In fashion Photographed for Vogue in 1971, Lauren Hutton looked fresh and feminine in David Webb's fluted rock crystal and coral cuffs and rock crystal and diamond ear clips.
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Craftsmanship A Boucheron artisan carving a piece of rock crystal.
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Maison Auclert Paris antique rock crystal and diamond ring, $6,500, maisonauclert.com.
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The embellishments of rock crystal were hand-embroidered by François Lesage's ateliers.
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Innovation Suzanne Belperron was daring in her sculpting of hard stones like rock crystal.
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A series of decorative objects blending rock crystal and hard stones is another pet project.
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The necklace was made with platinum, emeralds, rock crystal, onyx, black lacquer and diamonds, according to Forbes.
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The humble rock crystal shares the transparency and light-reflecting properties of diamonds but without the price tag.
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The sale included carvings made of jade, rock crystal, agate and bamboo, as well as lacquerware and cloisonné enamel vessels.
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Or a multicolored enamel giraffe, its head poking through a rock-crystal cloud, set in gold and finished with diamonds.
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The second, $19403,000 chandelier earrings, had a cosmic quality with stacks of rock crystal, diamonds, blue sapphire globes and sodalite drops.
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The sculptural qualities of rock crystal suited Mr. Webb's bold aesthetic and complemented the clean lines of the James Galanos gown.
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In this 1950s portrait, she wore a minimalist neck ring with a rock crystal orb hanging like a drop of water.
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Animal brooches Vhernier creates unusual plays of light and color, as well as volume, by layering rock crystal over opaque gems.
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For instance, a pair of 18th-century Southern German rock crystal candlesticks soared to €296,2220 with fees, 23.3 times the upper estimate.
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In addition, a yellow-gold necklace and bracelet have been set with rock crystal, or with a lapis lazuli and diamond combination.
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The first piece that Ms. Bulsara bought for her collection was a frosted rock crystal calling card case by the French maker Lacloche Frères.
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She recently created a Hashtag cuff, a titanium and white gold patchwork of hashtag symbols accented with red cabochon spinels, rock crystal and diamonds.
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Creation The Flocon Impérial necklace from Boucheron's Hiver Impérial collection conjures up Russia's icy expanses by setting diamonds into a snowflake of rock crystal.
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One particularly clever design survives from an eyeglasses store: the double-sided placard features golden lacquer frames embedded with convex, clear rock crystal lenses.
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One of the most prized works on view in Relative Values is a rock crystal bird from Germany adorned with ruby eyes and gilded silver legs.
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Some call for silver aircraft to crash on the stage, and for chrome-color walls to be sliced by lasers to reveal a surface of rock crystal.
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But she struggled to find a good lapidary to transform her vision of "a beautiful emerald floating in a sea of rock crystal" into a luxe ring.
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Ms. Morgenthaler's pieces are recognizable for the contrast between their dark metal bases and gemstones like tourmalines, spinels, indicolite, rock crystal or diamonds, most in muted shades.
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Inside, the Mediterranean-style mansion is decked out with hand-laid mosaic floors, carved limestone ceilings and a pair of 18th-century chandeliers with amethyst and rock crystal.
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Carved from limestone and colored with a layer of gypsum plaster, the life-sized bust was rendered with exquisite precision: high cheekbones, distinguished nose, and one rock crystal eye.
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Cynthia S. Williams, a scholar in New York who is working with Mr. Evans's curatorial team, is searching for glassware and rock crystal carvings in museums and private collections.
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Man has carved the colorless, transparent variety of quartz since ancient times: A pair of Greek rock crystal bracelets from the fourth century B.C. are at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
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To the right of the entrance hall, several steps lead down to a half bathroom with Italian marble walls and a rock-crystal sink, and to a combination TV room and office.
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It is encrusted with dramatic stones of deeply pigmented rock crystal and garnet in a cross pattern; it makes a statement but is casual enough to be worn with sportswear on a Sunday afternoon.
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His one-of-a-kind decorative objects include the gemlike rock crystal lanterns and panel screens in his Left Bank gallery (come January, that small space will expand to include a store next door).
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In a next door salon the color of candy floss, was a selection of pieces in frosted diamonds and rock crystal, set amid bonbons and jelly beans, for those who like something sweet to finish.
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This jacket was titled "Hommage à ma maison" — "Tribute to my couture house" — and its rock-crystal and gilt embellishments superficially resemble the mirrors and chandeliers of Yves Saint Laurent's couture salons at 5 Avenue Marceau.
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She eventually found a Belgian lapidary in the Hatton Garden area of London to execute the piece, which featured a 6.41-carat emerald set in an octagonal bezel of 18-karat yellow gold on a pedestal of rock crystal.
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The standout Flocon Impérial necklace, from the snowflake-inspired Lumière de Nuit theme, took 2,700 hours to make — there is an intricate diamond pavé on its rock crystal shards (a favorite material of the house's creative director, Claire Choisne).
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Made in the 1500s when rock crystal was worth its weight in gold, it demonstrates both the talent of the sculptor in carving the extremely hard material into a realistic bird, as well as the era's enthusiasm toward the natural world.
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In recent years, he worked with Patrick Goossens to bolster his family-run company, best known for originating the rock crystal sautoirs and Byzantine-inspired cuffs favored by Coco Chanel (Goossens was acquired by the Chanel fashion house in 2005).
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Using a color combination that recalls the Art Deco era, when Jacques Cartier first imagined the mythical creature, the carved opaque-finish rock crystal head contrasts with the intense hues and smooth cabochon cuts of its coral eyes and emerald crest.
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But he has an intense psychological presence in the smooth rendering of his deeply knit brow, gaping mouth revealing tongue and teeth, and bugged-out eyes made of rock crystal with pupils painted on the reverse, a signature innovation of the period.
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"These women wore necklaces made from sometimes hundreds of amber, glass, and rock crystal beads, used personal items such as tweezers, carried fabric bags held open by elephant ivory rings, and wore exquisitely decorated brooches to fasten their clothing," said Willmott in the press release.
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And many have a whimsical quality, like a pair designed with rock crystal drops taken from an actual antique chandelier and cut down to size, then encircled by a blackened metal ring and suspended from a series of fine chains, all speckled with tiny natural pearls.
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Indeed, if the 47-year-old decorator has a single governing aesthetic, it's exuberance: Consider his downtown New York City townhouse, where a red velvet banquette punctuates the Schiaparelli-pink living room, and a set of double doors are covered in zebra hide and detailed with rock crystal handles.
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Never afraid to mix high and low materials (think diamonds and pearls with warthog tusks and chunks of carved rock crystal) or to draw on African tribal influences (as in a boldly sculptural double coronet cuff of aquamarine, rubies and gold), Belperron's jewelry is less about glittering gems than design.
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A secret watch, with a white and black diamond husky perched on a white-jade ice ledge and looking into a rock-crystal lake, was a highlight, as was a 1920s-style headband, the Lumière de Nacre, made from 574 round diamonds set in mother-of-pearl and white gold.
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Advertised as a "contemporary cabinet of curiosities," the store resembles an outré natural history museum with artist-made products like armored copper lamps standing on brass octopus tentacles and hawk's feet; bird and snake specimens mounted in frames as art; and rings cradling large chunks of rock crystal and pyrite.
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Frouwkje and Stéphane Pagani and their team of 10 get alabaster from Italy and rock crystal from Brazil, and they combine these and other stones with bronze and wood to produce light fixtures that have ended up at the Obama White House and the just-opened Tavern by WS in Hudson Yards.
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After nearly 12,000 steps (about six miles), my final stop was a new, almost vault-like gallery tucked under the eaves in the North Tower, showcasing one final surprise: a collection of nearly 150 exquisite hardstone-and-rock-crystal goblets, platters and other objects adorned with gold and silver and known as the Dauphin's Treasure.
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Designed with numerological significance, the line's staples include hexagonal stacking rings studded with gem accents; an 18-karat gold chain of hexagonal and marquise-shaped links; crosses fashioned from hard stones such as lapis lazuli, malachite and turquoise and strung on 18-karat gold chains; and a signet ring, much like her award-winning On the Rocks, featuring a shank sculpted from sandblasted rock crystal and personalized with a letter or symbol.
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According to the press release, the new acquisitions include: a monumental Avalokiteshvara Buddhist sculpture from China (11th–12th century); four tapestries depicting "The Hunts of Maximilian" from an original drawing by Bernard van Orley from France (1665–1674); a Japanese Samurai armor (18th century); a rare conical helmet from Mongolia or China (13th–14th century); a Phoenix-headed Ewer from the Tang Dynasty, China (8th century); a rock crystal knife with a jeweled parrot from India (c.
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She had already broken a rock-crystal flask in her attempts to unstopper it.
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Rock crystal ewers are pitchers carved from a single block of rock crystal. They were made by Islamic Fatimid artisans and are considered to be amongst the rarest objects in Islamic art.Fatimid Rock Crystal Ewers, Most Valuable Objects in Islamic Art There are a few that survived and are now in collections across Europe. They are often in cathedral treasuries, where they were rededicated after being captured from their original Islamic settings.
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The Eleanor of Aquitaine vase, at the Louvre Museum. A rock crystal vase is a vase made of rock crystal, a type of hardstone carving. Such vases were rare, expensive, and decorated with gold and jewels, used by royalty in Europe. A rock crystal vase {fr} that probably originated in the seventh century was given to William IX of Aquitaine (the Troubadour) by a Muslim ally (probably Abd al-Malik Imad ad-DawlaG.
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The use of relatively large cells of enamel to create a figurative image is an innovation in Anglo-Saxon art, following Byzantine or Carolingian examples, as is the use of rock crystal as a "see-through" cover.Webster 2012, 156. The rock crystal piece may be recycled from a Roman object.
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Made in Egypt in the late 10th century, the ewer pictured is exquisitely decorated with fantastic birds, beasts and twisting tendrils. The Treasure of Caliph Mostansir-Billah at Cairo, which was destroyed in 1062, apparently contained 1800 rock crystal vessels. Great skill was required to hollow out the raw rock crystal without breaking it and to carve the delicate, often very shallow, decoration.
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Rock Crystal (; 1845) is a novella by Austrian writer Adalbert Stifter, about two missing children on Christmas Eve. It influenced Thomas MannRoman S. Struc. 'The Threat of Chaos: Stifter's Bergkristall and Thomas Mann's "Schnee"', Modern Language Quarterly 1963 24(4):323-332; and others with its "suspenseful, simple, myth-like story and majestic depictions of nature."Greg W., "Introduction", Rock Crystal, LibriVox.
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In the middle of the back of the cross, there is a small rock crystal window with another part of the wood from Christ's cross.
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Circumstantial cases may be made linking Sharma with the trade in rock crystal from Madagascar and Dembeni, with the reprocessing of rough processed sugar cane from the Comoros, and with the Indian Ocean trade in African slaves. High-value African goods like ivory, rock crystal and gold were probably stored at Sharma for pickup by Indian merchants. There may have been African slaves resident in Sharma.
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Inside there is a watch pendant, the dial is partly hidden by decorations in the shape of ice crystals placed on the case, made of opalescent rock crystal.
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The necklace of clear rock-crystal, still commonly worn by wet-nurses, is a survival of the belief in the lactific virtue of this variety of limpid quartz.
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The Peacock egg is a jewel and rock crystal Easter egg made by Dorofeiev under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1908. It was made for Nicholas II of Russia, who presented the egg to his mother, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, in 1908. The transparent egg is composed of rock crystal and gilt silver wire, and is quite simple in style. The genius of the egg lay in its surprise.
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Gemstones from throughout the world are to be found in Idar-Oberstein, but the whole industry was begun by finds in the local area. These include agate, jasper and rock crystal.
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1 (1904), pp. 431–2; archive.org. Humphry Davy wrote on a rock crystal he found in Turner's collection. As a compliment to Turner, Lévy named a rare mineral "turnerite", also called "pictite".
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Quartz on albite Marilac, Minas Gerais, Southeast Region, Brazil Quartz (var. amethyst) included with hematite Quartz (var. rock crystal) #Qandilite (spinel, spinel: IMA1980-046) 4.BB.05 #Qaqarssukite-(Ce) (IMA2004-019) 5.
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The eagle and three of Suger's other liturgical vessels—Queen Eleanor's vase and King Roger's decanter, both of rock crystal, and a sardonyx ewer—ended up in the Galerie d'Apollon at the Louvre.
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Poet W. H. Auden called Rock Crystal "a quiet and beautiful parable about the relation of people to places, of man to nature."Wystan Hugh Auden, Edward Mendelson. Prose: 1939-1948: Volume 2, Page 254.
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Rhinestones on a tiara Rowenta enamel rhinestone compact A rhinestone, paste or diamante is a diamond simulant originally made from rock crystal but since the 19th century from crystal glass or polymers such as acrylic.
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British Museum Collection Bird, probably a goose, carved in rock crystal. The hamsa was also used extensively in the art of Gandhara, in conjunction with images of the Shakyamuni Buddha. It is also deemed sacred in the Buddhadharma.
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Natural corundum does not form this way and lacks the curved striations. Three inclusion phases in rock crystal quartz Inclusions can help gemologists to determine whether or not a gemstone is natural, synthetic or treated (i.e. fracture-filled or heated).
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His future wife was chosen from amongst the older women but he was not allowed to marry her until after his final initiation stage. Wilyaru: At about the age of twenty, a Peramangk man was ready to undergo his final initiation into full adulthood. He would be taken off to a sacred place far from the main camps of his family group and would be tattooed (Mangka Bakkendi - to make incisions in the body) across his shoulders and chest with a sharpened, sacred piece of rock crystal (Kauwemuka: large rock crystal which Aboriginal men conceal from women and young men until the latter are tattooed the last time, which ceremony is performed with small splinters of the rock crystal). Eyre described the various stages of that long and painful process, during which time the young man would live apart from his family and travel o all the different places sacred to his people.
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Goossens became the first to set it into pieces of jewelry; he felt that its delicate and inexpensive attributes were well suited to costume jewelry. He also utilized bronze, shells, pearls, colored and, as mentioned, natural rock crystal in necklace, brooch, bracelet and earring designs.
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The township is very rich in fish and mineral resources, and as many as 30 kinds of mineral which are found there, including coal, iron, chromium, iron, copper, zinc, antimony, molybdenum, gold dust, rock gold, borax, platinum, silver, rock crystal, jade, mica, salt, oil, etc.
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How Henry II came into possession of this agate bowl is not known for certain, but the sources report that Byzantine delegations brought him gifts.Silke Schomburg: Der Ambo Heinrichs II. im Aachener Dom. p. 48. According to one view in the scholarship, it was part of the dowry of Theophanu – the bride of Otto II. There is also a rock crystal cup and bowl which are probably Eastern work of the late tenth or eleventh century AD. Such rock crystal work found very great popularity north of the Alps and was soon imported from the Eastern Mediterranean in great quantity.Silke Schomburg: Der Ambo Heinrichs II. im Aachener Dom. p. 69.
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They decorated it with white lightning. They decorated it with white corn. They decorated it with dark clouds that make male rain. From stones they had brought they fashioned , Rock Crystal Boy,There is little agreement concerning the names of the immortals dwelling on each sacred mountain.
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For these two exhibitions, Oudin-Charpentier published catalogues that described in detail the pieces shown [9],[10]. Among them were the "Duchesse" clocks (Nos. 17 and 18, 1862); a rock crystal châtelaine and watch (No. 24, 1862); a pocket chronometer with remontoir and equation table (No.
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The lens is said to be able to focus sunlight although the focus is far from perfect. Because the lens is made from natural rock crystal the material of the lens has not deteriorated significantly over time. The Nimrud lens is on display in the British Museum.
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This relic made Amiens a major pilgrimage destination, and gave it an important source of revenue (The reliquary was destroyed during the French Revolution but a recreation made in 1876 by a Paris jeweler, using some of the original rock crystal, is displayed today in the Cathedral treasury).
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Both Yazzie (1971) and Hastiin Tlo'tsi Hee (p. 25) place Yoolgai Ashkii (White Bead Boy) on Sisnaajiní, and he is mentioned in the Mountain Top Chant, recorded by Matthews in 1887 and Tséghádiʼnídíinii atʼééd, Rock Crystal Girl, to reside there forever.Zolbrod, pp. 86-89; Hastiin Tlo'tsi Hee pp.
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Egyptian carving of rock crystal into vessels appears in the late 10th century, and virtually disappears after about 1040. There are a number of these vessels in the West, which apparently came on the market after the Cairo palace of the Fatimid Caliph was looted by his mercenaries in 1062, and were snapped up by European buyers, mostly ending up in church treasuries.Fatimid Rock Crystal Ewers, Most Valuable Objects in Islamic Art From later periods, especially the hugely wealthy Ottoman and Mughal courts, there are a considerable number of lavish objects carved in semi-precious stones, with little surface decoration, but inset with jewels. Such objects may have been made in earlier periods, but few have survived.
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Fatimid rock crystal ewer in Italian gold and enamel mount, acquired in 2008 for over £3 million for the Keir Collection Rock crystal artefacts flourished during the Fatimid period in Egypt (969-1171). Because of the difficulty of working with the very hard medium, only the caliph and his immediate court could afford these objets d'art, which varied in size from small animal forms to large vessels. In 1068, however, the large collection of treasures in the Caliph's palace in al-Qahira (now part of modern-day Cairo) was dispersed throughout the medieval world as the result of a revolt by the unpaid army. Very few items from the reportedly large collection survive.
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Several of these rare sculpted rock crystals came to form parts of reliquaries in Medieval church treasuries, in mountings made for gold and precious stones. De Unger acquired several rock crystal pieces from this period for his collection including a fine vessel decorated with palmettes, set in an elaborate gold casing with handles formed of foliage and winged dragons. Other smaller items in the collection include several bottles, possibly intended for dispensing scent, and a bead in the form of a crouching hare, possibly intended as a charm. In October 2008 an 11th-century Fatimid rock crystal ewer was acquired for the Keir Collection at a public auction in Christie's by de Unger's son, Richard, for over £3 million.
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Lavishly filled with what Faxian refers to as the seven precious substances (the : gold, silver, lapis lazuli, rock crystal, rubies, diamonds or emeralds, and agate). and prominently displaying an image of the Buddha with two Boddhisatvas on the side, one carriage was carried per day throughout the two-week holiday.
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There are exposed marine cave systems between Berry Head and Sharkham Point. Between Black Head and Anstey's Cove is Torbay's largest outcrop of igneous rock. Crystal Cove has a 25 metre wide zone of calcite. Kents Cavern and Brixham Cavern contained fossils of the now extinct woolly rhinoceros and cave lion.
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The surprise is a detailed replica of the Alexander Palace, the Russian Imperial family's favorite residence in Tsarskoye Selo. The tiny replica also details the adjoining gardens of the palace. The miniature is made of tinted gold and enamel. The windows are made of rock crystal, the roof of enameled light green.
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The Rock Crystal egg or Revolving Miniatures egg is an Imperial Fabergé egg, one in a series of fifty-two jeweled eggs made under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé for the Russian Imperial family. It was created in 1896 for Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. The egg currently resides in the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.
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A microscopic picture of a fluid inclusion (non- permeable enhydro) showing a dark vapor bubble trapped in quartz. The term three phase relates to the three phases of matter, solid, liquid, and gas. This is a three phase inclusion in rock crystal quartz. The solid is a black material that is of bituminous origin.
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Patrick Dudgeon c.1870 The Patrick Dudgeon Memorial Hall at Islesteps Patrick Dudgeon of Cargen FRSE DL (1817–1895) was a Scottish landowner, mineralogist and meteorologist. He was co-founder with Matthew Forster Heddle of the Mineralogical Society in Great Britain in 1876. He had a specialist interest in minerals embedded in rock crystal.
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It has a 'double' iron gate facing north. > Inside the fortress are between forty and fifty rooms for the garrison. ... > Inside the fortress is the Mosque of Sinan Pasha, an artistically > constructed work, with a lead roof, full of light. Its windows have light > blue glass enamel fixed symmetrically with rock crystal and crystal(?).
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The range of goods produced in late-17th century Birmingham, and its international reputation, were illustrated by the French traveller Maximilien Misson who visited Milan in 1690, finding "fine works of rock crystal, swords, heads of canes, snuff boxes, and other fine works of steel", before remarking "but they can be had better and cheaper at Birmingham".
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Between the longitudinal walls occasional tie stones connect the walls together. Some tie stones have large, loose stones placed on them to support work planks. The local film crew noticed rock crystal formation taking place, associated with the moist air inside and a rotting wooden platform. They also noticed some thin wood or iron pieces connecting the walls.
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As a wedding present she gave Louis a rock crystal vase {fr}, currently on display at the Louvre. Louis gave the vase to the Basilica of St Denis. This vase is the only object connected with Eleanor of Aquitaine that still survives. Louis's tenure as count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine and Gascony lasted only a few days.
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Natural light comes from large windows in its east and west walls. Each wall has three round-arched windows, about high, identical in size and shape to the three on the terminal's south facade. Catwalks, used mostly for maintenance, run across the east and west windows. Their floors are made of semi-transparent rock crystal, cut two inches () thick.
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The Golden Bed is a large bed, measuring long, high and wide. It is made from wood, gilded gold. The bed is decorated with carvings and 'fragments of illuminated manuscripts under glass and rock crystal'. Two mirrors are inset into the headboard, which features a painting by Thomas Weekes of the Judgement of Paris at its centre.
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3); Metropolitan Museum of Art (17th-century Italian lace, American silver vessels, 28.88.1a,b through 28.88.5); and the American Museum of Natural History (an 87-carat emerald, Persian Gulf and American pearls weighing 50 grains each, Egyptian amethysts, Chinese jade and rock crystal). Cockcroft family gifts of coins are at the American Numismatic Society (accession numbers mostly 1929.59.
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Egyptian mosque lamp with enamelled glass and gilding, 1360. Hedwig glass with eagle, Rijksmuseum, wheel-cut relief with hatched details, 12th-century. Imitating rock crystal and exported to Europe. The influence of the Islamic world to the history of glass is reflected by its distribution around the world, from Europe to China, and from Russia to East Africa.
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The town's silhouette is marked by the opposing rocks Ottenstein and Totenstein, which like the Schlossberg consist of Augen gneiss. Other stones include quartz (only some of it pure as rock crystal), biotite, muscovite and feldspar. The Schwarzenberg mining area is pervaded by ore veins of complex origin. Skarn deposits contain magnetite, iron pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena.
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Head of Bhairava is a mask belonging to Nepal’s Malla period. The sculpture, found in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal was created in the 16th century AD. This mask is made of gilt copper with rock crystal and paint. Bhairava () is a terrifying manifestation of Hindu god Shiva. Bhairava is considered as a destructive emanation in Hindu mythology.
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Structure of the New Green Vault Golden Coffee Service (1697–1701) Royal Household at Delhi (1701-1708) Bath of Diana (1705) The New Green Vault consists of 12 rooms: # Saal der Kunststücke (Hall of Works of Art): Treasures from the second half of the 16th century, such as "Drinking Vessel in the Shape of Daphne". # Mikro-Kabinett (Micro Cabinet): Masterpieces of micro-carving, such as the "Cherry Stone With 185 Carved Faces". # Kristall-Kabinett (Crystal Cabinet): Pieces made of rock crystal, such as a rock crystal galley with scenes from classical mythology that accompanied Augustus the Strong on the journey to his coronation in Poland. # Erster Raum des Kurfürsten (First Elector's Room): Treasures from the first half of the 17th century, such as the "Large Ivory Frigate Supported by Neptune".
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In the West production revived from the Carolingian period, when rock crystal was the commonest material. The Lothair Crystal (or Suzanna Crystal, British Museum, 11.5 cm diameter), clearly not designed for use as a seal, is the best known of 20 surviving Carolingian large intaglio gems with complex figural scenes, although most were used for seals.Kornbluth, 1, 4. Susanna Crystal, British Museum.
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Extended portion of the anatase lattice. Two growth habits of anatase crystals may be distinguished. The more common occurs as simple acute double pyramids with an indigo-blue to black color and steely luster. Crystals of this kind are abundant at Le Bourg-d'Oisans in Dauphiné, where they are associated with rock-crystal, feldspar, and axinite in crevices in granite and mica-schist.
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Baokang County has great volume of mineral resources. Twenty four types of mineral resources have been discovered in its area, twelve of which the potential volume of them were determined. Metal mineral resources in this area include iron, manganese, vanadium, copper, lead and zinc, multi-metal, and alumina. Non-metal mineral resources include phosphorus, coal, sulfur, calcite, rock crystal, barite, and fluorite.
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The Romanov Tercentenary egg is made of gold, silver, rose-cut and portrait diamonds, turquoise, purpurine, rock crystal, Vitreous enamel and watercolor painting on ivory. It is in height and in diameter. The egg celebrates the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty, the three hundred years of Romanov rule from 1613 to 1913. The outside contains eighteen portraits of the Romanov Tsars of Russia.
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The statue's round, peaceful face is almost lifelike thanks to the eyes, which were made using rock crystal and small copper plates; it is often cited as an example of the remarkable level of craftmanship and realism achieved during the late 4th Dynasty. From the same mastaba also came a wooden statue of a woman, commonly considered as Kaaper's wife (CG 33).
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The egg in 1902 with its original stand, now lost. The egg is made of yellow and varicoloured gold, silver, ruby enamel, rose-cut diamonds, portrait diamonds, platinum, ivory, pearls, rock crystal and watercolour on ivory. It commemorates Abastumani in Caucasus (Georgia) where Grand Duke George spent most of his life after being diagnosed with tuberculosis. Miniatures were done and signed by Krijitski.
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Charlotte is still in love with him when she visits mutual friend Fanny Assingham in London. Maggie invites her to the wedding, and at Maggie's request, Amerigo takes Charlotte to an antiques shop to look for a wedding gift. The proprietor Jarvis shows them a bowl, carved from a single piece of rock crystal which he asserts is flawless. Amerigo notices a crack.
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At left, a 14th-century representation of the wedding of Louis and Eleanor; at right, Louis leaving on Crusade. Eleanor's grandfather, William IX of Aquitaine, gave her this rock crystal vase, which she gave to Louis as a wedding gift. He later donated it to the Abbey of Saint-Denis. This is the only surviving artifact known to have belonged to Eleanor.
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The bed head and foot posts are surmounted by half orbs of rock crystal. The foot of the bed is inscribed with the Latin phrase 'VITA NOVA' ('New Life'), with the posts of the bed inscribed 'WILLIAM BURGES ME FIERI FECIT' ('William Burges Made Me') on the right, and 'ANNO DOMINI MDCCCLXXIX' ('In the Year of Our Lord 1879') on the left.
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The rock-crystal pendant is thought to be 5th or 6th century in date. The economic value of the hoard has proved difficult to establish, as much of it is still missing and is presumed hidden or sold. One collector who bought 16 of the coins estimated the value of the whole hoard to be as much as £3 million.
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The crystal skulls are a number of human skull hardstone carvings made of clear or milky quartz rock, known in art history as "rock crystal". They are often claimed to be pre-Columbian Mesoamerican artifacts by their alleged finders, however, none of the specimens made available for scientific study have been authenticated as pre-Columbian in origin.British Museum (n.d.-b), Jenkins (2004, p.
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The Battle of Pavia in an engraved rock crystal cameo relief commissioned by Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, by Giovanni Bernardi, Rome, c 1531–35 (Walters Art Museum) In Rome Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, who acted as Florentine emissary to Charles V in 1535, expressed support for the Emperor's victory by commissioning a rock crystal low relief in the manner of an Antique cameo, from the gem engraver Giovanni Bernardi. The classicizing treatment of the event lent it a timeless, mythic quality and reflected on the culture and taste of the patron. An oil- on-panel Battle of Pavia, painted by an anonymous Flemish artist, depicts the military engagement between the armies of Charles V and Francis I. Because of its detail, the painting is considered an accurate visual record, probably based on eyewitness accounts.Birmingham Museum of Art : guide to the collection.
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Horta-Osório is also a significant collector of Portuguese art, particularly works of art made under Portuguese patronage in maritime Asia from the 16th to the 18th century. The collection includes objects created in China, Japan and India (especially Gujarat), often in rare materials such as tortoiseshell, mother-of-pearl and ivory and rock crystal. It also features a number of early chess sets.
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The Saint-Denis Crystal is one of 20 or so engraved intaglios of rock crystal to survive from the Middle Ages. On the flat surface of the crystal is engraved the crucifixion of Christ, who is flanked by the Virgin Mary and Saint John who are holding clothes to their faces in expressions of grief. Above this scene are two images of the moon and the sun.
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Amulets were also turned into necklaces. In Ancient Crete necklaces were worn by all classes; peasants wore stones on flax thread while the wealthy wore beads of agate, pearl, carnelian, amethyst, and rock crystal. Pendants shaped into birds, animals, and humans were also worn, in addition to paste beads.left In Ancient Greece, delicately made gold necklaces created with repoussé and plaited gold wires were worn.
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Phantom crystal of quartz Phantom quartz is a variety of quartz, or "rock crystal", that forms over pre-existing crystals. The included crystal is visible due to some variation in composition making the boundary of the included crystal visible. Such crystals display the outlines of numerous smaller crystals, known as phantoms. Phantom quartz has been found in Austria, Brazil, Madagascar, Switzerland, and the United States.
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This sets it apart from rock crystal, amethyst, citrine, and the other varieties of crystalline quartz. Other members of the cryptocrystalline silica family include agate, carnelian, and onyx. Unlike many non-transparent silica minerals, it is the color of chrysoprase, rather than any pattern of markings, that makes it desirable. The word chrysoprase comes from the Greek χρυσός chrysos meaning 'gold' and πράσινον prasinon, meaning 'green'.
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Goossens's designs were heavily influenced by paintings and artifacts in Paris museums, with inspiration most often taken from Maltese, Byzantium, and Renaissance works. Over the years, he traveled extensively, frequently bringing back stones including sapphires, amethysts, rubies, coral, and chalcedony. Concerning rock crystal, after restoring a cross belonging to Madame Chanel, the stone became his favorite material. It is a clear and colorless variety of quartz.
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Pharaoh Rudamun of the 23rd Dynasty, 757-54 BC has his name in two cartouches showing the use of the bowstring hieroglyph, (only one uses the bowstring). A white rock crystal vase has two cartouches above the hieroglyphic symbol for union symbol (hieroglyph). One cartouche uses the bowstring hieroglyph and states his name: "A-mn-Rudj–A-mn- Mer", and is approximately: "Amun's Strength—Amun's Beloved".
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They often fished in the lake. They wore clothes made of woven flax and bark fibers. An incised ceramic vessel shows trade links to Valais and a rock crystal shows that they traded with other alpine villages. About half of their flint tools came from local flint sources, while the rest of the flint came from distant regions including, southern Germany, the southern Rhone Valley and Champagne.
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The blossoms of the rhododendrons on Gaoligongshan Mountain are exceptionally large. The Gaoligong Nature Reserve, renowned as a natural botanical garden, has over 1,400 species of higher plants, many rare and precious animals and medicinal plants. The area is the origin of R. giganteum forest at Tagg (a special rhododendron species) and Yunnan camellia. Mineral resources include iron, tin, lead, zinc, wolfram, uranium, diatomite, rock crystal.
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Brumado has rich deposits of magnesite, mineral talc and other minerals such as vermiculite, dolomite, rock crystal and granites of the most varied types. The mineral magnesite is the main product of the mining industry, and of all the mines of this open-air ore existing in the world, Brumado is the third largest. It also has the second largest mineral talc mine in Brazil.
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The Ritterkopf is a prominent mountain in Rauris, about 3 km north of the main chain of the Tauern Alps in Austria, and separates the valleys of Krumltal and Hüttwinkltal. On the mountainsides there are the sites of mineral deposits (rock crystal, pyrite, actinolite), some of which are tourist attractions. In the Ritterkar cirque (east of the summit) gold was mined in the 16th century.
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47 The egg's base sits on a plinth of rock crystal. The base consists of a colorfully enameled gold double spheroid which is circled twice with rose-cut diamonds. It has the monograms of the Tsarina, as the Princess Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt before her marriage, and later as Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress of Russia. Each monogram is surmounted with a diamond crown of the respective royal house.
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It was discovered in the 18th century, under the choir of Notre- Dame de Paris. Another ancient artifact that can be seen in the frigidarium is the Saint-Landry pillar. This pillar was sculpted in the second century on l'Île-de-la-Cité, and was discovered during the 19th century. There is more ancient art outside of the frigidarium, including two lion heads made from rock crystal.
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The Nimrud lens, also called Layard lens, is a 3000-year-old piece of rock crystal, which was unearthed in 1850 by Austen Henry Layard at the Assyrian palace of Nimrud, in modern-day Iraq. It may have been used as a magnifying glass, or as a burning-glass to start fires by concentrating sunlight, or it may have been a piece of decorative inlay.
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The Alfred Jewel on display in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, next to the Minster Lovell Jewel The inscription round the sides The Alfred Jewel is about long and is made of filigreed gold, enclosing a highly polished tear-shaped piece of clear quartz "rock crystal", beneath which is set a cloisonné enamel plaque, with an image of a man, perhaps Christ, with ecclesiastical symbols. The figure "closely resembles the figure of Sight in the Fuller Brooch, but it is most commonly thought to represent Christ as Wisdom or Christ in Majesty", according to Wilson,Wilson, 111 although Webster considers a personification of "Sight" a likely identification, also comparing it to the Fuller Brooch.Webster 2012, 154. Around the sides of the crystal there is a rim at the top that holds the rock crystal in place, above an openwork inscription: "AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN", meaning "Alfred ordered me made".
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During his Golden Jubilee from 2007–2008 marking 50 years of Imamate the Aga Khan commissioned a number of projects, renowned Pritzker Prize winning Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki was commissioned to design a new kind of community structure resembling an embassy in Canada, The "Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat" opened on 8 December 2008, the building will be composed of two large interconnected spaces an atrium and a courtyard. The atrium is an interior space to be used all year round. It is protected by a unique glass dome made of multi-faceted, angular planes assembled to create the effect of rock crystal the Aga Khan asked Maki to consider the qualities of "rock crystal" in his design, which during the Fatimid Caliphate was valued by the Imams. Within the glass dome is an inner layer of woven glass-fibre fabric which will appear to float and hover over the atrium.
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These floating buildings lead down to what appears to be an indoor garden surrounded by more buildings, this time located to the ground. These buildings are designed after eighth-century Chinese Palaces. Each of these buildings, as well as the trees in the garden, are made of the seven precious substances–gold, silver, lapis lazuli, rock crystal, coral, agate, and mother- of-pearl. Throughout the palaces are more enlightened figures meditating.
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The use of the term lead crystal remains popular for historical and commercial reasons. It is retained from the Venetian word cristallo to describe the rock crystal imitated by Murano glassmakers. This naming convention has been maintained to the present day to describe decorative hollow-ware. Lead crystal glassware was formerly used to store and serve drinks, but due to the health risks of lead, this has become rare.
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Made in the Rococo style, the Peter the Great Egg celebrated the two-hundredth anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg in 1703. It is made of red, green and yellow gold, platinum, rose-cut diamonds, rubies, enamel, rock crystal, and miniature watercolor portraits on ivory .The egg measures 4 by 3 (diameter) inches.Mieks – Fabergé Peter the Great Egg Executed in gold, the curves are set with diamonds and rubies.
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The object was discovered by archaeologist José García Payón during an excavation in 1933. It was a grave offering, found under three intact floors of a pyramidal structure. Along with the head were found a number of objects made of gold, copper, turquoise, rock crystal, jet, bone, shell and pottery. The burial was dated to between 1476 and 1510 AD. Payón did not publish information about the head itself until 1960.
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The Gatchina Palace egg opened to reveal the surprise. The piece with its original stand in 1902. The egg was created by Fabergé's workmaster, Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860–1903), and is crafted from gold, enamel, silver-gilt, portrait diamonds, rock crystal, and seed pearls. Detailed work around the palace in the surprise shows cannons, a flag, a statue of Paul I (1754-1801), and elements of the landscape.
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The egg is made of gold, green and white enamel, decorated with diamonds and rock crystal. The surface is divided into eighteen panels set with 16 miniatures. The egg's design commemorates the fifteenth anniversary of the coronation of Nicholas II on 26 May 1896. There is no "surprise" in the egg— contrary to the Tsar's explicit instructions with regard to these eggs and without explanation, apparently none was ever made.
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Rock crystal ewer from St. Denis' Abbey with Italian gold filigree lid, Louvre al-Zahir, 14th century gold mounting, Germanisches Nationalmuseum Bab al- Futuh gate built by Fatimid vazir Badr al-Jamali Fatimid art refers to Islamic artifacts and architecture from the Fatimid Caliphate (909-1171), principally in Egypt and North Africa. The Fatimid Caliphate was initially established in the Maghreb, with its roots in a ninth-century Shia Ismailist religious movement originating in Iraq and Iran. Many monuments survive in the Fatimid cities founded in North Africa, starting with Mahdia, on the Tunisian coast, the principal city prior to the conquest of Egypt in 969 and the building of al-Qahira, the "City Victorious", now part of modern-day Cairo. The period was marked by a prosperity amongst the upper echelons, manifested in the creation of opulent and finely wrought objects in the decorative arts, including carved rock crystal, lustreware and other ceramics, wood and ivory carving, gold jewelry and other metalware, textiles, books and coinage.
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From 2007 to 2008, during the Golden Jubilee marking 50 years of his Imamate, the Aga Khan commissioned a number of projects: renowned Pritzker Prize winning Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki was commissioned to design a new kind of community structure, resembling an embassy, in Ottawa, Canada; and the Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat, to be composed of two large interconnected spaces an atrium and a courtyard, opened on 8 December 2008. The atrium is an interior space, to be used all year round. It is protected by a unique glass dome made of multi-faceted, angular planes assembled to create the effect of rock crystal; the Aga Khan asked Maki to consider the qualities of "rock crystal", which was valued by the Imams of the Fatimid Empire, in his design. Within the glass dome is an inner layer of woven glass-fibre fabric which will appear to float and hover over the atrium.
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The wedding took place on December 1, 1928, in the rather small St. John's Episcopal Church in Pleasantville, New York. At the wedding the bride wore a Swedish bridal crown in platinum and rock crystal and Queen Sophia's bridal veil in openwork lace. The veil was held by a coronet in silver and crystals, which was specially made by the Swedish court jeweler. Prince Gustaf Adolf was the Best man and Prince Sigvard the Marshal.
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Interchangeable cufflinks have started to come back into the marketplace in recent years. Cartier introduced their type in the 1960s consisting of a bar with a loop at either end that would allow a motif to be inserted at either end perpendicular to the bar. Cartier referred to the interchangeable motifs as batons. A set including the bars would come with batons made from coral, carnelian, lapis lazuli, rock crystal, onyx, tiger's eye and malachite.
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The surprise is a miniature clockwork replica of a steam locomotive made of gold and platinum in three sections, forming a train with a length of one foot. It has a diamond headlight, and ruby marker lights. The train has five carriages with rock crystal windows, labeled “mail”, “ladies only”, “smoking”, “non-smoking” and “chapel”. The train has a gold key that can be used to wind it up and make it run.
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This style of reliquary has a viewing portal by which to view the relic contained inside. Buddha from a stupa in Kanishka, Peshawar, Pakistan, now in Mandalay, Burma. Teresa Merrigan, 2005 During the later Middle Ages, the monstrance form, mostly used for consecrated hosts, was sometimes used for reliquaries. These housed the relic in a rock crystal or glass capsule mounted on a column above a base, enabling the relic to be displayed to the faithful.
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The is no definitive evidence for or against the authenticity of the relic. Modern examination has shown that the phial, made of rock crystal and dating back to the 11th or 12th century, was a Byzantine perfume bottle made in the area of Constantinople. Its neck is wound with gold thread and its stopper is sealed with red wax. The phial is encased in a glass-fronted gold cylinder closed at each end by coronets decorated with angels.
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The Malye Uchaly-II was discovered in near the city. More than 6 thousand years ago, on a high steep cliff, a tribe of anglers cut down a stone pit for housing in a stone. It is covered on top by logs, a center is built inside, around which fragments of vessels from clay and various tools from jasper, flint, rock crystal and topaz are foundAdministration of Uchaly district of the Republic of Bashkortostan: History. Nature .
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From the base heads of beasts on each side grip the cross in their mouth, a feature also found in German crosses. The overall shape of the cross was thought to be Romanesque, but recent discoveries have shown very similar shapes in much earlier Irish pieces. Some of the original precious stones and glass pieces that studded the cross are now missing. There is a large polished piece of rock crystal in the centre of the cross.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 31 March 2017 Unusually, four sets of engravings are set along the upper and lower sides of the lower cross. The relics are still visible (but barely, they would have originally been far more discernible), and include (assumed) fragments from Jesus' cross, placed behind rock crystal in the rectangular plaque located on the main shaft, prominently set between the two upper cross arms. The plaque contains a smaller cross with a single cross beam.
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The ancient Egyptian Bowstring hieroglyph is an Egyptian language hieroglyph associated with the bow, and its use as a hieroglyph for the Archer hieroglyph, a symbol for 'army'. Because of the strength required to "string a bow", with a bow string, the bowstring hieroglyph is used to define words of strength, hardness, durability, etc. The hieroglyphic language equivalent of the bowstring is "rwdj", and means "hard, strong, durable". 23rd Dynasty rock crystal vase of Pharaoh Rudamun.
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The Resurrection egg is a jewelled rock crystal Easter egg believed to have been made by Michael Perchin under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé sometime before 1899. Long considered to be a separate Fabergé egg, it has been postulated that the Resurrection egg is actually the missing surprise from the Renaissance egg. The egg depicts Jesus rising from his tomb, and it is the only Fabergé egg to explicitly reference the Easter story.
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Cristallo Drinking Glass circa 1550 - 1650 Cristallo stem glass Louvre Cristallo is a glass which is totally clear (like rock crystal), without the slight yellow or greenish color originating from iron oxide impurities. This effect is achieved through small additions of manganese oxide.R. W. Douglas: A history of glassmaking, G T Foulis & Co Ltd, Henley-on-Thames, 1972, . Often Cristallo has a low lime content which makes it prone to glass corrosion (otherwise known as glass disease).
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They commissioned the Edinburgh goldsmith James Cockie to make silver mounts for a rock crystal jug, engraved with their conjoined coat of arms, now known as the "Erskine ewer."George Dalgleish & Stuart Maxwell, The Lovable Craft 1687-1987: An Exhibition to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the Royal Charter of the Incorporation of Goldsmiths of the City of Edinburgh (NMS: Edinburgh, 1987), p. 17: Rosalind K. Marshall, Mary, Queen of Scots (NMS: Edinburgh, 2013), p. 104 no. 180.
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Much of the hoard had been sold prior to the conviction. Antique dealers in Cardiff and London were used to sell individual items from the hoard. The hoard originally contained an estimated 300 coins, of which 31 have been recovered along with a silver ingot, a rock-crystal pendant mounted in gold wire, a gold bracelet, and a gold finger ring. The hoard was buried in the late 9th century, from which most of the objects date.
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Guay's miniature of Louis XV, cut from three-color sardonyx, was the basis for an etching of the king as a Roman emperor by Pompadour. One of the last of Guay's historical works was Wishes for the recovery of the health of Madame de Pompadour. There were two variants, one an intaglio in rock crystal dated 1764, the year of Madame de Pompadour's death. The work is incomplete since it could not be offered to its intended recipient.
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The use of strong colours in cast glass died out during this period, with colourless or 'aqua' glasses dominating the last class of cast vessels to be produced in quantity, as mould and free-blowing took over during the 1st century AD. From around 70 AD colourless glass becomes the predominant material for fine wares, and the cheaper glasses move towards pale shades of blue, green, and yellow. Debate continues whether this change in fashion indicates a change in attitude that placed glass as individual material of merit no longer required to imitate precious stones, ceramics, or metal, or whether the shift to colourless glass indicated an attempt to mimic highly prized rock crystal. Pliny's Natural History states that "the most highly valued glass is colourless and transparent, as closely as possible resembling rock crystal" (36, 192), which is thought to support this last position, as is evidence for the persistence of casting as a production technique, which produced the thickly walled vessels necessary to take the pressure of extensive cutting and polishing associated with crystal working.
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The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. The word crystal derives from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning both "ice" and "rock crystal",κρύσταλλος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library from (), "icy cold, frost".κρύος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library Examples of large crystals include snowflakes, diamonds, and table salt. Most inorganic solids are not crystals but polycrystals, i.e.
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The history of Cristalina began in the eighteenth century with gold exploration. An abundance of rock crystal and in 1879 two Frenchmen, Etienne Lopes and Leon Laboissière, residents of Paracatu, bought some of the crystal and exported it to Paris. They then settled in a place called Serra Velha where they set up their operations. Later, after the failure of the first miners, another Frenchman, Emílio Levy, arrived trading cloth for crystal and built his house, stimulating others to arrive.
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T. Beech, The Eleanor of Aquitaine Vase, William IX of Aquitaine, and Muslim Spain, in Gesta 32 (1993), pp. 3-10.). When Eleanor of Aquitaine, William IX's granddaughter, married King Louis VII of France in 1137, she gave him the rock crystal vase as a wedding present. The inscription on it says he, in turn, gave it to the Abbey of St.-Denis. It is now in the Louvre in Paris and is the only artifact of Eleanor's known to exist today.
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Monumental sculpture covers large works, and architectural sculpture, which is attached to buildings. Historically, much of these types was painted, usually after a thin coat of plaster was applied. Hardstone carving is the carving for artistic purposes of semi-precious stones such as jade, agate, onyx, rock crystal, sard or carnelian, and a general term for an object made in this way. Alabaster or mineral gypsum is a soft mineral that is easy to carve for smaller works and still relatively durable.
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The V&A; holds over 19,000 items from the Islamic world, ranging from the early Islamic period (the 7th century) to the early 20th century. The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art, opened in 2006, houses a representative display of 400 objects with the highlight being the Ardabil Carpet, the centrepiece of the gallery. The displays in this gallery cover objects from Spain, North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and Afghanistan. A masterpiece of Islamic art is a 10th-century Rock crystal ewer.
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A middle Saxon pendant dating from 601–700 AD was discovered in a field in Little Thetford in 1952. This diameter by thick pendant, made from rock-crystal, gold, garnet, and amethyst coloured-glass, has been worked in a lathe. The workmanship is not of a high standard.Lethbridge (1952) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Saxon pendant, Ely Æthelberht of Kent was said to have built a church at Cratendune around 600 AD, about a mile from what is now Ely Cathedral.
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After carving, hollowing, and assembly, the statue was lacquered and covered in gold leaf. The double halo and pedestal are of similar materials. The eyes are of rock crystal, inserted into the open sockets from inside and held in place by bamboo pins, with painted pupils. Eyes formed in this way seem to move in the guttering firelight of a temple and are one of the defining features of the sculpture of the Kamakura period that began a decade later.
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Scottish charm-stones are typically large smooth rounded pieces of rock crystal or other forms of quartz. They were credited with healing or quasi-magical powers, and often worked through water that the charmstone had been dipped into, which was considered efficacious against various ills of both humans and farm animals. The Brooch of Lorn is an example of a charmstone set into a very elaborate brooch in the late 16th century, and worn by clan chiefs.The brooch of Lorn , Dunollie.
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The word bead comes from the Anglo-Saxon words bidden (to pray) and bede (prayer). The vast majority of early Anglo-Saxon female graves contain beads, which are often found in large numbers in the area of the neck and chest. Beads are sometimes found in male burials, with large beads often associated with prestigious weapons. A variety of materials other than glass were available for Anglo-Saxon beads, including amber, rock crystal, amethyst, bone, shells, coral and even metal.
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According to the Eiga Monogatari, the Golden Hall's pillars rested on masonry supports in the shape of elephants, the roof tiles and doors were gilded and silvered, and the foundations were of rock crystal. The interior of the hall was decorated lavishly with gold, silver, lapis lazuli, and jewels of all kinds, as well as a series of images detailing the life of the historical Buddha, and a central image of the Vairocana Buddha. The temple was destroyed by fire in 1053 and not rebuilt.
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During the late 1980s, Tina Chow designed and produced several collections of jewelry. Using rock crystal, gold, silver, wood, bamboo, and silk cording. In 1987, the first collection was sold at Bergdorf Goodman in New York, Maxfield's in Los Angeles, at Ultimo in Chicago, and later (from 1988) at Gallerie Naila Monbrison in Paris. Perhaps one of the best known pieces in the collection is the "Kyoto Bracelet," which is a woven bamboo bangle which encases seven rough rock crystals or rose quartz in their natural form.
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The civil ceremony took place in the town hall at Besançon on 11 Jul 1924. The couple moved to 49 Rue Lamarck in the Montmartre area of Paris. In the studio of the Expressionist painter Gen Paul in Montmartre, Suzanne Belperron met the writer Louis-Ferdinand Céline, the actors Robert Le Vigan and Arletty, and the playwright René Fauchois. At Boivin, Belperron made a name for herself with designs that set precious stones in semi-precious materials like chalcedony, rock crystal, and smoky quartz.
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Renaissance Saint George's statue Founded by Duke Albert V the Treasury houses the jewels of the Wittelsbach dynasty. This magnificent display in the Schatzkammer (Treasury) is contained in ten halls in the eastern wing of the Königsbau. The collection is one of the most important in the world and spans 1000 years from the early Middle Ages to Neo-classicism. Royal insignia, crowns, swords, goblets, goldsmith works, rock crystal, ivory work, icons and numerous other treasures like precious tableware and toiletries are magnificently presented.
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Many elements of the designs can be directly related to elements used in manuscripts. Surviving stones used in decoration are semi-precious ones, with amber and rock crystal among the commonest, and some garnets. Coloured glass, enamel and millefiori glass, probably imported, are also used.S. Youngs, ed., "The Work of Angels", Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork (London: British Museum Press, 1989), , pp. 72–115, and 170–174 and D. M. Wilson, Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest (Overlook Press, 1984), pp.
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The Revolutionary Government Junta, during a meeting in former Hall of the Mirrors, 1945 Joaquín Crespo room is used for formal meetings of the council of ministers, welcome the diplomatic corps and for the appointments of new ministers and ambassadors. It is characterized by a long table in the middle, two large paintings behind the presidential chair and four gigantic rock-crystal mirrors. It was known as Hall of the Mirrors until 2003 when it was renamed in honor to the first guest of the palace.
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Madden starred in Australia's first indigenous teen drama, Ready for This, and in the critically applauded Redfern Now. She has also starred in The Moodys, Jack Irish, My Place and The Code. In 2016 she starred in the miniseries Tomorrow, When the War Began which is based on the John Marsden series of young adult books. In 2018 she played Marion Quade in the miniseries Picnic at Hanging Rock, Crystal Swan in the TV miniseries Mystery Road and Immy DuPain in the series Pine Gap.
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Aquitanian troops fought side by side with Castilians in an effort to take Cordoba. During his sojourn in Spain, William was given a rock crystal vase by a Muslim ally that he later bequeathed to his granddaughter Eleanor. The vase probably originated in Sassanid Persia in the seventh century. In 1122, William lost control of Toulouse, Philippa's dower land, to Alfonso Jordan, the son and heir of Raymond IV, who had taken Toulouse after the death of William IV. He did not trouble to reclaim it.
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Another change by the 7th Earl was the creation of a dramatic staircase hall out of three smaller rooms in the centre of the house, designed by the architect Randall Wells who had built St Edward's Church, Kempley for him in 1903. The hall rises two stories to a ceiling punctuated by three large, domed skylights. A gallery flanks two sides of the upper level, lined by a railing with balusters of rock crystal quartz. Dozens of portraits, many of them of members of the Lygon family through the centuries, cover the walls.
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They were responsible for pushing ahead with research and development, and bringing on board a former school friend, the physicist and chemist Richard Küch. Küch, who became a director in 1909, had many contacts in the world of science and continued to carry out fundamental research, resulting in further growth in the company. Among his achievements were the development of a process to melt rock crystal at around 2000 °C to produce quartz glass. The quartz glass produced by the company was almost entirely free of defects and was of outstanding purity.
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The pirate's family forced the Technet to turn over all their accumulated wealth as reparations. Angered by this reversal in their fortunes, all of the members of the Technet except for Yap and Fascination left the team. Gatecrasher then went to a celebration held by the despot of Kandahar. A person she believed to be the despot himself hired her to procure a perfect mathematical model of the universe that was made of rock crystal and that was held and revered by the Incas of 14th century Peru on Earth-616.
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As a highly prestigious artform using expensive materials, many different techniques for imitating hardstone carvings have been developed, some of which have themselves created significant artistic traditions. Celadon ware, with a jade coloured glaze, was important in China and Korea, and in early periods used for shapes typical of jade objects. Roman cameo glass was invented to imitate cameo gems, with the advantage that consistent layers were possible even in objects in the round. The small group of 11th(?)-century Hedwig glasses are inspired by Fatimid rock-crystal vessels.
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Abbas Ibn Firnas designed a water clock called al-Maqata, devised a means of manufacturing colorless glass, invented various glass planispheres, made corrective lenses ("reading stones"), devised a chain of things that could be used to simulate the motions of the planets and stars, and developed a process for cutting rock crystal that allowed Spain to cease exporting quartz to Egypt to be cut. He introduced the Sindhind to al-Andalus, which had important influence on astronomy in Europe. He also designed the al-Maqata, a water clock.Marshall Cavendish Reference.
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One of the finest examples of Carolingian goldsmiths' work is the Golden Altar (824–859), a paliotto, in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan. The altars four sides are decorated with images in gold and silver repoussé, framed by borders of filigree, precious stones and enamel. The Lothair Crystal, of the middle of the 9th century, is one of the largest of a group of about 20 engraved pieces of rock crystal which survive; this shows large numbers of figures in several scenes showing the unusual subject of the story of Suzanna.
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While not as well known as the paintings, books and music associated with the Lobkowiczes, decorative and sacred arts objects, dating from the 13th through the 20th centuries, form a significant part of The Collections. During the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia and the later period of Communist rule, the private chapels in the family’s principal residences were desecrated and their contents dispersed. Important artefacts survived, including a 12th- century reliquary cross of rock crystal and gilded copper. The gold reliquary head of a female saint, possibly St. Ursula, dated c.
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The hoard consists of various items of jewellery that were made in different parts of Europe. The two brooches are typically Scandinavian in design, but the patterned millefiori glass beads were imported from the Frankish kingdoms. The oval Viking brooch is decorated with a complex interlace pattern and the form of an unusual-looking animal, that seen from above, appears to cross its legs over its back. Other objects include a gilt copper disc-on-bow brooch, three rock crystal beads, a spindle- whorl and a necklace made of twenty two glass beads.
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However, they have made clear that the structure has been strongly built and is unusually well-preserved, with some of the remaining walls rising up to 3 meters in height. It has a strict north-south orientation and extends to at least 1350 m2, with more than 100 rooms on the ground floor alone, some of which with frescoes.Ζώμινθος, η «ελίτ» του Ψηλορείτη, το ΒΗΜΑ onLine, 1 Οκτωβρίου 2006 Unique to Minoan Crete is the discovery of a large pottery workshop. Equally important are the unearthed artefacts made from processed rock crystal.
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Notably, the museum did not collect samples of local Lithuanian, Polish, or Russian folk art. Often, these were curiosities and souvenirs of dubious authenticity from foreign travels by local nobles. Many of the items from China and Japan were collected during a trip around the world on Russian frigate Askold. Other exotic items included ashes from Pompeii, golden Greek diadem found in Nikopol, rock crystal candelabra that belonged to the Archbishops of Paris, hand fan gifted by the Emperor of Japan, aboriginal spear gifted by the viceroy of Ceylon.
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The front painting features the extravagant Winter Palace, the official residence of Nicholas II two hundred years after the founding of St. Petersburg. Opposite this, on the back of the egg, is a painting of the log cabin believed to be built by Peter the Great himself, representative of the founding of St. Petersburg on the banks of the Neva River. On the sides of the egg are portraits of Peter the Great in 1703 and Nicholas II in 1903. Each of the miniatures is covered by rock crystal.
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It is possible to synthesize twinned amethyst, but this type is not available in large quantities in the market. Single-crystal quartz is very desirable in the industry, particularly for keeping the regular vibrations necessary for quartz movements in watches and clocks, which is where a lot of synthetic quartz is used. Treated amethyst is produced by gamma ray, X-ray or electron beam irradiation of clear quartz (rock crystal) which has been first doped with ferric impurities. Exposure to heat partially cancels the irradiation effects and amethyst generally becomes yellow or even green.
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The Herepath has a characteristic form which is familiar on the Quantocks: a regulation 20 m wide track between avenues of trees growing from hedge laying embankments. A peace treaty with the Danes was signed at Wedmore and the Danish king Guthrum the Old was baptised at Aller. Burhs (fortified places) had been set up by 919, such as Lyng. The Alfred Jewel, an object about long, made of filigree gold, cloisonné-enamelled and with a rock crystal covering, was found in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton.
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The Standart Yacht Leaf Egg is a transparent hollowed-out rock crystal egg, mounted horizontally, with a gold band with inlaid leaves of green enamel and small diamonds marking the separation point between upper and lower halves, which bears the inscription "Standart 1909". A crowned lapis lazuli eagle is perched on either side of the egg and a large pear-shaped pearl hangs from each. The shaft consists of two lapis lazuli dolphins with intertwined tails. It is on an ornate stand with classical overtones, made from gold, pearls, and enamel.
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Using Wiligut's prophecies as his guide, Himmler selected Wewelsburg castle in Westphalia to serve as a base for many SS operations. The architect Hermann Bartels was employed to oversee renovations to the castle to make it fit for the SS's use. As part of these alterations, one of the rooms in the building became known as "the Grail Room" with a rock crystal representing the Holy Grail being placed in a central position. Himmler also established a private museum at the castle, employing the young archaeologist Wilhelm Jordan to manage it.
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More expensive mummies were typically adorned with features drawn in black paint and colored glass, obsidian or rock crystal eyes. Kittens and fetuses were mummified and buried inside the stomach of a statue that represented their mother. As time went by, like all mummies designed for this purpose, the mummification became less precise. In fact, Sir T. C. S. Morrison-Scott, former Director of the British Museum of Natural History, unwrapped a large number of cat mummies, but discovered many were simply stuffed with random body parts of cats and not mummified with detailed care.
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Plaquette by Valerio Belli, Christ Carrying the Cross, 1530–50 Self portrait medal Valerio Belli (c. 1468 – 1546), also known as Valerio Vicentino, was a celebrated medallist, gem engraver,goldsmith, who with Giovanni Bernardi, who was twenty years younger, was the leading specialist in intaglios engraved in rock crystal, a difficult luxury form which Belli pioneered. These were highly sought after by wealthy Italian collectors. Though described as being "engraved", the intaglios are cut by drills, sometimes quite deeply, and developed their style from classical coins and engraved gems, to give "smoothly and eloquently orchestrated figural compositions".
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Tityus, a rock crystal intaglio by Giovanni Bernardi. As in other fields, not many ancient artists' names are known from literary sources, although some gems are signed. According to Pliny, Pyrgoteles was the only artist allowed to carve gems for the seal rings of Alexander the Great. Most of the most famous Roman artists were Greeks, like Dioskurides, who is thought to have produced the Gemma Augustea, and is recorded as the artist of the matching signet rings of Augustus – very carefully controlled, they allowed orders to be issued in his name by his most trusted associates.
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70 In iconography the cross is one of Bernward's holy attributes. The Cross served as an ostensorium for pieces of the True Cross, which are the most precious of all the relics venerated at Hildesheim; they are displayed in the shape of a cross underneath the large rock crystal at the centre of the cross. It was originally placed on the cross altar at the eastern end of the nave of St. Michael. Behind it stood the Bernward Column, in front of a bronze-studded column whose base of Greek marble is now in St. Magdalen's.
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Weaving plays a role in the creation myth of Navajo cosmology, which articulates social relationships and continues to play a role in Navajo culture. According to one aspect of this tradition, a spiritual being called "Spider Woman" instructed the women of the Navajo how to build the first loom from exotic materials including sky, earth, sunrays, rock crystal, and sheet lightning. Then "Spider Woman" taught the Navajo how to weave on it. Because of this belief traditionally there will be a “mistake“ somewhere within the pattern. It is said to prevent the weaver from becoming lost in spider woman’s web or pattern.
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In Bruges, the Procession of the Holy Blood (Heilig Bloedprocessie) is held on Ascension Day each year, during which a relic - a rock-crystal vial allegedly found in 1148 during the Second Crusade by Derick of Alsace (the Count of Flanders) which is believed to contain the blood of Christ - is paraded round the city. The procession itself is said to date to the 13th Century. Each year, the procession attracts some 50,000 visitors and pilgrims. In the town of Veurne, the so-called Boeteprocessie (Procession of Penitents) takes place on the last Sunday of July.
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The palm is made from 4.16 oz (118 grams) of 18-carat yellow gold while the base of the branch forms a small heart. The Palme d’or rests on a dainty rock crystal cushion shaped like an emerald-cut diamond. A single piece of cut crystal forms a cushion for the palm, which was hand-cast into a wax mould and now presented in a case of blue Morocco leather. In 1998, Theo Angelopoulos was the first director to win the Palme d'or as we now know it today for his film Eternity and a Day.
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The cross was made of gold plates by court goldsmiths. The entire front is covered with a rock crystal plate that allows one to see the relics of the Crucifixion of Christ: wood from the Holy Cross, thorns, a part of the sponge, rope, and a nail. The sides of the cross are lined with sapphires that are set in such a way so that light could penetrate them, thus creating a halo. The back of the cross is adorned with engraved gem cameos with beautiful reliefs that date from antiquity to the 12th century and cover small compartments for other precious relics.
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Archeon, a historical theme park A reading stone is an approximately hemispherical lens that can be placed on top of text to magnify the letters so that people with presbyopia can read it more easily. Reading stones were among the earliest common uses of lenses. The regular use of reading stones began around 1000 AD. Early reading stones were manufactured from rock crystal (quartz) or beryl as well as glass, which could be shaped and polished into stones used for viewing. The Swedish Visby lenses, dating from the 11th or 12th century, may have been reading stones.
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The Cross takes its name from the large engraved greenish rock crystal seal near its base bearing the portrait and name of the Carolingian ruler Lothair II, King of Lotharingia (835–869), and a nephew of Charles the Bald. The cross was actually made over a century after Lothair’s death for one of the Ottonian dynasty, the successors of the Carolingian dynasty; possibly for Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor.Calkins, 115, and most scholars except Lasko 101, who sees no need to date it later than the 980s. It appears to have been donated to the Cathedral as soon as it was made.
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The egg was created by Faberge's workmaster, Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860–1903) with miniatures by Johannes Zehngraf (Danish, 1857–1908) It stands about 248 mm (9 3/4 in) tall on its stand, with a diameter of 98 mm (3 7/8 in.) The outer shell is rock crystal banded with emerald-green enameled gold studded with diamonds. On the apex of the egg is a Siberian emerald supported by an emerald-green enameled gold mount. This cabochon-style emerald is one of the largest gemstones Fabergé used in any of the Imperial eggs.Lowes 2001, pg.
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In 1930, the Rock Crystal Egg was one of the ten Eggs sold by the Antikvariat (Trade Department) to the Hammer Galleries in New York City for 8000 rubles, or approximately $4000 U.S. In 1945 the egg became the last of five Imperial Easter Eggs bought by Lillian Thomas Pratt, the wife of a General Motors executive John Lee Pratt. Upon Lillian Thomas Pratt's death in 1947, the egg was willed to Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia.Lowes 2001, pgs. 47-48 It remains on view as part of the Virginia Museum of Fine Art's European Decorative Art collection.
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On his death in 1902 it passed to his step-son Captain Henry Meredith Richards OBE, who didn't live there, but rented it out to a rich brewing family, Walter Mortimer & Louise Allfrey. I 1922 Louise Allfrey bought Farley Castle. On Louise's death in 1944, Farley Castle was bought by Owen Wilfred Beardmore who converted the Castle into a Hotel & Country Club. In 1952, it was the residence of adventurer, author & amateur archaeologist, Frederick Mitchell-Hedges, discoverer of the controversial rock crystal "Skull of Doom", who wrote his autobiographical "Danger My Ally" there in 1953/54.
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Saglirjuaq (Inuktitut syllabics: ᓴᒡᓕᕐᔪᐊᖅSaglirjuaq) formerly Liddon IslandSaglirjuaq (Formerly Liddon Island) is one of several irregularly shaped islands located in the Fury and Hecla Strait of Nunavut's Qikiqtaaluk Region within the northern Canadian Arctic. It is north of the mainland's Melville Peninsula, south of Baffin Island's Sikosak Bay, west of Simialuk, and east of Saglaarjuk. It was given its European name for Lieutenant Matthew Liddon, an officer who accompanied Sir William Edward Parry during his search for the Northwest Passage 1819–1820. During that voyage, rock crystal, common iron glance, and red iron ore were discovered on the island.
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Order of John Paul II, 2016. Gold, silver, gilt, diamonds, phianites In more than 20 years working with precious stones and metals he has created a number of unique compositions which are impressive in content as well as for the virtuosity of their execution. Existing and improved developed a unique technology of semiprecious stones, which provide unusual for such material visuals effects, like foam water from rock crystal (work Mermaid Dnistrova). Also developed the technique of micro-miniature art performance elements with a high degree of detail (of Holidays, On live bait, Thirst for life, The Little Thief).
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The mountain of Marvão would also have served as a watchtower providing line-of-sight to the vitally-important Roman bridge at Alcántara. Local agricultural production (olives, wine, figs, cattle) was supplemented by horse-breeding, pottery, and mining activity - notably rock crystal and quartz from veins on the Marvão mountain, together with open cast gold mining on the Tagus to the north.Corsi, M.; Deprez, F.; Vermeulen (September 2008), "Geoarchaeological Research in the Roman Town of Ammaia (Alentejo, Portugal) ", Multudisciplinary Approaches to Classical Archaeology-Approcci Multidisciplinari per l'Archeologia Classica. Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Rome, Italy, pp.
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She is worshiped in the form of a mystical diagram (Sanskrit: '), a central focus and ritual object composed of nine intersecting triangles, called the Shri Yantra or '. The Meru Chakra is a three-dimensional form of this, made of rock crystal or metal, often a traditional alloy of silver, antimony, copper, zinc and pewter that is held to enhance the flow and generation of its beneficial energies, covered in gold. Mantras are believed to reveal the unity of the deity, the guru and initiate and the mantra or sound syllable Itself. The first mantra given to initiates is the Bala Tripurasundari Mantra.
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Burhs (fortified places) had been set up by 919, such as Lyng. The Alfred Jewel, an object about 2.5 inch long, made of filigree gold, cloisonné-enamelled and with a rock crystal covering, was found in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton. Believed to have been owned by Alfred the Great it is thought to have been the handle for a pointer that would have fit into the hole at its base and been used while reading a book. Monasteries and minster churches were set up all over Somerset, with daughter churches from the minsters in manors.
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The crystal skull at the British Museum (ID ), similar in dimensions to the more detailed Mitchell-Hedges skull. Crystal skulls are human skull hardstone carvings made of clear or milky white quartz (also called "rock crystal"), claimed to be pre-Columbian Mesoamerican artifacts by their alleged finders; however, these claims have been refuted for all of the specimens made available for scientific studies. The results of these studies demonstrated that those examined were manufactured in the mid-19th century or later, almost certainly in Europe, during a time when interest in ancient culture was abundant.British Museum (n.d.
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The pulpit with the Coat of arms of Nassau-Usingen, the emblem of the sovereign Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, is a symbol of absolutism: The subject who looks up to the preacher of the Gospel, should also see that there is a secular lord. The altar cross originates from the contemporary metal sculptor Professor Klump (Wiesbaden), crafted from gold with rock crystal as a symbol of Christ, and twelve rubies for the Apostles and for feeding the multitude. The Paternoster bronze bell was cast in 1430 in Mainz, bearing the inscription "Meyster John of the gos Mence mec".
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144.), though some writers, such as Adalbert StifterAdalbert Stifter, Bunte Steine ("Colourful Stones"), e.g., Bergkristall ("Rock Crystal"), Turmalin ("Tourmaline"), 1853. and Jane Austen (to whom, incidentally, he is related through his mother) do this less than most others, whilst on the other hand Samuel Beckett conveys a profoundly negative philosophy of life. All too often, in Adamson's view, people go through their lives without living or seeking any belief which, for him, is the supreme attractiveness of Blaise Pascal, whose philosophy was of a unique kind: grounded in the vagaries of human nature;Donald Adamson, Blaise Pascal: Mathematician, Physicist, and Thinker about God, 1995, pp. 143–160.
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The name "beryl" is derived (via , , and ) from Greek βήρυλλος beryllos which referred to a "precious blue-green color-of-sea-water stone"; from Prakrit verulia, veluriya ("beryl"), from Sanskrit वैडूर्य vaiḍūrya "brought from Vidûra" (originally lapis lazuli) which is ultimately of Dravidian origin, maybe from the name of Belur or "Velur" a town in Karnataka, southern India. The term was later adopted for the mineral beryl more exclusively. When the first eyeglasses were constructed in 13th century Italy, the lenses were made of beryl (or of rock crystal) as glass could not be made clear enough. Consequently, glasses were named Brillen in German (bril in Dutch and briller in Danish).
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Geologically speaking, most of the gemstones traditionally carved in the West are varieties of quartz, including: chalcedony, agate, amethyst, sard, onyx, carnelian, heliotrope, jasper, and quartz in its uncoloured and transparent form, known as rock crystal. The various materials called jade have been dominant in East Asian and Mesoamerican carving. Stones typically used for buildings and large sculpture are not often used for small objects such as vessels, although this does occur. For example, in the Uruk period of Sumerian culture (4th millennium BCE) heavy vases, cups and ewers of sandstone and limestone have been found, but were not for common use, as the people of Uruk had well-developed pottery.
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Two-dimensional inlay techniques for floors, furniture and walls include pietre dure, opus sectile (Ancient Roman), and medieval Cosmatesque work these typically inlay hardstone pieces into a background of marble or some other building stone. The definition of "hardstone" is not very rigid, but excludes "soft" stones such as soapstone (steatite) and minerals such as alabaster, both widely used for carving. Hard organic minerals such as amber and jet are included, as well as the mineraloid obsidian. Geologically speaking, most of the gemstones carved in the West are varieties of quartz, including chalcedony, agate, amethyst, sard, onyx, carnelion, heliotrope, jasper and quartz in its uncoloured form, known as rock crystal.
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She did not use valuable stones, preferring instead pebbles, granite, rock crystal, moonstone and quartz. Torun's jewelry has been worn by celebrities including Billie Holiday, Ingrid Bergman, and Brigitte Bardot, and her customers included Pablo Picasso and Duke Ellington. Her work can be seen in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Swedish National Museum in Stockholm, the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Montreal, the Louvre in Paris, the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths in London, and in the Pinakothek der Moderne in Munich. Her jewelry and housewares are sold today by retailers such as Georg Jensen, Bed Bath & Beyond and Amazon.
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His marble portrait bust by Bernini was not considered a good likeness and was banished to a passageway."Le petit cabinet de passage pour aller à l'appartement vert" (Bonnaffé :10). The fittings of his chapel in the Palais-Cardinal, for which Simon Vouet executed the paintings, were of solid gold – crucifix, chalice, paten, ciborium, candlesticks – set with 180 rubies and 9,000 diamonds.Bonnaffé :16 His taste also ran to massive silver, small bronzes and works of vertu, enamels and rock crystal mounted in gold, Chinese porcelains, tapestries and Persian carpets, cabinets from Italy, and Antwerp and the heart-shaped diamond bought from Alphonse Lopez that he willed to the king.
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Aside from the main settlement of Ushakovskoye near Rogers Bay, on the south-central coast, in the 1960s a new settlement named Zvyozdny was established some to the west in the Somnitelnaya Bay area, where ground runways reserved for military aviation were constructed (these were abandoned in the 1970s). Moreover, a military radar installation was built on the southeast coast at Cape Hawaii. Rock crystal mining had been carried out for a number of years in the center of the island near Khrustalnyi Creek. At the time, a small settlement, Perkatkun, had been established nearby to house the miners, but later on it was completely destroyed.
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Pliny moves into crystallography and mineralogy, describing the octahedral shape of the diamond and recording that diamond dust is used by gem engravers to cut and polish other gems, owing to its great hardness.Natural History XXXVII:55-60 He states that rock crystal is valuable for its transparency and hardness, and can be carved into vessels and implements. He relates the story of a woman who owned a ladle made of the mineral, paying the sum of 150,000 sesterces for the item. Nero deliberately broke two crystal cups when he realised that he was about to be deposed, so denying their use to anyone else.
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In 1911, the national administration acquired the property from General Félix Galavis at a cost of five hundred thousand bolívares, and Miraflores Palace became the official presidential residence and office. After many modifications, the current palace presents fountains encompassed by corridors and halls, such as the Peruvian Sun Hall, decorated with gold donated by the government of Peru; the Joaquín Crespo Hall, with its four gigantic rock-crystal mirrors; Vargas Swamp, which commemorates the Battle of Boyacá, in Colombia; the Ambassador Hall, where diplomats are received; and Ayacucho Hall, in honor of Marshall Antonio José de Sucre and the battle in which he starred.López, Florelena. Welcome, bienvenido al Amaranthus caraqueño.
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The sceptre measures long, with a long thin twisting rock crystal shaft in two parts mounted with gold and pearls. A gold crown with alternating fleur-de-lys and cross embellishments decorates one end, mounted with jewels including Afghan red spinel, Ceylon blue sapphires, and pearls from the Persian Gulf; within the circlet of the crown is a painting on parchment of the Royal Arms of England adopted in 1406, quartering three fleurs-de-lys for France with three lions for England. The crown may have been adapted from a religious sculpture of the Virgin Mary. The other end has a large glass boss.
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Natural minerals that (when cut) optically resemble white diamonds are rare, because the trace impurities usually present in natural minerals tend to impart color. The earliest simulants of diamond were colorless quartz (A form of silica, which also form obsidian, glass and sand), rock crystal (a type of quartz), topaz, and beryl (goshenite); they are all common minerals with above-average hardness (7–8), but all have low RIs and correspondingly low dispersions. Well-formed quartz crystals are sometimes offered as "diamonds", a popular example being the so-called "Herkimer diamonds" mined in Herkimer County, New York. Topaz's SG (3.50–3.57) also falls within the range of diamond.
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Huxuan dance was introduced to China through long journeys over thousands of kilometers by girls from Kang in Sogdia. In the T'ang Annals we read that in the beginning of the period K'ai-yuan (a.d. 713-741) the country of K'an (Sogdiana), an Iranian region, sent as tribute to the Chinese Court coats-of- mail, cups of rock-crystal, bottles of agate, ostrich-eggs, textiles styled yüe no, dwarfs, and dancing-girls of Hu-suan 胡旋 (Xwārism).1 In the Ts'e fu yüan kwei the date of this event is more accurately fixed in the year 718.2 The Dunhuang ruler received from the Ganzhou Kaghan 40 Sogdian slaves as tribute.
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A brief synopsis of Iceland's geological history and volcanic system are displayed in the Volcano House, together with photographs of the volcanic eruptions and other aspects of Icelandic nature.Visit Reykjavík: Volcano House (retrieved on February 2014) Volcano House offers a hands-on geology exhibition where guests can handle various samples of pumice, ash and lava from Icelandic volcanoes, for example ash from Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn and pumice from Hekla. A collection of semi- precious rocks and minerals from around the country are also on display, and are available for purchase. Rocks on display are for example Jaspis, Opal, Obsidian, Rock crystal and Iceland spar.
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Carbon, tin, and lead are a few of the elements well known in the ancient world, together with sulfur, iron, copper, mercury, silver, and gold. Silicon as silica in the form of rock crystal was familiar to the predynastic Egyptians, who used it for beads and small vases; to the early Chinese; and probably to many others of the ancients. The manufacture of glass containing silica was carried out both by the Egyptians – at least as early as 1500 BCE – and by the Phoenicians. Many of the naturally occurring compounds or silicate minerals were used in various kinds of mortar for construction of dwellings by the earliest people.
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Bluing has other miscellaneous household uses, including as an ingredient in rock crystal "gardens" (whereby a porous item is placed in a salt solution, the solution then precipitating out as crystals), and to improve the appearance of swimming-pool water. In Australia it was used as a folk remedy to relieve the itching of mosquito and sand fly bites. Laundry bluing is made of a colloid of ferric ferrocyanide (blue iron salt, also referred to as "Prussian blue") in water. Blue colorings have been added to rinse water for centuries, first in the form of powder blue or smalt, or using small lumps of indigo and starch, called stone blue.
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Rock-crystal sphere from the Qing Dynasty The Chinese collection is housed in the museum's spacious Harrison Rotunda, which measures ninety feet across and ninety feet from the floor. This gallery houses some of the finest Chinese sculpture in America, including two reliefs of Emperor Tang Taizong's six horses which he used to unify China during the Tang Dynasty. In the center of the gallery sits a perfectly spherical crystal ball. Along with an Egyptian statue of Osiris, the crystal ball was stolen in 1988, and its elegant silver stand, a stylized ocean wave, was found in a culvert not far from the Museum.
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The word "quartz" is derived from the German word "Quarz", which had the same form in the first half of the 14th century in Middle High German and in East Central GermanDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (in German) and which came from the Polish dialect term kwardy, which corresponds to the Czech term tvrdý ("hard"). The Ancient Greeks referred to quartz as κρύσταλλος (krustallos) derived from the Ancient Greek κρύος (kruos) meaning "icy cold," because some philosophers (including Theophrastus) apparently believed the mineral to be a form of supercooled ice. Today, the term rock crystal is sometimes used as an alternative name for the purest form of quartz.
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In the hands of the Parisian marchands-merciers, the precursors of decorators, ormolu or gilt-bronze sculptures were used for bright, non-oxidizing fireplace accessories or for Rococo or Neoclassical mantel-clocks or wall-mounted clock-cases – a specialty of Charles Cressent (1685–1768) – complemented by rock-crystal drops on gilt- bronze chandeliers and wall-lights. The bronze mounts were cast by lost wax casting, and then chiseled and chased to add detail. Rococo gilt bronze tends to be finely cast, lightly chiseled, and part-burnished. Neoclassical gilt- bronze is often entirely chiseled and chased with extraordinary skill and delicacy to create finely varied surfaces.
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The Islamic Art Museum also regularly hosts temporary exhibitions of modern art from the Islamic world, such as the 2008 Turkish Delight (contemporary Turkish design) and Naqsh (Gender in Iranian Art and Society). In 2008 part of the Keir Collection of Edmund de Unger, formerly housed in his home in Ham, Surrey, was placed on long-term loan to the Museum for an initial period of 15 years. One of the most important post-war private collections of Islamic art, it covers the entire Islamic world from medieval times to the eighteenth century and includes carpets, textiles, illuminated manuscripts, bookbindings, ceramics, metalware and rock crystal objects.
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The Countess of Dudley, whose husband had been Colonel Commander of the Worcestershire Yeomanry, presented each yeoman with a pear blossom, the emblem of Worcestershire, worked in silk, to wear in their hat as a reminder of where they were from. When they returned in 1903 the Countess presented the regiment with a sprig of pear blossom made by Fabergé, in gold, diamond, rock crystal, and jade, which the unit still bring out on dinner nights. The Second Boer War ended in June 1902 and the Regiment returned to a home having lost 16 NCOs killed in action and 20 wounded. The regiment was based at Silver Street in Worcester at this time (since demolished).
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A sheet-gold mask concealed the feet of the corpse. > The published accounts also list two pendant-plaques and two plaques for > sewing onto textiles. A set of bone tubes (or cylindrical beads) found just > below the waist may have been attached to a loincloth or kilt like those > represented on miniature gold figurines, and the legs of the skeleton were > separated by a line of rock crystal beads. In a niche in the wall above the > head of the corpse were two Ilama-style pots: one a bowl with four feet and > the other an alcarraza (a vessel with two spouts joined by a bridge handle) > in the form of a recumbent woman.
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The treasury contains what is now a unique collection of Byzantine portable objects in metalwork, enamel and hardstone carving, most looted from Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade (although there was a serious fire in the treasury in 1231), with probably a new influx after the "Franks" were expelled in 1261.Buckton, 65–66, 73–75 Thereafter most objects were made locally, though there are also important Islamic works, especially in rock crystal, and some from Northern Europe. Selections have toured internationally. The treasury is in the basilica until today; the Encyclopaedia Britannica objects in an inventory ordered by the Austrians in 1816, many in materials that could not be recycled for cash.
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Second comes gold; > third, silver, fourth, excresences; fifth, the jades; sixth, mica; seventh, > pearls; eighth, realgar; ninth, brown hematite; tenth, conglomerated brown > hematite; eleventh, quartz; twelfth, rock crystal; thirteenth, geodes; > fourteenth, sulphur; fifteenth, wild honey; and sixteenth, laminar > malachite. (tr. Ware 1966:178) The Baoppuzi Outer Chapters have one partial translation into English. Jay Sailey (1978) translated 21 of the 50 chapters: 1, 3, 5, 14-15, 20, 24-26, 30-34, 37, 40, 43-44, 46-47, and 50. In addition, Sailey (1978:509-545) included appendices on "Buddhism and the Pao-p'u-tzu", "Biography of Ko Hung" from the Jin Shu, and "Recensions" of lost Baopuzi fragments quoted in later texts.
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Silvio Kuhnert began his career as cook with the apprenticeship at the hotel „Fichtelberg“ in the small town Oberwiesenthal in the Saxon region Erzgebirge (the ore mountains in English). In 1989 he was in the restaurant „Rock Crystal “already the youngest chef de cuisine of the region Vogtland . In the following years, he passed different placements at prestigious restaurateurs, for example at the restaurant “Aubergine“ of Eckardt Witzigmann in Munich. In 1993, he passed in Passau (Bavaria) the examination for the formal title “Küchenmeister” (the master of kitchen in English) and became in the same year the executive director of kitchen at the IFA holiday hotel, Hohe Reuth“ in Schöneck, a famous tourist location in Vogtland.
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Among the fossils on show, special mention should be made of carbonized remainders of plants (Ortiseia), various gastropod imprints, a fossilized fish (Archaeolepidotus leonardii Accordi) and the reconstructed skeleton of an Ichthyosaurus, as well as coral colonies and ammonites. In addition to a cross-section of local minerals, including those typical of Mont Sëuc, this room also contains a collection of minerals from other alpine deposits (e.g. Teis, Ahrntal, Pfitsch) and from abroad, such as rock crystal, garnet, beryl, apophyllite, aragonite, sulphur, Celestine and amethyst. In the same room, another section offers an insight into the many-sided alpine flora and fauna by way of a herbarium and a collection of stuffed animals, e.g.
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Mughal dagger hilt in jade with gold, rubies, and emeralds. Hardstone carving is a general term in art history and archaeology for the artistic carving of predominantly semi-precious stones (but also of gemstones), such as jade, rock crystal (clear quartz), agate, onyx, jasper, serpentinite, or carnelian, and for an object made in this way. Normally the objects are small, and the category overlaps with both jewellery and sculpture. Hardstone carving is sometimes referred to by the Italian term pietre dure;This catalogue provides a comprehensive history of pietre dure, a virtuoso form of hardstone carving that reached an artistic peak in Italy in the 16th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe.
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Jade is a classic hardstone, used here for the wine cup of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Hardstone is an unscientific term, mostly encountered in the decorative arts or archaeology, that has a similar meaning to semi-precious stones, or gemstones."Cameo" Glossary database , Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Very hard building stones, such as granite, are not included in the term in this sense, but only stones which are fairly hard and regarded as attractive ones which could be used in jewellery. Hardstone carving is the three- dimensional carving for artistic purposes of semi-precious stones such as jade, agate, onyx, rock crystal, sard or carnelian, and a general term for an object made in this way.
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Nearly all gemstones had to be imported from outside Europe, though Insular jewellery used native stones. Amber, jet, freshwater pearls and coral could be found within Europe. The modern facet-cut style of gemcutting was only developed at the end of the period, and before that stones were all cut and polished in variations of what is now called a cabouchon cut, with rounded contours. Diamonds are relatively unexciting, and very difficult to create, in cabouchon style, and other stones such as ruby and emerald were the most highly prized, but a wide range of stones were used, with modern distinctions between precious and semi-precious stones largely ignored, and clear rock crystal, sometimes engraved, popular.
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The items created for this event were six place card holders enhanced by a small vermeil bow and two cultured pearl feet, six pair of salt and pepper shakers accented by four cultured pearl feet, six cylindrical columned candlesticks, six napkin rings accented at each edge by a vermeil border, and a Fabergé-inspired presentation egg mounted on a Brazilian rock crystal base. The Fabergé egg was hinged with clock movement contained within the lid for display when the egg was opened. Whiteside also contributed to the Fighting AIDS fundraiser by designing a jacket for Design Industries Foundation that had sold for a large amount. Another display Whiteside created was at the invitation of Anita Madden of Louisville, Kentucky.
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The French interior designer Stéphane Boudin built upon Parish's contributions, replacing the Truman era hotel style furniture with late 18th and early 19th century French antiques. The furnishings today are mostly in the Louis XVI style, assembled during the Kennedy restoration. Two short columns of green marble were designed by Stéphane Boudin to hold antique, electrified candelabras and Boudin also found the bronze doré and rock crystal 18th century chandelier in Paris for the room. A suite of American manufactured painted wood Neoclassical settee, six armchairs and four side chairs, were reupholstered in a wool and silk velvet faux tiger print during the administration of George W. Bush and moved to the adjoining Center Hall.
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Dainichi Nyorai by Unkei; Japanese cypress with lacquer and gold leaf; rock crystal eyes The at the Shingon temple of Enjō-ji in Nara is the earliest and best-substantiated work by Japanese master sculptor Unkei. An inscription on the pedestal records that he began work on the piece in 1175 and brought it to completion the following year. The sculpture has been designated a National Treasure.The statue was designated a National Treasure in 1920, under the 1897 Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law; with the 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, the statue was redesignated an Important Cultural Property; the statue was again designated a National Treasure in 1993.
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In the 7th century there emerged a resurgence of metalworking with new techniques such as gold filigree that allowed ever smaller and more detailed ornamentations, especially on the penannular and pseudo-penannular Celtic brooches that were important symbols of status for the elite, and also worn by clergy as part of their vestments. The Tara Brooch and Ardagh Hoard are among the most magnificent Insular examples, whilst the 7th century royal jewelry from the Sutton Hoo ship burial shows a Pre- Christian Anglo-Saxon style. They brought together all of the available skills of the goldsmith in one piece: ornamentation applied to a variety of techniques and materials, chip carving, filigree, cloisonné and rock crystal.
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A shire hall, courthouse and guildhall are known to have exited and were probably located north of the church. A minor skirmish of the English Civil War took place in August 1644 outside what was then the cornhill, now the area of Fore Street between the Community Centre and the former George Inn. The Alfred Jewel, an object about long, made of filigree gold, cloisonné-enamelled and with a rock crystal covering, was found in 1693 at Petherton Park, North Petherton. Believed to have been owned by Alfred the Great it is thought to have been the handle for a pointer that would have fit into the hole at its base and been used while reading a book.
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Woodbridge, CT: Twayne Publishers, 1986 One book that was particularly valuable to him was Gregory the Great's Cura Pastoralis (Pastoral Care). This is a priest's guide on how to care for people. Alfred took this book as his own guide on how to be a good king to his people; hence, a good king to Alfred increases literacy. Alfred translated this book himself and explains in the preface: What is presumed to be one of these "æstel" (the word only appears in this one text) is the gold, rock crystal and enamel Alfred Jewel, discovered in 1693, which is assumed to have been fitted with a small rod and used as a pointer when reading.
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Surviving stones used in decoration are semi-precious ones, with amber and rock crystal among the commonest, and some garnets. Coloured glass, enamel and millefiori glass, probably imported, are also used.Youngs, 72–115, and 170–174 on techniques; Ryan, Michael in Oxford Art Online, S2, Wilson, 113–114, 120–130 The Ardagh Chalice and the Derrynaflan Hoard of chalice, paten with stand, strainer, and basin (only discovered in 1980) are the most outstanding pieces of church metalware to survive (only three other chalices, and no other paten, survive). These pieces are thought to come from the 8th or 9th century, but most dating of metalwork is uncertain, and comes largely from comparison with manuscripts.
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It contains features such as ashlar blocks, poros- stone plaques and blocks, plaster, wood, stucco floor tiles, gypsum, kouskoura slabs, mud bricks, ironstone blocks, schist plaques, blue marble flooring, incurved concave altars, wooden columns and pillars, frescoes and Polytheron doorways. A variety of Porphyrite stone lamps, vases, amphorae, cooking pots, cups, lamps, tools and every-day domestic items such as tweezers have been unearthed at the site. Southwest of Tourkoyeitonia, more of the palace is found. While little remains of the architecture, the walls that are preserved are Middle Minoan III-Late Minoan IA. Linear A tablets and the model of a house were excavated at The Archive along with MMIII-LMIA pottery and several unworked pieces of rock crystal, obsidian and steatite.
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Making use of both written sources and burial evidence from Anglo-Saxon England and neighbouring parts of Europe, Meaney focuses on the role of amber, jet, amethyst and the potential magical associations which they had in Early Medieval society. She also looks at burial evidence for the use as quartz in creating rock crystal beads and spindle whorls and also the burial of crystal balls and sieve spoons, speculating on any magical uses that such items might have had by comparing them with Medieval literary sources and later folklore. She proceeds to look into the role of quartz pebbles, holed stones, pyrites and chalk and other white substances, all of which have been found in Anglo- Saxon graves.Meaney 1981. pp. 67-101.
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The last of the Banu Hud, Imad al-Dawl Abd al-Malik (Abdelmalik) Al Hud, the last king of Zaragoza, forced to abandon his capital, allied himself with the Christian kingdom of Aragon under Alfonso the Battler,The rock crystal "Eleanor Vase" given by Eleanor of Aquitaine to the Basilica of Saint Denis and elaborately mounted by Abbot Suger, is conserved in the Louvre. The mounts are inscribed with the vase's provenance. It owner Mitadolus was not identified as Imad al-Dawl until 1993 (George T. Beech, "The Eleanor of Aquitaine Vase, William IX of Aquitaine, and Muslim Spain" Gesta 32.1 (1993), pp. 3-10). It appears to have been a gift to William IX of Aquitaine about this time, in hopes of securing his support.
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One of the Visby lenses in a silver setting The Visby lenses are a collection of lens-shaped manufactured objects made of rock crystal (quartz) found in several Viking graves on the island of Gotland, Sweden, and dating from the 11th or 12th century. Some were in silver mounts with filigree, the mounting covering the back of the lens, and were probably used as jewellery; it has been suggested that the lenses themselves are much older than their mounts. Some of the lenses can be seen at the Fornsal historical museum in Visby, while some are in the Swedish National Museum in Stockholm, and others have been lost. It was reported by Otto Ahlström in 1950 that most have aspheric surfaces.
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The Visby lenses provide evidence that sophisticated lens-making techniques were being used by artisans over 1,000 years ago, at a time when researchers had only just begun to explore the laws of refraction. According to Schmidt and his co-workers, it is clear that the artisans worked by trial and error, since the mathematics to calculate the best form for a lens were not discovered until several hundred years later. It has been suggested that the knowledge required to make such lenses was restricted to only a few people, and perhaps only one. Excavations at Fröjel on Gotland in 1999 discovered evidence of local manufacture of beads and lenses from rock crystal, with unworked pieces of crystal coexisting with partially finished beads and lenses.
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Fitted inside a velvet-lined compartment is a precise replica, less than four inches long, of the 18th-century Imperial coach that carried the Tsarina Alexandra to her coronation at Moscow's Uspensky Cathedral. The red colour of the original coach was recreated using strawberry coloured translucent enamel and the blue upholstery of the interior was also reproduced in enamels. The coach is surmounted by the Imperial Crown in rose diamonds and six double- headed eagles on the roof; it is fitted with engraved rock crystal windows and platinum tyres decorated with a diamond-set trellis in gold and an Imperial eagle in diamonds at either door. The miniature is complete with moving wheels, opening doors, actual C-spring shock absorbers and a tiny folding step-stair.
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The special thing about the Ambras- collections is, that they are still where they were meant to be seen. Still you can find corals arranged in cabinet-boxes, turnery made of wood or ivory, glass figures, or porcelain and silk paintings which belong to the oldest European collections of Asian, African and American art (exotica). Also important works of European artists, like the carved "little death" made of wood by Hans Leinberger can be found, as well as typical Kunstkammer - objects like handstones, goblets made of rhinoceros horn, coconut or rock crystal, animals made of bronze, music- and measuring instruments, automats and clocks. A very important part of the collection were portraits of wondrous persons like the hairy people, Vlad Dracula and others.
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Bashneft oil pumps Quarry near Sibay The Republic of Bashkortostan is one of the richest territories of Russia in mineral resources with deposits of some 3,000 mineral resources. Bashkortostan is rich in crude oil reserves, and was one of the principal centers of oil extraction in the Russian Federation. Other major resources are natural gas, coal, ferrous metal ores, manganese, chromite, iron ores, non-ferrous metals ores (lead, tungsten), non-metallic ores (rock crystal, fluorite, Iceland spar, sulfide pyrites, barite, silicates, silica, asbestos, talcum), deposits of precious and semi-precious stones and natural stones (malachite, jade, granite). The republic has enough mineral resources to provide its power and fuel complex as well as petrochemical, chemical, agro-industrial complex, ferrous and non- ferrous metallurgy, glass-making and ceramic branches with raw materials.
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In the Cairo museum may be seen the statue of a man from the period of the Great Pyramid of Giza, possibly 4000 B.C. The expression of the face and the realism of the carriage have never been surpassed by any Egyptian sculptor of this or any other period. The figure is carved out of a solid block of sycamore, and in accordance with the Egyptian custom the arms are joined on. The eyes are inlaid with pieces of opaque white quartz, with a line of bronze surrounding to imitate the lid; a small disk of transparent rock crystal forms the iris, while a tiny bit of polished ebony fixed behind the crystal imparts to it a lifelike sparkle. The IV., V. and VI. dynasties cover the finest period of Egyptian sculpture.
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Some individuals believe in the paranormal claim that crystal skulls can produce a variety of miracles. Anna Mitchell-Hedges claimed that the skull she allegedly discovered could cause visions and cure cancer, that she once used its magical properties to kill a man, and that in another instance, she saw in it a premonition of the John F. Kennedy assassination.Various authors. "The Crystal Skulls" Skeptic magazine. Vol. 14, No. 2. 2008. Page 89. In the 1931 play The Satin Slipper by Paul Claudel, King Philip II of Spain uses "a death's head made from a single piece of rock crystal," lit by "a ray of the setting sun," to see the defeat of the Spanish Armada in its attack on the Kingdom of England (day 4, scene 4, pp. 243–44).Claudel, Paul.
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There is no literary evidence that a Greek colony existed at Tsikhisdziri, but archaeological excavations revealed the 5th-century BC burials of adults and of children in amphorae, set down into levels of earlier dune-settlement. Artifacts unearthed there include an Attic skyphos of Corinthian type and lekythos of the Haimon painter, dated to c. 470. A collection of the 3rd-century AD items—gold jewelry, silver and bronze vessels, beads, and coins—and now known as the Tsikhisdziri treasure was found there in 1907 and then acquired by the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Part of this collection is a rock crystal intaglio depicting a bearded man identified as the Roman emperor Lucius Verus: the design was gilded and the stone was polished to allow the image to be seen through the transparent material.
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The most important artifacts were discovered in layer VIII, associated with modern Homo sapiens and dated to about 30,000 BP. From this layer scientists excavated the oldest boomerang in the world, made from a mammoth tusk and the oldest bones of Homo sapiens in Poland (two finger bones). The layer also contained two antler wedges, pendants made of perforated canine teeth of fox or arctic fox, bone beads, a pendant of unknown purpose, possibly a whistle, made of a perforated cone snail shell on which traces of ochre were found. The tool inventory of layer VIII contained a wide range of raw material: Jurassic Cracow flint, chocolate flint, both imported from northern regions, local radiolarite, and rock crystal probably from northern Slovakia. Some of the stone tools were made of raw material imported from a great distance.
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An accident apparently directed René-Just Haüy's attention to what became a new field in natural history, crystallography. Haüy was examining a broken specimen of calcareous spar in the collection of Jacques de France de Croisset. (According to some accounts, Haüy dropped the specimen and caused it to break.) He became intrigued by the perfectly smooth plane of the fracture. Pearwood model of rock crystal rhomboid, made by René- Just Haüy, Teylers Museum Integrant molecules form a pentagonal dodecahedron of pyrite, Traité de minéralogie (1801) Studying the fragments inspired Haüy to make further experiments in crystal cutting. Breaking down crystals to the smallest pieces possible, Haüy concluded that each type of crystal has a fundamental primitive, nucleus or “integrant molecule” of a particular shape, that could not be broken further without destroying both the physical and chemical nature of the crystal.
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The son of a goldsmith, Luigi (1726–1785), Valadier was born in Rome in 1762. He also occasionally provided designs for silver, such as the "York Chalice" for Henry Cardinal York (1800–01), the grand silver table service for Monsignor Antonio Odescalchi (1795–97) and the similar Rospigliosi-Pallavicini service, begun in 1803 which he partly produced in the silver workshop he directly oversaw and partly sub-contracted to other Roman silversmiths. Valadier also designed some furniture and other decorative arts, such as the rock crystal and silver reliquary for relics of the Holy Crib in Santa Maria Maggiore, for Pope Pius IX. Valadier worked in Rome and elsewhere in the Papal States, but many of his projects remained on paper. He was named official architetto camerale of the Papal States by Pope Pius VI in 1786.
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Curators refer to "Olmec-style" face masks as despite being Olmec in style, to date no example has been recovered in a controlled archaeological Olmec context. However they have been recovered from sites of other cultures, including one deliberately deposited in the ceremonial precinct of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City), which would presumably have been about 2,000 years old when the Aztecs buried it, suggesting these were valued and collected as Roman antiquities were in Europe.Artworld University of East Anglia collections, see also Lapidiary Journal article, & MMA The Aztecs' own masks are more typically of turquoise inlay, the Mayans' of jade inlay (see gallery). Another supposed type of Pre-Columbian hardstone carving is the rock crystal skull; however experts are now satisfied that all known large (life-size) examples are 19th-century forgeries, though some miniature ones may be genuinely Pre-Columbian.
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Main face of the cumdach for Molaise's Gospels, 11th century A cumdach () or book shrine is an elaborate ornamented box or case used as a reliquary to enshrine books regarded as relics of the saints who had used them in Early Medieval Ireland. They are normally later than the book they contain, often by several centuries,Warner, xliv typically the book comes from the heroic age of Irish monasticism before 800, and the surviving cumdachs date from after 1000, although it is clear the form dates from considerably earlier. Several were then considerably reworked in the Gothic period. The usual form is a design based on a cross on the main face, with use of large gems of rock crystal or other semi-precious stones, leaving the spaces between the arms of the cross for more varied decoration.
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Purple amethyst cane handle by Fabergé with white enamel, rose and yellow gold, and a string of pearls. Circa 1890–1898 Amongst Fabergé’s more popular creations were the miniature hardstone carvings of people, animals and flowers carved from semi-precious or hardstones and embellished with precious metals and stones. The most common animal carvings were elephants and pigs but included custom made miniatures of pets of the British Royal family and other notables. The flower sculptures were complete figural tableaus, which included small vases in which carved flowers were permanently set, the vase and "water" were done in clear rock crystal (quartz) and the flowers in various hardstones and enamel.Carl Faberge and His Successors: Hardstone Figures The figures were typically only 25–75 mm long or wide, with some larger and more rare figurines reaching 140–200 mm tall,A.
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John Littleton/Kate Vogel This sculpture belongs to the artists' "Crystal" series of forms Although Littleton had cast a gloved hand in glass in 1979, it was not until 1989 that he and Vogel began to explore glass casting in earnest. The large, work-worn hands of an artist friend inspired one of their early sculptures; initially cast in plaster, the hands and arms, as well as the faces, of family members and friends, children and adults, appeared in subsequent works. Their "Crystal" series includes blocks of colorless crystal glass, faceted to look like large pieces of rock crystal; in the center of the transparent forms frosty white hands (which are actually hand-shaped voids in the glass) hold small rock crystals aloft. The artists left these crystalline forms in favor of cast cubes of crystal that entrap three-dimensional faces and hands.
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Over time the wood disintegrated and the ship's remains and cargo became buried in deep sand and mud. By mapping and recording all finds, the team is able to identify scatter patterns, which eventually serve as pointers to substantial deposits. Now, working further north than ever before, the crew of the company's primary search vessel, Blue Water Rose, have made astounding discoveries of elaborate gold artifacts, chains and jewelry, gold bars, rare silver coins, a gold and rock crystal religious reliquary, a captivating solid gold combination toothpick/earwax removal spoon, a magnificent solid gold chalice, and one of Santa Margarita's most serendipitous hidden treasures-a lead box containing 16,184 rare and valuable natural pearls, not listed on the ship's manifest-now believed to have originated from the pearl island of Margarita. Artifacts from the ship are currently on display at the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Museum in Key West.
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The sword is a double-edged, two-handed longsword, approximately four feet long, with a solid-silver crossguard. The acid-etched inscription in Russian and English reads: > ГРАЖДАНАМ СТАЛИНГРАДА • КРЕПКИМ КАК СТАЛЬ • ОТ КОРОЛЯ ГЕОРГА VI • В ЗНАК > ГЛУБОКОГО ВОСХИЩЕНИЯ БРИТАНСКОГО НАРОДА > TO THE STEEL-HEARTED CITIZENS OF STALINGRAD • THE GIFT OF KING GEORGE VI • > IN TOKEN OF THE HOMAGE OF THE BRITISH PEOPLE The hand grip is bound in 18 carat gold wire and has a pommel of rock crystal with a gold rose of England. Each end of the crossguard is fashioned in the likeness of the head of a leopard and finished with parcel gilt.Olof Janson, The Sword of Stalingrad Page, with original pictures & information courtesy of Robert Wilkinson Latham, son of John Wilkinson Latham of the Wilkinson Sword Co. The double-edged blade is lenticular in cross section and hand-forged out of the finest Sheffield steel.
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Finlay, 46 (quoted); MacDougall, 111; Gillies The style of decoration appears influenced by European workshops, and the brooch lacks the post-Insular motifs seen in the Lochbuie Brooch, and other late medieval West Highland objects in various media.Glenn, 147, 185–191 The use of "turrets" as decoration was popular in late medieval jewellery, but usually in far less elaborate forms, with brooches having a number of small projecting turrets around a ring forming the brooch. The dating of the Brooch of Lorn varies somewhat, though all contemporary specialists are clear that it is from well after Robert the Bruce's lifetime. The British Museum describes it as "dated on stylistic grounds to late 16th C but incorporating earlier rock crystal charmstones in which there was revived interest in the 16th C.", and dates its own Lochbuie Brooch, which it believes was by the same hand, to "1600 (circa)".
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The Arms of the Company were designed by Sir Colin Cole, Garter Principal King of Arms, and presented by him at the Installation ceremony of Alderman Sir Peter Gadsden, the Guild's new Master, in 1987. These Arms depict five purses symbolising trade between the five continents, with the sword and wheel of St Catherine together with the water and quayside of the dock, as a reminder of the company's foundation. The Arms are surmounted by a carbocle containing a medieval merchant's cap and the supporters are a dolphin borrowed from the Company of Watermen and Lightermen, who originally gave the company sanctuary in the City of London, and the sea dragon of the City as a mark of respect for its commands. The Master's Badge of office displays the Company's coat of arms mounted on a piece of rock crystal, donated by the World Trade Centre of Rio de Janeiro, carved with an outline of five continents.
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He had just published Le Néo-Plasticisme—a collection of writings by Mondrian—and Theo van Doesburg's Classique-Baroque-Moderne. Csaky's showed a series of works at Rosenberg's gallery in December 1920. Jacques Lipchitz, 1918, Instruments de musique (Still Life), bas relief, stone For the following three years, Rosenberg purchased Csaky's entire artistic production. In 1921 Rosenberg organized an exhibit titled Les maîtres du Cubisme, a group show that featured works by Csaky, Gleizes, Metzinger, Mondrian, Gris, Léger, Picasso, Laurens, Braque, Herbin, Severini, Valmier, Ozenfant and Survage. Csaky's works of the early 1920s reflect a distinct form of Crystal Cubism, and were produced in a wide variety of materials, including marble, onyx and rock crystal. They reflect a collective spirit of the time, "a puritanical denial of sensuousness that reduced the cubist vocabulary to rectangles, verticals, horizontals," writes Balas, "a Spartan alliance of discipline and strength" to which Csaky adhered in his Tower Figures.
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Along with its precision and technical watches, Charles Oudin has always made watches whose elegant design and decoration were among the most fashionable, made by the finest artisans of the French capital. Among them: \- A gold and enamel purse- shaped watch, whose cover was adorned with diamonds and a star set with amethysts and diamonds, made circa 1860 \- Cruciform watches, the earliest of which date from 1859; one of these watches, which was set with diamonds, sapphires and rubies, was created for the Queen of Spain circa 1860 \- A skeleton pendant watch in rock crystal, set with diamonds, with the motto "Dieu mon droit" in enamel cartouches on the watch face, made for the British royal family, shown at the 1862 Universal Exhibition of London \- Around 1920, as watches worn on the wrist grew in popularity, Oudin offered its first wristwatches for gentlemen and ladies. Some of these watches, with gold or platinum cases, were decorated with precious stones such as emeralds, sapphires, pearls, and diamonds.
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The art was produced by and for the court circle and a group of important monasteries under Imperial patronage; survivals from outside this charmed circle show a considerable drop in quality of workmanship and sophistication of design. The art was produced in several centres in what are now France, Germany, Austria, northern Italy and the Low Countries, and received considerable influence, via continental mission centres, from the Insular art of the British Isles, as well as a number of Byzantine artists who appear to have been resident in Carolingian centres. The Lothair Crystal, engraved rock crystal, mid-9th century There was for the first time a thoroughgoing attempt in Northern Europe to revive and emulate classical Mediterranean art forms and styles, that resulted in a blending of classical and Northern elements in a sumptuous and dignified style, in particular introducing to the North confidence in representing the human figure, and setting the stage for the rise of Romanesque art and eventually Gothic art in the West. The Carolingian era is part of the period in medieval art sometimes called the "Pre-Romanesque".
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The fourth and last section shows the objects which adorned the sacred places of the basilica in the past. Pieces of great visual suggestion are the two busts from the 18th century: one of Pope Pius V, promoter of the famous battle of Lepanto in 1571, and one of St. Dominic, founder of the Dominican order, represented according with the typical iconography: a star on his head, a dog running with a torch in his mouth, and a church. Among the other items exhibited in this section: a rock crystal and golden bronze crucifix, fabulous wooden and silver lamina vases with mother-of-pearl flowers, and precious nineteenth-century candelabra in silver copper. All these relics prove the European leadership which Naples had gained in craftsmanship and handmade fashion sectors since Middle Ages. During the 16th and 17th centuries, silk was one of the most considerable entries in the kingdom’s balance sheet, and the available data demonstrate that the silk production and trade activities were still significant for the economy of the Kingdom of the two Sicilies during the 18th and 19th centuries.
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The Introduction (pp. 131–135) is by Ralph Pinder-Wilson, who shared the catalogue entries with Waffiya Essy. From various documentary references glassmaking and glass trading seems to have been a speciality of the Jewish minority in several centres.Encyclopaedia Judaica, "Glass", Online version Mamluk mosque lamp Between the 8th and early 11th centuries the emphasis in luxury glass is on effects achieved by "manipulating the surface" of the glass, initially by incising into the glass on a wheel, and later by cutting away the background to leave a design in relief.Arts, 131–133 The very massive Hedwig glasses, only found in Europe, but normally considered Islamic (or possibly from Muslim craftsmen in Norman Sicily), are an example of this, though puzzlingly late in date.Arts, 131, 141 These and other glass pieces probably represented cheaper versions of vessels of carved rock crystal (clear quartz), themselves influenced by earlier glass vessels,Arts, 141 and there is some evidence that at this period glass cutting and hardstone carving were regarded as the same craft.
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Its western gallery contains the famous Holy Blood altarpiece of the Würzburg wood carver Tilman Riemenschneider, carved 1500-1505, (illustrated below) which includes a rock crystal reliquary cross (c. 1270). The altar includes scenes of the entry into Jerusalem (right wing), Lord's Supper (shrine) with Judas as central figure and the Mount of Olives (left wing). Other important relics include the High Altar (1466 by Friedrich Herlin, a pupil of Rogier van der Weyden ; also known as the Twelve Apostles Altar) in the east choir, which represents on its back side the oldest depiction of the city of Rothenburg and rare images of the Jakobs pilgrim legend, as well as an altar of Tilman Riemenschneider and Mary Coronation altar with sculptures from different centuries, including the Riemenschneider school. The stained glass windows of the east chancel are adorned with valuable images from 1350-1400 AD, including the left window (about 1400) with scenes of the life of the Virgin Mary, central window (circa 1350) with scenes from Christ's life and passion, and right window (about 1400) representing Christ's work of redemption and sacraments.
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In 1820, the English astronomer Sir John F.W. Herschel discovered that different individual quartz crystals, whose crystalline structures are mirror images of each other (see illustration), rotate linear polarization by equal amounts but in opposite directions.Herschel, J.F.W. (1820) "On the rotation impressed by plates of rock crystal on the planes of polarization of the rays of light, as connected with certain peculiarities in its crystallization," Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1 : 43–51. Jean Baptiste Biot also observed the rotation of the axis of polarization in certain liquidsBiot, J. B. (1815) "Phenomene de polarisation successive, observés dans des fluides homogenes" (Phenomenon of successive polarization, observed in homogeneous fluids), Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris, 190–192. and vapors of organic substances such as turpentine.Biot (1818 & 1819) "Extrait d'un mémoire sur les rotations que certaines substances impriment aux axes de polarisation des rayons lumineux" (Extract from a memoir on the [optical] rotations that certain substances impress on the axes of polarization of light rays), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 2nd series, 9 : 372-389 ; 10 : 63-81 ; for Biot's experiments with turpentine vapor (vapeur d'essence de térébenthine), see pp. 72-81.
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