He calls himself an Enlightenment man, but he's really a scientific rationalist.
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Herbert was a rationalist — at the time, he was a commodities trader.
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A purely rationalist language would no longer be able to express community or faith.
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This week, an anonymous internet person calling himself the "Hyper Rationalist" launched a Change.
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But if this rationalist assumption seems natural these days, it is not necessarily permanent.
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Haider Shah, of the Rationalist Society of Pakistan, said the blasphemy allegations endangered the activists.
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It stripped out the terrible rationalist rhetoric, favoring pure puzzle-solving in a pretty space.
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In our secular rationalist cultures, chance tends to be publicly acknowledged only as random noise.
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In the rationalist world, why would you perform the actions unless you already had the beliefs?
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With all due respect to the Enlightenment, rationalist worry about who Cain's wife could have been is naïve.
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Oppenheim bore into my head a squirrelly vibe of feral fairy-tales in which rationalist rules need not apply.
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Even at their deepest rationalist moments, the meteorite hunters are hoping for life to be changed by celestial intervention.
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So Mr. Macron's rationalist pensions overhaul finds no favor in a union movement uninterested in that brand of equality.
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Yes, we were openly critical of Islam, but we criticized all religions from a rationalist and scientific point of view.
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Greenblatt respects his subject, and still he assumes that the rationalist reading offers up the true meaning of the story.
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The artist Yutaka Matsuzawa, in the forests of Nagano Prefecture, aimed to create a conceptual art that broke from rationalist thought.
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"Yes, he's a rationalist, an atheist and an advocate of the science of evolution — great, so am I," Mr. Norr wrote.
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Dissenting writers are bullied on the pretext that they have outraged religious sentiment; since 2013, some "rationalist" writers have even been murdered.
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That view was held by the Mutazila school of rationalist theology which flourished in Baghdad a millennium ago but was then suppressed.
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Salafism -- also referred to as Wahhabism -- believes in a literalistic reading of the Koran that rejects rationalist interpretations that can engage modernity.
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Technocratic policy-making delivered relative prosperity and security for the majority, and many voters found the rationalist rhetoric of mainstream politicians credible.
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So, more than two millenniums later, did philosophers like the 17th-century rationalist René Descartes and the 17th-century empiricist John Locke.
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In 1995, Professor Thaler joined the faculty at the University of Chicago, the institution most associated with a rationalist approach to economics.
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He is a stickler, a rationalist, and I have been known to throw things, while not exactly at him, then near him.
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The group was led by architect Josep Lluís Sert, a follower and eventually colleague of the famous French rationalist architect Le Corbusier.
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As a Bangladeshi immigrant in the United States, I applaud the sobering, sensitive portrayal of the dire predicament of rationalist thinkers in Bangladesh.
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Just as the reactionary right was rising on YouTube, it was also finding ways to amplify itself inside Google's rationalist culture of debate.
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And before you jump on the rationalist bandwagon and criticize emotion-driven, illogical behavior, ask yourself a simple question: What is money for?
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" Mr. Usher's conclusion echoed Mr. Barr's: "The U.K. system is exquisitely designed according to rationalist principles, but it commands almost no public respect.
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It's not so much that she was resolutely rationalist (though she was), more that she'd be embarrassed to come back in this demonstrative fashion.
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Voltaire, the mainstream rationalist, embraced commerce and progress; he saw little daylight between the celebration of the one and the inevitability of the other.
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One participant, Phoenix Eliot, had recently moved into a shared house where everyone was a ''practicing rationalist'' and reported that the experience had been positive.
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MacFarlane in classic rationalist fashion said he thinks astrology is "a bunch of bullshit," pointing to the fact that the stars are ever changing positions.
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On the night I attended, the artists were lucky enough to find a couple who met at a rationalist association and began a polyamorous relationship.
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With its willingness to ride roughshod over all established certainties and ways of life, classical utopianism was too grandiose, too rationalist and ultimately too cold.
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It was built in the 1930s to honor the Italian people — a very rare example of the Rationalist Movement — but never used because of the war.
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It revels in a rationalist worldview that I was repulsed by throughout, the idea that logic and cold, hard, rational thought will solve all the world's problems.
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Dr. Fodor, an equally ardent rationalist who taught at M.I.T. for many years, expanded Dr. Chomsky's ideas about linguistic innateness to include aspects of mind beyond language.
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Calling Zuckerberg "a rationalist," a former Facebook executive told BuzzFeed News his recent posture is undoubtedly motivated by the Chinese government's lack of concessions on operating there.
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This still-emerging aesthetic trend offers a new interpretation of the increasingly "mathematical" and rationalist world in which we live, re-enchanting the everyday life of homo technologicus.
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In the late 20003s, Dr. Chomsky, a linguist, philosopher and ardent rationalist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, demonstrated that language was not learned behavior, as Skinner believed.
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Meanwhile, men looking for post-Christian enlightenment seem to gravitate toward secular-rationalist cults like the New Atheism, or more recently toward toxic forms of alt-right politics.
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Rationalist intellectuals who campaigned against orthodoxy, such as M.M. Kalburgi, Narendra Dabholkar and Govind Pansare, have been shot dead and their murders linked to certain ultra-Hindu outfits.
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In his memoir, published in 1940, three years before his death, he declared himself to be an out-and-out rationalist, dismayed by the tenacity of religious superstition.
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The museum, housed in a 1933 Rationalist-style building, was established as a venue for the extensive expositions of the decorative and industrial arts held every few years until 1996.
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During the early ninth century, the Mu'tazila school of Islamic theology promoted a rationalist exploration of faith and other subjects, and Arabs searched out the works of the ancient Greeks.
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Early in the 20th century, there was a fundamentalist culture that effectively rejected scientific and rationalist challenges to its beliefs, but it is even less the behemoth its adversaries imagine.
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Mr. Dawkins was to promote his new book, "Science in the Soul: Selected Writings of a Passionate Rationalist," before an audience of hundreds of paying ticket holders on Aug. 9.
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His early musings on the potential and dangers of artificial intelligence during the mid- to late-2000s gave birth to the Rationalist movement, a loose community dedicated to AI safety.
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The book reflects its author in this sense — a skeptical rationalist and a brave man who, it turns out, was also a fine writer with an irreverent and sometimes poetic touch.
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" They continued, in one of the most damning indictments a rationalist can make, "We claim that Skinner's account of learning and Darwin's account of evolution are identical in all but name.
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Like the Los Angeles Clippers for example, who, for International Women's Day, decided to nominate three of their favorite feminists: Maya Angelou, Anne Frank and everyone's favorite objectivist rationalist individualist, Ayn Rand.
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Here is the Hyper Rationalist—who did not want to share his identity, though he said another outlet has discovered it—describing how all that happened: It came out of a joke.
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We have a rationalist constitution, but we have a shared national faith and are an emotional community, rooted in our land, inspired by our history, warmed by the hope of our common future.
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It is interesting that those who claim to defend the creation narrative from rationalist critiques ignore the fact that its deepest moral implications, a profound human bond and likeness, have been scientifically demonstrated.
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At that point the things we have excluded from our minds in order to chase our goal come back to us, like a rationalist correlate of Freud's return of the repressed, with a vengeance.
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The journalist, who lived alone in the city of Bangalore, in southern India, was known as a "rationalist," a term in India for people who stand against superstition and the use of religion in politics.
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The rationalist post-war reconstruction of the West German state, essential to understanding Germany today, is seen in the orderly lines of fields and woods produced by the Flurbereinigung (land-reform consolidations) in the 1950s.
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Italy's Union of Rationalist Atheists and Agnostics (UAAR) has collected a number of instances, including in the theater and dance worlds, where Article 404 of the Italian penal code has been invoked for insulting Catholicism.
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It's a pernicious trope, but far from a new one, dating back to the European Enlightenment, an umbrella term for a number of rationalist, largely secular, philosophical schools of thought that flourished in the 18th century.
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As crises have proliferated—the tumult that followed the Arab Spring, Russia's predatory behavior in Crimea and elsewhere, a coup in Turkey—the Administration's response has been, for better and for worse, cautious, rationalist, and unhurried.
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"The dinosaurs in my series look and think of the world as if they were aliens, but also in a very rationalist and critical manner," Saenz said of his toys he has named 'Dino,' 'Spiny' and 'Brachy'.
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You're a rationalist: people should be able to explain anything they say using the square equivalencies of Reason, anytime you ask them to, regardless of whether they're busy, or don't know you, or just don't want to.
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Even beyond his political patrons, Ramdev is the perfect messenger for a rising middle class that is hungry for religious assertion and fed up with the socialist, rationalist legacy of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first post-independence leader.
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It's an impulse embodied in the life and work of Carla Badiali, the sole woman in the show, whose geometric abstractions were committed to a rationalist perspective inspired by the bold designs of the Futurist architect Antonio Sant'Elia.
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A philosophy graduate and rationalist, Mr Macron does not do folksy politics, and true to style he opted for a conventional form, sitting at the gilt-edged desk in the Elysée palace, framed by the emblems of presidential power.
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So their Writers' Resort is laconic, rationalist and calm: four storeys, built into the lower part of the peninsula, with curved balconies and a glazed stair-tower to offer a view over as much of the lake as possible.
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When Italy's colonial experiment in Eritrea ended in 1941, it left behind an array of Rationalist, Futurist, Art Deco and other Modernist styles in Asmara, a city whose historic heart has changed little since the Italians lived and worked there.
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A philosophy graduate and rationalist, Mr Macron does not do folksy politics, and true to style he opted for a conventional form of address, sitting at the gilt-edged desk in the Elysée palace, framed by the emblems of presidential power.
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Within the very broad, boring — yet intellectually controversial — subject of epistemology, there are two widely held beliefs — the empirical view that experience is the source of all knowledge and the rationalist view that reason is the source of all knowledge.
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For those inclined to believe that the rationalist mind-set, in league with science and technology, is better poised to bring about results than the old emissaries of heaven, "Zero K" reminds them that human nature is one of permanent conflict.
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Whether the American President is a judicious rationalist who cares about international law and disdains the cowboy image or an impulsive narcissist who is indifferent to every norm and just wants to look tough, the images from Syria are the same.
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Yet in these two new works of biography he turns out to be not a severe rationalist, overseeing a totalitarianism of thought, but an inspired and lovable amateur, with an opinion on every subject and an appetite for every occasion.
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So, instead of being forced into, say, rationalist triumphalism (there is no God, and science is His prophet), he can expand the definition of the secular life so that it incorporates many of the elements traditionally thought of as religious.
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Voltaire, the ultra-rationalist who argued that the perfectibility of man was the true paradise, also made a commercial fortune and urged the Russian empress, Catherine the Great, to teach enlightment to the Poles and Turks at the barrel of a gun.
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As Pelizzari writes in the catalogue: A few years after the war, Badiali went back to her studio, proving an ongoing attraction to the art that she had practiced in the mid-1930s, under the influence of Rationalist groups in Como and Milan.
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The rationalist heroine, Kristen, has little in common with Diane, the glam litigator of "The Good Fight," but both women are unsettled by a sense that their value system—the idea that, through careful questioning, truth might emerge—is unmatched with the moment.
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A close student of Isaiah Berlin, and the author of a notable book about him, Gray has clearly absorbed Berlin's sensitivity to the dangers to liberty posed by ideologies, both rationalist and irrationalist, as well as by styles of thought, irrespective of content.
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"Trupti was detained by police following the protests on numerous occasions, and letters threatening to assassinate her in a similar fashion to Narendra Dabholkar [a prominent rationalist and anti-superstition activist assassinated in 2013] have been sent since," a spokesperson told Broadly.
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In 1971, the British critic Raymond Durgnat observed that the "rationalist puritanism" of some critics meant that they often disliked female-driven soap operas and the emotional vulnerability they stir up, but didn't object to what he smartly called the male weepie.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads Lost Profiles: Memoirs of Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism is a diminutive, stylish book that kicks off by appreciatively documenting a curiously seedy period of transition within the anti-rationalist French avant-garde: from Dada to Surrealism.
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The Economist: Almost all the great rationalists that I know are people who at bottom are governed by passion, and I see that in you, a man who is so passionate, as expressed in your novels, but a great rationalist at the same time.
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In Mishra's view, Voltaire—whose long life stretched from 1694 to 1778—was the hyper-rationalist philosophe who brought hostility to religion out into the open in eighteenth-century France, and practiced a callow élitist progressivism that produced Rousseau's romantic search for old-fashioned community.
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It's a bit like the rationalist community, who are trying to find a way around our cognitive blind spots, to apply behavioral economics to get people to do what will be best in the long term, instead of what your emotions tell you is best in the short term.
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The ground-floor wing of the rationalist Triennale edifice will be devoted to around 150 icons of Italian design, among them Ettore Sottsass's carnivalesque "Carlton" room divider for Memphis, Olivetti's affable yellow calculator, Gae Aulenti's biomorphic "Pipistrello" lamp for Martinelli and Vico Magistretti's shuttering "Eclisse" lamp for Artemide.
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As Arthur grew up, his family observed the standard pieties of postwar left-wing French intellectuals, but Arthur's collegiate encounters with computer science and economics had emboldened his self-image as a rationalist in the tradition of French positivism, and he took pleasure in the espousal of hard-headed heresies.
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In art, Gullar is perhaps best known for penning the Neo-Concrete manifesto in 1959, a movement in Rio de Janeiro spearheaded by Hélio Oiticica and Lygia Clark, both good friends of Gullar's, which rejected the more formal, rationalist approach of Concrete Art in favor of participatory sculptures and installations.
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In that sense, Dada conveys an uncomfortable truth: that even a putatively modern, secular, and rationalist culture needs some form of chance-based divination, as is evident in the risk-taking that is essential to market-based neoliberal hegemony (in spite of the obviously disastrous effects upon labor, ecology, and society).
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As a starting point for political activism/artivism, perhaps artists engaged in increasingly vehement expressions of dissent may wish to consider how best to combat the normalization of Trump's impulsive anti-rationalism through the refusing anti-rationalist eyes of Soupault's disaffection, conversely tempered by his journalistic rigor and educational commitment.
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To think that you can escape the storytelling impulse that animates myths, to think you can do politics without relying on these same impulses is a deadly myth of its own, because it means you condemn all these other practitioners — except yourself, of course, because you're the rationalist who stands above it all.
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" Expounding on freedom of religion in general, he declared, "the idea, that a man has less conscience because he is a Rationalist, or a Spiritualist, or even an Atheist, than the believer in any one of the accepted forms of faith, may be current, but it is not a constitutional idea, in the State of Ohio.
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That display, for which Covini was awarded the prestigious Prix de Rome prize, was on view at the event inside the Villa Necchi Campiglio, the grand 1930s-era Rationalist-style home designed by Piero Portaluppi, while outside, the duo assembled an open-air steel-and-wood pavilion lined with beds of snapdragons, forsythia, thistles and daisies.
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And it makes you wonder whether Poussin's decision to undertake a "Triumph of Bacchus" in the first place, and to interpret it so merrily (there seems to be no downside to the Dionysian revels, other than the cosmic revenge suggested by the smoking volcano) constitutes an admission of doubt that calls into question the philosophical purpose of his rationalist enterprise.
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This is what Nietzsche understood so well about the history of rationalist philosophy, and it's what we see vividly illustrated countless times each day by Twitter's "reply guys," who are always ready to jump in with a "Well, actually" to pretty much anything anyone says, and particularly if that person is a woman or someone they think they can easily upstage.
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Of the few furnishings they executed, a number of pieces still live on: Since 1970, Zanotta has produced their Quaderna series of rectilinear tables overlaid with a black-and-white grid pattern (based on the group's theories for the ultimate rationalist solution, reducing architecture to a single template that could be endlessly scaled), which has lately been referenced by such of-the-moment designers as RO/LU and Scholten & Baijings.
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Tarksheel Society (Rationalist Society) is a rationalist group based in Punjab, India.
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Further the name of Indian Rationalist Association was also used by him unauthorisedly. The Indian Rationalist Association has branches in different states of India, with the headquarters of the association located in New Delhi. The Indian Rationalist Association took the initiative to form the Rationalist International in 1995 and organised three International Rationalist Conferences in co-operation with it.
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Ravipudi Venkatadri (రావిపూడి వెంకటాద్రి) Born into a middle class peasant family in 1922 at Nagandla, a village in Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh, Ravipudi Venkatadri turned to rationalist ideas in 1940. He is the founder director of Kavirajasram (1943). He was the president of Rationalist Association of Andhra Pradesh, Rationalist Association of India, Radical Humanist Association, AP, Hema (Rationalist Humanist) foundation, founder editor of Hetuvadi (Rationalist Telugu monthly). Venkatadri is an activist in the rationalist and humanist movements.
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Maharashtra Rationalist Association was one of the first rationalist organisations in Maharashtra. It was headed by noted personalities like Justice Raghavendra A. Jahagirdar, a retired judge of the Bombay High Court who passed several landmark judgments. Yahya A. Lokhandwala, who also served as the president of Indian Rationalist Association, and Rajeev Joshi were other prominent leaders of Maharashtra Rationalist Association. Lokhandwala wrote about rationalist activities in India in international publications like American Atheist Magazine.
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The Rationalist Association, originally the Rationalist Press Association, is an organization in the United Kingdom, founded in 1885 by a group of freethinkers who were unhappy with the increasingly political and decreasingly intellectual tenor of the British secularist movement. The purpose of the Rationalist Press Association was to publish literature that was too anti- religious to be handled by mainstream publishers and booksellers. The Rationalist Press Association changed its name to "The Rationalist Association" in 2002.
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Moral rationalism is similar to the rationalist version of ethical intuitionism; however, they are distinct views. Moral rationalism is neutral on whether basic moral beliefs are known via inference or not. A moral rationalist who believes that some moral beliefs are justified non-inferentially is a rationalist ethical intuitionist. So, rationalist ethical intuitionism implies moral rationalism, but the reverse does not hold.
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He was a Fellow of the Chemical Society and of the Royal Anthropological Institute. A rationalist and sceptic, he was president of the Rationalist Press Association (1940–1947).Cooke, Bill. (2004). The Gathering of Infidels: A Hundred Years of the Rationalist Press Association.
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Sambandham was attracted to Self-Respect Movement led by Rationalist leader Periyar EV Ramasamy. from his college days and he himself became atheist and rationalist.
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Rationalist interests in Australia are represented nationally by the Rationalist Society of Australia. The Global Atheist Convention, a prominent atheist event, has been held in Melbourne.
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"Marijuana and Society", the Australian Rationalist, Vol. 1, No. 5, 1970. "Ivan Illich and Education", Part 1, the Australian Rationalist, Vol. 3, No. 2, December, 1973.
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"Da Vinci, dark materials and dogs in the night". Australian Rationalist, Number 69, Summer, 2005. "The lessons of terror". Australian Rationalist, Number 70, Autumn- Winter, 2005.
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Walter was appointed Managing Editor of the Rationalist Press Association in 1975, but his progressive disability and the fact he was not, as Bill Cooke puts it, "a born administrator"Cooke, Bill (2003), Blasphemy Depot: A Hundred Years of the Rationalist Press Association. London: Rationalist Press Association. . Published in the United States as The Gathering of Infidels: A Hundred Years of the Rationalist Press Association. New York: Prometheus Books.
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After retirement Kovoor devoted his life to the rationalist movement. He spent most of his time building up the Ceylon Rationalist Association, and was its president from 1960 to his death. He edited an annual journal, The Ceylon Rationalist Ambassador. Kovoor became a widower when his wife Konjamma died in 1976.
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Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham (KYS) is a well known rationalist group based in Kerala, India. It stands for rationalism and humanism. It is the initiator of the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations.
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On 20 August 2013, Narendra Dabholkar, a rationalist and anti-superstition campaigner, was assassinated. On 16 February 2015, rationalist Govind Pansare and his wife were attacked by unknown gunmen. He later died from the wounds on 20 February. On 30 August 2015, M. M. Kalburgi, a scholar and rationalist, was shot dead at his home.
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His writings in Rationalist International are translated into English, French, German, Spanish, and Finnish. In February 2011, Edamaruku was elected as a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. (USA) and is an Honorary Associate of New Zealand Association of Rationalists and Humanists and Rationalist Association of UK (formerly Rationalist Press Association). Edamaruku demonstrating a levitation trick.
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Nicolas Walter. Blasphemy: Ancient and Modern. London: Rationalist Press Association, 1990.
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This journal is the official journal of the organization, Bharatheeya Yukthivadi Sangham (Rationalist Association of India). He was also the secretary of the Kerala state branch of Indian Rationalist Association. Pattathanam later left IRA and started, with like-minded people, another rationalist association, Bharathiya Yukthivadi Sangham. He is the co-founder and President of Nastik Nation, an online forum for atheism and freethought.
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The Maharashtra Rationalist Association was an offshoot of the broad social and religious reformation movement in Maharashtra which traces its origin to the nineteenth century in the thoughts and actions of Jyotiba Phule and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar. Shahu Maharaj, Jawaharlal Nehru, Ramaswami Naicker, B.R. Ambedkar, M.N. Roy, Goparaju Ramachandra Rao ‘Gora’ and Sahodaran Ayyappan moulded the rationalist mode of thinking in India in the 20th century. Among the first rationalist organisations in India were Rationalist Association of India which was set up in 1930, and Yukthivadi Sangham which was registered in 1935. The Atheist Centre launched by Mahatma Gandhi's follower Goparaju Ramachandra Rao "Gora" in Andhra Pradesh in 1940, and the Indian Rationalist Association (IRA) set up in Chennai with R.P. Paranjpye as founding president were among the other important organisations in the Indian rationalist movement.
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Ian Robinson speaking at the 2010 Global Atheist Convention Ian Robinson (born 18 November 1940 in Melbourne, Australia) is President Emeritus of the Rationalist Society of Australia and immediate past Chairman of the Rationalist Association of Australia.
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The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism. Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co. pp.
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Johnson was a rationalist and believed that rational thought was vital to morality.
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Powys identified as a rationalist and wrote articles critical of religion in freethought journals such as the Rationalist Annual and The Literary Guide.Foss, Peter John. (1991). A Study of Llewelyn Powys: His Literary Achievement and Personal Philosophy. Edwin Mellen Press. p.
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Sanal Edamaruku is an Indian author and rationalist. He is the founder- president and editor of Rationalist International, the president of the Indian Rationalist Association and the author of 25 books and other articles. In 2012, he was charged by a group of Catholics with blasphemy when he insulted the Catholic faithful while examining a claimed "miracle" at a local church in Mumbai. He moved to Finland to evade arrest.
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Joseph Edamaruku (7 September 1934 – 29 June 2006), popularly identified by his surname Edamaruku, was a journalist and rationalist from Kerala. He was the Delhi Bureau chief of the Malayalam magazine Keralasabdam for more than twenty years, and the founder-editor of Therali, a rationalist periodical in Malayalam. He was president of the Indian Rationalist Association from 1995 to 2005. Joseph Edamaruku influenced a generation of freethinkers in 1970s and 1980s.
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Prior to starting Slate Star Codex, Alexander blogged at the rationalist community blog LessWrong.
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Yukthi Rekha is a rationalist periodical published monthly in Malayalam. It was founded in 1984 by Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham, a rationalist and Marxist group. Pavanan was the founder-editor of the magazine. Kesavan Vellikulangara served on the editorial board of the magazine.
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The Association was very active during the period before the rationalist movement split into several organisations like All India Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti, Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti and, very recently, "We, the Brights." Maharashtra Rationalist Association became inactive over time for unspecified reasons.
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The Science and Rationalists' Association of India () is a rationalist group based in Kolkata, India.
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In 2004 Tarksheel organized the three-day national conference for Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations.
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The Australian writer Greg Egan has featured the Indian Rationalist Association in his novel Teranesia.
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Debate on Homeopathy Vs Modern Medicine held at Nerul, Navi Mumbai, on Sunday, 27 March, 2016. (From Left) Viswanathan C, orthopaedic surgeon, Manoj John, journalist, and N. Sukumaran, homeopathy practitioner. Maharashtra Rationalist Association was an organisation dedicated to spreading rationalism and humanism in Maharashtra, India, and was an integral part of the rationalist movement in Maharashtra. The organisation is succeeded by Mumbai Rationalist Association, which in turn has paved the way for Sapiens Foundation.
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Rationalist () was a Polish magazine published in Warsaw from October 1930 to December 1935 by the Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals, Polish Association of Free Thought. Editor and publisher of "rationalist" was Józef Landau. The leading publicists were: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Henryk Ułaszyn, and Józef Landau.
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Popular perspectives linked to rationalist feminism within international relations include conventional constructivism and quantitative peace research.
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Edward Greenly, Bangor Papers , Bangor University. He contributed several articles to the Rationalist Press Association Annual.
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Hector Hawton (7 February 1901 – 14 December 1975) was a British humanist, novelist and rationalist writer.
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Logo of Indian CSICOP. Indian CSICOP is a well-known rationalist group based at Podanur, Tamil Nadu, India. Founded by Basava Premanand (1930-2009). Indian CSICOP is in the forefront of the rationalist campaigns in India which attempt to expose perceived miracles and to eradicate superstitions.
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Vijaykumar's claims of having miraculous, supernatural, paranormal and spiritual powers have been contested and rebutted repeatedly by rationalists and scientists over the years. In 2002, Bhagavan claimed that miracle of honey flowing from his picture was witnessed by well known Indian Rationalist Hosur Narasimhaiah, who in turn claims not to have witnessed the said miracle. The Dakshina Kannada Rationalist Association, a well known rationalist group based in Mangalore, Karnataka has debunked his various claims of miracles over the years.
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The Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations (FIRA) is an umbrella body of 83 (as of 2012) rationalist, atheist, skeptic, secularist and scientist organisations in India. As an apex body of rationalist organisations, it is committed to the development of scientific temper and humanism in India, involved in promoting tolerance, critical thinking, women's rights, secularization, and freedom of expression, and fighting against the Caste system of Hinduism and its violence (especially towards Dalit population), superstition, pseudoscience, and child marriage.
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Aroj Ali Matubbar (; 17 December 190015 March 1985) was a self-taught philosopher and rationalist from Bangladesh.
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Thus, it can be argued that Galileo was a rationalist, and also that he was an empiricist.
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His son, Charles Albert Watts, remained active in the secularist movement, helping to develop the Rationalist Press Association.
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However, in the eyes of the church Yvon, by appealing to rationalist arguments, was in effect an atheist.
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Mangasar Magurditch Mangasarian (December 29, 1859 – June 26, 1943) was an American rationalist and secularist of Armenian descent.
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He became one of the leaders of the rationalist school of French architecture, particularly with his educational buildings.
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A. F. Salahuddin Ahmed (24 September 1924 – 19 October 2014) was a Bangladeshi historian, humanist and rationalist thinker.
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A chapter in the history of rationalist thought. New York: Harper and Row. Jerry FodorJ. A. Fodor, 1983.
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Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co. pp. 115–130Ernest Hilgard. (1967). Introduction to Psychology. Harcourt, Brace and Company. p. 243.
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Steven Schwarzschild, "To Re-Cast Rationalism," Judaism 2 (1962). Another prominent contemporary Jewish rationalist is Lenn Goodman, who works out of the traditions of medieval Jewish rationalist philosophy. Conservative rabbis Alan Mittleman of the Jewish Theological Seminary and Elliot N. Dorff of American Jewish University also see themselves in the rationalist tradition, as does David Novak of the University of Toronto.Tradition in the public square: a David Novak reader, page xiv Novak works in the natural law tradition, which is one version of rationalism.
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Indian CSICOP is an affiliate of the US-based skeptical group CSICOP and it publishes Indian Skeptic, a rationalist periodical. It is also affiliated to the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations, which is an apex body of about 65 rationalist, atheist and organizations aimed at popularization of science among laypersons. It is an associate member of International Humanist and Ethical Union based in London. One of the main targets of criticism by the Indian Skeptic are the miracles and magic of the guru Sathya Sai Baba.
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"Islam: a rationalist response". Australian Rationalist, Number 62, Autumn, 2003. "Bruce Doull: No Frills, No Fuss" in Stephanie Holt & Garrie Hutchinson (eds): Footy's Greatest Players, Coulomb Publications, 2003. "How I was Mistaken for a Korean Athlete because of my Bad French" in Garrie Hutchinson (ed): Best Sports Writing of 2004, Black Inc, 2004.
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E. A. Jabbar is an Indian humanist, rationalist, orator, writer, and retired school teacher from Kerala. He is best known as a critic of Quran and Islam. He is an active member of various rationalist organisations. He was a member of Kerala State Teachers' Association (KSTA), a CPI (M)'s teacher's wing.
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Mangasarian considered himself a Rationalist or a Secularist not an Atheist, since he considered atheism a non- verifiable belief system.
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9-10, Oct/Nov 1984, pp. 271-275. Owen, Mary, 'Edna Minna Ryan', Australian Rationalist, no. 43 Autumn-Winter, 1997.
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In his 1995 paper titled "Rationalist Explanations of War", James Fearon examines the five, predominant rationalist explanations for war and aims to evaluate their theoretical strength and empirical plausibility. He concludes that the first three rationalist explanations of warfare are not robust explanations within the rationalist framework because they do not explain away the fact that states can still reach a negotiated bargain in those cases. In all of the first three explanations, negotiation is still a more rational course of action than war. Fearon concludes that asymmetric information and commitment problems are the two sufficient explanations for why rational actors might choose to wage war because they appropriately explain why an actor's most rational choice is to fight instead of negotiate.
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The well-known rationalist Pavanan was founder and editor of Yukithirekha and was president of the organization for several years. Other presidents have included U. Kalanathan. Like many rationalist organizations in India they conduct demonstrations to expose god men as frauds. They also support those who defy fundamentalist taboos and support inter-caste marriages.
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As a rationalist, Pavanan was the founder- Chief-editor of Yukthirekha, the organ of Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham, a well- known rationalist group in Kerala. He was the organization's president for a long time before he was afflicted with Alzheimer's disease from which he had been suffering for the last 4–5 years of his life.
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Rationalist philosophers from France and England had an enormous impact during the 18th century, along with the German Rationalists Christian Wolff, Gottfried Leibniz, and Immanuel Kant. Their work led to an increase in rationalist beliefs, "at the expense of faith in God and agreement with the Bible". In 1709, Valentin Ernst Löscher warned that this new Rationalist view of the world fundamentally changed society by drawing into question every aspect of theology. Instead of considering the authority of divine revelation, he explained, Rationalists relied solely on their personal understanding when searching for truth.
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To accommodate these residents, in the 1920s the Bolshevik administration built the Rationalist Usachevka housing project and Constructivist Kauchuk Factory Club.
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Baba Brinkman's "Rationalist Anthem" Off That appeared exclusively as part of Geek Pop 2010, featuring a video animated by Tommy Nagle.
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"Ivan Illich and Education", Part 2, the Australian Rationalist, Vol. 4, No. 1, February, 1974. Weekly theatre reviews. The National Times.
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By 1959 the Association had reached its highest membership, with more than 5,000 members. Yet its success also contributed to its demise: rationalist literature became so popular that the Association's readership was taken by larger, more established mainstream publishers. The result was a steady decline in membership. In 2002 the Association changed its name to The Rationalist Association.
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Issue of Yukthivadi dated 4 April 1936 Yukthivadi (The Rationalist) was the first rationalist/atheist journal published in Malayalam. The contribution made by Yukthivadi to the renaissance of Kerala, India is significant. The launch of Yukthivadi marks the beginning of organised rationalism in Kerala, which is a key constituent of the Reformation Movement in the state.
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Rationalist humanism, or rational humanism or rationalistic humanism, is one of the strands of Age of Enlightenment. It had its roots in Renaissance humanism, as a response to Middle Age religious integralism and obscurantism. Rationalist humanism tradition includes Tocqueville and Montesquieu, and in the 19th century, Élie Halévy. Other strands of the Enlightenment included scientific naturalism.
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There are several rationalist explanations for why states go to war. The first rationalist explanation for war is that of anarchy. Within a state, the existence of a central government that controls the means to violence keeps people in check. However, in international relations, there does not exist a central government that can coerce and monopolize violence.
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The competition and ideological debate between the two newspapers identified the two main branches of the Lithuanian movement – rationalist nationalists and conservative Catholics.
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It creates a "rationalist and philosophic climate."R. C. Zaehner, TM (1956, 1976) at 67.Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Medhi Aminrazavi at 5.
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The station building was built in 1935, in a rationalist style, similar to Helsinki Central railway station. Its architect was Antonio Gascué Echeverría.
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The local headquarters of the Balilla groups were called Casa del Balilla. Many of them were purpose-built in the Italian rationalist style.
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He was known for his criticism of superstition and idol worship. Soon afterwards, another rationalist and author, K. S. Bhagwan, received a threatening letter. He had offended religious groups by criticizing the Gita. In March 2017, an Indian Muslim youth from Coimbatore, 31-year-old A Farooq, who became rationalist and atheist, was killed by members of a Muslim radical group.
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This work showed Bauer was faithful to the Hegelian Rationalist theology that interpreted all miracles in Naturalistic terms. Consistent with his Hegelian Rationalism, Bauer continued in 1840 with, Kritik der evangelischen Geschichte des Johannes (Critique of the Evangelical History of John). In 1841 Bauer continued his Rationalist theme with, Kritik der evangelischen Geschichte der Synoptiker (Critique of the Evangelical History of the Synoptics).
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He established Hetuvadi, Teluugu monthly magazine for Rationalism and Humanism in September 1982 as the Editor to propagate the aims of Andhra Pradesh Rationalist Association to which he was elected president in 1979. He headed Rationalist Association of India for over two decades . He is now the Chairman to it. He toured America and Europe to participate in Humanist Conferences in 1993.
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Belief in these phenomena is presented as the result of ignorance and prejudice, which was eventually dispersed by the rise of rationalist philosophy in the 18th century. Witchcraft prosecutions were, he points out, often directed against heretics and political undesirables. Throughout he treats his subjects in the analytical, rationalist manner to be expected of an heir of the Scottish Enlightenment.
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The dogmatism of the Puritan divines, with their anti- rationalist demands, was, they felt, incorrect. They also felt that the Calvinist insistence on individual revelation left God uninvolved with the majority of mankind. At the same time, they were reacting against the reductive materialist writings of Thomas Hobbes. They felt that the latter, while rationalist, were denying the idealistic part of the universe.
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Periyar is a 2007 Tamil biographical film, made about the life of the social reformer and rationalist Periyar E. V. Ramasamy Making of Periyar with Sathyaraj who himself is a rationalist in the lead role. This movie was partly funded by the then Tamil Nadu government headed by Karunanidhi. The film was dubbed in Telugu and released as Periyar Ramaswamy Naicker.
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Andrzej Niemojewski (24 January 1864 – 3 November 1921) was a Polish social and political activist, poet, rationalist and writer of the Young Poland period.
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Designed by the architect Angiolo Mazzoni, the two part passenger building is an example of rationalist architecture, with large spaces and imposing linear elements.
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Prometheus Books. p. 381. He was managing director of the Rationalist Press Association (1952–1971) and editor for The Humanist."Hector Hawton". Conway Hall.
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Puthan Veetil Narayanan Nair (26 October 1925 – 22 June 2006) was a well-known rationalist, literary critic and left wing political activist from Kerala, India.
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Herrick is a trustee of the Rationalist Association and was editor of its journal New Humanist for 18 years from 1984. He subsequently became literary editor of New Humanist until his retirement in 2005. He was the recipient of the second International Rationalist Award in the year 2002. He was editor of International Humanist News, published by the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU).
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Founded in 1984 under the leadership of Megh Raj Mitter & Sarjit Talwar. Tarksheel Society aims to disseminate rationalist ideas and scientific temper among the Indian people in order to eradicate religious fanaticism, communalism, caste system, untouchability and superstitions. Affiliated to Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations, Tarksheel Society advocates the separation of religion and education. The society has units in almost all the villages and towns of Punjab.
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In international relations rationalist feminism employs feminist empiricism to explain the political landscape. Rationalist feminism examines state, transnational and institutional actors, and specifically looks at causal relationships between these actors and gender issues. Quantitative data is used to relate gender to these phenomena. This may be done by directly correlating gender data to specific state behaviors, or indirectly by examining a "gender gap" through indirect causal relationships.
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In 1890 Watts formed the Propagandist Press Committee, with George Jacob Holyoake as President, in order to circumvent the problem caused by booksellers who refused to handle secularist books. Holyoake remained president as the committee changed its name to the Rationalist Press Committee and finally settled on the Rationalist Press Association in 1899.Joseph McCabe. 1908. Life and Letters of George Jacob Holyoake, Volume 2.
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Ultimately, hard labor became the preferred rationalist therapy.Hirsch, 23. Bentham eventually adopted this approach, and his well-known 1791 design for the Panopticon prison called for inmates to labor in solitary cells for the course of their imprisonment. Another rationalist, William Eden, collaborated with John Howard and Justice William Blackstone in drafting the Penitentiary Act of 1779, which called for a penal regime of hard labor.
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First edition (publ. Harper & Row) The term Cartesian linguistics was coined with the publication of Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought (1966), a book on linguistics by Noam Chomsky. The word "Cartesian" is the adjective pertaining to René Descartes, a prominent 17th- century philosopher. However, rather than confine himself to the works of Descartes, Chomsky surveys other authors interested in rationalist thought.
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From the late 1920s, Pagano had adopted a rationalist position, influenced by Futurism and the European avant-gardes – he became an architect caught between the theory and practice of Fascist Italy whose approach advocated for a triad of Unity, Abstraction and Coherence.Flavia Marcello, “Giuseppe Pagano: A Rationalist Caught between Theories & Practices of Fascist Italy”, Architectural Theory Review, vol. 8, no. 2, 2003, 96–112.
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She has also served as a Director of the Rationalist Press Association. British Humanist Association: Jane Wynne Willson Her mother was the barrister Theodora Llewelyn Davies.
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The training programs run by the franchise organisations have generated criticism from rationalists, most notably Narendra Nayak, president of the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations (FIRA).
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New Humanist is a quarterly magazine, published by the Rationalist Association in the UK, that focuses on culture, news, philosophy, and science from a sceptical perspective.
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Clodd was Chairman of the Rationalist Press Association from 1906 to 1913.Whyte, Adam Gowans (1949). The Story of the R.P.A. 1899–1949. London: Watts & Co. p.
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Soon after this, a camp was held at Periyar Mansion in Tiruchirapalli to train young men and women to spread the ideals of the Dravidar Kazhagam in rural areas. On Periyar's birthday on 17 September 1974, Periyar's Rationalist Library and Research Library and Research Institute was opened by the then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi. This library contained Periyar's rationalist works, the manuscripts of Periyar and his recorded speeches.
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At its core, rationalism consists of three basic claims. For people to consider themselves rationalists, they must adopt at least one of these three claims: the intuition/deduction thesis, the innate knowledge thesis, or the innate concept thesis. In addition, a rationalist can choose to adopt the claim of Indispensability of Reason and or the claim of Superiority of Reason, although one can be a rationalist without adopting either thesis.
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The Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations has organised seminars showing how the so- called miracles are actually performed by sleight of hand. Members of the Indian Rationalist Association travel to villages across India and perform shows to debunk the miracles, educating villagers to prevent them from giving money to godmen. Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti and We The Sapiens are also actively engaged in exposing false claims of spiritual gurus.
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Sanal Edamaruku, president of the Indian Rationalist Association, has criticized TV channels for broadcasting shows featuring godmen. Narendra Nayak, president of Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations, has stated that politicians patronizing godmen serves to sanction superstitions of the general public. Nayak has also debunked several so-called miracles of godmen like psychic surgery, materializing vibhuti, money, jewelry, and fire eating. He travels through villages demonstrating the tricks behind these miracles.
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Abraham Thomas Kovoor (10 April 1898 – 18 September 1978) was an Indian professor and rationalist who gained prominence after retirement for his campaign to expose as frauds various Indian and Sri Lankan "god-men" and so- called paranormal phenomena. His direct, trenchant criticism of spiritual frauds and organized religions was enthusiastically received by audiences, initiating a new dynamism in the Rationalist movement, especially in Sri Lanka and India.
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He has helped in building Indian Atheist Publishers, which is now Asia's largest free thought publishing house. He convened the three International Rationalist Conferences held in 1995, 2000 and 2002. In December 2013, Edamaruku announced the launch of a new quarterly English language magazine The Rationalist on his blog. Contributors will include international rationalists on several continents and content will focus on science, reason, critical thinking and human rights.
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It is also one of the first rationalist buildings in Albania. The facility was first realized with prefabricated elements and innovative materials at the time, not only in Albania but also beyond. The cultural and sports complex is also the first facility with the pool still existing in the atrium. Scholars classify it as a rationalist building with the influences of Sant Elia and De Chirico's futurism and paintings.
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He criticised the spiritualist writings of Oliver Lodge as non-scientific.Cooke, Bill. (2004). The Gathering of Infidels: A Hundred Years of the Rationalist Press Association. Prometheus Books. p.
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He also participated in the international poetry festivals and seminars. Prakash returned his Sahitya Akademi award in 2015, to protest the murder of rationalist academic M. M. Kalburgi.
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As such, Hartmann's conception of proper moral philosophy contrasts with rationalist and formalist theories, such as Kant's, according to which ethical knowledge is derived from purely rational principles.
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Stewart deemed Barrett guilty of misrepresenting Hegel as a "cosmic rationalist" who, like the philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and some romantics, believed in a metaphysical world soul.
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Woolsey Teller (March 22, 1890 – March 11, 1954) was an American atheist rationalist writer and white supremacist.Flynn, Tom. (2007). The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief. Prometheus Books. p. 746.
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Henry, D. (2008) "The Neoplatonic Achilles" in "The Achilles of Rationalist Psychology". Springer. Volume 7 of the series Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind pp. 59–74.
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He was the nephew of James Duhig, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane, but it was a problematic relationship for the Archbishop as his nephew was a secular rationalist.
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The Yukthivadi in 1929 was the first atheist/rationalist magazine published in Malayalam. Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (1879 - 1973) was an atheist and rationalist leader of Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. His views on the irreligion are based on the eradication of the caste system, religion must be denied to achieve the obliteration of caste system. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883 –1966) was an eminent Hindu nationalist leader of the Indian independence movement.
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Amartya Sen (1933-), an Indian economist, philosopher and Nobel laureate, is an atheist and he holds that this can be associated with one of the atheist schools in Hinduism, the Lokayata. Mumbai Rationalist Association, the successor of Maharashtra Rationalist Association, is actively involved in developing scientific temper and eradicating superstition. In 2008, the website Nirmukta was founded. It later became an organisation aiming to promote free thought and secular humanism in India.
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Edamaruku has carried out investigations and demonstrations that helped expose frauds, mystics and god men as well as conducting campaigns against superstition in Indian villages. He refers to this as "Rationalist Reality Theatre." These investigations have attracted the attention of print and television media throughout Asia. The documentary film Guru Busters features Edamaruku and a team of rationalist campaigners on the road in Kerala giving public demonstrations of how to perform supposedly supernatural stunts.
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The wealthy and therefore the powerful ruled, leaving no way for the poor to gain any power or increase their position in society. Drawing on aspects of both Marxism and structural functionalists to form his own beliefs, Dahrendorf highlighted the changes that have occurred in modern society. Dahrendorf believed in two approaches to society, Utopian and Rationalist. Utopian is the balance of values and solidity and Rationalist is the dissension and disagreement.
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Finally film ends with Durga now became a God father in the city by tries to resolve in idealistic manner with a rationalist approach along with his wife and son.
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In 2011, Joshi became editor-in-chief of The American Rationalist magazine, which he edited for some years before changes at the magazine resulted in the discontinuation of his involvement.
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The Kikunbera house, in Basque Rationalist style, was designed to resemble a ship and has been an Artistic Historical Monument since 1995. Batzoki is a modernist building by Pedro Ispizua.
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McCabe, Joseph. (1950). A Rationalist Encyclopedia: A Book of Reference on Religion, Philosophy, Ethics, and Science. Watts. p. 334Weaver, Walter P. (1999). The Historical Jesus in the Twentieth Century: 1900-1950.
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Heinrich Klee (20 April 1800 in Münstermaifeld, Rhine province - 28 July 1840 in Munich) was a German theologian and Biblical exegete who argued against liberal and Rationalist currents in Catholic thought.
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The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism. Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co. p. 89 Frank Herne a medium who formed a partnership with Charles Williams was repeatedly exposed in fraudulent materialization séances.
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This socio-political satire unravels through hilarious incidents when two people - leftist, fellow traveler, rationalist and educator Ullas Mash and party activist Vavachi Kannan - set out on a pilgrimage to Sabarimala.
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Rationalist Sanal Edamaruku argues that western gurus like Mooji promote a simple formula that appeals to gullible people seeking an easy awakening. The BBC described attendees as mostly well- off whites.
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The founder of the Warsaw Circle intellectuals since the 1930 editor and publisher of the press organ – Rationalist. Author of sketches of anti-religious (Warsaw: Polish Association of Free Thinkers, 1923).
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Rationalism has become a rarer label tout court of philosophers today; rather many different kinds of specialised rationalisms are identified. For example, Robert Brandom has appropriated the terms "rationalist expressivism" and "rationalist pragmatism" as labels for aspects of his programme in Articulating Reasons, and identified "linguistic rationalism", the claim that the contents of propositions "are essentially what can serve as both premises and conclusions of inferences", as a key thesis of Wilfred Sellars.Articulating reasons, 2000. Harvard University Press.
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John Locke (1632–1704) According to James, the temperament of rationalist philosophers differed fundamentally from the temperament of empiricist philosophers of his day. The tendency of rationalist philosophers toward refinement and superficiality never satisfied an empiricist temper of mind. Rationalism leads to the creation of closed systems, and such optimism is considered shallow by the fact-loving mind, for whom perfection is far off. Rationalism is regarded as pretension, and a temperament most inclined to abstraction.
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He was the founder of the Indian Rationalist Association in Chennai (then Madras) in 1949, and remained its President for many years.An Introduction to Indian Rationalist Association, 27 May 2006. His autobiography, 84 Not Out, appeared in 1961. Acharya Atre has devoted one full chapter in his autobiography for Wrangler Paranjpye and has written about his fame all over the country and how because of him students from outside Maharashtra came to study at Ferguson College.
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The Ferrer school was an early 20th century libertarian school inspired by the anarchist pedagogy of Francisco Ferrer. He was a proponent of rationalist, secular education that emphasized reason, dignity, self-reliance, and scientific observation, as opposed to the ecclesiastical and dogmatic standard Spanish curriculum of the period. Ferrer's teachings followed in a tradition of rationalist and romantic education philosophy, and 19th century extragovernment, secular Spanish schools. He was particularly influenced by Paul Robin's orphanage at Cempuis.
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S.Ramanathan was the founder Secretary and he edited and published "The Indian Rationalist'. Ramanathan was also the founder of the Self Respect movement in South India in 1925. The journal, "The Revolt' was edited by him and published by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. After the demise of Ramanathan his library and bound volumes of the journals 'The Revolt' and The Indian Rationalist' became the personal property of Joseph Edamaruku without consulting the members of the association.
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Lacasa chose a modular design that allowed repetition of brick forms in pure rationalist orthodoxy. After the civil war the whole complex had to be rebuilt, although the original spirit was preserved.
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Thus, his father likes playing Scrabble with him. Charlie is a rationalist. He is skeptical of UFOs, psychic ability, and gematria—all considered to be pseudosciences. He also does not like illusions.
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Rylands was best known as an advocate of the Christ myth theory. He denied the historicity of Jesus.McCabe, Joseph. (1950). A Rationalist Encyclopaedia: A Book of Reference on Religion, Philosophy, Ethics, and Science.
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The early works of Samkhya, the rationalist school of Hinduism, do not identify or directly mention the Maya doctrine.Nakamura, Hajime (1990). A History of Early Vedānta Philosophy, p.335-336. Motilal Banarsidass Publications.
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COM served as a cultural institution promoting worker's education and social transformation through a rationalist, socialist orientation, and as the headquarters for a number of syndicates and unions on a mutual aid basis.
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Iusnaturalism has different variations and these are based on religious and rational perspectives. Two of the most important are classical iusnaturalism and rationalist iusnaturalism. Classical iusnaturalism is associated with theorists such as Saint Thomas Aquinas, who maintained in his Treatise on Law that the universal laws of justice have a divine origin. Rationalist or realist iusnaturalism emerged during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as a consequence of the process of secularization, which affected the relationship between Christianity and international law.
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By the middle of the 1700s, Western philosophy had reached an ethical and epistemological cul-de-sac. The Enlightenment or Age of Reason was based on a static view of human nature, an increasingly mechanical view of the universe (based on: \- Copernican astronomy, \- Galilean mechanics and \- Newtonian physics) and \- a linear view of the progress of scientific knowledge (the mechano-material, reductionist approach). The exclusively rationalist approach, was termed by Ernst Lehrs as the 'one-eyed, color blind' perspective of the world, An exclusively rationalist approach to life raises fundamental issues about "God, freedom and immortality" (Kant) of growing concern to a culture undergoing significant economic, political and cultural transformation. The rationalist scientific method, which had worked well with inert nature (Bacon's natura naturata), was less successful in seeking to understand vital nature (natura naturans).
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In contrast to the rationalist approaches above, cognitivists critique the rationalist theories on the grounds that liberals and realists both use flawed assumptions such as that nation-states are always and forever rational actors; that interests remain static, that different interpretations of interests and power are not possible. The cognitivists also argue that even when the rationalist theories employ iterated game theories where future consequences affect present decisions, they ignore a major implication of such iteration—learning. Consequences from an iterated game look backwards to the past as well as forward to the future. So one's decisions today are not the same as one’s decisions tomorrow, not only because the actors are taking the future into account but because each is taking the past into account as well.
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Other videos uploaded by the forum on religious bigotry, superstition, and rationalism were also blocked. According to the director, Hindu communal forces were behind the block."Rationalist Malayalam movie blocked on YouTube". The Hindu.
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A moral rationalist may adhere to any number of different semantic theories as well; moral realism is compatible with rationalism, and the subjectivist ideal observer theory and non-cognitivist universal prescriptivism both entail it.
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Daniel Defoe was attracted to the deist rationalist sympathies of the purported spy; his Continuation of Turkish Letters Writ by a Turkish Spy in Paris (1718) extended the narrator's account from 1687 to 1693.
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360–361/2011, p.4 After his move, Rainer began expanding the scope of his contribution, and passed on to his students a particular view of science, decisively materialistic, rationalist, and anti-metaphysical.Brătescu, p.
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Classical and Modern and Collected Essays in Greek and Latin Scholarship 1914. Among his publications, Euripides the Rationalist was highly influential. He was a member of the Cambridge Apostles, a secret society, from 1871.
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Felix Adler (August 13, 1851 – April 24, 1933) was a German American professor of political and social ethics, rationalist, influential lecturer on euthanasia, religious leader and social reformer who founded the Ethical Culture movement.
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The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism. Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co. pp. 115–130 However, Richard Hodgson claimed there was inadequate control during the séances and the precautions described did not rule out trickery.
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He won Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati in 1990 for his Essay collection Statue (1988). He announced in October 2015 that he will return award over killing of rationalist M. M. Kalburgi and others.
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The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism. Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co. pp. 115-130 However, Richard Hodgson claimed there was inadequate control during the séances and that the precautions described did not rule out trickery.
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Kersey Graves (November 21, 1813 in Brownsville, Pennsylvania – September 4, 1883 in Richmond, Indiana) was a skeptic, atheist, rationalist, spiritualist, reformist writer, who was popular on the American freethought circuit of the late 19th century.
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The more rationalist school of Basra, on the other hand, focused more on the formal study of grammar.Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, pg. 350. Leiden: Brill Archive, 1954. New edition 1980.
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Kirsch has interpreted the divisions of that era within the SAP as the playing out of the differences between the rationalist philosophical bent of continental Europe, Jung was heavily influenced by Kant, and British Empiricism.
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The novel follows the fortunes of seven men living around Watson's Bay in Sydney. The men are brought together by their radical or rationalist beliefs or by their relationship and dealings to a printing press.
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Basava Premanand (17 February 1930 - 4 October 2009) was an Indian skeptic, rationalist and debunker from Kerala, India. He organised many tours around rural India for the promotion of scientific thinking, exposing alleged miracles and scams carried out by various charlatans, godmen, prophets etc. and spreading awareness of superstition. Premanand was the founder of the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations, the convener of Indian CSICOP and the owner-publisher-editor of the monthly magazine The Indian Skeptic, which scientifically investigates paranormal occurrences in India.
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Chicago: U of Chicago, 1996. Print. "the atheist Sir Julian Huxley, who was inspired by a line read long ago in Lord Morley" Huxley had a close association with the British rationalist and secular humanist movements. He was an Honorary Associate of the Rationalist Press Association from 1927 until his death, and on the formation of the British Humanist Association in 1963 became its first President, to be succeeded by AJ Ayer in 1965. He was also closely involved with the International Humanist and Ethical Union.
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Stage design for Mozart's opera The Magic Flute by German architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel, c. 1815, with Masonic symbols. Mozart's position within the Masonic movement, according to Maynard Solomon, lay with the rationalist, Enlightenment-inspired membership, as opposed to those members oriented toward mysticism and the occult.Solomon 1995, 327 This rationalist faction is identified by Katharine Thomson as the Illuminati, a masonically inspired group which was founded by Bavarian professor of canon law Adam Weishaupt, who was also a friend of Mozart.Thomson (1977) p. 14.
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They are naïve rationalists, and thinking that their knowledge can indeed be founded, in principle, it may be deemed certain to some degree, and rational. Other justificationists are negative about these mistakes. They are epistemological relativists, and think (rightly, according to the critical rationalist) that you cannot find knowledge, that there is no source of epistemological absolutism. But they conclude (wrongly, according to the critical rationalist) that there is therefore no rationality, and no objective distinction to be made between the true and the false.
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Some philosophers, such as Susan Wolf, have tried to come up with "happy mediums" that strike a balance between rejecting moral luck outright and accepting it wholesale. Wolf introduced the notions of rationalist and irrationalist positions as part of such a reconciliation. The rationalist position, stated simply, is that equal fault deserves equal blame. For example, given two drivers, both of whom failed to check their brakes before driving, one of them runs over a pedestrian as a consequence while the other does not.
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Cohen argued that It follows that rationalist pedagogies favoured by anti-racists are doomed to failure since they fail to engage with the structures of disavowal which are intrinsic to racialised structures of feeling and belief.
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Muirden, p.106 He was a leading member of the Rationalist Association, and used The Publicist as his mouthpiece. Before 1939, it described itself as being "for national socialism" and "for Aryanism; against semitism".Muirden, p.
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Palazzo della Farnesina, Rome, designed by Morpurgo, Enrico Del Debbio and Arnaldo Foschini. Vittorio Ballio Morpurgo (Rome, 1890 - Rome, 1966) was an Italian architect. He was a prominent representative of Italian Rationalist architecture of the 1930s.
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Josef Paul Kleihues (11 June 1933, Rheine – 13 August 2004, Berlin) was a German architect, most notable for his decades long contributions to the "critical reconstruction" of Berlin. His design approach has been described as "poetic rationalist".
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Gauri Lankesh, 14 January 2012 Our Fight to Bring in the Anti-black Magic Law in India, presented by Shantanu Abhyankar at CSICon 2018 Although India is a secular democracy, blasphemy laws are still enforced under the Indian penal code and threats of violence are common for members of the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations. Secular organizations such as FIRA have received pushback and protest from far-right groups. In 2017, Gauri Lankesh was assassinated by an unknown terrorist in her home. She was a journalist and rationalist.
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Sir Edwin Ray Lankester in 1918 Lankester had close family connections with Suffolk (the Woodbridge and Felixstowe area), and was an active member of the Rationalist group associated with the circle of Thomas Huxley, Samuel Laing and others. He was a friend of the Rationalist Edward Clodd of Aldeburgh. From 1901 to his death in 1929 he was Honorary President of the Ipswich Museum. He became convinced of the human workmanship of the (now unfavoured) 'Pre-palaeolithic' implements and rostro- carinates, and championed their cause at the Royal Society in 1910–1912.
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He left the ILP and the Fabians but continued to contribute to rationalist and socialist publications, and wrote books. At this period he published using the pseudonym Robert Arch, partly to avoid confusion with his father, who was writing on topics in church history, and also to lower his profile with respect to his employers in the Admiralty. In 1919 he met his old hero Belfort Bax, and after the latter's death in 1926 Robertson wrote a pamphlet of appreciation. Bax had introduced him to the Rationalist Press Association (RPA), which Robertson joined in 1920.
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The rationalist anarchy claim is that because states do not have a higher power that can credibly threaten punishment for the use of violence, states are more likely to turn to war to resolve conflicts. The second rationalist explanation is that states engage in preventive war. This occurs when a state is declining in power and another state is rising in power. The declining power, expecting to be attacked in the future by the rising power, attacks the rising power now while the declining power is still relatively strong.
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Some use the term "ethical intuitionism" in moral philosophy to refer to the general position that we have some non-inferential moral knowledge (see Sinnott-Armstrong, 2006a and 2006b)—that is, basic moral knowledge that is not inferred from or based on any proposition. However, it is important to distinguish between empiricist versus rationalist models of this. Some, thus, reserve the term "ethical intuitionism" for the rationalist model and the term "moral sense theory" for the empiricist model (see Sinnott-Armstrong, 2006b, pp. 184–186, especially fn. 4).
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Joseph Martin McCabe (12 November 1867 – 10 January 1955) was an English writer and speaker on freethought, after having been a Roman Catholic priest earlier in his life. He was "one of the great mouthpieces of freethought in England". Becoming a critic of the Catholic Church, McCabe joined groups such as the Rationalist Association and the National Secular Society. He criticised Christianity from a rationalist perspective, but also was involved in the South Place Ethical Society which grew out of dissenting Protestantism and was a precursor of modern secular humanism.
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Vittorio Filippo Guidano (August 4, 1944, Rome, Italy – August 31, 1999, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was an Italian neuropsychiatrist, creator of the cognitive procedural systemic model and contributor to post-rationalist constructivist cognitive psychotherapy. His cognitive post-rationalist model was influenced by attachment theory, evolutionary epistemology, complex systems theory, and the prevalence of abstract mental processes proposed by Friedrich Hayek. Guidano conceived the personal system as a self-organized entity, in constant development. Among his published writings are the books Complexity of the Self (1987) and The Self in Progress (1991).
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During the interwar years he was a supporter of the New Zealand Labour Party, writing the pamphlet Labour and Politics in 1922, as well as speaking for the New Zealand Rationalist Association and writing many articles for their journal, the New Zealand Rationalist. During this period he assisted John A. Lee, President of the Labour Party, in his attempt to enter parliament. Despite his degree Allen did not have a professional career, working in the 1920s variously as an unskilled labourer, clerk and driver. He died in Auckland on 16 June 1945.
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Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000) argued that there are innate conceptual biases that enable the acquisition of language, concepts, and beliefs. Quine's theory follows nativist philosophical traditions, such as the European rationalist philosophers, for example Immanuel Kant.
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It has also been stated by rationalist Narendra Nayak and T. V. Venkateswaran of the Vigyan Prasar that IPC 295A is being used with a very wide definition to prosecute critics of religion, anti- superstition activists and rationalists.
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While Falaquera did not advocate teaching the secrets of science and divine sciences to every man, he did advocate the teaching of these truths to a broader range of educated Jewish males than previous proponents of rationalist thinking.
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Oswald Mathias Ungers (12 July 1926 - 30 September 2007) was a German architect and architectural theorist, known for his rationalist designs and the use of cubic forms. Among his notable projects are museums in Frankfurt, Hamburg and Cologne.
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Haynes was an atheist.Clark, Ronald William. (1968). The Huxleys. McGraw-Hill. p. 244 He was also a rationalist, his book The Belief in Personal Immortality (1913) was skeptical of the claims of psychical research and life after death.
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Pahl, G., Beitz, W., Feldhusen, J., and Grote, K.-H. (2007 ) Engineering design: A systematic approach, (3rd ed.), Springer-Verlag, . According to the rationalist philosophy, design is informed by research and knowledge in a predictable and controlled manner.
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Haraldsson, op. cit., pp. 206 Indian rationalist Basava Premanand, who began campaigning against Sai Baba in 1976, unsuccessfully attempted to sue him in 1986 for violations of the Gold Control Act, citing Sai Baba's purported materialisations of gold objects.
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The Fédération nationale de la libre pensée () is a French not-for-profit federation of local associations concerned with free thought. It promotes humanist principles of free enquiry and tolerance on rationalist and scientific principles, and campaigns against dogmatism.
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Retrieved 19 June 2016. British rationalist author Edward Clodd suggested that Marriott was "the most experienced exposer of mediums in this country."Clodd, Edward. (1921). Occultism: Two Lectures Delivered in the Royal Institution on May 17 and 24, 1921.
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He died on 8 September 2012 in Mumbai from complications related to Diabetes. As he was a strict rationalist and a scientist himself, his family decided to donate his body to a medical college instead of the customary cremation.
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His earlier works were influenced by French Second Empire architecture, though his later projects were Rationalist. Christophersen was also an accomplished painter, and became well known for his impressionist portraits of local society ladies. He died in Buenos Aires in 1946.
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73, no. 2 (Nov/1999), pp. 31-2. Veatch's most widely read book was Rational Man: A Modern Interpretation of Aristotelian Ethics (1962) which explicitly offered a rationalist counterpoint to William Barrett's well- known study in existential philosophy, Irrational Man (1958).
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"Watts, Charles Albert. (1913). The R.P.A. Annual and Ethical Review. C. A. Watts. p. 92 Rationalist writer Joseph McCabe wrote that Reinach was "one of the leading French authorities on the science of religion, from which he removes all supernatural elements.
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Retrieved 15 August 2009 Thousands of volunteers assist with these demonstrations throughout India. Similarly, the Indian Rationalist Association demonstrate on television how ordinary statues can appear to drink milk and other fluids."Miracle or mechanics." Taipei Times. 2006-08-31.
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Hans Albert (born 8 February 1921) is a German philosopher. Born in Cologne, he lives in Heidelberg. His fields of research are Social Sciences and General Studies of Methods. He is a critical rationalist, paying special attention to rational heuristics.
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This gave birth to rationalist and atheist interpretations of ancient mythological concepts, and ancient texts were sometimes read as if they were written by contemporaries to the Enlightenment philosophers, discussing the same topics as they from the same humanist perspective.
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Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens (1704–1771) was a French rationalist, author and critic of the Catholic church, who was a close friend of Voltaire and spent much of his life in exile at the court of Frederick the Great.
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As the rationalist Enlightenment gave way to the more emotional period of Romanticism, the questioning of popular heroes grew more unpopular still, and the traditional account of Tell was reestablished for generations by Friedrich Schiller's play William Tell of 1804.
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The mutakallimun are scholars who engage in ilm al-Kalam (rationalist theology) and they were criticised by Ibn Taymiyyah for their use of rationalist theology and philosophy. He said that the method of kalam was used by the Mu`tazilites, Jahmites and Ash`ari's. Ibn Taymiyyah considered the use of philosophical proofs and kalam to be redundant because he saw the Qur'an and the Sunna as superior rational proofs. Ibn Taymiyyah said that these explanations were not grounded in scriptural evidence such as the philosophical explanation of the divine attributes of God or the proof of God using the cosmological argument.
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Maimonides (1135–1204) was one of the greatest scholars on Judaism of the Middle Ages, and is arguably one of the most widely known scholars among the Jewish people. Influenced by the rationalist school of thought and generally showing a preference for a natural (as opposed to miraculous) redemption for the Jewish people, Maimonides proposed a rationalist solution for achieving the goal of re-establishing the highest court in Jewish tradition and reinvesting it with the same authority it had in former years. There have been several attempts to implement Maimonides' recommendations, the latest being in modern times.
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Maharashtra Rationalist Association is the predecessor of Mumbai Rationalist Association, which has since paved the way for Sapiens Foundation in order to broadbase its scope into a wide range of activities such as environmentalism, LGBT rights and human rights. Sapiens Foundation is a registered non-profit organisation affiliated to Humanist International, London, and Atheist Alliance International, Washington, D.C., which have special consultative status at the United Nations. The organisation conducts events and runs campaigns under the better known banner We The Sapiens, and is headed by its Chief Executive Manoj John, who is also the Development Director of Atheist Alliance International.
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The association was founded in 1949 by S.Ramanathan, M. N. Roy and C. N. Annadurai and the President was R.P.Paranjpe. The "Divine Miracle Exposure Campaign" conducted across India during the period 1975-76 had given unprecedented popularity for the rationalist movement. Organized rationalist associations came up in each and every State and each of the State units got affiliated to IRA as parent body of rationalists and atheists in the country. Jyothi Shankar dedicated his work for more than three decades to build IRA as a powerful movement to spread scientific attitude and to live life freed from superstitious belief.
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Krasicki's novel is the tale of Nicholas Experience (Mikołaj Doświadczyński), a Polish nobleman. During sojourns in Warsaw, Paris, and the fictional island of Nipu (based on Japan, known to natives as Nippon), the protagonist gathers numerous experiences that lead him to a rationalist outlook and teach him how to become a good man, and thus a good citizen. This rationalist outlook, often emphasized in Krasicki's writings, constitutes an apologia for the Enlightenment and physiocratism. The Adventures of Nicholas Experience offers a portrayal both of the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and of the broader European culture of the time.
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The Rationalist Union (French: Union rationaliste) is a French nonprofit organization founded in 1930 that promotes the role of reason. Many of the members are scientists, members of the Institut de France, Nobel Prize laureates, professors at the Collège de France, and famous writers. The Union is strongly Republican (in the French sense of the term) and Jacobin and is opposed to communitarianism. The Rationalist Union host two radio shows, one on the radio of the French Anarchist Federation, and another on the public radio France Culture, and publish two journals, Les Cahiers Rationalistes, and Raison Présente.
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In it Gfrörer, probably impelled by David Strauss's Leben Jesu, sought to conceive historically the life and teaching of Christ, and, although writing as a rationalist throughout, he strongly disclaims being "an adherent of the modern champion of negative truths", (i.e. of Strauss).
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8 and 9. In 1965, he was arrested for anti-Hindi remarks in his magazine. He was a rationalist, which was reflected in his writings. He was imprisoned twice after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi because of his continued support for Tamil Eelam.
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However, neither moral realism nor ethical non-naturalism are essential to the view; most ethical intuitionists simply happen to hold those views as well. Ethical intuitionism comes in both a "rationalist" variety, and a more "empiricist" variety known as moral sense theory.
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L'Affranchissement was a rationalist free-thinking association in Belgium, founded in Brussels in 1854. The founding of the association was assisted by political exiles from France. L'Affranchissement was the first organization of its kind in the country.Linden, Marcel van der, and Jürgen Rojahn.
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The impetus for the creation of the Rationalist Press Association can be traced back to Charles Albert Watts, the publisher who printed the National Reformer and a majority of Charles Bradlaugh's books.Colin Campbell. 1971. Towards a Sociology of Irreligion. London: MacMillan Press.
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Eugène Train (1832–1903) was a French architect who taught for many years at the École des Arts Décoratifs. He is known as an advocate of rationalist architecture, which he applied with large schools such as the Lycée Chaptal and Lycée Voltaire.
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Suman dismisses the idea. Shekhawat sighs. He is not an impressionable ignoramus. He was an engineer before he joined the police, he is a fierce rationalist, but his own experiences with his lover ghost have made him aware of the other world.
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Inverness, CA: Golden Sufi Center Publishing.Kingsley, P. (2003). Reality. Inverness, CA: Golden Sufi Center Publishing. Parmenides, most famous as the “father of western logic” and traditionally viewed as a rationalist, was a priest of Apollo and iatromantis (lit. healer- prophet).Kingsley, P. (1999).
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Science in the Soul: Selected Writings of a Passionate Rationalist is a book of selected essays and other writings by Richard Dawkins published in 2017. Published after two volumes of autobiography, it is his second essay collection, together with A Devil's Chaplain (2003).
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Rereading Sources and Scholarly Works. 4. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag AG. pp. 203, 209. . Some authors of this period contribute substantially to the formulation of early Islamic thought, whose ideas are characterised by a rationalist reconciliation, understanding, and engagement of Islamic theology.
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The Indian Rationalist Association is a voluntary organisation in India whose 100,000 membersBedi, Rahul. "Rationalists seek to prove holy men's power not so 'divine' after all." The Irish Times. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 15 August 2009 promote scientific skepticism and critique supernatural claims.
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His daughter-in-law Megha Pansare is Assistant Professor in Russian language at the Shivaji University, Kolhapur. She is also an activist of CPI, now holds the position of President, Kolhapur District, National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW). Pansare was a rationalist.
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Rationalist views can range from modest views in mathematics and logic (such as that of Gottlob Frege) to ambitious metaphysical systems (such as that of Baruch Spinoza). Some of the most famous rationalists include Plato, René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Leibniz.
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New York: Cambridge University Press. The first two are rationalist approaches while the third is sociological. Within regime theory, because regime theory is by definition a theory that explains international cooperation (i.e., it's a traditionally liberal concept) liberal approaches prevail within the literature.
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Pavanan died on 22 June 2006 at Trissur at 7:15 am, after a prolonged illness. After his death, his eyes were donated to an eye bank. Following his wishes, he was cremated without any religious ceremonies thus upholding his rationalist ideal until his death.
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Harun Nasution (1919–1998) was an Indonesian scholar who described himself as a neo-Mutazilite, a modern follower of the medieval movement of the Mutazila. His work was part of a small but significant trend within Islamic thought to champion rationalist and humanist principles.
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2, "Coherence Theory of Truth", auth: Alan R. White, pp. 131–133, see esp., section on "Epistemological assumptions" (Macmillan, 1969) Coherence theories distinguish the thought of rationalist philosophers, particularly of Spinoza, Leibniz, and G.W.F. Hegel, along with the British philosopher F.H. Bradley.Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol.
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The story is about a thief Erra Srinu who turns into a fake Baba due to circumstances, how is his image exploited, his love story with Vasudha and his fight with a rationalist Chaitanya and how he comes clean forms the rest of the story.
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However, the book was actually a satire that intended on mocking the credulity shown by believers in spiritualism. It was published by Watts & Co, a publishing company that has historical links with the Rationalist Association.Spirit Experiences by Charles Mercier. The Athenæum. (1919). p. 250.
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During the Benito Mussolini era, the first structures of the city's "service center" were built, all in a Rationalist-Functionalist style, including the Palazzo delle Poste and the Pretura buildings. The Centro Direzionale di Napoli is the only adjacent cluster of skyscrapers in southern Europe.
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Humanistic theories consider people as having an agentive role in the social construction of language. Language is primarily seen as a sociocultural phenomenon. This tradition emphasises culture, nurture, creativity and diversity. A classical rationalist approach to language stems from the philosophy Age of Enlightenment.
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Political Ideology Today. Manchester University Press, 2001. p. 116. Godwin, a philosophical anarchist, from a rationalist and utilitarian basis opposed revolutionary action and saw a minimal state as a present "necessary evil" that would become increasingly irrelevant and powerless by the gradual spread of knowledge.
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Periyar Dasan (21 August 1949 – 19 August 2013) was an Indian scholar, eminent speaker, and activist from Tamil Nadu. He propagated atheism and rationalist ideologies for most part of his life, and later Islam. He has also appeared in around 15 Tamil-language films.
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He also argues that it insufficiently accounts for political change and crises, and overly focuses on microfoundations. In an influential article (and later book), George Washington University political scientists Michael Barnett and Martha Finnemore argue rationalist accounts of institutions (such as those emphasizing principal-agent problems) cannot fully account for institutional pathologies. They provide a sociological institutionalist account of institutional dysfunction whereby institutions have powers derived from their rational-legal authority, and that these powers and autonomy may give rise to suboptimal outcomes. Alexander Wendt has argued that rationalist accounts of institutional design often lack falsifiability: it is not clear how one would demonstrate that an institution was not rationally designed.
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Fascist-styles of architecture are a branch of modernist architecture which became popular in the early 20th century. The Italian Fascist style was also greatly influenced by the rationalist movement in Italy in the 1920s. Rationalist architecture, with the help of Italian government support, celebrated the new fascist age of culture and government in Italy. In Nazi Germany, the extremely large and spacious Fascist architecture was one way envisioned by Hitler to unify Germany for what he described as "mass experiences", in which thousands of citizens could gather and take part in the patriotism of community events, and listen to speeches made by Hitler and other Nazi party leaders.
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Films in the 2000s with Sathyaraj in the lead role that fared well at the box office were 6'2, Vanakkam Thalaiva, Kurukshetram, Adavadi, Periyar and Thangam. He received the Vijay Award for Best Actor for Onbadhu Roobai Nottu in 2007 and was also nominated for his performance in Periyar in the same year, in which he portrayed the life of social reformer and rationalist Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. About the role he said, "I myself being a rationalist, I found it easy to portray his character on screen. His principles and ideologies, like fighting for women's liberation and untouchability, have influenced me to a great extent".
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They included essays, literature, and extracts from works by various classical and contemporary humanists and rationalists.New Humanist, A brief history of the Rationalist Association Charles Albert Watts died in 1946 at the age of 87. The magazine was later renamed The Humanist, and then New Humanist.
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"Miriam Allen De Ford Papers Relating to Maynard Shipley TAM.223". NYU Digital Library Technology Services. He was an active member of the Socialist Party of America but resigned in 1922. He was a member of the Rationalist Press Association and contributed articles to the Truth Seeker.
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Mother Teresa Square. The Mother Teresa Square is the largest square in the capital. It was named after the Albanian Roman Catholic nun, missionary and nobelist Mother Teresa. The square was planned by the Italian Gherardo Bosio, during the Italian occupation of Albania in a Rationalist style.
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Kant believes that we can never really be sure when we have witnessed a moral act, since the moral rightness of an act consists of its being caused in the right way from the noumenal world, which is by definition unknowable. Hence, he is a moral rationalist.
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Michael B. Paulkovich is columnist for American Atheist Magazine, a print and online resource for atheism, religion and politics. He is also a frequent contributor to Free Inquiry and contributing editor for The American Rationalist. Paulkovich is an inventor, editor, and space systems engineer for NASA.
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The Indian Rationalist Association attempts to oppose superstition and pseudoscience in India. It has led media and educational campaigns debunking the Monkey-man of Delhi monster hysteria,"13-19 May; Fear Itself." The New York Times. 2001-05-20. Retrieved 15 August 2009 godmen,Ward Anderson, John.
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His work is recognized worldwide as an original and interesting union of constructivist, rationalist and organic architecture. Higueras was also a musician, a painter and photographer. He died in Madrid, at the age of 77. Higueras' architecture displays a constructive adaptation to the natural and physical environment.
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The sculptural work was generally done by Hildo Krop. After the death of Piet Kramer in 1961, on the high point of the Rationalist movement, no architectural institution or museum was interested in his Expressionist work. For that reason all his drawings and models were burnt.
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Garrido also invited the First Congress of Socialist Students to meet in the state of Tabasco and created a form of socialist education which he termed "Rationalist".Brown, Lyle C. Copper, William F. Religion in Latin American life and literature. University of Texas, 1980, p. 113.
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This paradoxical dialectic relates in Kabbalistic terminology to descending immanent "Vessels", and successively higher transcendent "Lights" through the history of creation. In Jewish thought, deepening Talmudic and Rationalist enquiry broadens the physical application of Torah (vessels), while deepening Jewish mysticism draws down higher levels of illumination (light).
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Kalamegam is a 1940 Tamil-language film directed by Ellis R. Dungan and starring Nadaswaram player T. N. Rajarathnam Pillai. This was the second film as script writer for the Tamil rationalist poet Bharathidasan. This was the only film in which Pillai acted in his life.
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Producer T. R. Sundaram of Modern Theatres wanted to make a film based on Edhirparatha Mutham (lit. Unexpected Kiss) – a novel written by the Tamil rationalist poet Bharatidasan. Ellis Dungan was hired to direct Bharathidasan's script. The film was made at the Modern Theatres studio in Salem.
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He intended to contest the Auckland West electorate in the as an Independent, but did not stand. A strong rationalist he was a shoemaker, bricklayer and insurance salesman. Gilchrist became a member of the Social Credit Party later in life and died on 14 April 1947 aged 74 years.
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Unlike much of the nobility in his time, Emperor Taizong was a frank rationalist and scholar of logic and scientific reason, openly scorning superstitions and claims of signs from the heavens. He also modified important rites in order to ease the burden of agricultural labour.CHofC, vol.3, p.189.
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Cicero, De Senectute 5; Powell, p. 110 "Gigantum modo bellare"; Chaudhuri, p. 7 n. 22. The rationalist Epicurean poet Lucretius, for whom such things as lightning, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions had natural rather than divine causes, used the Gigantomachy to celebrate the victory of philosophy over mythology and superstition.
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Jaya Mehta writes rationalist poetry in free verse. Her poetry is logical and socially aware instead of enclosed in emotional world. Her poetry collections are Venetian Blind (1978), Ek Divas (1982), Akashma Tarao Choop Chhe (1985), Hospital Peoms (1987). Renu and Ek Aa Khare Pandadu (1989) are her novels.
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He served as editor of the American Rationalist and was the librarian of the Center for Inquiry, which houses both the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) and the Council for Secular Humanism (CSH). Stein died of lung cancer in Buffalo General Hospital.
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Tatarkiewicz, Zarys..., pp. 11–12. Under the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth's last king, Stanisław August Poniatowski (reigned 1764–95), the Polish Enlightenment was radicalized and came under French influence. The philosophical foundation of the movement ceased to be the Rationalist doctrine of Wolff and became the Sensualism of Condillac.
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On 6 March 1881 Holyoake was one of the speakers at the opening of Leicester Secular Society's new Secular Hall in Humberstone Gate, Leicester. The other speakers were Harriet Law, Annie Besant and Charles Bradlaugh. Holyoake chaired the Rationalist Press Association in 1899–1906.Whyte, Adam Gowans (1949).
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"Britische Migration nach Russland im 19. Jahrhundert: Integration – Kultur – Alltagsleben", Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. Academics have remarked that Leskov's later adoption of Russian Orthodoxy was marked by a distinct rationalist ethics which can be attributed to his early Quakerism.Tavis, Anna A. Rilke's Russia: A Cultural Encounter, Northwestern University Press, 67.
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She is also known for her work in actively encouraging women to pursue careers in scientific fields. She is chairperson of the panel that awards the Marie Curie Excellence award, a prize given to outstanding European researchers. She was president of the French Rationalist Union from 2004 to 2012.
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Nucleoethics: Ethics in Modern Society (1972). London: MacGibbon and Kee. p. 16-17 In 2001, David Tribe became an honorary associate of Rationalist International. In 2005 he put $300,000 into a foundation to establish the University of Sydney's "David Harold Tribe Awards" in fiction, poetry, philosophy, sculpture, and symphony.
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911; Vianu, p. 150 More famous was his reading of Proust through Henri Bergson's classification of memory.Călinescu, p. 911 Ralea offered much praise to rationalist modernists such as Alexandru A. Philippide, and hailed Tudor Arghezi, the eclectic modernizer of poetic language, as Romania's greatest poet of the day.
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Murphy was the youngest of five sons, and sixth of seven children of William (b. Tipperary, Ireland) and Lily Murphy (née Murphy). He was born and grew up in Sydney. Though the Murphy household was Irish Catholic, albeit estranged from the Church, Murphy became a humanist and rationalist.
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London: NLB. Lakatos and Feyerabend planned to produce a joint work in which Lakatos would develop a rationalist description of science and Feyerabend would attack it. The correspondence between Lakatos and Feyerabend, where the two discussed the project, has since been reproduced, with commentary, by Matteo Motterlini.Motterlini, M. (1999).
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In 2001, he curated the first U.S. exhibition on Giò Ponti titled "Gio Ponti: A Metaphysical World" at the Queens Museum of Art. In 1997 and for the next 16 years, Kish worked on sourcing, importing and popularizing Italian Rationalist design to the U.S. in a marketplace dominated by midcentury Scandinavian, French and American furniture with much greater distribution. Many limits to the supply of Italian Rationalist pieces drove the prices up in the '90s and throughout the 2000s. Kish stated in an October 2000 interview that access to Italian design remained limited to a few auction houses and estate sales as Italians still lived with their mid-century design and were not selling.
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This work was valuable for the use which its author made of the Greek of the Septuagint, of the Old and New Testament Apocrypha, of Josephus, and of the apostolic fathers, in illustration of the language of the New Testament. In 1826 he published Apologie der neuern Theologie des evangelischen Deutschlands. Hugh James Rose had published in England (1825) a volume of sermons on the rationalist movement (The State of the Protestant Religion in Germany), in which he classed Bretschneider with the rationalists; and Bretschneider contended that he himself was not a rationalist in the ordinary sense of the term, but a rational supernaturalist. Some of his numerous dogmatic writings passed through several editions.
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Communities where Luria's thought holds less sway include many German and Modern Orthodox communities, groups carrying forward Spanish and Portuguese traditions, a sizable segment of Baladi Yemenite Jews (see Dor Daim), and other groups that follow a form of Torah Judaism based more on classical authorities like Maimonides and the Geonim. With its Rationalist project, the 19th century Haskalah movement and the critical study of Judaism dismissed Kabbalah. In the 20th century, Gershom Scholem initiated the academic study of Jewish mysticism, utilising historical methodology, but reacting against what he saw as its exclusively Rationalist dogma. Rather, he identified Jewish mysticism as the vital undercurrent of Jewish thought, periodically renewing Judaism with new mystical or messianic impetus.
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Gogineni , the son of Aruna Kumari (née Vegunta) of Eluru, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh and Gurubabu of Tenali, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh was born in Hyderabad. At the age of 18, he became the youngest certified French language teacher in Hyderabad. He later graduated from Nizam College. He served as Joint secretary of Indian Radical Humanist Association, Bombay between 1988-1996; Vice-President of the Indian Rationalist Association, Hyderabad between 1993-1996; Secretary General of Rationalist Association India, Hyderabad between 1995-1996, and was part of South Asian Humanist Network, Bombay between 1995-1996, before moving to the United Kingdom in 1997, where he continued his activism work with the International Humanist and Ethical Union.
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The passenger building is constructed in an evidently Italian rationalist style typical of the stations designed by Narducci. It is shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped on two levels. At ground floor level, there are two large openings with rectangular sides. Upstairs, a large window illuminates and atrium inside the building.
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Humans themselves have changed, having undergone a procedure called betrization, designed to neutralize all aggressive impulses. Its side effect is an extreme aversion to risk.Jerzy Jarzębski, "Stanislaw Lem, Rationalist and Visionary", Science Fiction Studies, Vol. 4, part 2, No. 12, July 1977 Hal mistrusts this approach, seeing it as wrong.
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The Methodists mainly utilized pure observation, showing greater interest in studying the natural course of ailments than making efforts to find remedies. Galen's education had exposed him to the five major schools of thought (Platonists, Peripatetics, Stoics, Epicureans, Pyrrhonists), with teachers from the Rationalist sect and from the Empiricist sect.
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The Argentine Automobile Club building. The Argentine Automobile Club building its national headquarters of ACA located in Palermo neighborhood in Buenos Aires. The building is designed in the Rationalist style by local architect Antonio U. Vilar and collaborators Alejandro Bustillo, was completed in 1942. on Buenos Aires' Avenida del Libertador.
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Baptist Quarterly 9 (4): 252-256. He debated mythicist J. M. Robertson. Wood wrote that "All Christ-myth theorists start from a view of the gospels as discredited witnesses — a view which no scientific historian can accept and which rests on rationalist prejudice and sheer ignorance."Wood, H. G. (1938).
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The results from the South Kensington Hall of Science were very good, with students exceeding the national average on their examinations in all but one of their offered classes.Royle (1980), p.319. Bonner was also a lecturer for the National Secular SocietyRoyle (1980), p.151. and the Rationalist Press Association.
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Gora also organised the first World Atheist Conference in 1972. Subsequently, the Atheist Centre has organised several World Atheist Conferences in Vijayawada and other locations. Khushwant Singh (1915-2014), a prominent and prolific writer, of Sikh extraction, was avowedly non-religious. In 1997, the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations was founded.
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In the 1930s a new model town and major naval base, Portolago, was built by the Italian authorities. It is one of the best examples of Italian Rationalist architecture. Mussolini was said to have a mansion for himself in the town. After Leros was transferred to Greece, it was renamed Lakki.
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Benjamin Jowett The essay "On the interpretation of scripture" was contributed by Benjamin Jowett. When asked to contribute, Jowett saw the opportunity to challenge traditionalists. He was a rationalist and insisted that the bible ought to be treated as scholars treated classical texts. Jowett was a proponent of progressive revelation.
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Ownership of the Hall subsequently passed to the Leicester Rationalist Trust. The building is located in the centre of Leicester at 75 Humberstone Gate. It was designed by W Larner Sugden of Leek, Staffordshire. The frontage contains five busts depicting, in chronological order, Socrates, Jesus, Voltaire, Thomas Paine, and Robert Owen.
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28 He defined himself as a rationalist, heir to the Age of Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and was ostensibly an atheist.Nastasă (2010), p. 422 Ralea's secular agenda was underscored when he joined the Romanian Freemasonry, which, historian Lucian Nastasă writes, implied a commitment to freethought and religious toleration.Nastasă (2007), p.
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In 1900 McCabe translated the book Riddle of the Universe by Ernst Haeckel. He also wrote a number of works on evolution. McCabe was also involved with the Rationalist Association and in 1925 they arranged for him to debate the early Canadian young earth creationist George McCready Price.Peter J. Bowler (2009).
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Medieval works of Musar literature were composed by a range of rabbis and others, including rationalist philosophers and adherents of Kabbalistic mysticism. Joseph Dan has argued that medieval Musar literature reflects four different approaches: the philosophical approach; the standard rabbinic approaches; the approach of Chassidei Ashkenaz; and the Kabbalistic approach.
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He contrasts two camps. The "radical Enlightenment" was founded on a rationalist materialism first articulated by Spinoza. Standing in opposition was a "moderate Enlightenment" which he sees as weakened by its belief in God. In Israel's controversial interpretation, the radical Enlightenment is the main source of the modern idea of freedom.
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The term "Historical Institutionalism" was coined in the early 1990s. The most widely cited historical institutionalist scholars are Peter Hall, Paul Pierson, Theda Skocpol, Douglass North and Kathleen Thelen. Prominent works of historical institutionalist scholarship have used both sociological and rationalist methods. Historical institutionalist works tend to employ detailed comparative case studies.
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The mansion was designed by Johan Wilhelm Hanrath, a Dutch architect from Hilversum in the traditionalist and rationalist styles. It has two above-ground floors, a basement, and an attic below its hip roof. The roof is covered with red roof tiles, and features two masonry chimneys. The mansion has Flemish bond brickwork.
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Piergiorgio Odifreddi (born 13 July 1950, in Cuneo) is an Italian mathematician, logician, aficionado of the history of science, and popular science writer and essayist, especially on philosophical atheism as a member of the Italian Union of Rationalist Atheists and Agnostics. He is philosophically and politically near to Bertrand Russell and Noam Chomsky.
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The Jesuit Joseph Huby published his book, The Mythomaniacs of the Rationalist Union (1933) as a rebuttal to The Question of Jesus and the Origins of Christianity (1932), jointly published by P. L. Couchoud, Prosper Alfaric, and Alfred Loisy, a book already condemned and placed on the Index by the Vatican (June 1933).
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Bates, 209. Bates compares the disbeliever to the rationalist in the sixth of "Six Significant Landscapes", who trims his thinking to the cut of his hat. Bates suggests that the poem undermines Fuchs's thesis that Stevens's wit is directed mainly at fictions which have failed him,Fuchs, p. 30.Bates, p. 208.
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Hasdai ben Abraham Crescas (; ; c. 1340 in Barcelona, Catalonia – 1410/11 in Zaragoza, Aragon) was a Catalan-Jewish philosopher and a renowned halakhist (teacher of Jewish law). Along with Maimonides ("Rambam"), Gersonides ("Ralbag"), and Joseph Albo, he is known as one of the major practitioners of the rationalist approach to Jewish philosophy.
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Rand rejected the traditional rationalist/empiricist dichotomy, arguing that it embodies a false alternative: conceptually-based knowledge independent of perception (rationalism) versus perceptually-based knowledge independent of concepts (empiricism). Rand argued that neither is possible because the senses provide the material of knowledge while conceptual processing is also needed to establish knowable propositions.
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He taught there for three years. In 1764 he was transferred again, to Valladolid (now Morelia), to teach philosophy in the seminary there. More of a rationalist in philosophy than his predecessors, he was an innovator in the field. Good work in Valladolid got him promoted to the same position in Guadalajara.
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Berthelot, at the same time, criticized the epistemic relativism and defended the pluralism and openness in sociology, which makes him, in the contemporary debate on philosophy of social sciences, a rationalist and constructivist. The pluralism in sociology, in Berthelot's epistemology, is not only inevitably, but even fruitful for the research and theoretical debate.
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Cambridge University Press and the general scientific and rationalist movement. Neopositivism and analytical philosophy discarded classical rationalism and metaphysics in favor of strict empiricism and epistemological nominalism. Proponents such as Bertrand Russell emphatically rejected belief in God. In his early work, Ludwig Wittgenstein attempted to separate metaphysical and supernatural language from rational discourse.
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Upon Premanand's death, the challenge is continued by the Indian Rationalist Association. A similar challenge from James Randi of James Randi Educational Foundation also is in force offering a one-million-dollar prize to anyone who can show, under proper observing conditions, evidence of any paranormal, supernatural, or occult power or event.
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Kotapati Murahari Rao (23 December 1933 – 24 November 2011) was an Indian philanthropist, humanist, rationalist, agriculturist and business magnate. Rao was the founder and managing director of Pravardhan Seeds Private Limited, president of an NGO named 'CEASE Child Labour', Founding Chairman of the 'Seedsmen Association', President of the 'Andhra Pradesh Seedgrowers,Merchants and Nurserymen Association', Treasurer of the Rationalist Association of India, Founder & President of the 'Academy of Rural Development and Research (in Gudavalli)', Vice-Chairman of the 'Institute Management Committee Government Tripuraneni Ramaswami Choudary ITI' in Gudavalli(Guntur Dt), Founder & President of the 'Kaviraju Tripuraneni Ramaswami Choudary Trust', Trustee of the 'Dr. Kasaraneni Jayapradamba Trust', Advisor & committee member of the 'Dr. Rama Naidu Institute of Rural Development, the Vijnanjyothi Foundation'.
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He would paraphrase, edit, and weave in commentaries from other authors in order to make the texts more comprehensible and more palatable to an observant educated Jewish audience. In addition, inspired by the debate between David Kimhi, a Maimonidean, and Judah Alfakhar, an anti-Maimonidean, Falaquera wrote the Iggeret ha-Vikku’ah, The Epistle of the Debate, in order to counter the objections of anti-rationalist thinkers and to persuade them of the value of studying philosophy and science. However, this goal was ultimately not successful as evidenced by continued further controversies surrounding Maimonides and rationalist studies. In the Iggeret ha-Vikku’ah, a debate between a traditionally observant Jew, the pietist, and a Jew educated in philosophy, the scholar, is described.
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Mario Radice, together with Manlio Rho, Aldo Galli, Carla Badiali and others, belonged to the art group named "astrattisti comaschi", a reference to early European experiences of abstract art. He was fascinated by rationalist architecture and was one of the first Italian artists to break from figurative art to join the abstract movement flourishing across Europe at the time. Radice worked closely with the most important Italian rationalist architects (Terragni, Lingeri, Sartoris and Cattaneo), reaching international popularity with abstract frescoes done between 1933 and 1936 for the famous Casa del Fascio of Como, a masterpiece municipal building by Giuseppe Terragni for the National Fascist Party. Eventually the frescoes were destroyed at the end of World War II but photographic documentation still exists.
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Practical reason relates to whether standards or principles exist that are also authoritative for all rational beings, dictating people's intentions and actions. Hume is mainly considered an anti-rationalist, denying the possibility for practical reason, although other philosophers such as Christine Korsgaard, Jean Hampton, and Elijah Millgram claim that Hume is not so much of an anti-rationalist as he is just a sceptic of practical reason. Hume denied the existence of practical reason as a principle because he claimed reason does not have any effect on morality, since morality is capable of producing effects in people that reason alone cannot create. As Hume explains in A Treatise of Human Nature (1740): > Morals excite passions, and produce or prevent actions.
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It also has close links with Skeptics in the Pub (Birmingham), the Asian Rationalist Society (Britain),Asian Rationalist Society (Britain) Lichfield Walsall and South Staffordshire Humanist Group (LWASS),Lichfield Walsall and South Staffordshire Humanist Group (LWASS) Aston University Atheist & Humanist Group, Walsall Humanists and University of Birmingham Atheist, Secular & Humanist Society (UBASH).Atheist, Secular & Humanist Society (UBASH) Documents relating to the early history of the group were deposited at the Bishopsgate Institute in London by Anthony Brierley in 2008, and papers of Dr Harry Stopes-Roe were placed there in 2015 by Adrian Bailey. Newsletters, programmes and AGM material going back to the 1970s were placed in the Local Studies Collection at the Library of Birmingham by John Edwards in 2017.
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"Collectivist House" – a 1921 sketch by Nikolai Ladovsky, leader of the Rationalist movement Avant-garde architecture is architecture which is innovative and radical. There have been a variety of architects and movements whose work has been characterised in this way, especially Modernism. Other examples include Constructivism, Neoplasticism (De Stijl), Neo-futurism, Deconstructivism, Parametricism and Expressionism.
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This work directly challenges the clientelism and rationalist paradigm of the New Public Management. New Public Service (NPS) focuses on democratic governance and re-imagining the accountability of public administrators toward citizens. NPS posits that administrators should be a broker between citizens and their government, focusing on citizen engagement in political and administrative issues.
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First book of the society was 'Te Dev Pursh Har Gaye' original author Dr. T. Kapoor was translated in Punjabi by Sarjit Talwar & Meghraj Mitter. The society publishes its own journals in Punjabi and Hindi. Tarak Bodh (Logical Cognition) and Taraksheel (Rationalist) are brought out in Punjabi and Tarak Jyoti (Logical Enlightenment) in Hindi.
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He has been an atheist from early childhood as is revealed by him on his blog. He is a staunch rationalist and is often seen debating on Indian news channels. While in college, he auditioned for a slot at being a radio host with Radio Midday. That was his first stint in the media.
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Segovia Viaduct is designed for heavy two- way vehicular traffic and has pedestrian sidewalks on either side. It has a drop of 25 meters at its highest point. This is a civil work with influences of rationalist architecture. It is built of polished concrete, while the bases of the pillars are covered with granite blocks.
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In 2008, an independent, rationalist talk show airing on London's Resonance FM called Little Atoms became The Official Podcast of The Skeptic Magazine.Little Atoms New episodes of the show are released on an almost weekly basis. The show has been produced by Neil Denny, Padraig Reidy, Anthony Burn and Richard Sanderson since September 2005.
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This post he held till his death. Like the Scholastics, he distinguished reason and faith, and held that revelation supplies facts, otherwise unattainable, which philosophy is able to group by scientific methods. Theology and philosophy thus form one comprehensive science. Yet Bautain was no rationalist; like Pascal and Newman he exalted faith above reason.
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53–54) Thurtle was a Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Pensions in 1924, a Labour whip from 1930 to 1931 and a junior minister at the Ministry of Information from 1941 to 1945. He was also a journalist and author. In 1941, Thurtle was Chairman of the Rationalist Press Association.Whyte, Adam Gowans (1949).
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Mookencheril Cherian Joseph (6 January 1887 – 26 October 1981), popularly known as Yukthivadi M. C. Joseph, was an eminent rationalist from Kerala, India. M. C. Joseph was born on 6 January 1887 at Thripunithura in Kerala. His father was Mookencheril Kuncheria and mother Maria. After his education, he took up his career as a lawyer.
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The Parthenon in Athens (432 BC) Ancient Greece was the founding culture of Western civilisation. Western democratic and rationalist culture are often attributed to Ancient Greece. The Greek city- state, the polis, was the fundamental political unit of classical Greece. In 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens.
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Paris: Perrin. He called for the restoration of the House of Bourbon to the throne of France and for the ultimate authority of the Pope in temporal matters. Maistre argued that the rationalist rejection of Christianity was directly responsible for the disorder and bloodshed which followed the French Revolution of 1789.Lebrun, Richard (1989).
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Reflections on Language is a 1975 book in which the linguist Noam Chomsky argues for a rationalist approach to human nature in which human capability is seen as innate rather than a blank slate upon which psychological and social forces act (empiricism). The New York Times selected the book as among the year's best.
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Further, they outlined an alternative vision to neo-classicism based on a rationalist theory of knowledge. Within neo-classicism, the authors addressed consumer behaviour (in the form of indifference curves and simple versions of revealed preference theory) and marginalist producer behaviour in both product and factor markets. Both are based on rational optimizing behaviour.
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He was the first president of the Italian Society of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapy (SITCC) and he co-founded the Institute of Post-Rationalist Psychology and Psychotherapy (IPRA). Guidano's work has been called "the most important influence" on Jeffrey Young's schema therapy. He also influenced the elaboration of other constructivist psychotherapies such as coherence therapy.
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Atluri Poornachandra Rao (4 April 1925 – 29 October 2017) was an Indian film producer and communist leader. He was influenced by left ideology and participated in the rationalist movement led by Gora. He was a member of united Communist Party and was arrested multiple times. As a film producer he produced several films between 1950 and 1970.
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Another renowned Dutch writer, Gerard Reve, has also been on friendly terms with Kousbroek. But there remained a gap between the rationalist Kousbroek and the Roman Catholic convert Reve. The latter mocked Kousbroek and his rationalism in his novel Het boek van violet en dood (1996) (The book of violet and death). Kousbroek had been married to Ethel Portnoy.
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There is debate on whether he is best classed as a Christian or a theistic rationalist—or both. Washington emphasized religious toleration in a nation with numerous denominations and religions. He publicly attended services of different Christian denominations and prohibited anti-Catholic celebrations in the Army. He engaged workers at Mount Vernon without regard for religious belief or affiliation.
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Judith L. Hayes (1945–2012) was an American author and secular humanist columnist. She is best known for her book, The Happy Heretic, and she also operated a humanist website by the same name. Her work has appeared in numerous publications including Free Inquiry, Skeptical Inquirer, Freethought Today, Humanist in Canada, American Rationalist, and Secular Humanist Bulletin.
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Agassi's prime interest is in science, metaphysics, and politics. He takes it that philosophy is nothing if not rationalist. For over fifty years he studied the rationality of science, metaphysics, and democratic politics. An advocate of Popper's philosophy with variations, Agassi ignores many of the problems that concern some philosophers of science, chiefly that of theory choice.
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The Brahmo Samaj was started by a Bengali scholar, Ram Mohan Roy in 1828. Ram Mohan Roy endeavoured to create from the ancient Upanishadic texts, a vision of rationalist 'modern' India. Socially, he criticized the ongoing superstitions,Glory Of Indian Culture, p.40, Giriraj Shah Satya Pal Ruhela - 2003 and believed in a monotheistic Vedic religion.
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3, 1997, p.319 The theory emerged from debates concerning the scientific method of international relations theories and theories role in the production of international power.K.M. Ferike, International Relations Theories:Discipline and Diversity, Dunne, Kurki and Smith, OUP, p.167 Emanuel Adler states that constructivism occupies a middle ground between rationalist and interpretative theories of international relations.
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A proponent of philosophical hermeneutics and skepticism, Marquards work focuses on aspects of human fallibility, contingency and finitude. He rejected idealist, rationalist and universalist conceptions and defended philosophical particularism and pluralism. His essay "In Praise of Polytheism" provoked discussion and controversy in Germany. In it, he promotes a "disenchanted return of polytheism" as a political theology.
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Sanal Edamaruku, atheist and founder-president of Rationalist International, had to flee India in 2012, when the Catholic Secular Forum pressed charges against him under Section 295(A) of the Indian Penal Code, which penalises outraging the religious sentiments of any citizen.Shaffer, R (March–April 2013). "Blasphemy, Free Speech, and Rationalism: An Interview with Sanal Edamaruku". The Humanist.
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Sreeni Pattathanam (born 10 June 1956) is a rationalist, activist, and writer from Kerala, India. He was born in the Pattathanam area of Kollam City in the Indian state of Kerala. Pattathanam was the editor of Ranarekha, a monthly in Malayalam, which ceased publication in the 1980s. He started publishing another monthly in Malayalam called Yukthirajyam.
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Genuine piety was found almost solely in small Pietist gatherings. However, some of the laity preserved Lutheran orthodoxy from both Pietism and rationalism through reusing old catechisms, hymnbooks, postils, and devotional writings, including those written by Johann Gerhard, Heinrich Müller, and Christian Scriver.Devotional Literature Project Aside from that, however, Lutheranism vanished in the wake of rationalist philosophy.
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Plotinus offers a version of the argument that Kant calls "The Achilles of Rationalist Psychology". Plotinus first argues that the soul is simple, then notes that a simple being cannot decompose. Many subsequent philosophers have argued both that the soul is simple and that it must be immortal. The tradition arguably culminates with Moses Mendelssohn's Phaedon.
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In fact, the next day his father and brother are getting over his sickness and the weather is less harsh for working. The developments in these two short stories and in others, as well, point to an overall theme in the novel of a sense of disillusionment with religion. The protagonist seems to embrace rationalist, individualist thinking.
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Samdech Chuon Nath at Wat Ounalom in 1960. Som Dech Nath was the head of a reformist movement in the Khmer Buddhist Sangha which developed a rationalist-scholastic model of Buddhism, rooted in linguistic studies of the Pali Canon. This new movement, known as Dhammayuttika Nikaya, influenced young Khmer monks in the early 20th century.Harris, 1999.
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In the lead up to the First World War most peace societies were Christian associations. In 1910, Bonner became the chairperson of the first secular peace society, the Rationalist Peace Society.Royle (1980), p.213. The aim of the society was to "protest against ideas and methods which are utterly opposed to reason and the interests of social progress".
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War's inefficiency puzzle is a research question asking why unitary-actor states would choose to fight wars when doing so is costly. James Fearon’s Rationalist Explanations for War and Robert Powell's In the Shadow of Power, which launched rational choice theory in international relations, provide three possible answers: private information and incentives to misrepresent, commitment problems, and issue indivisibility.
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The Franciscan friar Roger Bacon in the 13th century argued that ancient Gods such as Minerva, Prometheus, Atlas, Apollo, Io and Mercury were all deified humans. – Opus Maius, ed. J. H. Bridges, Oxford, 1897, pp. 46–47. “After all, it was during this time that Christian apologists had adopted the views of the rationalist Greek philosophers.
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Michelle Véra Schatzman was born in a secular Jewish family. Her father is French astrophysicist Évry Schatzman, who also became president of the Rationalist Union. Her mother Ruth Schatzman (née Fisher) is an associate of Russian in high schools in Lille and Paris, then a lecturer at the Paris VIII University. Michelle Schatzman married Yves Pigier in 1975.
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Dai graduated from the University of Washington with a degree in computer science and is described as an "intensely private computer engineer". Wei Dai was member of the Cypherpunks, Extropians, and SL4 mailing lists in the 1990s. On SL4 he exchanged with people such as Eliezer Yudkowsky, Robin Hanson, Nick Bostrom, and others in the nascent "rationalist" community.
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The speech of clouds would contrast with "the simplest of speech" that would be enough for those who know "the ultimate plato", as Stevens writes in Homunculus et la Belle Étoile. The poem is consistent with what Stevens called his "pagan" skepticism about religion in Sunday Morning (poem), and his distrust of rationalist philosophy ("rationalists, wearing square hats").
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While at NASA he contributed to the Cassini–Huygens mission, the CONTOUR spacecraft, and development of the James Webb Space Telescope. In 2011 he was asked to be columnist for American Atheist Magazine, and then contributing editor for The American Rationalist. He has written for Humanist Perspectives magazine, Popular Electronics , Journal of Applied Fire Science, and Science.
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A cattle merchant by profession he is said to have been a man of exemplary truthfulness, a great musician, a courageous warrior, a rationalist who fought against superstition and a devotee of the goddess Jagadamba. The colonial British administrators also quote his stories but they place him in the 19th century and identify his original name as Siva Rathor.
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Elia del Medigo was a descendant of Judah ben Eliezer ha-Levi Minz and Moses ben Isaac ha-Levi Minz. Eli'ezer del Medigo, of Rome, received the surname "Del Medigo" after studying Medicine. The name was later changed from Del Medigo to Ha-rofeh. He was the father and teacher of a long line of rationalist philosophers and scholars.
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Government of Romania: History of Victoria Palace , retrieved 11 September 2011 He is best known for designing some of the largest government building projects in Bucharest in the 1930s, employing stylised classical forms influenced by Italian rationalist architecture of the period. They include the CFR (State Railways) Palace, the Military Academy, and finally the huge Victory Palace.
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Neo-Guelphism was a 19th-century Italian political movement, started by Vincenzo Gioberti, which wanted to unite Italy into a single kingdom with the Pope as its king. Despite little popular support, the movement raised interests among intellectuals, journalists and Catholic reformist politicians. They were also linked both to ontologism, a philosophical movement, and to rationalist-leaning theology.
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It is believed that the proposals for reform of the United Nations come from rationalist thoughts and points of view. This belief is held because most members of the UN agree that the UN requires reform, in the way of expanding or abolishing the Security Council and granting it more powers to violate sovereignty if necessary.
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Total number of Jains in Tamil Nadu was 88,000 in 2001. Atheist, rationalist, and humanist philosophies are also adhered by sizeable minorities. at p. 178 The Om symbol in Tamil script The most popular Tamil Hindu deity is Murugan; he is known as the patron god of the Tamils and is also called "Tamil Kadavul" (Tamil God).
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María Teresa Giménez Barbat (born 4 June 1955 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain) is a Spanish anthropologist, writer and politician. She advocates secular humanism, rationalist universalism and scepticism. She writes in two languages, Spanish and Catalan. She is member of the Spanish political party Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) and has participated in anti-nationalist movements before in Catalonia.
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American linguist Norbert Hornstein wrote that before Syntactic Structures, linguistic research was overly preoccupied with creating hierarchies and categories of all observable language data. One of the "lasting contributions" of Syntactic Structures is that it shifted the linguistic research methodology to abstract, rationalist theory-making based on contacts with data, which is the "common scientific practice".
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His near-exact contemporary, the English philosopher-physician, Sir Thomas Browne (1605–82) collected his books avidly while his eldest son Edward Browne in 1665 visited the Jesuit priest resident at Rome. Towards the end of Kircher's life, however, his stock fell, as the rationalist Cartesian approach began to dominate (Descartes himself described Kircher as "more quacksalver than savant").
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Malladi Subbamma Malladi Subbamma (2 August 1924 – 15 May 2014) born in Pothardhakam in Repella of Guntur district. She was a feminist writer, rationalist, and editor of Stree Swetcha (). She worked for the upliftment of women by focusing on their education. She became a prominent figure in united Andhra Pradesh, after spearheading the Anti-liquor movement.
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Robots of different kind are major characters in several stories from Lem's Tales of Pirx the Pilot cycle, as well as in some occasional stories, such as The Mask. Dominika Oramus, "The Uncanny Robots of Plot Pirx: Stanisław Lem's Tales", Interlitteraria, vol. 21, no. 1, 2016, 143-157, "Stanisław Lem, Rationalist and Visionary", Science Fiction Studies, vil.
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It posits that: # Designers attempt to optimize a design candidate for known constraints and objectives. # The design process is plan-driven. # The design process is understood in terms of a discrete sequence of stages. The rational model is based on a rationalist philosophy and underlies the waterfall model, systems development life cycle, and much of the engineering design literature.
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His books were best-sellers in Kerala during those times. As a rationalist and an atheist, he wrote over 170 books on various subjects ranging from religion to philosophy to miracles. His autobiography, The Times that Raised the Tempest, won a Kerala Literary Academy award. He also translated and published in Malayalam the complete works of Abraham Kovoor.
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Greenwood Press. p. 198 Notable columnists have included Laurie Taylor, Simon Hoggart and Sally Feldman. In 2003 Hazhir Teimourian, a reviewer for the magazine, quit over a controversial cartoon depicting Christ slumped in the arms of the Virgin Mary. In 2005 Caspar Melville took over as managing editor of the magazine and CEO of the Rationalist Association.
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J. M. D. Meiklejohn, A631 Kant thus distinguishes between rationally-oriented (ontotheological) and empirically-oriented (cosmotheological) discussion. Consistently with Kant's definition, philosophical and theological writers sometimes use the words "ontotheology" or "ontotheological" to refer to the metaphysical or theological views characteristic of many rationalist philosophers. Heidegger, discussed below, later argued for a broader definition of the word ontotheology.
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The bill was not presented in the winter session of the legislature. The bill was revised and redrafted by rationalist Shyam Manav. This draft was presented as Maharashtra Eradication of Black Magic and Evil and Aghori Practices Bill, 2005. The bill was introduced for the first time in the Legislative Assembly in the winter session of 2005.
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Without sensory impressions and tests how can you be sure a theory corresponds to reality? A rationalist might say because the theory makes sense. However, it makes sense that a bird walking across the street prefers walking to flying. The only way to reveal the true reason for the creature walking, a broken wing, is by observing it.
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He said that the call to Islam was not made using such methods by the Qur'an or the Prophet and that these theories have only caused errors and corruption. The mutakallimun called their use of rationalist theology "Usul al-Din" (principles of religion) but Ibn Taymiyyah said that the use of rationalist theology has nothing to do with the true usul al-din which comes from God and to state otherwise is to say that the Prophet neglected an important aspect of Islam. Ibn Taymiyyah says that the usul al-din of the mutakallimun, deserve to be named usul din al-shaytan (principles of Satanic religion). Ibn Taymiyyah's attempts to focus attention onto Qur'anic rationality was taken up by his student Ibn Qayyim, to the exception of his other followers.
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Rationalist philosophers such as Victor Cousin and Auguste Comte, who called for a new social doctrine, were opposed by reactionary thinkers such as Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald and Félicité Robert de Lamennais, who blamed the rationalist rejection of traditional order. De Maistre is considered, together with the Englishman Edmund Burke, one of the founders of European conservatism, while Comte is regarded as the founder of positivism, which Émile Durkheim reformulated as a basis for social research. In the 20th century, partly as a reaction to the perceived excesses of positivism, French spiritualism thrived with thinkers such as Henri Bergson and it influenced American pragmatism and Whitehead's version of process philosophy. Meanwhile, French epistemology became a prominent school of thought with Jules Henri Poincaré, Gaston Bachelard, Jean Cavaillès and Jules Vuillemin.
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The modern Unitarian Church in Hungary (25,000 members) and the Transylvanian Unitarian Church (75,000 members) are affiliated with the International Council of Unitarians and Universalists (ICUU) and claim continuity with the historical Unitarian Christian tradition established by Ferenc Dávid in 1565 in Transylvania under John II Sigismund Zápolya. The Unitarian churches in Hungary and Transylvania are structured and organized along a church hierarchy that includes the election by the synod of a national bishop who serves as superintendent of the Church. Many Hungarian Unitarians embrace the principles of rationalist Unitarianism. Unitarian high schools exist only in Transylvania (Romania), including the John Sigismund Unitarian Academy in Cluj-Napoca (Kolozsvár), the Protestant Theological Institute of Cluj, and the Berde Mózes Unitárius Gimnázium in Cristuru Secuiesc (Székelykeresztúr); both teach Rationalist Unitarianism.
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The main prayer hall is on the second floor, while the room for women is on the first. The minaret is 35 meters high. The whole complex is constructed with white bricks, that seem to be in harmony with the apartment blocks that are around the mosque. Specialists describe the Bulgar Mosque as a modern Muslim temple, with a rationalist design.
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War's inefficiency puzzle explains why states go to war even though war is costly. In James Fearon’s Rationalist Explanations for War, he asserts war is costly and that creates an incentive to bargain with the other side. However, states do not bargain and instead go to war because of private information on the capability to fight and the incentives to misrepresent this information.
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He did not believe the order's humanitarian and rationalist aims were achievable by secret means. He further believed that a society's drive for members would ultimately submerge its founding ideals. Christoph Friedrich Nicolai, the Berlin writer and bookseller, became disillusioned after joining. He found its aims chimeric, and thought that the use of Jesuit methods to achieve their aims was dangerous.
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Syed maintains a strong legacy in Pakistan and among Indian Muslims. He strongly influenced other Muslim leaders including Allama Iqbal and Jinnah. His advocacy of Islam's rationalist (Muʿtazila) tradition, and at broader, radical reinterpretation of the Quran to make it compatible with science and modernity, continues to influence the global Islamic reformation. Many universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Sir Syed's name.
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Werkmeister was a rationalist, though of the noble sort, and lacked profoundness of religious thought and feeling. He never penetrated into the spiritual depths of religion, but, on the other hand, he never sought to set aside the authority of Scripture and of the received doctrines of the evangelical faith. He had the boldness to attack various Romish teachings and institutions, e.g.
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In the late 1960s, a new rationalist movement emerged in architecture, claiming inspiration from both the Enlightenment and early-20th-century rationalists. Like the earlier rationalists, the movement, known as the Tendenza, was centered in Italy. Practitioners include Carlo Aymonino (1926–2010), Aldo Rossi (1931–97), and Giorgio Grassi. The Italian design magazine Casabella featured the work of these architects and theorists.
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There are palaces and artistic treasures from the Renaissance; fountains, churches and palaces from Baroque times. There is art and architecture from the Art Nouveau, Neoclassic, Modernist and Rationalist periods. There are museums, such as the Musei Capitolini, the Vatican Museums, Galleria Borghese. Parts of the historical centre were reorganised after the 19th-century Italian Unification (1880–1910 – Roma Umbertina).
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In 2004, Premanand put forth a proposal for Narendra Nayak to become president of FIRA at a general body meeting held at Bhatinda, Punjab. It was unanimously accepted. Premanand and Nayak met in 1980 or 1981 when Nayak was the secretary of Dakshina Kannada Rationalist Association. U. Kalanathan of Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham is the current General Secretary of the organization.
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In her introduction to Essays towards peace, Hypatia noted that there was a "growing public opinion in favour of arbitration as the alternative to war" and that it was reason that demonstrated "the futility, the brutality, the economic waste, the immorality of war". The Rationalist Peace Society remained active throughout the war, but fell into decline after peace was concluded.
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Beccaria did not take issue with the substance of contemporary penal codes—e.g., whipping and the pillory; rather, he took issue with their form and implementation. Jeremy Bentham, English rationalist penal reformer and designer of the Panopticon. Other rationalists, like Jeremy Bentham, believed that deterrence alone could not end criminality and looked instead to the social environment as the ultimate source of crime.
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Humanists Sweden () is the largest humanist/rationalist organisation in Sweden with about 4,500 members. It is a member organisation of Humanists International (HI) and the European Humanist Federation (EHF). Humanists Sweden work for a secular life stance founded on reason, compassion and responsibility. Its goals include a completely secular state, free of religious oppression, discrimination and other infringements on human rights.
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While an employee at the bottling shop, Bell became interested in atheism and labour politics.Bell, Pioneering Days, pg. 26. He read rationalist works by Ernst Haeckel and Thomas Huxley as well as works on evolution by Charles Darwin and gradually became acquainted with socialist ideas.Bell, Pioneering Days, pg. 32. Together with two companions, Bell joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1900.
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His speech was delivered to the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was published in the journal Science and covered by the New York Times. In 1958, Riddle was named the Humanist of the Year by the American Humanist Association. He was president of the American Rationalist Federation in 1959 and 1960. In 1937, Riddle married Leona Lewis, a music teacher.
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Kim is widely regarded as a rationalist and a reformist in South Korean society. Hwang Kyo-ahn, the President of the UFP, described him as "innovative and reformative". His image is described as a "soft compromiser" rather than a "harsh shouter". He is also well known as a factionless politician, despite of a close relationship with the former President Lee Myung-bak.
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He was a prominent rationalist and atheist, after abandoning his parents' Methodism at university. It was at this time that he ended his engagement to Elizabeth (Bessie) Moore, the daughter of Methodist Minister Henry Moore. Bessie later married Edwin P. Carter on the 18th May 1911 at the Northcote Methodist Church, High Street, Northcote. Latham married Eleanor Mary Tobin, known as Ella.
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To do this, we will have to criticize irrational faiths and propagate rational knowledge. Since Yukthivadi does not believe in any ultimate knowledge, it will not hesitate to correct itself based upon the latest information and knowledge. Every rationalist is bound to do so. The only maxim that Yukthivadi accepts as unchangeable is that the knowledge should be based upon reason.
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Bricmont is mostly known to the non-academic audience as a rationalist activist who partners with American intellectuals with similar views. He has notably criticized postmodernist views of science along with Alan Sokal, with whom he wrote Fashionable Nonsense (1997). He has also criticized imperialism and defended freedom of expression, adopting a position on the issue similar to that of Noam Chomsky.
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Hase's aim was to reconcile modern culture with historical Christianity in a scientific way. But though a liberal theologian, he was no dry rationalist. Indeed, he vigorously attacked rationalism, as distinguished from the rational principle, charging it with being unscientific inasmuch as it ignored the historical significance of Christianity, shut its eyes to individuality and failed to give religious feeling its due.
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Gerlach became Judge of the High Court, or Oberlandesgerichtsrat, in the city of Naumburg in 1823. In 1829, he became Agricultural and Municipal Court Director in Halle. Gerlach also took a deep interest in theological matters, opposing the rationalist trends of his time. In 1830 he authored an anonymous article in the Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, then edited by the staunchly orthodox Ernst Hengstenberg.
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In the 14th century it housed, among others, the poet Petrarch. It was pillaged in 1449 when the Visconti dynasty fell. It was suppressed under the rationalist reforms of the Emperor Joseph II, Milan then being under Austrian rule, and became a parish church in 1782. In 1960 the surviving buildings and parochial duties were taken over by the Capuchin Friars.
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The Arab World Institute is located on Rue des Fossés Saint Bernard and constructed from 1981 to 1987 with a floor space of . Jean Nouvel, together with Architecture-Studio, won the 1981 design competition. The building acts as a buffer zone between the Jussieu Campus, in large rationalist blocks, and the Seine. The building houses a museum, library, auditorium, restaurant, and offices.
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Born in Monkwearmouth, Sunderland,ODNB Wallas was the older brother of Katharine, later to become a politician. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. It was at Oxford that Wallas abandoned his religion. He taught at Highgate School until 1885, when he resigned rather than participate in communion, and was President of the Rationalist Press Association.
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Brace, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia (1964) p. 142. The vision at Bourguiba offered was of a Tunisian republic. The political culture would be secular, populist, and imbued with a kind of French rationalist vision of the state at was buoyant, touched with élan, Napoleonic in spirit. Bourguiba then saw an idiosyncratic, eclectic future combining tradition and innovation, Islam with a liberal prosperity.
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McMahon was an Anglican. He did not have a strong religious upbringing – his father was a lapsed Catholic and self-described "rationalist", while his mother's family were Anglican. McMahon developed an interest in theology as a teenager, and read widely on the subject over the rest of his life. He cited the works of William Temple as a major influence.
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After becoming a freethinker early in life, Johnson became prominent in the San Diego area Freethought movement, eventually hosting annual dinners in honor of his heroes Robert Green Ingersoll and Thomas Paine. He was also a fan of ex-Roman Catholic priest Freethought and Rationalist writer Joseph McCabe, and stocked his large collection of Little Blue Books from Girard, Kansas.
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Helena Cronin (born 1942) is a British Darwinian philosopher and rationalist. She is the co-director of the Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science and the Darwin Centre at the London School of Economics. She achieved prominence with her book, The Ant and the Peacock: Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today (1991) and has published and broadcast widely since.
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The ancient Mu'tazilite sect did not consider consensus to be a valid source of law, primarily due to their rationalist criticism of the first generation of Muslims, whom the Mu'tazila viewed as possessing defective personalities and intellects.Devin Stewart, "Muhammad b. Dawud al- Zahiri's Manual of Jurisprudence." Taken from Studies in Islamic Law and Society Volume 15: Studies in Islamic Legal Theory.
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5, no. 2, 1943, pp. 125–140. JSTOR Catholic studies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries avoided the use of critical methodology because of its rationalist tendencies. Frequent political revolutions, bitter opposition of “liberalism” to the church, and the expulsion of religious orders from France and Germany, made the church understandably suspicious of the new intellectual currents of the period.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Ghillany (18 April 1807 in Erlangen - 26 June 1876) was a German Lutheran theologian,ADB:Ghillany, Friedrich Wilhelm In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, S. 143 f. historian, librarian and publicist. His rationalist outlook, influenced by Georg Friedrich Daumer, forced him to retire from his post as vicar at St. Aegidius parish in Nuremberg.
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1, 217. The boundary between religio and superstitio is not clearly defined. The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean rationalist, against what is usually translated as "superstition" was in fact aimed at excessive religio. Roman religion was based on knowledge rather than faith,Clifford Ando, The Matter of the Gods: Religion and the Roman Empire (University of California Press, 2008), p. 13.
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The New Humanist has been in print for 131 years; starting out life as Watts's Literary Guide, founded by C. A. Watts in November 1885. It later became The Literary Guide and Rationalist Review (1894–1954), Humanist (1956–1971) and the New Humanist in 1972.Sullivan, Alvin. (1983). British Literary Magazines: The Augustan age and the age of Johnson, 1698-1788.
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The LOTH has wide-ranging significance for a number of domains in cognitive science. It relies on a version of functionalist materialism, which holds that mental representations are actualized and modified by the individual holding the propositional attitude, and it challenges eliminative materialism and connectionism. It implies a strongly rationalist model of cognition in which many of the fundamentals of cognition are innate.
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His first article was published in an Urdu daily, Wakeel Amritsar when he was nine years old. Philosophy, logic and psychology were his favourite subjects. He studied several books of Orientalists and under their influence, became sceptical of religion and called himself a "rationalist". For almost nine years, he remained away from religion but repented and became a devout Muslim.
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Gamal al- Banna represented an interpretation of Islam which is rationalist, humanist, egalitarian, feminist, anti-authoritarian, liberal and secular. As a political thinker and social reformer he adopted an anti-capitalist position.Al-Banna, Gamal, Al-Islam din wa umma wa laisa din wa doula (Islam is Religion and Community, not Religion and State), dar al-fikr al-islami. Cairo, 2003, p. 202.
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Growing older, Vivienne began to become uninterested in going to the school chapels but still enjoyed churches for their architecture. At seventeen, 1945, Vivienne attended University College London, taking part in the English program provided there. University College, London was known for being “godless” being strongly influenced by rationalist and communist ideas, and lacking a chapel for students to use.
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Nazzam's rejection of consensus as a valid source of law was primarily due to his rationalist criticism of the first generation of Muslims, mainly Abu Hurayra, whom he viewed as possessing defective personalities and intellects.Devin J. Stewart, "Muhammad b. Dawud al-Zahiri's Manual of Jurisprudence." Taken from Studies in Islamic Law and Society Volume 15: Studies in Islamic Legal Theory.
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Dungan was hired to direct a film based on the life of the 15th century Tamil poet Kalamega Pulavar. Nadaswaram Maestro T. N. Rajarathnam Pillai was cast in the title role as poet Kalamegam. The script was written by the rationalist poet Puduvai Bharathidasan. To satisfy Rajarathnam Pillai's fans, scenes with Kalamegam playing the Nadaswaram were added to the film.
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Pasupathi Pillai's son Amirtham (Ganesh) returns to the village after completing his engineering degree. Amirtham is an outspoken atheist and rationalist. Thereafter, Amirtha falls in love with Amirtham while Amirtham's half-sister Sorna (Madhura) is killed by her sadist husband Veerayan (Yugendran). Rukkumani then learns of her daughter's love with the Nadaswaram exponent's son Amirtham and she supports her daughter's love affair.
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They emphasize a scientific and rationalist, non-superstitious world view, and oppose "indoctrination" into other-worldly belief systems. According to The Satanic Temple and After School Satan's co-founder and spokesperson, Lucien Greaves: and adds One "well attended" club in Seattle had to pause their activities during the 2017-2018 school year due to lack of funds and, or volunteers.
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Interior of the main hall of Cirebon Kejaksan Station. The current building of Cirebon Station was the work of a Dutch architect Pieter Adriaan Jacobus Moojen. It was built by the train company Staats Spoorwegen (SS) in 1912. The architecture of the building follows the Dutch Rationalist conformed into the tropics, becoming a new vernacular style sometimes dubbed the New Indies Style.
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Rationalist emphasis on the natural and popular were the antithesis of Habsburg elitism and divine authority. Eventually external powers forced rationalism on Austria. By the time of his death in 1740, Charles III had secured the acceptance of the Pragmatic Sanction by most of the European powers. The remaining question was whether it was realistic in the complicated power games of European dynasties.
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A strong supporter of secular society and rationalist ideas, Ross joined the Victorian Rationalist Association during the Melbourne period. His influential pamphlet Eureka—Freedom Fight of '54 appeared in 1914 – in commemoration of the Eureka miners' rebellion of sixty years earlier. A significant portion of Ross' political work during the First World War, which Ross stood against from the beginning as a committed pacifist, consisted of anti-war activities. He agitated for a general strike against Australia's entry into the conflict in 1914, and lent his support to various organizations organized to oppose the draft and the wartime crackdown on the political opposition at home. He was arrested for such activities on various occasions after 1914, but remained unflinchingly committed to the anti-war cause in spite the political repression targeting the pacifists and socialists during this time.
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Prabhuvinte Makkal is the debutant venture of Sajeevan Anthikkad, who has some previous experience in documentary films. The story is loosely based on the life of a real person, who was known for his atheist views. The film was blocked on YouTube on 11 February 2015. It was uploaded on YouTube on 8 January 2015 by the Kerala Freethinkers Forum, a rationalist and secularist group.
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Robert Paxton argues that "a passionate nationalism" is the basis of fascism, combined with "a conspiratorial and Manichean view of history" which holds that "the chosen people have been weakened by political parties, social classes, unassimilable minorities, spoiled rentiers, and rationalist thinkers".Paxton, Robert O. (2004) The Anatomy Of Fascism. New York: Knopf. p. 41. Roger Griffin identifies the core of fascism as being palingenetic ultranationalism.
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He sought to create objects so that the new science of form could be understood by the senses: that is as a concrete art. Thus Bill is not a rationalist – as is typically thought – but rather a phenomenologist. One who understands embodiment as the ultimate expression of a concrete art. In this way he is not so much extending as re-interpreting Bauhaus theory.
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Kusruti's mother Dr. Jayasree AK, a community health specialist and a social activist, lectures at Pariyaram Medical College, and is a regular guest on talk shows. Her father Maitreya Maitreyan has worked for, and led, several human rights movements in Kerala. She lives in Mumbai with her partner, the filmmaker and science communicator, Anand Gandhi. She identifies herself as an atheist and a rationalist.
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Rorty's notion of human rights is grounded on the notion of sentimentality. He contended that throughout history humans have devised various means of construing certain groups of individuals as inhuman or subhuman. Thinking in rationalist (foundationalist) terms will not solve this problem, he claimed. Rorty advocated the creation of a culture of global human rights in order to stop violations from happening through a sentimental education.
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Japan: Studies of Ethology in Japan have regularly used anthropomorphism and anecdotal methods, Japanese culture did not follow the rationalist American behaviourist approach. The cultural differences between the two countries underpin the different methods used to investigate animal behaviour in the academic disciplines. A reason scholars cite for this difference is Japan's spiritual foundation of animism in Shintoism and Buddhism, where animate and inanimate objects have spirits.
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Burrus (2011), p. 101 He suggests at some points that the pagan deities are based on humans, but at others that they are misanthropic demons, and he cites several classical sources in support of this second hypothesis.Ferguson (1974), p. 50 Clement, like many pre-Nicene fathers, writes favourably about Euhemerus and other rationalist philosophers, on the grounds that they at least saw the flaws in paganism.
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The family lived in a rented house and his mother worked as a midwife at the Ambam clinic. Balasingham was educated at Sacred Heart College, Karaveddy and Nelliady Central College. Balasingham was raised a Roman Catholic, the religion of his mother, but as he grew up he became a rationalist and agnostic. He was also attracted to leftist politics which had strong support in the Karaveddy area.
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He led the protest of oppressive practices by the Saxon State Consistory in the state- governed Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Saxony. He came under attack by the rationalist pastors for his confessional and orthodox stand. Pastor Stephan continued to uphold biblical and sacramental practices in his church. In 1824, Martin Stephan began to consider America as a place to practice the faith without harassment.
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Initially the reaction was towards an art decoesque Classicism that was initially inflected with Constructivist devices, such as in Iofan's House on Embankment of 1929–32. For a few years some structures were designed in a composite style sometimes called Postconstructivism. After this brief synthesis, Neo-Classical reaction was totally dominant until 1955. Rationalist buildings were still common in industrial architecture, but extinct in urban projects.
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Secundino Zuazo Ugalde (1887–1971) was a Spanish architect and city planner. Born in Bilbao, he graduated from Madrid's architecture school in 1913, and lived there until his death. Zuazo was a rationalist architect, among the most important of his generation. The best known of his works are the Casa de las Flores and Nuevos Ministerios of Madrid (whose construction he did not direct).
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When combined with the disdain for superstition frequently expressed by her protagonists and an evident mistrust of magical power (even in many of her works of fantasy), Cherryh's fiction can therefore be said to endorse at least a moderately empiricist philosophy and a rationalist or realist world view. Indeed, her 1981 novel Wave Without a Shore can be read as an explicit rejection of philosophical idealism.
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According to Zwingli, the cornerstone of theology is the Bible. Zwingli appealed to scripture constantly in his writings. He placed its authority above other sources such as the ecumenical councils or the Church Fathers, although he did not hesitate to use other sources to support his arguments. The principles that guide Zwingli's interpretations are derived from his rationalist humanist education and his Reformed understanding of the Bible.
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In 1842, he began his active ministry at Kingsbridge, Devonshire. Ordained in 1842, Pope became a successful linguist and translator of German anti-rationalist critics. He taught at Didsbury Wesleyan College in Manchester, England from 1867 to 1886. His greatest work, Compendium of Christian Theology (1875-1876), set forth influential arguments for the "holiness doctrine of all Methodist systematic theology" and defended Methodist doctrine against its critics.
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After World War One, Europe witnessed a boom of art movements based upon rationalism such as De Stijl and Bauhaus. Artists believed humanity would be able to achieve progress through its ability to reason. In Latin America, ideas of rationalist and non-objective art took root in the early 1950s in reaction to the muralism controversy. Governments such as the Mexican government utilized muralists to create propaganda.
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J.B.S. Haldane independently postulated his primordial soup theory in 1929 in an eight-page article "The origin of life" in The Rationalist Annual. According to Haldane the primitive Earth's atmosphere was essentially reducing, with little or no oxygen. Ultraviolet rays from the Sun induced reactions on a mixture of water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Organic substances such as sugars and protein components (amino acids) were synthesised.
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Anne Conway (also known as Viscountess Conway; née Finch; 14 December 1631 – 23 February 1679) was an English philosopher whose work, in the tradition of the Cambridge Platonists, was an influence on Gottfried Leibniz. Conway's thought is a deeply original form of rationalist philosophy, with hallmarks of gynocentric concerns and patterns that lead some to think of it as unique among seventeenth-century systems.
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José Peirats Valls (15 March 1908 La Vall d'Uixó - 20 August 1989) was a Spanish anarchist, activist, journalist and historian. Peirats was born in the Province of Castellón. He had a limited schooling in one of the working class rationalist schools which offered an alternative to mainstream education controlled by the clergy and state. Thus he developed a thirst for learning which never left him.
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On 8 July 2017, the entire capital city of Asmara was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the inscription taking place during the 41st World Heritage Committee Session. The city has thousands of Art Deco, futurist, modernist, and rationalist buildings, constructed during the period of Italian Eritrea. Asmara, a small town in the nineteenth century, started to grow quickly during 1889. Britannica,Asmara, britannica.
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The rationalist theory, which Immanuel Kant has inspired, also claims that our ability to achieve self-knowledge through rational reflection is partly derived from the fact that we view ourselves as rational agents. This school rejects that self-knowledge is merely derived from observation as it acknowledges the subject as authoritative on account of his ability as an agent to shape his own states.
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The abbey survived nevertheless and from the later 17th century onwards regained morale and wealth. The premises were rebuilt, and the study of theology and philosophy flourished. However, the rationalist reforms of the Emperor Joseph II brought about the dissolution of the abbey on 21 May 1789. The abbot of Seitenstetten was appointed administrator and a number of Säusenstein's treasures were removed to Seitenstetten.
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Volkmar, a modern rationalist preterist, points to pestilence striking in year 66. ;Historicist view This rider signifies twenty years of fighting, famine and disease that plagued the reigns of Emperors Decius, Gallus, Aemilianus, Valerian, and Galliennus (248-268). ;Futurist view Spells death for one-fourth of the earth's inhabitants. The war started by the Antichrist, will reach the finale with the seven bowls of judgments.
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A "theological rationalist", he transformed the study of history into a "new science".J.J. Saunders, review of 'Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History' by Muhsin Mahdi, History and Theory vol 5, no 3, (1966), pp. 322-347. In his eyes, dynasties repeatedly become "sedentary, senile, coercive, pompous, subservient to desire ... liable to divisions in the dynasty." Group feeling (asabiyyah, groupthink) disappears as the dynasty grows senile.
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She described herself as a "rationalist mystic". She was influenced in her theology by August Hermann Francke; while she showed solidarity with those on the margins of society, she did not show any political support for class reform. Sieveking lived off the senatorial pension and two small inheritances, and maintained her independence. After her death her work was continued by her friend Elise Averdieck (1808-1907).
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French philosophical theories became popular with Latin American intellectuals as the Spanish Empire was coming to an end. Arturo Ardao mentions that Condillac was held in high regard by the people of Rio de la Plata region. After becoming independent, the new republics founded universities and hired teachers from Europe who spread rationalist ideals. Among Paraguayan scholars of the early 19th century were the physicians and .
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Rationalists subscribe to positivism, the idea that scientific enquiry must rely upon empirical validation or falsification.Zehfuss, Maja (2002) Constructivism in International Relations: Politics of Reality, Cambridge, University of Cambridge Press, p. 3 Rationalist theories such as neorealism and neoliberalism also have exogeneously given preferences such as can be seen in Kenneth Waltz's Theory of International Politics, where anarchy is a structural constraint on state behaviour.
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From once believing that the mind and body interact, to thinking the mind is completely separate from the body, rationalist and empirical views were deeply rooted in the understanding of this phenomenon. Field Theory emerged when Lewin considered a person's behavior to consist of many different interactions. He believed people to have dynamic thoughts, forces, and emotions that shifted their behavior to reflect their present state.
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Their fortunes reflected that of the second wave of the North American feminist movement itself; for example, in the early 1970s, six major biographies of Wollstonecraft were published that presented her "passionate life in apposition to [her] radical and rationalist agenda".Kaplan, "Wollstonecraft's reception", 254; Sapiro, 278–79. The feminist artwork The Dinner Party, first exhibited in 1979, features a place setting for Wollstonecraft.
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Reid isolated the concept of self-sufficiency, at the spiritual level, as the factor connecting religious enthusiasts and rationalist infidels. In this way he linked Samuel How, an antinomian writer in 1640, with Paine. How's work, The Sufficiency of the Spirit, had been in print since 1792. He linked also Swedenborg's theology with Muggletonian belief in the antinomian conception of Christ retaining human form in heaven.
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Kelly, 10-11. This new vision of society rested on the writings of Scottish Enlightenment philosophers such as Adam Smith, who had developed a theory of social progress founded on sympathy and sensibility. A partial critique of the rationalist Enlightenment, these theories promoted a combination of reason and feeling that enabled women to enter the public sphere because of their keen moral sense.Kelly, 13.
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His message was that rationality requires using "both the [instrumental] 'dueness' of processes and the [value-rational] 'goodness of narrowly defined 'outcomes.'" Sen showed the paradox of believing in fact-free ends and value- free means. Economists have developed a model of "rational action" that creates "rational fools” of both social scientists and the people they study. Sen called the scientist an "instrumental rationalist.
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Becker published his major work, Mathematical Existence in the Yearbook in 1927, the same year Martin Heidegger's Being and Time appeared there. Becker attended Heidegger's seminars at this period. Becker utilized not only Husserlian phenomenology but, much more controversially, Heideggerian hermeneutics, discussing arithmetical counting as "being toward death". His work was criticized both by neo-Kantians and by more mainstream, rationalist logicians, to whom Becker feistily replied.
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Descartes was also a rationalist and believed in the power of innate ideas. Descartes argued the theory of innate knowledge and that all humans were born with knowledge through the higher power of God. It was this theory of innate knowledge that later led philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) to combat the theory of empiricism, which held that all knowledge is acquired through experience.
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The group made no decision on the issue. David Joris remained on the "mystic" edge of Anabaptism, leading by citing dreams, visions and prophecies.David Joris and Dutch Anabaptism, 1524–1543 Against this is his rationalist approach to the topic of the devil and supernatural evil. David Joris anticipated the views of Thomas Hobbes, John Epps and John Thomas in interpreting the devil as an allegory.
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In 1931, The Ring was denounced by the National Socialists . Gutkind was one of many architects who engaged in the debates of the time: Bruno Taut, a brilliant architect of the same time (the utopian expressionist) versus Gutkind (the rationalist architect). He was accused by Taut of not being interested in the individual house as a construction of architecture and did not obey a strictly Bauhaus line.
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Francisco Salamone and Viktor Sulĉiĉ left an Art Deco legacy, and Alejandro Bustillo created a prolific body of Rationalist architecture. Clorindo Testa introduced Brutalist architecture locally, César Pelli's and Patricio Pouchulu's Futurist creations have graced cities, worldwide. Pelli's 1980s throwbacks to the Art Deco glory of the 1920s, in particular, made him one of the world's most prestigious architects. Argentina cities have varied architecture.
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Since the 1990s, humanist groups have taken on looser, more figurative versions of the Happy Human logo, such as the logos used by Humanisterna (Sweden), Humanistischer Verband Deutschlands (Germany), Union of Rationalist Atheists and Agnostics (Italy), and the European Humanist Federation. In 2017, the British Humanist Association, which originated the Happy Human, debuted a new, single line-drawing style Happy Human when it renamed as Humanists UK.
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He has been called "Iran's foremost free- market economist and ... one of the country's most important reformers." “Letter from Tehran, The Rationalist,” Laura Secor, The New Yorker, February 2, 2009, p. 31 Mohammad Tabibian, was a faculty member at the College of Industrial Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology from 1981-1988. Spent a year at the Department of Economics, Stanford University as a visiting scholar.
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RmT Sambandham or Irama. Thirugnanasambandham, was an editor of Dinamani, a Tamil daily newspaper published in India. He was born in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu and died on 14 August 2007 at his residence in Chennai. He sympathised with the rationalist movement of E. V. R. Periyar and espoused causes of social justice, Tamil rights, socio economic equality through Dinamani, in his capacity as editor.
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Neo-Confucianism (, often shortened to lixue 理學) is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties under the formulations of Zhu Xi. Neo- Confucianism could have been an attempt to create a more rationalist and secular form of Confucianism by rejecting superstitious and mystical elements of Taoism and Buddhism that had influenced Confucianism during and after the Han Dynasty. Although the neo-Confucianists were critical of Taoism and Buddhism, the two did have an influence on the philosophy, and the neo- Confucianists borrowed terms and concepts. However, unlike the Buddhists and Taoists, who saw metaphysics as a catalyst for spiritual development, religious enlightenment, and immortality, the neo-Confucianists used metaphysics as a guide for developing a rationalist ethical philosophy..
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The design follows the principles of rationalist architecture, known as New Indies Style to oppose with the older Indies Style The edifice was the first to use reinforced concrete in Indonesia. The main facade has three entrance doors between two similarly designed windows. The upper floor of the main facade contains five balconies with balustrades which unify the three doors and two windows below. The building has two towers.
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Skepticism can also be classified according to its method. Western philosophy has two basic approaches to skepticism. Cartesian skepticism—named somewhat misleadingly after René Descartes, who was not a skeptic but used some traditional skeptical arguments in his Meditations to help establish his rationalist approach to knowledge—attempts to show that any proposed knowledge claim can be doubted. Agrippan skepticism focuses on justification rather than the possibility of doubt.
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Disciples of Nithyananda claim that he gave initiations through 'third eye' to a class of 82 blind children, thus curing them of blindness. Rationalist professor and activist Narendra Nayak had challenged Nithyananda to prove his initiation of third eye and subsequent benefits thereof. Nithyananda has also claimed he and his followers were able to perform paranormal phenomena like extrasensory perception, materialisation, body scanning, remote viewing, and ability to find lost objects.
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Routledge, 1995. p. 47. Walter Laqueur argues that: :The corollaries of the cult of war and physical danger were the cult of brutality, strength, and sexuality....[fascism is] a true counter-civilization: rejecting the sophisticated rationalist humanism of Old Europe, fascism sets up as its ideal the primitive instincts and primal emotions of the barbarian. Italian Fascism pursued what it called "moral hygiene" of youth, particularly regarding sexuality.Maria Sop Quine.
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Charles Albert Watts (27 May 1858 - 15 May 1946) was an English secularist editor and publisher. He founded the journal Watts's Literary Guide, which later became the New Humanist magazine, and the Rationalist Press Association. His father Charles Watts was also a prominent secularist writer. Father and son are sometimes confused with each other, and Charles Albert Watts is sometimes referred to as C. A. Watts or Charles Watts Jr.
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A nineteenth-century alt= A layman, Luther scholar Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788), became famous for countering Rationalism and striving to advance a revival known as the Erweckung, or Awakening.Gritsch, Eric W. A History of Lutheranism. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. p. 180. In 1806, Napoleon's invasion of Germany promoted Rationalism and angered German Lutherans, stirring up a desire among the people to preserve Luther's theology from the Rationalist threat.
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His fellow, but younger Miletians, Anaximander and Anaximenes, also posited monistic underlying principles, namely apeiron (the indefinite or boundless) and air respectively. Another school was the Eleatics, in southern Italy. The group was founded in the early fifth century BCE by Parmenides, and included Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos. Methodologically, the Eleatics were broadly rationalist, and took logical standards of clarity and necessity to be the criteria of truth.
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Since the early 1960s Nell had been critical of the neoclassical research program and had attempted to draw out the unstated assumptions of neoclassical economics and submit them to methodological scrutiny. His 1966 doctoral thesis was on 'Models of Behavior'. Hollis and Nell (1975) is an extension of that doctoral thesis. In Hollis and Nell (1975), they outline an alternative vision to neo-Classicism based on a rationalist theory of knowledge.
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A follower of Maiorescu's aesthetic principles who was shaped by the impressionist, rationalist, historicist school of French criticism, he preferred literary classicism, shying away from romanticism and naturalism. When it came to symbolism, he valued only its vagueness. He believed that the human soul demands of art both vagueness (music) and clarity (literature). He noted literature's focus on the individual while the artist sees the general, creating rather than copying reality.
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Edamaruku (left) and Sharma during the live broadcast of the challenge The Great Tantra Challenge was the challenge put forward to Surinder Sharma, a tantrik, by Sanal Edamaruku, the president of Rationalist International to kill him on live TV using only the magical powers he claims to possess. The challenge ended after several hours, with Edamaruku surviving unharmed. The event was broadcast live on India TV in March 2008.
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When the administration of Governor Fresco ended in 1940, Salamone moved with his family to Buenos Aires City. In 1943 he had to go into exile in Uruguay after being accused of corruption in a paving work in San Miguel de Tucumán. After the charges were withdrawn, he returned to Argentina where he directed multiple urban paving works and only projected 2 buildings of rationalist style and a private house.
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Luis Lacasa Navarro (1899 – 30 March 1966) was a Spanish architect. His work in Spain and Paris before and during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) was rationalist and functional. He is best known as co-designer of the Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 Paris Exposition, a work designed to showcase the modern legitimacy of the embattled Spanish Republic. After the war he went into exile in the Soviet Union.
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Spinoza's epistemology is deeply rationalist. That is, unlike the empiricists who rejected knowledge of things as they are in themselves (in favour of knowledge merely of what appears to the senses), to think we can have a priori knowledge, knowledge of a world external from our sense perceptions, and, further, that this is tantamount to knowledge of God. The majority of Spinoza's epistemological claims come in Part Two of The Ethics.
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Richardson was unsuccessful in his bid for the Senate as the party polled just over 10,000 votes or 1.7 percent of the state total. The party went on to contest the 1980 state election, but with a significantly lower degree of success. The party is believed to have disbanded after this time, but it was credited by academic Marian Sawer for attracting publicity for neoliberal, economic rationalist ideals.
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Into this complicated religious scene, rationalist philosophers from France and England had an enormous impact, along with the German rationalists Christian Wolff, Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant. Instead of faith in God and trust in the promises of the Bible and Christian doctrine, people were taught to trust their own reason and senses. At the most, rationalism left behind a belief in a vague supernaturalism. Morality and church-going plummeted together.
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Napoleon's invasion of Germany promoted rationalism and angered German Lutherans, stirring up a desire among the people to preserve Luther's theology from the rationalist threat. This Erweckung, or Awakening, argued that reason was insufficient and pointed out the importance of emotional religious experience. Small groups sprang up, often in universities, which devoted themselves to Bible study, reading devotional writings, and revival meetings.Suelflow, Roy A. Walking With Wise Men.
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John Macmurray (16 February 1891 – 21 June 1976) was a Scottish philosopher. His thought both moved beyond and was critical of the modern tradition, whether rationalist or empiricist. His thought may be classified as personalist, as his writings focused primarily on the nature of human beings. He viewed persons in terms of their relationality and agency, rather than the modern tendency to characterize them in terms of individualism and cognition.
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Her fiction also frequently challenges accepted depictions of race and gender. The original 1969 edition of The Left Hand of Darkness did not contain an introduction. After reflecting on her work, Le Guin wrote in the 1976 edition that the genre of science fiction was not as "rationalist and simplistic" as simple extrapolation. Instead, she called it a "thought experiment" which presupposes some changes to the world, and probes their consequences.
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He then travelled through England, France and Italy, studying extensively in Padua, where it is assumed he studied with the "rationalist Aristotelian" Cesare Cremonini (1550–1631). In Basel he graduated in medicine and in 1602 settled in Nuremberg to practice. In 1605 he succeed Philipp Scherbe and in 1607/1608 was made rector of the Altdorfer Akademie. He failed to save his colleague Nicolaus Taurellus from the plague.
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He was also an atheist and a staunch rationalist who disapproved of orthodox Hindu belief, dismissing cow worship as superstitious. Being Hindu, for him, was a cultural and political identity. Meghnad Saha (1893 – 1956) was an atheist astrophysicist best known for his development of the Saha equation, used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964), India's first Prime Minister was a self-described scientific humanist.
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Since the offence is not bailable, Edamaruku stayed in Finland. On Friday 7 July 2013, the first "Hug an Atheist Day" was organised in India by Nirmukta. The event aimed to spread awareness and reduce the stigma associated with being an atheist. On 20 August 2013, Narendra Dabholkar, a rationalist and anti-superstition campaigner, was shot dead by two unknown assailants, while he was out on a morning walk.
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He conducted and headed a number of study camps to educate the cadre on rationalist and humanist lines. He has written extensively in Telugu on science, religion, rationalism, Marxism, materialism, atheism and other subjects.He wrote over 80 books, edited them into 23 Volumes, translated 6 of them into English and published them by Hetuvada Manavavada Publications, Chirala. Some of his books have been translated into Hindi, Punjabi, Gujarati, Malayalam and English.
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Even at the advanced age of 99 he is busy writing, proof reading, editing, publishing Hetuvadi and Rationalist Humanist Literature published by the organizations of which he is a part. He is going to celebrate his 100 th Birthday at Radical Humanist Centre, Inkollu on 9th February 2021. Some of his works have been translated to several Indian languages. Some of his works have been translated to several Indian languages.
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In 1977, he obtained a master's degree in Political Science from the University of Kerala. In 1980, he received his MPhil degree from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi at the School of International Studies. While writing his thesis towards his doctorate, he began working for the Afro-Asian Rural Reconstruction Organization. He gave up his job in 1982 to focus more on the Indian Rationalist Association and publishing his own works.
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The Palazzo Gualino was built for the financier and art patron Riccardo Gualino, who saw the rationalist work of the architect Giuseppe Pagano (1896–1945) in an exhibition in 1928. He commissioned Pagano to build his company's headquarters in Turin on Corso Vittorio Emanuele. The office building for the Gualino enterprises was built on land formerly occupied by the Villa Gallenga. Part of the earlier building remains as a service structure.
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Here there is a stability of the natural order which nevertheless allows for the interference of God in the regulation of human events, or even in disturbing the natural order on occasion. The second, rationalist view does not deny the occurrence of miracles, but attempts to limit it, and will rationalize the numerous miraculous events related in the Bible and bring them within the sphere of the natural order.
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It publishes books and magazines, organises seminars and lectures and its representatives regularly appear in television and print media exposing superstitions. The Indian Rationalist Association was founded in 1949"13-19 May; Fear Itself" The New York Times, 2001-05-20. Retrieved 15 August 2009 at Chennai (then Madras). The founding president was R.P. Paranjpye (later High Commissioner of India in Australia and vice-chancellor of Bombay University).
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The rationalist becomes enamoured with the natural world, taking delight in its many mysteries and revelations. In a sense, the old worship of musty religion is replaced by a new and vital worship of nature in all its intricacy. With this worship comes the realisation that all is interconnected, and the section ends with Waldo beginning to live again, at ease with his new world and his place in it.
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Hasdai Crescas, of Barcelona, was a leading rationalist on issues of natural law and free-will. His views can be seen as precursors to Baruch Spinoza. His work, Or Adonai, became a classic refutation of medieval Aristotelianism, and harbinger of the scientific revolution in the 16th century. Hasdai Crescas was a student of Nissim ben Reuben Gerondi, who in turn was a student of Reuben ben Nissim Gerondi.
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In 1919 he became vice-president of Maynooth College, and in 1922 he moved to Australia after he was consecrated Coadjutor Archbishop of Sydney. In 1928 he was involved in the International Eucharistic Congress in Sydney. His textbook Apologetics and Catholic Doctrine, defending the faith in a very rationalist style, was widely used in Catholic schools. It is remembered positively in the autobiographies of B. A. Santamaria and Thomas Keneally.
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Asimov wrote "The Relativity of Wrong" in response to an "English Literature major" who criticized him for believing in scientific progress. This unnamed individual is portrayed by Asimov as having taken the postmodern viewpoint that all scientific explanations of the world are equally in error. Irritated, the rationalist Asimov put forth his views in his monthly F&SF; column, and the result became the title essay of this collection.
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Before 1895 Brunetière was widely known as a rationalist, freethinking scholar. That year, however, he published an article, "Après une visite au Vatican," in which he argued that science was incapable of providing a convincing social morality and that faith alone could achieve that result.Jennifer Michael Hecht. The End of the Soul: Scientific Modernity, Atheism and Anthropology in France, New York: Columbia University Press, 2003, pp. 172-176\.
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Public interest litigations were filed in the Bombay High Court seeking a ban on the organisation, stating that it uses Ericksonian hypnosis to lure people into joining it and to carry out acts of violence. Such claims are rejected by Hamid Dabholkar, son of slain rationalist Narendra Dabholkar, saying that hypnotism could not provoke a person to cause violence and instead pointing at radicalization as the means of influence.
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Throughout the 1980s, Al Seckel was active in the Freethought movement. In this capacity he authored a number of articles and pamphlets. He also edited two books on the English rationalist philosopher Bertrand Russell. In 1983, Seckel and John Edwards co- created the Darwin fish design, which was first sold as a bumper sticker and on T-shirts in 1983–84 by a southern California group called Atheists United.
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He was also the Chairman of Indo-Japan Study Committee from 1992–95 and became President of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations in 1993. He has represented India at UNESCO, the World Peace Congress and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. In 2005 he released his auto-biography Memoirs of a Rationalist on his 81st birthday.Rationalist take on politics: Vasant Sathe turns 81 with a book release Indian Express, 6 March 2005.
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C. H. Beck, München 1983, What all three of these novels share is their focus on the identity of the individual and on the relationship between the sexes. In this respect Homo Faber and Stiller offer complementary situations. If Stiller had rejected the stipulations set out by others, he would have arrived at the position of Walter Faber, the ultra-rationalist protagonist of Homo Faber.Klaus Müller-Salget: Max Frisch. Literaturwissen.
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Collins represented the City of Christchurch electorate in the House of Representatives from 1893 to 1896 and again between 1899 and 1902. He also stood in the 1896 election, but was narrowly defeated. He was a rationalist (free-thought) lecturer and was involved with the English Secularists and obtained a diploma from the National Secular Society. The Canterbury Freethought Association was established in Christchurch in 1881 and ran until 1917.
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Dada Life is named after the Dada art movement in 20th century Europe. The avant-garde art movement formed from an artistic anarchy, fighting against the cultural, political, and social values of the time. In the same way, Dada Life and rave culture as a whole is a protest to return to the experience of the body and away from the capitalistic and rationalist dogma of today's society.
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Wollstonecraft, Thoughts on the Education of > Daughters (1787), 78. Although she drifted away from these beliefs and later adopted a more permissive theology, Thoughts is "steeped in orthodox attitudes, advocating 'fixed principles of religion' and warning of the dangers of rationalist speculation and deism".Taylor, 95. Wollstonecraft even agrees with Rousseau that women should be taught religious dogma rather than theology; clear rules, she maintains, will restrain their passions.
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Gibbon's work advocates a rationalist and progressive view of history. Gibbon's citations provide in- depth detail regarding his use of sources for his work, which included documents dating back to ancient Rome. The detail within his asides and his care in noting the importance of each document is a precursor to modern-day historical footnoting methodology. The work is notable for its erratic but exhaustively documented notes and research.
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Underfinanced and wracked with discord, the Franklin Community failed about five months after the launch of the venture. Former secretary of the Franklin Community George Houston would found a new rationalist journal in January 1827, called The Correspondent. Houston would be joined in his editorial task by Abner Kneeland, whose subsequent trial for blasphemy would prove to be one of the landmark political events of the decade of the 1830s.
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According to the sanction theory, an obligation corresponds to the social pressures one feels, and is not simply derived from a singlular relationship with another person or project. In the rationalist argument this same pressure adds to the reasons people have, thereby strengthening their desire to fulfill the obligation. The sanction theory states that there needs to be a sanction in order for a duty to be a moral duty.
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Ananta Bijoy Das, an atheist blogger who was on an extremist hit-list for his writing, was hacked to death by four masked men in Sylhet on 12 May 2015. Ananta wrote blogs for Mukto-Mona. He had authored three books on science, evolution, and revolution in the Soviet Union, and headed the Sylhet-based science and rationalist council. He was also an editor of a quarterly magazine called Jukti (Logic).
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Governor Dardo Rocha (1838–1921), founder of La Plata. Rocha decided to erect a new city to host the provincial government institutions and a university which had already been planned. Urban planner Pedro Benoit designed a city layout based on a rationalist conception of urban centers. The city has the shape of a square with a central park and two main diagonal avenues, north to south and east to west.
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One of Stevens' themes is the contrast between an imaginative, poetic disclosure of reality as opposed to rationalist abstraction. See for example "On the Manner of Addressing Clouds". Stevens defends the sensuous ground he favors against the philosophers' Plato in "Homunculus et la Belle Etoile", contrasting and recommending instead "the ultimate Plato". Despite Stevens' commitment to this theme, interpreters have not been prevented from exploring the philosophical implications of his poetry.
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Mackenzie embraced the version of rationalist liberalism that existed at the time. He advocated for the Reform cause and was an outspoken critic of the Family Compact and their supposed corruption. The officials he identified as corrupt or opposed to reform changed between issues. Although the Lieutenant Governor was initially exempt from scrutiny, Mackenzie included him in later publications and criticised his wealth and multiple homes within Upper Canada.
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Giuseppe Pagano Giuseppe Pagano (20 August 1896 – 22 April 1945) was an Italian architect, notable for his involvement in the movement of rationalist architecture in Italy up to the end of the Second World War. He designed exhibitions, furniture and interiors and was an amateur photographer.Daria De Seta (ed.), Giuseppe Pagano. Vocabulario de imagenes – Image Alphabet, Valencia: Lampreave & Millán, 2008 He was also a long-time editor of the magazine Casabella.
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The Grotian conception of international society became the most distinctive characteristic of the internationalist (or rationalist) tradition in international relations. This is why it is also called the Grotian tradition. According to it international politics takes place within international society in which states are bound not only by rules of prudence or expediency but also of morality and law. Grotius was arguably not the first to formulate such a doctrine.
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However, critics and many of the public were hostile to the libellules in particular, and criticized the green as "German" and the lettering as "un-French" and, according to critic André Hallays in Le Temps, "confus[ing to] little children who are trying to learn their letters and ... stupefy[ing to] foreigners".Gillian Naylor, "Hector Guimard—Romantic Rationalist?", Hector Guimard, Architectural Monographs 2, New York: Rizzoli, 1978, , p. 19, note 30.
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There was much debate regarding symbols that might affect the Church, so an exception was introduced for religious reasons, and an exception made for monuments with particular artistic value. There are some emblematic symbols such as the yoke and arrows on the Casa Sindical (a brick tower facing the Museo del Prado) and the Central Headquarters of the Movimiento, the Alcalá de Madrid which was built in a rationalist style.
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A number of private schools have operated in Wem over the centuries. William Hazlitt's father ran a 'model crammer for the dissenting rationalist' in the town, the 'Mrs Swanswick's School' ran from the late 1700s to the 1840s and one of its headmasters, Joseph Pattison, took a leading role in founding British Schools to educate children from less advantaged families. A further six private schools operated out of Wem over time.
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The original project, curated by Gaspare Lenzi, Luigi Lenzi and Dagoberto Ortensi, was inspired by Castel del Monte but planned to develop the building of a plant instead of pentagonal and octagonal erecting five towers at the corners of the rationalist building. The intention would be to occupy the institute of eugenics, of involvement of some scholars involved in the project and the signatories of the manifesto of the race.
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Godwin, a philosophical anarchist, from a rationalist and utilitarian basis opposed revolutionary action and saw a minimal state as a present "necessary evil" that would become increasingly irrelevant and powerless by the gradual spread of knowledge. Godwin advocated individualism, proposing that all cooperation in labour be eliminated on the premise that this would be most conducive with the general good.Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 December 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
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Rabbi Natan Slifkin has described two different approaches which Jewish thinkers have historically taken to this commandment. According to the "rationalist" approach, the purpose of the commandment is compassion: either to spare the mother bird the distress of seeing its eggs taken, or to limit the greed inherent in killing animals for one's use, or a similar reason. Whereas the "mystical" approach sees the commandment as act of cruelty to the bird rather than compassion: in fact, the bird's suffering causes God to consider Israel's suffering at the hands of its enemies, and thus leads God to rescue Israel.Shiluach haKein: The Transformation of a Mitzvah This dispute has practical ramifications, as the "rationalist" approach rules the commandment can only be done when one plans to eat the eggs (thus minimizing the birds' pain when pain is unavoidable), while the "mystical" approach calls on Jews to shoo away any mother bird even if they do not plan to take the eggs (thus maximizing the birds' pain).
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Although behaviorism was popular in the United States, Europe was not particularly influenced by it, and research on cognition could easily be found in Europe during this time. Noam Chomsky has framed the cognitive and behaviorist positions as rationalist and empiricist, respectively, which are philosophical positions that arose long before behaviorism became popular and the cognitive revolution occurred. Empiricists believe that human acquire knowledge only through sensory input, while rationalists believe that there is something beyond sensory experience that contributes to human knowledge. However, whether Chomsky's position on language fits into the traditional rationalist approach has been questioned by philosopher John Cottingham. George Miller, one of the scientists involved in the cognitive revolution, sets the date of its beginning as September 11, 1956, when several researchers from fields like experimental psychology, computer science, and theoretical linguistics presented their work on cognitive science-related topics at a meeting of the ‘Special Interest Group in Information Theory’ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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Influenced by the rationalist school of thought and generally showing a preference for a natural (as opposed to miraculous) redemption for the Jewish people, Maimonides proposed a rationalist solution for achieving the goal of re-establishing the highest court in Jewish tradition and reinvesting it with the same authority it had in former years. There have been several attempts to implement Maimonides' recommendations, the latest being in modern times. There have been rabbinical attempts to renew Semicha and re-establish a Sanhedrin by Rabbi Jacob Berab in 1538, Rabbi Yisroel Shklover in 1830, Rabbi Aharon Mendel haCohen in 1901, Rabbi Zvi Kovsker in 1940 and Rabbi Yehuda Leib Maimon in 1949. In October 2004 (Tishrei 5765), a group of rabbis representing varied Orthodox communities in Israel undertook a ceremony in Tiberias, where the original Sanhedrin was disbanded, in which it claimed to re-establish the body according to the proposal of Maimonides and the Jewish legal rulings of Rabbi Yosef Karo.
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Roy Perrett, Indian Ethics: Classical traditions and contemporary challenges, Volume 1 (Editor: P Bilimoria et al), Ashgate, , pages 149-158 It forms the theoretical foundation of Yoga. Samkhya is an enumerationist philosophy whose epistemology accepts three of six pramanas ('proofs') as the only reliable means of gaining knowledge. These include pratyakṣa ('perception'), anumāṇa ('inference') and śabda (āptavacana, meaning, 'word/testimony of reliable sources').John A. Grimes, A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English, State University of New York Press, , page 238 Sometimes described as one of the rationalist schools of Indian philosophy, this ancient school's reliance on reason was exclusive but strong.Mike Burley (2012), Classical Samkhya and Yoga - An Indian Metaphysics of Experience, Routledge, , pages 43-46David Kalupahana (1995), Ethics in Early Buddhism, University of Hawaii Press, , page 8, Quote: The rational argument is identified with the method of Samkhya, a rationalist school, upholding the view that "nothing comes out of nothing" or that "being cannot be non-being".
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A great deal of the English School of thought concerns itself with the examination of traditional international theory, casting it — as Martin Wight did in his 1950s-era lectures at the London School of Economics — into three divisions (called by Barry Buzan as the English School's triad, based on Wight's three traditions): # Realist (or Hobbesian, after Thomas Hobbes) and thus the concept of international system # Rationalist (or Grotian, after Hugo Grotius), representing the international society # Revolutionist (or Kantian, after Immanuel Kant) representing world society. In broad terms, the English School itself has supported the rationalist or Grotian tradition, seeking a middle way (or via media) between the 'power politics' of realism and the 'utopianism' of revolutionism. Later Wight changed his triad into a four-part division by adding Mazzini. The English School is largely a constructivist theory, emphasizing the non-deterministic nature of anarchy in international affairs that also draws on functionalism and realism.
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Closing with the year 1305, it emphasises the part played by the Catholic Church in the development of the German Empire, and extols the policy of the popes. Shortly afterwards he was appointed professor of history at the Catholic University of Freiburg (Breisgau) -- an appointment which at first sight appears surprising, inasmuch as he was a rationalist, the results of those investigations were not at all times in harmony with Christian doctrine.
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As a rationalist and ardent social reformer, Periyar advocated forcefully throughout his life that women should be given their legitimate position in society as the equals of men and that they should be given good education and have the right to property. He thought age and social customs was not a bar in marrying women. He was keen that women should realise their rights and be worthy citizens of their country.Gopalakrishnan, p. 70.
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Out of this environment, Perpessicius emerged with a personal style, characterized by literary historian Paul Cernat as both "eclectic" and "impressionist".Cernat, p.293, 314-315, 329-330 Cernat also notes that Perpessicius parts with the Junimist tradition of combative, and ideally "masculine" criticism, establishing an ideological alternative: "The utopia of 'Perpessician' criticism is an aesthetic ecumenism purged of sociological, ethical and ethnic intrusions, and likewise of dogmatic, rationalist-positivist, prejudice."Cernat, p.
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Dyson favored the dual origin theory: that life first formed as cells, then enzymes, and finally, much later, genes. This was first propounded by the Russian Alexander Oparin.Oparin, A. I. The Origin of Life, Moscow Worker publisher, 1924 (Russian) J. B. S. Haldane developed the same theory independently.The Origin of Life, J.B.S. Haldane, The Rationalist Annual, 1929 In Dyson's version of the theory life evolved in two stages, widely separated in time.
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Because the light signals were tripped during his performance, Valiantine did not collect the award. Since then, many individuals and groups have offered similar monetary awards for proof of the paranormal in an observed setting. Indian rationalist Abraham Kovoor's challenge in 1963 inspired American skeptic James Randi's prize in 1964, which became the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge. In 2003, these prizes were calculated to have a combined value of US$2,326,500.
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Rationalism is often contrasted with empiricism. Taken very broadly, these views are not mutually exclusive, since a philosopher can be both rationalist and empiricist. Taken to extremes, the empiricist view holds that all ideas come to us a posteriori, that is to say, through experience; either through the external senses or through such inner sensations as pain and gratification. The empiricist essentially believes that knowledge is based on or derived directly from experience.
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In Kabbalistic thought, the term "Godhead" usually refers to the concept of Ein Sof (אין סוף), which is the aspect of God that lies beyond the emanations (sephirot). The "knowability" of the Godhead in Kabbalistic thought is no better than what is conceived by rationalist thinkers. As Jacobs (1973) puts it, "Of God as God is in Godself—Ein Sof—nothing can be said at all, and no thought can reach there".
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Silverdocs Documentary Film Festival American University School of Communication 16 June 2004. Notable films include Bombay: Our City (Hamara Shahar) (1985), In Memory of Friends (1990), In the Name of God (Ram ke Nam) (1992), Father, Son, and Holy War (1995), A Narmada Diary (1995), War and Peace (2002) and Jai Bhim Comrade (2011), which have won national and international awards. A secular rationalist, Anand Patwardhan is a vocal critic of Hindutva ideology.
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The Essay is written in the form of a letter to a female friend. It purports to be inspired by a conversation between several gentlemen and ladies. Drake first constructed the rationalist framework used at that time to explain women's intellectual inferiority, especially using John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. She then proceeded to show that this rationale was outdated, and in this modern time, women would benefit from a greater knowledge.
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Maffettone is author of 16 volumes, many of which have deeply influenced European scientific community. Two of his books, Il valore della vita (1998), and Etica pubblica (2001) bridge the gap between applied ethics and political theory, which represents a recurrent theme of Maffettone's philosophical project. Il valore della vita presents a rationalist and liberal Lebenphilosophie. Its basic underpinnings come from bioethics, but go beyond this and propose a non-religious, comprehensive theory of life.
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In the early modern period (17th and 18th centuries), the system-building scope of philosophy is often linked to the rationalist method of philosophy, that is the technique of deducing the nature of the world by pure a priori reason. Examples from the early modern period include the Leibniz's Monadology, Descartes's Dualism, Spinoza's Monism. Hegel's Absolute idealism and Whitehead's Process philosophy were later systems. Other philosophers do not believe its techniques can aim so high.
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A rationalist of his time, he was a critic of verifiable myths, such as spontaneous generation. His most famous experiments are described in his magnum opus Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degl'Insetti (Experiments on the Generation of Insects), published in 1668. He disproved that vipers drink wine and could break glasses, and that their venom was poisonous when ingested. He correctly observed that snake venoms were produced from the fangs, not the gallbladder, as was believed.
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Bodo Abel studied 1968 -1973 at the University of Mannheim Business Administration. In this time he met the professor in Marketing Hans Raffée and the Critical Rationalist Hans Albert, who had the chair of 'Social Sciences and General Studies of Methods' at the University of Mannheim. Hans Albert led Bodo Abel’s interests on the general studies of method and the Critical Rationalism. In his doctoral dissertation Bodo Abel wrote about “Foundations of Explaining Human Behavior”.
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In 1892, he left Sheffield to go back to Argentina via Liverpool, London, and Spain. There he founded the newspaper El Oprimido, forerunner of , which exists to this day. He was involved in the founding of the Argentine Regional Workers' Federation, an anarchist trade union. He also contributed to the Ferrer free school movement inspired by the ideas of the Spanish anarchist pedagogue Francisco Ferrer, and director of the Rationalist School in Luján, Buenos Aires.
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Around this time, the Indian rationalist, Abraham Kovoor (1898–1978) joined the faculty as a biology teacher. He retired in 1959 and asked that, following his death, his remains be donated to the school to provide a skeleton for anatomical study. On 26 March 1953, at a ceremony attended by T. D. Jayasuriya, deputy minister for education, the Government Senior School was renamed Thurstan College after the founder of the first school.
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Profoundly influenced by Euclid, Descartes was a rationalist who invented the foundationalist system of philosophy. He used the method of doubt, now called Cartesian doubt, to systematically doubt everything he could possibly doubt, until he was left with what he saw as purely indubitable truths. Using these self-evident propositions as his axioms, or foundations, he went on to deduce his entire body of knowledge from them. The foundations are also called a priori truths.
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Manuel Sánchez Arcas and Lacasa won the 1927 competition by the Board for the Extension of Studies to build the Instituto Nacional de Física y Química (Institute of Physics and Chemistry) funded by the International Education Board of the Rockefeller Foundation. Known as the "Fundación Rockefeller building", it was designed in 1927 and built between 1928 and 1930. The brick structure was carefully thought out. It followed the new principles of rationalist functionalism.
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Sert's views prevailed in the structure, while Lacasa was responsible for the museography and content. Josep Renau, head of the Directorate General of Fine Arts, made key decisions about the content, as did the Ministries of Propaganda and Public Industry. The Spanish Pavilion had a rationalist architecture and used modern, functional materials. The temporary building was erected quickly on a small site in the Jardins du Trocadéro, with a very limited budget.
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Nicolas Malebranche, Oratory of Jesus (; ; 6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715), was a French OratorianNot to be confused with the Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri. priest and rationalist philosopher. In his works, he sought to synthesize the thought of St. Augustine and Descartes, in order to demonstrate the active role of God in every aspect of the world. Malebranche is best known for his doctrines of vision in God, occasionalism and ontologism.
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He also believed that a person who has perfected his thinking could interact with the laws of nature through the active intellect. Gersonides thus thought of himself as creating a rationalist and non-supernatural theology. In this sense, there is a similarity between Gersonides and Maimonides. Shlomo ibn Aderet - in a responsum commonly but mistakenly attributed to Nahmanides - wrote that while one may not ask an astrologer for a prediction, astrology itself is real.
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However, the hospital Jani attended was privately owned, and official documentation of the event has not been publicised. In other cases, people have attempted to survive on sunlight alone, only to abandon the effort after losing a large percentage of their body weight. In a handful of documented cases, individuals attempting breatharian fasting have died. Among the claims in support of inedia investigated by the Indian Rationalist Association, all were found to be fraudulent.
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They were conceived as replicas of the Dutch architecture. Later, designs included features from Javanese vernacular architecture, partly in response to the tropical climate. The result, a fusion of Western and Javanese architecture, became known later as the 'Indies Style' from the Dutch East Indies. The Indies Style is the first form of a fusion of Dutch and local architecture which gave rise to the subsequent style of early Dutch Rationalist architecture in Indonesia.
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In 1986 he founded the satirical magazine Tango. From 1987 to 1993, he also directed satirical TV shows for Rai 3, such as Teletango and Cielito Lindo; in this period he also directed two movies, Cavalli si nasce (1989) and Non chiamarmi Omar (1992). Staino is a member of the Union of Rationalist Atheists and Agnostics. In 2016 he published his autobiography Io sono Bobo (Della Porta) written with journalists Fabio Galati and Laura Montanari.
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The architects were Joseph Auberty and Anatole de Baudot, architect of the recently built Lycée Edmond Perrier in Tulle. Anatole de Baudot was a believer in the school of rationalist architecture launched by his teacher, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, whose influence he freely acknowledged. To avoid the risk of fire, De Baudot proposed an innovative structure using the Paul Cottancin's reinforced concrete construction method. This was the first theater to be built of reinforced cement.
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K.Veeramani came into limelight when as a boy of just 10 he was allowed address the gathering in the Justice Party Salem conference in 1944. He was introduced as activist by Annadurai. Periyar Life Apart from one year in which he practiced as a lawyer in Cuddalore, his career has been as a social worker. He began working with Periyar in 1956, and assisted Periyar in editing Viduthalai, the rationalist daily of Dravidar Kazhagam.
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The Immortality of Writers is an Ancient Egyptian wisdom text likely to have been used as an instructional work in schools. It is recorded on the verso side of the Chester Beatty IV papyrus (BM 10684) held in the British Museum. It is notable for its rationalist skeptical outlook, even more emphatic than in the Harper's Songs, regarding an afterlife. The scribe advises that writings of authors provide a more sure immortality than fine tombs.
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He was pastor at New Bedford, Massachusetts, for a short time, resigning on account of the failure of his health. After several years of study and travel he resumed his pastorate in the Unitarian church at Watertown in 1859, remaining there until 1870. On the issue of slavery, the Reverend John Weiss was an outspoken abolitionist. He was an advocate of woman's rights, a rationalist in religion, and a disciple of the transcendental philosophy.
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Finally, each may gain from war when the stakes are not infinitely divisible. (For example, control over a holy city.) War will occur when both states' expected utilities are positive. However, Fearon largely discredits issue indivisibility as a rationalist explanation for war, claiming that states can link other issues or make side payments to eliminate the inefficiency. Additionally, the vast majority political goods (territory, money, control of a government) are divisible with sufficient creativity.
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Upon knowing Chennabasappa's intentions, Baswa becomes agitated as he considers Chennabasappa's act to be something close to the rape of one's mother. In his view, the piece of land is like one's mother (sign of fertility) that Chennabasappa sold for money. Chennabasappa is a rationalist, who is more like an atheist and doesn't believe in anything that's beyond sensory perception. He is a hard-headed fellow who is bossy at both office and home.
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The American rationalist Brand Blanshard was strongly influenced by Bradley, Bosanquet, and Green (and other British philosophers). Even this limited influence, though, petered out through the latter half of the twentieth century. However, from the 1990s on, there has been a significant revival in interest in these ideas, as evidenced by, for instance, by the founding of the Michael Oakeshott Association, and renewed attention to the work of Collingwood, Green, and Bosanquet.
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Edamaruku demonstrating the trick to "create" holy ash in a village in Uttar Pradesh state in India. Edamaruku has been active in the Indian Rationalist Association (IRA) from the age of 15. Before becoming the president in 2005, he served as the General Secretary beginning in 1983, and has been the editor of its publication Modern Freethinker. His many books and articles deal mainly with rationalistic thoughts and against superstition in India.
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Kenyon is a sculptor who represents rationalist humanism. He cherishes a romantic affection towards Hilda. Donatello, the Count of Monte Beni, is often compared to Adam and is in love with Miriam. Donatello amazingly resembles the marble Faun of Praxiteles, and the novel plays with the characters’ belief that the Count may be a descendant of the antique Faun. Hawthorne, however, withholds a definite statement even in the novel’s concluding chapters and postscript.
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For the next forty five years until June 1974 M.C.Joseph brought out the magazine without any interruption. In July 1974, because of his failing health (he was 87 then), he handed over the magazine to Unni Kakkanad, who published it for yet another decade before it ceased publication1. The vibrant rationalist movement that is seen in Kerala today is undoubtedly the direct consequence of the ideas spread by Yukthivadi for more than half a century.
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Familialism has been atypically defined as a "social structure where ... a family's values are held in higher esteem than the values of the individual members of the family." Favoritism granted to relatives regardless of merit is called nepotism. The Russian-American rationalist and individualist philosopher, novelist and playwright Ayn Rand compared partiality towards consanguinity with racism, as a small-scale manifestation of the latter. Said in one of the lectures Ayn Rand delivered.
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The Percy W. Bridgman House is an historic house at 10 Buckingham Place in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It is a National Historic Landmark, notable for its associations with Dr. Percy Williams Bridgman, a physicist, Nobel Prize winner, and Harvard University professor. It is now part of the Buckingham Browne & Nichols (BBN) Lower School campus. The house is an architecturally undistinguished 2 story house built about 1920 in a Neo- Rationalist style.
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The worldwide protest became the Ferrer educational movement in his honor. The fact of his execution accelerated Ferrer's renown as the most famous libertarian educator, over Sébastian Faure and Paul Robin. His works were translated into multiple languages as a rationalist education movement spread worldwide. Modern Schools sprouted across Europe and the United States, including the long-lived colony at Stelton, New Jersey, but most did not last past the mid-1920s.
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Rhys-Davies is a self-described "rationalist" and "skeptic" when it comes to religion, although he holds Christianity in high regard, and has stated that "Christian civilization has made the world a better place than it ever was[.]" He has played roles in several Christian films, including Mordecai in One Night with the King, Saint Peter in The Apostle Peter: Redemption, Evangelist in The Pilgrim's Progress (2019), and Charles Kemp in Beyond the Mask.
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Other psychologists have questioned the assumption that moral action is primarily a result of formal reasoning. Social intuitionists such as Jonathan Haidt argue that individuals often make moral judgments without weighing concerns such as fairness, law, human rights or ethical values. Thus the arguments analyzed by Kohlberg and other rationalist psychologists could be considered post hoc rationalizations of intuitive decisions; moral reasoning may be less relevant to moral action than Kohlberg's theory suggests.
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He was one of the founders of Yukthivadi, the first ever rationalist/atheist magazine in Malayalam along with Ramavarma Thampan, C. Krishnan, C. V. Kunjiraman, and Sahodaran Ayyappan. The first issue of the Yukthivadi was brought out on August, 1929. Sahodaran Ayyappan was the first editor of the magazine. Two years later M. C. Joseph took over the editorship and successfully continued its publication without any interruption for the next 45 years.
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At Cambridge he encountered political debate generated by the suffering caused by the Great Depression and the rise of fascism in Europe. While he rejected his parents' faith in favour of rationalist science, he did not reject their values, especially that of compassion for others, and there was no estrangement between them. At Cambridge he embraced socialism, and believed that scientists had a moral responsibility to society, one that included fighting fascism.
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Kumbalathuparambu Ayyappan (August 21, 1889 – March 6, 1968), better identified as Sahodaran Ayyappan , was a social reformer, thinker, rationalist, journalist, and politician from Kerala, India. A vocal follower of Sree Narayana Guru, he was associated with a number of events related to the Kerala reformation movement and was the organizer of Misra Bojana in Cherai in 1917. He founded Sahodara Sangam, and the journal Sahodaran and was the founder editor of the magazine Yukthivadhi.
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They used a variety of writings by Confucius and his followers to coin a new "-ism"—"Confucianism"—which they presented as a "rationalist secular-ethical code", not as a religion. This secular understanding of Confucianism inspired both the Enlightenment in Europe in the 18th century, and Chinese intellectuals of the 20th century. Liang Shuming, a philosopher of the May Fourth Movement, wrote that Confucianism "functioned as a religion without actually being one".
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The same inflexibility of the grid leads to disregarding environmentally sensitive areas such as small streams and creeks or mature woodlots in preference for the application of the immutable geometry. It is said of the NY grid plan that it flattened all obstacles in its way. By contrast, recent discontinuous street patterns follow the configuration of natural features without disrupting them. The grid represents a rationalist, reductionist solution to a multifaceted issue.
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What is Language Development?: Rationalist, Empiricist, and Pragmatist Approaches to the Acquisition of Syntax. Oxford University Press. In modern times, this debate has largely surrounded Chomsky's support of a universal grammar, properties that all natural languages must have, through the controversial postulation of a language acquisition device (LAD), an instinctive mental 'organ' responsible for language learning which searches all possible language alternatives and chooses the parameters that best match the learner's environmental linguistic input.
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However, the terminology is not ultimately important, so long as one keeps in mind the relevant differences between these two views. Generally speaking, rationalist ethical intuitionism models the acquisition of such non- inferential moral knowledge on a priori, non-empirical knowledge, such as knowledge of mathematical truths; whereas moral sense theory models the acquisition of such non-inferential moral knowledge on empirical knowledge, such as knowledge of the colors of objects (see moral sense theory).
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The nine storey building was designed in 1935 by architects Enrico Del Debbio, Arnaldo Foschini and Vittorio Ballio Morpurgo. It was originally designated to be the headquarters of Italy's National Fascist Party. Construction was halted in 1943 and throughout World War II. The facade consists of travertine. Though this type of facade is commonly linked to the rationalist style of Giuseppe Terragni, it is, in this case, derived from contemporary fascist ideals.
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The Thinker's Library was a series of 140 small hardcover books published between 1929 and 1951 for the Rationalist Press Association by Watts & Co., London, a company founded by Charles Albert Watts. They consisted of a selection of essays, literature, and extracts from greater works by various classical and contemporary humanists and rationalists, continuing in the tradition of the Renaissance. Many of the titles were cheap reprints of classic books, aimed at a mass audience.
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The station was opened at the end of 1871 and renamed Ventimiglia International station in 1882, with the construction of a new passenger building, featuring a glass roof over the tracks. This roof was later superseded by the current building, designed by the architect Roberto Narducci (who also designed 40 other Italian stations), which reflects, like other public buildings in Ventimiglia (especially the town hall and the gym), the typical lines of Italian rationalist architecture.
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"Tomas Garrido, always proud of the success his atheist teachers had achieved and desirous of winning student support for his political ambitions, invited the First Congress of Socialist Students to meet in Tabasco.", " Tomas Garrido termed this education "Rationalist," which in reality was a forerunner of the socialist education amended into Article III of the Constitution in 1934."Gonzalez, Michael J. The Mexican Revolution, 1910-1940. University of New Mexico Press, 2002.
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The EUR was originally conceived for the 1942 world exhibition, and was called "E.42" ("Esposizione 42"). The most representative buildings of EUR are the Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana (1938–1943), and the Palazzo dei Congressi, examples of the Rationalist style. The world exhibition never took place, because Italy entered the Second World War in 1940, and the buildings were partly destroyed in 1943 in fighting between the Italian and German armies and later abandoned.
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Similarly, Tetsuro Yoshida's rationalist modern architecture included the Tōkyō Central Post Office (1931) and Ōsaka Central Post Office (1939). Main building of Tokyo National Museum, built in 1937 Running contrary to modernism in Japan was the so-called Imperial Crown style (teikan yōshiki). Buildings in this style were characterised by having a Japanese-style roof such as the Tōkyō Imperial Museum (1937) by Hitoshi Watanabe and Nagoya City Hall and the Aichi Prefectural Government Office.
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Panoramic view The mosque was designed by Guido Ferrazza, in a blend of the architectural styles of Rationalist, Classical, and Islamic. The minaret at its end, fluted and of Roman design, is visible from all parts of the city. It has two platforms and two balconies of the Italian rococo or late baroque style. Below the minaret, the mosque's fascia has a neoclassical loggia (exterior galleries), which is split in three parts.
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In other words, in this reflective philosophy, there is a rationalist conclusion which emphasizes a relation between self and truth which leads to the discussion of the nature of knowledge. According to this view, the knowledge is identical to its object, since the self-awareness of perception is divorced from the irrational soul.Therefore, the understanding arises through the identification of the intellect and its object. More specifically, perception deals only with material things.
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Babu Gogineni (born Rajaji Ramanadh in 1968) is an Indian Humanist, rationalist, and human rights activist, who served as Executive Director of the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU). Gogineni is the founder of South Asian Humanist Association and Indian Humanists. He is also the founder and owner of Skillguru, a training organization and private business. In his activism, Gogineni campaigns against established privilege and abuse of rights done in the name of religion.
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In 1766 Verlooy went to Leuven to study law at the University. In 1774 he settled in Brussels and a year later he took the oath as a solicitor to the Brabant Counsel. In 1781 he published the Codex Brabanticus, a judicial manual about the laws valid in the Duchy of Brabant. The study bears testimony to his democratic and rationalist state of mind, as well as to his attachment to Brabant.
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The American Rationalist is a bi-monthly journal of secular humanist opinion and commentary published by the Center for Inquiry. S. T. Joshi is the current editor and writes the "Stupidity Watch" column for the journal. Feature articles cover a wide range of topics from a freethought viewpoint including science and religion, separation of church and state, and applied philosophy. Regular contributors include well-known scholars in the fields of science and philosophy.
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Estadio Víctor Jara is an indoor multi-use sports complex located in the western part of Santiago, Chile, near the Estación Central and Alameda Avenue. It was designed in the rationalist style and was opened in 1949 as Estadio Chile (Chile Stadium). It has a total capacity for an audience of 6,500 people. Outside view of Víctor Jara Stadium In 2004 it was renamed as a memorial to folk singer Víctor Jara.
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The official Wang Lang (d. 228) acquired a copy of Wang's Lunheng and brought it with him on his trip in 198 to the Han court established at Xuchang by Prime Minister Cao Cao (155–220). As some of the questionable tenets of the philosophy of New Text Confucianism fell out of use and repute, Rafe de Crespigny states that the rationalist philosophy of Wang Chong became much more influential in Chinese thought.
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The sect underwent a schism in 2006, and two competing factions emerged, led by rival brothers Aaron Teitelbaum and Zalman Teitelbaum. The second-largest "court" worldwide, with some 11,600 households (or 9% of all Hasidism), is Ger, established in 1859 at Góra Kalwaria, near Warsaw. For decades, it was the dominant power in Agudas, and espoused a moderate line toward Zionism and modern culture. Its origins lay in the rationalist Przysucha School of Central Poland.
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When the Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment, appeared in Galicia and Congress Poland in the 1810s, it was soon perceived as a dire threat. The maskilim themselves detested Hasidism as an anti-rationalist and barbaric phenomenon, as did Western Jews of all shades, including the most right-wing Orthodox such as Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer.David Ellenson, Rabbi Esriel Hildesheimer and the Creation of a Modern Jewish Orthodoxy. University of Alabama Press, 1990. p. 44.
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In 1010, he returned to Syria after his mother began declining in health, and continued writing which gained him local respect. Described as a "pessimistic freethinker", al-Ma'arri was a controversial rationalist of his time, citing reason as the chief source of truth and divine revelation.Lloyd Ridgeon (2003), Major World Religions: From Their Origins To The Present, Routledge: London, page 257. He was pessimistic about life, describing himself as "a double prisoner" of blindness and isolation.
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In 1935 a Yukthivadi Sangham was registered at Cochin M. C. Joseph as secretary and Panampilly Govinda Menon as treasurer. M. C. Joseph managed Yukthivadi magazine without any interruption For forty five years until June 1974. The vibrant rationalist movement that is seen in Kerala today is undoubtedly the direct consequence of the ideas spread by Yukthivadi for more than half a century. The existing Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham (KYS) was formed at Kozikode in 1969 May Adv.
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Deleuze attacks good sense and common sense. Good sense treats the universe statistically and attempts to optimize it to produce the best outcome. Good sense may be rationalist, but it does not affirm fate or difference; it has an interest in reducing rather than amplifying the power of difference. It takes the economic view in which value is an average of expected values and present and future can be interchanged on the basis of a specific discount rate.
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On his previous TV series, Politically Incorrect, he used the word "libertarian" to describe his political leanings. Regarding religion, he considers himself a "rationalist", as someone "preaching the gospel of 'I don't know'".Religulous Maher identifies himself as politically unaffiliated and disagrees with the Republican party on many issues, and with the Democratic Party on many of their party platform's planks. He endorsed the candidacy of Ralph Nader of the Green Party in the US presidential campaign of 2000.
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Between 1936 and 1939, Mollino designs, in collaboration with Vittorio Baudi di Selve, the Società Ippica Torinese building in Turin, considered his masterpiece. However, this building was destroyed in 1960. This work breaks with the past and the regime, refusing the rationalist school and taking inspiration from Alvar Aalto and Erich Mendelsohn. Carlo Mollino loved the mountains and was a ski enthusiast; he wrote the book "Trattato sul Discesismo" where he explained his personal skiing technique with many illustrations.
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426 In 1688, the Finnish Radical Pietist Lars Ulstadius ran down the main aisle of Turku Cathedral naked while screaming that the disgrace of Finnish clergymen would be revealed, like his current disgrace. The last famous orthodox Lutheran theologian before the rationalist Aufklärung, or Enlightenment, was David Hollatz. Late orthodox theologian Valentin Ernst Löscher took part in the controversy against Pietism. Medieval mystical traditions continued in the works of Martin Moller, Johann Arndt, and Joachim Lütkemann.
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In 1760 his colleagues elected Goeze senior of Hamburg. Goeze was familiar with literature and took up writing histories and apologetics. The latter led him to write against various proponents of the Enlightenment. In 1764, he wrote against Johann Bernhard Basedow, in 1769, against Johann Georg Schlosser, in 1771 against Johann Salomo Semler, the founder of the historical critical method, in 1773, against Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, and in 1769 against Julius Gustav Alberti, the first Rationalist pastor in Hamburg.
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The three most prominent theories are realism, liberalism and constructivism.Snyder, Jack, 'One World, Rival Theories, Foreign Policy, 145 (November/December 2004), p.52 Sometimes, institutionalism proposed and developed by Keohane and Nye is discussed as a paradigm differed from liberalism. International relations theories can be divided into "positivist/rationalist" theories which focus on a principally state-level analysis, and "post-positivist/reflectivist" ones which incorporate expanded meanings of security, ranging from class, to gender, to postcolonial security.
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Vinayaka Narahari Bhave was born on 11 September 1895 in a small village called Gagoji (present day Gagode Budruk) in Kolaba in the Konkan region of what is now Maharashtra. Vinayaka was the eldest son of Narahari Shambhu Rao and Rukmini Devi. The couple had five children; four sons named Vinayaka (affectionately called Vinya), Balakrishna, Shivaji and Dattatreya, and one daughter. His father was a trained weaver with a rationalist modern outlook, and worked in Baroda.
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The Círculo Escéptico (English: Skeptical Circle) is a Spanish rationalist nonprofit organisation, which seeks to scientifically question paranormal claims, pseudoscience and superstition, favouring critical thinking and scientific skepticism. The Círculo Escéptico was founded in 2006 and is a member of the European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO). It is one of the two major skeptical organisations in the country, the other being ARP- SAPC. Círculo Escéptico hosts several Skeptics in the Pub (Escépticos en el Pub) events in Spain.
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Morral was captivated with Ferrer's Escuela Moderna, a school for rationalist workers' education, and offered the project 10,000 pesetas. Ferrer, in his telling of the story, declined and instead offered Morral a job in the school's library. An unrequited love interest and a desire for infamy spurred the attempted regicide. While working at Ferrer's school, Morral became infatuated with the director of elementary studies, Soledad Villafranca, but she did not return his private admission of love.
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The result was "a 'conceptual' poetry, that is to say a rationalist poetry, one of problems solved through dramatic means, through moral means, through psychological means [...] or even through sheer anecdote [...]." A socialist ideal was encapsulated in this poetic thesis. Himself a socialist, writer Gala Galaction lauded "brother Toma" for having managed to keep alive the militancy "of the great generation, 1880 to 1900."Gala Galaction, "Duhul poeziei lui A. Toma", in Adam, Nr. 47, March 1932, p.
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For example, W. C. Lubenow finds no correlation between Liberal MPs' class background and their position on home rule.W. C. Lubenow, "Irish Home Rule and the great separation in the Liberal party in 1886: the dimensions of parliamentary liberalism." Victorian Studies 26.2 (1983): 161-180. Jonathan Parry and T. A. Jenkins have separately argued that Gladstone's domineering leadership, his intense religiosity and his pandering to public opinion alienated the more secular and rationalist outlook of many Liberals.
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The Mother Teresa Square () is the second largest square in Tirana, Albania. It is named after the Albanian Roman Catholic nun, missionary and nobelist Mother Teresa. The square was planned by the Italian architect Gherardo Bosio, and built together with the main Boulevard in 1939 to 1941, during the Italian occupation of Albania, in a Rationalist style. When the square was first constructed, it was named Victor Emmanuel III Square in honor of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
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The building is an amalgam of works by several Futurist artists. Designed by the Rationalist architect, Angiolo Mazzoni, the Poste Italiane houses tile wall mosaics by Luigi Colombo Filìa and Enrico Prampolini in addition to the murals by Benendetta. The shared themes of synthesis and communication are critical to the aesthetic program of the Futurist structure. Completed between 1933 and 1934, each painting depicts a form of information transfer, including terrestrial, maritime, aerial, radio, telegraphic and telephonic communication.
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The client secured a strategic but very small (6×6 meters) parcel of land on Strastnaya Square in Moscow. The Vesnins responded with a lean, six-storey tower housing two-storey public area (newsstand and reading room) and four-storey editorial office. It embraced various engineering and avant-garde novelties, including Alexander's own stage sets and the design cues of Nikolai Ladovsky's rationalist school. However, the building was completely devoid of graphic art or sculpture of any kind.
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He was an authority on the Armenian Church. From 1904 to 1915 he was a member of the Rationalist Press Association, founded in 1899. One of his best-known works is Myth, Magic, and Morals from 1909, later reissued under the title The Origins of Christianity. This has been read both as strong criticism of the Jesus myth theory, making Conybeare a supporter of the historical Jesus; but also as an attack on aspects of orthodox Christianity itself.
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Cambridge Platonists like Benjamin Whichcote and Ralph Cudworth mounted seminal attacks on voluntarist theories, paving the way for the later rationalist metaethics of Samuel Clarke and Richard Price; what emerged was a view on which eternal moral standards, though dependent on God in some way, exist independently of God's will and prior to God's commands. Contemporary philosophers of religion who embrace this horn of the Euthyphro dilemma include Richard Swinburne and T. J. Mawson (though see below for complications).
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The Article 51 A (h) of the Constitution of India, lists "to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform" as a fundamental duty for every Indian citizen. Rationalist Narendra Nayak has argued the Article 51 A (h) is contrary to IPC 295A and the constitution should be held over to IPC 295A. There has been calls to implement this article more widely (e.g., 2011 Janhit Manch vs Union of India, Bombay High Court).
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In various ways, German Idealism after Kant, and major later figures such Nietzsche, Bergson, Husserl, Scheler, and Heidegger, remain preoccupied with problems coming from the metaphysical demands or urges of reason. The influence of Rousseau and these later writers is also large upon art and politics. Many writers (such as Nikos Kazantzakis) extol passion and disparage reason. In politics modern nationalism comes from Rousseau's argument that rationalist cosmopolitanism brings man ever further from his natural state.
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Jani was subjected to multiple medical tests. The research team could not comment on his claim of having been able to survive in this way for decades. The case has attracted criticism, both after the 2003 tests and the 2010 tests. Sanal Edamaruku, president of the Indian Rationalist Association, criticized the 2010 experiment for allowing Jani to move out of a certain CCTV camera's field of view, meet devotees, and leave the sealed test room to sunbathe.
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The Night Battles is divided into four chapters, preceded by a preface written by Ginzburg, in which he discusses the various scholarly approaches that have been taken to studying Early Modern witchcraft, including the rationalist interpretation that emerged in the 18th century and the Witch-cult hypothesis presented by Margaret Murray. He proceeds to offer an introduction to the benandanti, and then thanks those who have helped him in producing his study.Ginzburg 1983. pp. xvii-xxii.
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He spent his spare time writing books for children in simple language. His chief works are The Sunday-School Teacher and God and His creatures, which has been published in French. He wrote a scathing answer to an attack on his works by the Saturday Review. His writings were assailed as "infamous publications" by the rationalist historian William Edward Hartpole Lecky in his History of European Morals, chiefly on account of the somewhat lurid eschatology of the children's books.
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Wroński's philosophy was no less rationalist than Hegel's, while the poets voiced a mystical philosophy. The Messianists were not the only Polish philosophers active in the period between the 1830 and 1863 uprisings. Much more widely known in Poland were Catholic thinkers such as Father Piotr Semenenko (1814–86), Florian Bochwic (1779–1856) and Eleonora Ziemięcka (1819–69), Poland's first woman philosopher. The Catholic philosophy of the period was more widespread and fervent than profound or creative.
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Though being a member of the first Romanticist generation of Danish writers, Blicher is in many ways unique. He is more of a realist, dealing with broken dreams and with Time as man’s superior opponent.Baggesen (1965) His religion is the old rationalist one. He is a belated Danish pupil of the 18th century English epistolary style while, in his interest for dialect and peasants, he anticipates the regional writers who emerged around 1900, such as Johannes Vilhelm Jensen.
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Born on 6 June 1900 in the , Madrid, Spain. After earning a degree in 1923, he became Chief Architect of the Ministry of Public Instruction, delivering a profuse number of projects of schools until 1929. His first noted project was the (1926). Once a follower of the rationalist architectural style, he reinvented himself during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), adapting to the traditionalist aesthetics promoted by the regime, and became a representative of the neo-herrerian francoist style.
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They remained in practice until Giuseppe's death during the war years. A pioneer of the modern movement in Italy, Terragni produced some of its most significant buildings. A founding member of the fascist Gruppo 7 and a leading Italian Rationalist, Terragni fought to move architecture away from neo-classical and neo-baroque revivalism. In 1926 he and other progressive members of Gruppo 7 issued the manifesto that made them the leaders in the fight against revivalism.
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Dobbin discusses the outdated role of culture in organizations. "New Institutionalists" explored the significance of culture in the modern organization. However, the rationalist worldview counters the use of cultural values in organizations, stating, "transcendental economic laws exist, that existing organizational structures must be functional under the parameters of those laws, [and] that the environment will eliminate organizations that adopt non-efficient solutions." These laws govern the modern organizations and lead them in the direction that will maximize profits efficiently.
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After the exhibition the structure was recycled and returned to paper pulp.name="Belinda Luscombe 2000" Ban fits well into the category of "Ecological Architects" but he also can make solid claims for being modernist, a Japanese experimentalist, as well as a rationalist. Natias Neutert, German thinker, critic, and poet, marks Ban in his essay as "a gentle revolutionary ... guiding contemporary architecture towards transparency, the spherical and the open".Cf. Natias Neutert: "Shigeru Ban – a gentle revolutionary".
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Bachelard was a rationalist in the Cartesian sense, although he recommended his "non-Cartesian epistemology" as a replacement for the more standard Cartesian epistemology.The New Scientific Mind, conclusion. He compared "scientific knowledge" to ordinary knowledge in the way we deal with it, and saw error as only illusion: "Scientifically, one thinks truth as the historical rectification of a persistent error, and experiments as correctives for an initial, common illusion (illusion première)."The New Scientific Mind, VI, 6.
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Weinberg's works sometimes have a strong element of commemoration, with reference to his formative years in Warsaw and to the war which ended that earlier life. Typically, however, this darkness serves as a background to the finding of peace through catharsis. This desire for harmony is also evident in his musical style; Lyudmilla Nikitina emphasizes the "neo-classical, rationalist clarity and proportion" of his works. More generally, Weinberg's style can be described as modern yet accessible.
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He commissioned Pagano to build his company's headquarters in Turin on Corso Vittorio Emanuele. Pagano and Gino Levi-Montalcini built the Palazzo Gualino in 1928–29, with a flat roof rather than the sloped tile roof typical of other buildings in the city. The building had seven identical low-stacked floors, and unorthodox but functionally rational horizontal windows, conveying a sense of efficiency rather than power. In other ways the Rationalist design carefully combined modern and traditional features.
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This approach to Hasidic mysticism enabled it to study the integration of other aspects of Jewish thought, into the Hasidic explanations. In Hasidic terminology, it takes a higher spiritual source in divinity to unite opposing, lower opinions. In Hasidic thought, Talmudic legislation, midrashic imagination, rationalist descriptions and kabbalistic structures are seen to reflect lower dimensions of a higher, essential Divine Unity. This method was used by the 7th Rebbe to address the topic of divine providence.
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Then there is disagreement between the Romantics and the modernists on morality, whether an aesthetic life could be spontaneously moral, or whether "the highest spiritual ideals threaten to lay the most crushing burdens on mankind." Taylor criticizes the critics as too narrow, and too blind. Rationalist critics of Romanticism often forget how much they "seek 'fulfillment' and 'expression.'" Opponents of technology often forget how it was disengaged reason that proposed freedom, individual rights, and the affirmation of ordinary life.
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In 1949, Charuhasan joined the Raja Lakhamgouda Law College in Belgaum and qualified as a lawyer in 1951.S.R. Ashok Kumar, "An advocate by profession, an actor by accident", The Hindu, 26 April 2007 Charuhasan practised law from 1951 to 1981. As lawyer, Charuhasan appeared in many high-profile cases, even representing U. Muthuramalingam Thevar in the Immanuvel Sekaran murder case. During this period, he was influenced by the rationalist philosophy of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy.
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Henry Toledano, The Sephardic Legacy: Unique Features and Achievements , University of Scranton Press ·2010 p.184 and has remained central to Jewish religious tradition.Yonatan Mendel, The Creation of Israeli Arabic: Security and Politics in Arabic Studies in Israel, Springer 2014 pp.14-15. Given what has been generally regarded as its pronounced anti-philosophical tendencies, a direct line has been drawn, prominently by Gershom Scholem, between it and the rise of the anti-rationalist Kabbalah movement.
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Lang, 1891Quick,1896, pp. 144-5. Here, Johann came under the influence of the rationalist H.S. Reimarus (1694–1768), author of the famous Wolfenbütteler Fragmente, published by Lessing. In 1744, Basedow went to the University of Leipzig as a student of theology, but turned instead to the study of philosophy, being particularly influenced by Wolff's "Philosophy of Reason". This made him examine his own Christian faith, arriving at a position that was "in a centre between Christianism and naturalism".
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In order to make room for both the station building and its forecourt, a convent and the Church of Santa Lucia were demolished in 1861. The station in turn took up the name of this church. The current station building is one of the few modernist buildings facing the Grand Canal. It is the result of a series of plans started up by the rationalist architect Angiolo Mazzoni in 1924 and developed by him over the next decade.
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Via Roma Turin's historical architecture is predominantly Baroque and was developed under the Kingdom of Savoy. Nonetheless the main street of the city centre, Via Roma, was built during the Fascist era (from 1931 to 1937) as an example of Italian Rationalism, replacing former buildings already present in this area. Via Roma runs between Piazza Carlo Felice and Piazza Castello. Buildings on the portion between Piazza Carlo Felice and Piazza San Carlo were designed by rationalist architect Marcello Piacentini.
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Al-Ashʻarī (c. 873–936) originated the use of the term in his development of the orthodox Ash'ari theology against some of the paradoxes of the rationalist Muʿtazila. Instead of explaining that God has a literal face, which would anthropomorphize God, he explained that the earliest Muslims simply accepted the verses as they stand - without asking how or why. This view was held by the vast majority of Sunni Muslims from the first generations of Islam.
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In 1930 he again collaborated with García-Lomas on the 8-story Viviendas Castaño, a collective housing building in the Goya barrio of the Salamanca district of Madrid. The building covers the area within the acute angle where Alcalá meets Ensanche, and resembles the rounded prow of a ship. It is a notable example of rationalist architecture. In 1931 he was a professor at the School of Architecture in Madrid when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed.
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Rassilon, as a scientist, opposes the religious and monarchical power wielded by the Pythia. Gallifrey begins its wars against the Great Vampires during this period. Rassilon commands a fleet of Bowships that wins the first war and his rationalist movement gains popular and political support as a result. The rule of the Pythia is finally overthrown by Rassilon and two other scientists, Omega and "the Other", a mysterious figure whose actual name has been lost to history.
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Laroui suggests that the Ifriqiya victory by the Maliki partisans was aided by linking the Hanafi school to the rationalist doctrines of the Mu'tazili, which later became discredited. Ibid. p. 120. Abu Hanifa (700–767) drew out fiqh at was perhaps better suited to its origin in Baghdad, the sophisticated imperial capital; Malik ibn Anas (716–795) initiated the school bearing his name in Medina.Knut S. Vikor, Between God and the Sultan. A History of Islamic Law (Oxford Univ.
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The first section of the last chapter is well organized as an outline of various skeptical arguments. The treatment includes the arguments of atheism, Cartesian skepticism, "light" skepticism, and rationalist critiques of empiricism. Hume shows that even light skepticism leads to crushing doubts about the world which - while they ultimately are philosophically justifiable - may only be combated through the non-philosophical adherence to custom or habit. He ends the section with his own reservations towards Cartesian and Lockean epistemologies.
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In 1919, McKay arrived in London, where he would frequent two clubs, a soldiers' club in Drury Lane, and the International Socialist Club in Shoreditch. A militant atheist, he also joined the Rationalist Press Association. It was during this period that his commitment to socialism deepened and he read Marx assiduously. At the International Socialist Club, McKay met Shapurji Saklatvala, A. J. Cook, Guy Aldred, Jack Tanner, Arthur McManus, William Gallacher, Sylvia Pankhurst and George Lansbury.
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Kanagasabai Subburathnam (29 April 1891–21 April 1964) popularly called Bharathidasan, was a 20th-century Tamil poet and writer rationalist whose literary works handled mostly socio-political issues. He was deeply influenced by the Tamil poet Subramania Bharati and named himself as Bharathidasan. His writings served as a catalyst for the growth of the Dravidian movement in Tamil Nadu. In addition to poetry, his views found expression in other forms such as plays, film scripts, short stories and essays.
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However, as if the villagers' fear is made true, Srikanth is killed by a dog while he is inside the temple. Hence, the entire village is convinced that the temple of Chitheshwarar is actually a den of heavenly Siddhas who pray during the night, leaving ordinary people to pray during the day. Srikanth's friend, Mani Sundaram (Ramji) is the young son of the temple's chief priest. He is a rationalist, who does not believe in myths and rituals.
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In 1782 the monastery was dissolved as "non-productive" by Emperor Joseph II during his rationalist reforms and from 1786 the premises were used for the care of the old and incurably ill of the city of Vienna. Many structural alterations were carried out to adapt the buildings to their new function. In 1944-45 the former monastery was put to use as an emergency hospital. Between 1945 and 1961 the charterhouse was used to house homeless fmailites.
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The architecture of the building follows the Dutch Rationalist style. conformed into the tropics to form a new vernacular style. The building contains a ventilation tower in the center of the building to regulate the temperature inside. When the building was transformed into a mosque, many aspects of a mosque was fitted in into the office building and as a result the building shows a unique example of how a mosque adapt a layout of an office.
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Progressive rationalism is the humanistic belief that improvements in global well-being depend on political change based on reason. It is progressive in the sense that could be falsified. It is a rationalist system of beliefs laden to empiricism, built, at least in first term, on certainties (reality is the one that once we stop to believe in it, doesn't disappear) not in mere beliefs. Progressive rationalists see corruption and faith as the two barriers to improved conditions.
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Prior thinkers, including the early-14th-century nominalist philosopher William of Ockham, had begun the intellectual movement toward empiricism.Hannam, p. 162 The term British empiricism came into use to describe philosophical differences perceived between two of its founders Francis Bacon, described as empiricist, and René Descartes, who was described as a rationalist. Thomas Hobbes, George Berkeley, and David Hume were the philosophy's primary exponents, who developed a sophisticated empirical tradition as the basis of human knowledge.
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In 1917 they were elected managing directors. In this capacity Fenoglio continued to promote quality architecture by actively participating in the bank's expansion and construction of branch offices, including enventually the construction of the new headquarters in Piazza Colonna in Rome, for which he appointed young Marcello Piacentini as director of works. Piacentini soon became the one of the principal figures in the emergence of the rationalist architecture that characterized the next twenty years in Italy.
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Parallel to this, in the 1920s another style emerged, named "Stile Novecento", characterised by its links with ancient Roman architecture. One important construction in the latter style was the Foro Mussolini, now Foro Italico, by Enrico Del Debbio. Next to it, the most important Fascist site in Rome is the EUR district, designed in 1938 by Marcello Piacentini. This new quarter emerged as a compromise between Rationalist and Novecento architects, the former being led by Giuseppe Pagano.
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Pulavar K. Govindan was a writer, historian, rationalist and politician. He was an elected Member of the Legislative Assembly of Madras State and later, the state of Tamil Nadu. He served as the Deputy Speaker of the Madras Legislative Assembly from 1967 to 1968 and Speaker for two terms from 1969 to 1971 and 1973 to 1977. He has written extensively on Tamil literature and his works were nationalized by the Tamil Nadu State Government in 2007.
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Peter Collett. Peter Collett (1767 – 21 April 1823) was a Danish judge and writer. He was born in Zealand as a brother of Johan and Jonas Collett. He was a rationalist and radical, and he published a long and favorable review of Michael Gottlieb Birckners 1797 book On the Freedom of the Press and its Law, where amongst other things he defended the freedom to call for sedition as well as the right for government officials to profess atheism.
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To make way for the building, houses from the rione of San Giuseppe-Carità were demolished in 1930. Construction began in 1928 under Costanzo Ciano, head of the Ministry of Communications; when finally completed in 1936, it was inaugurated by the then minister Antonio Stefano Benni. The design was by the Bolognese architect Giuseppe Vaccaro, and was influenced by the Rationalist style of Italian architecture promoted by Marcello Piacentini. The architect Gino Franzi modified and completed the final building.
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There is a clear influence on Buenos Aires complex from the obelisk and to the mega-architecture of the Federal Triangle of the North American capital. His other major work, the Rationalist Teatro Gran Rex, was built in just seven months in association with the engineer Adolfo Moret. Its opening in 1937 caused a sensation in different areas. Victoria Ocampo praised him, thanking the purifying action that he would exert on the taste of the general public.
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Error, according to the 4th Meditation, comes about because people make judgments about things which are not in the intellect or understanding. This is possible because the human will, being free, is not limited like the human intellect. Spinoza, though considered a Cartesian and a rationalist, rejected Cartesian dualism and idealism. In his "pantheistic" approach, explained for example in his Ethics, God is the same as nature, the human intellect is just the same as the human will.
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Maimon's metaphysical concept of "infinite mind" was similar to Fichte's "Ich" and Hegel's "Geist." Maimon ignored the results of Kant's criticism and returned to pre-Kantian transcendent speculation. > What characterizes Fichte’s, Schelling’s, and Hegel’s speculative idealism > in contrast to Kant's critical idealism is the recurrence of metaphysical > ideas from the rationalist tradition. What Kant forbade as a violation of > the limits of human knowledge, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel saw as a > necessity of the critical philosophy itself.
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He specialized in philosophy of religion and modern philosophy. He distanced himself from the main philosophical trends of the 20th century and accepted theses by "great thinkers", like: Aristotle, Leibniz, Hume, Kant and especially Wittgenstein. Critical towards Freudianism, phenomenology, post-modernism and religious fundamentalism, and partially towards Marxism, he represented an analytical and metaphysical approach. The main assumptions of his beliefs were axiological absolutism in the rationalist version and metaphysical pessimism in looking at man and society.
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Joanna discovers that Mr. Briarley, once a highly animated and keen teacher, now suffers from Alzheimer's disease. This is crushing to Joanna, who was certain that Mr. Briarley could give her "the key" to clarify why she sees the Titanic. However, Mr. Briarley's niece, Kit, promises to help. Joanna also consults with Maisie Nellis, a nine-year-old girl who suffers from a heart defect, "V-fib", because Maisie, a born rationalist, gives only accurate information about her NDEs.
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The Death and Life of Great American Cities is a 1961 book by writer and activist Jane Jacobs. The book is a critique of 1950s urban planning policy, which it holds responsible for the decline of many city neighborhoods in the United States. The book is Jacobs' best-known and most influential work. Jacobs was a critic of "rationalist" planners of the 1950s and 1960s, especially Robert Moses, as well as the earlier work of Le Corbusier.
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David Kelley was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in philosophy from Brown University, where he studied with the American rationalist, Roderick Chisholm. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Princeton University in 1975 after completing a doctoral dissertation, titled "The evidence of the senses", under the supervision of Richard Rorty. He was an assistant professor of philosophy and cognitive science at Vassar College for seven years.
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John Toland (30 November 1670 – 11 March 1722) was an Irish rationalist philosopher and freethinker, and occasional satirist, who wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political philosophy and philosophy of religion, which are early expressions of the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment. Born in Ireland, he was educated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leiden and Oxford and was influenced by the philosophy of John Locke. His first, and best known work, was Christianity not Mysterious (1696).
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Louis Bernard Bonnier (14 June 1856 – 16 September 1946) was a French architect known for his work as an urban planner for the city of Paris. He was instrumental in loosening the restrictions on the appearance of buildings in Paris, which resulted in the blossoming of Art Nouveau buildings. He designed many significant buildings himself, including private villas, public housing and railway buildings. In all his work he was true to the rationalist principles of Art Nouveau.
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In Central Poland, the pragmatist, rationalist Przysucha school thrived: Yitzchak Meir Alter founded the court of Ger in 1859, and in 1876 Jechiel Danziger established Alexander. In Galicia and Hungary, apart from Halberstam's House of Sanz, Tzvi Hirsh of Zidichov's descendants each pursued a mystical approach in the dynasties of Zidichov, Komarno and so forth. In 1817, Sholom Rokeach became the first Rebbe of Belz. At Bukovina, the Hager line of Kosov-Vizhnitz was the largest court.
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United States, against the U.S. Department of Education, brought by the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee re: magnet schools in the Math/Science bill. He is currently one of the plaintiffs in a case that started in 2014 as American Humanist Association et al v. Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, a federal lawsuit on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court that is aimed at removing a 40 foot tall Latin cross on public property in Bladensburg, Maryland.MEMORANDUM OPINION by Judge Deborah K. Chasanow on the Justia website (accessed October 13, 2016)"Humanist Group Appeals Lawsuit Against Bladensburg Cross Monument" on the American Humanist Association website (accessed October 13, 2016)"War memorial or religious symbol? Cross fight reaches U.S. high court" on the Reuters website (accessed February 27, 2019) Edwords was named Rationalist of the Year by the American Rationalist Federation in 1984, received the Humanist Pioneer Award of the American Humanist Association in 1986, was named a HumCon Pioneer by the Alliance of Humanist, Atheist, and Ethical Culture Organizations of Los Angeles County in 1992.
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Woleński is active in Poland's atheist movement. In the 1960s he was a member of the government-sponsored Association of Atheists and Freethinkers, and since 2007 he is a member of the Honorary Committee of the Polish Rationalist Association. He is widely recognized in Poland as an atheist and has promoted the replacement of religion classes with philosophy classes in Polish schools. Woleński is involved in the secular Jewish movement, writing on the common Polish-Jewish past and on today's Polish- Jewish relations.
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His parents were Jewish, but he never "felt the need for religion" and was a lifelong humanist. He was president of the British Humanist Association from 1982 to 1999, and president of the Rationalist Press Association from 1982. He was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto. He married Christine Stockman, also a mathematician and astronomer, in 1947; she had been one of Hoyle's research students and like him she went on to be active in the humanist movement.
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Fraser took a keen interest in foreign affairs as prime minister, and was more active in the international sphere than many of his predecessors. He was a strong supporter of multiculturalism, and during his term in office Australia admitted significant numbers of non- white immigrants (including Vietnamese boat people) for the first time. His government also established the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). Particularly in his final years in office, Fraser came into conflict with the economic rationalist faction of his party.
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Panrationalism (or comprehensive rationalism) holds two premises true: # A rationalist accepts any position that can be justified or established by appeal to the rational criteria or authorities. # He accepts only those positions that can be so justified. The first problem that needs to be dealt with is: what is the rational criterion or authority to which they appeal? Here the panrationalists diverge into two groups: # Intellectualists - to whom the rational authority lies in the human intellect, in the faculty of reason.
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Shriram was a known non-religious rationalist. Once after being conferred with an award called Punyabhushan(Pride of Pune) on behalf of the organization called Tridal, he was interviewed by Sudhir Gadgil. When asked about Jabbar Patel's play, wherein Lagoo had to stand before Lord Vitthal, "Did you stand there as a devotee or only as per the demand of the script?" Lagoo replied "I stood there as if I was standing in front of a stone idol that is known as Panduranga".
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This last is the subject of a special division of philosophy, beyond metaphysics, which Petronijević called "hypermetaphysics". His original "empirio-rationalist" epistemology was based on a rather complex derivation of logical laws from immediate experience. For Petronijević, our immediate experience not only presents reality as is, but is also the source of basic logical and metaphysical axioms – all are derived from the data of immediate experience. Petronijević rejected Immanuel Kant’s phenomenalism and denied the distinction between the phenomenal and noumenal.
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Kani was born in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, to social activist and rationalist parents Jayasree AK and Maitreya Maitreyan. Her parents had dropped their last names to erase the social hierarchy marker that comes with last names in India. At 15, she invented her last name "Kusruti" (meaning "mischievous" in Malayalam) to fill in a requirement in her class 10th exam application. She grew up in Thiruvananthapuram, where she got introduced to the Abhinaya Theatre Research Centre, "a common platform for theatre practitioners".
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I.D. MacKillop. 1986. The British Ethical Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Harold Blackham, who had taken over leadership of the London Ethical Church, consciously sought to remove the church-like trappings of the Ethical movement, and advocated a simple creed of humanism that was not akin to a religion. He promoted the merger of the Ethical Union with the Rationalist Press Association and the South Place Ethical Society, and, in 1957, a Humanist Council was set up to explore amalgamation.
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Keyhole represented Robertson Nicoll (David C. Smith, H.G. Wells: Desperately Mortal: A Biography Yale University Press, 1986], p. 170). Bliss also recounts conversations about the themes of this work which he has had with Boon and with Edwin Dodd, "a leading member of the Rationalist Press Association, a militant agnostic,"H.G. Wells, Boon (New York: George H. Doran, 1915), Ch. 2, §1, p. 46. Dodd represented Edward Clodd (David C. Smith, H.G. Wells: Desperately Mortal: A Biography [Yale University Press, 1986], p. 170).
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After the financial failure of Anarky (vol. 2), the character entered a period of absence from DC publications that lasted several years. Norm Breyfogle attempted to continue using the character in other comics during this time, co-writing an issue of The Spectre with John Marc DeMatteis that would cameo Anarky as a rationalist foil to the mystical nature of the Spectre. When this story was rejected, Breyfogle came to suspect the character's prolonged absence was due in part to censorship.
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Morral was likely involved in a similar attack on the king a year prior. The affair became a pretext to stop Francisco Ferrer, an anarchist pedagogue who ran Escuela Moderna, the influential, rationalist, antigovernment, anticlerical, antimilitary, Barcelonean school in whose library Morral worked. An unrequited love interest from the school might also have influenced Morral. Ferrer was charged with masterminding the attack, and though he was acquitted for lack of evidence, he remained a target of the government and church.
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In cognitive linguistics, abstract concepts are transformations of concrete concepts derived from embodied experience. The mechanism of transformation is structural mapping, in which properties of two or more source domains are selectively mapped onto a blended space (Fauconnier & Turner, 1995; see conceptual blending). A common class of blends are metaphors. This theory contrasts with the rationalist view that concepts are perceptions (or recollections, in Plato's term) of an independently existing world of ideas, in that it denies the existence of any such realm.
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In 1907, Anarchists participated in strikes at the port of Callao, the repression that followed took the life of Florencio Aliaga. In 1906 the newspaper Humanity appeared in Lima, and in 1910 it published Free Pages by the Francisco Ferrer Rationalist Center. In 1907, the brothers Lévano, Romilio Quesada, Luis Felipe Grillo and the publishing group of "Humanity" founded the "Primero de Mayo" Center for Social Studies. The anarchist Julio Reynaga (1841–1923), one of the organizers of the Trujillo sugar workers.
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At an event in Mysore on 15 February 2015, Bhagawan said that he would burn certain pages of the Hindu scripture Bhagavad Gita. He said that verse 32 and 33 in chapter 9 of the scripture describes women, vaishyas and shudras as "sinners" [paapayonaha]. Following the murder of another Kannada writer and rationalist M. M. Kalburgi and a Bajrang Dal troll's threat that Bhagawan would be the next target for "mock[ing] Hinduism", the security at Bhagwan's residence was tightened.
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The Atheist Foundation of Australia (AFA) was established in South Australia in 1970, when The Rationalist Association of South Australia decided upon a name change to better declare its basic philosophy, namely atheism. The foundation defines atheism as "the acceptance that there is no credible scientific or factually reliable evidence for the existence of a god, gods, or the supernatural." It rejects belief in a deity, the supernatural and superstition in general. The foundation considers religion unnecessary and often harmful.
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His collaboration with Giuseppe Pagano, a classmate who was six years older, marks the beginning of his career as an architect, with projects that place him among the first and most important representatives of the rationalist movement in Italy. The Palazzo Gualino office building they designed for the financier Riccardo Gualino drew an immediate response at the international level. Other projects designed by the two architects were publicized and analyzed by critics, in particular through the pages of Casabella and Domus.
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Through his wit and oratorical skills he rapidly rose as a popular politician. As his movies and plays with strong social messages became popular, they suffered from increased censorship; two of his plays in the 1950s were banned. He was famous for writing historical and social (reformist) stories which propagated the socialist and rationalist ideals of the Dravidian movement to which he belonged. Alongside C. N. Annadurai he began using Tamil cinema to propagate his political ideals through his movies.
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In addition, Aaronovitch has written for a variety of other major British news and opinion publications, such as the New Statesman. In addition, he has written for New Humanist, and is an "honorary associate" of its publisher, the Rationalist Association. Aaronovitch also presents or contributes to radio and television programmes, including the BBC's Have I Got News for You and BBC News 24. In 2004 he presented The Norman Way, a three-part BBC Radio 4 documentary looking at régime change in 1066.
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The National Civic Council (or NCC) is an Australian Conservative Christian lobby group, founded by B.A. Santamaria in the 1940s. The NCC publishes a weekly magazine, News Weekly. The NCC promotes policy based on Santamaria's Catholic values, including opposition to feminism, abortion, same-sex marriage and supporting Christian values along with "the integrity of human life", "the family unit", decentralism and patriotism (including economic). It is usually considered socially conservative, while in economics it is critical of both socialist and economic-rationalist trends.
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Chisholm's first major work was Perceiving (1957). His epistemological views were summed up in a popular text, Theory of Knowledge, which appeared in three very different editions (1966, 1977, and 1989). His masterwork was Person and Object, its title deliberately contrasting with W. V. O. Quine's Word and Object. Chisholm was a metaphysical Platonist in the tradition of Bertrand Russell, and a rationalist in the tradition of Russell, G. E. Moore, and Franz Brentano; he objected to Quine's anti-realism, behaviorism, and relativism.
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Edamaruku was born in 1955 in Thodupuzha, Kerala, India to Joseph Edamaruku, an Indian scholar and author, and Soley Edamaruku. Born in a Christian-Hindu mixed marriage, he was brought up without any specific religious influence. At his parent's insistence, he was the first student in India whose official school records listed "no religion". He became a rationalist-atheist activist at the age of 15, after seeing a neighbourhood athlete's death after her family refused medical treatment because they believed in faith healing.
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Writing in 1974, Richard Grid Powers quoted the lyrics of "The U.S. Air Force Blue" in his description of the organizational imagery and theory of the Air Force, which he described as counter-military, hyper- rationalist, aspiring to a "pure model of bureaucracy", and intentionally obliviating historical references in favor of a vision of the future in which air power was glorified to the exclusion of all else and in which "everything is where it ought to be ... [and] mankind has prevailed".
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Casa Capotesta is a house in Pinamar Partido, a coastal resort in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was designed in 1983 by the architect Clorindo Testa, who was a prominent member of the Argentine rationalist movement and one of the pioneers of brutalist architecture there. He designed the house for himself, as a summer residence. The name of the house is a play on capo, Italian for "head" or "leader", and the surname of the (Italian born) architect.
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Protests over her death took place all across India, including a rally in Bangalore a week after the funeral attended by more than 25,000 people. Gauri was given a state funeral with a gun salute on 6 September, after her body was kept for a few hours at Ravindra Kalakshetra for the public to pay tribute. She was buried in accordance with Lingayat customs. Her family did not follow any religious customs for her as she identified as a rationalist.
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Maimonides is representative of the rationalist school. He holds that the pattern of nature is basically immutable.The Purpose of Signs and Miracles According to the Ramban , R. Ezra Bick, vbm-torah.org "This Universe remains perpetually with the same properties with which the Creator has endowed it ... none of these will ever be changed except by way of miracle in some individual instances", (The Guide for the Perplexed, 2:29)., 2:29 This notwithstanding, Maimonides believes that God rewards and punishes appropriately.
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In this internalisation of kabbalistic ideas, the Hasidic follower seeks to reveal the unity of hidden divinity in all activities of life. Nachman of Breslov teaches that big part of choices needs faith or, in other words, good relations are supported by faith. Medieval, Rationalist Jewish Philosophers, such as Maimonides, describe Biblical monotheism to mean that there is only one God, and his essence is a unique, simple, infinite unity. Jewish mysticism gives a further explanation, by distinguishing between God's essence and emanation.
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In 1702 he was appointed chancellor of the University of Tübingen. There he was a professor of Protestant theology and provost of the collegiate church, until 1709 when he became abbot of the Adelberg Abbey and General Superintendent of the state of Württemberg. Jäger earned his achievements in the academic world primarily in his fight against mystical Chiliastic teachers such as Jakob Böhme, Gottfried Arnold, and Johann Wilhelm Petersen. Jäger relied on the rationalist system of natural law of Hugo Grotius.
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Howard also replaced Lynch as deputy leader of the party in 1982. Howard served as Fraser's Treasurer from November 1977 and presented five federal budgets. During the 1970s Howard shifted from a protectionist to a free trade position – in the new 'economic rationalist' mould. Howard argued unsuccessfully for the introduction of a broad indirect tax, and in 1982 with an election looming, Howard disagreed with his leader's push for an expansionary budget, while the economy was suffering from the early 1980s recession.
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In 1780 he became an associate professor of theology and philosophy at the University of Wittenberg, where he served as rector in 1790–91. In 1792 he was appointed Oberhofprediger (first preacher) to the Saxon court in Dresden. Reinhard was one of the more influential Protestant ministers of his era, and was an important representative of "enlightened theological supernaturalism". He was not opposed to contemporary rationalist thought, yet at the same time stressed the importance of divine supremacy and Biblical authority.
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101 He suggests at some points that the pagan deities are based on humans, but at other times he suggests that they are misanthropic demons, and he cites several classical sources in support of this second hypothesis.Ferguson (1974), p. 50 Clement, like many pre-Nicene church fathers, writes favourably about Euhemerus and other rationalist philosophers, on the grounds that they at least saw the flaws in paganism. However, his greatest praise is reserved for Plato, whose apophatic views of God prefigure Christianity.
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Saʿadya Gaon dedicated an entire treatise, written in rhyming Hebrew, to a refutation of Ḥīwī's arguments, two fragments of which, preserved in the Cairo Geniza, have been published (Davidson, 1915; Schirmann, 1965). Ḥīwī's criticisms are also noted in Abraham ibn Ezra's commentary on the Pentateuch. Sa'adya Gaon denounced Hiwi as an extreme rationalist, a "Mulhidun", or atheist/deviator. Abraham Ibn Daud described HIwi as a sectarian who "denied the Torah, yet used it to formulate a new Torah of his liking".
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Saadia closely followed the rules of the Muʿtazila school of Abu Ali al-Jubba'i in composing his works.s.v. al-Djubba'i, W. Montgomery Watt, Free will and predestination in early Islam, London 1948, 83-7, 136-7. It was Saadia who laid foundations for Jewish rationalist theology which built upon the work of the Muʿtazila, thereby shifting Rabbinic Judaism from mythical explanations of the Rabbis to reasoned explanations of the intellect. Saadia advanced the criticisms of Muʿtazila by Ibn al-Rawandi.
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Frederick saw this project as the "taming" and "conquering" of nature, which, in its wild form, he regarded as "useless" and "barbarous"—an attitude that reflected his enlightenment-era, rationalist sensibilities.David Blackbourn, "Conquests from Barbarism: Taming Nature in Frederick the Great's Prussia". Harvard University He presided over the construction of canals for bringing crops to market, and introduced new crops, especially the potato and the turnip, to the country. For this, he was sometimes called Der Kartoffelkönig (the Potato King).
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Although innovated in the late medieval period, Thomism was dogmatized in the Renaissance. From roughly 1277 to 1567, it dominated the philosophic landscape. The rationalist philosophers, however, with a new emphasis on reason as a tool of the intellect, brought the classical and medieval traditions under new scrutiny, exercising a new concept of doubt, with varying outcomes. Foremost among the new doubters were the empiricists, the advocates of scientific method, with its emphasis on experimentation and reliance on evidence gathered from sensory experience.
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The principle of retroversion of the sovereignty to the people stated that, in the absence of the legitimate monarch, power returned to the people; they were entitled to form a new government. This principle was commonplace in Spanish scholasticism and rationalist philosophy, but had never been applied in case law.Luna, Independencia..., p. 32 Its validity divided the assembly into two main groups: one group rejected it and argued that the situation should remain unchanged; this group supported Cisneros as Viceroy.
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Born in a Shaivite family on 21 August 1949 at Agaram in Perambur, Dasan was attracted towards the rationalist ideals of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, the founder of the Dravidian movement. During his days in Pachaiyappa’s College, he changed his original name Seshachalam to Periyar Dasan ('Ardent follower of Periyar'). He was well- versed in Tamil literature, various religious studies, and English. He has authored around 120 books. He was served as a professor in his alma mater, Pachaiyappa’s College, for 34 years.
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René Descartes' rationalist philosophy laid the foundation for enlightenment thinking. His attempt to construct the sciences on a secure metaphysical foundation was not as successful as his method of doubt applied in philosophic areas leading to a dualistic doctrine of mind and matter. His skepticism was refined by John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) and David Hume's writings in the 1740s. His dualism was challenged by Spinoza's uncompromising assertion of the unity of matter in his Tractatus (1670) and Ethics (1677).
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Even though they were found innocent, they were compelled to leave Wallingford and settle in Staten Island, New York. In 1706, Grace Sherwood of Virginia was tried by ducking and jailed for allegedly being a witch. Rationalist historians in the 18th century came to the opinion that the use of torture had resulted in erroneous testimony. Witch trials became scant in the second half of the 17th century, and their growing disfavor eventually resulted in the British Witchcraft Act of 1735.
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Kambisseri Karunakaran (31 March 1922 – 27 July 1977) was an Indian journalist writing in Malayalam language. He was the chief editor of Balayugam (Children's monthly), the novel Pathippu (Monthly novel issue), Cine Rama (Fortnightly movie magazine), Janayugam Varika (Weekly) and Janayugam Daily, a group of publications in Malayalam language, owned by the Communist Party of India. Beside being a journalist he was a politician, orator, actor, satirist and rationalist. Many times he was a member of the State film awards committee.
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Caspar David Friedrich, Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, (1818), Kunsthalle Hamburg Often categorized as a rationalist philosopher, Wollstonecraft demonstrates her commitment to and appreciation of feeling in Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. She argues that subjective experiences, such as the transcendent emotions prompted by the sublime and the beautiful, possess a value equal to the objective truths discovered through reason.Poovey, 83–84; Myers, 167. In Wollstonecraft's earlier works, reason was paramount, because it allowed access to universal truths.
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Mariátegui begins by pointing out that in his time, the concept of religion had already grown in extension and depth. The old criticism of anticlericalism (atheist, secular and rationalist) of relating religiosity with obscurantism was already overcome (which does not prevent that still some, naively or ignorantly, continue to believe in that relationship). He uses Anglo-Saxon Protestantism as an example to deny such an assertion. Mariátegui notes that the religious factor offers very complex aspects in the peoples of the Americas.
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Johannes Quack is a German ethnologist at the Goethe University Frankfurt whose primary field of study is religion. He is also the head of the Emmy Noether Research Group “Diversity of Non-Religiosity” at the Goethe University Frankfurt. He has researched non-religious and rationalist organisations in India. He received the Max Weber Award from the Max Weber Center for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies at the University of Erfurt for his work Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism on Religion in India.
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Condorcet took a leading role when the French Revolution swept France in 1789, hoping for a rationalist reconstruction of society, and championed many liberal causes. As a result, in 1791 he was elected as a Paris representative in the Legislative Assembly, and then became the secretary of the Assembly. Condorcet was not affiliated with any political party but counted many friends among the Girondins. He distanced himself from them during the National Convention, however, due to his distaste for their factionalism.
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Narendra Achyut Dabholkar (1 November 1945 – 20 August 2013) was an Indian medical doctor, social activist, rationalist and author from Maharashtra, India. In 1989 he founded and became president of the Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (MANS), (the Committee to Eradicate Superstition in Maharashtra). Triggered by his murder on 20 August 2013, the pending Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Ordinance was promulgated in the state of Maharashtra, four days later. The next year, in 2014, he was posthumously awarded the Padma Shri for social work.
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John Carroll is the author of Puritan, Paranoid, Remissive, Guilt, Ego and Soul, Humanism: The Rebirth and Wreck of Western Culture, and Intruders In The Bush: The Australian Quest For Identity. His Cambridge doctoral dissertation on epistemological anarchistic and anti-rationalist themes in Max Stirner, Nietzsche and Dostoyevsky was published as Breakout from the Crystal Palace (1974). It was supervised by George Steiner. Puritan, Paranoid, Remissive (1977) echoed and developed upon themes in Philip Rieff's Triumph of the Therapeutic: Uses of Faith after Freud (1966).
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To accomplish its mission, the society organizes public meetings, conferences, study camps, seminars and publishes rationalist literature. The society undertakes campaigns to expose the so-called miracles and charlatanry of godmen who claim supernatural powers. Towards this the Society has announced a cash award of rupees five lakh (US$8,000) for anybody who demonstrates supernatural powers or miracles under fraud-proof conditions. The Society has so far published about 50 books in Punjabi and Hindi on rationalism and science to inculcate scientific temper among people.
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Fergusson published a number of studies regarding abortion and mental health. A self-described pro-choice atheist and rationalist, Fergusson undertook his first investigation with the expectation that his cohort data would prove that the apparent link between abortion and mental health problems would be explained by pre-existing factors. Instead, his data revealed that abortion was an independent "risk factor for the onset of mental illness". The study found abortion was linked to higher rates of depression, anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, and suicidal behaviours.
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Within the rationalist point of view, there remains the possibility of multiple rational explanations. For example, considering the biblical story of Noah's flood, one making rational determinations about the probability of the events does so via interpretation of modern evidence. Two observers of the story may provide different plausible explanations for the life of plants, construction of the boat, species living at the time, and migration following the flood. Some see this as meaning that a person is not strictly bound to choose between faith and reason.
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As early as the 18th century, aristocrats from Russia and Italy employed numerous architects from Ticino. More recently, the region became a centre of the Neo-Rationalist Tendenza movement. Polenta, along with chestnuts and potatoes, was for centuries one of the staple foods in Ticino, and it remains a mainstay of local cuisine. Gazzosa ticinese, a soft drink available in lemon and a number of other flavours, is one of the most popular beverages from Ticino, and is also common in other regions of Switzerland.
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Franco Albini in 1956 Franco Albini (17 October 1905 – 1 November 1977) was an Italian Neo-Rationalist architect, designer and university instructor in design. A native of Robbiate, near Milan, Albini obtained his degree in architecture at Politecnico di Milano University in 1929 and began his professional career working for Gio Ponti. He started displaying his works at Milan TriennaleMilan Triennale In 1930 he opened his own practice. Through his creations, the modern furniture design merged the Italian traditional artisanship with the new forms of modernism.
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Aristotle's main contribution to rationalist thinking was the use of syllogistic logic and its use in argument. Aristotle defines syllogism as "a discourse in which certain (specific) things having been supposed, something different from the things supposed results of necessity because these things are so."Aristotle, Prior Analytics, 24b18–20 Despite this very general definition, Aristotle limits himself to categorical syllogisms which consist of three categorical propositions in his work Prior Analytics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Ancient Logic Aristotle Non-Modal Syllogistic These included categorical modal syllogisms.
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Only two works using this kind of rationalist argument had been used for a feminist argument before, and only one of those was written in English. Besides her rational arguments, Drake also wrote sketches of various stereotypes among men: the Pedant, the Country Squire, the News-monger, the Bully, the City-Critick, and the Beau. She uses these pictures to remind her readers that men, also, had follies.Seller's description of a 2nd edition (1696) copy of Drake's An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex.
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In 1993, Willis unsuccessfully applied to the Economic and Social Research Council (ESCR) to obtain funding for an anthropological expedition to study spirit possession in Zambian Ulungu. In 1995, he successfully submitted a re-formulated application influenced by the ideas of Anthony Cohen and Edith Turner, who argued that anthropologists should not dismiss people's belief in spirits from a western rationalist perspective. The following year, he returned to Ulungu, where he obtained three Lungu research assistants, and together they observed and filmed five ngulu rituals in Ulungu.
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Satyapriya's conviction is guided by his ascetic grandfather "Daddaji" Satyasharan Acharya (Ashok Kumar)'s world views, whose pursuit of truth has led to him living in isolation in a Gurukula studying religious philosophy and observing a variety of rigid rituals. Satyapriya ruthlessly follows a rationalist obsession to eliminate the difference between a fallible human being and infallible God. This drives him into egocentric dispositions at the expense of everybody around him, including himself. Even in great adversity he doesn't let go of his ideals.
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It was the first comprehensive Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir) written in the Indonesian, which attempted at construing Islamic principles within the Malay-Minangkabau culture. Harun Nasution was a pioneering scholar adhered to the humanist and rationalist perspectives in Indonesian intellectual landscape, advocating for a position described as neo-Mutazilite.Saleh, Modern Trends in Islamic Theological Discourse in 20th Century Indonesia pp.230,233 Nurcholish Madjid (Cak Nur) was a highly influential scholar who is credited for cultivating the modernist and reformist discourse, influenced largely by Pakistani Islamic philosopher Fazlur Rahman.
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With this, the feminine Divine presence in this world is drawn from exile to the Holy One Above. The 613 mitzvot are embodied in the organs and soul of man. Lurianic Kabbalah incorporates this in the more inclusive scheme of Jewish messianic rectification of exiled divinity. Jewish mysticism, in contrast to Divine transcendence rationalist human-centred reasons for Jewish observance, gave Divine-immanent providential cosmic significance to the daily events in the worldly life of man in general, and the spiritual role of Jewish observance in particular.
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Critics such as Winfried Siemerling have hailed No Language is Neutral as a "breakthrough volume" for its uninhibitedness. In 1991, however, critics such as Ronald B. Hatch sung a different tune. He claimed that the "highly provocative material" in No Language Is Neutral coupled with "the Trinidadian English" was "monotonous" and lacked "imagistic representation". He claimed that the fault in No Language is Neutral was that it was "highly formal" and "highly rationalist" as if expecting Brand to write the opposite because of her 'other'/ 'exotic' status.
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Adolf Hitler himself has been described as a "spiritualist" by Laqueur; but he has been described by Bullock as a "rationalist" and a "materialist" with no appreciation for the spiritual side of humanity;Alan Bullock; Hitler: A Study in Tyranny; HarperPerennial Edition 1991; p219 and a simple "atheist" by Blainey.Geoffrey Blainey; A Short History of Christianity; Viking; 2011; pp.495-6 His fascist comrade Benito Mussolini was an atheist. Both were anticlerical, but they understood that it would be rash to begin their Kulturkampfs against Catholicism prematurely.
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In his works Dymond extended the pacifist argument against war beyond the purely Christian insight of earlier generations of Quakers to wider more rationalist arguments, as in this against the notion of a distinction between aggressive and defensive war from the Inquiry: Dymond was a fervent antimilitarist. He saw armies as enemies of liberty and physical and moral subjection as a necessary condition of army life. The opinion he voiced prefigures some of the later objections to conscription made by Quakers and other conscientious objectors.
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Moses Mendelssohn's Phaedon is a defense of the simplicity and immortality of the soul. It is a series of three dialogues, revisiting the Platonic dialogue Phaedo, in which Socrates argues for the immortality of the soul, in preparation for his own death. Many philosophers, including Plotinus, Descartes, and Leibniz, argue that the soul is simple, and that because simples cannot decompose they must be immortal. In the Phaedon, Mendelssohn addresses gaps in earlier versions of this argument (an argument that Kant calls the Achilles of Rationalist Psychology).
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Above all else, it has been one of the defining efforts of Edmund Burke's transformation of "traditionalism into a self- conscious and fully conceived political philosophy of conservatism". The pamphlet has not been easy to classify. Before seeing this work as a pamphlet, Burke wrote in the mode of a letter, invoking expectations of openness and selectivity that added a layer of meaning. Academics have had trouble identifying whether Burke, or his tract, can best be understood as "a realist or an idealist, Rationalist or a Revolutionist".
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During his time at Galleria Il Milione Persico developed an interest in installation design. Influenced by the Rationalist movement, in 1934 he started designing furniture and interiors for exhibition spaces. His most important works were made in collaboration with artist Marcello Nizzoli, and include the Gold Medallion Room at the Aeronautics Exhibition (1934) and the Hall of Honour for the 1936 Milan Triennale, which was completed after his death. For a brief time he also lectured at ISIA (Istituto superiore per le industrie artistiche) in Monza.
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Bishopsgate Library holds the most unusual collection of archives and printed materials relating to the history of freethought and humanism in the UK. This includes the archives and libraries of two of the Victorian era's most prominent thinkers on freethought and secularism, Charles Bradlaugh and George Jacob Holyoake. The library also documents the history, activities and campaigns of the movement from the late 19th century to the present day through the extensive archives of the British Humanist Association, Rationalist Association and the Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association.
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Discussion of this concept began with Isaiah Berlin's 1973 Essay, The Counter-Enlightenment. He published widely about the Enlightenment and its challengers and did much to popularise the concept of a Counter-Enlightenment movement that he characterized as relativist, anti-rationalist, vitalist, and organic,Aspects noted by Darrin M. McMahon, "The Counter-Enlightenment and the Low-Life of Literature in Pre-Revolutionary France" Past and Present No. 159 (May 1998:77–112) p. 79 note 7. which he associated most closely with German Romanticism.
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Cottancin worked with Anatole de Baudot, a structural-rationalist pupil of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, in the design of the church of Saint-Jean-de- Montmartre. Building started in 1897, but was suspended in 1899. The immediate reason was an infraction of planning regulations, but doubts were raised about the ability of the reinforced concrete floors and piers to carry the loads. Extensive tests were carried out, subjecting the components to extreme stress, before construction was allowed to resume in 1902, complete in 1904.
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The novel also follows changes in the character of Genly Ai, whose behavior shifts away from the "masculine" and grows more androgynous over the course of the novel. He becomes more patient and caring, and less rigidly rationalist. Ai struggles to form a bond with Estraven through much of the novel, and finally breaks down the barrier between them during their journey on the ice, when he recognizes and accepts Estraven's dual sexuality. Their understanding of each other's sexuality helps them achieve a more trusting relationship.
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At no time in his writing was Bauer ever an orthodox Christian. From his earliest days of academic scholarship under Hegel, Bauer maintained a firm criticism of Immanuel Kant and a firm fealty to both Hegel's dialectic and his Rationalist Theology. Accused of being a so-called "Right Hegelian" (cf. David Strauss, In Defense of My 'Life of Jesus' Against the Hegelians, 1838), he was later accused of being a "Left Hegelian" because of his association, or rather his early leadership, of the Young Hegelians.
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University of California, 1987. The bank continued to grow and, during the administration of President Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–22), its share of the nation's mortgages doubled to 37%. The headquarters relocated in 1942 from its original, Baroque headquarters in the financial district (transferred to the Central Bank of Argentina) to a larger, Rationalist office building facing Plaza de Mayo. The bank again grew significantly during President Juan Perón's populist administration, boosting its loan portfolio from 100,000 mortgages in 1946 to 500,000 a decade later.
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In 1447 the German king Frederick III of Habsburg presented the abbey church with an altar. Viktring Abbey was dissolved during the rationalist reforms of Emperor Joseph II by decree of 19 May 1786. The parish of Stift Viktring retained possession only of the church and the former priest's house. The altar was removed to St. Bernard's Abbey in Wiener Neustadt, and when that was merged into Heiligenkreuz Abbey in 1885, sold to St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, where it is to be seen opposite Emperor Frederick's tomb.
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The New Unified School Council (UNSC), created in Catalonia on July 27, 1936, was entrusted with the task of restructuring the educational system in Catalonia. This organization could be understood as a model of public management of education: free, co-educational, secular, use of the mother tongue and unification of the different educational levels. However, the CENU also raised suspicions within the Catalan confederal militancy and a Regional Federation of Rationalist Schools was created outside the organization. However, its influence in neighboring regions is evident.
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Périn was the first author to use the term "modernism" in a Catholic context - before him the Dutch Calvinist Abraham Kuyper had attacked the rationalist German theology of the Protestant Tübingen School as "modernism" (Het modernisme een fata morgana op christelijk gebied, 1871). For Périn "modernism" was a label for the attempts of Liberal Catholics to reconcile Catholicism with the ideals of the French Revolution and of democracy in general. He saw the danger that humanitarian tendencies in secular society would be received within the Catholic Church.
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The Palazzo Gualino is an office building in Turin, Italy built in 1928–30 for the entrepreneur Riccardo Gualino by the architects Gino Levi-Montalcini and Giuseppe Pagano. It is an important example of early Italian rationalist architecture. The building was used for offices first by Gualino, then by Fiat and finally by the city of Turin, who sold it to a real estate developer in 2012. A project to convert the office building into high-end apartments was begun in 2012, but was abandoned in 2015.
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The design was based on formal simplification and careful attention to functional and technical needs. Pagano and Gino Levi-Montalcini (1902–74) built the Palazzo Gualino in 1928–29, with a flat roof rather than the sloped tile roof typical of other buildings in the city. In other ways the Rationalist design carefully combined modern and traditional features. The building has a symmetrical facade with seven floors on the main front on the Corso Vittorio Emanuele, and five floors on the Via della Rocca.
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The philosopher Étienne Bonnot de Condillac observed in 1782 that "every science requires a special language because every science has its own ideas". As a rationalist member of the Enlightenment, he continued: "It seems that one ought to begin by composing this language, but people begin by speaking and writing, and the language remains to be composed."Quoted by Fernand Braudel, in discussing the origins of capital, capitalism, in The Wheels of Commerce, vol. II of Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century, 1979:234.
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Marie Parent (1853–1934) was a Belgian journal editor, temperance activist, feminist and suffragist. She founded the Alliance des femmes contre les abus de l'alcool (Alliance of Women against Alcohol Abuse) in 1905 and the Ligue belge des femmes rationalistes (Belgian League of Rationalist Women) in 1920. For over 20 years, she headed and edited the Journal des Mères (Mothers' Journal), for which she received the Adelson Castiau award from the Royal Academy of Belgium and a gold medal at the 1910 Brussels International Exhibition.
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Ferrer was released from prison in June 1907, backed by an international coalition of anarchist and rationalist organizations who presented Ferrer's case as another iniquitous Spanish inquisition. The next month, Ferrer toured the European capitals as an advocate of the Spanish revolutionary cause. When he returned to Barcelona in September, though Ferrer was prohibited from reopening his school, he reopened his press, where he published new textbooks and translations. He additionally helped the creation of the syndicalist labor federation Solidaridad Obrera and its journal.
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The house is an elongated prism, the typical white box, to which a portion is subtracted, and thus creates a kind of "inner courtyard", like the Cuban colonial house. The volumes separated by this "patio" are joined by two galleries that connect them. It complies with the rationalist dictates to the letter: free floor plan, continuous windows, a free facade, pilotis, etc. The house is not only exceptional for its extraordinary visual values, but also for its amazing adaptation to the Cuban tropical climate.
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Theagenes of Rhegium (, Theagenēs ho Rhēginos; fl. 529–522 BC) was a Greek literary critic of the 6th century BC. Born in Rhegium (modern Reggio Calabria), he is noted for having defended the mythology of Homer, from more rationalist attacks. In so doing he became an early proponent of the allegorical method of reading texts.Allegorical interpretation may have begun with Theagenes of Rhegium in the sixth century as a response to the criticisms of the representation of the gods in the Homeric poems by Xenophanes and others[...].
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Her work initially turned to figurative painting. Her first exhibition was in 1924 at the collective-Opera Bevilacqua La Masa. In 1928 she had her first solo exhibition at Gallery Art Workshops in Venice and, the following year, another was held at the Galleria San Moise. The Venetian art scene in the 1930s, animated by the Artistic Circle of Palazzo dei Piombi e dal Caffè on the banks of the Zattere, included Carlo Scarpa, Mario Deluigi and Virgilio Guidi and began a pioneering path and rationalist research.
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It ridicules rationalist idealism and celebrates a type of materialism it associates with classical mythology and ancient Greek philosophy. The title is taken from the painting Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe by Édouard Manet. The female lead in Picnic on the Grass was the first major role for Rouvel, who due to an unusual contract would not appear in another film until 1963. Filming took place around Renoir's childhood home in Provence, and inspiration came from the impressionist paintings of his father, Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
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Gottfried Lengnich The Enlightenment currents had been fully developed in Western Europe, especially in England and France, when its ideology and paradigms reached the Commonwealth during the last quarter-century of the union with Saxony period. Augustus II propagated France's culture, while Stanisław Leszczyński its social and philosophical thought. Protestant burghers of Royal Prussia came early under the influence of rationalist philosophy. They and many progressive Polish Catholics followed the Saxons and accepted the moderate rationalism of Christian Wolff and were inspired by it.
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A former milk powder factory, (fábrica de productos dietéticos Max) still stands in San Antonio, a district of the town of Entrambasagas. It is an example of industrial architecture built in the rationalist style of the 1930s. It was built by Maximilian Berlowitz Feinstein (1882), a German pharmacist who graduated from the University of Würzburg, and successfully established himself in Spain. In 1935, the Ministry of Industry and Trade asked him to build the factory, as Spain had to import milk powder at the time.
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Instead, Ayer concludes that ethical concepts are "mere pseudo-concepts": Between 1945 and 1947, together with Russell and George Orwell, he contributed a series of articles to Polemic, a short-lived British "Magazine of Philosophy, Psychology, and Aesthetics" edited by the ex-Communist Humphrey Slater. Ayer was closely associated with the British humanist movement. He was an Honorary Associate of the Rationalist Press Association from 1947 until his death. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963.
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9 Lovinescu noted in 1943: "as modernism or synchronism, I have been supporting those same ideas these past twenty years."Lovinescu (1943), p. 291 Zarifopol's revolt was more contextual, and bound by his own debt to the classics: Ralea sees him as a classical rationalist in the manner of Voltaire, Sainte-Beuve, and Anatole France,Ralea, pp. 162, 168, 170 and Călinescu as a "cultured academic, for all his freethinking airs", copying his style from Caragiale and Tudor Arghezi, without "a sense of the sublime".
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He also donated other plots of land in the south of Bletchley for them to become public schools for the local children of the Lakes Estate. Leon was Chairman of the Rationalist Press Association, 1913–1922. In 1970 Leon School and Sports College was built on the Lakes Estate in Bletchley in Leon's honour. In September 2012 the school was renamed as Sir Herbert Leon Academy as a sign of appreciation for the works and funding Leon and his late wife had brought to the local area.
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The Limits of Orthodox Theology: Maimonides' Thirteen Principles Reappraised. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization (2011). pp. 1–14. During the Middle Ages, two systems of thought competed for theological primacy, their advocates promoting them as explanatory foundations for the observance of the Law. One was the rationalist-philosophic school, which endeavored to present all commandments as serving higher moral and ethical purposes, while the other was the mystical tradition, exemplified in Kabbalah, which assigned each rite with a role in the hidden dimensions of reality.
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According to James D. Fearon, wars have a rationalist explanation behind them, which explains why leaders prefer to gamble in wars and avoid peaceful bargains. Fearon states that intermediate bargains can be a problem because countries cannot easily trade territories with the spread of nationalism. Furthermore, wars can take the form of civil wars. In her article Why Bad Governance Leads to Civil Wars, Barbara F. Walter has presented a theory that explains the role of strong institutions in preventing insurgencies that can result in civil wars.
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Jabbar was born into an orthodox Muslim family in Malappuram in Kerala, India. He lost his faith in Islam while studying in the tenth grade after reading the Malayalam translation of Quran. He felt it had many inconsistencies and contradictions, and he did not get satisfactory answers to his questions from his family circle. When rationalist Joseph Edamaruku published his book Quran: A Critical Study (Original title: Quran Oru Vimarsana Padanam) in early 1980, it was subject to widespread discussion and Jabbar was actively involved.
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Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev in front of the cathedral in 1988. Instead of following the original ad hoc layout (seven churches around the central core), Ivan's architects opted for a more symmetrical floor plan with eight side churches around the core,Komech, Pluzhnikov p. 399 producing "a thoroughly coherent, logical plan"Brumfield, p. 95Shvidkovsky 2007, p. 128: "regular, not to say "rationalist" plan." despite the erroneous latter "notion of a structure devoid of restraint or reason" influenced by the memory of Ivan's irrational atrocities.
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A member since its formation in 1963, Hemming was President of the British Humanist Association from 1977–1980, and vice-president until his death. He served on the BHA's Education Committee for 30 years (c1966s–1998)The committee ceased to exist when the BHA appointed a full time Education Officer. and was a humanist representative on the Religious Education Council of England and Wales (1980s–1990s). He was also an honorary associate of the Rationalist Association and a vice-president of the Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association.
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Born to Malayalam writer and rationalist Pavanan and Parvathy, C. P. Surendran received his M.A. in English Literature from Delhi University, Delhi. He taught English literature for a short while at Calicut University before moving to Mumbai to work as a journalist with English newspapers including The Times of India, Times Sunday Review and Bombay Times. He was resident editor of The Times of India in Pune for three years and senior editor with The Times of India in Delhi. He was chief editor, DNA.
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Ark in the Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue. While Luria, the "Lion", gave the complete traditional system of Kabbalah, Maimonides, Judaism's greatest Rationalist, is called the "Great Eagle", both images taken from the Merkabah vision of Ezekiel. In 1569, Luria moved back to Eretz Israel; and after a short sojourn in Jerusalem, where his new kabbalistic system seemed to have met with little success, he settled in Safed. Safed over the previous decades had become a center for kabbalistic studies, led by Rabbi Moses Cordovero.Fine 2003, p.
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Torre Littoria, or Grattacielo Reale Mutua, is the first high-rise building in Turin, and one of the most renowned rationalist buildings in Italy. It is located in the city centre, on Via Giovanni Battista Viotti, near Piazza Castello. Torre Littoria as seen from Piazza Castello, Turin. Torre Littoria was built in 1933-34, with the intent of hosting, among other offices, the national headquarters of the National Fascist Party; in fact it never did, with the party's headquarters located first in Milan and then in Rome.
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He is raised in a Hindu family, but at 12 years old, is introduced to Christianity and then Islam, and decides to follow all three religions as he "just wants to love God". His mother supports his desire to grow, but his rationalist father tries to secularize him. Pi's family owns a zoo, and Pi takes interest in the animals, especially a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. After Pi gets dangerously close to Richard Parker, his father forces him to witness the tiger killing a goat.
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Western scholars have long noticed that the Zhuangzi is often strongly anti- rationalist. Mohism, deriving from Zhuangzi's possible contemporary Mozi, was the most logically sophisticated school in ancient China. Whereas reason and logic became the hallmark of Ancient Greek philosophy and then the entire Western philosophical tradition, in China philosophers preferred to rely on moral persuasion and intuition. The Zhuangzi played a significant role in the traditional Chinese skepticism toward rationalism, as Zhuangzi frequently turns logical arguments upside-down to satirize and discredit them.
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The Kadızadelis henceforth received no direct imperial support. In the early seventeenth century, Ottoman intellectual life was further influenced by an influx of scholars from Iran and Kurdistan. These scholars encouraged a revival of the rational sciences through emphasis on 'verification' (Arabic: taḥqīq, as opposed to taqlīd, "imitation") of the scientific discoveries of previous generations. The result was a burst of new written works on rationalist topics, such as mathematics, logic, and dialectics, with many scholars tracing their intellectual lineage back to these Iranian and Kurdish immigrants.
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Loos was still starting his career in 1910 when he designed and constructed the Steiner house in Vienna, Austria. This design was much better accepted than Loos' earlier works and quickly became a worldwide example of rationalist architecture. In his buildings, Loos normally starts with one main volume in which the space, configuration, and elements follows the rules and composition of classical architecture. He organizes the interior of that volume with smaller cubes, rectangles boxes, and cylinders arranged in a volumetric puzzle of sorts.
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Reynolds was born in London and worked as a sub- editor of Oz magazine, editorial assistant on the Rationalist Press Association's Humanist journal, and editor of The Freethinker, before graduation from the London School of Economics. He went on to work in publishing, working at Reader's Digest and becoming a co-founder of Bloomsbury Publishing in 1986. In 1999 he left Bloomsbury to pursue a career as a writer. In 2006 he was a co-founder of Old Street Publishing, of which he is a director.
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In 1919, Baldessari moved to Milan where he studied architecture at Milan Polytechnic; he completed his degree in 1922. In 1923 Baldessari moved to Berlin where he worked as a set designer. In 1926, he returned to Milan and began his career in rationalist architecture. During this period, Baldessari designed a number of influential buildings including the Bernocchi Pavilion at the 10th International Fair of Milan and the Craja Bar in Milan (in collaboration with Luigi Figini, and Gino Pollini, Fausto Melotti and Marcello Nizzoli).
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John Rowland had worked for the Rationalist Press Association on the Literary Guide (precursor to the New Humanist magazine) and wrote in The Freethinker. During this time Cobell also met the feminist author Daisy L Hobman, who was the initiator of the Brighton and Hove Humanist Group. Denis was invited to give a talk at the Group's first public meeting. Cobell started writing for secular / humanist and socialist publications from the late 1950s and also spoke at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park during the 1960s and 1970s.
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Phaedon is a defense of the simplicity and immortality of the soul. It is a series of three dialogues, revisiting the Platonic dialogue Phaedo, in which Socrates argues for the immortality of the soul, in preparation for his own death. Many philosophers, including Plotinus, Descartes, and Leibniz, argue that the soul is simple, and that because simples cannot decompose they must be immortal. In the Phaedon, Mendelssohn addresses gaps in earlier versions of this argument (an argument that Kant calls the Achilles of Rationalist Psychology).
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Abrams sees this image of a Romantic hero, a practical man of business, and a Yankee go-getter as crafted to appeal to nineteenth-century Americans. Russell suggests that the flat-Earth error was able to take such deep hold on the modern imagination because of prejudice and presentism. He specifically mentions "the Protestant prejudice against the Middle Ages for Being Catholic ... the Rationalist prejudice against Judeo-Christianity as a whole", and "the assumption of the superiority of 'our' views to those of older cultures".
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After studying theology at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, Burgers became the parson of Hanover, South Africa in 1859. A charmingly eloquent, but fiercely individualistic man, he had been influenced by Professor C. W. Opzoomer in the Netherlands and embraced his rationalist, liberal ideas. Burgers quickly became involved in a stormy controversy with the Dutch Reformed Synod over his alleged liberalism and disbelief in the literal truth of the Bible. He was critical of traditional culture and strongly emphasised knowledge and rationalism.
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It was one of the early examples of a typological approach to architecture and urbanism, which are central to the neo- Rationalist and New Urbanist movements. The book also included reprints of papers on social housing from the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) conferences in Frankfurt in 1929 (papers by Sigfried Giedion, Ernst May, Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, Victor Bourgeois), and in Brussels in 1930 (Giedion, Böhm and Kaufmann, Gropius, Richard Neutra, and Karel Teige).Broadbent, Geoffrey (1990). Emerging Concepts in Urban Space Design, pp. 172-175.
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He further advocated for the modernisation of villages by providing public facilities such as schools, libraries, radio stations, roads, bus transport, and police stations.Saraswathi, p. 193. Periyar felt that a small number of cunning people created caste distinctions to dominate Indian society, so he emphasised that individuals must first develop self-respect and learn to analyse propositions rationally. According to Periyar, a self-respecting rationalist would readily realise that the caste system had been stifling self-respect and therefore he or she would strive to get rid of this menace.
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José Luis de la Granja Sainz, El error de Estella del PNV en perspectiva histórica, [in:] Anales de Historia Contemporánea 16 (2000), pp. 199–207 The 21st century Traditionalist theorists criticize current praxis of autonomy as increasingly infected with rationalist mentality and positive law.Ayuso Torres 1999, p. 82 Finally, separatism is mutually viewed as clearly incompatible with Traditionalism; in present-day Spain there is no greater enemy of Traditionalism than independence-minded Basque political movement, and the last Traditionalist known to have been killed was the victim of ETA.
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Alfred William Benn (1843-1915) was an agnostic and an honorary associate of the Rationalist Press Association. His book A History of Modern Philosophy (first published in 1912) was republished in the Thinker's Library series in 1930. He was the author of The Greek Philosophers (2 vols, 1882); The History of English Rationalism in the Nineteenth Century (2 vols, 1906); and The History of Ancient and Modern Philosophy (2 vols, 1912). Benn was also a member of the London Positivist Society and a friend of the lawyer and positivist Vernon Lushington.
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Kerala rationalist movement is a continuation of Sri Narayana Movement. Sahodaran Ayyappan a favorite disciple of Sri Narayana Guru, changed the Guru’s slogan Oru Jati, Oru Matham, Oru Daivam Manushyanu (One Caste, One Religion, One God for Human-beings) to Jati Venda, Matham Venda, Daivam Venda Manushyanu (No Caste, No Religion, No God for Human-beings). Ayyappan organized the Sahodara Sangham (The Brotherhood Association), and started two magazines “Sahodaran” and “Yukthivadi”. In August 1931 M. C. Joseph became Yukthivadi's sole editor- publisher and shifted the publication to Irinjalakkuda.
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Norman Taylor (Peter Wyngarde) is a psychology professor lecturing about belief systems and superstition. After a scene in which his wife searches frantically and finds a poppet left by a jealous work rival, he discovers that his wife, Tansy (Janet Blair), is practising obeah, referred to in the film as "conjure magic," which she learned in Jamaica. She insists that her charms have been responsible for his rapid advancement in his academic career and for his general well-being. A firm rationalist, Norman is angered by her acceptance of superstition.
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Under his guidance, the Milan offices acquired a revered status. An early advocate of modern design, Zveteremich adopted a 'humanistic' approach that will have a long-lasting influence on the style of Olivetti's communication. His campaigns were characterized by a modern, multidisciplinary approach. Influenced by rationalist architecture and modern art, Zveteremich hired young commercial designers with an avant-garde edge: Bruno Munari, Riccardo Ricas, Xanti Schawinsky, Erberto Carboni, Luigi Veronesi, Giovanni Pintori, Costantino Nivola, the architects Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini; and worked closely with typographer and art critic Guido Modiano.
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A small Jewish community also settled here. Morón was the site of a Radical Civic Union uprising in 1893, during which the National Autonomist Party city government was briefly deposed before federal troops restored the latter to office. The Rationalist City Hall, designed by Alejandro Bustillo and adorned with sculptures and bas- reliefs by José Fioravanti, was completed in 1939. Growth in the manufacturing sector led to the city's tripling in population between the 1947 and 1960 censuses, and in 1960, the private Universidad de Morón was established.
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The following list is confined to the best known of these works (and the most widely available editions): al- Istibṣār and Tahd̲h̲īb al-aḥkām, ed. al-Ḵh̲arsān, Nad̲j̲af, respectively 1375-6 and 1378–82, which form with the Kāfī of al-Kulaynī (329/949-1) and the Kitāb man lā yaḥd̓uruhu ʾl-faḳīh of Ibn Bābawayh al-Ṣadūḳ(381/991), the Four Canonical Books (al-kutub al-arbaʿa) of Imāmī ḥadīt̲h̲; al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Ḳurʾān (first great Imāmī rationalist commentary; ed. S̲h̲awḳī and ʿĀmilī, Nad̲j̲af 1376-83, 10 vols., with introd.
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The political culture would be secular, populist, and imbued with a kind of French rationalist vision of the state that was buoyant, touched with élan, even Napoleonic in spirit. Bourguiba then saw an idiosyncratic, eclectic future combining tradition and innovation, Islam with a liberal prosperity. Habib Bourguiba has been compared to Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal) of Turkey, as a unique national modernizing leader. Yet, what may be called an inclination to arbitrary methods when making government decisions, and to a kind of personality cult, detracted from Bourguiba's insight and substantial achievements.
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In "Désormais Venise" (2005), Dominique Muller evokes her passionate love affairs with Maurice Rheims. In 1999, she launched into the historical detective novel genre with a series whose hero is the doctor Florent Bonnevy, nicknamed Sauve-du-Mal, whose investigations take place under the Régence of Philippe, duc d'Orléans. A rationalist and follower of the ideas advocated by the Encyclopédistes, doctor Florent leaves his native Holland to settle in France. Having become a familiar of the Régent, who does not always trust him, he must hide his Jewish origins from his wife Justine.
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Lutheran Theology after 1580 article in Christian Cyclopedia Sophie Magdalene expressed her Pietist sentiment in 1737 by founding a Lutheran convent. Late orthodoxy was torn by influences from rationalism, philosophy based on reason, and Pietism, a revival movement in Lutheranism. After a century of vitality, the Pietist theologians Philipp Jakob Spener and August Hermann Francke warned that orthodoxy had degenerated into meaningless intellectualism and formalism, while orthodox theologians found the emotional and subjective focuses of Pietism to be vulnerable to Rationalist propaganda.Fuerbringer, L., Concordia Cyclopedia Concordia Publishing House. 1927. p.
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In July 2010, he wrote in the Wall Street Journal that "Islamism is a modern, instead of an ancient, political tendency, which arose in a spirit of fraternal harmony with the fascists of Europe in the 1930s and '40s." In Berman's interpretation, observers relying on modern liberal values have sometimes found it difficult to identify the anti-liberal and anti-rational quality of totalitarian movements. Berman proposed this argument and offered an explanation based on the concept of "rationalist naiveté" in Terror and Liberalism. He developed the argument further in The Flight of the Intellectuals.
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British empiricism marked something of a reaction to rationalist and system-building metaphysics, or speculative metaphysics as it was pejoratively termed. The skeptic David Hume famously declared that most metaphysics should be consigned to the flames (see below). Hume was notorious among his contemporaries as one of the first philosophers to openly doubt religion, but is better known now for his critique of causality. John Stuart Mill, Thomas Reid and John Locke were less skeptical, embracing a more cautious style of metaphysics based on realism, common sense and science.
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For example, the Jade Emperor, Yùhuáng, is a major actor in many myths. In Daoist-related mythology there is often a strong presence of sorcery and magic, such as spells, charms, magical abilities, and elixirs. The development of Daoism as it came to be called was a lengthy one, with various strands including both rationalist ethical philosophy and a magico-religious stand informed by mythology. As Daoism developed as a concept from its traditional roots in Chinese folk religion and mythology, its legitimacy was bolstered by claims of originating with Huangdi, the Yellow Emperor .
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Kolowrat was already a high ranking Rosicrucian, and the mystic Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel had a very low opinion of the rationalist higher grades of the Illuminati. The Prussian Rosicrucians, under Johann Christoph von Wöllner, began a sustained attack on the Illuminati. Wöllner had a specially engineered room in which he convinced potential patrons of the effectiveness of Rosicrucian "magic", and his order had acquired effective control of the "Three Globes" and its attached lodges. Through this mouthpiece, the Illuminati were accused of atheism and revolutionary tendencies.
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Quoted in Gorinov, "Foreword," pp. xxvi-xxvii. It was during his years at the Orël gymnasium that Preobrazhensky first became interested in politics, turning from the subjects taught in the classical gymnasium to reading newspapers, intellectual journals, history textbooks, and socially oriented novels.Gorinov, "Foreword," pg. xxvii. He also later claimed to have abandoned his belief in God at the age of 14 as the end result of his religious upbringing clashing with the pervasive rationalist philosophy which permeated the world of the Russian intelligentsia at the turn of the 20th century.
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Lucie, Lady Duff-Gordon by Henry W. Phillips (c. 1851) Lucie Austin commenced her literary life with translations, her earliest work being Barthold Niebuhr's Studies of Ancient Grecian Mythology, 1839. In 1844 she translated Wilhelm Meinhold's Mary Schweidler, the Amber Witch, a narrative dressed up as a 17th-century chronicle, and concocted to discredit rationalist methods of biblical criticism. In 1845 she published The French in Algiers, from the German and French of C. Lamping, and in 1846 Narrative of Remarkable Criminal Trials, by P. J. A. von Feuerbach.
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The Illuminati and rationalist Masons espoused the Enlightenment-inspired, humanist views proposed by the French philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Denis Diderot. For example, they contended that social rank was not coincident with nobility of the spirit, but that people of lowly class could be noble in spirit just as nobly born could be mean-spirited. This view appears in Mozart's operas; for example, in The Marriage of Figaro, an opera based on a play by Pierre Beaumarchais (another Freemason), the low-born Figaro is the hero and the Count Almaviva is the boor.
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Today it is one of the most emblematic structures of Forte dei Marmi, preserving the charm that Susanna Agnelli described in her autobiography We always wore sailor suits (1983). Today, the Villa Agnelli is one of the central areas of the Augustus Hotel & Resort complex, built in the '50s on the foundation of another famous mansion, constructed in the 1930s. The nucleus of the hotel was the Villa Pesenti, a jewel of modern architecture, designed in 1939 by renowned architect Osvaldo Borsani. It is a good example of rationalist architecture, embellished with typical Mediterranean finishes.
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In Jewish mystical thought (Kabbalah), the term "Godhead" usually refers to the concept of Ein Sof (אין סוף), the aspect of God that lies beyond the emanations (sefirot). The "knowability" of the Godhead in Kabbalistic thought is no better than what is conceived by rationalist thinkers. As Jacobs (1973) puts it: "Of God as He is in Himself—Ein Sof—nothing can be said at all, and no thought can reach there." There is a divergence of opinion among the kabbalists concerning the relation of the sefirot to the En Sof.
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Last isolated constructivist buildings were launched in 1933–1935, such as Panteleimon Golosov's Pravda building (finished 1935),Archive photo: the Moscow Textile Institute (finished 1938) or Ladovsky's rationalist vestibules for the Moscow Metro. Clearly Modernist competition entries were made by the Vesnin brothers and Ivan Leonidov for the Narkomtiazhprom project in Red Square, 1934, another unbuilt Stalinist edifice. Traces of Constructivism can also be found in some Socialist Realist works, for instance in the Futurist elevations of Iofan's ultra-Stalinist 1937 Paris Pavilion, which had Suprematist interiors by Nikolai Suetin.
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Medieval, rationalist Jewish philosophers (exponents of Hakirah–rational "investigation" from first principles in support of Judaism), such as Maimonides, describe Biblical monotheism to mean that there is only one God, and his essence is a unique, simple, infinite Unity. Jewish mysticism provides a philosophic paradox, by dividing God's Unity into God's essence and emanation. In Kabbalah and especially Hasidism, God's Unity means that there is nothing independent of his essence. The new doctrine in Lurianic Kabbalah of God's tzimtzum ("withdrawal") received different interpretations after Isaac Luria, from the literal to the metaphorical.
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"Disdain about the medieval past was especially forthright amongst the critical and rationalist thinkers of the Enlightenment. For them the Middle Ages epitomized the barbaric, priest-ridden world they were attempting to transform." Baruch Spinoza, Bernard Fontenelle, Kant, Hume, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Marquis De Sade and Rousseau were vocal in attacking the Middle Ages as a period of social regress dominated by religion, while Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire expressed contempt for the "rubbish of the Dark Ages".Gibbon, Edward (1788).
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A third rationalist theologian, Heinrich Paulus, wrote in works from 1802 onwards that he believed that Jesus had fallen into a temporary coma and somehow revived without help in the tomb. He was critical of the vision hypothesis and argued that the disciples must have believed that God had resurrected Jesus. Friedrich Schleiermacher endorsed a form of Paulus' theory in the early 1830s. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Movement, proposed a theory in his 1899 book Jesus in IndiaJesus in India by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.
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Ghazali begins the book with praise for God and importance of revelation. On one hand, he says, a person who is not guided by reason will misunderstand the revelation while on the other hand a rationalist may exceed the limits leading to rejection of the plain meaning of revelation. The right course, he says, is to reconcile reason with revelation, one that puts reason at the service of understanding and then interprets the revelation. Reason, together with the Revelation, is light upon light as mentioned in Quran chapter 24, verse 35.
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There are various theoretical frameworks to mitigate climate change. Frameworks are significant in that they provide a lens through which an argument can be addressed, and can be used to understand the possible angles from which to approach solving climate change. Frameworks in political science are used to think about a topic from various angles in order to understand different perspectives of the topic; common ones in international political science include rationalist, culturalist, marxist, and liberal institutionalist. See international relations theory for more frameworks through which problems can be analyzed.
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It is common in Torah study among Jews involved in Jewish Renewal. Some level of PaRDeS study can even be found in forms of Judaism that otherwise are strictly rationalist, such as Reconstructionist Judaism. However, non-Orthodox Jews generally spend less time in detailed study of the classical Torah commentators, and spend more time studying modern Torah commentaries that draw on and include the classical commentators, but which are written from more modern perspectives. Furthermore, works of rabbinic literature (such as the Talmud) typically receive less attention than the Tanakh.
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The term traditionism has also been used in the same sense,; although Binyamin Abrahamov reserves the term "traditionists" for scholars of hadith, distinguishing it from traditionalism as a theological current. Since the overwhelming majority of the Hanbali school of jurisprudence has adhered to traditionalist theology, some sources refer to it as Hanbali theology.; However, others note that some Shafi'i scholars also belonged to this theological movement, while some Hanbalites adopted a more rationalist theology.; Athari (from the Arabic word athar, meaning "remnant" or "narrative") is another term that has been used for traditionalist theology.
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La Fontaine website The house itself has now been converted into a museum, outside which stands the life-sized statue created by Bernard Seurre.Images de Picardie Inside the museum is Louis-Pierre Deseine’s head and shoulders clay bust of La Fontaine.Flickriver Further evidence of La Fontaine's enduring popularity is his appearance on a playing card from the second year of the French Revolution.Getty Images In this pack royalty is displaced by the rationalist free-thinkers known as Philosophes, and the ironical fabulist figures as the King of Spades.
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Christian Adolph Klotz was then able to secure him the chair in biblical antiquities at the University of Erfurt. As the post was unpaid and Bahrdt was now married, he made his actual living as an inn-keeper and from private tutoring. Once he completed his doctorate of theology at Erlangen, he was able to persuade the faculty at Erfurt to appoint him professor designate of theology and began reading lectures. His orthodoxy had by this time completely vanished: Bahrdt was now an extreme rationalist and determined to popularize the position.
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New emphasis was placed on previously unexplored themes, such as the depiction of Anarky as an atheist and a rationalist. Grant also expressed a desire to use the comic as a vehicle for his thoughts concerning the mind and consciousness, and made bicameralism a major theme of both series. While this trend led the character away from the philosophies he had espoused previously, the primary theme of the character remained anti-statism. In one issue of the 1999 series, a character asked what the nature of Anarky's politics were.
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Neology ("study of new [things]") was the name given to the rationalist theology of Germany or the rationalisation of the Christian religionNuttall. It was preceded by slightly less radical Wolffism. Chambers English Dictionary of 1872 adds the application of this term specifically to new theological doctrines, especially those arising from German Rationalism: which would have been by those who deprecated them. The Swedish encyclopaedia Nationalencyklopedin defines neology as a type of Protestant theology during the second half of 18th century, to large extent formed by ideas from the Enlightenment including British deismNationalencyklopedin .
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The Edificio Carrión or Edificio Capitol is a building in central Madrid, Spain. An outstanding example of the expressionist-leaning trend within the wider scope of rationalist architecture in Spain, the building has become an icon of both the Gran Vía and the city. 54-metre high, the building lies on the corner where the Gran Vía meets the , near Callao Square. The project was entrusted to Vicente Eced Eced and Luis Martínez Feduchi, who were influenced by the November Group and most specifically by Erich Mendelsohn's works.
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The Faculty of Philosophy and Letters is a building in Madrid, Spain, part of the Complutense University of Madrid's Moncloa Campus. An example of rationalist architecture, it was projected in 1931–32 by as the southern end of a closed compound intending to gather the academic disciplines of humanities of the Central University. The first part of the building was inaugurated in 1933. Figures such as Ortega y Gasset, Américo Castro, Manuel García Morente, Xavier Zubiri, María de Maeztu, Manuel Gómez-Moreno, Claudio Sánchez Albornoz and Elías Tormo taught at the building.
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Hugo's religious views changed radically over the course of his life. In his youth and under the influence of his mother, he identified as a Catholic and professed respect for Church hierarchy and authority. From there he became a non-practising Catholic and increasingly expressed anti-Catholic and anti-clerical views. He frequented spiritism during his exile (where he participated also in many séances conducted by Madame Delphine de Girardin) Extracts from meeting minutes published by in 1923 and in later years settled into a rationalist deism similar to that espoused by Voltaire.
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Rationalist philosopher Benedictus Spinoza (1632–1677) argued that ideas are the first element constituting the human mind, but existed only for actually existing things. In other words, ideas of non-existent things are without meaning for Spinoza, because an idea of a non-existent thing cannot exist. Further, Spinoza's rationalism argued that the mind does not know itself, except insofar as it perceives the "ideas of the modifications of body," in describing its external perceptions, or perceptions from without. On the contrary, from within, Spinoza argued, perceptions connect various ideas clearly and distinctly.
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Project for an Isaac Newton memorial by Étienne-Louis Boullée. The name Rationalism is retroactively applied to a movement in architecture that came about during the Age of Enlightenment (more specifically, Neoclassicism), arguing that architecture's intellectual base is primarily in science as opposed to reverence for and emulation of archaic traditions and beliefs. Rationalist architects, following the philosophy of René Descartes emphasized geometric forms and ideal proportions. The French Louis XVI style emerged in the mid-18th century with its roots in the waning interest of the Baroque period.
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The Neo-Concrete Movement (1959–61) was a Brazilian art movement, a group that splintered off from the larger Concrete Art movement prevalent in Latin America and in other parts of the world. The Neo-Concretes emerged from Rio de Janeiro’s Grupo Frente. They rejected the pure rationalist approach of concrete art and embraced a more phenomenological and less scientific art. Ferreira Gullar inspired Neo-Concrete philosophy through his essay “Theory of the Non-Object” (1959) and wrote the “Neo-Concrete Manifesto” (1959) which outlines what Neo-Concrete art should be.
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Under repressive Latin American governments, artists rebelled against the idea of aiding the political regime through figurative art; therefore geometric abstraction and concretism ushered in an art that did not connote anything political or have really any meaning at all. Concrete Art was able to flourish beneath these repressive regimes because it held no political messages or incendiary material. In Brazil, ideas of rationalist art and geometric abstraction arose in the early 1950s following the establishment of a democratic republic in 1946. The period from 1946 to 1964 is known as the Second Brazilian Republic.
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Dixon has sometimes been described as a product of his times; for example, he was a strong supporter of the White Australia policy, and was, as Philip James Ayres's biographical work shows, a classicist and rationalist, deeply sceptical in regard to all religions. With many of the leading Australian politicians in his time, notably Menzies, Dixon had a close working involvement. On occasion he gave advice to federal ministers regarding foreign policy matters. Dixon and his predecessor, Sir John Latham, were consulted by successive national governments on diplomatic and other international missions.
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Stein was born in New York to Jewish parents, and from an early age took an interest in science. He earned degrees in psychology and zoology, a doctorate in physiology from Ohio State University and master's degrees in Management and Library Science from University of Rochester, Adelphi College, and the University of California at Los Angeles. He was an author of books for secular humanist and rationalist publications, he also was a critic of claims of paranormal phenomena. Stein was an outspoken atheist and publicly debated Christian apologists such as Greg Bahnsen.
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Basava Premanand, founder-convener of FIRA The Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations was launched on 7 February 1997 following the 10th Kerala State Conference of Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham. The stated purpose of the organization is to coordinate the activities of the member organizations at the national level. Basava Premanand is the founder of the FIRA who died on 4 October 2009. Shortly before his death, Premanand put out a statement declaring his commitment to rationalism to prevent false rumors that he had turned to god on his deathbed.
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From 1972 to 1978, he was the curator of mammals at the Queensland Museum.Prof. Mike Archer (Australia) Honorary Associates of Rationalist International, retrieved 2009-08-08 Since 1983, he has been involved with the exploration of the Riversleigh fossil site in Queensland.Riversleigh fossils Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 2009-08-08 He is opposed to creationism and regularly engages in active debates with creationists. During his time as director of the Australian Museum, he was the initiator of attempts to clone the Thylacinus cynocephalus, the Tasmanian tiger, an animal extinct since 1936.
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Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard The Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard was also planned by the Italian Gherardo Bosio, during the Italian occupation of Albania also in a Rationalist style. Buildings are located along this boulevard, including several administrative buildings and financial buildings. It was created as part of a revamp of the Albanian capital in the late 1930s and 1940s. The street was created as part of a revamp of the Albanian capital in the 1930s and 1940s, for the rapidly growing city, which was concentrated in the north of the Lana river.
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He started as an expert on the Rationalist philosophy of Christian Wolff and later turned to Kant and Hegel. He was an attentive critic of modern immanentist philosophy, which drew him closer to certain aspect of phenomenology, especially the current represented by Edith Stein. He was also strongly influenced by the thought of the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset and, to a lesser extent, Miguel de Unamuno. He later developed an interest in psychology, particularly Sigmund Freud, to whom he kept a respectful disaccord, and Erik Erikson.
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Around this time,Singaravelar had shown growing willingness to combat social evils such as untouchability. The leading voice of the oppressed classes at the end of the 19th century was Iyothee Thass(also referred to as Pandit C. Ayodhya Dasa and Iyothi Thass) (1845–1914). He was born into a fisherman family(most backward caste) and had concluded that rationalist ideas of Buddhism could be used as a weapon against untouchability. He and other oppressed class people from Tamil Nadu decided thence forth to call themselves Buddhist, and live accordingly.
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In 2004, the Humanists of Florida Association named Jones “Humanist of the Year.” After spending several years on its executive committee, in 2006, Jones became the first vice-president of the International Humanist and Ethical Union, the worldwide umbrella group for humanist, atheist, rationalist, freethought, and ethical culture groups. He also represented the IHEU as a non-governmental organization delegate to the United Nations. In 2006, Jones received the Freethought Backbone Award in recognition of his commitment to the humanist movement and his role as founder and then-president of the Institute for Humanist Studies.
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Traditionalist Kabbalah and its development in Hasidic Judaism often took negative views of secular wisdoms. While some historical Kabbalists were learned in the canon of medieval Jewish philosophy, and occasionally mathematics and sciences, its relationship to medieval Jewish philosophy (built on Ancient Greek science and cosmology) was ambiguous. Kabbalistic dissemination began in the 12th century in order to stem the rationalist influence of Maimonides, in the context of controversies over his teachings. Nonetheless, philosophical terminology from Jewish philosophy, both Neoplatonic and Aristotelian, permeated the systems of Kabbalists, reinterpreted in mystical ways.
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101 and which was the mouthpiece for W. J. Miles, a leading member of the Rationalist Society. Mills' The Odinist Religion: Overcoming Jewish Christianity was published in 1939.Barbara Winter, The Australia First Movement, Glen House Books, Brisbane 2005 p. 44 In that work, Mills claimed (without evidence) that Nordic races had established the ancient civilisations of Sumer, Egypt, Persia, Greece, and Rome, but that they had been weakened by miscegenation with other races, and by the adoption of Christianity and its assumption that all humans were equal.
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In a career that lasted only 13 years, Terragni created a small but remarkable group of designs; most of them were built in Como, which was one of the centers of the Modern Movement in Italy. These works form the nucleus of the language of Italian rationalist or modernistic architecture. Terragni was also one of the leaders of the artistic group called "astrattisti comaschi" with Mario Radice and Manlio Rho, one of the most important events in Italian Modern Art. He also contributed to the 1932 Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution.
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After Independence, seven pillars had been erected in the memory of the seven martyrs, and a statue of Mother India with a baby in her arms had been installed at Ranarang Chowk. It was the domicile of doyen of several social and revolutionary moments viz. Non Bramin Movement 1920 (Suryadevara raghavaiah Chowdary), Rationalist movement 1940 (Kaviraju Sri Tripuraneni), Radical Humanist Movement 1950 (Sri M.N. Roy) etc. Drama and literature The city has been the host for events such as the formation of the 1929 Andhra Nataka Kala Parishad, the Kanyasulkam play, and cultural fests.
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He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political mores with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system. Empress Catherine the Great (reigned 1762–1796) presided over a golden age; she expanded the state by conquest, colonization and diplomacy, continuing Peter the Great's policy of modernization along Western European lines. Emperor Alexander II (1855–1881) promoted numerous reforms, most dramatically the emancipation of all 23 million serfs in 1861. His policy in Eastern Europe involved protecting the Orthodox Christians under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
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The technology, weaponry, and ideology of each culture is reflected in the magical abilities, hair colour, and world views of their descendants in the Recluce universe. Offspring can usually inherit magical abilities, and talent for both black order and white chaos appeared in the descendants of both groups, although one was generally favored over the other, if the other wasn't oppressed or shunned. The arrival of the Angels is described in Fall of Angels: a space warship, the Winterlance, is part of an Angel fleet attacking a Rationalist blockade. The Angels are losing.
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Before leaving the Academy, Jacobsen also travelled to Germany, where he became acquainted with the rationalist architecture of Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius. Their work influenced his early designs including his graduation project, an art gallery, which won him a gold medal. After completing architecture school, he first worked at city architect Poul Holsøe's architectural practice. In 1929, in collaboration with Flemming Lassen, he won a Danish Architect's Association competition for designing the "House of the Future" which was built full scale at the subsequent exhibition in Copenhagen's Forum.
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Pons Prades was born in the Raval neighborhood of Barcelona. His father, a cabinetmaker, was a Valencian immigrant and a member of the Federal Party of Spain, and founder of a woodworkers' union. His mother, Glòria Prades Núñez, also an immigrant from València, was a member of the Syndicalist Party, and became a member of the Generalitat de Catalunya through the friendship of Martí Barrera, a member of the government. As a young child, Pons enrolled in the Rationalist School, based on the philosophy of Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia.
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Gallifrey begins its wars against the Great Vampires during this period. Rassilon commands a fleet of Bowships that wins the first war and his rationalist movement gains popular and political support as a result. The rule of the Pythia is finally overthrown by Rassilon and two other scientists, Omega and "the Other", a mysterious figure whose actual name has been lost to history. This marks the start of the Intuitive Revolution, turning Gallifrey into a society based on rationality and a republic with an elected President, although a caste system remains.
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Volkmar, a modern rationalist preterist, pinpoints the start of the famine at year 44, which kept repeating right into the First Jewish–Roman War of 66. Ernest Renan (19th century) viewed year 68 as the most significant year of the famine. The famine was so severe that “mothers ate their children to survive”, while Jewish revolt leader, John of Gischala, and his men consumed the oil and wine that were luxury items from the Jerusalem temple. ;Historicist view The common historicist view of the Third Seal is associated with the 3rd century.
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The current underground station had been designed by the Lacroze Brothers with the intention of being a connection with the Buenos Aires Central Railway. The tunnels and parts of the original station are used for Line B to this day.Construcción de túneles de subte - EnElSubte, 24 August 2008 The current terminal was designed by Argentine architect Santiago Mayaud-Maisonneuve and his son Carlos in 1951, following the Rationalist style of architecture. It was inaugurated in 1957 and its construction financed by the state, as the railways were state-owned at the time.
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Many of the most important papers are freely available on his Selected Works site. Stone Sweet's research has had broad influence in both law and the social sciences. The 1996 paper, "Judicialization and the Construction of Governance" (published in 1999) developed a theory of "judicialization," explaining how judicial power emerges, institutionalizes, and impacts on markets and politics. The paper also made an important contribution to new institutional thinking in the social sciences, showing how rationalist and more sociological or constructivist approaches could (or must) be blended to explain macro- institutional change.
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Hejduk's rationalist views on architecture provided a way of revisiting Western modernism and gaining a richer appreciation than the reductive vision of it as a rationalized version of the traditionalist—yet ultra-modern—Japanese space. With his Western education and influences, Ban has become one of the forerunning Japanese architects who embrace the expression of Western and Eastern building forms and methods. Perhaps most influential from Hejduk was the study of the structure of architectural systems. Ban is most famous now for his innovative work with paper and cardboard tubing as a building material.
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Wang Shouren (26 October 1472 - 9 January 1529), courtesy name Bo'an, was a Chinese calligrapher, military general, philosopher, politician, and writer during the Ming dynasty. After Zhu Xi, he is commonly regarded as the most important Neo-Confucian thinker, with interpretations of Confucianism that denied the rationalist dualism of the orthodox philosophy of Zhu Xi. Wang was known as Yangming Xiansheng and/or Yangming Zi in literary circles; both mean "Master Yangming". In China, Japan, and Western countries, he is known by his honorific name rather than his private name.Chan, Wing-tsit.
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Gualino and Venturi supported local painters such as Felice Casorati and the Gruppo di Sei (Group of Six), which included Carlo Levi, Francesco Menzio, Jessie Boswell, Gigi Chessa, Enrico Paolucci and Nicola Galante. These artists could view works by Modigliani, considered pornographic at the time, that Gualino "hung serenely amidst his Titians and Botticellis." In 1930 Venturi organized a retrospective exhibition of Modigliani's work in Venice based on the paintings owned by Gualino. Gualino saw the Rationalist work of the architect Giuseppe Pagano in an exhibition in 1928.
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Over the years Selliers views evolved from emphasizing local political responsibility to an approach based more on social sciences and cost effectiveness. Sellier wanted Suresnes to become a city at whose gates "the prospective inhabitant ceases to be a worker and becomes once more a man." He became hugely popular as he transformed Suresnes into a model of modernist and rationalist urban planning. As soon as he took office as mayor of Suresnes in 1919 Sellier began to establish a system of social services with a special emphasis on the health of children.
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While in Paris, Ferrer became interested in education, which was a hot topic in anarchist and rationalist circles. Ferrer was captivated by Paul Robin's Prévost orphanage school in Cempuis, which modeled the school Ferrer would open. Robin's' co-educational "integral" program sought to develop the children's physical and intellectual capacities without coercion. He believed that social and economic environment played a larger role in a child's development than heredity, and so his school aimed to provide nature, exercise, love, and understanding, especially towards children normally subject to stigma.
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As a speaker, he was unpretentious and uncharismatic, but his sincerity and capacity for organization inspired others. Ferrer followed in a rough and ready Spanish tradition of extragovernment, rationalist education: the republicans and Fourierists schools (1840–50s), the anarchist and secularist schools (1870–80s), Paul Robin's Cempuis orphanage, Elías Puig (Catalonia), and José Sanchez Rosa (Andalusia). Ferrer's libertarian pedagogy also borrowed from 18th century rationalism, 19th century romanticism, and pedagogues including Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Kropotkin, and Tolstoy. This tradition pursued freewheeling liberties for children at the expense of conformity, regulation, and discipline.
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Laroui suggests that the Ifriqiya victory by the Maliki legal partisans was aided by a strategy of linking the more liberal Hanafi school to the rationalist doctrines of the Mu'tazili (an intellectual movement originating in Baghdad), which later became discredited. Ibid. at 120. Abu Hanifa (700-767) (founder of the Hanafi school) drew out fiqh that was perhaps better suited to its origin in Baghdad, a sophisticated imperial capital; while Malik ibn Anas (716-795) initiated the school bearing his name in the smaller, rural city of Medina.
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Alharizi was a rationalist, conveying the works of Maimonides and his approach to rationalistic Judaism. He translated Maimonides' Guide for the Perplexed and some of his Commentary on the Mishnah, as well as the Mahbarot Iti'el of the Arab poet al-Hariri, from the Arabic to Hebrew. Alharizi's poetic translation of the Guide for the Perplexed is considered by many to be more readable than that of Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon. However, it has not been very widely used in Jewish scholarship, perhaps because it is less precise.
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Iamblichus, in particular, presents the "Pythagorean Way of Life" as a pagan alternative to the Christian monastic communities of his own time. Two groups existed within early Pythagoreanism: the mathematikoi ("learners") and the akousmatikoi ("listeners"). The akousmatikoi are traditionally identified by scholars as "old believers" in mysticism, numerology, and religious teachings; whereas the mathematikoi are traditionally identified as a more intellectual, modernist faction who were more rationalist and scientific. Gregory cautions that there was probably not a sharp distinction between them and that many Pythagoreans probably believed the two approaches were compatible.
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Upon Rand's death on March 6, 1982, Peikoff inherited her estate, including the control of the copyrights to her books and writing (barring Anthem, in the public domain). Shortly after Rand's death, Peikoff's first book, The Ominous Parallels, was published. In 1983, Peikoff gave a series of lectures titled Understanding Objectivism, for the purpose of improving the methodology used in studying Objectivism, as a corrective to what he describes as the "Rationalist" and the "Empiricist" methods of thought. A high-quality bimonthly philosophical journal, The Objectivist Forum, was published from 1980 to 1987.
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A series of articles published in the journal Critical Inquiry (1991) served as a manifesto for the movement of critical constructivism in various disciplines, including the natural sciences. Not only truth and reality, but also "evidence", "document", "experience", "fact", "proof", and other central categories of empirical research (in physics, biology, statistics, history, law, etc.) reveal their contingent character as a social and ideological construction. Thus, a "realist" or "rationalist" interpretation is subjected to criticism. Kincheloe's political and pedagogical notion (above) has emerged as a central articulation of the concept.
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Logo. The Union of Freethinkers of Finland (, )International Humanist and Ethical Union - Our members - Vapaa-ajattelijain liitto ry (the Union of Freethinkers of Finland) is the largest secularist and freethought organisation in Finland. The organisation supports the rights of those Finns who hold no religious affiliation, and promotes a science-based, rational and critical world view and humanistic ethics.Freethought in Finland, by Esa Ylikoski, General Secretary in Rationalist International Conference 23-24 April 2016 Tallinn. The organisation was founded in 1937 under the name the Union of Civil Register Associations ().
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In the same year, she joined the New Zealand Rationalist Association, also based in Auckland. Due to Women's International League for Peace and Freedom sponsorship, Miriam was able to attend a Commonwealth women's conference in London (1936-7), where women's nationality and immigration rights were debated. In 1939, Miriam and Peter were divorced, but she found that she was still classed as a foreign national, despite her New Zealand birth and her divorced marital status. Back in New Zealand, she served as a journalist and contributor to Women Today, a thirties feminist journal.
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The Australia First Movement was a fascist movement, founded in October 1941. It grew out of the Rationalist Association of New South Wales and the Victorian Socialist Party, and was led by former Rhodes scholar Percy Stephensen. Writers Xavier Herbert, Miles Franklin and Eleanor Dark were involved with the organisation, which was inspired by the activities of retired businessman, William John Miles, who had campaigned during the 1930s under the "Australia First" slogan. Between 1936 and 1942, Miles published 16 volumes of a newsletter titled The Publicist, to which he contributed.
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Snyder, Mearsheimer's World, 171–172. Additionally, Toft points out that Mearsheimer's concentration on military capabilities and issuing state capacity for territorial conquest "implies a risk that his analyses miss a host of other ways of gaining and exercising influence".Toft, John J. Mearsheimer, 384. Similarly, political scientists whose primary focus is bargaining models of international conflict note that offensive neorealism ignores the fact that war is costly.On Bargaining Theory see David A. Lake, "Two Cheers for Bargaining Theory: Assessing Rationalist Explanations of the Iraq War," International Security 35:3 (2010/11): 15.
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But Elliott grasped that the prophets, of whom John is one, saw the end-product of an historical theology as being poetry. Elliott wrote to support the supernatural inspiration of scripture against rationalist attacks from within the Protestant faith. He believed that if he could show "the fulfilment of Apocalyptic prophecy in the history of Christendom since St John's time"Rev E. B. Elliott Horae Apocalypticae London: Seeley, Jackson & Halliday 5th ed (1862) Vol 1 p. vii. The prefaces to the various editions are materially different and do not merely update his original remarks.
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Asmara was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2017, becoming the first modernist city anywhere to be listed in its entirety. The inscription taking place during the 41st World Heritage Committee Session. The city has thousands of Art Deco, futurist, modernist, and rationalist buildings, constructed during the period of Italian Eritrea. The city, nicknamed "La piccola Roma" ("Little Rome"), is located over 2000 meters above sea level, and was an ideal spot for construction due to the relatively cool climate; architects used a combination of both Italian and local materials.
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Rationalist diocesan chapter begun to dislike Hedberg's activity because of his Pietism and he was transferred first to Paimio 1838 and 1840 as prison chaplain in Oulu. In 1842 he became temporary curate in Replot and in 1843 parish priest in Pöytyä. In 1853 he became vicar in Kaarina, and in 1862 vicar at Kimito Church in Kimito. Gradually, Hedberg discovered Lutheranism without any "order of salvation" from Martin Luther's postil and abandoned Pietism including books of Arndt and Spener among others, which had formerly been his spiritual authorities.
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In general, his approach combined rationalist enlightenment principles with a romantic commitment to the cause of the nation and positivist methodology to produce a highly-authoritative history of his native land and people. Hrushevsky also wrote a multi-volume History of Ukrainian Literature, an Outline History of the Ukrainian People and a very popular Illustrated History of Ukraine, which appeared in both Ukrainian and Russian editions. In addition, he wrote numerous specialised studies in which he displayed a very acute critical acumen. His personal bibliography has over 2000 separate titles.
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These blocks were built into a reticular system, composed by austere buildings in clear rationalist style, such as the impressive Hotel Principi di Piemonte and the former Hotel Nazionale in Piazza CLN. Porches are built in a continuous entablature and marked with double columns, to be consistent with those of Piazza San Carlo. The section of the street between Piazza San Carlo and Piazza Castello was built in eclectic style, with arcades characterised by Serliana-type arches. To this day Via Roma is the street featuring the most fashionable boutiques of the city.
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The rationalist version of ethical intuitionism models ethical intuitions on a priori, non-empirically-based intuitions of truths, such as basic truths of mathematics. Take for example the belief that two minus one is one. This piece of knowledge is often thought to be non- inferential in that it is not grounded in or justified by some other proposition or claim. Rather, one who understands the relevant concepts involved in the proposition that two minus one is one has what one might call an "intuition" of the truth of the proposition.
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One intuits the truth of the proposition, rather than inferring it. Likewise, the ethical intuitionist claims that basic moral truths—whether they are principles (such as don't kill people) or judgments (such as it is wrong to kill people)—are known without inference, and in particular they are known via one's rational intuition. Some rationalist ethical intuitionists characterize moral "intuitions" as a species of belief (for example, Audi, 2005, pp. 33–6) that are self-evident in that they are justified simply by virtue of one's understanding of the proposition believed.
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Empirical evidence is information that verifies the truth (which accurately corresponds to reality) or falsity (inaccuracy) of a claim. In the empiricist view, one can claim to have knowledge only when based on empirical evidence (although some empiricists believe that there are other ways of gaining knowledge). This stands in contrast to the rationalist view under which reason or reflection alone is considered evidence for the truth or falsity of some propositions. Empirical evidence is information acquired by observation or experimentation, in the form of recorded data, which may be the subject of analysis (e.g.
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Zizioulas worked on the theology of the person, appealing to the work of St Irenaeus and St Maximus the Confessor. The primary focus of his work was to develop his own ontology of personhood derived from an extensive investigation of Greek philosophy, patristic era writings and modern rationalist philosophy. He argues that full humanity is achieved only as person so that they may participate (koinonia) in the Trinitarian life of God. However, an essential component of the ontology of personhood is the freedom to self-affirm the participation in relationship.
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Frazer, following Sydney Ahlstrom, characterizes Jefferson as a "theistic rationalist" rather than a deist because Jefferson believed in God's continuing activity in human affairs. See See See Thomas Paine is especially noteworthy both for his contributions to the cause of the American revolution and to the cause of deism. His The Age of Reason (Parts I and II in 1794 and 1795) was short, readable, and is probably the only deist tract that continues to be read, and to be influential, today.In its own time it earned Paine widespread vilification.
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The story takes place about a year after the previous book on Nam Chorios, a backwater world in the Outer Rim which infamously was the center of the Death Seed Plague centuries ago. It is now home to a fanatic religious cult which is plotting to use a new weapon system of quasi-intelligent crystals as unstoppable, unmanned starfighters to attack the New Republic. Leia unofficially goes on a trip to meet with Seti Ashgad, the leader of the Rationalist Party. Luke Skywalker is there after receiving a message from Callista.
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Samkhya is the oldest of the orthodox philosophical systems in Hinduism, with origins in the 1st millennium BCE.Sharma, C. (1997). A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, , p.149 It is a rationalist school of Indian philosophy, and had a strong influence on other schools of Indian philosophies.Roy Perrett, Indian Ethics: Classical traditions and contemporary challenges, Volume 1 (Editor: P Bilimoria et al), Ashgate, , pages 149-158 Sāmkhya is an enumerationist philosophy whose epistemology accepted three of six pramāṇas as the only reliable means of gaining knowledge.
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A belief system is the set of interrelated beliefs held by an individual or society. It can be thought of as a list of beliefs or axioms that the believer considers true or false. A belief system is similar to a worldview, but is based around conscious beliefs. Belief systems became increasingly important to 20th century philosophy for a number of reasons, such as widespread contact between cultures, and the failure of some aspects of the Enlightenment project, such as the rationalist project of attaining all truth by reason alone.
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Crews was a prominent participant in the "Freud wars" of the 1980s and 1990s, a debate over the reputation, scholarship and impact on the 20th century of Freud, who founded psychoanalysis. Crews has published a variety of skeptical and rationalist essays, including book reviews and commentary for The New York Review of Books, on a variety of topics including Freud and recovered memory therapy, some of which were published in The Memory Wars (1995). Crews has also published successful handbooks for college writers, such as The Random House Handbook.
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Greek society was the first to celebrate the thinker, the rationalist and this questioning attitude became a hallmark of Western Civilization. Boorstin especially praises Aristotle for his searching and curious mind, his introduction of classification and his nascent hints at modern science. But more than that he state, I admire his appeal to common sense and experience. His academy was a place where people collected information about their world and...came to conclusions... Gergen, David Online Newshour:The Seekers Christianity merged the Prophet and Philosopher creating theology and a new society.
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Trent and Wells:126 His map of New England, which was published posthumously, was, at least in part, the basis for every map of New England published over the following fifty years. Douglass did not always fit in well with Boston society. He was a self-proclaimed "rationalist", and quickly joined in the growing dissent against official Puritanism in Boston.Trent and Wells:ix-x, 125 He was probably a member of the group of freethinkers (the "hell fire club") that contributed to The New-England Courant published by James Franklin.
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The ideal parameters for the artistic work were simplicity and a sense of measure and beauty. Common to all the poets was the desire to oppose the poetry of the Marinists, and return to classic poetry, embracing also the recent rationalist influence of Descartes. Norms and rituals of the academy took their cue from classic and pastoral mythology, as in the custom of assuming 'pastoral' names; (Crescimbeni, for example, chose that of Alfesibeo Cario). The fourteen founder members included the librettist Silvio Stampiglia and the poet Vincenzo Leonio.
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He published the popular Manual of the Historical Development of Art (1876), and later more general historical works (The Science of History, 1879; Studies in the Science of General History, 1887-9; and Evolution in History, Language and Science) which were modelled on Hegel, Gobineau and Taine. According to Joseph McCabe, he gave "agnostic and strongly worded" Rationalist lectures to the London Sunday Lecture Society: his published efforts in this direction included Natural Phenomena and their Influence on Different Religious Systems (1873); Dogma and Science (1876); and The Spontaneous Dissolution of Ancient Creeds (1876).
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He does not think of God as a being that exists in time and space, because that constrains God, and makes God finite. But all beings are finite, and if God is the Creator of all beings, God cannot logically be finite since a finite being cannot be the sustainer of an infinite variety of finite things. Thus God is considered beyond being, above finitude and limitation, the power or essence of being itself. From a nontheistic, naturalist, and rationalist perspective, the concept of divine grace appears to be the same concept as luck.
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Four main approaches to classification may be distinguished: (1) logical and rationalist approaches including "essentialism"; (2) empiricist approaches including cluster analysis (It is important to notice that empiricism is not the same as empirical study, but a certain ideal of doing empirical studies. With the exception of the logical approaches they all are based on empirical studies, but are basing their studies on different philosophical principles). (3) Historical and hermeneutical approaches including Ereshefsky's "historical classification" and (4) Pragmatic, functionalist and teleological approaches (not covered by Ereshefsky). In addition there are combined approaches (e.g.
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One part of the rationalist viewpoint associated with modernity and science is to contrast qualitatively different phenomena under transformation through quantitative ratios, with the aim of uncovering any constancy amidst the transformation change. Like the efficiency ratio, transformity is quantitatively defined by a simple input- output ratio. However the transformity ratio is the inverse of efficiency and involves both indirect and direct energy flows rather than simply direct input-output energy ratio of energy efficiency. This is to say that it is defined as the ratio of emergy input to energy output.
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According to Townsend Hoopes, throughout his long career, Acheson displayed: :exceptional intellectual power and purpose, and tough inner fiber. He projected the long lines and aristocratic bearing of the thoroughbred horse, a self-assured grace, an acerbic elegance of mind, and a charm whose chief attraction was perhaps its penetrating candor....[He] was swift-flowing and direct.... Acheson was perceived as an 18th century rationalist ready to apply an irreverent wit to matters public and private. Townsend Hoopes, "God and John Foster Dulles" Foreign Policy No. 13 (Winter, 1973-1974), pp.
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Aerial view of the building, with the face of Eva Perón. The Ministry of Public Works Building (), now known as the Ministry of Health Building () is a public building in the rationalist style located on the intersection of 9 de Julio Avenue and Belgrano Avenue, in the neighborhood of Monserrat, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. On both the north and south walls is a large steel image of María Eva Duarte de Perón, better known as Evita Perón. Her official portrait faces the south while the image to the north depicts her giving a passionate speech.
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The fight from within against the Inquisition was almost always clandestine. The first texts that questioned the Inquisition and praised the ideas of Voltaire or Montesquieu appeared in 1759. After the suspension of pre-publication censorship on the part of the Council of Castile in 1785, the newspaper El Censor began the publication of protests against the activities of the Holy Office by means of a rationalist critique. Valentin de Foronda published Espíritu de los Mejores Diarios, a plea in favour of freedom of expression that was avidly read in the salons.
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Out of the early 20th century rationalist architecture of Berlage, architect of the Beurs van Berlage, three separate groups developed during the 1920s, each with their own view on which direction modern architecture should take. Expressionist architects like M. de Klerk and P.J. Kramer in Amsterdam (See Amsterdam School). Functionalist architects (Nieuwe Zakelijkheid or Nieuwe Bouwen) like Mart Stam, L.C. van der Vlugt, Willem Marinus Dudok and Johannes Duiker had good ties with the international modernist group CIAM. A third group came out of the De Stijl movement, among them J.J.P Oud and Gerrit Rietveld.
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For Descartes, ethics was a science, the highest and most perfect of them. Like the rest of the sciences, ethics had its roots in metaphysics. In this way, he argues for the existence of God, investigates the place of man in nature, formulates the theory of mind–body dualism, and defends free will. However, as he was a convinced rationalist, Descartes clearly states that reason is sufficient in the search for the goods that we should seek, and virtue consists in the correct reasoning that should guide our actions.
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The limitations of our ability to understand and learn from the past notwithstanding, it is still possible, he argues to reconstruct past events. Evans suggests that the spread in the 1980s and 1990s of post-modernist theories, which declare that history is solely the construct of the historian and depict the rationalist tradition of the West as a form of oppression, was not necessarily left-wing or progressive: by denying the possibility of accessing past facts, it had also done much to increase the appeal of Holocaust denial..
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The second chapter examines the community's conceptions of the otherworld, explaining how they approach it through acts of visualisation and altered states of consciousness and their understandings of it as a realm of spiritual energy connected to dreams and the imagination. Discussing the relationship between anthropology and magic, Greenwood argues that it is impossible for anthropologists to truly understand beliefs regarding magic and the otherworld if they only view it through a western rationalist lens, instead arguing for a phenomenological or relativist perspective that accepts alternative views of the world.Greenwood 2000. pp. 23-47.
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He is vice president of the Sri Lanka Numismatic Society, and the Archaeological Society of Sri Lanka. He is ex-co member of the Internet Society of Sri Lanka and the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. He is a Trustee of the National Trust of Sri Lanka. He is a life member of the Sri Lanka Rationalist Association, the Sri Lanka Philatelic Society, and the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science of which he was the Chairman, Committee for the Popularization of Science in 2007.
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The Indian rationalist Sanal Edamaruku was invited to investigate by TV9 of Mumbai with the consent of the church authorities. He went with an engineer to the site where the alleged miracle had happened, and traced the source of the drip to the rear side. Edamaruku found that the water was seeping through the feet because of capillary action and faulty plumbing. Moisture on the wall where the statue was mounted seemed to be coming from an overflowing drain, which was in turn fed by a pipe that issued from a nearby toilet.
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Cherbonnier, E. La B., "Abstract - A. J. Heschel and the Philosophy of the Bible: Mystic or Rationalist?", Commentary (January 1959) During his undergraduate years, when associated with Harvard’s Winthrop House, (one of twelve undergraduate residences)"Cherbonnier elected next P.B.H. President", The Harvard Crimson, March 08, 1938 he was elected President of the Phillips Brooks House Association (a student-run public service organization). He was a member of the Winthrop House Committee and the Harvard Glee Club, and an active participant for several years in social service work at the Phillips Brooks House Association.
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Buddhadasa rejected the traditional rebirth and karma doctrine, since he thought it to be incompatible with sunyata, and not conducive to the extinction of dukkha. Buddhadasa, states John Powers – a professor of Asian Studies and Buddhism, offered a "rationalist interpretation" and thought "the whole question of rebirth to be foolish". According to Buddhadasa, the Buddha taught 'no-self' (Skt anatman, Pali anatta), which denies any substantial, ongoing entity or soul. Powers quotes Buddhadasa view as, "because there is no one born, there is no one who dies and is reborn".
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The story of "The Debate on the Joy of Fish" is a well-known anecdote that has been compared to the Socratic dialogue tradition of ancient Greece. The exact point made by Zhuangzi in this debate is not entirely clear. The story seems to make the point that "knowing" a thing is simply a state of mind, and that it is not possible to determine if that knowing has any objective validity. This story has been cited as an example of Zhuangzi's linguistic mastery, as he subtly uses reason to make an anti-rationalist point.
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He resigned from this position in 1979 following a special meeting of the Society to consider a paper by Albert Lovecy and vote on the motion "that the Society has no theistic creed and does not practise worship". Peter Cadogan managed to have the motion amended to "does not practise worship of a deity" and it was passed. Walter remarked "many people ... have joined the society as part of their rejection of religion". Walter was editor of the Rationalist Press Association's magazine New Humanist from February 1975 until July 1984, when Jim Herrick took over.
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Joseph Needham (1900–1995), a late Professor from the University of Cambridge and author of the groundbreaking Science and Civilisation in China series, stated that the "Han time (especially the Later Han) was one of the relatively important periods as regards the history of science in China."Needham (1972), 111. He noted the advancements during Han of astronomy and calendrical sciences, the "beginnings of systematic botany and zoology", as well as the philosophical skepticism and rationalist thought embodied in Han works such as the Lunheng by the philosopher Wang Chong (27–100 CE).
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Wollaston claimed originality for his theory that the moral evil is the practical denial of a true proposition and moral good the affirmation of it, writing that this attempt to use mathematics to create a rationalist ethics was "something never met with anywhere". Wollaston "held that religious truths were plain as Euclid, clear to all who contemplated Creation."Porter, p. 112 Newton had induced natural laws from a mathematical model of the physical world; similarly, Wollaston was attempting to induce moral laws by a mathematical model of the moral world.
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The legacy of this foundation is carried on by two religious congregations of women who serve throughout the world. Working from his tradition of Carmelite spirituality, Palau tried to promote the need of basing the spiritual life on recognizing and returning God's love, as opposed to the rationalist doctrines of the theology of his day. He was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1988. One of his spiritual followers was his great-niece, Teresa of Jesus Jornet, who founded a religious congregation of Carmelite Sisters dedicated to caring for the poor aged.
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Eclecticism eventually gave way to a more rationalist style of Art Nouveau in Riga, characterised by marked vertical compositions of the facades, and geometrical ornaments integrated into the overall architectural composition. The structure of the buildings also shifted into an essentially modern quality where the exterior reflects the layout of the interior, rather than being a facade without any rational connection with the structural layout of the building as was the case earlier. Asymmetrical facades became more common. More attention was also given to the choice of materials, and the decor more highly stylised.
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Antonia Rufina Maymón Giménez (18 July 1881 - 20 December 1959) was a Spanish rationalist pedagogue, militant naturist, anarchist, and feminist who published books on various topics. Antonia Rufina Maymón Giménez was born on July 18, 1881 in Madrid, Spain to a family from Aragon. She studied to be a teacher in the 'Escuela Normal Femenina' of Zaragoza, a city where she also married professor Lorenzo Lagoon, an anarchist. For her membership in the National Committee against the war in Morocco, she was tried and convicted, along with Teresa Claramunt and Josefa Lopez.
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The group who had organized the exhibition, including Eugen Filotti supported a modernist, rationalist, democratic trend and wanted to promote a spiritual interaction with the rest of the world. On the opposite side, the adherents of different traditionalist movements, which had also emerged after World War I, did not refrain to exacerbate nationalistic and mystical expressions in art and culture. While the nationalistic movements had not evolved into the extremism of the 1930s, and the antagonism was still kept at an intellectual level, modernists perceived them already as a potential danger.
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The earliest house is at 8 Everett Avenue, built in 1880, in the Colonial Revival style, which predominated in construction until the advent of the 20th century. One of the finest examples of this style is the Smith-designed Chadwick House at 24 Everett Avenue, combining stucco walls with brick trim on the corners and window trim. Houses built in the 20th century tended by be either Neo-Rationalist, Tudor Revival, or Craftsman in their styling. Many houses in this time were designed either by Dexter Blaikie, Phineas Nickerson, or both in partnership.
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Polish Association of Free Thought (PAFT) () is a secular movement, appointed in 1926 for a group of former activists of the Polish Association of Freethinkers. Chairman was Zygmunt Radliński in the board entered: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Józef Landau. In June 1930 PAFT organized in Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals (under the leadership of T. Kotarbinski), which primary aim was to deepen the theoretical principles of free thought and to create a center, grouping intellectuals – thinkers from around the country. From October 1930 to December 1935 Circle seemed own monthly magazine "Rationalist" edited by Józef Landau.
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According to the radical German rationalist and spiritualist Joh. Chr. Edelmann in his Confession of Faith (1746) the Matthean earthquake had buried the body and therefore it was lost. Edelmann combined his lost body hypothesis with a spiritual view on Jesus’ resurrection. :“As to the last circumstance, which only Matthew mentions, I admit that the body of Lord Jesus in his grave could have been buried in such a way, that it could not have been found anywhere.”Joh. Chr. Edelmann, “Abgenöthigtes, jedoch Andern nicht wieder aufgenöthigtes Glaubens-Bekenntniß”, (1746), p.
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Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated according to the successive intellectual movements which have identified with it.Nicolas Walter's HumanismWhat's in the Word (London: Rationalist Press Association, 1997 ) gives an account of the evolution of the meaning of the word humanism from the point of view of a modern secular humanist. A similar perspective, but somewhat less polemical, appears in Richard Norman's On Humanism (Thinking in Action) (London: Routledge: 2004).
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One of the horses rode by Ramachandran was Sundaram's own. In one particular scene, Ramachandran objected to the dialogue where he had to swear in the name of Allah, as he was then associated with the rationalist Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He suggested that the dialogue be changed to swearing in the name of his mother, but was finally asked by the director to use the original dialogue. When only a song and a fight sequence were left to be finished, Ramachandran could not appear for the shoot, since he had another film to shoot for.
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Impression of the metallic brise soleil seen from the inside out The building was constructed from 1981 to 1987 and has floor space of . The Architecture- Studio together with Jean Nouvel, won the 1981 design competition. This project is a result of funds from both the League of Arab States and the French government, with the cost of the building totaling around €230,000,000. The building acts as a buffer zone between the Jussieu Campus of Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris VI), built in large rationalist urban blocks, and the Seine.
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The encyclopedia shows severe censorship. As is stated in the foreword, the encyclopedia is "based on rationalist and materialist assumptions" and reflects the worldview of the "socialist ideology". About 2000 authors, 1000 reviewers, and almost 100 editors were supervised by the Scientific Board appointed by the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and the Ministry of Higher Education, and headed by Professor Tadeusz Kotarbiński. The initiative to write the WEP was taken by PWN in July 1957 when it was decided that an 8-volume (later expanded to 12 volumes) universal encyclopedia would be published.
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Similar intolerance was displayed to the Jewish population in Bohemia and surrounding areas under the Familianten (Familiantengesetze) in 1726 and 1727. Worse would have followed had there not also been a realisation that there were economic consequences and that some accommodation was required to the more rationalist ideas of western Europe. Among these was cameralism which encouraged economic self- sufficiency in the nation state. Thus domestic industries such as the Linzer Wollzeugfabrik were founded and encouraged, but often such ideas were subjugated by vested interests such as aristocracy and church.
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Testa was one of the leaders of the Argentine rationalist movement and one of the pioneers of the brutalist movement in Argentina. His style as an architect has always been influenced by his artistic nature, with projects dominated by the effects of colour, tension, metaphors and plasticity; these aspects are well illustrated in his designs for the Biblioteca Nacional de la República Argentina and the Banco de Londres building in Buenos Aires. He was member of the international jury which chose Carlos Ott as the architect for the Opera Bastille in Paris. Testa died, aged 89, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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To this day an outstanding and perhaps unique collection of modern buildings gives impressive insight into the world of Italian modernist architecture of the 1920s and 1930s. In particular, the avant-garde buildings, which were created between 1935 and 1941 and were designed and realized according to rationalist principles, are looking for their equals across the world. But equally important for the time of the Duce was the policy of racial segregation, especially in Asmara, which was refined in the urban development plans and which led to a complete separation of natives and occupiers by the end of the 1930s.
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The Indian Rationalist Association observed that individuals making similar claims in the past have been exposed as frauds. In 2010, the prominent scientific sceptic James Randi criticized the studies performed by the Indian government, citing insufficient scrutiny of the subject. He also proposed that if Prahlad Jani could prove his claims, he would receive the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge prize. In September 2010, Dr. Shah announced that scientists from Austria and Germany had offered to visit India to carry out further research on Jani, and scientists from the United States had also offered to join the research.
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The book discusses in detail notions like "leap of faith" (or, to be more precise, "leap to faith") and "indirect communication". In other words, Kierkegaard emphasizes the idea that belief in God cannot and should not be rational in the sense that it cannot possibly be proved conclusively that God exists or that Christianity is true. In fact, Kierkegaard discounts the idea that a systematic Christian theology is possible. In this sense Kierkegaard (to the extent we could claim that he shared the views of the book's pseudonymous author) shared the anti- rationalist stance of Kant, the influential 18th-century philosopher.
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After completing his preliminary studies, in 408/1017 he left Khorasan, fundamentally Shafi'i and to an increasing degree controlled by the G̲h̲aznawid Maḥmūd, in favour of Baghdad, where the Shia Buwayhids were dominant. There, he studied under leading Imāmī masters including Abu ʾl-Ḥasan Ibn Abī Ḏj̲ūd, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Mūsā al-Ahwāzī, al-G̲h̲ad̓āʾirī, Ibn ʿAbdūn, and, in particular, the powerful doyen of Imāmī rationalists permeated by Muʿtazilī dialectic, al-S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ al-Mufīd [q.v.], of whom hequickly became, in spite of his youth, one of the favourite pupils (on the rationalist evolution of Imāmism, see Amir Moezzi, 1992, 15-48).
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Dimitrije "Dositej" Obradović (Serbian Cyrillic: Димитрије Обрадовић, ; 17 February 1739 – 7 April 1811) was a Serbian writer, philosopher, dramatist, librettist, translator, linguist, traveler, polyglot and the first minister of education of Serbia. An influential protagonist of the Serbian national and cultural renaissance, he advocated Enlightenment and rationalist ideas while remaining a Serbian patriot and an adherent of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Founder of modern Serbian literature, he is commonly referred to by his mononym, first name alone. He became a monk in the Serbian Orthodox monastery of Hopovo, in the Srem region, and acquired the name Dositej (Dositheus).
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Although individual human beings obviously vary due to cultural, racial, linguistic and era-specific influences, innate ideas are said to belong to a more fundamental level of human cognition. For example, the philosopher René Descartes theorized that knowledge of God is innate in everybody as a product of the faculty of faith. Other philosophers, most notably the empiricists, were critical of the theory and denied the existence of any innate ideas, saying all human knowledge was founded on experience, rather than a priori reasoning. Philosophically, the debate over innate ideas is central to the conflict between rationalist and empiricist epistemologies.
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36 Early in the 1930s, Cioculescu nominated Gândirea, alongside its partners Curentul and Cuvântul, as a partisan of a dogmatic Orthodoxy "plagued by nullification". According to Ornea's assessment, Cioculescu also shared the belief that Orthodoxy could not support national specificity, since it was closely related to the global Eastern Orthodox Church, and not limited geographically to Romanian-inhabited areas.Ornea (1995), p.79, 106, 147–148 In this context, Cioculescu's main grievance against Eliade was the latter's rejection of rationalist approaches, as well as Eliade's exclusive focus on the Romanian Orthodox Church as a vehicle of Romanian spirituality.
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Speaking about the latter trend, Lovinescu underlined that the objective of his opponents was in overshadowing the "Roman background" of Romanian culture (see Protochronism). Cioculescu himself is also credited with having referred to such interpretations as tracomanie ("Thracomania").Mihăilescu, p.178, 203 His role in combating these phenomenons was acknowledged by Eugène Ionesco, who mentioned his former rival among the critics who preserved the "modernist, Westernized, rationalist" line from a traditionalist one which blended echoes from Iorga's Sămănătorul magazine with mystical or anti-Western messages (and whom Ionesco identified with Nae Ionescu, Vasile Pârvan, Lucian Blaga, Emil Cioran and Constantin Noica).
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At all costs, Weishaupt wished to keep the existence of the order secret from the Rosicrucians, who already had a considerable foothold in German Freemasonry. While clearly Protestant, the Rosicrucians were anything but anticlerical, were pro- monarchic, and held views clearly conflicting with the Illuminati vision of a rationalist state run by philosophers and scientists. The Rosicrucians were not above promoting their own brand of mysticism with fraudulent seances. A conflict became inevitable as the existence of the Illuminati became more evident, and as prominent Rosicrucians, and mystics with Rosicrucian sympathies, were actively recruited by Knigge and other over-enthusiastic helpers.
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Pythagoras was one of the first Western philosophers to stress rationalist insight. He is often revered as a great mathematician, mystic and scientist, but he is best known for the Pythagorean theorem, which bears his name, and for discovering the mathematical relationship between the length of strings on lute and the pitches of the notes. Pythagoras "believed these harmonies reflected the ultimate nature of reality. He summed up the implied metaphysical rationalism in the words "All is number". It is probable that he had caught the rationalist's vision, later seen by Galileo (1564–1642), of a world governed throughout by mathematically formulable laws".
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" Tahhan believes in a rationalist approach to the Quran, which he believes means accepting "that each era, with its [particular] methods and discoveries, presents its own reading of the Koran, and this is the way it will be until the end of days." In doing so he came into conflict with what he calls the "orthodox approach" to the Quran. He believes that over time in the Muslim community the Sunna has "become an indispensable supplement to the Koran, to the point that it superseded the Koran." He finds this "tendency to supplement the Koran with the Sunna ... questionable.
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The continuing influence of Cartesian thought reinforces the last factor. Natural religion had been combined with Cartesianism in large number of rationalist but Christian works, and in writers such as Gilbert and the Militaire philosophe this combination accounts for the positive side of their deism. Gueudeville, Lahontan and the Militaire philosophe all traveled and witnessed and experienced the conflicts produced by dogmatic intolerance backed by the resources of the nation-state. After 1715, the early works of Montesquieu and Voltaire represent both a conclusion of this first period of French deism and the beginning of the Enlightenment.
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G. R. Cragg in his study Reason and Authority in the Eighteenth Century, explains how the rule of reason, Newtonian science and French neoclassicism led to the development of modern thought. He argues that while everyone was a religious rationalist, confident of proving Christianity by solid evidences, the real deists were few and scandalous. They were assured of a hearing in the tolerant atmosphere of post-Revolution England, and the orthodox welcomed the challenge to defend their religion with the weapons of logic and science. They reckoned without the bewildering problems of Biblical studies, and fell into confusions which delighted the mischief-makers.
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Veer Savarkar, formulator of the Hindutva philosophy, on a 1970 stamp of India. Savarkar was one of the first in the twentieth century to attempt a definitive description of the term "Hindu" in terms of what he called Hindutva meaning Hinduness.Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar: Hindutva, Bharati Sahitya Sadan, Delhi 1989 (1923) The coinage of the term "Hindutva" was an attempt by Savarkar who was an atheist and a rationalist, to de-link it from any religious connotations that had become attached to it. He defined the word Hindu as: "He who considers India as both his Fatherland and Holyland".
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The Atheist Centre is an institution founded by Goparaju Ramachandra Rao (aka Gora, 1902–1975) and Saraswathi Gora (1912–2006) to initiate social change in rural Andhra Pradesh based on the ideology of Gandhism and Atheism. Founded in 1940 at Mudnur village in Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh, India the Centre was later shifted to Vijayawada in 1947. As a member organisation of the Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations, the Atheist Centre endorses the Amsterdam Declaration 2002. The institution received the International Humanist and Ethical Union's International Humanist Award in 1986 for pioneering in the field of social work.
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William Hodge remained a Presbyterian minister and Thomas Craighead was eventually expelled from the ministry for his rationalist beliefs. In 1802, the year after his conversion in Logan County, Peter Cartwright’s family moved farther west in Kentucky, and he was licensed as a Methodist exhorter and circuit rider in the newly formed circuit there. In the years that followed, Cartwright became a popular Methodist minister and revivalist, holding camp meetings throughout Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Ohio and Illinois. He continued preaching and farming but eventually added political office to his resume, defeating Abraham Lincoln in 1832 for a seat in the Illinois legislature.
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His dissertation from 1848 is the first exegesis of Kant's philosophy written by a Romanian. Although the Kantianism was at that time known to Romanians from different courses and textbooks (of Daniil Philippidis, Gheorghe Lazăr, Eufrosin Poteca, Eftimie Murgu, August Treboniu Laurian, Simeon Bărnuţiu, and of course that of Zalomit himself), there were still no monographs on this subject. Zalomit places Kant in the historical context of the modern philosophy, presenting the main figures of the empiricist and rationalist traditions. He considers that Kant is a spiritual successor of Descartes, and that he accomplished the program set forth, but unrealised, by Descartes.
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At the London School of Economics, Feyerabend met a colleague of Popper, Imre Lakatos, with whom he planned to write a dialogue volume in which Lakatos would defend a rationalist view of science and Feyerabend would attack it. This planned joint publication was put to an end by Lakatos's sudden death in 1974. Against Method became a famous criticism of current philosophical views of science and provoked many reactions. In his autobiography, he reveals that he suffered from depression: Feyerabend moved to the University of California, Berkeley in California in 1958 and became a U.S. citizen.
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It was also through the society that he obtained Ordnance Survey maps of the landscape, allowing him to explore the downs near to his aunts' home. He began excavation of a barrow near to Bull's Copse, thus attracting the attention of the antiquarian Harold Peake, who was then involved in compiling the Victoria County History of Berkshire. Peake and his wife lived a Bohemian lifestyle, being vegetarians and social reformers, and their ideas had a strong impact on Crawford. Under the Peakes' influence, Crawford rejected his religious upbringing in favour of a rationalist world-view based in science.
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Gatiss observed that Conan Doyle's weariness with the character is demonstrated by Holmes' absence for half of The Hound of the Baskervilles, in which Doctor Watson's role is foregrounded. In contrast to the original, however, the producers decided to centre Sherlock in their adaptation, so Sherlock only threatens to stay behind in London. In addition, the three episodes of the second series show Sherlock dealing, respectively, with love, fear, and death. Here, the producers wanted Sherlock, an arch-rationalist, to confront something that seemed impossible, especially since their Sherlock is still a young character who has not experienced fear yet.
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Rousseau is an atheist, secularist, humanist, naturalist, materialist, freethinker, scientific sceptic and rationalist. In 2006 he established a local community of the Brights movement, which he describes as "an international movement which aims to promote the civic understanding and acknowledgement of the naturalistic world-view, which is free of supernatural and mystical elements". In 2009 he founded the Free Society Institute to promote secularity, scientific reasoning, a naturalistic worldview and freedom of speech. Since 2008 his blog Synapses has focussed on secular issues in South Africa, and he is on the editorial board of International Humanist News.
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Kavanagh building through San Martín Square's jacarandás The Kavanagh Building () is located at 1065 Florida St. in the barrio of Retiro, overlooking Plaza San Martín. It was constructed in the 1930s in the Rationalist style, by the architects Gregorio Sánchez, Ernesto Lagos and Luis María de la Torre and was finished in 1936. The building is characterised by the austerity of its lines, the lack of external ornamentation and its large prismatic volumes. It was declared a national historical monument in 1999,'El Kavanagh, entre los protegidos', Clarín, 1999-04-23 and is one of the most impressive architectural masterpieces of Buenos Aires.
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Mu'tazila is a school of rationalist Islamic theology known as Kalam. Practitioners, Mu'tazilîs, stress the supremacy of human reason and free-will (similar to Qadariyya) and went on to develop an epistemology, ontology and psychology which provide a basis for explaining the nature of the world, God, man and religion. According to Mu'tazilis, good and evil are easily reconciled through human reason without esoteric methods. The Mu'tazila school started in the 8th century; its iterative refinement continued from the late 10th century until mid-11th century CE. Mu'tazila was the official theology of three Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century.
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According to the critical rationalist, if there is a sense in which humans accrue knowledge positively by experience, it is only by pivoting observations off existing conjectural theories pertinent to the observations, or off underlying cognitive schemas which unconsciously handle perceptions and use them to generate new theories. But these new theories advanced in response to perceived particulars are not logically "induced" from them. These new theories may be wrong. The myth that we induce theories from particulars is persistent because when we do this we are often successful, but this is due to the advanced state of our evolved tendencies.
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Standring went on to produce special effects sequences and the opening credits of a number of Gibson Group television shows and directed some of Skitzs live-action sketches. His first feature film as writer/director was the low-budget film The Irrefutable Truth about Demons (2000), which was nominated for best film awards at fantasy film festivals in Portugal and Spain. The film was retitled simply The Truth about Demons in many countries. Set largely after dark, Demons follows a rationalist university lecturer (played by New Zealand actor Karl Urban) as he attempts to escape the attentions of a satanic cult.
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In that sense he can be seen as a social- constructivist: someone who believes that the direction of science is dictated to a large extent by the social, political, cultural and financial priorities of societies and of those who fund science. During the 1980s, while working for Nature and New Scientist, Sardar wrote and lectured on how an Islamic science for the modern world might look like. In his book Explorations in Islamic Science, He described 'Islamic science' as: "a subjectively objective enterprise". By this, he meant that it can be both rationalist and traditionalist at the same time.
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In 2004, Benson co-authored The Dictionary of Fashionable Nonsense with Jeremy Stangroom. It is a satire on post-modernism, modern jargon and anti-rationalist thinking in contemporary academia. The Times Literary Supplement said "With wit and invention, Benson and Stangroom take us through the checklist argot that so often litters postmodern texts." In 2006, Benson and Stangroom published Why Truth Matters, which examines the "spurious claims made for creationism, Holocaust denial, misinterpretation of evolutionary biology, identity history, science as mere social construct, and other 'paradigms' that prop up the habit of shaping our findings according to what we want to find".
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It is an ascent to human supremacy on the earth. The prime analogate is an individual working his way up in society; that is, Morgan, who was well read in classics, relies on the Roman cursus honorum, rising through the ranks, which became the basis of the English ideas of career and working your way up, to which he blends in the rationalist idea of a scala, or ladder, of life. The idea of growth or development is also borrowed from individuals. He proposed that a society has a life like that of an individual, which develops and grows.
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One popular story is that locals developed a superstitious habit of placing rocks to support the column as they passed and that, over time, this pile grew so large that it completely covered the columns. Another is that they threw the rocks from hatred. Later rationalist Chinese and Vietnamese scholars opined that it had probably simply fallen into the sea in the course of an earthquake or change of shoreline. During the rule of Emperor Ling (168-189) of the Eastern Han, Lý Tiến was the first native of Jiaozhi to be the inspector of Jiaozhou.
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Unlike Congress, the Justice Party had agreed to implement a policy of appointments to government jobs in proportion to caste ratios, as demanded by the leaders of the self-respect movement. Significance of Singaravelar's association with the self-respect movement is brought out by Karthigesu Sivathamby, a prominent Tamil scholar from Sri Lanka who has closely studied the social movements in Madras province, > By this time the rationalist movement, through its association with the > world socialist movement, was becoming more scientific. It was not merely > rationalism in the Ingersolian sense. It was becoming more and more > scientific... promotion of socialism, and so on.
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Molteno was a rationalist and a great supporter of scientific endeavour (The Molteno Institute was his endowment to Cambridge University in 1921). His scientific work was primarily with refrigeration and hydro-electricity (he designed the hydro-electric power station at Glen Lyon), but he had a passion for Biology and was a keen student of Darwin, Huxley and Herbert Spencer. He also shared his father's love of animals. This may have been one of the reasons why, though he was an excellent shot, he never joined in the hunts which were a popular pastime of the wealthy at the time.
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Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.ITALIAN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES. dankalia.com Asmara's architecture after 1935 was greatly improved to become a "modernist Art Deco city" (in 2017 has been declared a "UNESCO World City Heritage"), featuring eclectic and rationalist built forms, well-defined open spaces, and public and private buildings, including cinemas, shops, banks, religious structures, public and private offices, industrial facilities, and residences (according to UNESCO's publications). The Italians designed more than 400 buildings in a construction boom that was only halted by Italy's involvement in WW2.
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Shams al-’Ulama’ Mir Hassan Syed Mir Hassan (18 April 1844 – 25 September 1929) was a scholar of the Qur'an, Hadith, Sufism, and the Arabic language. He was a professor of Arabic at Scotch Mission College in Sialkot and was awarded the title of Shams al-’Ulama’ ("Sun of Scholars") by the British Crown. Mir Hassan is best known as the teacher of the philosopher-poet Muhammad Iqbal and the poet Faiz Ahmad Faiz. He was also the paternal uncle of the Pakistani journalist Syed Nazeer Niazi and was affiliated with Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's rationalist school of Islamic modernism.
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Legal science is one of the main components in the civil law tradition (after Roman law, canon law, commercial law, and the legacy of the revolutionary period). Legal science is primarily the creation of German legal scholars of the middle and late nineteenth century, and it evolved naturally out of the ideas of Friedrich Carl von Savigny. Savigny argued that German codification should not follow the rationalist and secular natural law thinking that characterized the French codification but should be based on the principles of law that had historically been in force in Germany.John H. Merryman et al.
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Byrne says that Some Voices "works as a film, and a technically accomplished one at that". Both reviewers particularly commend the film's avoidance of cliché. Bradshaw stresses that "nothing could be more tiresome and dishonest than shop worn RD Laing-style clichés about schizophrenia being a heightened visionary state which the western world crushes under the jackboot of its dull rationalist enlightenment. Such a proposition would not correspond to the actual experience of schizophrenia sufferers and their carers; in real life, schizophrenia can lead to a lifelong trial of stress and unhappiness, and Some Voices reflects this".
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Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People is a Christmas stage show celebrating a view of science. It was first run in 2008 at the Bloomsbury Theatre and re-run as The Return of Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People in 2009, then televised on BBC Four as Nerdstock: 9 Lessons and Carols for Godless People. It was initially organised by the Rationalist Association and the journal New Humanist. It is now produced by Trunkman Productions and is part of The Cosmic Shambles Network and in 2018 changed titles to become Nine Lessons and Carols for Curious People.
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Bruno Bauer (; 6 September 180913 April 1882) was a German philosopher and theologian. As a student of G. W. F. Hegel, Bauer was a radical Rationalist in philosophy, politics and Biblical criticism. Bauer investigated the sources of the New Testament and, beginning with Hegel's Hellenophile orientation, concluded that early Christianity owed more to ancient Greek philosophy (Stoicism) than to Judaism.see Bauer's work "Christus und die Caesaren" (English: Christ and the Caesars) Bruno Bauer is also known by his association and sharp break with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and by his later association with Max Stirner and Friedrich Nietzsche.
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Marx, with Friedrich Engels, had formulated a socialist and communistic programme that Bruno Bauer firmly rejected. Marx and Engels in turn expressed their break with Bauer in two books: The Holy Family (1845) and The German Ideology (1846). The Prussian Minister of Education, Altenstein, sent Bauer to the University of Bonn, to protect his Rationalist Theology from the critique of the Berlin orthodox, as well as to win over Bonn University to Hegelianism. Bauer, however, created many enemies at pietist-dominated Bonn university, where he openly taught Rationalism in his new position as professor of theology.
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D. 1300, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag. pp. 180 – 323 Galen saw himself as both a physician and a philosopher, as he wrote in his treatise entitled That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher.Brian, P., 1977, "Galen on the ideal of the physician", South Africa Medical Journal, 52: 936–938 pdf Galen was very interested in the debate between the rationalist and empiricist medical sects,Frede, M. and R. Walzer, 1985, Three Treatises on the Nature of Science, Indianapolis: Hacket. and his use of direct observation, dissection and vivisection represents a complex middle ground between the extremes of those two viewpoints.
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Peter Behrens (14 April 1868 – 27 February 1940) was a leading German architect and industrial designer, best known for his early pioneering AEG Turbine Hall in Berlin in 1909. He had a long career, designing objects, typefaces, and important buildings in a range of styles from the 1900s to the 1930s. He was a foundation member of the German Werkbund in 1907, when he also began designing for AEG, pioneered corporate design, producing typefaces, objects, and buildings for the company. In the next few years, he became a successful architect, a leader of the rationalist / classical German Reform Movement of the 1910s.
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Portrait of Heffron by Henry Hanke (1956), Oil on canvas, UNSW Art Collection. After resigning as Premier, Heffron remained in Parliament as Member for Maroubra, retaining his seat at the 1965 election, thereby witnessing his Labor Party enter opposition for the first time in twenty-five years. He stayed for one more term until his retirement in January 1968, marking thirty- seven years in Parliament. In his valedictory speech, Heffron remarked: In youth a Roman Catholic, he spent most of his adulthood – unusually for a New South Wales Labor politician at the time – outside the Roman Church, describing himself as a "proselytising rationalist".
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He has delivered lectures abroad including the US and many European countries. Godmen in India have often been accused of indulging in criminal activities under the guise of religion in order to procure followers, fame and funds. According to Edamaruku, most are charlatans, and quite a few have amassed great wealth and property from "miracles" that are nothing more than sleight of hand. Edamaruku considers the Indian rationalist movement an "inspiring example for many western rationalists to awaken, activate and rejuvenate their own organisations", with India's rationalists being "on the frontline of the battle between science and superstition".
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Rodinson's work combined sociological and Marxist theories, which, he said, helped him to understand "that the world of Islam was subject to the same laws and tendencies as the rest of the human race." Hence, his first book was a study of Muhammad ("Muhammad", 1960), setting the Prophet in his social context. This attempt was a rationalist study which tried to explain the economical and social origins of Islam. A later work was "Islam and Capitalism" (1966), the title echoing to Max Weber's famous thesis regarding the development of capitalism in Europe and the rise of Protestantism.
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The civil war not only dissipated their stand against Rome, but also divided the Jewish people into factions that eventually dis-unified Jerusalem. Hugo Grotius (17th century), interprets “the earth”, in verse 4, as the land of Judea. Johann Jakob Wettstein (18th century), identified the Red horse as representing the assassins and robbers of Judea in the days of Antonius Felix and Porcius Festus. Volkmar, a modern rationalist preterist, broadened the scope of the Second Horseman to include major battles that occurred after the year 66: the Jewish–Roman wars, Roman–Parthian Wars, and Byzantine–Arab Wars.
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The Essay on Architecture was first published by Marc-Antoine Laugier in 1753. It was written in the Age of Enlightenment, during a time characterised by rationalist thinking through science and reason. Architecture in France during this period was defined predominantly by the Baroque style with its excessive ornamentation and religious iconography. Rather than being concerned with the search for meaning and the over analysis of the representational elements of architecture, Laugier's essay proposed that the idea of noble and formal architecture was found in what was necessary for architecture, not in its ornamentation but in its true underlying fundamentals.
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The Primitive Hut made an important contribution to the theory of architecture. It marked the beginning of a significant analysis and debate within architectural theory, particularly between rationalist and utilitarian schools of thought. While previously the field of architecture concerned the search for the ideal building form through truth in building, the primitive hut questioned the universal in architecture. It was through the reading of the Laugier Essay questioned the fundamental and the universal requirements of architecture, the text marked a new field of inquiry into the field of architecture that changed the understandings and the approach to architecture.
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Blanshard was a rationalist who espoused and defended a strong conception of reason during a century when reason came under attack in philosophy and psychology alike. He was also generally regarded as one of the last absolute idealists because he was strongly influenced by British idealism (especially F.H. Bradley and Bernard Bosanquet). However, this influence was felt primarily in his views concerning logic, values, and epistemology. He departed from absolute idealism in many respects, so much so that he explicitly disavowed being an idealist in an essay in The Philosophy of Brand Blanshard (in his reply to Charles Hartshorne).
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Melly was President of the BHA 1972–4, and was also an Honorary Associate of the Rationalist Association. He was also a member of the Max Miller Appreciation Society and on 1 May 2005 joined Roy Hudd, Norman Wisdom, and others in unveiling a statue of Miller in Brighton. His singing style, particularly for the blues, was strongly influenced by his idol, Bessie Smith. While many British musicians of the time treated jazz and blues with almost religious solemnity, Melly rejoiced in their more bawdy side, and this was reflected in his choice of songs and exuberant stage performances.
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The Methodic school of medicine (Methodics, Methodists, or Methodici, ) was a school of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome. The Methodic school arose in reaction to both the Empiric school and the Dogmatic school (sometimes referred to as the Rationalist school).Barnes, Brunschwig, Burnyeat, Schofield 1982, p. 2. While the exact origins of the Methodic school are shrouded in some controversy, its doctrines are fairly well documented. Sextus Empiricus points to the school's common ground with Pyrrhonism, in that it “follow[s] the appearances and take[s] from these whatever seems expedient.”Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.237, trans.
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Within philosophy, suspension of judgment is typically associated with positivism and skepticism, most especially Pyrrhonism where it is referred to as epoché, but it is not limited to these areas. The 17th century rationalist René Descartes, for example, used it as the cornerstone of his epistemology. In a process that he called methodological skepticism (now also known as Cartesian doubt), he asserted that in order to gain a solid foundation when building one's system of knowledge and belief, one must first doubt everything. Only by eliminating preconceptions and prejudgments can one come to know what is true.
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This usage is popular among some ecological activists: > There is a need now to move away from scientism and the ideology of cause- > and-effect determinism toward a radical empiricism, such as William James > proposed, as an epistemology of science. These perspectives are not new; during the early 20th century, William James noted that rationalist science emphasized what he called fragmentation and disconnection. Such opinions also motivate many criticisms of the scientific method: > The scientific method only acknowledges monophasic consciousness. The method > is a specialized system that emphasizes studying small and distinctive parts > in isolation, which results in fragmented knowledge.
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Several considered the teachings of Jesus an early example of anarchic social communism, and argued that he was a rationalist teacher. Capetillo argued in favor of Espiritismo and also urged anarchists to study the writings of Krishna, Emperor Yao, Confucius, Philo and Jesus, in order to understand their ideas about love. Despite her support for Espiritismo, she urged not to become involved with organized religion. Capetillo's belief was influenced by the work of Leo Tolstoy and she believed that an anarchist life would result in the ideal outliving the physical body and being reborn through reincarnation.
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Edvard Munch, The Scream, oil, tempera and pastel on cardboard, 1893, National Gallery, Oslo American Figurative Expressionism is a 20th-century visual art style or movement that first took hold in Boston, and later spread throughout the United States. Critics dating back to the origins of Expressionism have often found it hard to define. One description, however, classifies it as a Humanist philosophy, since it's human-centered and rationalist. Its formal approach to the handling of paint and space is often considered a defining feature, too, as is its radical, rather than reactionary, commitment to the figure.
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In 1933 he was awarded a scholarship by the National Cultural Commission to the United States, where he worked in Hollywood as a set designer. After returning to Argentine he designed sets for Alberto de Zavalía's Escala en la ciudad and for Luis Saslavsky's Crimen a las tres. He became one of the most prolific scenographers in the country. The decorations of the homes of the characters and the radio offices is in modern, rationalist style typical of upper-class homes in Buenos Aires at the time, apart from the lodgings of Argüello, who belongs to a lower social class.
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Bernard Peyrous, Vie de Marthe Robin ("The Life of Marthe Robin", 2006) p. 277-282 The reliability of this account has been disputed by those who doubt that the philosopher/psychiatrist, who had been an admirer of Spinoza, a skeptical rationalist all his life, and a standard-bearer of the Christ Myth thesis, would have reversed his lifetime convictions during a short unverified conversation on his deathbed. The value of a deathbed conversion is that it saves a soul from hell, in a Christian perspective. It also gives ammunition to believers for undermining the integrity of a Jesus's existence denier.
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An precocious youth, he began working as a magazine editor at twenty, at first editing the sports magazine Queensland Cricketer & Footballer, later becoming editor of the Queensland Sportsman. Politically involved by his early twenties, Ross was self-taught in the political dimension as a voracious reader of socialist and rationalist texts. An early influence on Ross' orientation in this respect was the writing of Australian labour movement pioneer William Lane, whose 1890s work concerning a co-operative society gave emphasis to the role of trade unionism. Ross responded to left-wing appeals of this kind enthusiastically.
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A problem with representationalism is that if simple data flow and information processing is assumed then something in the brain must be interpreting incoming data. This something is often described as a homunculus, although the term homunculus is also used to imply an entity that creates a continual regress, and this need not be implied. This suggests that some phenomenon other than simple data flow and information processing is involved in perception. This is more of an issue now than it was for rationalist philosophers prior to Newton, such as Descartes, for whom physical processes were poorly defined.
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The poem pursues a contrast between poetic imagination and philosophical reasoning, the latter understood as abstract system-building associated with the rationalist tradition going back to Plato. Stevens implicitly contrasts the philosophers' Plato with 'the ultimate Plato'. Both seek the supreme good, but Plato and the other philosophers look for it in something abstract like Plato's 'Forms'—a gaunt fugitive phantom. The poet finds the highest good in the sensuous lived experience of an evening in Biscayne, where the good light of Venus, the Evening Star, reveals it to the poet as wanton, abundantly beautiful, eager, fecund.
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When asked if he believed in an afterlife, Einstein replied, "No. And one life is enough for me." Einstein was primarily affiliated with non-religious humanist and Ethical Culture groups in both the UK and US. He served on the advisory board of the First Humanist Society of New York, and was an honorary associate of the Rationalist Association, which publishes New Humanist in Britain. For the seventy-fifth anniversary of the New York Society for Ethical Culture, he stated that the idea of Ethical Culture embodied his personal conception of what is most valuable and enduring in religious idealism.
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Stickel was born in Eisenach in 1805. He went to school in Buttelstedt and in Weimar. In his youth he demonstrated a gift for the Hebrew language. Since 1822 Johann Gustav Stickel studied rationalist Protestant theology of enlightenment which included at that time Oriental languages like Syriac and Arabic at Jena University. His teachers were Andreas Gottlieb Hoffmann (1796–1864), who is known for his Hebrew and Syriac studies, and Johann Traugott Leberecht Danz (1769–1851). In 1826, Stickel's first publication earned him a fame as someone who did exegesis with "precise grammatical-historical interpretation of the Hebrew text".
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In the early medieval era there had been a tendency for some Jewish religious rationalists to reinterpret classical Jewish theology in the light of then-current philosophy, specifically neo-Aristotelian rationalism. This was the program of Jewish rationalist philosophers such as Saadia Gaon, Maimonides (who was influenced by Ibn Sina aka Avicenna), and Gersonides (who was influenced by Ibn Roshd, aka Averroes). In the view of Crescas, this point of view often led to mistaken conclusions, and threatened to blur the distinctiveness of the Jewish faith. He felt that this program reduced the doctrinal contents of Judaism to a surrogate of Aristotelian concepts.
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Createdness refers to the Islamic doctrinal position that the Qur’an was created, rather than having always existed and thus being "uncreated". In the Muslim world the opposite point of view — that the Quran is uncreated — is the accepted stance among the majority Sunni Muslims and the Kharijites while minority sects Shia Twelvers and Zaydi believe the Quran is created. The dispute over which was true became a significant point of contention in early Islam. The Islamic rationalist philosophical school known as the Mu'tazila held that if the Quran is God's word, logically God "must have preceded his own speech".
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The Alas Building () is a Rationalist residential and office building located in the San Nicolás section of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It stands at a height of 141 metres (463 ft) and houses 41 floors. Alas was the tallest building in Buenos Aires between 1955 and 1995, when it was surpassed by the Le Parc tower. It has long been a vital part of the skyline of Buenos Aires, together with other, neighboring buildings on Leandro Alem Avenue, such as the similar Comega Building (1930), as well as those built in the International style during the 1970s (notably the Catalinas Norte development).
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Judah Halevi of Toledo, Spain defended Rabbinic Judaism against Islam, Christianity and Karaite Judaism. He was a student of Moses ibn Ezra whose education came from Isaac ibn Ghiyyat; trained as a Rationalist, he shed it in favor of Neoplatonism. Like al-Ghazali, Judah Halevi attempted to liberate religion from the bondage of philosophical systems. In particular, in a work written in Arabic Kitab al-Ḥujjah wal-Dalil fi Nuṣr al-Din al-Dhalil, translated by Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, by the title Kuzari he elaborates upon his views of Judaism relative to other religions of the time.
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Soft power has been criticized as being ineffective by authors such as Niall Ferguson in the preface to Colossus. Neorealist and other rationalist and neorationalist authors (with the exception of Stephen Walt) dismiss soft power out of hand as they assert that actors in international relations respond to only two types of incentives: economic incentives and force. As a concept, it can be difficult to distinguish between soft power from hard power. For example, Janice Bially Mattern argues that George W. Bush's use of the phrase "you are either with us or with the terrorists" was in fact an exercise of hard power.
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Fundamental to the study of statistical language acquisition is the centuries-old debate between rationalism (or its modern manifestation in the psycholinguistic community, nativism) and empiricism, with researchers in this field falling strongly in support of the latter category. Nativism is the position that humans are born with innate domain- specific knowledge, especially inborn capacities for language learning. Ranging from seventeenth century rationalist philosophers such as Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz to contemporary philosophers such as Richard Montague and linguists such as Noam Chomsky, nativists posit an innate learning mechanism with the specific function of language acquisition.Russell, J. (2004).
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In this book, Ekmečić drew upon nineteenth century developments to challenge the decentralists within Yugoslav historiographical thought who supported the separate national entities of the South Slavic nations. Instead, Ekmečić asserted that unitarian assimilation was to be preferred, saying that nationhood based on language was the only concept which was acceptable from both a rationalist and romanticist perspective. He also concluded that religion was to blame for the push towards decentralisation. His approach betrayed a double-standard, whereby he criticised only non-Serb South Slavic nationalism. In 1989, Ekmečić published Stvaranje Jugoslavije 1790–1918 [Creation of Yugoslavia 1790–1918].
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The series centred on a group of teenagers, two brothers and a sister; Michael, Jason and Samantha Mellop. A year earlier, their mother has died and their family business, 'The Lazy Daisy Nursery' is run by their rationalist father Bill and absent-minded Aunt Josey. The general plot of both seasons were the strange events that the Mellop teens would often get caught up in, without their father or aunt noticing and/or believing them. As well as the Mellops coming across the adventures, another family would often stick their noses into the situation when not wanted.
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Nagel in 2008, teaching ethics Thomas Nagel has been highly influential in the related fields of moral and political philosophy. Supervised by John Rawls, Nagel has been a long-standing proponent of a Kantian and rationalist approach to moral philosophy. His distinctive ideas were first presented in the short monograph The Possibility of Altruism, published in 1970. That book seeks by reflection on the nature of practical reasoning to uncover the formal principles that underlie reason in practice and the related general beliefs about the self that are necessary for those principles to be truly applicable to us.
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Chomsky has also been active in a number of philosophical fields, including philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and philosophy of science. In these fields he is credited with ushering in the "cognitive revolution", a significant paradigm shift that rejected logical positivism, the prevailing philosophical methodology of the time, and reframed how philosophers think about language and the mind. Chomsky views the cognitive revolution as rooted in 17th-century rationalist ideals. His position—the idea that the mind contains inherent structures to understand language, perception, and thought—has more in common with rationalism (Enlightenment and Cartesian) than behaviorism.
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He named one of his key works Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought (1966). In philosophy of language, Chomsky is particularly known for his criticisms of the notion of reference and meaning in human language and his perspective on the nature and function of mental representations. Chomsky's famous 1971 debate on human nature with the French philosopher Michel Foucault was symbolic in positioning Chomsky as the prototypical analytic philosopher against Foucault, a stalwart of the continental tradition. It showed what appeared to be irreconcilable differences between two moral and intellectual luminaries of the 20th century.
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The Religion of Nature Delineated was an attempt to create a system of ethics without recourse to revealed religion. He claimed originality for his theory that the moral evil is the practical denial of a true proposition and moral good the affirmation of it, writing that this attempt to use mathematics to create a rationalist ethics was "something never met with anywhere". Wollaston "held that religious truths were plain as Euclid, clear to all who contemplated Creation."Porter, Roy, The Creation of the Modern World: The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment, W. W. Norton & Company, 2001, p. 112.
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Early in his career he took part in the 1930 Stockholm Housing Exhibition, organized by Gregor Paulsson, but Hedqvist chose not to join other Swedish architects in the "Accept!" movement. Instead he was awarded a good share of Sweden's high-profile state commissions in the 1930s, dams and housing projects and many schools and the Stockholm airport, working mainly in a rationalist style. There's evidence for a penchant for square proportions for window and facade design. The single most noticeable Modernist flourish is the brilliant cylindrical glass staircase for St. Erik's Gymnasium in Stockholm in 1939.
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Ere. Elamvazhuthi (born 5 September 1925) was a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Cuddalore constituency of Tamil Nadu from 1967 to 1970 representing Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India He was born in Sangolikuppam, a village near Cuddalore to Rengasamy and Soundharam. He was closer to Periyar EV Ramasamy and CN Annadurai and got himself renamed as Elamvazhuthi from his original Dhandapani due to his unrelenting belief and support for the Dravidian principles. He was a staunch rationalist though his father used to do priestly duties at Sangolikuppam.
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5 They reevaluated the traditional buildings ("architecture without architects") of southern Italy, the Greek Islands and the North African coast, since they thought that right in those places nestled the sources of architectural rationality. This new concept, the mediterraneità (mediterraneity), was born in the rationalist movement, but later also other groupings, like the "Neoclassicists", took possession of it. The mediterraneità, which in a first phase was connected by the rationalists with Hellenic architecture, with its purity of lines and design, was later used by Fascist propaganda as ideological justification for its Mediterranean expansion, and was coupled with the Roman architecture.
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It peaked at No. 2 in Australia – their highest charting album – and No. 9 in New Zealand. Demon Flower provided "Easy", which reached the top 40 in both countries, and three other singles, which did not chart. Demon Flower was dominated by themes relating to the politics in the state of Victoria, particularly the economic rationalist policies of Premier Jeff Kennett. A double live album, Living ... In Large Rooms and Lounges, was released in November 1995, with one disc consisting of an acoustic set at the now-defunct Continental Cafe in Prahran, and the other was a typical pub performance.
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O'Connell's personal principles reflected the influences of the Enlightenment and of radical and democratic thinkers some of whom he had encountered in London and in masonic lodges. He was greatly influenced by William Godwin's Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (public opinion the root of all power, civil liberty and equality the bedrock of social stability), and was, for a period, converted to Deism by his reading of Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason. O'Connell from the 1820s has been described as an "English rationalist utilitarian", a "Benthamite". For a time Jeremy Bentham and O'Connell did become personal friends as well as political allies.
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During the mid-1940s the existing building (a wooden construction) was demolished and the new station was built, in a modern rationalist style (unlike other, older stations which followed British or French models). Rosario Oeste was designated as the local stop of all meter gauge long-distance trains that arrived in Rosario, avoiding the complicated process of entering and backing up at Rosario Central Córdoba Station."Historia de los Ferrocarriles de Rosario" , Asociación Rosarina Amigos del Riel "El Cercano Oeste", La Capital, 14 May 2006 Platform and sign. In 1949 the government of Juan Perón nationalized the railways and attempted to optimize them.
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In 1976 Hansadutta took up the order of sannyasa.Hari Sauri das, A Transcendental Diary - Vol 1, 16 March 1976 While preaching in Sri Lanka in the year 1977, Hansadutta created a public sensation with his answer to a challenge by Dr. Abraham T. Kovoor, president of the Sri Lanka branch of the Rationalist Association, which exchange was published in the Colombo (Sri Lanka) Sunday Times. A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami approved Hansadutta's proposal to print the exchangeLetter to: Hamsaduta, London, 10 September 1977, Bhaktivedanta VedaBase Ref SL_771010_C1 and instructed that it should be included in his own publication titled "Life Comes from Life".
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De Benoist met Dominique Venner in 1962. The following year, he took part in the creation of Europe-Action, a white nationalist magazine created by Venner in which de Benoist started to work as a journalist. He published at that times his first essays: Salan devant l'opinion ("Salan faces the [public] opinion", 1963) and Le courage est leur patrie ("Braveness is their motherland", 1965), defending French Algeria and the OAS. Between 1963 and 1965, de Benoist was a member of the Rationalist Union, and he probably began to read Louis Rougier's criticism of Christianity at that time.
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Hume and the Problem of Causation is a book written by Tom Beauchamp and Alexander Rosenberg, published in 1981 by Oxford University Press. Beauchamp and Rosenberg developed a single interpretation of David Hume’s view on the nature of causation that rests on all of his works, and defended it against historical and contemporary objections. They argued in particular that Hume was not a skeptic about induction but sought to undermine a priori justifications of induction advanced by rationalist philosophers. The book is now out of print but available on line at a web site given below.
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In this way, they are necessary and sufficient for practical purposes. In order for humans to behave properly, they can suppose that the soul is an imperishable substance, it is indestructibly simple, it stays the same forever, and it is separate from the decaying material world. On the other hand, anti-rationalist critics of Kant's ethics consider it too abstract, alienating, altruistic or detached from human concern to actually be able to guide human behavior. It is then that the Critique of Pure Reason offers the best defense, demonstrating that in human concern and behavior, the influence of rationality is preponderant.
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Mainstream exegetes take this statement literally. Exegetes of the rationalist Mu'tazila school of theology of the 8th–10th centuries interpreted the word nūr in this passage in the sense of "the truth, the Quran and the proof" rather than the commonplace meaning of "light". Shia exegetes take it to mean "the land of the soul will shine with the Lord's light of justice and truth during the time of Imam al-Mahdi." Sufi exegetes take nūr in this case to mean "justice", or take the statement to mean "God will create a special light to shine on the Earth".
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See, for example, Benjamin Brown, Hasidism Without Romanticism: Mendel Piekarz's Path in the study of Hasidism. pp. 455-456. Yet many aspects of early Hasidism were indeed de-emphasized in favour of more conventional religious expressions, and its radical concepts were largely neutralized. Some rebbes adopted a relatively rationalist bent, sidelining their explicit mystical, theurgical roles, and many others functioned almost solely as political leaders of large communities. As to their Hasidim, affiliation was less a matter of admiring a charismatic leader as in the early days, but rather birth into a family belonging to a specific "court".
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The rationalist would say that since both of the drivers were equally at fault in failing to check their brakes, it should make no difference that one of them was lucky in not hitting a pedestrian while the other was unlucky – moral fault is independent of consequence. Since the fault here is equal, the agents should receive equal blame. The consequentialist position argues that equal fault need not deserve equal blame, as blame should depend on the consequences. By this logic, the lucky driver certainly does not deserve as much blame as the unlucky driver, even though their faults were identical.
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Sadra gave Fayz one of his daughters to marry, they later had a son named, Muhammad Alam al-Huda, who followed in his fathers footsteps. Fayz is said to have produced works that mixed Islamic scriptual moral concerns with Aristotelian, Platonic schemas and illunminationist mysticism- a rationalist gnostic approach.(Rizvi) Some of his works brought him bad attention, he was criticized by Unlama for not using the Idjma in questioning jurisprudence, such as the legitimacy of music and the definition of impurity. One of Fayz students later blames him for encouraging his students to listen to music.
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Edificio Rockefeller (literally Rockefeller Building) is the popular name of a building in Madrid, Spain that is headquarters of Instituto Nacional de Física y Química (National Institute of Physics and Chemistry). Opened in 1932, Edificio Rockefeller is located within the central campus of the CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), According to architects Manuel Sánchez Arcas and Luis Lacasa, the building was named Edificio Rockefeller because the Rockefeller Foundation in the United States funded its construction and equipment. The architects were selected to bring to the building the new principles of rationalist functionalism. Lafuente1, A and Saraiva, T. (2004).
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