspecies were formerly assigned to its western relative the rufous-naped tit (P. rufonuchalis), or these two were considered entirely conspecific.

The rufous-faced antpitta (Grallaria erythrotis) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Bolivia. This antpitta has dark olivaceous-gray to olivaceous-brown upperparts and tail. Its lores, face, and side of the neck are orange rufous.

The rufous-crowned antpitta or rufous-crowned gnatpitta (Pittasoma rufopileatum) is a species of bird in the gnateater family. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Immatures are undescribed. The voice is similar to that of the rufous flycatcher-thrush. In Liberia it sings from May to October. The song is four melodious whistles, "hooee, hooee hooee-huEE, slower and lower-pitched than song of Rufous Flycatcher Thrush".

The rufous-bellied swallow (Cecropis badia) is a species of swallow that breeds on the Malay Peninsula. It has faintly streaked deep rufous underparts, and an unstreaked rump. It is usually raised to species status from its closest relative, the striated swallow.

The young then fledge in another 13–15 days. The cocoa thrush is 22–24 cm long. It is dark rufous brown above and paler rufous brown below. There are five poorly defined races, differing mainly in the brightness of the plumage.

Adult rufous-breasted wrens are long and weigh . They have grey-brown upperparts and black bars on the tail. The throat and face sides are speckled black and white. The breast is rufous while the belly is brownish white and the flanks brown.

Its name commemorates the American ornithologist George Latimer Bates. Bates's paradise flycatcher was formerly considered as a subspecies of the rufous-vented paradise flycatcher but is now recognized as a separate species. An alternate name is the Cameroon rufous-vented paradise-flycatcher.

Red-capped plovers have white underparts and forehead. Their upperpart are mainly grey-brown. Adult males have a rufous or reddish-brown crown and hindneck. Adult females have a paler rufous and grey-brown crown and hindneck, with a pale loreal stripe.

This species can be told apart from the female of a black francolin by the lack of a rufous hind collar and the white spots on the underside. The face is rufous and there is no dark stripe running behind the eye.

The rufous-chested tanager (Thlypopsis ornata) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae.

The rufous-fronted thornbird (Phacellodomus rufifrons) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae.

Its common name refers to the bright rufous primaries, which mainly are visible in flight.

The rufous finesnout ctenotus (Ctenotus rufescens) is a species of skink found in Western Australia.

The rufous songlark (Cincloramphus mathewsi) is a species in the family Locustellidae endemic to Australia.

The red-rumped wheatear is a compact, big-headed wheatear with a rufous rump and all dark tail. the male has a grey crown and nape with a black throat and face and white supercilium. The shoulders and back are black with white fringes to the feathers, the rump and base of the tail are rufous and the distal part of the tail is black. Female is paler with a rufous crown and cheeks.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 272-286. Its closet relatives are a group of other monotypic warblers, including the black-faced rufous warbler (Bathmocercus rufus), the Socotra warbler (Incana incana), the oriole warbler (Hypergerus atriceps), the grey-capped warbler (Eminia lepida), Winifred's warbler (also known as Mrs Moreau's Warbler, Scepomycter winifredae) and the cinnamon-breasted warbler (Euryptila subcinnamomea). The rufous-eared warbler is also known as the rufous-eared prinia and the rooioorlangstertjie (Afrikaans).

The forewings are deep chocolate brown, with the basal three-fourths of the costa, the base of the wing and the subcostal area bright rufous. The nervures are rufous and there is a large antemedian primrose-yellow patch of raised scales on and between veins two to five. There is also a large postmedian curved white patch running out distad between the nervures into wedge-shaped projections. The margin is rufous yellow.

The back and wings are slate blue with black feather tips with little white dots. The female features a rufous band across the upper belly that extends down the flanks. Juveniles of this species are similar to adults, but both sexes feature the rufous band on the upper belly. Juvenile males will have a rufous band that is somewhat mottled while the band on females will be much thinner than that on adult females.

This species has the typical short-tailed, dumpy-bodied, large-headed, and long-billed kingfisher shape. The adult male of the western European subspecies, A. a. ispida has green-blue upperparts with pale azure-blue back and rump, a rufous patch by the bill base, and a rufous ear-patch. It has a green-blue neck stripe, white neck blaze and throat, rufous underparts, and a black bill with some red at the base.

The green-and-rufous kingfisher is in length. Males weigh and females . It has the typical kingfisher shape, with a short tail and long bill. The adult male has glossy green upperparts, with white spotting on the wings, and a rufous nape and underparts.

The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat has a forearm length of . It has an ear length of and a tail length of . Overall, it is considered a medium-sized horseshoe bat. It is similar in appearance to the rufous horseshoe bat, though with longer wings.

The Cape batis is strikingly patterned. The adult male has a grey crown, black eye mask and white throat. Its back is brown, with a black rump and tail and rufous wings. The underparts are white with a broad black breast band and rufous flanks.

The postmedial line running out to two angles below costa and one on vein 3. A rufous-brown band found beyond it with waved outer edge and terminating in a black patch. Traces of a pale submarginal rufous line. Hindwings with slightly waved antemedial line.

The back, mantle, wings and tail are slatey-brown, with the rump and base of the outer tail feathers rufous. There are two white streaks on the wings. The throat is streaked in grey and white, the breast is grey and the belly rufous.

The flight feathers and wing coverts are grey-brown, and the underwing coverts are rufous. The underparts are bright orange-rufous. The beak is black, and the legs are pinkish brown, brownish grey or dark brown. The female is a little smaller than the male.

The rufous-tailed hawk feeds on a large variety of prey. They feed on everything from other birds to mammals and reptiles. This shows that rufous-tailed hawks have a very broad diet that is similar to the red-tailed hawk. Figueroa et al.

Rufous-tailed hawks have a longer recorded nestling period compared to other species of Buteo.Norambuena, H. V., V. Raimilla, and J. E. Jimenez. 2012. Breeding behavior of a pair of Rufous-tailed Hawks (Buteo ventralis) in southern Chile. Journal of Raptor Research 46:211-215.

The rufous-naped bellbird (Aleadryas rufinucha), or rufous-naped whistler, is a species of bird in the family Oreoicidae. It is assigned to the monotypic genus Aleadryas. It is found on New Guinea, where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Some authorities have considered the black-headed whistler to be a subspecies of the rufous whistler.

The black-and-rufous swallow (Hirundo nigrorufa) is a species of bird in the family Hirundinidae.

It is olive above with rufous edging on blackish wing feathers and pale, dull yellow below.

The head is rugose (wrinkled), dull rufous orange, marked centrally with a darker brown, inverted "V".

The rufous whip snake (Demansia rufescens) is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.

The underparts, neck and head are rich rufous in the male, but black in the female.

Like other kiwis it is nocturnal. The colour of its plumage is rufous with some streaking.

Buforania rufa, sometimes called the rufous toadhopper, is a spur-throated grasshopper native to Western Australia.

Hesler and Smith, 1979, p. 25. The mushroom is commonly known as the "rufous candy cap".

The rufous beaked snake's range includes north Botswana, north Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, and Sudan,.

The rufous-tailed palm thrush (Cichladusa ruficauda) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae.

The wings are pale glossy and semihyaline (almost glass-like) yellow, the forewings with an ocellate antemedial mark extending from the costa to the inner margin, enclosing a pale centre, its edges rufous and steel blue. There is a steel-blue and rufous wedge-shaped fascia on the inner area from the antemedial mark to the nearly straight black submarginal line, which expands into a spot at the costa and is broken near the inner margin. The discocellulars and veins beyond the cell are marked with rufous and there is a faint diffused rufous line just inside the margin. The apex is blackish, with a white spot below it.

The wings are pale reddish ochreous, the forewings usually with a hyaline (glass-like) spot at the end of the cell. There are two rufous oblique lines from the lower angle of the cell to the inner margin and there are eight or nine indistinct dark waved lines, as well as a double highly curved rufous postmedial line from the costa near the apex to the outer angle and a submarginal highly waved irregular indistinct dark line. The hindwings have a rufous subbasal line, which is obsolete except towards the inner margin. There are about four very indistinct waved lines and the rufous postmedial line is indistinct.

The rufous fantail has complex evolutionary relationships and sometimes this results in conflicting taxonomy. This is not uncommon since taxonomies are merely hypotheses of a species' evolutionary status. Debate is still currently ongoing about the taxonomic treatment of the rufous fantail's subspecies and its related species.

The rufous elephant shrew, rufous sengi or East African long-eared elephant- shrew (Elephantulus rufescens) is a species of elephant shrew in the family Macroscelididae. Found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda, its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

The sharply two-toned basic pattern of the rufous-tailed flatbill - an olive-green bird with a bright rufous tail and wings - is distinctive and easily identifiable. Compare to dusky-tailed flatbill (Ramphotrigon fuscicauda), which has dusky rectrices and remiges and a more heavily streaked breast.

Pizzey, Graham and Doyle, Roy. (1980) A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Collins Publishers, Sydney. The male has a pale grey crown and tail with a darker grey tear-mark, while the female and juvenile have a pale rufous crown and finely barred rufous tail.

Inner margin whitish. A sinuous rufous medial line runs with silvery spots on its inner side, also on discocellulars, and below vein 2. A rufous submarginal line, highly angled at vein 6 and with silvery line on its outer edge. A marginal series of black specks found.

The rusty tinamou is in length. Its upper parts are rufous boldly barred with black, its throat is white, its breast is bright rufous, its belly is white, and its flanks are barred black. Its crown is chestnut in color with legs that are yellowish-grey.

Adults are 18–22 cm long. Its plumage is grey-brown. It has a shorter tail than other bristlebirds, yet it is still quite long tail is rufous, with darker brown stripes. Its body is rufous with dark brown under-surface feathers, giving it a scalloped look.

Similar species in the false crocus geometer's range include the crocus geometer (Xanthotype sospeta) and the rufous geometer (Xanthotype rufaria). The crocus geometer is larger, is pale yellow, and has little or no brown spotting. The rufous geometer is a deeper yellow and has a reddish fringe.

The rufous-eyed brook frog or rufous-eyed stream frog (Duellmanohyla rufioculis), is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to the mountains of Costa Rica. Its natural habitats are premontane wet forests and rainforests. Tadpoles are found in pools with standing water.

At the nostrils the bill is narrow. The tail is short and rufous with narrow black bars but in subspecies badiosus the tail is dark with narrow rufous bars. Feather margins are pale in squamigularis and annamensis. Feathers on the neck, ears and lore are unmarked.

The rufous-winged buzzard (Butastur liventer) is an Asian bird of prey. It is a resident breeder of Indochina, Java and Sulawesi. It is a species of deciduous forest and second growth up to 800 m. The adult rufous-winged buzzard is 38–43 cm long.

This medium-sized hummingbird can measure up to long, and weigh up to . The male has metallic green upperparts that grade to bronze at the rump and tail. It sports a conspicuous rufous wing patch when the wings are folded. The underwing is mostly rufous-cinnamon.

Taita falcon photographed at Strydom Tunnel, South Africa This small falcon is fairly distinctive, but may offer some confusion with a few other species. The rufous belly causes resemblance with African hobby, but important features to look for are a white throat and the obvious rufous patches on the nape. Alsom the underwing coverts are uniform rufous, whereas the African hobby has more streaking. The most obvious underwing feature, though, is the flight feathers are barred black and white.

Unlike that species, the orange-breasted thornbird has dark reddish-brown eyes, extensive rufous to the underparts, a relatively large rufous crown-patch, and dark central rectrices (which contrast with the rufous outer rectrices). The two also have different voices and are locally sympatric in São Paulo without evidence of interbreeding.Simon, J. E., Pacheco, J. F., Whitney, B. M., Mattos, G. T., & Gagliardi, R. L. (2008). Phacellodomus ferrugineigula (Pelzeln, 1858) (Aves: Furnariidae) é uma espécie válida.

It is somewhat solitary in areas of open understory in varzea and terra firme lowland humid forest, primarily in the Orinoco and Amazon drainages. The species is a distinctive, small flycatcher, mostly olive on the body with an obviously rufous tail and blackish wings with rufous edging. The rufous-tailed flatbill is most frequently located by its call, a two-part whistle with the first part long and rising and the second part lower and abbreviated.

Nevertheless, it has recently been estimated that the total population is below 10,000 individuals, leading to recommendations of treating it as vulnerable, and this was followed by BirdLife International in 2009. As suggested by its common name, its primaries are modified as in the related, but smaller, brownish twistwing. Unlike the brownish twistwing, the rufous twistwing is bright rufous overall. In 2009, Andrew Spencer recorded the effect of the twist in the wings of the rufous twistwing.

Its heart-shaped head is glossy, dark with a rufous tinge, and having a flat base below.

It is a small bird with rufous upperparts, streaky underparts, a white throat and a black mask.

The rufous spots replaced by ill-defined antemedial, postmedial and submarginal lines and a few scattered specks.

The sexes are similar, but young birds have rufous edges on the wing coverts, rump and tail.

Younger mottled owls are somewhat rufous and much more richly and darkly colored than a barred owl.

Overall it resembles the rufous-naped brushfinch, but with darker, more olive underparts and a black throat.

Forewings with straight discocellulars. Veins 3, 4 and 6 to 11 stalked. Female pale bluish. Head rufous.

Consequently, the scaled ground cuckoo has often been considered a subspecies of the rufous- vented ground cuckoo.

Forewings bright rufous suffused with purplish as far as the postmedial line and beyond the submarginal line. There is an outwardly oblique antemedial line jointed at inner margin by the obliquely waved postmedial line. The reniform with rufous outline. A double sub-marginal straight line and marginal dentate line.

R. s. capistrata Galu temple in Himachal Call of rufous sibia The rufous sibia (Heterophasia capistrata) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It feeds on berries and insects. It is found in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, ranging across India, Nepal and Bhutan.

The rufous-tailed stipplethroat or rufous-tailed antwren (Epinecrophylla erythrura) is a species of insectivorous bird in the antbird family Thamnophilidae. It was formerly placed in the genus Myrmotherula. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The head and throat is black with a grey and a rufous . The upperparts and are olive brown with black spots. The rest of the feathers of the wing are black edged with olive. The breast is rufous and belly is olive brown, both have large black spots.

The spotted wood quail is 25 cm long and weighs 300 g. It has an orange crest which is raised when it is excited. The upperparts are dark brown with black and rufous flecking. The underparts are normally olive brown, but there is a colour morph with rufous underparts.

The crown and upper back are tinged with golden rufous. The flight feathers are rufous washed with green and tipped with blackish. A fine black line runs in front of and behind the eye. The iris is crimson and the bill is black while the legs are dark grey.

Mount Kinabalu Nat’l Park - Sabah, Borneo - Malaysia The red-breasted partridge is about long and weighs about . The crown and nape are blackish, with brown spots. There is a grey or rufous supercilium, and a blackish-brown band goes through the eye. The cheeks and throat are rufous.

Adults are golden yellow, the forewings with a rufous costal area. There is a subbasal point on the inner margin and an antemedial dark rufous line, angled below the cell, then incurved. There is a spot in the cell and a discoidal reniform spot, as well as a dentate postmedial line, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below the end of the cell. The terminal area is rufous from the apex to vein 5 and at the tornus.

The rufous-faced antbird (Myrmelastes rufifacies) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in humid forest in the Brazilian Amazon south of the Amazon River and east of the Madeira River. The rufous-faced antbird was previously considered as a subspecies of the spot-winged antbird. A 2007 study of the vocal characteristics found that there were significant differences between the taxa and based on this evidence the rufous-faced antbird was promoted to species status.

Rufous () is a colour that may be described as reddish-brown or brownish-red, as of rust or oxidised iron. The first recorded use of rufous as a colour name in English was in 1782.Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 203; Color Sample of Rufous: Page 45 Plate 10 Color Sample A10 However, the colour is also recorded earlier in 1527 as a diagnostic urine colour.Anon., Here begineth the seinge of urynes.

The rufous-necked laughingthrush is actually not a thrush but a species of babbler, it is roughly in length and weighs anywhere between . The rufous- necked laughingthrush as its name implies has a rustic color around its neck. overall the bird is grey with a black face and its rufous neck. Due to the fact that they are non migratory birds this means that they molt very slowly which means that they look the same as young birds than as older birds.

The wingspan is 36–43 mm. The length of the forewings varies from 12 to 14 mm. Forewing pale yellowish ochreous, typically strongly flushed with rufous; veins finely rufous; lines fine, more or less angulated, the inner and outer approximated on inner margin; stigmata indistinct: the orbicular slight, often obsolete; reniform rufous, with a dark spot in lower end; hindwing ochreous white, greyer in female, the veins often fuscous; the pale, less highly coloured, specimens, with whiter hindwings, ab. pallida nov.

The head is reddish with bold white streaks, neck and upper body dull to bright rufous-brown, streaked with fine dark and white lines. The face is mainly white except for the rufous forehead, white lores and a thin partial white eye-ring beneath the eye; and sometimes a rufous fore-supercilium. Black and white ear coverts separate the dark head parts from the off-white chin and throat. The tail is dark grey-brown with off-white shafts and light brown fringes.

Specimen at Nairobi National Museum The mosque swallow is the largest and heaviest species of African swallow, resembling a big red-rumped swallow Cecropis daurica. The crown, upperparts, and tail are glossy dark blue, and the lores and sides of the head are whitish forming a collar. The rump is dark rufous, while the throat and upper breast are pale rufous, shading to dark rufous on the remainder of the underparts. Very pale underwing coverts contrast with the dark flight feathers.

Females display no head crests, and instead their rufous coloured forehead feathers fade into the iridescent green ones which extend down their backs. Their throats are not uniformly green, but instead are primarily white with small clusters of green feathers. A band of rufous feathers extends fully from the side of the throat up to the forehead. The tail of the female rufous-crested coquette is singly rounded, and the tail feathers, while primarily green, end in small patches of light orange.

Its wingspan is about 26 mm. Forewings with non-truncate apex. Body bright yellow. Head marked with rufous.

Male Eyes black. Head pale fawn color. Antenna stout, long, rufous. Prothorax dirty white, with brown median line.

The south-eastern Dupont's lark, which occupies most of the rest of the African range, has rufous upperparts.

The rufous-tailed jacamar's call is a sharp ', and the song a high thin ', ending in a trill.

The legs are either yellow or bright orange (rufous morph). The juveniles are similar coloured as the females.

The rufous-tailed palm thrush was described as Bradyornis ruficauda by Hartlaub in 1857. The species is monotypic.

Juveniles of O. b. brookii remain un-described. O. b.solokensis has rufous upperparts and vermiculations on the underparts.

The tailail, flight feathers and greater upperwing coverts are rufous barred with black. Length is about , wingspan is .

As calculated by displacement of body size, the rufous hummingbird makes perhaps the longest migratory journey of any bird in the world. At just over 3 in long, rufous birds travel 3,900 miles one-way from Alaska to Mexico in late summer, a distance equal to 78,470,000 body lengths. By comparison, the 13-inch-long Arctic tern makes a one-way flight of about 11,185 miles, or 51,430,000 body lengths, just 65% of the body displacement during migration by rufous hummingbirds. The northward migration of rufous hummingbirds occurs along the Pacific flyway and may be time-coordinated with flower and tree leaf emergence in spring in early March, and also with availability of insects as food.

The rufous-capped warbler (Basileuterus rufifrons) is a New World warbler native from Mexico south to much of Central America, rarely occurring as far north as southeastern Arizona and south Texas. Rufous-capped warblers generally reach a length of about . They are plain-olive to olive-gray, with white underbellies, bright yellow chests and throats, and a distinctive facial pattern consisting of a rufous cap, a white eyebrow-line (or superciliary), a dark eye-line fading into a rufous cheek, and a white malar marking. The bill is rather stout for a warbler, the wings are round and stubby, and the tail is long, often raised at a high angle and flicked.

The African goshawk is a medium-sized to large Accipiter which is mainly grey and rufous with the typical broad winged and long tailed shape of its genus. The adult has grey upperparts which tend to be darker in males than in females, the underparts are whitish marked with rufous barring which is more rufous and heavier in the males. The underwing is pale rufous fading to white on some birds and the flight feathers and tail vary from sooty brown to grey with faint grey bars above, white with grey bars below. The bill is black, the cere is greenish-grey, the eyes are yellow and the legs and feet are yellow.

Pale and rufous morph juveniles can only be distinguished from each other in extreme cases. Dark morph juveniles are more similar to adult dark morph vulpinus but often show a little whitish streaking below, and like all other races have lighter coloured eyes and more evenly barred tails than adults. Steppe buzzards tend to appear smaller and more agile in flight than nominate whose wing beats can look slower and clumsier. In flight, rufous morph vulpinus have their whole body and underwing varying from uniform to patterned rufous (if patterning present, it is variable, but can be on chest and often thighs, sometimes flanks, pale band across median coverts), while the under- tail usually paler rufous than above.

The rufous-naped tit (Periparus rufonuchalis), also known as the black- breasted tit or dark-grey tit, is an Asian songbird species in the tit and chickadee family (Paridae). It was sometimes considered conspecific with the rufous-vented tit (P. rubidiventris), and was formerly placed in the genus Parus.Gill et al.

Forewing straw-colour, the veins rufous, the intervals with grey streaks; hindwing grey, with rufous veins. Warren. W. in Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914The wingspan is 20–35 mm.

The rufous- fronted bushtit forms a superspecies with the black-browed bushtit and white- throated bushtit. They have sometimes been regarded as a single species but are now usually treated as distinct. The ranges of the rufous-fronted and black-browed bushtits overlap slightly in China with no evidence of hybridization.

Coiba spinetails are a ruddy brown with olive-brown underparts, a long rufous tail, rufous wings and crown, and a gray-streaked brown head. They forage either singularly or in pairs in dense tangles of vines. Sometimes it flocks with other species of bird. It rarely comes out into the open.

It is similar to the dusky grasswren, though the markings are generally brighter and more defined, e.g. the wing coverts and remiges are grayish with a small rufous patch at the base of the outer remiges, compared with the same parts of the dusky grasswren being a uniformly dull rufous-brown.

The tail is golden rufous. The female lacks the crest and plumes. She has green upperparts (dorsal), except for the whitish tail band, and rufous underparts (ventral) that become much paler on the belly. The tail is mostly bronze green with a dusky band and whitish tips to the feathers.

Underparts are heavily and regularly marked with black, white and rufous. Female is more uniformly rufous, with irregular black-tipped white spots on the upper mantle, scapular and underparts. Males duller in color than females. Frogmouths are distinguishable by their large head and body compared to their small legs and feet.

The bill and legs are black. The male in breeding plumage has a black mask and grey crown and nape. The back and rump are rufous and the tail is also rufous apart from the darker central feathers. The wings are dark with white patches on the scapulars and primary-coverts.

The pale-vented bush-hen (Amaurornis moluccana), also known as the rufous- tailed bush-hen or rufous-tailed waterhen, is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It is found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia and the Solomon Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The submarginal line is curved and consists of blackish spots between the veins, that are most distinct and swollen opposite the cell. The apical region is suffused with rufous. The hindwings have the three lines as in the forewings and a rufous blotch at the end of the cell.Warren, W. (1896).

The black-faced monarch is grey, with rufous underparts and mature birds have a black patch on the face.

Some authorities have considered the black- headed, drab and cinnamon-breasted whistlers to be subspecies of the rufous whistler.

The painted rufous greenhood grows in woodland, shrubland and in shallow soil on granite outcrops between Kalbarri and Woodanilling.

The wings are uniform chocolate rufous, the sides of the abdominal margin of the hindwings with oblique white streaks.

Grasshoppers are common such as stripe-winged and rufous, the latter being at the western end of its range.

The wingspan is about . Antennae of male serrate and fasciculated. Body fuscous or rufous brown. Palpi chocolate at sides.

Black cell-speck present. Postmedial slightly sinuous line, with pale rufous band beyond it. A crenulate (scalloped) marginal line.

The rufous-thighed hawk is fairly common (but easily overlooked due to their secretive behavior) and presently considered safe.

Cilia rufous. Hindwings whitish. In the female, it is much more orange-fulvous coloured. Forewings irrorated (sprinkled) with brown.

The rufous grasswren (Amytornis whitei) is an insectivorous bird in the family Maluridae. It is found in western Australia.

There is a black antemedial line and two similar medial lines. The hindwings are white, faintly tinged with rufous.

Glittereyed, his rufous skull close to his greencapped desklamp sought the face, bearded amid darkgreener shadow, an ollav, holyeyed.

The rufous-capped antthrush (Formicarius colma) is a small species of bird in the family Formicariidae located in the order Passeriformes. It is considered to be uncommon but widespread, found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. The rufous-capped antthrush is typically found inhabiting the shady floor of tall, humid forests on solid ground, and is occasionally spotted in transitional forests (várzea) and savanna forests (Suriname)Many authors. Rufous-capped Antthrush, Formicarius colma; additionally Krabbe, N.K. & Schulenberg, T.S. (2019).

The wingspan is 37–45 mm. Forewing pale rufous ochreous, dappled throughout with rufous fuscous, and very finely dusted with small black dots; inner and outer lines dark, conversely oblique; reniform stigma alone represented, forming a pale streak on the discocellular, the lower end whiter, followed by a slight dark cloud; hindwing rufous, suffused in varying degrees with fuscous; - the form limbata Btlr. from Japan generally has the inner line of forewing more strongly angled beneath costa, while the legs are more heavily tufted; — ab. turcella Stgr.

The Veracruz wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) is a songbird of the family Troglodytidae, the wrens. It is a resident breeding species in central Veracruz, Mexico. This species was split from the rufous-naped wren when it was determined three main populations vary markedly in size and coloration, and represented separate species: Veracruz wren (restricted to central coastal Veracruz), Sclater's wren (north and west from western Chiapas), and rufous- backed wren (south and east from western Chiapas). This species sometimes retains the name rufous-naped wren by some taxonomists.

The wingspan is about 28 mm in the male and 34 mm in the female. Body very pale brown with rufous, fuscous, and silvery scaly speckles. Forewings with four lines between the base and middle, very highly angled below costa, and dark, then rufous and oblique to inner margin. A large fuscous and rufous patch found beyond the cell bounded by the double postmedial line, which is angled beyond the cell, then incurved to inner margin, and with an indistinct dentate line beyond it.

The cheeks and auriculars are greyish brown and the tail is grey brown. It has a black bill with pale yellow eyes. The species is sexually monomorphic. Juveniles have less rufous on the head, and have their greater wing coverts are also broadly tipped with rufous brown, with the secondaries edged buff.

It is 15 to 16 cm in length. The plumage is mostly brown with dark streaks. The male has a grey crown and nape with dark streaks, chestnut ear-coverts and bands of black and chestnut across the breast. There is a rufous patch on the shoulders and the rump is also rufous.

The rufous-crowned emu-wren is the smallest and most brightly coloured of the three emu-wren species.Rowley and Russell, plate 5. The adult male has reddish upperparts with faint streaks, with a prominently rufous crown and grey-brown wings. It has a bright sky blue throat, upper chest, lores and ear coverts.

Males of this morph have silver-grey upperparts with black streaks and slightly paler underparts with white barring and brown to rufous mottling. Females of this morph are often darker with more rufous mottling. Females of the subspecies P. s. strigoides have a chestnut morph and females of the subspecies P. s.

Its body is balanced, strong, with a rectangular outline. The coarse coat is yellow-rufous coloured in various shades, halm yellow or dark rufous. The coat can be in one colour or combined with grey or black-grey in the middle part of the body. Some white spots are acceptable in definite places.

This species has dark brownish-grey upperparts, a black mask and a white throat. The breast is grey while the belly and underside are rufous. It has some resemblance to the rufous-vented laughingthrush (Pterorhinus gularis) of northeastern India which has a yellow throat. Some older treatments considered lumped delesserti with gularis.

A dentate black antemedial line can be seen. A prominent postmedial line angled at vein 4, and with black streaks beyond it inside the waved grey submarginal line. The sub-costal fold found in male, which is bright rufous. Hindwings suffused with rufous to the prominent curved slightly sinuous black postmedial line.

The underparts are mainly rufous with white on the belly and undertail-coverts. Non-breeding and first-winter males are similar but much duller and browner. Females are mostly grey-brown. They have a rufous tail with a dark centre, a pale eye-ring, two buff wingbars and buff edges to the tertials.

The shaheen is a small and powerful-looking falcon with blackish upperparts, rufous underparts with fine, dark streaks, and white on the throat. The complete black face mask is sharply demarcated from the white throat. It has distinctive rufous underwing- coverts. It differs in all these features from the paler F. p.

Females have more slender and straighter horns than do males. The tail measures and is rufous at the base, turning black towards the end. It is smaller and more rufous than the red-fronted gazelle, the nose is unmarked. Dorcas gazelle, sympatric with Heuglin's gazelle in some areas, has a lighter reddish stripe.

Forewing bright rufous or reddish ochreous with the veins paler, often dusted with darker; inner and outer lines double, dark, with the centre rufous, often very faint, but always marked by black spots on costa; submarginal line preceded by a row of dark lunules between the veins and by a dark bar at costa; median shade distinct; stigmata blackish, distinct, especially the narrow oblique orbicular; hindwing dark grey, the fringe rufous. This species varies in colour exceedingly; the brighter rufous specimens, with pale veins, represent typical lychnidis F.; the duller brownish forms, also with pale veins, are pistacina F.; - rubetra Esper the bright rufous unicolorous form with all markings indistinct, and the costal edge often conspicuously white at middle, of which ferrea Haw. is an offshoot, having only the 4 costal blotches and the stigmata dark; the paler, reddish ochreous, unicolorous form is obsoleta Tutt; of the forms without red colouring, serina Esp. has the markings plain, while in pallida Tutt they are obscure, the ground colour being greyish ochreous or yellowish;of the brownish rufous or brownish grey forms, brunnea Tutt is a more sombre form than pistacina without pale nervures; canaria Esp.

In addition to the long tails the males and females are sexually dimorphic and have rufous, black and white plumage.

Forewings with the costal area fuscous brown. Traces of antemedial and postmedial series of rufous specks found on the veins.

It also has 4 large teeth on the first instar egg-bursters. Both antennas and pedipalp are rufous and ferruginous.

It is mostly grey with a rufous neck with yellow feet and yellow black-tipped bill. The juvenile is brown.

The rufous-tailed flatbill (Ramphotrigon ruficauda) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Rufous-tailed flatbill is a fairly common flycatcher of lowland forest in northern South America.

It is up to 17 cm in length, with a black bill, brown iris and black feet. The male has dark blue plumage, white belly, and shining blue rump. The female has rufous brown plumage, rusty breast and whitish belly. The young has brown spotted buff plumage with rufous breast and whitish center on underparts.

First collected in the Arfak Mountains, the orange-crowned fairywren was described by Richard Bowdler Sharpe in 1879.Rowley & Russell, p. 199. Molecular study indicates that it forms a clade with the fairywrens of the genus Malurus. Alternative names for the orange-crowned fairywren include orange-crowned wren, rufous fairywren, and rufous wren-warbler.

The tufted coquette is long and weighs . The black-tipped red bill is short and straight. The male has a rufous head crest and a coppery green back with a whitish rump band that is prominent in flight. The forehead and underparts are green, and black-spotted rufous plumes project from the neck sides.

The rufous-rumped lark (Pinarocorys erythropygia) is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in western and central Africa from Mali, Guinea and Sierra Leone to eastern Sudan, South Sudan and north-western Uganda. Its natural habitat is dry savannah. Originally, the rufous-rumped lark was classified within the genus Alauda.

The rufous fishing owl is a large owl with dark eyes, which lacks ear tufts and has an indistinct, pale cinnamon facial disc and underparts. The mantle and back are rufous with a white row of spots on the scapulars. The flight feathers are barred. It measures in length, and has bare legs and feet.

The mountain bulbul was originally described in the genus Hypsipetes in 1840 by Thomas Horsfield. Alternate names for the mountain bulbul include the green-winged bulbul, McClelland's bulbul, McClelland's rufous-bellied bulbul, mountain streaked bulbul, and rufous- bellied bulbul. The common name, 'mountain bulbul', is also used as an alternate name for the Cameroon greenbul.

This swallow is relatively small, usually measuring and weighing . It has a black bill that usually measures . It has a mostly brownish-black crown, with tawny-rufous edges. It also has a tawny-rufous coloured forehead, eyebrow, and hindcrown, which transition into its cinnamon- buff ear coverts, sides of the head, throat, and breast.

A small, slim falcon with blackish upperparts and deep rufous underparts with rufous cheek, nape and throat. At close range black streaks can be seen on the throat and flanks. The facial skin and feet are yellow. Juvenile birds are browner above with heavier streaking on the underparts and paler on cheek, nape and throat.

The legs are long and very slender (hence the common name) and yellow. The hooked bill is black and the cere is yellowish. The rufous-thighed hawk resembles the sharp- shinned hawk, but upperparts are darker, streaking to underparts rufous or dusky, cheeks are typically with a clear rufous patch (occasionally lacking almost entirely) and iris is yellow (contra illustrations in some books). Juveniles resemble juveniles of sharp-shinneds, but streaking to the underparts are typically restricted to throat and central underparts, with flanks scaled or barred (often also the belly).

Despite their direct flight, rufous- bellied kookaburras are capable of very sharp twists and turns around the dense trees that form their habitat. Rufous-bellied kookaburras have been known also to hunt small vertebrates, but do so less frequently than the larger woodland kookaburras, and frequently are mobbed by smaller birds when it preys on their eggs or nestlings. Males are very aggressive in defending their territory, which averages in size, and sometimes fight intruders violently. Skeleton Like their larger relatives, rufous-bellied kookaburras breed in termite mounds.

In 2018, the rufous hummingbird was uplisted from least concern to near threatened on the IUCN Red List, on the basis that due to its reliance on insect prey during the wintering season, it will be heavily affected by the global decline in insect populations due to pesticides and intensified agriculture. Due to climate change, many flowers that the rufous hummingbird feeds on during the breeding season have started blooming two weeks prior to the birds' arrival to their breeding locations, which may lead to rufous hummingbirds arriving too late to feed on them.

A small raptor, with a height of about 30 cm and wingspan of 72 cm, the rufous-breasted sparrowhawk is named for its distinctive rufous-coloured underparts, which can be seen both perching and in flight. It is dark grey slate-brown above, including the head, with a black bill and eyes that are yellow at all ages. In flight, the bold bars on both its wings and tail are clearly visible. Juvenile plumage ranges from the rufous-color of adults to more white, but all have feathers with dark shaft streaks on their underside.

The red-necked buzzard is a medium-sized bird of prey with a distinctive rufous neck, the rufous colour extends up over the crown and down on to the upper back. The rest of the upperparts are mostly blackish, except for the rufous upper tail feathers which has a black subterminal bar. The underparts are mainly white, apart from a dark throat and dark blotches which extend along the flanks. Juveniles resemble the adults, but have a browner upperparts, creamy rather than white underparts and lack the dark throat.

The great sparrow (Passer motitensis), also known as the southern rufous sparrow, is found in southern Africa in dry, wooded savannah and towns. This is a 15-16 cm long sparrow superficially like a large house sparrow. It has a grey crown and rear neck and rufous upperparts. While in the past some authorities considered this species and several related species of 'rufous sparrow' on the African mainland to be the same as the Iago sparrow of Cape Verde, they do not appear to be so closely related as thought.

The wingspan is 30–40 mm. Forewing sandy rufous, black speckled, median area generally deeper rufous: lines browner, forewing purplish red brown; the lines pale, ill defined, except by black spots at costa; the cell black; stigmata pale and large; claviform connected with outer line by a black bar; above which the base of vein 2 is often surrounded with rufous; hindwing fuscous. The size of the orbicular stigma is variable, and the amount and shape of the black filling in of the cell is determined by this variation; — in ab. gothicina H.-Sch.

The Arafura fantail (Rhipidura dryas), sometimes known as the wood fantail, inhabits the Lesser Sunda Islands, the northern coast of Australia from the Kimberley to the western side of the Cape York Peninsula, including subcoastally in the Top End of the Northern Territory, and southern New Guinea. It is similar to the rufous fantail, from which it has been split taxonomically but, apart from minor overlap in the eastern Moluccas, their geographic ranges are discrete. It is generally duller than the rufous fantail with the rufous colouration more restricted.Schodde, R.; & Mason, I.J. (1999).

There are four diffusely darker, obscure fasciae. Head and forelegs are dull rufous orange. Cinnamomum zeylanicum is the larval food plant.

It has a wingspan of 66 mm. The head and thorax are bright rufous. Shaft of antennae whitish. Abdomen brownish fuscous.

The third subspecies E. f. kuatunensis lives in south-east China and is darker and more rufous above with narrower breastbands.

Antennae rufous. Hab. N.W. coast of Madagascar (Last). In the Collections of Henley Grose Smith, the Hon. Walter Rothschild, and others.

The species range in size from the rufous- capped nunlet, at and , to the white-necked puffbird, at up to and .

The wingspan is about 25–36 mm. Male with minutely ciliated antennae. Head and collar rufous. Thorax and abdomen greyish brown.

The female is more brown above with a white eyebrow and buff patch on the wings. It resembles the rufous gnateater.

So far, there have been no reports of the rufous-tailed hawk living in human areas like cities or abandoned buildings.

It may form a superspecies with Eurasian sparrowhawk (A. nisus) and rufous- chested sparrowhawk (A. rufiventris) (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001).

Adult birds have maroon shoulder patches (olive in immatures) and rufous undertail coverts. They reach a length of 25–28 cm.

Males are solid deep blue with dark eyes, bill, and feet. Females of all subspecies are duller, with rufous-brown underparts.

The eyes are red. The chest and flanks are rufous. The belly, rump and tail are black. Legs are coral-red.

Body greyish and head rufous. Black spots found on the head and ringing each segment. Its host plants are Wendlandia species.

The dorsal pattern consists of rufous-colored spots outlined in black in 5-10 rows, with no dorsal or lateral stripes.

It is sexually dimorphic, with a blue tail in the male, and a rufous tail with blackish bars in the female.

Its wingspan is about . Palpi much shorter. Forewings long and narrow, especially in male. Body rufous, slightly with black irrorations (speckles).

The rufous fantail was first described by Latham in his 1801 work, Index Ornithologicus initially as Muscicapa ruffifrons. It was later reclassified into the genus Rhipidura by Vigors and Horsfield. The rufous fantail's scientific name is consequently Rhipidura ruffifrons. Rhipidura is derived from Greek: ρϊπός (pronounced rhipido), meaning fan-like and οὐρά (pronounced oura), meaning tail.

The rufous-rumped antwren (Euchrepomis callinota) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. The rufous-rumped antwren was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1855 and given the binomial name Formicivora nigrocinereus.

The mountain treeshrew is dark grizzled rufous above with an indistinct black line along the back. Its tail is rather short and grizzled rufous above, but below more olivaceous yellow with a black tip. The lateral tail hairs are ringed. The head and body length measures 15–33 cm and the tail length measures 13–19 cm.

The rufous-backed stipplethroat (Epinecrophylla haematonota), also called the rufous-backed antwren or the stipple-throated antwren, is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to eastern Ecuador, northern and eastern Peru and western Brazil in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The rufous-fronted babbler (Cyanoderma rufifrons) is a babbler species in the Old World babbler family. It occurs in India's Eastern Ghats and from the Eastern Himalayan foothills to Southeast Asia at altitudes of . It is buff- brown with paler brown underparts and a dull rufous crown. Its upper wings, tail, supercilium and lores are whitish-grey.

The isabelline bush-hen (Amaurornis isabellina) also known as Sulawesi waterhen or isabelline waterhen is a large, up to 40 cm long, rufous and brown rail. The term isabelline refers to the colouration. It is the largest member of the genus Amaurornis. Both sexes are similar with olive brown plumage, pale green bill, greenish brown legs and rufous below.

It is a medium-sized cuckoo, about 29 centimetres in length. The adult is dark-grey above and white below with a pale rufous breast and upper belly. The tail has three or four black and buff bars, a broad black band near the tip and a pale rufous tip. There is a bare yellow ring around the eye.

Photographed at Queen Elizabeth NP, Uganda The white-browed robin-chat is long and weighs . The crown and face are black, and there is a white supercilium over the dark brown eye. The back is olive grey-brown, and the rump is rufous. The two central tail feathers are olive-brown, and the other feathers are orange- rufous.

The rufous-fronted laughingthrush (Garrulax rufifrons) is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. it is endemic to Java, where it occurs in evergreen tropical montane forests at . It feeds on insects and fruit. It is in length, and has a striking and very deep rufous-red patch on an otherwise grey plumage above its bill.

The Rufous-tailed hawk (Buteo ventralis) is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. The rufous-tailed hawk is found in southern Argentina and Chile, including the entire region of Tierra del Fuego. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, and temperate grassland.

The rufous-breasted sparrowhawk (Accipiter rufiventris), also known as the rufous-chested sparrowhawk and as the red-breasted sparrowhawk, is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

They also have white on their bill and a blue-green streak over their eye. The broad-billed motmot looks nearly identical to the rufous motmot (Baryphthengus martii) but it has a few discerning characteristics. It is smaller and has a larger black patch compared to the rufous motmot, as well as a blue-green chin.

The white of the head and body makes it easy to distinguish from the sympatric rufous treepie. This tends to be found in more dense forest and is less associated with human habitation than the rufous treepie. The white-bellied treepie is long. The back of the neck is white, and the throat and breast are black.

The variegated tinamou is approximately in length.Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003) Its upper back is rufous, and its lower back and wings are black with conspicuous yellowish bands. Its throat is white, and its neck and upper breast are bright rufous, with buff lower breast and belly. Also, its flanks are tinged with cinnamon and dusky light barring.

The underparts are olive buff. Sexes are similar, but the male has a concealed rufous-orange patch in the centre of his back. Young birds are similar to the adults, but have rufous fringes to the wing coverts and are paler below. The call is a squeaky sweek, and the song is cheep cheep CHEEP CHEEP cheep.

Adults are rufous with a slight olive tinge. The forewings have indistinct waved lines on the basal area and some black on the base of the costa. The hindwings have a diffused black subbasal line and traces of a medial line. A postmedial line sharply angled at vein 4, and with diffused black and rufous inside it.

Body rufous, with rufous suffusion. Forewings with traces of numerous waved lines. An oblique antemedial line angled in the cell and a postmedial line with blackish suffusion inside it, angled on veins 6 and 4, then oblique. A submarginal waved greyish line found with black marks on it at costa, and on each side of vein 6.

The rufous-crested coquette is rare yet its populations appear stable, and the IUCN red list ranks this species as one of lest concern. While habitat loss due to deforestation is a major problem for bird species in South America, since the rufous-crested coquette feeds in open areas and forest clearings it is affected to a lesser degree.

Showing glittering purple, green, and coppery on lower back and rump Short straight bill, male metallic dusky brown above, dark on crown and ear-coverts. Area of glittering purple on lower back becoming coppery on rump and green on uppertail coverts. Face and underparts cinnamon-rufous. Tail bronzy olive, lateral feathers with rufous on inner webs.

Jackal and augur buzzards (Buteo rufofuscus & augur), also both rufous on the tail, are larger and bulkier than steppe buzzards and have several distinctive plumage characteristics, most notably both having their own striking, contrasting patterns of black-brown, rufous and cream.Steyn, P. (1983). Birds of prey of southern Africa: Their identification and life histories. Croom Helm, Beckenham (UK). 1983.

The large rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rufus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

The natural habitats of the rufous-headed parrotbill are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-bellied heron (Ardeola rufiventris) is a species of heron in the genus Ardeola, the pond herons, of the family Ardeidae.

The species is also known from coastal scrublands and chaparral areas. The rufous-crowned sparrow thrives in open areas cleared by burning.

The rufous- throated partridge gives a rising series of hu-hu whistles. In a duet, the partner's call is kew-kew-kew.

The rufous-crowned emu-wren (Stipiturus ruficeps) is a species of bird in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae. It is endemic to Australia.

Hindwings of female excised. It is an olive-green moth with a rufous frons. Vertex of head whitish. Abdomen with white dorsal spots.

Logrunners are patterned olive, gray, and mottled black. All males have a white throat, while females have a rufous throat and upper breast.

It differs from the common ring- tail possum found on the east of the continent, by lacking any rufous colouration in the fur.

The Somali lark is sometimes considered a race of rufous- naped lark, but is alternatively deemed a full species in Mirafra or Certhilauda.

Hindwings fuscous. Cilia chequered rufous and fuscous. Ventral side with indistinct cell-spot and postmedial line. Females often have a dark brown costa.

These white areas - especially on the pedipalps - have a nacre-like iridescence. Females are dark brown, with a lighter and somewhat rufous opisthosoma.

The dark morph adult is essentially all dark, dull brown. Some dark morph tawny eagles with wear may show irregular streaking or molting browns and more blackish feathers. Intermediate morph are dark to rufous brown above with the mantle and wing coverts variably streaked or molted lighter rufous as is the head with the crown or crown-sides being paler. The intermediate morph's underside is largely rufous (especially farther south in Africa) with breast and flanks very heavily and broadly streaked dark brown, though at times appears all dark brown contrasting with plain trousers and crissum.

The forewings are yellow with a subbasal rufous line curving round at the costa and joining the antemedial line which is excurvcd to the submedian fold, then incurved. There is a point in the middle of the cell and a discoidal bar. The postmedial line is rufous, rather diffused and almost straight from the costa to vein 2, then retracted to the origin of vein 2, and angled inwards on vein 1 almost to the antemedial line, which it also almost meets at the inner margin. The terminal area is rufous with a yellow spot beyond the postmedial line at the costa.

The rufous-bellied kookaburra (Dacelo gaudichaud), originally known as Gaudichaud's kookaburra after the French botanist Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré, is a species of kookaburra which is widely distributed through the forests of lowland New Guinea. It has a black cap, blue-tinged wings, and a pale rufous belly and tail feathers, but its white bill distinguishes it very clearly from other kookaburras with their black bills. Juveniles, however, have a dark grey bill. Like the blue-winged kookaburra, the sexes can be distinguished by the colour of the tail feathers: blue in males and rufous in females and immature birds.

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous and mixed with some black brown; palpi dark brown; abdomen dorsally dark brown, ventrally ochreous tinged with rufous. Forewing rufous, the costal area, median nervure and veins arising from it, and inner margin suffused with dark brown, slight white points in and beyond lower angle of cell; traces of a subterminal series of black points, a slight oblique dark shade from termen below apex; a terminal series of black points. Hindwing dark reddish brown, the cilia with fine pale line at base; the underside greyish suffused and sprinkled with fuscous.Hampson, George F. (1910).

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with brown; abdomen ochreous white. Forewing pale ochreous yellow faintly tinged with rufous and the veins slightly streaked with rufous; a slight blackish streak below the basal half of the cell; some black scales at the lower angle of the cell; an oblique postmedial series of black points on veins 6 to 1; an oblique diffused rufous fascia from termen below apex to vein 3; a slight brown terminal line; cilia yellowish white with a faint brownish line through them. Hindwing white faintly tinged with ochreous; the underside white with the costal area tinged with ochreous.

This hummingbird species can sometimes be confused with other species such as Rufous-tailed hummingbird, but the rufous- tailed hummingbird is larger, has a longer, rufous tail, green throat and breast as opposed to blue in the blue-throated sapphire, and a more curved and paler bill. Blue-throated sapphire also resembles Blue-headed sapphire but the latter differs from it by its blue crown and sides of the head, green throat and blue tail. These two species' range overlap in extreme eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia, but there is no evidence of sympatry between them.

The forests are also important for great slaty woodpecker and white-naped woodpecker. The white- rumped vulture, slender-billed vulture, lesser adjutant, grey-headed fish eagle, darter and rufous-rumped grassbird are breeding residents. Sarus crane, painted stork and bristled grassbird are summer visitors. Greater racquet- tailed drongo, white-capped water redstart, rusty-tailed flycatcher and rufous-gorgeted flycatcher are uncommon winter visitors.

The Comoros thrush is a brown bird with olive tinged upperparts, slightly more rufous on the tail and wings. The underparts are whitish except for brown flanks and brown scaling on the breast and belly, central belly and undertail coverts are white. The females are browner than the males but otherwise similar, juveniles are more rufous. The length is 24 cm.

The Mexican fox squirrel has a grizzled brown back with a yellow to rufous underside, and a charcoal tail frosted with white. Two molts occur each year; the winter pelage is more rufous and the scrotum is often ringed with white.Thorington, R.W., Jr., Koprowski, J.L., Steele, M.A., and Whatton, J. (2012) Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 472 pp.

The rufous-breasted flycatcher (Leptopogon rufipectus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, far northwestern Peru and far western Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The rufous-breasted flycatcher can often be detected by its sharp, squeaky call, which it often gives while foraging with mixed species flocks.

The volcano forms part of the Sierra Madre, hosting an abundance of endemic species such as the endangered Guatemalan Fir or "Pinabete" (Abies guatemalensis) and forming an integral part of one of the largest contiguous biological corridors of southwestern Guatemala. Bird species include the pink- headed warbler, black-capped siskin, highland guan, rufous-collared robin, white-breasted hawk, and rufous-browed wren.

It is on average 15cm long and weighs 28g. The adult has a stubby dark-grey bill, unstreaked olive-brown upperparts, a rufous crown and mainly white underparts. Young birds are browner above, have yellower underparts, and a duller indistinct head pattern. The rufous of the crown extends to behind the eye and is bordered on its anterior edge with black.

The Manus boobook (Ninox meeki) is a small owl. It has an unmarked brown facial disk, rufous crown and back, barred white flight feathers and tail, and whitish underparts with rufous streaking. This species is endemic to Manus Island, in the Admiralty Islands. It lives mainly in forests, but will appear in trees humans, and will sometimes occupy riparian habitats.

The rufous-tailed robin is much the same size as the European robin at length. It is plain greyish brown above and grey to white below, with circular pale markings on its heavily mottled throat and breast. It has a bright rufous rump and tail. The flanks are buff and there is whitish ring round the eye and a pronounced buffish cheek stripe.

This is a minute, shrike- like falcon, with a squarish tail that is frequently spread. The adult male is glossy black above, with a white forehead streak that arcs around black cheeks. It has a white or rufous-washed throat, with a white breast shading into a rufous abdomen. Its thighs and flanks are black, as is its cere and legs.

The black-and-orange flycatcher or black-and-rufous flycatcher (Ficedula nigrorufa) is a species of flycatcher endemic to the central and southern Western Ghats, the Nilgiris and Palni hill ranges in southern India. It is unique among the Ficedula flycatchers in having rufous coloration on its back and prior to molecular studies was suggested to be related to the chats and thrushes.

Adult in Machu Picchu, Peru The rufous-collared sparrow is long and weighs . The adult has a stubby grey bill, and a grey head with broad black stripes on the crown sides, and thinner stripes through the eye and below the cheeks. The nape and breast sides are rufous, and the upperparts are black-streaked buff-brown. There are two white wing bars.

The tepui tinamou is approximately in length. The top of its head and rear of neck are rufous brown, darker on its back, and dusky below with rufous sheen on its upper breast. The sides of its head and throat are grey in color, its upper mandible is black, its lower mandible yellow with black tip, and its legs are olive in color.

It is a whitish moth with slight rufous and fuscous suffusion. Head blackish. Forewings with rusty costa. A medial sinuous line present, which is angled below costa, with another line beyond it produced to points beyond the angles of cell and approaching the medial line below the cell, the area between them usually tinged with rufous and with a cell-spot.

The rufous-tailed antthrush or Brazilian antthrush (Chamaeza ruficauda) is a species of bird in the family Formicariidae. It is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil and far northeastern Argentina (only Misiones Province). The cryptic antthrush and short-tailed antthrush are present in the same region, but these are mainly found at lower altitudes than the rufous- tailed antthrush.

Erlanger's and red-capped larks have darker upperparts with more streaking and a darker rufous crown. Erlanger's lark has larger dark neck-patches while in red-capped lark the patches are rufous. Blanford's lark has a sparrow-like flight-call. The song is given in a circular song-flight and includes a mixture of chew-chew-chew-chew notes and fluid phrases.

Most of its wing coverts, tertials and central tail feathers have pale centres. The primary coverts look all brown. The rufous wing bars are diagnostic but care must be taken not to confuse the bird with Jerdon's bush lark in the central Western Ghats and country around where their ranges overlap. Jerdon's bush lark is darker with more rufous on the wings.

The plumage of the hooded pitohui is dichromatic, black and rufous chestnut The hooded pitohui is long and weighs . The adult has a black , head, chin, throat and upper breast and a black tail. The rest of the plumage is a rufous chestnut. The bill and legs are black, and the irises are either reddish brown, dark brown or black.

The normal clutch is three brown-marked white eggs. left The adult olive-backed euphonia is 9.5 cm long and weighs 12 g. The adult male has glossy olive upperparts, a yellow forehead, and a rufous belly surrounded by yellow. The adult female has less glossy upperparts than the male, a chestnut forehead, yellow underparts and a small rufous belly patch.

The upper breast is rufous with white bars, the lower breast and belly are buff with dark streaks while the vent and legs are pale buff. The flight feathers and the tail have broad dark bars on a rufous background. The bill is yellow, the cere greenish-yellow and the eyes, legs and feet are yellow. The body length is .

The tail is dark brown, but the outer webs of the outer tail feathers vary from buff (cf. africana and sharpii) to tawny or bright rufous. The mantle is lighter brown than the back, and the rump still darker brown. The flanks are a shade darker than the rufous-buff belly, but regionally the plumage may also be stained red by soil.

An adult on twig The adults have a total length of approximately . They have grey upperparts and blackish remiges, but the colour of the remaining plumage depends on the subspecies. In the nominate subspecies and blythii, the underparts (incl. undertail) are rufous, but in nemoricola the underparts are whitish tinged rufous, especially on the flanks and crissum (the undertail coverts surrounding the cloaca).

Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Comistock. This subspecies is arguably the most handsomely colored in typical adult plumage. This subspecies is dark brown above and heavily pigmented dorsally, the white of the breast contrasting with a deep rufous abdominal band which contains black streaks and spots. Meanwhile, the flanks, wing linings and sides are an unbarred deep rufous.

The vent and tail-tip are rufous. The bill is black with yellow to the upper mandible and a white band at the base of the bill. Some white-throated toucanets have a rufous patch near the base of the lower mandible. The throat of the Santa Marta toucanet is pale grey-blue and white or grey-blue in the other subspecies.

The Escudo hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl handleyi) is a hummingbird in the subfamily Trochilinae. It was long considered a doubtfully distinct species, but more recently it is generally treated as a subspecies of the rufous-tailed hummingbird, A. tzacatl. It is endemic to Isla Escudo de Veraguas in Panama. Except for its larger size, it is similar to the rufous-tailed hummingbird.

The black-headed rufous warbler (Bathmocercus cerviniventris), also known as the black-capped rufous warbler, is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical swampland, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Eagris nottoana, the rufous-winged flat or rufous-winged elfin, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found from South Africa to Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia and on Madagascar. The wingspan is 35–42 mm for males and 39–43 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round in warmer areas with peaks in summer and autumn.

The back is black with a tawny strip, the rump is mottled black, and the tail is black with white tips and edges to the outer feathers. The wings are black with a buff shoulder stripe. The underparts are white with rufous flanks. The female is duller and browner, with some streaking on the underparts and less rufous on the flanks.

The Ravensthorpe rufous greenhood grows in rocky soil in woodland and shrubland between Jerramungup and Ravensthorpe in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.

The Malayan night heron is about long. The wingspan is about . It is stocky, with a short beak. Its neck and breast are rufous.

A rufous- morph male Indian paradise flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi with a feed at nest at Ananthagiri Hills, in Rangareddy district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

They were previously considered conspecific and called the rufous- naped wren. Some taxonomic authorities do not recognize the split, including the American Ornithological Society.

The Cape Rockjumper or rufous rockjumper (Chaetops frenatus) is a medium-sized insectivorous passerine bird endemic to the mountain Fynbos of southernmost South Africa.

The rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax), also known as the Philippine hornbill and locally as kalaw (pronounced kah-lau), is a large species of hornbill.

While they generally occupy the lowlands to 500m and locally to 1100m, interspecies aggression between the rufous-capped antthrush and F. analis has been observed to induce altitudinal displacement, with F. colma fleeing to higher and drier ravines and ridges while the F. analis occupy the lower lands. Additionally, in Manu, the black-faced antthrush, being both larger and more population-dense, dominate over the rufous-capped antthrush. While the two species frequently overlap due to F. colma's large distribution, the song of the F. colma has been reported to induce an aggressive response from the black-faced antthrush while the song of the black-faced antthrush causes recession of the rufous-capped antthrush, indicating further interspecies aggression. Other than interspecies aggression, the driving factor controlling the rufous-capped antthrush’s distribution is poorly understood, as they are believed to be a sedentary species.

Within its genus, the Iago sparrow has been considered one of the African 'rufous sparrows', a group which also includes species such as the great sparrow (Passer motitensis). These birds were usually treated as distinct species until Reginald Ernest Moreau, writing in the 1962 Check-list of the Birds of the World, lumped the Iago sparrow and the mainland rufous sparrows as the single species Passer motitensis. This taxonomy was followed frequently until J. Denis Summers- Smith, a world authority on sparrows, argued in the 1980s that the Iago sparrow's many differences in morphology and behaviour, and separation from the other rufous sparrows by about , are sufficient grounds for species status. Studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA have since suggested it may be a close relative of the house sparrow and the Spanish sparrow and not the rufous sparrows.

The throat and breast are deep rufous-orange. The vent and undertail coverts are white. The legs are pinkish to whitish. The beak is black.

The namesake features are long, pointed bristles on the forehead. The female is cinnamon- brown above, with a duskier tail, and bright cinnamon-rufous below.

The rufous monarch was originally described in the genus Tchitrea. Also, some authorities, either formerly or presently, have placed this species in the genus Symposiachrus.

The large-hooded rufous greenhood grows in woodland and shrubland and on granite outcrops between Moora, Woodanilling and Esperance in the Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic region.

Female more irrorated with fuscous. Often suffused with rufous, and with pale band grey. Cilia fuscous. Ventral side with orange outer area and white blotches.

Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan. 61 (2): 137-172. The wingspan is about 20 mm. Adults are pale green, suffused with pale rufous.

The rufous dog-faced bat (Molossops neglectus), is a bat species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Suriname.

The northern rosella is a prey item of the rufous owl (Ninox rufa). The bird louse Forficuloecus wilsoni has been recovered from the northern rosella.

The Small Rufous (Coenobia rufa) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in western and central Europe, Scandinavia and the British Isles.

The highland tinamou averages long, and weighs . Its plumage is mottled or barred with black and cinnamon on back and wings with a rufous throat.

The rufous-breasted sparrowhawk shares many behavioral qualities with other African and European accipiters, but virtually nothing is known of its diet and nestling development.

However, the rufous owl, like many other birds, is subject to the threats of hunting, clearing of forests, and forest fires during the dry seasons.

The rufous-vented paradise flycatcher is similar in appearance but has a darker head with a crest and males always have elongated central tail- feathers.

The rufous-winged cisticola (Cisticola galactotes) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is found on the east coast of southern Africa.

Individual variation occurs in the extent of rufous on the anterior dorsal fur, tail colour and the face mask. The weight varies from 220g=355g.

The straight-billed earthcreeper grows to a length of about . The upper parts are pale brown with rufous colour on some of the flight feathers. The tail is rufous brown, with blackish inner webs to the central feathers, and is often kept cocked at a marked angle. The throat and chest are white and the breast and belly are pale brown, with white streaks.

The rufous piculet is a very small bird with short wings and an almost non-existent tail, ranging in length from . The upper parts are generally green tinted with bronze, and the underparts rufous, orange or cinnamon, with paler flanks. The mantle and back are olive, the wings are brownish above, and the underwings are buff. The stumpy tail is blackish above, edged with olive.

Female malagasy paradise flycatcher The Malagasy paradise flycatcher is a medium- sized passerine, measuring in length and weighing between . Males have long tail plumes, which can add as much as to their overall length. The female is largely rufous-orange, with a black head and nape. The flight feathers on her wings are black with rufous edges, and she has a thin, light blue eyelid wattle.

This was based on inaccurate reports made by Charles William Beebe. It has since been shown that these barbs are weakly attached and fall off due to abrasion with substrates and during routine preening. There are however also several species where the tail is "normal", these being the tody motmot, blue-throated motmot, rufous-capped motmot, and the Amazonian populations of the rufous and broad-billed motmots.

Rufous elephant shrews are active throughout the day, with peaks in activity at dusk and dawn while having a midday rest. A mating male and female will build trails beneath leaf litter. The trails act as shelter and protection because the rufous elephant shrew does not build or use shelters or burrows. Throughout the trails are several rest spots for scent-marking and sunbathing.

The Zanj sun squirrel is a large squirrel with a greyish tawny body and a long ringed tail. The fur on the upper part of the body, including the tail is tawny grey grizzled with grey bands, each hair ending in a white subterminal band. The underside is whitish or pale rufous. The head has a similar color to the dorsal fur but with rufous tints.

It is a small, short-winged, and long-legged bird with a short and slender beak. The top of the head and the upperparts are greyish brown, with a rufous wash on the forecrown and a dark rufous ring around the eyes. The central chin and throat are buffy white, along with the belly and undertail coverts. The breast and flanks are cinnamon buff.

This is a small robin (average length 15 cm) with orange-rufous head, a black face, and a white throat with black bordering. Back, upper breast and flanks are grey, most of the belly and underparts are white. The tail is black with rufous fringes and blackish tips to outer feathers. The song is powerful and clearly phrased, and most similar to that of the Ryukyu robin.

Ecuador birds have a gray head with dark speckles The adult cliff flycatcher is about long. It has a wide beak and long pointed wings, resembling those of a swallow. The upper parts are dusky brown, with a distinctive rufous rump and base of tail. The tips of the wing feathers are dark, but the remaining parts are cinnamon-rufous and these are exposed in flight.

It may be identified by the buff underside, smaller beak than in the Kashmir nuthatch (S. cashmirensis). The white on the upper tail coverts is difficult to see in the field. It has a small bill and rufous-orange underparts with unmarked bright rufous undertail-coverts. Resident in the sub-Himalayan range from Himachal Pradesh to Arunachal Pradesh and into the South Assam Hills (Lushai Hills).

Male without thick tufts of laden-colored scaled at extremity of mid and hind tibia. Body olive green with black irrorations (speckles). Forewings with rufous broad medial area, irroarted or suffused with black and edges by waved black lines, which are angled on median nervure and vein 4. There is a pale waved submarginal line with rufous area, with a pale diffused patch at middle.

The rufous mouse opossum (Marmosa lepida) or little rufous mouse opossum is an opossum species from South America. The species has been found in Bolivia, Surinam, French Guinea, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Surinam in lowland tropical rainforest at altitudes from 100 to 1000 m. It is presumed to feed on insects and fruit, like its close relatives. It is considered a monotype.

Male have rufous forewings with two dark fuscous spots at both the upper and lower angle of the cell, as well as a dark fuscous fascia from the apex to the lower angle of the cell. There is also a blurry longitudinal rufous band from the base to the distal part of the cell. The hindwings are uniform pale fuscous. Females are somewhat paler than males.

The dark form of this eagle is similar except the head and under body is usually darker brown or rich rufous. The sexes are similar with females being larger and typically darker. Juveniles are similar to adults but tend to be more strongly rufous in colour with less contrast in patterns (Marchant and Higgins 1993; Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001; Olsen and Fuentes 2004; Debus 1998).

After breeding, families sleep together in dormitory nests like those used for breeding. in Guanacaste province, Costa Rica The adult rufous- backed wren is long and weighs . It has a black crown and eyestripe separated by a strong white supercilium, a rufous nape, and cinnamon-brown upperparts streaked with black and white, especially on the rump. The wings and tail are barred with black and greyish-white.

The legs are long and very slender (hence the common name) and yellow. The hooked bill is black and the cere is yellowish. Birds can be Polymorphic. The most common morph has dark grey upperparts (often appears almost black) and white underparts variably barred, shaded, or mottled with rufous or tawny-buff (extensively marked individuals may appear almost entirely rufous or tawny-buff below).

The grey-legged tinamou is approximately in length. It is dark brown above with finely barred black on its lower back, it is rufous below, has tinged grey on its upper breast, the sides of its belly are banded buff, its head and neck are rufous, its throat white, and its legs are greyish. The female is darker on her lower back with narrow light buff barring.

Brushfinches are typically medium-size sparrows, with long tails. Brushfinches are usually gray or olive in colour with a contrasting crown. Cuzco brushfinches are two-toned with a uniform dusky gray and a rufous crown. The center of the belly, as well as the other underparts, are lighter gray than the outside, which is dark gray and the rufous color extends to the nape.

The orange-billed babbler (Argya rufescens) also known as Ceylon rufous babbler or Sri Lankan rufous babbler is a member of the family Leiothrichidae. The orange-billed babbler is a resident breeding bird endemic to Sri Lanka. In the past, it was considered to be a race of jungle babbler, Argya striatus. Its habitat is rainforest, and it is seldom seen away from deep jungle.

A young F. c. chicquera with rufous on the back and shoulders The red-necked falcon is a medium-sized, long-winged species with a bright rufous crown and nape. It is on average 30–36 cm in length with a wingspan of 85 cm. The wings and upper parts are bluish grey and the tail has narrow bars, a broad subterminal black band tipped with white.

Other similarly sized grebes are very distinct in plumage, i.e. the eared grebe and horned grebe. Both species bear much more colorful breeding plumage, with rufous sides, golden crests along the side of the head against contrasting slaty color (also a rufous neck in the horned); while in winter, both the eared and horned grebes are pied with slaty and cream color and have red eyes.

The physical appearance differs from other species by a heavier black marking above breast as well as no rufous on breast. Hodgson's frogmouth is the most well-marked sexual dichromatic of all frogmouths. The male is rufous brown. Upper parts are heavily marked with black, especially on the head, with irregular bold whitish markings particularly on scapular and upper mantle which forms a white collar.

The rufous potoo is the smallest member of its genus, and extremely well- camouflaged, being almost invisible among dead leaves, trees and other plants. Its body is, like the common name implies, rufous with white spots on the underbody. To improve their camouflage even further, they will rock back and forth while roosting to even closer resemble a dead leaf. They sing almost exclusively on full moons.

The male black coucal is in length while the female is , otherwise they are similar in appearance. In breeding plumage the head, body and tail are black, apart from some buff barring on the rump, and the wings are rufous. Outside the breeding season, the upper parts are dark brown with rufous barring. The eyes are brown and the beak and legs are black.

The rufous-tailed scrub robin is a bird of dry open country with bushes and shrubs. It builds its nest a few feet off the ground; there are three to five eggs in a typical clutch. The rufous-tailed scrub robin is larger than the European robin. It has brown upper parts, whitish under parts, and a prominent whitish supercilium and a dark eye-stripe.

The hook-billed hermit (Glaucis dohrnii) is an endangered species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in humid forests in eastern Brazil, with recent records from the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia only. It resembles the far more common rufous-breasted hermit, but has a straighter bill and lacks rufous in the tail. It is threatened by habitat loss and changing migration patterns.

The ferruginous partridge measures from in length and weighs between . The plumage is distinctive, having a rufous head, breast and belly and black scaled with white upper back and sides of breast and flanks. The wings are brown with black spots, and the rest of the back is black scaled with rufous. The sexes are similar except the male has two spurs and the female just one.

Females are close in appearance to males, but have a blue- black eye ring instead of purple, darker sides of the head and duller chestnut colors. The black-eared wood quail is very similar in appearance to the Rufous-fronted wood quail (Odontophorus erythrops), but the Rufous-fronted wood quail has a distinctive white jugular band that is absent in the black- eared wood quail.

Like dark morphs, rufous morph adults usually lack the incomplete V on the back, but sometimes rufous feathers can manifest on one. Adults may show nearly endless variation in coloring and many may combine several characteristics of the three main morphs. Dark morph juveniles are usually mostly dark brown but with extensive pale mottling on the back and occasional tawny-edge feathers on the underside and slightly broader bars on the tail than pale morph B. j. calurus. Rufous morph immatures are more similar to pale morph ones but are considerably more heavily streaked almost everywhere below from the thighs to the upper chest.

Victoria Memorial Museum. Krider's hawk is paler than other red tails, with the head typically white (and the crown invariably so) with somewhat darker nape, variable dark markings about the face (sometimes either through the eyes, forming a moustache or ear streaks). The upperparts are light brown and upper-wing coverts are heavily mottled white, the tail is typically whitish at the base otherwise a fairly pale pink rufous (more rufous than the somewhat similar marked ferruginous hawk, which also have rufous "trousers" that are pure white on Krider's). Krider's hawks are distinctly all white underneath with no trace of a belly band, unlike the palest B. m. harlani.

The wingspan is 34–44 mm. Forewing yellow ochreous or ferruginous, sometimes much dusted with fuscous; the lines and edges of stigmata rufous; the inner line waved, the outer lunulate-dentate; submarginal wavy, ochreous, with a rufous line inside it; lower part of reniform blackish; a small dark spot near base of wing; median shade generally present; hindwing grey, the costal area ochreous, the fringe rufous ochreous. The paler ochreous form is the type; the deep ferruginous examples are ferruginea Especially in Agrochola macilenta Hbn., the forewings are darkened by fuscous shading, especially along inner and outer margins; the hindwings are blackish grey; the ab.

The adult rufous-tailed hummingbird is long and weighs approximately . The throat is green (edged whitish in the female), the crown, back and flanks are green tinged golden, the belly is pale greyish, the vent and rump are rufous and the slightly forked tail is rufous with a dusky tip. The almost straight bill is red with a black tip; the black is more extensive on the upper mandible, which may appear all black. Immatures are virtually identical to the female. The call is a low chut, and the male's song is a whistled tse we ts’ we or tse tse wip tseek tse.

The shovel-billed kookaburra (Clytoceyx rex), also known as the shovel-billed kingfisher, is a large, approximately 33 cm (13 in) long, dark brown tree kingfisher with a heavy, short and broad bill that is unique among the kingfishers. It has a dark head with rufous stripe behind eye, a white throat, rufous neck collar and underparts, bright blue rump, brown iris, brownish- black bill with paler mandible (entire bill often appears brownish due to earth) and pale feet. Both sexes are similar in appearance, but are easily recognized from the colour of the tail. The male has a dark bluish tail while female's is rufous.

Seitz describes it E. imbecilla F. (= aliena male Hbn., alpina female Hbn., disparilis O., nexa Dup.) Forewing rufous ochreous, sometimes grey-tinged, in the male, rufous brown in the female; veins finely brownish; inner and outer lines brown; submarginal obscure, the marginal area beyond it generally darker; reniform stigma externally whitish, preceded by a brownish median shade ; hindwing greyish fuscous : fringe rufous. — Larva dirty grey, with a few yellowish grey hairs; dorsal line fine, whitish, traversing a series of black or brown oval blotches : lateral stripes dark grey, with a pale line at middle ; spiracles black , each with a shining black point above it; head blackish, with 3 white lines.Warren.

The green-and-rufous kingfisher (Chloroceryle inda) is a resident breeding bird in the lowlands of the American tropics from southeastern Nicaragua south to southern Brazil.

The name 'white-bellied whistler' is also used as an alternate name for the mangrove whistler, white-vented whistler, rufous whistler and the white- breasted whistler.

They weigh from 5.4 g in the case of the smallest, the rufous-crowned, to 7.5 g of the southern emu-wren.Rowley and Russell, p. 33.

The nodding rufous-hood grows in rocky, hilly places, often under Melaleuca uncinata scrub. It is only known from about twelve locations on the Eyre Peninsula.

Notable avifauna includes beautiful nuthatch (Sitta formosa), brown hornbill (Anorrhinus tickelli), great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), red-collared woodpecker (Picus rabieri), and rufous-necked hornbill (Aceros nipalensis).

In flight, showing dark rufous underwing coverts and deeply forked tail Clutch in nest Glareola pratincola boweni The species lays 2–4 eggs on the ground.

Ventral coloration is similarly variable (hair brown, lime green, straw yellow, glaucous, sulphur yellow to spectrum orange, Pratt's rufous). Some specimens have middorsal or dorsolateral stripes.

Based on this analysis the rufous-vented prinia and the closely related swamp grass babbler were moved to the reinstated genus Laticilla in the family Pellorneidae.

The rufous on the flanks is limited and may even fade away entirely in nonbreeding females. The two white wing bars are present in all plumages.

Census of Vertebrates in a Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest Area: The Paranapiacaba Fragment. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona. and rufous-sided crake.Schubart O, Aguirre AC, Sick H. 1965.

But a more accurate and current population estimate is still need to get a better understanding of what danger the rufous-tailed hawk is truly in.

Originally, the spike-heeled lark was considered to belong to the genus Certhilauda (as C. albofasciata). Alternately, it has been called the rufous long-billed lark.

The Chiriquí quail-dove or rufous-breasted quail-dove (Zentrygon chiriquensis) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae, native to the Talamancan montane forests.

The forewings are rufous suffused with dark brown, the costal area bright rufous except towards the base, with three small black spots on the costa towards the apex. The antemedial line is black-brown, angled outwards below the costa, excurved below the cell and angled inwards above the inner margin, defined on inner side by whitish below the cell. There is a small black annulus in the upper part of the middle of the cell and a discoidal figure-of-eight shaped mark, its upper and lower parts filled in with rufous, the rufous from the costa extending into the cell before it. The postmedial line is black-brown defined on the outer side by whitish, strong and obliquely downcurved to vein 6, then excurved and minutely dentate to vein 2 where it is retracted to below the angle of the cell and bent outwards below the submedian fold.

The rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rouxii) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.

It has a wingspan of 40 mm. Head brown. Thorax and abdomen brownish white. Forewings brownish grey with a basal white patch slightly suffused with bright rufous.

Adults are uniform rufous chocolate, with a small yellow half-moon-shaped discocellular stigma on the forewings, and white streaks on the abdominal margin of the hindwings.

The rufous greenhood grows in woodland, shrubland and in shallow soil on granite outcrops between Hyden and Balladonia in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions.

Although its spread is often considered undesirable, scrub provides valuable habitat for a range of invertebrates, including the Roman snail, rufous grasshopper and the dark green fritillary.

There is a rufous spot in the area between the subbasal and medial lines on the hindwings. The postmedial and subterminal lines consist of brown-tipped scales.

A dark speck at end of cell. A rufous spot found on costa before apex. Hindwings are with a dark spot. The caterpillar is cylindrical and slender.

Adults are pale green, suffused with pale rufous. The forewings have indistinct blackish basal and antemedial bands with waved edges. The hindwings are whitish, with ochreous tufts.

The exserted rufous greenhood grows in shrubland, mallee woodland, and near granite outcrops between Eneabba and Hyden in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Mallee biogeographic regions.

The size of the shell attains 54 mm. The umbilicate shell has a globose-conoid shape. Its color pattern is green, rufous marbled. The whorls are rounded.

The rufous-bellied seedsnipe ranges as far up as to the snowline (5500 m). Their 2–3 eggs are laid in a shallow scrape on the ground.

The Rufous-fronted wood quail eats insects and nuts especially in summer, as well as plants. Unlike many other bird species, they require a high protein diet.

The Rufous-brested wood quail eats insects and nuts especially in summer, as well as plants. Unlike many other bird species, they require a high protein diet.

Afro Moths The wingspan is about 17 mm. The forewings are ochreous brownish with slight rufous tinge. The extreme costal edge is whitish. The hindwings are grey.

The rock earthcreeper grows to a length of about . The upper parts are brown with some rufous colour on the primary feathers and a rufous brown tail, which is often kept cocked. The underparts are pale buff, with brownish streaks on the sides and flanks, and sometimes on the entire breast. The beak is long and slightly decurved, and there is a narrow buff supercilium above the eye.

The rufous fantail is easily distinguished by their orange-reddish-brown back, rump and base of tail. They have a black and white breast that grades into a white colour on the chin and throat. They are migratory, travelling to south-eastern Australia in the spring to breed, and then north in the autumn. The rufous fantail tends to feed on small insects in the lower parts of the canopy.

The red-throated wryneck (Jynx ruficollis) is a species of wryneck in the woodpecker family. It is also known as the rufous-necked wryneck, red-breasted wryneck, African wryneck or rufous-throated wryneck. left This species is resident in sub-Saharan Africa, and is the non-migratory counterpart of the Eurasian Eurasian wryneck. This is a savannah bird, which requires trees with old woodpecker or barbet holes for nesting.

The rufous-capped antshrike (Thamnophilus ruficapillus) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. The rufous-capped antshrike was described by the French ornithologist Louis Vieillot in 1816 and given its current binomial name Thamnophilus ruficapillus.

The most notable birds in Chiribiquete are the Guianan cock-of- the-rock, scarlet macaw, green-and-rufous kingfisher, Amazon kingfisher, ringed kingfisher, rufous-capped motmot, oilbird, and the endemic Chiribiquete emerald hummingbird. Other notable birds in the park are several species of tinamous, curassows in the genus Crax, and motmots in the genus Momotus. The harpy eagle and speckled chachalaca can also be commonly seen in the park.

The rufous-bellied tit (Melaniparus rufiventris) is a species of bird in the tit family. It is found in Africa from the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Namibia east to Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry miombo forests. This long bird has a black head, breast, wings and tail, grey upperparts, white fringes to the wing feathers, and rufous underparts.

The throat rings form black semi-circles that vary in colour from dusky blackish brown to pale rufous and are narrowly edged with rufous. Some individuals have a pure white belly with a tawny tinge where it blends into the tawny colour of the flanks. The ears, eyes and mouth are lined with pale off-white. Two black streaks run from the corners of the eyes across the cheeks.

Even when the crown feathers were examined, none of the rounder, rufous-type melanosomes were seen. The scientists who conducted this second study suggested several possible explanations for this discrepancy. First, the different preservation of melanosomes or different investigative techniques might have influenced the results of the original study. Second, because the Beijing Museum specimen was smaller, it is possible that the rufous color was replaced as these animals aged.

Red goshawk, Cape York Peninsula, Queensland Plumage is generally rufous; on the head streaked with black and white, having more white on the face and throat; on the upper surfaces (body and upperwings) marked with black. Flight feathers and tail are barred grey, dark above and light below. Underside (belly and underwing coverts) are rufous with slight black ticking. The female has a paler belly than the male.

The underparts are buff white and the grey breast band contrasts with the white throat in the breeding season. They have a rufous wing panel and the upperparts are smoky grey during the breeding season and olive brown in the non-breeding period. Non-breeding birds have a short indistinct white supercilium and often lack the breast band. Young birds are like non-breeding adults but more rufous above.

The rufous-naped wren forages actively in low vegetation in pairs or family groups. It eats mainly insects, spiders and other invertebrates. This species is often tame and inquisitive. Three main populations vary markedly in size and coloration, and now represent separate species: Veracruz wren (restricted to central coastal Veracruz), Sclater's wren (north and west from western Chiapas), and rufous-backed wren (south and east from western Chiapas).

The adult male has wine-red streaks on the gorget, green flanks and a dark tail. Females and immatures have a pinkish wash on the flanks, dark streaks on the throat and a dark tail with white tips. The only similar birds are the rufous hummingbird and the Allen's hummingbird, but these birds are larger with more distinct and contrasting rufous markings on tail and flanks, and longer central tail feathers.

The sexes are similar, and the juveniles are also very much like the adults, although even more heavily barred. The call is a harsh tchaaa. The rufous-bellied seedsnipe's 2-3 eggs are laid in a shallow scape on the ground, and the young are able to walk and feed as soon as they are hatched. Rufous-bellied seedsnipes are sometimes hunted for food by local people, especially near mines.

Tapeti is a small- to medium-sized rabbit. It has a head-body length of , a tail that is , hind feet measuring , ears that are (measured from notch to tip), and it weighs an average of . The color of its back is brown with a speckled appearance (resulting from the black hairs tips), and it has a rufous spot on its neck. Its belly and tail underside are also rufous.

The colour on the back varies from brownish yellow to rusty red with slight admixture of white, while the flanks are whitish or greyish. The outer surface of the limbs are iron- grey or rufous, while the inner side of the forelegs and the whole front of the hind legs are white. The face is rufous, with dark markings around the eyes. The underparts are slaty in hue.

The rufous-bellied eagle or rufous-bellied hawk-eagle (Lophotriorchis kienerii) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae that is found in the forested regions of tropical Asia. Relatively small for eagles and contrastingly patterned like a falcon, this species was earlier placed in the genus Hieraaetus and sometimes also in the genus Aquila but thought to be distinctive enough to belong to a separate genus.

The chestnut-bellied partridge (Arborophila javanica) also known as chestnut- bellied hill-partridge or Javan hill-partridge is a small, up to 28 cm long, partridge with a rufous crown and nape, red legs, grey breast, brown wings, red facial skin, and a black mask, throat and bill. It has a rufous belly with white on the middle. Both sexes are similar. The young has whitish face and reddish brown bill.

The upper breast is grey and lower breast, belly, flanks and vent streaked black and white. Undertail coverts are barred black and white. Females are similar to males but with rufous stripe bordering the upper edge of the eyebrow and dull white streaking, tinged rufous, on the centre of the upper breast. In both sexes the bill is black, around 1.5–2 cm long and is relatively straight and slender.

The rufous-gorgeted flycatcher (Ficedula strophiata) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, ranging across Bangladesh, Bhutan, Hong Kong, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The rufous-gorgeted flycatcher is also common in the northern Kachin State of Myanmar, in temperate forest areas near boreal mountains.

The rufous-browed peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis) is a passerine bird in the vireo family. It is widespread and often common in woodland, forest edge, and cultivation with some tall trees from Mexico and Trinidad south to Argentina and Uruguay. The adult rufous-browed peppershrike is approximately long and weighs . It is bull-headed with a thick, somewhat shrike-like bill, which typically is blackish below and pinkish-grey above.

The forewings are white, the costal area faintly tinged with brown up to the postmedial line. The postmedial line is represented by an oblique rufous line, followed by a faint line with a few dark scales. There is a rufous subterminal line, as well as a fine black terminal line. The terminal area of the hindwings is tinged with brown and there is a fine black terminal line.

The red-winged lark is taken to form a species complex with the allopatric rufous-naped lark, and perhaps with the Somali lark. The name "red-winged lark" is sometimes used as an alternate name for the Indian bush lark. The alternate names red-winged bush lark and rufous-winged bush lark may also be used to describe the Indian bush lark or the Bengal bush lark respectively.

The adult grasshopper buzzard is grey brown above with a darker head and dark shaft streaks on all of its feathers. The feathers of the mantle and lesser coverts are narrowly with fringed rufous in fresh plumage, although this wears off. The grey tail has faint brown bars. The greater coverts and primary feathers are light rufous, the primaries are tipped with black, and form a conspicuous reddish patch in flight.

This bird has a brown back with darker streaks and gray underparts. The crown is rufous, and the face and supercilium are gray with a brown or rufous streak extending from each eye and a thick black malar streak. These sparrows feed primarily on seeds in the winter and insects in the spring and summer. The birds are often territorial, with males guarding their territory through song and displays.

It has dark brown lores and brown irides. The rest of the upperparts are a gray-brown, with a paler rump. The wings and almost square tail are dark brown, and the underparts are a dull white with pale gray-brown sides. The juvenile can be differentiated by the fact that its head is more buff and less rufous and its feathers are tinged buff rather than rufous.

The rufous-faced crake (Laterallus xenopterus) is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay; its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss. The rufous-faced crake is described as having bold black and white bars on the upper wing, a reddish brown head/nape, and black and white under tail-coverts.

It has a total length of about 24 centimeters (9½ in). The head and remiges are mainly rufous-chestnut, the underparts and back are buff, the wing-coverts are barred in black and buff and the chest and tail are uniform black. The male has a red malar and mottling on its crest. For comparison, the rufous- headed woodpecker is larger and has extensive black barring on the back and underparts.

The head, thorax, and abdomen are white and slightly tinged with rufous. The forelegs brownish, and the forewings are white and irrorated (sprinkled) with crimson. A bright rufous fascia extends from close to the base through the cell to apex narrowing to points at extremities and defined above and below by white streaks. A slight oblique red fascia extends from termen just below apex to vein 1 beyond the middle.

Rufous songlark in Victoria The rufous songlark is common all over mainland Australia, but is uncommon in the northern Top End of the Northern Territory (Goodfellow & Stott, 2001; 2005). and rare on the island of Tasmania. The overall range of the songlark is thought to be in the order of between 1,000,000 and 10,000,000 km2. C. mathewsi is most often found in New South Wales, Queensland, and Western Australia.

In the breeding season the lively, unmistakable song of the male rufous songlark is heard almost continuously. He chirps and curves his back while going on slow, showy "display flights" between trees. The distinctive "twitchy tweedle" song of the rufous songlark has been included on CDs of "Favourite Australian Birdsong". Without help from the male, the female bird builds a deep nest of grass sheltered amid grass or low vegetation.

Adults are largely distinguishable by their rufous cowls and bold barring below.Fagan, J., & Komar, O. (2016). Peterson field guide to birds of northern Central America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Birds from Inaccessible Island appear to be intermediate, with the sides of the head of a specimen from there speckled both rufous and fuscous.Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam.

The upperparts are light grey-brown with an olive tint, the throat is a pale buffy-white, the belly greyish, and the rump and tail light rufous-brown.

Larva mottled light brown, brown, white and tinged irregularly rufous. The larvae feed on the flowers of Memecylon species. Pupa bone colored, suffused pink and speckled with black.

Adult is rich chestnut below, bluish-grey above with a black hood and pale throat. Juvenile has black streaks on its rufous chest and has a mottled back.

They often pluck the feathers off their prey on a post or other perch. Rarely, rufous-thighed hawks will also eat rodents, lizards, frogs, snakes, and large insects.

The tail is greyish brown to rufous, with a black subterminal band and white feather tips and corners. Juveniles are mottled but with the tail pattern of adults.

It follows the powerline easement in a loop track. Birds include red-browed treecreeper, satin flycatcher, black-faced monarch and rufous fantails in late spring to autumn months.

The juvenile is similar to the adult but the black colouring is mostly replaced by dark brown and is unglossed, and the wings are heavily barred and rufous.

The rufous-throated partridge is long. The male weighs and the female weighs . The male has a grey forehead. The olive-brown crown and nape have black mottles.

Bocchoris rufiflavalis is a moth of the family Crambidae. It can be found in Madagascar. The head and thorax are rufous mixed with yellow, the abdomen is white with rufous segmental lines. Fore wings are yellow suffused with rufous; an antemedial yellow spot below the cell defined by brown, a small v-shaped brown mark in cell just beyond it with yellow centre, a medial yellow patch from subcostal nervure to vein 1, defined by brown and expanding below the cell; a yellow band beyond the cell from below costa to vein 2, expanding somewhat at the middle, defined on inner side by brown and on outer by the postmedial line which is incurved below costa, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower angle of the cell and sinuous to the inner margin, with series of small yellow spots beyond it; some slight yellow marks on termen; cilia chequered yellow and rufous.

A perched female rufous hummingbird Western rufous hummingbirds migrate through the Rocky Mountains and nearby lowlands during May to September to take advantage of the wildflower season. They may stay in one local region for the entire summer, in which case the migrants, like breeding birds, often aggressively take over and defend feeding locations. Most winter in wooded areas in the Mexican state of Guerrero, traveling over by an overland route from its nearest summer home – a prodigious journey for a bird weighing only 3 to 4 g. Most rufous hummingbirds that migrate to the southeast of the United States and Caribbean Islands are juvenile birds and adult females, with adult males seldom seen.

Hovering male rufous hummingbird Digital imaging velocimetry was used to capture rufous hummingbird wing movements on film, enabling determination that the bird supports its body weight during hovering primarily by wing downstrokes (75% of lift) rather than by upstrokes (25% of lift). When hovering during fasting, rufous hummingbirds oxidize fatty acids to support metabolism and food energy requirements, but can rapidly switch to carbohydrate metabolism (within 40 minutes) after feeding on flower nectar. Rocky Mountain Beeplant in Wyoming, USA Both male and female S. rufus are territorial; however, they defend different types of territories. The more aggressive males fight to defend areas with dense flowers, pushing females into areas with more sparsely populated flowers.

Head and thorax rufous; palpi crimson at base, black at tips; lower part of frons black; antennae black; a crimson bar behind the eyes; fore coxae and the femora above crimson, the tibiae and tarsi black above; abdomen crimson, the ventral surface rufous, dorsal and lateral series of small black spots except at base and extremity. Forewing rufous; a small antemedial black spot above vein l; an oblique series of black points from below apex to inner margin beyond middle, almost obsolete from below vein 6 to above 2; slight subterminal black points between veins 5 and 3. Hindwing crimson; a minute discoidal black point; cilia pale at tips. Underside of forewing crimson.

Dark morph vulpinus tend to be found in the east and southeast of the subspecies range and are easily outnumbered by rufous morph while largely using similar migration points. Dark morph individuals vary from grey-brown to much darker blackish-brown, and have a tail that is dark grey or somewhat mixed grey and rufous, is distinctly marked with dark barring and has a broad, black subterminal band. Dark morph vulpinus have a head and underside that is mostly uniform dark, from dark brown to blackish-brown to almost pure black. Rufous morph juveniles are often distinctly paler in ground colour (ranging even to creamy-grey) than adults with distinct barring below actually increased in pale morph type juvenile.

They are pale cream or greenish in colour, and lightly speckled with rufous. Parasitism by the black cuckoo has been recorded. Moult occurs upon completion of the breeding period.

The body whorl is obtusely angular. The base of the shell is concentrically grooved. The umbilical region is impressed and bounded by a rufous callus. The aperture is subquadrate.

The first birds were released in 2015, in the Iberá Provincial Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Provincial Iberá) in north-eastern province of Corrientes Rufous Hornero, bird symbol of this organization.

Additionally, T.c. cavernicola has a rufous rump. The females are similar to males and are duller, lacking any white shoulder patches or white borders on underparts. The female T.c.

The swamp grass babbler or swamp prinia (Laticilla cinerascens) is a small bird of the Indian subcontinent. Some authorities consider it a subspecies of the rufous-vented grass babbler.

The rufous wren is found in montane areas of northern Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and southwestern Venezuela at altitudes usually between . It occurs in dense undergrowth in tropical moist forests.

The crag chilia weighs from and is in length. O. m. melanurus is dark brown above with a rufous rump and flanks, grayish breast, and brown belly. O. m.

Females are short-tailed with rufous wings and a black head. Indian paradise flycatchers feed on insects, which they capture in the air often below a densely canopied tree.

Formerly, some authorities considered Friedmann's lark to be a subspecies of the singing bush lark. Alternate names for the species include Friedmann's bush lark, rufous lark and Sagon lark.

The longest lifespan recorded for a rufous-crowned sparrow is three years, two months. Two species of tick, Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes pacificus, are known to parasitize the sparrow.

The underparts of the female bar-tailed cuckoo-dove are rufous-buff but the feathers are not bifurcated and the breast lacks the black speckling of Mackinlay's cuckoo- dove.

16 cm (6 in), it is noticeably larger and overall bright cinnamon-rufous with a white throat. It is generally inconspicuous, typically foraging amongst foliage rather than on trunks.

The adult rufous-headed woodpecker is about in length. The sexes differ in their facial colouring, with the male having a broad crimson patch on the cheeks which the female lacks. The back of the head in both sexes bears a shaggy crest, and the head, crest and throat are a rich chocolate brown or rufous brown. The nape has shaggy, mustard- coloured feathers, and the mantle and back are black with yellow barring.

Apart from open grasslands and open arid areas, there are not many major types of landscape in the Australo-Pauan region that cannot be inhabited by at least one subspecies of the rufous fantail. Rufous fantails will generally occupy the lower levels of their habitat, the understorey or the subcanopy, straying no further than 6m from the ground. Different subspecies may tend to prefer slightly different habitats which can be sometimes discrete or overlapping.

The Anjouan scops owl occurs in grey and rufous colour phases and has very small ear tufts compared to other scops owls. The grey form is sooty grey with fine buff bars on the head and neck, a dark brown face with fine streaks and brown underparts with very fine brown streaks and vermiculations. The tail and flight feathers are sooty grey. The rufous form is browner and the marking contrast more with the plumage.

Emu-wrens exhibit sexual dimorphism, the males have brownish plumage with rufous crowns of varying intensity, and a sky blue throat and upper chest. The females lack the blue coloration and are predominantly reddish brown above and paler below. Their most distinctive feature is their long tails, composed of six filamentous feathers, the central two longer again. The tail is double the body length in the case of the southern and rufous-crowned species.

The crown feathers were mainly rufous with a gray base and front, and the face had rufous speckles among predominantly black head feathers. The forewing and hindwing feathers were white with black tips. The coverts (shorter feathers covering the bases of the long wing feathers) were gray, contrasting the mainly white main wings. The larger coverts of the wing were also white with gray or black tips, forming rows of darker dots along mid-wing.

According to the , the population was 828. The town is bordered by Pontevedra (north), González Catán (east), Marcos Paz (southwest) and Virrey del Pino (southeast). Alejo Castex is the only paved street and it is lined with tall trees and weekend-houses; only can be heard the bird songs of thousands of rufous-bellied thrushes, chalk-browed mockingbirds, rufous horneros and the far-away roar of tractors working on the farms. Alejo Castex street.

A singing male above and a juvenile below An adult thrush nightingale is about long with a wingspan of approximately . The head, nape and the whole of the upper parts of the thrush nightingale are dark brown with a slight olive tinge. The colour is much deeper than that of the nightingale and is not at all rufous. The upper tail-coverts are less olivaceous and the tail feathers are dark rufous-brown.

Prevost's ground sparrow is on average 15 cm long and weighs 28 g. The adult has a stubby dark-grey bill, unstreaked olive-brown upperparts, a rufous crown and mainly white underparts. Young birds are browner above, have yellower underparts, and a duller indistinct head pattern. It has a simple head pattern in which the rufous of the crown extends down the sides of the neck as a half collar behind the white face.

A detail of an illustration by Henrik Grönvold, showing a male Shelley's sparrow Shelley's sparrow (Passer shelleyi), also known as Shelley's rufous sparrow or the White Nile rufous sparrow, is a sparrow found in eastern Africa from South Sudan, southern Ethiopia, and north-western Somalia to northern Uganda and north-western Kenya. Formerly, it was considered as a subspecies of the Kenya sparrow. This species is named after English geologist and ornithologist George Ernest Shelley.

The blue-eared kingfisher (Alcedo meninting) is found in Asia, ranging across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is found mainly in dense shaded forests where it hunts in small streams. It is darker crowned, with darker rufous underparts and lacking the rufous ear stripe of the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) which is found in more open habitats. A number of subspecies have been described that differ in measurement and colour shade.

Shaded forest streams are the usual habitat. A. m. phillipsi This long kingfisher is almost identical to the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) but is distinguished by the blue ear coverts, darker and more intense cobalt-blue upperparts with richer rufous under parts. The juvenile blue-eared kingfisher has rufous ear-coverts as in the common kingfisher but it usually shows some mottling on the throat and upper breast which disappears when the bird reaches adulthood.

Adults are similar to Apona cashmirensis, but are darker red-brown. The medial line on the forewings is curved below the costa, and there are faint traces of waved lines. The postmedial line is whitish inwardly and rufous outwardly and the outer area is darker, without a waved line, the veins crossing it rufous. The hindwings have almost obsolete waved and postmedial lines and the outer area is dark, without a waved line.

The plain antvireo is in length and weighs . The adult male of the nominate race has a slate grey head and upperparts, blackish cheeks, three narrow white wing bars, pale grey underparts and a white belly. The female has olive brown upperparts, a rufous crown, a white eye-ring, yellowish-buff underparts and weakly buff-barred rufous wings. A white (male) or buff (female) shoulder stripe is only visible when the wing is spread.

The black-faced antthrush is similar in general appearance to a rail, with a dumpy body, horizontal carriage, stout bill and short cocked tail. It walks rather than hops, with a jerky motion again reminiscent of a rail. It is typically long, and weighs . The upper parts are rufous brown, and the underparts are paler brown, except for the black face and throat, and rufous under the tail and behind the eye.

Bristlebirds are long-tailed, sedentary, ground-frequenting birds. They vary in length from about 17 cm to 27 cm, with the Eastern Bristlebird the smallest, and the Rufous Bristlebird the largest, species. Their colouring is mainly grey with various shades of brown, ranging from olive-brown through chestnut and rufous, on the plumage of the upperparts. The grey plumage of the underparts or the mantle is marked by pale dappling or scalloping.

The yellow-billed shrike is with a long, graduating tail and short wings. The adult has mottled brown upperparts and streaked buff underparts. It has a brown eye mask and a rufous wing patch, and the bill is yellow. Sexes are largely similar, but females have maroon patches on the flanks, while males have rufous parches; these patches are only visible when the bird is in flight, displaying, engaging in territorial disputes, or preening.

Three Chamaeza Antthrushes in eastern Brazil (Formicariidae). Condor 94:110-116 Long included as a subspecies of the rufous-tailed antthrush, it was only recognized as a separate species in 1992. It takes its name from ornithologist Paul A. Schwartz, who was the first to realize how strikingly different its song sounds compared to that of the rufous-tailed antthrush. The song of Schwartz's antthrush is closer to that of the cryptic antthrush.

The family occupies a range of habitats. Two species, the rufous- naped bellbird and the piping bellbird, are endemic to New Guinea, whilst the crested bellbird is endemic to Australia. The two New Guinean species are found in rainforest; lowland and hill forest in the piping bellbird, or montane forest and secondary forest in the case of the rufous-naped bellbird. The crested bellbird occupies drier habitats in Australia including dry woodlands and scrublands.

The underside of the wing is pale rufous-buff, sometimes with some dark spotting on the underwing coverts. The tips of the primary remiges are barred with pale grey below, their bases are quite rufous. The iris is dark brown, the bill is black with a pale yellow cere; the feet are also pale yellow. Immature birds differ little from adults; they have lighter margins to the back feathers, producing a scalloped effect.

The spotted towhee (Pipilo maculatus) is a large New World sparrow. The taxonomy of the towhees has been debated in recent decades, and until 1995 this bird and the eastern towhee were considered a single species, the rufous- sided towhee. Literature before 1995 referred to the spotted towhee as a rufous-sided towhee that resides in the western United States. An archaic name for the spotted towhee is the Oregon towhee (Pipilo maculatus oregonus).

The forewings are white with a blackish and rufous basal patch in and beyond the end of the cell. There is a fuscous and rufous postmedial line and a triangular black mark on the termen. The hindwings are semihyaline white with a patch of black scales near the tornus.Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 14 (81): 186 Adults have been recorded on wing from January to March, in May, July and September.

The bar-tailed lark is similar to the desert lark in appearance, but at , is slightly smaller, with a smaller, more domed head, a smaller beak, thinner legs and a shorter tail. The upper parts are sandy-buff washed with grey, while the underparts are whitish with little if any streaking, and the breast and flanks washed with buff. The rufous wings have dark trailing edges and the rufous tail has a terminal black band.

The rufous owl is a skilled and powerful hunter, capable of capturing a wide variety of prey. Their diet is extremely diverse, ranging from birds and insects to small mammals such as flying foxes. Mammal prey sizes have been recorded from small rodents of 5 to 15 grams to larger arboreal marsupials such as the Northern brushtail possum (1100 to 2000 grams). Typically, the rufous owl will hunt the juveniles of these larger prey species.

The rufous-chested plover or rufous-chested dotterel (Charadrius modestus) is a monotypic species of bird measuring 19-22 centimeters in length and weighing between 71 and 94 grams It is part of the family Charadriidae. It breeds in southern parts of Argentina and Chile and on the Falkland Islands. Some birds migrate north in winter, reaching as far as Uruguay, southern Brazil and occasionally Peru. Its natural habitats are temperate grassland and sandy shores.

They have a faint line over the eye and a short thin bill. The face pattern and rufous breast are the best distinctions from the similarly-sized house wren. The rufous-breasted wren's song is a musical whistle of six to ten notes, too-see-HEEear-too-see, too- see-HEEear-too-see . The contact call is a sharp cheep, given as these skulking birds forage in vegetation for insects and centipedes.

The head is more grey with a rufous crest and bare reddish facial skin. The males and females are very similar but the male is dark brown overall while the female has more grey on the underparts. Young birds have a fully feathered face and hatchlings are small quail-like with rufous barring on the wings and back. The nominate subspecies is paler than abbotti from the islands south of the Sombrero Channel.

Forewings with an oblique antemedial line and a small annulus at end of cell. An oblique postmedial line highly angled below apex, where it encloses a greyish lunule, running to middle of inner margin of hindwing but obsolete on costal area of hindwing, which is paler. The area between the lines of forewing often pale towards costa. Ventral side is rufous or orange yellow, often with an outer area of forewing rufous.

The Rufous crested coquette is a bird in the family Trochilidae, which includes all extant species of hummingbirds. It is a member of the genus Lophornis, which was identified first by the French naturalist and surgeon René Lesson in 1829, and includes a number of extremely small hummingbirds distributed across central and south America. the Rufous-Crested Coquette was identified by Lesson in 1839, and is thought to be closely related to the Tufted Coquette.

Predation on bats is uncommon however large birds are known to prey upon bats.Camargo, P. H. S. A., & Laps, R. R., (2016). Predation on Lesser Bulldog Bat (Noctilio albiventris Noctilionidae) by Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major Dendrocolaptidae) The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128(4),903–912 One distinct bird preys on the lesser bulldog bat is The Great Rufous Woodcreeper. The woodcreeper will invade the bats roost and take the bat from its habitat.

The rufous songlark is medium brown passerine songbird with a pattern of streaks on its feathers. Encyclopædia Britannica describes this bird as "drab and vaguely larklike". It has a dark line through its eye, a pale eyebrow and pale underparts, and a rufous upper tail and rump. A little larger than a house sparrow, the male grows to about 19 cm in length and is larger than the female who reaches only about 16 cm.

18.5–19 cm in length. Chestnut-brown above with narrow white eye-ring and short pale grayish superciliary. Very long chestnut-rufous tail. Uniform gray below with whitish chin patch.

Among the species of animals are jaguars, short-horned Baronia butterfly, beaded lizard, military macaw, rufous-backed robin, Balsas screech owl, Pileated flycatcher, mountain lion, ocelot, margay, bobcat, and jaguarundi.

Forewings of male with non-distorted inner area. It is a pale pinkish-rufous colored moth. Frons pale with pink above it. Each wing with traces of antemedial specks series.

The one exception, the rufous-throated dipper, is classified as vulnerable because of its small, fragmented and declining population which is threatened, especially in Argentina, by changes in river management.

Hindwings with vein 3 from near angle of cell. Veins 4 and 5 and veins 6 and 7 are stalked. Male pure white. Palpi, sides of frons, and forelegs rufous.

The 44 threatened and declining bird species of the grasslands include the Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), lesser florican (Sypheotides indica), sarus crane (Grus antigone) and rufous-rumped grassbird (Graminicola bengalensis).

The tail is grey coloured. It has six to seven narrow black bars and a broad subterminal bar. All feathers have white tips. In addition there is a rufous phase.

The juvenile bird has a brown head and rufous-brown marks on its back. Its throat is pale, its breast is pale orange- buff, and its belly is pale orange.

Rufous-capped Antthrush (Formicarius colma). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona..

The spiral riblets are rufous or pinkish brown. The spire is conoidal with an acute apex. The sides are slightly convex. The small protoconch is conic with about 2 whorls.

The rufous-backed antvireo (Dysithamnus xanthopterus) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-throated honeyeater (Conopophila rufogularis) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is endemic to northern Australia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Larva apple green; paired dorsal and lateral yellow spinous tubercles on each somite except the last; dorsal yellow hairs; lateral and ventral black hairs; the pad to anal claspers rufous.

The rufous babbler was formerly placed in the genus Turdoides but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Argya.

The grasshopper buzzard forms a superspecies with the white-eyed buzzard (Butastur teesa), rufous-winged buzzard (Butastur liventer), and grey-faced buzzard (Butastur indicus) all of which occur in Asia.

The rufous owl is a generalist nocturnal predator and generally solitary. It is seldom aggressive to humans except in situations in which it feels its nest or offspring are threatened.

During the breeding season, adult rufous-winged sparrows feed on a variety of insects, caught on the wing or gleaned off plant surfaces. At other times, the bird eats seeds.

The rainforests contain important populations of the endangered rufous scrub-bird, and the vulnerable Albert's lyrebird, both of which are confined to South-east Queensland and North-east New South Wales.

The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat is a social animal, forming colonies of a few individuals up to several hundred. During the reproductive season, the sexes segregate, with females forming maternity colonies.

The star-throated antwren is in length and weighs . The male has rufous-brown upperparts, tail and . The forehead is greyish. The wing- coverts are black-brown with two buff bars.

The rufous-bellied antwren was described and illustrated by the French ornithologist Louis Vieillot in 1824 and given the binomial name Myrmothera guttata. The current genus Isleria was introduced in 2012.

The rufous-backed fantail (Rhipidura rufidorsa) is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Its wingspan is about 36 mm. The markings are rufous. The thorax and abdomen are more heavily marked. Forewings with a medial band of regular width, and angled on median nervure.

They are distinctive both in their calls as well as plumage with a white eyebrowed appearance and the rufous upperparts with regular dark bands and the whitish underside with fine striations.

Eupithecia pimpinellata has elongated wings. The forewing ground colour is ash-grey suffused rufous. The discal spot is large and elongated. Several crosslines, the median with a row of dark spots.

The insect-lipped rufous greenhood grows in woodland and shrubland, sometimes on granite outcrops between Karroun Hill, Ravensthorpe and Norseman in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.

The base of the shell is almost flat with the umbilicus absent. The base is sculptured with rufous-articulated cinguli. The aperture is subquadrate. The columella is straight, and subtruncated anteriorly.

The rufous scrubbird (Atrichornis rufescens) is a bird species in the family Atrichornithidae. It is endemic to Australia. Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate A. r. rufescens, and A. r. ferrieri.

The uppertail-coverts are similar in colour, and contrast with the pinkish-rufous tail-feathers. The bill is bright red, the iris is medium brown, and the legs are pinkish-red.

The name combines the Ancient Greek words takhus "fast" and phōneō "to speak". The specific rufus is Latin for "red", "ruddy" or "rufous". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

It is a larger version of the rufous-naped lark, with a more robust bill and longer tail, but their morphological and vocal features do not intergrade where they occur together.

International Year Zoobook 20: 6-17. The egg is pea green with cinnamon rufous stains and chesnut-brown marks. It typically weighs about 50g and measures 56-58 x 40-41mm.

Females are duller than males and have a grayish belly, and less rufous wings. This species is very similar to steely-vented hummingbirds (Saucerottia saucerrottei) and to berylline hummingbirds (Saucerottia beryllina).

The russet-naped wood rail or rufous-naped wood rail (Aramides albiventris) is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It lives primarily in forests and mangroves of Central America.

The female is ochreous with a rufous-brown tint, whereas the male is paler. Basal area of the forewing is much darker. Antemedial obtusely angled. A pale, subcostally angled postmedial visible.

The tawny grassbird (M. timoriensis) is slightly larger and less rufous. The striated fieldwren (Calamanthus fulignosus) is quite similar, which is differing due to its yellow underparts, and distinctive white eyebrows.

Forewing grey brown or leaden grey, often with a reddish tinge; inner and outer lines double, conversely lunulate-dentate, but rarely visible; a thick darkmedian shade; stigmata grey, with pinkish annuli edged with rufous, the lower half of reniform black; submarginal line nearly straight but angled on vein 7, pale with rufous inward edging; hindwing dark grey, with cellspot and submarginal cloud showing darker; the reddish examples in which the grey tints have entirely given place to rufous, form the ab. rufa Tutt ; in rare cases the grey is darkened into black; this is ab. suffusa Tutt from Ireland; an equally rare form from England, in which the ground colour is whitish grey is pallida Tutt; in a form from Amasia, ab. subdita ab.nov.

During winter months in southern Louisiana, black-chinned, buff-bellied, calliope, Allen's, Anna's, ruby-throated, rufous, broad-tailed, and broad-billed hummingbirds are present. The rufous hummingbird breeds farther north than any other species of hummingbird, often breeding in large numbers in temperate North America and wintering in increasing numbers along the coasts of the subtropical Gulf of Mexico and Florida, rather than in western or central Mexico. By migrating in spring as far north as the Yukon or southern Alaska, the rufous hummingbird migrates more extensively and nests farther north than any other hummingbird species, and must tolerate occasional temperatures below freezing in its breeding territory. This cold hardiness enables it to survive temperatures below freezing, provided that adequate shelter and food are available.

The vent and tail-tip are rufous. The bill is black with yellow to the upper mandible (amount depends on the exact subspecies) and, in all except the nominate (prasinus) and wagleri groups (see Taxonomy), a white band at the base of the bill. The members of the caeruleogularis group have a rufous patch near the base of the upper mandible, while some members of the albivitta group have a rufous patch near the base of the lower mandible. The throat is white in the nominate and the wagleri group, blue in the caeruleogularis and cognatus group, pale grey-blue in the lautus group, blue or black in the atrogularis group, and white or grey-blue in the albivitta group.

Forewing luteous (muddy yellow) with a slight brownish tinge; the inner and outer lines indistinct, marked by black vein dots, and black costal spots; subterminal line interrupted, formed by whitish striae with rufous dentate marks internally; the termen with black striae; the orbicular a rufous dot; the reniform a rufous lunule with whitish clots round it; hindwing pure white in the male with some blackish striae along termen, dirty whitish in the female. Larva greyish brown, with whitish dorsal and dark subdorsal and lateral lines; the head and thoracic plate dark brown. Warren. W. in Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914 The wingspan is about 30 mm.

Rufous-bellied kookaburras are smaller than other kookaburra species at around as against the laughing kookaburra's and about as against the laughing kookaburra's . Despite this major size difference, the rufous-bellied kookaburra has been known to form (infertile) hybrids with all other kookaburra species, though available genetic studies suggest it is clearly the most distant of the four. This kookaburra is unusual in that it occupies dense rainforests (as opposed to the open country preferred by other kookaburras) and does not live in cooperative breeding family groups but singly or when breeding in pairs. Rufous-bellied kookaburras can be found in the middle story of the tropical rainforest, where they fly out directly and swiftly from their perch to seize large insects from trees.

Rings on the trunk of Rhododendron arboreum in the central Himalayas in response to years of tapping by rufous-bellied woodpeckers. Rufous-bellied woodpecker @ Pangoot, Uttrakhand It has a tongue that has a brushy tip that allows it to feed on sap. Sap is predominantly sought in the spring season while wood-boring and bark insects are taken at most other times. The same trees may be used for the extraction of sap from year to year.

The rufous-winged antshrike (Thamnophilus torquatus) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay; the northwestern half of its range is much of the southeast Amazon Basin. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, dry savanna, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. The rufous-winged antshrike was described by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1825 and given its current binomial name Thamnophilus torquatus.

In worn individuals the bodily feathers of pale morph tawny eagles can appear almost whitish. Dark morph juvenile tawny eagles are generally light rufous to rufous brown with creamier lower back to upper tail coverts. Juveniles show thinly pale-tipped dark brown greater coverts and remiges while the tail is barred grey and brown usually with a narrow creamy tip. Dark morph juveniles may fade to pale buff or creamy often before molting into browner plumage.

To avoid this confusion, P. ferrugineigula is now generally called the orange-breasted thornbird. Unlike that species, the orange-eyed thornbird has conspicuously bright orange eyes, far less rufous below and on the crown (essentially restricted to the throat and frontlet), and the entire tail rufous. The two also have different voices and are locally sympatric in São Paulo without evidence of interbreeding.Simon, J. E., Pacheco, J. F., Whitney, B. M., Mattos, G. T., & Gagliardi, R. L. (2008).

The rufous-winged antwren (Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus) is an insectivorous bird in the antbird family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. The rufous-winged antwren was described by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1822 and given the binomial name Myiothera rufimarginatus.

Both wings with rufous outer area irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous, with a waved postmedial grey line enclosing some conjoined sub-marginal green patches below the apex of each wing and near the inner margin of the hindwings. There is a green area sending a prominent tooth in to the rufous area at vein 5 and below vein 2 of each wing. The ocellus is reduced to a pale line across the tail. Ventral side with purplish fuscous markings.

Hypolimnas pandarus can reach a wingspan of about . In males, the forewings are dark brown, usually with a few white, yellow or blue spots, depending on the subspecies, while the female has a band across the upper wings either creamy white or pale rufous. The posterior margin of the hindwings is deeply scalloped and shows a broad rufous-orange band, with several brown or black oval spots. In some subspecies is also present a pink purple patch.

Iris and the lower bill are yellow. Juveniles and non- breeding adults are duller, lack the ornamental plumes, and in the case of the former have rufous stripes on the sides of the head and more white on the neck, so that the rufous breast does not show in swimming birds. It is entirely flightless, but will use wing-assisted running over considerable distances. It is an excellent diver, reaching a burst speed of 3.5 km/h (2 knots).

The forewings are pale whitish gray, the antemedian area suffused with rufous below the median nervure and limited by the outer line of the blackish antemedian line, which is minutely dentate above the median nervure. The orbicular is small but conspicuous and ringed with blackish grey. The reniform is ill-defined and black with whitish scales. The postmedian area is diffused with pale rufous and defined on the outside by a serrate blackish line beyond the postmedian line.

Occasionally, the barring to the lower belly and flanks may appear duskier. The white morph has bluish-grey upperparts (similar to sharp-shinned hawk), but its underparts are all white except for its rufous thighs. The rare dark morph, the only morph which sometimes lacks rufous thighs, is entirely sooty (occasionally with slight white barring to belly and faint grey bands in tail). The underparts of the females average paler than males of the same morph.

The rufous-thighed hawk (Accipiter erythronemius) is a small hawk found from southeastern Bolivia and southern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina. It is usually considered a subspecies of the sharp-shinned hawk by most taxonomists, including the American Ornithological Society, but the taxonomy is far from resolved, with some authorities considering the southern taxa to represent three separate species: white-breasted hawk (A. chionogaster), plain-breasted hawk (A. ventralis), and rufous-thighed hawk (A. erythronemius).

The rufous motmot (Baryphthengus martii) is a near-passerine bird which is a resident breeder in rain forests from northeastern Honduras south to western Ecuador, northeastern Bolivia, and southwestern Brazil. This large motmot is long and weighs . It is mainly cinnamon-rufous, with a black face mask and central breast spot, green wings and sides, a greenish-blue lower belly, and dark blue tail and flight feathers. The tail is very long and has a bare- shafted racket tip.

Himalayan marmots near Pangong Tso, Ladakh The Himalayan marmot has a dense woolly fur that is rufous grey on the back and rufous yellowish on ears, belly and limbs. The bridge of its nose and end of tail is dark brown. It is one of the largest marmots in the world, being about the size of a large housecat. Average body mass ranges from , with weights lowest post-hibernation in spring and highest prior to it in autumn.

The female has a greyish crown, brownish back, dark mask, slight white supercilium and a narrow rufous stripe on the wing. Below it has a rufous chin-spot and breast with whitish tips to some of the feathers. The forest batis has a slightly shorter tail. Males of the two species are very similar but forest batises have a narrower breastband and usually some hint of a white supercilium which is lacking in the male dark batis.

The crissum (the undertail coverts surrounding the cloaca) and central belly are whitish, and the chest is grey often tinged brown. The members of the nominate group have conspicuous rufous flanks, and the bill is yellow with a dusky culmen. The flanks are paler and more tawny in the subspecies crotopezus, which also has the entire upper mandible dusky. The members of the phaeopygos group lack contrasting rufous or tawny flanks, and have bills that are almost entirely dusky.

The little grebe is a small water bird with a pointed bill. The adult is unmistakable in summer, predominantly dark above with its rich, rufous colour neck, cheeks and flanks, and bright yellow gape. The rufous is replaced by a dirty brownish grey in non-breeding and juvenile birds. Juvenile birds have a yellow bill with a small black tip, and black and white streaks on the cheeks and sides of the neck as seen below.

In adult males the upperparts including head and neck are grey-brown and have large spots on wing-coverts. In adult females the light-rufous morph is similar to the adult male however with the dark rufous morph the hind neck patch extends onto mantle and it has barring on the chest. A distinguishing feature of the family Cuculidae are the feet, which are zygodactyl, meaning that the two inner toes point forward and the two outer point backward.

The rufous-cheeked tanager (Tangara rufigenis) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, the tanagers. It is endemic to Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-sided honeyeater (Ptiloprora erythropleura) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is endemic to West Papua, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-backed honeyeater (Ptiloprora guisei) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-tailed fantail (Rhipidura phoenicura) is a species of bird in the family Rhipiduridae. It is endemic to Java in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The servaline genet's fur is rufous with black spots on neck, back and sides. Its feet are black. Its long tail is banded with wide black and narrow white rings.Pucheran, J. (1855).

Defence as parental care in tawny owls (Strix aluco). Behaviour, 102(3-4), 213-230. Rufous morph females were more vigorous in nest defense than other morphs in a study from Switzerland.

At about in length, it is a medium-sized hornbill, dark brown above and red-brown below. The male has brighter rufous cheeks and throat. Juveniles of both sexes resemble adult males.

The wingspan of the female is 36 mm and male is 35–42 mm. Palpi reddish brown and porrect (extending forward). Head, thorax and abdomen bright canary yellow. Vertex of thorax rufous.

The underwing is also rufous. The bill of the male is straight and very slender. It is very dark red in coloration, almost black. The female is less colorful than the male.

The rufous treecreeper (Climacteris rufus) is a species of bird in the family Climacteridae. It is endemic to Australia. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Xanthotype rufaria, the rufous geometer moth, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Xanthotype rufaria is 6742.

The park has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports populations of rufous bristlebirds, striated fieldwrens and pink robins, as well as numerous other species.

The chest and flanks are rufous. The belly, rump, and tail are black. The legs are coral-red, while the bill is a bright greenish-yellow. The males and females are similar.

The rufous-throated sapphire (Hylocharis sapphirina) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found at forest edge, savanna- like habitats and plantations in northern and central South America.

The rufous-vented whitetip (Urosticte ruficrissa) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

The rufous-capped lark (Calandrella eremica) is a small passerine bird of the lark family found in southwestern Arabia and northern Somalia. It was considered to be a subspecies of Blanford's lark.

Each year the rufous songlark spends colder months in the north and migrates south in the summer to breed, and in this way it typically is only seen in the warmer months.

At one time, the rufous-tailed hawk (Buteo ventralis), distributed in Patagonia and some other areas of southern South America, was considered part of the red-tailed hawk species. With a massive distributional gap consisting of the majority of South America, the rufous-tailed hawk is considered a separate species now but the two hawks still compromise a "species pair" or superspecies, as they are clearly closely related. The rufous-tailed hawk, while comparatively little studied, is very similar to the red-tailed hawk, being about the same size in body mass and possessing the same wing structure, and having more or less parallel nesting and hunting habits. Physically, however, rufous-tailed hawk adults do not attain a bright brick-red tail as do red-tailed hawks, instead retaining a dark brownish- cinnamon tail with many blackish crossbars similar to juvenile red-tailed hawks. Another, more well-known, close relative to the red-tailed hawk is the common buzzard (Buteo buteo), which has been considered as its Eurasian “broad ecological counterpart” and may too be within a species complex with red- tailed hawk.

The rufous paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone cinnamomea) is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is found in Indonesia and the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

It has dusky colored wings and tail with two rufous tail bars. It is mostly found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. It feeds in separated pairs hunting near the ground in foliage.

The rufous-eared warbler is predominantly insectivorous, feeding on shield bugs, plant hoppers, beetles, termites, ants, moths and spiders.Lloyd P. 2004. Variation in nest predation among arid-zone birds. Ostrich 75: 228-235.

Grey-crowned prinia is 11 cm long and weight 6–8·5 g. A small, neatly proportioned and relatively short- tailed prinia with small and slim bill. In fresh plumage has rufous forehead.

It has a variety of birds as well including the green ibis, green-and-rufous kingfisher and keel-billed toucan. Marine mammals are also present including orcas.ANNIE. 2012. Orca Whales. Costa Rica Scuba.com.

The rufous spinetail (Synallaxis unirufa) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The slender rufous greenhood is usually found growing in shallow soil on granite outcrops between Goomalling and Queen Victoria Rocks south of Coolgardie in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Mallee and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.

Their noses are short and blunt, which is an unusual characteristic among potorines and is usually associated with species such as the rufous bettong (aepyprymnus rufescens) and the desert rat-kangaroo (caloprymnus campestris).

Fauna recorded from the Pilliga Nature Reserve include at least 40 native and nine introduced mammals, 50 reptiles and at least 15 frogs. Squirrel gliders, koalas, rufous bettongs and Pilliga mice are present.

The underwing coverts are rufous. The white tip to the tail is narrower than in the white-tipped dove. The bill is black, the legs red and the iris is yellow. L. r.

In Dehradun, India. The rufous-chinned laughingthrush (Ianthocincla rufogularis) is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. It ranges across the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent and some parts of Southeast Asia.

Its wingspan is about 72 mm. A pale rufous moth. Forewings with short sub- basal and oblique antemedial medial dark lines on pale reddish bands. Renifrom large with a dark line in it.

Later, some authorities considered the rufous-rumped lark to be a species within the genera Certhilauda and Mirafra. Alternate common names include red-rumped lark, red-tailed bush lark and red- tailed lark.

The rufous-necked puffbird (Malacoptila rufa) is a species of puffbird in the family Bucconidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical and tropical moist lowland forests.

The rufous-capped nunlet (Nonnula ruficapilla) is a species of puffbird in the family Bucconidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical and tropical moist lowland forests.

They have consistently rufous outer wings and a short erectile crest, but the remaining plumage hues and markings are individually and geographically variable. It has a straight lower, and longish, curved upper mandible.

The rufous-throated bronze cuckoo (Chrysococcyx ruficollis) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in the highlands of New Guinea. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forests.

As a consequence, recent authorities commonly treat the scaled ground cuckoo as a subspecies of the rufous-vented ground cuckoo.Erritzøe, Mann, Brammer and Fuller (2012). Cuckoos of the World. Payne and Klitz (2005).

The puna tinamou is approximately in length. Its upper parts are brown spotted with white, and its breast is blue-grey, and its belly is rufous. Its head is white with black streaks.

Mythimna hannemanni is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in Taiwan.Mythimna at funet The length of the forewings is 15.3-16.2 mm. The forewings are brownish yellow, tinged with rufous.

The rufous-breasted sabrewing (Campylopterus hyperythrus) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

A total of 423 bird species has been recorded. The park supports the highest population of Bengal floricans in Nepal. It is the western limit of swamp francolin, Jerdon's bushchat, rufous-rumped grassbird, chestnut-capped babbler and Jerdon's babbler; the north-western limit of yellow-eyed babbler; the eastern limit of Finn's weaver and the most important regular wintering site of Hodgson's bushchat. Forest birds include spot-bellied eagle owl, dusky eagle owl, rufous-bellied eagle and Oriental pied hornbill.

They are a mixture of rufous, chestnut, and brown over most of their body. The head is short, and is described as "shaggy", with a pointed crest that has often has black streaks. The wings and upperparts of the bird are also barred in black, although the thickness of the bars depends on which race the individual is from. The primary feathers are blackish with a rufous edge, while the coverts are buff- colored and the underside of the wing is brown.

The breast, flanks and undertail are rufous, and the central belly is white. The adult female is equally striking, with black-and- rufous-banded upperparts, and white underparts with some black bars on the chest and flanks. Young birds are duller than the adult of the same sex, have a brown and orange bill, and dusky barring on the underparts. The call is a long whistled wheeeoo followed by 15 repetitions of chiwiu in 17 seconds, the second syllable gradually fading away.

The rufous-backed stipplethroat was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1857 and given the binomial name Formicivora haematonota. It was formerly placed in the genus Myrmotherula. In 2014, the species name was changed from the nominate subspecies of the rufous-backed stipplethroat when two other former subspecies were reclassified as the Negro stipple-throated antwren and Yasuni antwren, but vocalizations were found to be identical and morphological differences slight (Isler and Whitney 2018), so they were returned to subspecies status.

The male southern boubou is a fairly distinctive 20–22 cm long bird with black upperparts extending from the top of the head down to the tail, a striking white wing stripe, and a relatively long black tail with white outer feathers. The underparts are white shading to rufous on the lower belly, undertail and flanks. The bill, eyes and legs are black. The female is similar to the male, but dark grey above and with a rufous wash to the breast.

The Abyssinian ground thrush is an attractive but rather secretive species. The adults are a deep rufous orange on the head and face with a distinct white eye ring, the orange colour becomes les rufous on the breast and flanks and the upperparts are olive brown except for the orange-brown rump and tail. On the folded wing it shows two prominent white wingbars from the tips to the coverts. Immature birds tend to be paler and duller than the adults.

The line-cheeked spinetail is a mid-sized spinetail, weighing 15–18 g and reaching 14.5 cm long. Like other spinetails in the genus Cranioleuca, it has a long graduated tail and a relatively long bill that curves downward slightly. It has a rufous crown; with a well-defined white supercilium; a pale throat; and some streaking on its ear coverts. It is brown to olive-grey above; with a greyish brown breast and belly; and rufous tail and wings.

The rufous-tailed hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) is a medium-sized hummingbird that breeds from east-central Mexico, through Central America and Colombia, east to western Venezuela and south through western Ecuador to near the border with Peru. The larger Escudo hummingbird from Isla Escudo de Veraguas in Panama is commonly considered a subspecies of the rufous-tailed hummingbird. This is a common to abundant bird of open country, river banks, woodland, scrub, forest edge, coffee plantations and gardens up to .

Currently placed as a species of the genus Conopophila and classified within the honeyeater family Meliphagidae, Conopophila whitei was first described by A. J. North in 1910 as Lacustroica whitei. The population continued to be assigned to a monotypic genus Lacustroica, or as most closely related to two other species, the rufous-banded (Conopophila rufogularis) and rufous-throated (C. albogularis) honeyeaters. The species was found by F. Lawson Whitlock in 1903 at Lake Austin in Western Australia, but no formal description was made.

The head is grey with a strong rufous eyebrow. The crown is often tinged with brown. The upperparts are green, and the yellow throat and breast shade into a white belly. The subspecies ochrocephala from the south-eastern part of its range has a shorter rufous eyebrow and a brown-tinged crown, while the subspecies virenticeps, contrerasi and saturata from north-western Peru and western Ecuador have greenish-yellow (not grey, as in the "typical" subspecies) nape, auriculars and cheeks.

The wingspan is 32–45 mm. Forewing yellowish rufous, the rufous tint predominating in the male, the yellowish in the female; veins more or less tinged with grey; a dark smudge at lower angle of cell; an outer row of dark vein-dots; hindwing grey with a dark paler-edged outer line; a rare form, ab. liturata ab. nov. [Warren] has both lines complete and dentate throughout, the median vein thickly black; - in the Norfolk Fens a very dark form occurs, ab.

M. a. ghansiensis, Namibia The rufous-naped lark (Mirafra africana) or rufous- naped bush lark is a widespread and conspicuous species of lark in the lightly wooded grasslands, open savannas and farmlands of the Afrotropics. Males attract attention to themselves by their bold and repeated wing-fluttering displays from prominent perches, which is accompanied by a melodious and far- carrying whistled phrase. This rudimentary display has been proposed as the precursor to the wing-clapping displays of other bush lark species.

Fraser's eagle-owl is a relatively small species of eagle-owl with has rather "fluffy" ear tufts and a facial disc with a distinct dark rim. The upperparts are rufous and buffy brown, barred with darker bars, the pale scapulars have dark edged outer webs which show as a series of pale dots across the shoulder. The flight and tail feathers have narrow light and dark bars. The underparts are pale rufous shading to whitish on the belly and undertail coverts.

The white-browed coucal is a medium- sized species growing to in length. The sexes are similar, adults having a blackish crown and nape, a white supercilium, rufous-brown back, chestnut wings, blackish rump and black tail, glossed with green, with a white tip. The underparts are creamy-white, the eyes red, the beak black, and the legs and feet greyish-black or black. Juveniles have rufous streaking on the crown, a faint buff supercilium, barred upper parts and darker underparts.

Laticilla is a genus of small passerine birds in the family Pellorneidae. Members of the genus are found in Pakistan, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. A molecular phylogenetic study of the Cisticolidae published in 2013 found that the rufous-vented grass babbler did not lie within the clade containing the other prinias but instead belonged to the Pellorneidae. To create monophyletic genera, the rufous-vented prinia and the closely related swamp grass babbler were placed in the reintroduced genus Laticilla in the Pellorneidae.

The scaled ground cuckoo (Neomorphus squamiger) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is endemic to the Amazon rainforest near the Tapajos River in Brazil, but much confusion exists over the exact limits of its range and the features useful for separating it from the very similar rufous-vented ground cuckoo (the breast-markings of the Amazonian taxa are known to vary clinally). Consequently, it has sometimes been considered a subspecies of the rufous-vented ground cuckoo.

The scaled ground cuckoo is a large ground-dwelling bird with sturdy legs and a long tail. It has a brown head, greenish-brown crest and a curved beak. The upper parts are dark brown, the tail blackish and the underparts pale tan. It has been claimed that it easily can be separated from the rufous-vented ground cuckoo by the lack of a dark chest band, but the variation in this feature in Amazonian rufous-vented ground cuckoos makes the features questionable.

Art from Johann Friedrich Naumann Adult male and female rufous-tailed scrub robin look alike and measure about long with relatively long legs and a large rounded tail. The upper parts are a rich brownish chestnut, with the rump and uppertail coverts rather more rufous. There is a distinct curved, creamy-white broad streak from the nostrils to behind the eye and a dark brown line through the eye. The under-eye area is whitish and the ear coverts pale brown.

Retrieved 23 Jan 2019. The forewings are blackish grey, tinged with rufous and irroratedEntomology, "Marked with minute dots of color: said especially of the wings of lepidopters when numerous single scales differ from the ground color." The Century Dictionary, Vol VI, Page 3191, Irritable to -Is. Retrieved 23 Jan 2019. with black. The basal line is obsolescent and there is double black line which is waved and jet black distally. The space between the double lines is tinged with rufous.

This species is endemic to the Indian Subcontinent. It is distributed patchily from Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh south into peninsular India (but not along the Malabar coast and rare south of Coimbatore) and in Sri Lanka. The species interbreeds with the black francolin along its northern and appears similar to the female of that species but has no rufous hindcollar, instead having a bright rufous face and throat. The underside has white spots while the legs are orange-yellow to red.

Furthermore, all ornate hawk-eagles bear a long erectile crest, which may variously be laid flat against the head, protrude straight up like a spike or sometimes hang at a slight curve. Adults when perched have an obvious black crown, crest and malar stripes (continuing to sides as isolated streaks) sets off by the rufous color on their cheeks, ear- coverts and sides of the neck and chest (sometimes completely covering their upper chests), the rufous shading into a somewhat browner rufous nape. On the upperside, they are barred blackish to dark brown with usually apparent white tips on the mantle and lesser wing coverts. Meanwhile, on the underside, they have a whitish base color which, other than the often plain throat, is boldly overlaid with black barring.

These have been not been well characterised in the rufous fantail.Higgins et al. (HANZAB) p.168 Nevertheless, it has been observed to create several different types of sounds such as chips, buzzes, and scolds.

The collared bush robin is about long. The male and female are different. The male has a slate-black head with a white supercilium. The rufous upper breast, mantle and scapulars form a collar.

Columbian ground squirrel at burrow entrance Two subspecies have been described, which vary in appearance. Compared with U. c. columbianus, the population U. c. ruficaudus has a tail more rufous and less gray above.

The rufous-vented niltava (Niltava sumatrana) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-vented tapaculo (Scytalopus femoralis) is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Peru. Note that the long-tailed tapaculo, (S. micropterus) is now considered a separate species.

The throat is black with white spots. The breast and belly are grey. The female is similar in appearance to the male but has a rufous-brown forehead and larger spots on the throat.

The rufous antpitta (Grallaria rufula) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

The spoon-lipped rufous greenhood grows in woodland and shrubland and on granite outcrops between Mullewa and the Fitzgerald River in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Mallee, Murchison, Swan Coastal Plain and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.

Juveniles have a light gray body without the rufous shoulder patch and yellow head. The base of the short bill is thick by the head, and draws to a sharp point at the tip.

The red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) is a medium-sized ground-living bird from central and eastern South America.Clements, J (2007) Other common names for the species include perdiz grande, rufous tinamou, and ynambu.

The rufous-tailed jacamar (Galbula ruficauda) is a near-passerine bird which breeds in the tropical New World in southern Mexico, Central America and South America as far south as southern Brazil and Ecuador.

There is an indistinct rufous submarginal line highly angled at vein 6, and with a black spot at the angle. A sinuous white submarginal line present. Hindwings with antemedial blackish line. Cell-speck present.

The Bartlett's tinamou is approximately in length. Its upperparts are brown above barred with black, throat and belly are white, remainder of underparts are rufous, flanks are barred black, and its crown is blackish.

The rufous-crested tanager (Creurgops verticalis) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

123 (2):487-499. Overall, the species appears much larger than its counterpart, while possessing a rufous belly, a massive bill and a blue back.Ridgway, R. (1914b). "The birds of North and Middle America".

The dusky lark (Pinarocorys nigricans), also known as the dusky bush lark or rufous-rumped bush lark, is a species of migratory lark in the family Alaudidae. It is native to the southern Afrotropics.

The breeding adult has some brighter rufous mantle feathers to relieve the generally undistinguished appearance. In winter plumage, the general appearance recalls a tiny version of common sandpiper. The call is a loud trill.

The insects attracted to the sap are also consumed, and not only by sapsuckers. Rufous hummingbirds, for example, have been observed to follow the movements of sapsuckers and take advantage of this food source.

The rufous hawk-cuckoo or northern hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx hyperythrus) is a bird in the family Cuculidae formerly thought to be conspecific with Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx fugax) and placed in the genus Cuculus.

The rufous-crowned eremomela (Eremomela badiceps) is a species of bird formerly placed in the "Old World warbler" assemblage, but now placed in the family Cisticolidae. It is found throughout the African tropical rainforest.

Hind tibia usually dilated with a fold and tuft of hair. Males lack secondary sexual patch to hindwings. Forewings with veins 10 and 11 stalked. Male rufous, suffused and striated in parts with black.

The rufous-winged woodpecker (Piculus simplex) is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Juveniles are similar to females but are less rufous and do show faint spots and streaks. Length is 16 cm. The fly low to the ground with a loose flapping flight that resembles a skylark.

The rufous-headed pygmy tyrant (Pseudotriccus ruficeps) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Its wingspan is about 28 mm in the male and 32 mm in the female. Body bright rufous. Head, thorax and abdomen banded with greyish white. Forewings with orange costa, with black patches and strigae.

The throat and belly are white, with the breast orange rufous with faint white streaking. It measures long and weighs . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest.

The fruits reach maturity at the end of summer. The leaves have an opposite arrangement as in all members of Lasiodiscus. The leaf texture is somewhat rough and leathery. Leaf undersides are somewhat rufous toned.

Jenkins (1983) Since cracker butterflies have good camouflage, they are not poisonous and do not have a chemical defense, with the exception of the starry night cracker. They are fed upon by rufous-tailed jacamars.

Adults are dark chocolate brown with an indistinct darker zigzag antemedian line and two darker serpentine zigzag postmedian lines. The hindwings have a rufous tinge, and the abdominal margin has whitish lines on the edge.

The Ovambo people call the fruit of the Makalani palm eendunga and use it to distill ombike, their traditional liquor. African palm swifts and rufous-tailed palm-thrushes regionally depend on this species for breeding.

They are quite upright when standing. They are sexually dimorphic, with various shades of brown, rufous, olive, white, grey and black being the dominating colours. Most Conopophaga species have a white tuft behind the eye.

This species is a resident breeder in a range of dry or moist woodlands and scrub. The two to four rufous-spotted white eggs are laid in a burrow in a bank or termite mound.

Head and tubercle processes black. Dorsal processes bifid, with a central orange patch. Early instars are gregarious, whereas late instars are not. Mature instar larva is grey with paler grey and rufous scribbling all over.

The chowchilla, Orthonyx spaldingii, from north-east Queensland, is much larger than either species of logrunner, and has a jet-black plumage, the throat being white in the male and orange-rufous in the female.

The tail and primary wings are rufous in colour and slightly forked. The underwing is white. The bill of the male is straight and very slender. It is red in colouration with a darker tip.

The female's wing panel is less obvious than the male's. The juveniles are duller and more rufous than the females and are more heavily streaked on both their upperparts and underparts, including their wing coverts.

The rufous-necked laughingthrush was placed in the genus Dryonastes before being moved to Garrulax. Following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved again to the resurrected genus Pterorhinus.

The rufous-bellied nighthawk (Lurocalis rufiventris) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-banded owl (Strix albitarsis) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The brown-headed kingfisher is in length excluding the streamers which are up to . They weigh between 37 and 50 grams. The sexes are alike. The head, mantle and scapulars are a warm rufous-brown.

Trematode parasites, Haplorchis vagabundi, have been found in their intestines. An acanthocephalan parasite Centrorhynchus lancea is also known. A species of quill mite Syringophiloidus dendrocittae is known to live in the feathers of rufous treepies.

Both sexes have a rufous to buff-colored tail, purplish-lead grey legs and feet, and dark brown irises. The call of the pale-billed sicklebill consists of musical whistling and some high pitched notes.

The rufous-throated partridge is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is montane forests, mainly at elevations of . Oak forests containing laurels and rhododendrons are preferred.

Laterallus is a genus of birds in the rail family Rallidae. These small, relatively short-billed terrestrial rails are found among dense vegetation near water in the Neotropics, although a single species, the black rail, also occurs in the United States. The genus was erected by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1855 with the rufous-sided crake (Laterallus melanophaius) as the type species. The genus name is a portmanteau of Rallus lateralis, a synonym of the binomial name for the rufous-sided crake.

The long-tailed shrike is a typical shrike, favouring dry open habitats and found perched prominently atop a bush or on a wire. The dark mask through the eye is broad and covers the forehead in most subspecies and the whole head is black in subspecies tricolor and nasutus. The tail is narrow and graduated with pale rufous on the outer feathers. Subspecies erythronotus has the grey of the mantle and upper back suffused with rufous while the southern Indian caniceps has pure grey.

A very light grey form from western dry region of India named by Walter Koelz as kathiawarensis is also considered merely as a variant. In southern India and Sri Lanka, subspecies caniceps, is marked by the rufous restricted to the rump, light crown and the pure grey on the back. Biswamoy Biswas supported the view that nigriceps (having upper mantle grey and lower mantle rufous) was a hybrid of tricolor and erythronotus. Subspecies longicaudatus has a greyer crown and is found in Thailand and Burma.

Subsequent stages are not as well-known but it appears dark morph subadults gradually manifest a darker brown or rufous brown color on the mantle, as well as on the head and upper breast while maintaining a buffish rear body (i.e. lower back and rump patch). Generally other morphs are similar but not as well-known and are perhaps individually inconsistent. Many are rufous or sandy after a molt but have mottling later on, the extent of pale feathers indicative perhaps of the their ultimate adult morph.

The forewings are rufous with a fine antemedial line which is very oblique from the costa to the median nervure, then very sinuous. There is an elliptical darker rufous spot in the middle of the cell and a discoidal spot. There is also a minutely dentate postmedial line, curved from the costa to vein 3 and then oblique, as well as a terminal band with a dentate inner edge. The hindwings are whitish, suffused with pale brown, especially on the inner and terminal areas.

The rufous-eared warbler is a small passerine bird that gets its name from its distinct rufous-coloured ear- patches. The head and rear of the neck are brown and streaked with dark red while the belly and neck are greyish white, with a variable black breast-band that is absent from adults during winter. The mantle and back are mottled with greyish brown and blackish brown. The eyes are described as reddish hazel, with pinkish legs and a black bill measuring 11–13 mm.

It is long and weighs . Its song is a high-pitched tuh tuh-tuh-tuh-tuh-tuh. Stachyris rufifrons was the scientific name proposed by Allan Octavian Hume in 1873 who described a small babbler from the Pegu Range in Myanmar that was pale brown, had a rufous- coloured head and white lores. Stachyrhidopsis rufifrons ambigua was proposed as a subspecies by Herbert Hasting Harington in 1914 for a rufous-fronted babbler with yellow lores, probably occurring in Sikkim, Bhutan Dooars and northeast India.

There are some grey patches on inner and outer areas. There is an oblique rufous antemedial line and a very oblique rufous line runs from costa before apex to center of inner margin and curved below the costa, where it is joined by a dark streak from the apex. Hindwings orange, with a black spot at lower angle of cell and another above anal angle. The marginal area black from apex to vein 2 and with marginal and cilial white spots, its inner edge waved.

The Rufous-collared sparrow relies entirely on its kidneys for osmoregulation and ionoregulation. It is able to tolerate a wide range of salt intake despite lacking a salt gland, however the metabolic cost in energy is too great to maintain the necessary osmoregulatory processes for an extended period of time. As a result, the Rufous-collared sparrow tends not to inhabit marine environments such as salt marshes. Under conditions of higher salt intake, the mass of the kidney and heart can increase up to 20%.

It differs from the red-fronted gazelle because the former the nose and the stripe on the face is rufous to black instead of sandy to rufous. There are several differences between the two in term of the colourings of various facial features. Another difference is due to the greater backward laying of the horns and greater divergence in the horns of the Mongalla gazelle. Horns of the male Mongalla gazelle are shorter and curved more inwards than those of the male Thomson's gazelle.

The malar area and throat are marked with blackish, ragged and sparse but rather bold stripes which contrast with the rest of their underside which is predominantly barred with rufous over a whitish ground colour. The barring continues, though the white base colour narrows and the rufous becomes a somewhat browner hue, down to the crissum and the legs. In some cases, the colour about the legs has appeared variously chestnut or even blackish. The underside of the tail is boldly banded with blackish and grey.

S. favicolor Bart. Forewing pale olive brown ; veins concolorous, slightly defined by brown ; the intervals at termen with brown streaks; a small black dot at lower end of cell; an outer row of black dots on veins, sometimes reduced to two only, on veins 2 and 5 ; hindwing fuscous whitish ; - ab. lutea Tutt is paler and yellowish; — in ab. rufa Tutt the head, thorax, and forewings are bright rufous; abdomen and hindwing tinged with rufous; — argillacea Tutt has the forewing greyish luteous, the fringe pink; hindwing senea.

The maned owl gets its name from the long, floppy, white-tipped feathers on its crown and ear tufts which seem to form a mane. Otherwise it is a medium-sized, large-headed, rufous owl. The upperparts are deep chestnut with narrow, wavy dark bars, these are darker on the lesser wing coverts and on the head, so that they contrast with the white forehead and tips to the ear tufts. The facial disk is rufous with a broad blackish rim and a white throat.

At long, it is a smaller sparrow. This bird's vocalisations are mostly variations on its chirp, which differ somewhat between males and females. The Iago sparrow was once thought to be most closely related to the rufous sparrows, a group of species within the genus Passer which live in similar habitats on continental Africa. Though the Iago sparrow is closest to the rufous sparrows in appearance, it has a number of crucial differences in morphology and behavior, and is separated by thousands of kilometres.

Brown mouse lemur The brown mouse lemur (Microcebus rufus) is a small primate, and like the other mouse lemurs can only be found on the island of Madagascar. They are known also as the rufous mouse lemur, eastern rufous mouse lemur, red mouse lemur, or russet mouse lemur. Its dorsal side is brown or reddish-brown, while ventrally it is a whitish-grey. It was originally considered a subspecies of the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) until 1977, when it was reclassified as a separate species.

The rufous-browed wren (Troglodytes rufociliatus) is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The adult of this subspecies also has a rufous- brown tinge on its lesser wing-coverts. It also lacks a non-breeding plumage, in addition to the tufts on the side of its head being paler.

Flitting between branches Flitting between branches Studies on rufous fantail social behaviour are sparse.Higgins et al. (HANZAB) p.167 Some observers have anecdotally described them as curious and trustful, whilst others depict them as shy creatures.

Colletes thoracicus, the rufous-chested cellophane bee, is a species of cellophane or plasterer, masked, or fork-tongued bee in the family Colletidae. It is found in North America.Sharkey M.J. (2007). Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera.

Alternate names for the rusty whistler include the Bornean mountain whistler, brownish whistler, rufous-breasted whistler and rusty- breasted whistler. The latter name should not be confused with the species of the same name, Pachycephala fulvotincta.

The rufous-winged sunbird (Cinnyris rufipennis) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The rufous-throated antbird (Gymnopithys rufigula) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The rufous-browed hemispingus (Poospiza rufosuperciliaris) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Of the five species now placed in the genus, a molecular genetic study has shown that the rufous- throated dipper is most closely related to the other South American species, the white-capped dipper (Cinclus leucocephalus).

The uppertail coverts are bronzed and the undertail coverts are unmarked rufous. The male has a pinkish band on the upper breast with a broader orange one below while the female has a bright yellow breast.

This lark is a 15-cm-long bird, with a brown crown, rich rufous underparts, and a strong bill. It has brown upperparts (greyer in the north of its range). Its call is an ascending "pooooeeeee".

It is gray with a rufous face and breast and brown back.Michael Morcombe, Field Guide to Australian birds, Steve Parish Publishing,2004 The male has dark streaks on his breast while the female has pale streaks.

The rufous-bellied euphonia (Euphonia rufiventris) is a species of bird in the family Fringillidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

The rufous-banded honeyeater (Conopophila albogularis) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is found in the Aru Islands, New Guinea and northern Australia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

The Brazilian tinamou is approximately in length. It has reddish-brown upper parts, rufous throat, grey breast, whitish belly, and brown legs. The female has a distinct black barring and is ochraceous on its upper parts.

Fascia on underside of forewings and upperside of hindwings blackish. Female with base and costa of forewings deeper rufous, where the rest of the wings pale. The antemedial and postmedial lines and discocellular speck almost obsolete.

The Ryūkyū scops-owl or elegant scops-owl (Otus elegans) is a small rufous- brown owl with a brown face disk and a cinnamon facial ruff. The bill is olive-grey and it has yellow eyes.

The jocotoco antpitta is a large (150–200 g) antpitta with a striking head pattern showing tufts of white plumes beneath the eyes. It has a song similar to the hooting of the rufous-banded owl.

The bold-striped tit- babbler has a distinctive yellowish supercilium and rufous crown. The throat is yellowish with brown streaks. Call is a loud repeated chonk-chonk-chonk- chonk-chonk somewhat reminiscent of a common tailorbird.

Sexes dimorphic. Adult males have an overall dull rufous-brown, a buffish-white collar distinct, bold whits spots on scapular area. White markings characterize the breast, flanks and abdomen. Scalloped pattern of feathers distinct on abdomen.

The black-headed bee-eater is a bold bird and easy to approach, when the red eye can be seen. In flight, the tail shows green feathers at the centre and rufous feathers at the edges.

The rufous-sided crake (Laterallus melanophaius) is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is swamps.

The red-breasted swallow (Cecropis semirufa), also known as the rufous-chested swallow, is a member of the family Hirundinidae, found in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is confined to the tropical rainforest during the wet season.

The closest relative within the family is believed to be the rufous vanga, which is thought to have split from the helmet vanga 800,000 years ago. The specific name prevostii commemorates the French artist Florent Prévost.

According to the IUCN Red List, the Ghana rufous-nosed rat "is considered to be a rare species" and is "known only from a few localities in each of the countries where it has been recorded".

The rufous thrushes, also known as flycatcher-thrushes, are medium-sized insectivorous birds in the genus Stizorhina of the thrush family Turdidae. These are African forest dwelling species. They are sometimes placed in the genus Neocossyphus.

Red panda Hoary- throated barwing (Actinodura nipalensis) Maroon-backed accentor (Prunella immaculata) Mammals reported from this area are Indian leopard, five viverrid species, Asiatic black bear, sloth bear, Asian golden cat, wild boar, leopard cat, goral, serow, barking deer, sambar deer, flying squirrel and tahr, red panda, clouded leopard., IBAs in West Bengal – Page 20. The semi-evergreen forests between 1600 m and 2700 m host rufous-throated partridge, satyr tragopan, crimson-breasted woodpecker, Darjeeling woodpecker, bay woodpecker, golden-throated barbet, Hodgson's hawk cuckoo, lesser cuckoo, brown wood owl, ashy wood pigeon, mountain imperial pigeon, Jerdon's baza, black eagle, mountain hawk eagle, dark-throated thrush, rufous-gorgeted flycatcher, white- gorgeted flycatcher, white-browed bush robin, white-tailed robin, yellow- browed tit, striated bulbul, chestnut-headed tesia, chestnut-crowned warbler, black-faced warbler, black-faced laughingthrush, chestnut-crowned laughingthrush, streak-breasted scimitar babbler, scaly-breasted cupwing, pygmy cupwing, rufous-fronted babbler, black-headed shrike babbler, white- browed shrike babbler, rusty-fronted barwing, rufous-winged fulvetta, brown parrotbill, fire-breasted flowerpecker, fire-tailed sunbird, maroon-backed accentor, dark-breasted rosefinch, red-headed bullfinch, gold-naped finch. Reptilian fauna includes King cobra, common krait, green pit viper, blind snake, lizards etc.

Although they overlap in range with most other American diurnal raptors, identifying most mature red-tailed hawks to species is relatively straightforward, particularly if viewing a typical adult at a reasonable distance. The red-tailed hawk is the only North American hawk with a rufous tail and a blackish patagium marking on the leading edge of its wing (which is obscured only on dark morph adults and Harlan’s hawks by similarly dark colored feathers). Other larger adult Buteo in North America usually have obvious distinct markings that are absent in red-tails, whether the rufous- brown "beard" of Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsonii) or the colorful rufous belly and shoulder markings and striking black-and-white mantle of red- shouldered hawks (also the small "windows" seen at the end of their primaries).Robbins, C. S., Bruun, B., & Zim, H. S. (2001).

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous and mixed with some dark brown: palpi with the 2nd joint brown at sides; abdomen dorsally dark brown, ventrally ochreous tinged with rufous. Forewing ochreous tinged with rufous, the costal area suffused with dark brown leaving slight pale streaks on the veins; the median nervure and base of veins arising from it streaked with black-brown; a black-brown streak in and beyond lower angle of cell with white points on it before and beyond the angle; a diffused oblique black-brown shade from termen below apex to vein 3; a terminal series of slight black lunules: cilia dark brown mixed with ochreous. Hindwing red brown; cilia whitish at tips; the underside grey suffused with fuscous, traces of a dark discoidal spot and diffused curved postmedial line.Hampson, George F. (1910).

The rufous-throated tanager (Ixothraupis rufigula) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

The most common pika in Himalayas with a HBT length of 17-22 centimeter. Royle's pika has a slightly arched head with rufous-grey body with chestnut-colored head and sparse hair in front of its ears.

In the female, the throat is an orange-rufous colour.LUCAS, A. H. S. and DUDLEY LE SOUËF, W. H. 1911. The birds of Australia, Melbourne, Melbourne : Whitcombe and Tombs. The male is also larger than the female.

The Papuan babbler (Garritornis isidorei), New Guinea babbler or Isidore's rufous babbler, is a species of bird in the family Pomatostomidae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

An indistinct pale waved sub-marginal line present with a black specks series on it. There is a dark waved marginal line. Hindwings ochreous fuscous, with narrow fuscous medial band and diffused sub-marginal band. Legs rufous.

Their wingspan ranges from 64 to 78 mm. The middle loop of the forewing is produced inwards almost to the discocellulars. There is a rufous spot found on the cell. Specimens very greatly in colour and spots.

Abdomen orange. Forewings greenish grey with very numerous faint striated reddish lines. There are three rufous spots which can be seen at end of cell. A dark oblique line from near apex to centre of inner margin.

It also has a distinct juvenile plumage, more rufous above and has a heavy pattern, especially below. This uncannily resembles, e.g., the gray thrasher (Toxostoma cinereum) from Baja California, but is apparently a case of convergent evolution.

The height of the shell attains 8 mm, its diameter 8 mm. The very thinshell is very elegantly sculptured. It is livid, spotted with pale rufous-brown. The protoconch consists of 2 whorls, very tumid and smooth.

The height of the shell varies between 3.5 mm and 8 mm. The small, rufous ashy shell has a depressed-globose shape. It is solid and imperforate. It contains four slightly convex whorls that are rapidly increasing.

The buff-breasted sandpiper (Calidris subruficollis) is a small shorebird. The species name subruficollis is from Latin subrufus, "reddish" (from sub, "somewhat", and rufus, "rufous") and collis, "-necked/-throated" (from collum, "neck"). It is a calidrid sandpiper.

The rufous-breasted antthrush (Formicarius rufipectus) is a species of bird in the family Formicariidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

The rufous-throated flycatcher (Ficedula rufigula) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The rufous-capped brushfinch (Atlapetes pileatus) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae. It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and subtropical or tropical high- altitude shrubland.

Ridgely & Greenfield (1989) If the two groups are split, the common name rufous-flanked thrush has been suggested for T. albicollis, with T. phaeopygos retaining the common name white-necked thrush or being renamed grey-flanked thrush.

Other birds found in the park include the black-eared kite (Milvus migrans lineatus), house swift (Apus (affinis) nipalensis), greater coucal (Centropus s.sinensis), common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), rufous- backed shrike (Lanius schach) and common tailorbird (Orthotomus sutorius).

The elegant rufous greenhood grows in woodland and in shallow soil on granite outcrops. It has a wide distribution between Goomalling and Salmon Gums in the Mallee biogeographic region but only occurs in a few isolated populations.

The rufous owl is a large owl species, ranging in weight from , depending on sex and age. It is only slightly smaller than the largest owl in Australia, the powerful owl (Ninox strenua), which typically weighs between .

The grey-cheeked nunlet averages . This species has a long, slender, and slightly decurved blue gray bill. The cheek patch is grey with a red eyering. The upperparts are mostly brown, with some rufous on the crown.

It also gives a whistling peu peu that becomes hi-hi and then stops. It has been observed parasitising Abbott's babbler and the rufous-winged philentoma. In mainland Southeast Asia, the breeding season is June to August.

University of Chicago Press. This race is similar to the southwestern red-tailed hawk (B. j. fuertesi) but markedly smaller, with its thighs barred with rufous. The dark wing marking may not be distinct in paler birds.

The nankeen night heron has a stable population size, and is classified as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).BirdLife International (2017). Species factsheet: Rufous Night Heron (Nycticorax caledonicus).

Euphalacra trifenestrata is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1902. It is found on Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Adults are ochreous suffused with rufous and have a grey anal tuft.

The Taiwan bush warbler is about long and weighs about . The male and female are alike. The head is dull rufous-brown, the crown having narrow dark tips. The indistinct supercilium and eye-ring are pale buff.

The Rufous-bellied chachalaca (Ortalis wagleri) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae. It is endemic to western Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

The Borneo thrush is mainly dark brown in colour. The flanks, lower breast and belly are rufous, with a white vent. It is about 23 cm in length. Its bill, eye-ring and legs are deep yellow.

The forewings have a yellowish-white basal area, followed by an oblique antemedial rufous band extending along the costa to the base. There is also an oblique medial yellowish band and the terminal half is rufous with a wedge-shaped yellowish postmedial patch on the costa extending down to vein 1. There is also an opalescent-whitish discoidal lunule and two subterminal lines with orange between and beyond them. The hindwings are yellowish white, with a brown and orange subterminal band between veins 5 and 2 with opalescent colours before and beyond it.

Pale morph adult tawny eagles always show a clear contrast between the pale body and wing coverts which bear darker flight feathers and tail. In pale morphs, the underparts are rufous buff to lighty tawny-brown, phasing into somewhat darker lesser and median wing coverts to darker brown to even blackish greater coverts and flight feathers. The head may too be tawny in pale morph tawny eagles but sometimes with thin brown streaks or darker chin. Below pale morph adults are all light rufous to tawny buff or brown, sometimes paler below the belly area.

The adult has a yellow eye, brown in the duller juvenile. The cinnamon-breasted tit (Melaniparus pallidiventris) has sometimes been considered conspecific with the rufous- bellied tit. The cinnamon-breasted tit has a dark grey breast, washed-out underparts, and a brown eye at all ages. The rufous-bellied tit was formerly one of the many species in the genus Parus but was moved to the resurrected genus Melaniparus after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2013 showed that the members of the new genus formed a distinct clade.

Broad white tips located on the greater and lesser primary coverts and dullish-brown with rufous brown edges on the primary and secondary coverts gives the closed wings a rufous appearance. The chin, throat, chest, and belly can appear to be white or a pale-buffy white, although the chest and belly contain keenly blackish oval shapes. The underwing is buffy-white. The iris is typically either orange or orange-yellow, with a dull brown bill with its base of the lower mandible appear to be pinkish grey.

Sclater's wren (Campylorhynchus humilis) is a songbird of the family Troglodytidae, the wrens. It is a resident breeding species south and east from western Chiapas Mexico. This species was split from the rufous-naped wren when it was determined three main populations vary markedly in size and coloration, and represented separate species: Veracruz wren (restricted to central coastal Veracruz), Sclater's wren (north and west from western Chiapas), and rufous-backed wren (south and east from western Chiapas). Some taxonomic authorities do not recognize the split, including the American Ornithological Society.

A thumb Birdlife International lists 16 bird species in Silent Valley as threatened or restricted:- Nilgiri wood-pigeon, Malabar parakeet, Malabar grey hornbill, white-bellied treepie, grey-headed bulbul, broad-tailed grassbird, rufous babbler, Wynaad laughing thrush, Nilgiri laughing thrush, Nilgiri blue robin, black-and-rufous flycatcher, Nilgiri flycatcher, white-bellied blue-flycatcher, crimson-backed sunbird and Nilgiri pipit.BirdLife International 2005 World Bird Database, Version 2.0. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Available: World Bird Database, accessed 3/24/2007 Rare bird species found here include the Ceylon frogmouth and great Indian hornbill.

The eye is surrounded by an eyering that is a blue thin wattle (slightly more pronounced in some species like the rufous paradise flycatcher). The plumage of the paradise flycatchers is sexually dimorphic, with rufous, white and black being the most common colours; one species has blue plumage and a few have traces of maroon. Sexual dimorphism can be pronounced (and of course more so in the long-tailed males) or subtle; the female Bedford's paradise flycatcher is identical to the male except slightly duller. Some species sport prominent crests.

In adults, the rings circling the eyes are seal brown; they are darker in young individuals. There is a white stripe extending from the nose to the forehead, and the sides of the head and upper lip are silvery gray, while the rest of the face and top of the head is rufous. It has small black ears, typically about long, which do not have fur on the tips. On the dorsal side of the animal, a rufous to brownish- black stripe runs from the nape to the middle of the lower back.

The wingspan is 32–42 mm. Forewing rufous brown or rufous grey, mixed with white; a costal streak and the veins whitish; stigmata outlined with brown, the reniform with the centre dark; marginal area often paler; hindwing in male white, in female with the veins and margin grey. It is a seacoast species or survives in wastes once washed by the sea; occurring in Britain, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Russia; in Mongolia and Siberia, and in Egypt. It is a remarkably variable species of which the chief forms are ab.

The forewings are deep rufous on the costal area to beyond the middle and on the inner area to the middle. The rest of the wing is yellow and there is a faint brown antemedial line. The postmedial line is waved and brownish, with white spots before it on the rufous area in the discal fold and below the end of the cell and yellow spots between veins 5 and 2. The subterminal line is formed by a series of brown lunules and there is a series of slight brown marks just before the termen.

Rufous-necked laughing thrush have not been studied for their reproduction but it is assumed that they reproduce similarly to other laughing thrushes. Their intelligence makes it difficult for parasitic reproducers like cuckoos to take advantage of them. Their egg recognition is very good and therefore can remove intrusive eggs that don't resemble theirs at all. In terms of mating rufous-necked laughingthrushes tend to are sexually dimorphic in size and it may be linked to the female choice of individuals with the best territorial defense and therefore size was probably selected over time.

The short, rounded wings whirr rapidly, and a bird flying away shows an electric-blue "flash" down its back. In North Africa, Europe and Asia north of the Himalayas, this is the only small blue kingfisher. In south and southeast Asia, it can be confused with six other small blue-and-rufous kingfishers, but the rufous ear patches distinguish it from all but juvenile blue-eared kingfishers; details of the head pattern may be necessary to differentiate the two species where both occur. The common kingfisher has no song.

Juvenile rufous-bellied eagles (Lophotriorchis kienerii) are rather smaller and more compact with a relatively longer winged and shorter tailed appearance. The rufous-bellied juvenile when compared to the juvenile changeable is generally purer white looking below which contrasts more strongly with their sparse blackish streaks. Dark morph changeable hawk-eagles may be confused with the similarly- sized but even more slender black eagle (Ictinaetus malaiensis). However, the latter is much longer winged with distinctly pinched-in bases, a uniformly dark tail and has small light feather bases only to primaries.

Upperwings are also dark grey-brown, but with prominent white shafts and narrow rufous-brown fringes to the secondary coverts and tertials; and fine light brown edges to the other remiges, producing rufous-brown patches when the wing is folded. The underbody is white with buff-brown wash on the flanks through to the legs and underside of tail. The bill is light grey to blue-grey with a darker grey culmen, and the iris is dark to olive-brown. The legs and feet are purplish to dark grey.

The black-throated coucal is the largest species in the genus Centropus, growing to in length. The sexes are similar, the adult having the head, neck, upper breast and mantle black, glossed with violet-blue, the wings rufous-chestnut, the back black barred with white and the tail black, the tail feathers having paler bases. The lower breast and belly are white, the thighs, flanks and undertail-coverts having a rufous tinge. The juvenile has somewhat similar plumage to the adult, but is barred and streaked with buff, and lacks the gloss on the head.

Characteristics of the appearance of the pallid cuckoo include: a dark bill, a dark eye with a gold eye-ring, a shadowy dark mark from the eye down the neck, a white (or buff) mark on the nape, olive grey feet and prominent white (or buff) toothing along the tail. In flight, there are conspicuous white and dark bars across the long tail. Its silhouette resembles a falcon and often triggers alarm calls from passerines. The pallid cuckoo can have various morphs including light rufous morph or dark rufous morph.

From close range its thick blue-grey beak, pink legs and feet, and pale eyes can be seen. Females are brighter than males, with rufous of underparts brighter and extending over throat to sides of head, and narrower and denser barring on flanks that rarely extend onto breast as scalloping. Juveniles are smaller, darker above with white streaks and dark barring, bold white spots on wing-coverts, underparts white with rufous-brown gorget and upper breast scalloped. The red-chested buttonquail is more commonly sighted in woodland habitats, than grassland habitats.

Adults are yellow, suffused and irrorated (sprinkled) with red brown, the forewings with an indistinct antemedial line which is highly angled in the cell. There are two specks at the end of the cell and the inner margin is more yellow and crossed by numerous indistinct waved rufous lines. There is also a waved submarginal line and some white subapical spots. The hindwings have a yellow subbasal area, crossed by waved rufous lines and there is a black speck at the end of the cell, as well as a double postmedial line.

Forewing bright rufous, the median and terminal areas deeper; the inner and outer lines white, especially the outer on inner margin; stigmata slightly paler; hindwing blackish fuscous, the fringe whitish; - ab. cana Stgr. is much paler, especially the basal and outer areas, the colouration more olive drab, without any rufous tint;- pallida Tutt is an extreme form of this, with the median area hoary as well as the basal and outer - suffusa Tutt, from Armagh, Northern Ireland, is greyish black, with all markings faint, somewhat resembling aethiops Haw.; a Scotch form, ab.

Its tarsi are pale pinkish to grayish brown. Juveniles look similar to adults, but have browner upperparts, with rufous-brown tips on greater wing coverts and a ginger tinge on their tertials. Irises are darker than in adults.

The rufous-winged tyrannulet (Mecocerculus calopterus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

These birds are between 16 and 18 centimetres in size, on average, and their average weight is approximately 25 grams. The rufous whistler has a variety of musical calls which consist of a lengthy series of ringing notes.

The rufous-tailed stipplethroat is a fairly common species with a very wide range. The population appears to be stable and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

The rufous-sided broadbill (Smithornis rufolateralis) is a species of bird in the family Calyptomenidae. It is sparsely distributed throughout the intra- tropical rainforest of Sub-Saharan Africa. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Common species of animals that roam in this park are the timber wolf, coyote, badger, moose, elk, mule deer, mountain goat, golden-mantled ground squirrel, rufous hummingbird, hoary marmot, wolverine, cougar, pika, lynx, grizzly bear, and black bear.

The rufous- tailed robin is considered by the IUCN to be of least concern. This is because it has an extremely large range, appears to be quite common within that range and the population seems to be stable.

Naked mole rats are primarily preyed upon by snakes—especially the Rufous beaked snake and Kenyan sand boa—as well as various raptors. They are at their most vulnerable when constructing mounds and ejecting soil to the surface.

Among standard measurements, the wing chord is , the tail is and the tarsus is .Curassows, Guans and Chachalacas by Nigel Hughes. Wildside Books (UK). 2006, Some rare rufous morph female has a black barred and reddish brown plumage.

The sharply conical shell is elevated but still rather small : 5 – 20 mm. It is perforate. Its color goes from a yellowish-brown to a pale pink. It is ornamented at the suture with lirae articulated with rufous.

Baryphthengus is a genus of birds in the family Momotidae. They are found in forests of South and Central America. Both species have a long tail, a black mask, and a plumage that is mainly green and rufous.

They have a creamy body, marked with dark brown in a longitudinally reticulate manner. Some segments have a rufous suffusion. The moth features two symmetrical patterns resembling flies feeding on bird droppings. The moth has a pungent odor.

The shell is haliotis- shaped with a convex back. It is rufous-brown, ornamented with a broad white girdle. It is decussated by elevated rather close-set lines and oblique striae. The white spire is posterior, rather prominent.

The black-tailed cisticola is in length and weighs . It has a rich rufous crown, dark grey-brown back and a long black tail. The underparts are whitish. Juveniles are similar to the adults but less brightly coloured.

The eyes are yellow, with whitish eyebrows. The upper part of the body is relatively dark, rufous- brown with small white spots. Wings are dark brown and relatively short. The tail is dark brown with five pale bars.

The black bee-eater grows to a length of about . It is a predominantly black bird, with a scarlet chin and throat, a streaked breast, a pale blue eyebrow, blue belly, undertail-coverts and rump, and rufous primaries.

Antemedial and postmedial lines more prominent and angled outwards at vein 4, where there are rufous patches inside them. A submarginal lunulate line is present. Female more prominently brown irrorated. Forewings with a complete marginal lunulate series present.

Adults are mainly slate-grey, with a paler head and underparts. The short black tail has 2-3 white bands. The eyes are red and the legs are orange. In flight, this kite shows a rufous primary patch.

The Malaysian hawk-cuckoo or Malay hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx fugax) is a bird in the family Cuculidae formerly considered conspecific with Hodgson's hawk- cuckoo and the rufous hawk-cuckoo. All three species were previously assigned as Cuculus fugax.

Rufous- crested coquettes are primarily silent, however, they have been recorded to make a sharp "tsip" noise when foraging on nectar, as well as soft chipping sounds. Their rapid wingbeats produce a quiet humming sound when in flight.

Saucerottia cyanura can reach a length of . These hummingbirds show a metallic deep green plumage, a characteristic deep blue tail and in proper lighting chestnut or rufous wings. Rump and uppertail coverts are purplish. The bill is black.

There are a whitish supercilium and moustachial curves. The throat and neck-sides are orange-rufous, with black speckles. The breast and flanks are blue-grey. The upper belly is blue-grey and the central belly is whitish.

Retrieved June 12, 2017. The wingspan is about 38 mm. The forewings are purple suffused with fuscous, the veins streaked with fuscous and with a rufous discoidal spot. The hindwings are greyish fuscous, somewhat ochreous towards the base.

The lilac kingfisher is long. It has the typical kingfisher shape, with a short tail and long bill. The adult male of the nominate race, C. c. cyanotis, has a brown crown and back and rufous rump and tail.

The golden- mantled howler differs from the Ecuadorian mantled howler primarily by being darker, with a mantle that is more rufous than yellowish. The golden-mantled howler differs from the Mexican howler monkey primarily in aspects of skull morphology.

The rufous-tailed xenops (Microxenops milleri) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The body whorl, equalling the others in size, is almost entirely grooved and spirally lirate. The liree below are rufous-spotted. The outer lip is thin, perhaps not quite fully developed. The sinus is well marked but not deep.

Aoraia rufivena, the rufous-veined aoraia, is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. A. rufivena was described by John S. Dugdale in 1994. The wingspan is 60–74 mm for males.

The small rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus subrufus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is endemic to the Philippines on the island of Camiguin, Catanduanes, Luzon, Mindanao and Mindoro at elevations from sea level to 1,000m.

The rufous piha (Lipaugus unirufus) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

While rufous whistlers primarily feed on insects, they also eat seeds, fruit and occasionally, leaves and grasses. They never forage for food on the ground which is unusual for whistlers which typically do not forage at particularly high levels.

It has a dark throat patch and a contrasting rufous crown and wings. The tail structure is also typical of the genus, being long and steeply graduated, with sharply pointed individual feathers, the central pair thinning towards the tip.

Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. the chestnut-bellied nuthatch. The Indian nuthatch (including the older prateri of the Eastern Ghats) is found South of the Ganges river. It is the only grey-backed, rufous-bellied nuthatch in the peninsula.

Hindwings yellow, suffused and striated with rufous outer area. There is an indistinct postmedial and curved crenulate submarginal line present. Wingspan of the female is 44 mm. Female much similar to male, but differs in much red in color.

The forewings have an indistinct fine waved rufous antemedial line and indistinct fine dentate postmedial and submarginal lines, the former with a white-centred spot and the latter with a black spot. The hindwings have a slight pinkish tinge.

Male G. r. ruficauda in Tobago Female in Brazil Like other jacamars they are elegant, brightly coloured birds with long bills and tails. The rufous-tailed jacamar is typically long with a long black bill. The subspecies G. r.

London, 1527; British Museum. The word "rufous" is derived from the Latin rufus, meaning "red", and is used as an adjective in the names of many animals—especially birds—to describe the colour of their skin, fur, or plumage.

The height of the shell attains 5 mm, its diameter also 5 mm. The small, depressed shell has an ovate-conical shape. It has an ocher or rufous color. The five convex whorls are tessellated near the channeled suture.

The park is home to many endangered species including the Shagreen Snail, Black Bear, White-Tailed Deer, Rufous-Crowned Sparrows (rare), and 94 of the 134 butterfly species of Arkansas. The most rare butterfly species is the Diana Fritillary.

The subspecies show some variation in colouration; O. o. ourebi is a rich rufous, while O. o. hastata is yellower. Only males possess horns; the thin, straight horns, long, are smooth at the tips and ringed at the base.

Neoduma caprimimoides is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1912. It is found in New Guinea. The forewings are rufous chocolate with sooty black zigzag lines and a black spot at the tornus.

English naturalist Richard Bowdler Sharpe described the rufous fishing owl in 1871. It is one of three species in the genus Scotopelia. It is named after Herbert Taylor Ussher who provided the type specimen Sharpe used in his description.

The adult rufescent tiger heron is relatively easy to distinguish from fasciated and bare-throated tiger herons, as it is rufous (rather than primarily gray) on the head and neck. Young birds, however, are much more difficult to identify.

Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19(5), 589-606. Common birds include Black-crested Antshrike (Sakesphorus canadensis), Rufous-browed Peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis), Straight- billed Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus picus), White-whiskered Spinetail (Synallaxis candei), Trinidad Euphonia (Euphonia trinitatis), Scrub Greenlet (Hylophilus flavipes).

The rufous-throated fulvetta (Schoeniparus rufogularis) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is found in southeastern Asia from the Himalayas through Indochina to southwestern Cambodia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

The range of the rufous treepie is quite large, covering Pakistan, India and into Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. It inhabits open forest consisting of scrub, plantations and gardens. In the Garhwal Himalayas, it migrates seasonally between different elevations.

The rufous-capped thornbill (Chalcostigma ruficeps) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest.

The rufous-headed tailorbird (Phyllergates heterolaemus) is a species of bird in the family Cettiidae. It is found only in the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 2.5 mm. The small, fusiform shell is twisted. It is straw-coloured with faint rufous longitudinal tints. It contains seven whorls, of which three decussate whorls in the protoconch.

The rufous-breasted piculet (Picumnus rufiventris) is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

Its upperparts are grey with a chestnut collar; its underparts are mainly rufous, finely barred with white. Thus it has similar colouring to the collared sparrowhawk but is larger. The flight is fast and flexible. The body length is ; the wingspan, .

Some of the more rare species which have been seen in the Preserve include black hawk, eastern phoebe, green kingfisher, Harris's hawk, Lawrence's goldfinch, magnolia warbler, Mississippi kite, pyrrholuxia, rufous- backed robin, winter wren, yellow-billed cuckoo, and zone-tailed hawk.

The rufous-breasted chat-tyrant (Ochthoeca rufipectoralis) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

The Stressemanns bristlefront is commonly known as the rarest bird on earth. This is a medium-sized, long-tailed bird with distinctive forehead bristles. It measures . The male is all slaty-plumbeous with dark rufous-chestnut rump, uppertail-coverts and vent.

The rufous-bellied triller (Lalage aurea) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

Its natural habitat is the temperate forests of the Lower to Middle Himalayas. The species has an unmistakable appearance with its rufous-dominated colouration and black head, and is often seen with its crest raised. It is a vigorous, melodious singer.

The rufous-breasted leaftosser (Sclerurus scansor) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil and eastern Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

The rufous-tailed flycatcher (Myiarchus validus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Jamaica. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

The rufous-headed tanager (Hemithraupis ruficapilla) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

The rufous-tailed foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia ruficaudata) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The three species of emu-wrens each live in distinct habitats: the southern emu- wren preferring marshes and heathland, the mallee emu-wren inhabiting spinifex understory in mallee woodland, and the rufous-crowned emu-wren dwelling in spinifex in desert areas.

The rufous-throated wren-babbler (Spelaeornis caudatus) is a species of bird in the family Timaliidae. It is found in Bhutan, India, and Nepal. Its natural habitat is the Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

The white- whiskered spinetail has a grayish-brown crown with sides of head black as well as a "whisker" stripe on both sides of face; as well as a mostly-brown head. Cinnamon rufous sides and breast and a white underbelly.

Nottebohm was born in Argentina and received his PhD in zoology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966 while working with Peter Marler. Afterwards, he worked on some pioneering studies of the song of the rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis).

The bill is fairly short and straight. The song is long and monotonous. The plain-brown woodcreeper is similar in appearance but has rufous wings, rump and tail. It occurs in eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul north to Bahia.

Abdomen pale fuscous. Forewings with pale red-brown with a silvery sheen and numerous fine pale striae. There are traces of sub-basal, antemedial, and medial oblique line present. A rufous line runs from apex to inner margin beyond middle.

The grey-banded mannikin is approximately 10 cm long. This species is a grey pale-headed munia with brownish-grey breast, narrow and grey lower breast-band, rufous-brown belly, dark brown mantle and wings, and pale yellow rump and tail.

As in most other hermits, it has a long, decurved bill. The basal half of the lower mandible is yellow, but otherwise the entire bill is black. The sexes are virtually identical. Juveniles apparently have the entire back pale rufous.

The hairy rufous greenhood grows in woodland and shrubland and is common in wandoo woodland. It occurs between Beverley and Esperance, sometimes as far north as Kalgoorlie, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee and Murchison biogeographic regions.

Zonotrichia is a genus of five extant American sparrows of the family Passerellidae. Four of the species are North American, but the rufous-collared sparrow breeds in highlands from the extreme southeast of Mexico to Tierra del Fuego, and on Hispaniola.

The rufous-fronted bushtit is found in the eastern and central Himalayas in Bhutan, China, India and Nepal. It occurs in montane forests, both broad-leaved and coniferous, up to 3,600 m above sea- level. It typically feeds in flocks.

The length of the shell varies between 18 mm and 45 mm. The orbicular, imperforate shell is conoid with an acute apex. It is of pale flesh-color, maculated with bright rufous. The convex whorls are spirally sculptured with granulose lirae.

The abdomen underside is mostly cinnamon-red, but paler mesially. The forewing underside is dark walnut-brown and yellow at the base. The hindwing upperside has an interrupted yellow band, suffused with black. The hindwing underside is bright cinnamon-rufous.

In the field, the rufous colour, the reddish rump and a dark tail band (narrowing towards the sides to give a triangular shape) are distinctive. The throat is lightly streaked in dark brown. Young birds have less streaking on the underside.

The wingspan is 36–42 mm. Forewing pale grey, with a more or less general rufous tinge; Lines and stigmata all obscure; lower lobe of reniform dark; hindwing fuscous; anal tufts of abdomen of male reddish. — In the ab. cerasina Frr.

The Rondônia bushbird (Clytoctantes atrogularis) is a bird species in the family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Males are blackish and females are mainly rufous. The stubby, hefty bill has a distinctively upcurved lower mandible and a straight culmen.

The rufous-browed conebill (Conirostrum rufum) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Colombia and far western Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

The rufous-fronted antthrush (Formicarius rufifrons) is a species of bird in the family Formicariidae. It is found very locally in humid forest in southeastern Peru, northwestern Bolivia (Pando), and far southwestern Brazil (Acre). It is threatened by habitat loss.

The rufous-banded miner (Geositta rufipennis) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.

The variegated plumage resembles the European nightjar. The adult is lichen-grey, barred and streaked with buff, chestnut and black. The underparts are barred. It is larger and longer-tailed than the more widespread species, and has a rufous neck-collar.

The Vilcabamba brushfinch (Atlapetes terborghi) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae. It is endemic to humid Andean forest in the Cordillera Vilcabamba in northwestern Cuzco, Peru. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the rufous-naped brushfinch.

It is replaced on the Kalahari sands by the Kalahari scrub robin, while in the Horn of Africa it is sympatric with the rufous bush chat, which lacks any white in the wings. Suitable habitat is usually grassy, which facilitates nesting.

CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), . Adults have rufous sides, a white belly, and a long dark tail with white edges. The eyes are red, white for birds in the southeast.

An oblique rufous and ochreous line runs from apex to center of inner margin. There is an indistinct lunulate fuscous sub- marginal line. Hindwings fuscous and cilia ochreous. Ventral surface with narrow curved medial fuscous band and traces of submarginal band.

Trochalopteron milnei can reach a body length of about and a weight of about . These medium- sized laughingthrushes are dull ochrous-grey, with a bright rufous-chestnut crown and a blackish face, with whitish ear-coverts. Wings and tail are crimson.

The rustyhead snake (Amastridium veliferum), also known commonly as the rufous-headed snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Central America and Colombia."Amastridium veliferum COPE, 1860". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.

BBRC report for 1993, p. 543; BBRC report for 1994, p. 530 A review of rufous turtle dove records took place in 1994, and concluded that three of the eight accepted records should no longer stand.BBRC report for 1993, p.

This polymorphic species is highly variable in colour, it being overall grey- brown or (less commonly) brown or rufous, but always with a relatively distinctive blackish edge to the face and yellow irides. The length is long and weight is .

The cryptic forest falcon is believed to be a generalist. It is known to prey on reptiles and invertebrates. It is also believed to prey on small birds, as one individual emerged to a recording of the rufous-necked puffbird.

The rufous-fronted parakeet is gregarious, forming small flocks of 10 to 100. It feeds mostly on the ground, eating grass seed, flowers and fruits. It roosts on cliffs and also nests there, but little is known of its reproductive habits.

The tail is long and graduated. The eyes are dark brown, the beak is greenish-black and the feet are yellow. The male and female are alike. The juvenile bird has a blackish throat and rufous bars on its upperparts.

The rufous coucal (Centropus unirufus) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Luzon and proximate islands in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Adults' eyes, cere, and legs are yellow to yellow- orange. In the eastern subspecies, adults have dark gray upperparts with lighter heads. The underparts are plain rufous and white. The tail is blackish with two or three big white patches.

It has been recorded as host of the following brood parasites: Diderick cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius, Jacobin cuckoo Clamator jacobinus, and Levaillant's cuckoo Clamator levaillantii. Predators include the rufous-breasted sparrowhawk Accipter rufiventris, as well as cats and rats Rattus spp.

If you hear a commotion in the bushes, it may just be a rufous-sided towhee scratching through the leaf litter for insects and other invertebrates.Ludlam, Isabel P. "Birds of the Santa Rosa Plateau." 1991. Commentary by Rick Bramhall, 2016.

The upper parts are pale rufous-brown, washed with brown. The underparts are whitish or pale buffy-grey. The hind legs are much longer than the forelegs. The tail is long, being about the same length as the head and body.

This tiny hummingbird measures and weighs . The male has bronze-green upperparts with rufous crown and crest. White band on upper rump and bronze-purple lower rump. The throat is green while the face features short, orange cheek-tufts tipped green.

The female is duller in color than the male and lacks the crest and the fanning cheek feathers. Both sexes have a coppery green back with a whitish rump band. The tail is golden rufous. The underparts are whitish-greenish.

The flowers are visited by several bird species, such as the red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), rufous-backed shrike (Lanius schach), blue-tailed bee-eater (Merops philippinus), and stork-billed kingfisher (Pelargopsis capensis), some of which are predators of the bee.

The red goshawk and rufous owl prey upon the blue-winged kookaburra. Adult birds are also slow flyers and vulnerable to being hit by cars on country roads.Legge, p. 109 Nests are susceptible to raids by olive pythons, quolls, and goannas.

The rufous-fronted wood quail (Odontophorus erythrops) is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

The rufous-breasted antpitta or leymebamba antpitta (Grallaricula leymebambae) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Peru and western Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest.

The color of the skin is blue-grey. Three shells of Daudebardia rufa The shell is perforate, depressed, transversely dilated, slightly striate, very shining, and corneous or rufous in colour. The spire is moderate and sublateral. The shell has 3 whorls.

Other subspecies differ in the extent of the supercilium and rufous flanks, and the shade and degree of streaking of the underparts. The song is a duet. The male gives a soft prrrrruuu call, often answered by the female's eeeu.

The rufous-bellied woodpecker or rufous-bellied sapsucker (Dendrocopos hyperythrus) is a species of bird in the family Picidae. This woodpecker has a habit of making a series of small pits on the bark of trees leading to its being considered an Asiatic member of the sapsuckers in the past. It is found along the Himalayas in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, ranging across Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Manchuria, Ussuriland and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

As for the other Asian hornbill species, Buceros and Rhinoplax are each other's closest relatives, Anorrhinus is part of a clade that has Ocyceros and Anthracoceros as sister taxa, and Aceros, Rhyticeros, and Penelopides form another clade. However, according to this study, Aceros is polyphyletic; the Rufous-headed hornbill, Writhed hornbill, and Wrinkled hornbill form a clade with the Sulawesi hornbill, and are in turn more closely related to Penelopides. These four species have been classified in a separate genus, Rhabdotorrhinus. Similarly, the Knobbed hornbill is more closely related to Rhyticeros, leaving the Rufous-necked hornbill the only member of the genus Aceros.

None of the African species of hornbills are seriously threatened, but many Asian hornbills are threatened by hunting and habitat loss, as they tend to require primary forest. Among these threatened species, only the plain-pouched hornbill and rufous-necked hornbill are found on the Asian mainland; all others are insular in their distribution. In the Philippines alone, one species (the Palawan hornbill) is vulnerable, and two species (the Mindoro and Visayan hornbills) are endangered. Two of the three critically endangered hornbills, the rufous-headed hornbill and the Sulu hornbill, are also restricted to the Philippines.

Adults are yellow, the forewings with slight rufous marks at the base and an antemedial line oblique from the costa to below the median nervure, where it is angled, then angled inwards on vein 1. There is a speck in the cell and a discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is broad and irregular, nearly straight from the costa to vein 2, then bent inwards to below the angle of the cell, and with patches between it and the lower angle of the cell. The termen is rather broadly rufous, diffused inward to the postmedial line in the middle.

P. e. punctata of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, the head and upperparts are rufous-brown, somewhat darker on the midback. The upperparts from the top of the head and shoulders to the rump have many relatively large white spots, although on occasion they are more restricted. P. e. banksi of highlands of northern Borneo is similar, except that its upper head, nape and back are black, resulting in a clear contrast with the rich rufous-brown flanks and tail base. It has white spots above as in P. e. punctata, but these can be absent in young.

The adult rufous piha is about long and the sexes look similar. The upper parts are a uniform reddish- cinnamon and the underparts are similar but a slightly paler shade, the throat being the palest part. The bill is broad and either flesh-coloured or brown at the base, and there is sometimes a slight ring round the eye. This bird could be confused with the speckled mourner (Laniocera rufescens) but that bird is shorter and more slender, with a slimmer bill and a relatively longer tail; the male rufous piha utters various piercing, whistling calls.

The rufous mourner (Rhytipterna holerythra) has similar colouring but has a differently-shaped head, a narrower-based beak (it is an insect-eater) and lacks the breast and wing markings. Another bird with which it could be confused is the rufous piha (Lipaugus unirufus), but that has a broader-based beak as befits an omnivorous diet, and more uniform colouring, with no yellow pectoral tuft. This bird is of a retiring nature and seldom seen, but it makes its presence known with its clear, ringing song, a sequence of about a dozen repeated "Tleeyr, tleeyeei, tleeyeei, tleeyeei ...", sung from a low perch.

The snowythroated babbler is a rare species of babbler found only in the Patkai and Mishmi Hills and nearby areas in Northern Myanmar, is found in Namdapha. Other rare, restricted range or globally endangered species include the rufous-necked hornbill, green cochoa, purple cochoa, beautiful nuthatch, Ward's trogon, ruddy kingfisher, blue-eared kingfisher, white-tailed fish eagle, Eurasian hobby, pied falconet, white-winged wood duck, Himalayan wood- owl, rufous-throated hill-partridge, and whitecheeked hill partridge. Several leaf warblers and migrants such as amur falcon and several thrushes can be seen here.Datta, A., Naniwadekar, R. & Anand, M.O. 2008.

Already listed in CITES Appendices I & II, the species is vulnerable but occurs in a number of protected areas in India, China, Thailand and Bhutan. Due to increased information coming in about range and extent, it has been suggested that the rufous-necked hornbill be downgraded from IUCN status "Vulnerable" to "Near Threatened". Recent initiatives by the Wildlife Trust of India, Arunachal Pradesh Forest Department and other citizens to conserve hornbills, which also target the rufous-necked hornbill, are the Hornbill Nest Adoption Programme, and a programme for replacing the use of real beaks with fibre-made replicas. .

The wingspan is 45–55 mm. The length of the forewings is 22–27 mm. Forewing ranging from pale ochreous and rufous in the female to red-brown and olive-green in the male; ochreous males are rare; markings slight in the female, strong in the male;inner line dark; outer and submarginal pale; upper stigmata large, pale-edged, often touching; a dark costal blotch before submarginal line: hindwing and fringe orange, with a very broad black border; the pale rufous forms are known as ab. rufa Tutt, and the deep red-brown forms as ab.

Reptiles include black spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis), boa constrictor (Boa constrictor) and green iguana (Iguana iguana). The Gulf of Panama supports the majority of waterbirds in Panama due in part to the mangrove swamps, as well as the opportunities for foraging in the shrimp ponds and agricultural areas. Bird species include Amazon kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona),grey-cowled wood rail (Aramides cajaneus), green kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana), lesser nighthawk (Chordeiles acutipennis), mangrove black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis), roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), rufous-browed peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis), rufous-necked wood rail (Aramides axillaris) and yellow-billed cotinga (Carpodectes antoniae).

In two species, the rufous-breasted and the chestnut piculets, the white is largely replaced by rufous. While the individual species often are habitat specialists (as evident by a number of highly restricted species such as the rusty-necked and ochraceous piculets), members of this genus range from dry Caatinga woodland to humid Amazonian and Atlantic Forest. They are generally found in pairs or small groups. The Neotropical species fall into two broad song groups, with the first having a song consisting of a long trill, and the second a song consisting of series of two or more descending notes.

Pangot Village is located about 13 kilometers from Nainital, which is a popular hill station. The drive to here passes through the forested area of Naina Peak Range via Himalaya Darshan & Echo Zone which are famous for Himalaya view of Nanda Devi series and Kilbury, which are birding spots. The main attraction of Pangot are its birds; around 580 bird species have been recorded in this area. One can see a variety of Himalayan species along the way such as lammergeier, Himalayan griffon, blue-winged minla, spotted & slaty-backed forktail, rufous-bellied woodpecker, rufous-bellied niltava, khalij pheasant, variety of thrushes etc.

30.15) in the Paris museum has a light ash- grey head and back of the neck (lighter on the hind-neck), with a long crest the same colour with white shafts. Its back and tail are ash-brown, its wings darker with a greyish wash, and its uppertail covert feathers and rump have a rufous wash. Its primary coverts are white with brown tips; the bases (instead of the tips) are brown in other specimens. The superciliary stripe, lore, and most of the specimen's underside is white, with a pale rufous wash on the flanks and undertail coverts.

The subspecies Falco chicquera ruficollis found in sub- Saharan Africa is sometimes treated as a full species, the rufous-necked falcon (Falco ruficollis), on the basis of its well-separated geographic range and distinctive pattern. It appears very similar to the Indian form but has dark barring on the upperparts, a rufous breast band, and black moustachial and eye stripes. As in most falcons, the females are larger and falconers in India called the female turumti and the male as chatwa. They hunt in pairs mostly at dawn and dusk, capturing small birds, bats and squirrels.

The rufous-naped lark is geographically very variable, and is taken to form a species complex with the allopatric red-winged lark of East Africa, and perhaps with the Somali lark. It is a smaller version of the first, with a finer bill and shorter tail, but their morphological and vocal features do not intergrade where their ranges meet. The rufous nape is an equivocal field character, being absent in the tropical races and in some individuals. Due to the inherent variability of the species, some of the 23–25 odd races are perhaps insufficiently distinct or clinal.

The wingspan is 36–44 mm. Forewing pale greyish rufous, speckled with dark; lines indistinct, dark grey; the outer regularly lunulate-dentate, the teeth marked by black dashes on veins; reniform stigma obscure, ending in a cloudy pale spot at lower end of cell; hindwing greyish ochreous; ventral tufts black. The species varies in coloration: ferrago F. is the reddest form: - grisea Haw, is grey without any rufous admixture, with the markings generally clearer; fulvescens Tutt is rare, with fulvous in the place of red; — ab. marginata Tutt has silvery grey hindwings with broad dark border.

These usually comprise other small Passerine birds such as: the spectacled monarch, the little shrikethrush, the large-billed scrubwren and less occasionally, the green-backed honeyeater.Higgins et al. (HANZAB) p.166 The rufous fantail is mostly an aerial forager, rarely perching during feeding.

The rufous-winged tanager (Tangara lavinia) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

The rufous-breasted bush robin (Tarsiger hyperythrus) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, southwestern China, northeast India, northern Myanmar and Nepal. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. From Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India.

The rufous-headed robin (Larvivora ruficeps) is a species of passerine bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in central China. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate shrubland. This poorly known species is thought to be threatened by habitat loss.

The rufous-crowned babbler (Malacopteron magnum) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Birds will often use spider webs to bind the nest together before lining it. The nests have a side-top entrance. The rufous-eared warbler tends to favour non-thorny shrubs for nest-building,Maclean GL. 1996. Breeding (2): Ecology of Breeding.

This is a small bird, long, of fairly drab appearance. It is brownish with lighter and darker streaks above, and off-white below and on the supercilium. It is browner above than the common treecreeper (C. familiaris), with a contrasting rufous rump.

The rufous-naped greenlet (Pachysylvia semibrunnea) is a species of bird in the family Vireonidae. It is found in the Andes in Colombia, northern Ecuador, and westernmost Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

The rufous-backed Inca finch (Incaspiza personata) is a species of bird traditionally placed in the family Emberizidae, but it may be more closely related to the Thraupidae. It is endemic to Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

The pale-bellied tapaculo (Scytalopus griseicollis), also known as the matorral tapaculo or rufous-bellied tapaculo, is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-bellied bush tyrant (Myiotheretes fuscorufus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in the eastern Andes of Peru and Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.

It is mid-sized for an antpitta, averaging long. It has an orange-rufous head and nape. The back is olive brown and the throat is white. The belly is white overlaid with black-brown streaking, mainly on the sides and the flanks.

The rufous-breasted warbling finch (Poospiza rubecula) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

At Krau Forest The rufous-winged philentoma (Philentoma pyrhoptera) is a bird species. They are now usually assigned to the Vangidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Hindwings with the series of specks medial instead of postmedial. Outer margin of hindwings angled at vein 4 and non-crenulate. Ventral side ochreous, with the markings prominent, rufous, and with waved postmedial and submarginal bands. Larvae have been reared on Eugenia species.

The African pygmy kingfisher is in length. The sexes are alike. It is a very small kingfisher with rufous underparts and a blue back extending down to the tail. The dark blue crown of the adult separates it from the African dwarf kingfisher.

A purplish rufous marginal band narrowing to apex and outer angle and with a slight indentation near apex. A marginal series of pale specks present. Hindwings whitish. Female has inner edge of the marginal band of hindwings more curved inwards at centre.

A marginal black band runs from vein 5 to anal angle. Female much more prominently striated with rufous coloured forewings. The silvery patches found below and beyond cell very large and conjoined crossed by white streaks above vein 2 and beyond cell.

The rufous-sided gerygone (Gerygone dorsalis) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It is found in the eastern Lesser Sunda Islands and Kai Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

A rufous morph individual of S. a. sylvatica in England. This is a robust owl that is quite distinct for its large, rounded head. Tawny owls have no ear tufts but do possess a prominent facial disc rimmed in slightly dusky feathers.

Abdomen with dark spots on dorsum. Forewings with subbasal dark speck. Indistinct oblique antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines angled below costa and arising from rufous patches or short bands on costa. There is a dark speck found at the end of the cell.

It is 30–36 cm in length, with the female larger than the male. Adult has prominent black wing tips. The male is grey above, white below and has red eyes. Female has rufous on breast and underwing coverts, and yellow eyes.

The Mangareva kingfisher has a cream-coloured head and neck, with blue ear-coverts, a white chin and frequently a rufous band across the breast. The crown has a variable amount of blue feathers. Mantle, back, rump, wings and tail are blue.

Large-billed parrotlets nest in tree cavities or similar places. They have been known to use the abandoned nests of rufous horneros and other unrelated species. Females lay 3-7 small white eggs, which are incubated for approximately 18 days before hatching.

The underparts, head, neck are a dull rufous without the brown streaking. Both sexes have disproportionately large bills. The juvenile male is similar to the adult male but has finer streaking on the upperparts. The young female is similar to an adult.

The rufous-and-white wren (Thryophilus rufalbus) is a small songbird of the wren family. It is a resident breeding species from southwesternmost Mexico to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela. It was formerly placed in the genus Thryothorus (Mann et al., 2006).

It is a large, slender kestrel with long, narrow wings and tail. It is long with a wingspan of and a weight of . The female is 3% larger than the male. The plumage is dark rufous above and below with black streaks.

The breeding ranges of the rufous-thighed and sharp-shinned hawk is entirely allopatric. This allopatry combined with differences in plumage (see appearance) and, apparently, certain measurements, has been the background for the split, but hard scientific data are presently lacking (AOU).

Rufous-thighed hawks construct a stick nest. Clutches of 3 to 8 eggs have been recorded, but 4 to 5 eggs is the typical clutch size. The eggs measure and weigh about . The incubation period is thought to average at about 30 days.

Forewings with veins 10 and 11 stalked. Body brownish ochreous, thickly irrorated (speckled) with rufous brown. Forewings with antemedial, medial, and postmedial specks series, where the latter with a brownish patch at the middle. There is an indistinct pale waved submarginal line present.

In the southern Western Ghats, the race ceylonensis is darker and more rufous on the underside and has a longer bill. Jerdon's bush lark has paler, greyish-brown underparts. The song of Jerdon's bush lark is a dry rattle given from its perch.

The ears are pointed at the tips. It has a brown coat with a white underside and buttocks. There is a broad band across the flanks and another faint rufous one below it. A posterior band and facial stripe is also present.

The fairy martin is dumpy and square tailed. It averages 12 cm long and weighs 11 g. The adult has an iridescent blue back, brown wings and tail, a rufous crown and nape, and a whitish rump. The underparts are dull white.

The pale-chinned blue flycatcher or Brook's flycatcher (Cyornis poliogenys) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is a sparrow-sized bird. Male is bluish-grey on upper parts, rufous throat and white below. Its nesting season is April–June.

The underparts are rufous-chestnut or sienna. The beak is black, and the legs are grey or black. The female has a shorter tail than the male. The juvenile bird's head and breast are buffish-brown, and its back has orange-buff spots.

The Apurímac brushfinch or Apurimac brushfinch (Atlapetes forbesi) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae. It is endemic to woodland and shrub in the Andes of southern Peru. It is sometimes included as a subspecies of the rufous-eared brush finch.

The rufous-tailed antbird (Drymophila genei) is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Although generally described as "common", it is becoming rare due to habitat loss.

The rufous-crowned elaenia (Elaenia ruficeps) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

The call may be harsher and more varied than for the eastern towhee. The form that breeds on Socorro Island is much smaller than other rufous-sided towhees, and has gray upperparts. It is sometimes split as the Socorro towhee (Pipilo socorroensis).

The rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) is a small hummingbird, about long with a long, straight and slender bill. These birds are known for their extraordinary flight skills, flying during their migratory transits. It is one of seven species in the genus Selasphorus.

The size of the shell varies between 3 mm and 10 mm. The small, solid, elevated shell has an ovate-conic shape. It is white, with a series of about 10 rufous spots near the suture. The five whorls form a conical spire.

Forewings reddish-brown with dark stria. There is a pale patch at base of inner margin and an indistinct antemedial angulate line. An irregularly waved medial line with pale outer edge and sometimes tinged with purple and rufous. Some vinous patches beyond it.

The rufous-necked sparrowhawk (Accipiter erythrauchen) is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is endemic to the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

The middle breast and upper belly are orange-buff and the lower belly is rufous. The iris is orange-red, and the bill and legs are black. Male and female adults are identical in external appearance. Can be confused with the superb starling.

Head of a female (C P Cory, 1901) The Narcondam hornbill is a small hornbill at long. The sexes differ in plumage. The male has a rufous head and neck, black body and upper parts glossed with green. Females are all black.

Identical to males but the flanks are a brighter rufous-brown, and not as distinctly pale compared to the upperparts. The legs may be a slightly paler grey with stronger purplish tinge. Females are slightly smaller overall and have a finer bill.

The island is home to endangered flora such as Brachychiton incanus and a variety of birdlife such as rufous night heron, little eagle, brown falcon, whimbrel, tawny frogmouth, great bowerbird and rainbow bee-eater. The agile wallaby is commonly sighted on the island.

The white-bellied treepie (Dendrocitta leucogastra) is a bird of the crow family endemic to the forests of southern India. They overlap in distribution in some areas with the rufous treepie but are easily to tell apart both from appearance and call.

A few currently recognise only some of the rufous sparrows as separate from the great sparrow, but the Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International recognise the Socotra sparrow, Kenya sparrow, Kordofan sparrow, and Shelley's sparrow as separate species.

The Hebrew character (Orthosia gothica) is a moth in the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found throughout Europe. The forewings of this species are greyish to rufous brown.

Pterogonia episcopaliss head and thorax are violaceous grey with a few brown scales. Its abdomen is pale brown with slight whitish segmental hues. The claspers are fringed with rufous hair. The ventral surface is whitish except towards the extremity of the species.

Reniform broken up into a number of tessellated spots with pale edges, and with rufous marks on the costa above it. A double straight postmedial line angled below the costa. Abdomen and hindwings are fuscous. Hindwings have traces of a medial pale line.

Adults dark-green. Forewings with the rufous suffusion confined to the medial area, sometimes to its costal half. Both wings with the postmedial line prominently black with white outer edge, on forewing more evenly curved and waved. Submarginal pale waved line more prominent.

Callopistria repleta is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. The forewings are contrastingly patterned in white, rufous, dark brown and grey with a mauvish tinge. The larvae feed on ferns.

The rufous-bellied bolo mouse is native to the eastern slopes of the Andes in central and southern Bolivia and northern Argentina. Its typical habitat is puna grassland in dry valleys. In Bolivia it occurs between about , and in Argentina, between about .

Ptychopseustis molybdogramma is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are pale creamy yellow suffused with rufous, the costal edge blackish towards the base.

The rufous-shafted woodstar (Chaetocercus jourdanii) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago and far northeastern Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and heavily degraded former forest.

The male's plumage is mostly dark slaty-blue, with rufous patches on its wings. The male has a black beak, a brown head, and a black and white throat. There is a white patch on its breast. Its flight feathers are brown.

The rufous-throated partridge (Arborophila rufogularis) is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in montane forests in India and Southeast Asia. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a least-concern species.

Micardia pulchra is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878. It is found in Korea and Japan. The length of the forewings is 13–15 mm. The forewings are rufous brown mixed with ochreous.

Reniform broken up into a number of tessellated spots with pale edges, and with rufous marks on the costa above it. A double straight postmedial line angled below the costa. Abdomen and hindwings are fuscous. Hindwings have traces of a medial pale line.

Protodeltote distinguenda is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Otto Staudinger in 1888. It is found in Korea, Taiwan and Japan. The length of the forewings is 9–13 mm. The forewings are dark brown, sprinkled with rufous.

Protodeltote inexpectata is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Ueda in 1984. It is found in Japan. The length of the forewings is 10–12 mm. The forewings are dark brown sparsely mixed with white, fuscous and rufous.

Rohwer, S., & Paulson, D. R. (1987). The avoidance-image hypothesis and color polymorphism in Buteo hawks. Ornis Scandinavica, 285–290. The most common type of steppe buzzard is the rufous morph which gives this subspecies its scientific name (vulpes is Latin for "fox").

The plumage is dull and mainly grey or brown with paler underparts. The head is variably patterned with several species having rufous patches on the crown or white between the bill and eye. The birds have simple calls and are often silent.

A few birds are known to use the nests of insects within which they create a cavity in which they lay their eggs. These include the rufous woodpecker which nests in the arboreal nests of Crematogaster ants and the collared kingfisher which uses termite nests.

When rufous vangas, which generally forage within a meter (yard) or so of the ground, are present in the same mixed-species flocks as Malagasy paradise flycatchers, the latter preferentially follow the vangas, and therefore forage closer to the ground than they normally do.

The rufous-headed parrotbill was alternatively considered as a member of the Old World babblers family, Timaliidae, or in a distinct family Paradoxornithidae, but is now classified with the Sylviid babblers by the IOC. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the white-breasted parrotbill.

They measure 15 cm and weigh 16 to 19 g. The plumage of the forehead, throat and upper breast is coloured deep rufous-chestnut. The crown and upperparts are a shiny steel-blue. Flight and tail feathers are black, the latter with large white windows.

The rufous-tailed stipplethroat is endemic to the moist tropical forests of northern South America. Its range includes western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. This bird occurs in the lower and middle storeys of the forest at altitudes of up to .

The rufous-necked snowfinch (Pyrgilauda ruficollis) is a species of bird in the sparrow family. From North Sikkim, India. It is found in Tibet and adjacent areas of central China; it winters south to Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. Its natural habitat is temperate grassland.

The rufous-webbed bush tyrant (Polioxolmis rufipennis) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is monotypic within the genus Polioxolmis. It is found mostly in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru with a few records in Chile,eBird Basic Dataset. Version: EBD_relMay-2016.

The bill is large and black. Juvenile birds have a darker crown, the rufous areas are brighter and the spots are reduced or absent. The species conforms with Bergmann's rule, with birds closer to the Equator having smaller wings and bills than those further away.

The Altai accentor (Prunella himalayana) is a species of bird in the family Prunellidae. It is also known as the rufous-streaked accentor or Himalayan accentor. It breeds in the Altai Mountains of western mongolia; it winters in the southern Tian Shan and Himalayan ranges.

The rufous-capped spinetail (Synallaxis ruficapilla) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is found in the southern Atlantic Forest. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

The white-faced plover grows to a length of about . It has a rounded head with a white fore-crown and a white supercilium. The crown is pale rufous brown upper parts are pale brownish-grey. The hind collar, throat and underparts are white.

The SADS-CoV in the pigs was found to be 98.48% genetically identical to one collected in anal swabs from 2013–2016 of the Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus), Least horseshoe bat (Rhinolopus pusillus), king horseshoe bat (Rhinolopus rex), intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolopus affinus).

The rufous-vented chachalaca is a largely arboreal species found in forest and woodland, but it is also found in more open dry scrubby areas. This combined with relatively low hunting pressure, make it far less vulnerable than larger members of the family, notably curassows.

Rufous morph Tawny frogmouths are large, big-headed birds that can measure from long. Weights have been recorded up to in the wild (and perhaps even more in captivity), but these are exceptionally high."Nightjars and Their Allies" by David Holyoak. Oxford University Press (2001), .

Achalinus rufescens, also known as rufous burrowing snake and Boulenger's odd- scaled snake, is a species of snake in the family Xenodermatidae. The species is found in Northern Vietnam and southern and southeastern China, including Hong Kong and Hainan, as far east as Zhejiang.

The Atherton antechinus (Antechinus godmani), also known as Godman's antechinus, is a species of small carnivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is one of the rarest members of its genus, and differs from other antechinuses in its more rufous body colour and small eyes.

Heliconias are an important food source for forest hummingbirds, especially the hermits (Phathornithinae), some of which - such as the rufous-breasted hermit (Glaucis hirsuta) - also use the plant for nesting. The Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba) also lives in tents it makes from heliconia leaves.

The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 43 mm. The pyramidal-conical shell is imperforate, flesh-colored, variegated and punctate with rufous. The whorls are plano-concave, sculptured with transverse subgranulate alternately smaller and larger lirae. The granules are reddish brown.

Adult trilling gnatwrens are in length and weigh . They have a long, thin bill and a short cocked tail. The upperparts are grey-brown, with rufous on the sides of the head. The throat is white, shading to buff on the rest of the underparts.

Acleris bergmanniana, the yellow rose button moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from most of Europe to the eastern Palearctic realm.Fauna Europaea The wingspan is 12–15 mm.microlepidoptera.nl The forewings are marked with metallic blue-grey striations, edged with rufous.

The rufous-fronted bushtit is 11 cm long. The adult has grey upperparts and reddish-brown underparts. The head is reddish- buff with a black mask and a silver bib with black streaks and a black edge. Juveniles are paler and duller than the adults.

The validity and taxonomic status of Phaethornis longuemareus aethopyga Zimmer, 1950 (Trochilidae). Auk 126: 604-612. This small hermit has rufous underparts, rump and tail-tips, white to the base of the tail, and a dark throat. Females are paler and longer-tailed than males.

The call is a loud wheeoo. The Cape rockjumper male has rufous red underparts, and the female and young are darker buff below than in C. aurantius. This is a ground-nesting species which forages on rocky slopes and scree. It frequently perches on rocks.

It has been suggested that this may warrant full species status. The plumage on the upper parts is dark black brown barred with white. The wing coverts have white and rufous patches. The primaries and secondaries are dark brown and barred with pale chestnut.

Rufous-necked laughingthrush generally feed on insects but have generalist bills and can feed on seeds molluscs and berries as well. Due to this generalist feeding behavior food sources are not as difficult to come by for these laughingthrushes as they are for specialists.

The rufous-browed flycatcher (Anthipes solitaris) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It was formerly placed in the genus Ficedula.

Both sexes are brown with a rufous breast and a lightly barred back. The male has a long white streak on both sides on his neck and noticeable white edging on his throat. The female has a lighter breast and lacks the white edging.

The ochre-collared monarch or rufous-collared monarch (Arses insularis) is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae. It is found in Yapen and northern New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The rufous-tailed babbler (Moupinia poecilotis) is a bird species in the family Sylviidae. It is very closely related to the Paradoxornithidae. It is endemic to central China. The genus Moupinia was introduced by the French ornithologists Armand David and Émile Oustalet in 1877.

The species has a distinctive yellowish supercilium and rufous crown. The throat is yellowish with brown streaks. Call is a loud repeated chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk-chonk somewhat reminiscent of a common tailorbird. They forage in small flocks and creep and clamber in low vegetation.

The genus Garrulax was erected by the French naturalist René Lesson in 1831. The type species was designated in 1961 as the rufous-fronted laughingthrush (Garrulax rufifrons). The name of the genus is from the Latin garrulus "babbling". The genus previously included more species.

Cross-section of the syconium of a female creeping fig. The receptacle forms a hollow chamber, its inner wall (white) covered by a shell of rufous florets. Their long and curled, white styles occupy the centre. Each floret will produce a fruit and seed.