Noah was, even then, according to friends, a pacifist and a freethinker.
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Also like Mr Flynn, who was once an innovative intelligence officer, General McMaster is a freethinker.
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West's hijacking of the term "freethinker" is reflective of the political state of affairs in America.
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However, Uranus is a freethinker, so you'll be able to come up with some ridiculous ideas as solutions.
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"Nazimuddin was a courageous freethinker; he was vocal in his support for a secular and humane Bangladesh," the post reads.
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It's painful to witness the script's transformation of Shashi at that point from a hardheaded freethinker into a lovelorn obsessive.
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" In a statement to The Guardian, Lady Freethinker founder Nina Jackel said the "level of violence and exploitation of dogs is appalling.
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Herself an intellectual and freethinker, Shelley almost certainly had a model of European male self-confidence in mind when she created Victor Frankenstein.
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She bore her only child, Harry, with James B. Elliot, a carpenter who was a believer in the writings of the freethinker Thomas Paine.
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Lisa Bielawa's "My Outstretched Hand" wove variegated, at times voluptuous choral textures around the 1901 memoirs of Mary MacLane, the radical freethinker of Butte, Montana.
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Mr. Friedman, a freethinker who had founded "intentional communities" while in college, was living in Silicon Valley at the time and was inspired to think big.
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So when you&aposre being attacked like that on the street, do you have an understanding that it is happening because of your effectiveness with the freethinker movement?
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Myshkin's mother, Gayatri, was the pampered daughter of a freethinker who encouraged her love of dance and painting and who traveled abroad with her before his untimely death.
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In a keynote address, Robert Shiller—a Nobel prizewinner, habitual freethinker and outgoing AEA president—suggested that economists should think more broadly about the factors that affect human behaviour.
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The socially timid, bespectacled scholar was a freethinker who challenged the orthodox tradition in Islam and argued that the Quran had to be understood both metaphorically and in its historical context.
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"We're grateful to Lady Freethinker for bringing these posts to our attention and we have contacted them so we can get the information we need to investigate this content," the spokesperson said.
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A large image of Bertrand Russell, the British philosopher and freethinker, stands out among a galaxy of literary posters lining the wall of the entry staircase, a taste of what's to come.
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Ireland's Philip Lane, who is in pole position to take over as chief economist from Peter Praet, is the sort of freethinker who would have outsized influence, especially in the next economic downturn.
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For those three years, the iconoclast, freethinker and reluctant voice of a generation proclaimed faith in salvation by Jesus Christ (despite his Jewish upbringing), with lyrics that drew a line in the sand.
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The report, published by animal rights organisation Lady Freethinker, highlights how dog fighting content is easily found on the platform, and how the company has failed to enforce its own policies against the practice.
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People used to ask us why we didn't go to RE classes at school and, aged five, I used to say, 'I am a freethinker!' which is what I had been told I was.
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This week, though, her change of heart from unquestioning loyal soldier in an existential struggle to a freethinker who listens to the recording of Nestorenko and draws her own conclusions felt almost too neat.
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If there's something of the action-movie hero in Romero's rhetoric, that's not coincidental; both the general public and the courts respond most reliably to simple stories — defender versus oppressor, freethinker versus censor, prophet versus mob.
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Mr. Roy worked by day in the biotechnology industry in the United States and by night as a writer of books on science, homosexuality and religion, in addition to founding a website called Mukto-Mona, Bengali for freethinker.
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"Coltrane on Coltrane: The John Coltrane Interviews," edited by Chris DeVito The ever-elusive music icon is definitely not shy in these interviews and portraits that paint the picture of man, a musician and freethinker to be much championed.
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A few paid tribute to Mr. Li by holding up handwritten signs, or by making brief speeches that praised him as a freethinker who had stood up to Mao — opposing the calamitous excesses of the Great Leap Forward — and pressed Mao's successors to take China in a more liberal direction.
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A former Baptist minister turned freethinker named Abner Kneeland was arrested in Massachusetts for an article that he wrote explaining why he no longer believed in a monotheistic God; not even the prominent Unitarian preacher William Ellery Channing or the former Unitarian pastor Ralph Waldo Emerson, both of whom rose to Kneeland's defense, could spare him jail time.
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Zhuang Zhidie, the protagonist, is a freethinker and libertine who seems driven to sleep with women more out of curiosity than lust, and the book's many elaborate descriptions of sex — which caused the novel to be banned in China for 17 years — have a detached and clinical air, the feeling of a deliberate provocation for the censors rather than a celebration of Eros for its own sake.
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In 1900, its multiethnic capital, Vienna, the world's sixth-largest city, was home to such international luminaries as the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, the composer Gustav Mahler, the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, the painter Gustav Klimt, the Nobel Prize-winning peace activist Bertha von Suttner, the Zionist leader Theodor Herzl, the architect Otto Wagner, the feminist/freethinker Rosa Mayreder and the writers Stefan Zweig and Arthur Schnitzler.
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"An Eames Primer," by Eames Demetrios — an excellent portrait of the author's prolific artist/designer/freethinker grandparents, Charles and Ray Eames; "Scratching the Woodchuck," by David Kline — an Ohio farmer's delightful intimacy with the flora and fauna of his 120 acres; "The Nature and Art of Workmanship," by David Pye, an indispensable treatise on the importance of skill and workmanship in the manufacture of objects in this modern era of consumerism; "The Anarchist's Tool Chest," by Christopher Schwarz, an inspiring call to arms for the woodworker — encouraging the proper selection and mentality in the healthy use of vintage hand tools; and also rereading Edward Abbey's "The Monkey Wrench Gang" in my constant search for just the right book to adapt that has a healthy agenda of environmentalism contained within a ripping good story.
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In 1897 Cohen began contributing weekly articles to G. W. Foote's Freethinker, having previously written accounts of his lecture tours. In 1898 he became assistant editor of The Freethinker, and after Foote's death in 1915 he was appointed editor.Herrick (1981, p.55) Cohen had written for other freethought journals before joining The Freethinker, and had briefly edited The Truthseeker, owned by J.W. Gott.
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Peter Annet (169318 January 1769) was an English deist and early freethinker.
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Maynard Shipley (December 1, 1872 – June 18, 1934) was an American freethinker and science writer.
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Samuel Porter Putnam (July 23, 1838 - December 11, 1896) was an American freethinker, critic and publicist.
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Charles Southwell (1814 – 7 August 1860) was a radical English journalist and freethinker and colonial advocate.
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Her articles have also appeared in the West Australian, the Freethinker (UK) and Versal (The Netherlands).
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Ottilie Davida Assing (11 February 1819 – 21 August 1884) was a 19th-century German feminist, freethinker, and abolitionist.
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Chapman Cohen (1 September 1868 – 4 February 1954) was an English freethinker, atheist, and secularist writer and lecturer.
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George William Foote (11 January 1850 - 17 October 1915) was an English secularist, freethinker, republican, writer and journal editor.
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Sebastian Franck. Sebastian Franck (20 January 1499 – c. 1543) was a 16th- century German freethinker, humanist, and radical reformer.
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Pierre Michon Bourdelot (2 February 1610 in Sens – 9 February 1685) was a French physician, anatomist, libertine and freethinker.
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Ridley was president of the National Secular Society from 1951 to 1963. He edited The Freethinker from 1951 to 1954.
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The Freethinker was a British secular humanist magazine, founded by G.W. Foote in 1881. One of the world's oldest surviving freethought publications, it moved online-only in 2014. It has always taken an unapologetically atheist, anti-religious stance. In Issue 1 (May, 1881), Foote set out The Freethinker's purpose: Although closely linked with the National Secular Society for most of its history (NSS Presidents and General Secretaries have at various times also served as Freethinker editor), The Freethinker is strictly autonomous and is not, and never has been, published by the NSS.
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Although Du Bois attended a New England Congregational church as a child, he abandoned organized religion while at Fisk College.Lewis, p. 55. As an adult, Du Bois described himself as agnostic or a freethinker, but at least one biographer concluded that Du Bois was virtually an atheist.Rabaka, p. 127 (freethinker); Lewis, p. 550 (agnostic, atheist); Johnson, passim (agnostic).
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Ferrer was born on January 10, 1859, on a farm near Barcelona in Alella, Spain. He became a republican and freethinker in his youth. While his parents were pious Catholics, he grew independent and anti-clerical convictions from his freethinker uncle and militant atheist first employer. By 1883, his mid-20s, Ferrer had become a Freemason and radical Republican.
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On 9 October 2015, the Swiss Freethinkers awarded the Freethinker Prize of 10,000 Swiss francs for the first time. It was bestowed upon Ensaf Haidar, Raif Badawi and Waleed Abulkhair for their brave efforts for humanist and secular values in Saudi Arabia. The Freethinker Prize is financed via a bequest, and will be awarded every other year in the future.
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Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner (31 March 1858 – 25 August 1935) was a British peace activist, author, atheist and freethinker, and the daughter of Charles Bradlaugh.
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Freethinker and anti- clerical, he founded the newspaper Les Corbeaux, which he directed between 1904 and 1909. He sometimes signed his caricatures as "Ashavérus".
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This was done as an attempt to help reconstruct the nation. In spite of his religious formation, Godoi had become a mason and a freethinker.
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Over 300 articles and reviews in various journals - including The Freethinker, Guy’s Kings & St Thomas’ Gazette, New Humanist, Nursing Mirror, Nursing Standard and Socialist Leader.
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The result, while not final and authoritative, is an impressive work that belongs on the shelf of any studious freethinker or, as Hecht would prefer, doubter.
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The periodical The Freethinker (founded in 1881 by George Foote) argued, like Paine, that the "absurdities of faith" could be "slain with laughter."Qtd. in Marsh, 137.
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Logan Mitchell (1802-1881) was a British freethinker and writer.Wheeler, Joseph Mazzini. (1889). A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations. London: Progressive Publishing Company. p.
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His daughter, Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner (1858–1935), was a peace activist, author, atheist and freethinker. She was named for Hypatia, the Ancient Greek pagan philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and teacher.
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Many of the community's earliest settlers were German immigrants who were members of freethinker societies. One prominent freethinker was Joachim Heinrich Thien, for whom the village is named. Thien played a significant role in the Town of Mequon's early politics and organized the Thiensville Volunteer Fire Department. The freethinkers were opposed to organized religion and actively prevented churches from being established in the community for the first eight decades of its history.
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Manchester University Press. p. 704. In 1868, he met George William Foote and they became lifelong friends. Wheeler worked as an editor for Foote's Freethinker journal. He was strongly anti-Christian.
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Thien was a freethinker, as were many of the early German settlers. The influence of the freethinker societies kept formal churches out of the village until 1919, when St. Cecilia Catholic Church was built. Thiensville grew in part because of its location on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, which was constructed in the early 1870s. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Thiensville was one of the most concentrated communities in the Town of Mequon.
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In November 2002, Newdow was given the Freethinker of the Year award by the Freedom From Religion Foundation following the Pledge case., excerpt of acceptance speech for "Freethinker of the Year", Freedom From Religion Foundation 2002-11-22 In 2004, he received the special Recognition Freethought Hero Award for his case to remove "In God We Trust" from currency., Freedom From Religion Foundation 2004-10-30 In May 2004, the American Humanist Association gave Newdow its Humanist Pioneer Award.
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Cecilia Grierson (22 November 1859 – 10 April 1934) was an Argentine physician, reformer, and prominent Freethinker. She had the added distinction of being the first woman to receive a Medical Degree in Argentina.
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Julieta Lanteri (born Giulia Maddalena Angela Lanteri, March 22, 1873 — February 25, 1932) was an Italian Argentine physician, leading freethinker, and activist for women's rights in Argentina as well as for social reform generally.
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James Hervey Johnson (August 2, 1901 in Oregon - August 6, 1988 in San Diego, California) was an American atheist freethinker, writer and editor of The Truth Seeker (founded 1873), formerly run by Charles Lee Smith.
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As a former General Secretary of the National Secular Society he was > in a good position to use the Freethinker as a campaigning arm and he did > much to gain media publicity for secularist activities.
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In 1996 he received the Distinguished Humanist Service Award from the IHEU. He was a signatory to Humanist Manifesto III. From January 1977 until 1981, Herrick edited The Freethinker. He later wrote that publication's centenary history.
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One of seven children,Shots fired at Pakistani-born comic’s Oslo restaurant, Daily Times, 25 August 2005 she moved with her family to Norway in 1977. Raised as a Muslim, she now identifies as a freethinker.
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After the revolution she focused on the education of her son, Astolphe-Louis-Léonor, Marquis de Custine, taking him to Italy and Switzerland. A freethinker, she was a prominent literary and social figure during the Napoleonic era.
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Caroline Bray, known as Cara Bray, née Hennell (4 June 1814 – 21 February 1905) was a British writer of children's stories and school textbooks. With her husband Charles Bray, she was a Freethinker and friend of George Eliot.
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Alice Spencer Geddes Lloyd (November 13, 1876 – September 4, 1962) was an American social reformer who founded Alice Lloyd College in Pippa Passes, Kentucky. She worked as a writer, editor, and educator. She supported women's suffrage and was a freethinker.
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Jalal al-Din Mirza (; 1827-1872) was an Iranian historian and freethinker, born in Tehran. He wrote a semi-historical book about the history of Iran named Name-ye Khosrovan, potentially one of the first comprehensive nationalistic works about the country.
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Sophia Dobson Collet (1 February 1822 – 27 March 1894) was a 19th-century English feminist freethinker. She wrote under the pen name Panthea in George Holyoake's Reasoner, wrote for The Spectator and was a friend of the leading feminist Frances Power Cobbe.
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The Freethinker Vol. 10, No. 15, pp. 177-179. Shortly before his death in 1893, Chíes was elected a member of the council of the municipality of Madrid; in this capacity he proceeded to advocate that the Spanish workers be granted the eight-hour day.
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He took the name John Gjendin, and shortened it to Jo Gjende in his later days. He was publicly skeptical about established Christianity. Occupied by natural philosophy, he participated frequently in discussions with the local minister. As a result he was recognized as a freethinker.
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McIlroy served as editor of The Freethinker for 14 years in total. He first served as editor during 1970–1971, having stepped down as general secretary of the National Secular Society. In Jim Herrick's history of The Freethinker, "Vision and Realism" (1982), Herrick commented on McIlroy's "journalistic flair and sense of humour": > Within a few months, he was running stories like the one headed "Nun-running > Scandal Hits the Vatican", about a nun-running racket from the poverty- > stricken Indian state of Kerala to meet a shortage of Catholic nuns. His > exposure of the indoctrination tactics of sects and cults was ahead of its > time.
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Wathen Mark Wilks Call (7 June 1817 – 20 August 1890) was an English freethinker, poet and writer. He was a deacon and priest in the Churchgcxs of England from 1843 to 1856.Sell, Alan P. F. (1997). Mill and Religion: Contemporary Responses to Three Essays on Religion.
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237 Festinger considered himself to be a freethinker and an atheist."Festinger, a professed atheist, was an original thinker and a restless, highly motivated individual with (in his words) "little tolerance for boredom". " Franz Samelson: "Festinger, Leon", American National Biography Online, Feb. 2000 (accessed April 28, 2008) .
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Lucy N. Colman Lucy N. Colman (July 26, 1817 – January 18, 1906) was a freethinker, abolitionist and feminist campaigner. She campaigned for racial justice and for the education of African Americans. Colman wrote an autobiography, called Reminiscences in 1891, covering her memories of the abolitionist movement.
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His novel Spotvogel appeared in 2009, after years of silence. Bouazza, an atheist, is known for his criticism of Islam. His sister Hassnae is a noted journalist. In 2014, the Dutch freethinkers association De Vrije Gedachte honoured him with the title of "Freethinker of the Year".
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A census-taker asked Hugo in 1872 if he was a Catholic, and he replied, "No. A Freethinker". After 1872, Hugo never lost his antipathy towards the Catholic Church. He felt the Church was indifferent to the plight of the working class under the oppression of the monarchy.
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At Zürich, he founded a botanical microscopy laboratory.Dodel, Arnold Historischen Lexikon der Schweiz He was a freethinker and socialist, and published works to further the cause of Darwinian evolution. During his lifetime, he maintained correspondence with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. One of his students was Hugo Iltis.
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Reynolds served as editor of the secularist/atheist publication The Freethinker from September 1968 to July 1970, the youngest person to have done so. According to The Freethinker's historian, Jim Herrick: > He persuaded new writers to contribute, and introduced photographs, > interviews and a regular cartoon by Daly. He continued Tribe's determination > to keep the Freethinker squarely in touch with the crises of the modern > world. A typically wide-ranging front-page was headed "A Holy Mess" and > began: "Egypt and Israel, India and Pakistan, Federal Nigeria and the > breakaway 'Biafra', are the prime examples at the present time of strife > stemming from deep-seated religious differences" and went on to discuss the > situation in Northern Ireland.
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Karo MkrtchyanKaro Mkrtchyan (Armenian: Կարո Մկրտչյան, 28 March 1951 – 2001) was a well-known Armenian painter and public figure. He was aligned with the avant-garde movement. An independent and freethinker, Karo fled the USSR's cultural blockade. For much of his life Karo Mkrtchyan lived and painted outside his native USSR.
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Sergey Uvarov in the 1830s. Engraving by Nikolai Utkin. Sergey Uvarov, Minister of Education and President of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1818, was also a writer, a scholar and at times was considered a freethinker. Yet, with a change in domestic politics, he easily adjusted to a tightened regime.
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Lyndall has no such qualms. Apparently a freethinker, she seems uninterested in religion as a whole. Instead, her focus is more on the status of women in the late 19th century. A seeker after knowledge and autonomy, she is frustrated by the limited choices offered to her as a woman.
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Pearson was known in his lifetime as a prominent "freethinker" and socialist. He gave lectures on such issues as "the woman's question" (this was the era of the suffragist movement in the UK)Pearson, Karl (1888). "The Woman's Question," in The Ethic of Freethought. London: T. Fisher Unwin, pp. 370–394.
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From 1892 to 1898, Slenker published The Little Freethinker, a children's magazine. Slenker authored The Infidel School-Teacher and The Darwins. Slenker is often cited as the author of "The Clergyman's Victims" (1881), although she did not author it but merely advertised it. Slenker sat for a spirit photography session.
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In 2011, Dillahunty was awarded the Atheist of the Year award, nicknamed the "Hitchie" for Christopher Hitchens, by Staks Rosch writing for Examiner.com. The award process involved Rosch's readers voting for nominees he selected. He received the 2012 Catherine Fahringer Freethinker of the Year Award from the Freethinkers Association of Central Texas.
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Oberdan's attempt failed. Oberdan was arrested and sentenced to hang by an Austrian court. His mother, Victor Hugo and Giosuè Carducci appealed for clemency - but in vain. The condemned Oberdan refused all religious rites, stating "I am a mathematician and a freethinker, and do not believe in the immortality of the soul".
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Reverend Robert Taylor (18 August 1784 – September 1844), was an early 19th- century Radical, a clergyman turned freethinker. His "Infidel home missionary tour" was an incident in Charles Darwin's education, leaving Darwin with a memory of "the Devil's Chaplain" as a warning of the dangers of dissent from Church of England doctrine.
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Frédéric's health was also declining, and he died in 1958 from liver disease, which too was said to be the result of overexposure to radiation. Joliot-Curie was an atheist and anti-war."It was to her grandfather, a convinced freethinker, that Irène owed her atheism, later politically expressed as anticlericalism." Joliot-Curie, Irène.
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Ernest Renan, Tréguier. In 1898 Boucher joined the Bleus de Bretagne, an organisation founded to promote liberal values in Brittany. Boucher was described by Armand Dayot as a "Breton, Dreyfusard and freethinker". In this capacity he was commissioned to create a sculpture commemorating the skeptical thinker Ernest Renan in Renan's home town of Tréguier.
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He is a Director of the publishing company responsible for The Freethinker. Cobell joined the Council of the National Secular Society in 1976, and became President in 1997. He stepped down as President in 2006 but remained on the Society's Council of Management. He has announced that he will retire from the Council in 2009.
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The Gay Humanist Quarterly (GHQ) replaced the G&LH; when South African journalist Brett Lock took over the editorship from 2005 – 2007. In 2011, the PTT launched a new on-line magazine, The Pink Humanist, under the editorship of veteran gay journalist Barry Duke, who also edits the Freethinker magazine. The PTT also has a presence on Facebook.
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Allen, a freethinker and humanist, became an outspoken critic of organized religion and an active member of the scientific skepticism movement. He worked to promote critical thinking with such humanist and skeptical organizations as the Council for Media Integrity, a group that debunked pseudoscientific claims,"Steve Allen". Center for Inquiry. and the California-based group The Skeptics Society.
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Authors in Donegal have been creating works, like the Annals of the Four Masters, in Irish and Latin since the Early Middle Ages. The Irish philosopher John Toland was born in Inishowen in 1670. He was thought of as the original freethinker by George Berkeley. Toland was also instrumental in the spread of freemasonry throughout Continental Europe.
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Marilla Marks Young was born in 1840 in New Durham, New Hampshire. Her mother, Sarah Young, was a devoted Free Will Baptist, and her father, Jonathon Young, was a freethinker. Jonathon taught her to think independently and to be curious, taking her to town meetings and courtrooms."Marilla M. Ricker", The Boston Business Folio, 1895, p. 126.
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Robert Joseph Forder (14 October, 1844 - 14 August, 1901) was an English freethinker, radical, publisher and bookseller and birth controller. He was particularly associated with the career of Charles Bradlaugh and the National Secular Society. Forder was born in Yarmouth, Norfolk and was of humble, rural origins. He received little in the way of formal education.
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He was awarded the Prix Jean-Reynaud in 1928. Paulhan was a freethinker, a Dreyfusard and possibly a Freemason; his work has importance in the current of French psychology. Among his books are Les caractères (1894), Les mensonges du caractère (1905), Le mensonge dans l'art (1907) and Le mensonge du monde (1921). Frédéric Paulhan died on 14 March 1931.
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Trigant Burrow was the youngest of four children in a well-off family of French origin. His father was an educated Protestant freethinker, his mother, however, was a practicing Catholic. He initially studied Literature at the Fordham University, Medicine at the University of Virginia, receiving his M.D. in 1900, and eventually Psychology at Johns Hopkins University (Ph.D., 1909).
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" Historian Paul Israel has characterized Edison as a "freethinker". Edison was heavily influenced by Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason. Edison defended Paine's "scientific deism", saying, "He has been called an atheist, but atheist he was not. Paine believed in a supreme intelligence, as representing the idea which other men often express by the name of deity.
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Jack was an only child to active socialist and freethinker parents. His grandparents had immigrated from central and eastern Europe to escape oppression and poverty. Like his parents, the child Jack was a radical nature-worshiper who distrusted organized religion. He met Esther Rhys Williams at Munroe High School, in the early 1930s, and the two married in 1939.
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Levie Jacob "Louis" Fles (19 October 1872 – 24 May 1940) was a Dutch businessman, activist and author. He is best known for writing and broadcasting against Zionism, Nazism, and organized religion. A self-described freethinker, Fles was a vocal supporter of Humanism and Jewish assimilation. His relationship with the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party was more problematic.
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Thien hosted the first town meeting for the Town of Mequon in 1846,Walter D. Corrigan, History of the Town of Mequon, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, Brought Down to about 1870. Mequon: Mequon Club, 1950. and in 1857 he established the volunteer fire department and served as its first captain. Thien was a freethinker, as were many of the early German settlers.
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Yekaterina was granted the title maid of honour in 1791. She married Count Fyodor Vasilievich Rostopchin, who appreciated her serious nature, in early 1794. The couple had four sons and four daughters and had a happy marriage until Yekaterina's conversion to Catholicism. Being a freethinker with little knowledge of the Russian Eastern Orthodox faith, Yekaterina, along with her sisters, converted to Roman Catholicism.
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The leading Unitarian theologian, Giorgio Biandrata, achieved an investigation at Gerendi's estates, which forced Bogáti Fazekas to flee from the principality in 1582. The freethinker Christian Francken who visited him for the first time in Alcina in 1584 convinced Gerendi that obedience to Old Testament laws is unnecessary. Under Francken's influence, Gerendi accepted his philosophical atheism during the last years of his life.
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He was very introspective: his works, which are to a large extent autobiographic, became famous for the ruthless analysis of his own deeds and misdeeds. Cankar was raised as a Roman Catholic. In his high school years, he became a typical liberal freethinker. He rejected the religious dogmas and embraced the rational explanations provided by contemporary natural and social sciences.
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Robert Darwin, himself quietly a freethinker, had baby Charles baptised in November 1809 in the Anglican St Chad's Church, Shrewsbury, but Charles and his siblings attended the Unitarian chapel with their mother. The eight-year-old Charles already had a taste for natural history and collecting when he joined the day school run by its preacher in 1817. That July, his mother died.
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Peter Leslie Brearey (23 December 1939 - 7 May 1998) was a British secularist, socialist, and journalist, and editor of The Freethinker from 1993–1998. He was born in Dewsbury. Although his family background was Church of England, Brearey rejected religion as a teenager. He was a member of the Young Communist League and subsequently the Communist Party of Great Britain.
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Freethinkers` Hall, also known as "Park Hall", is a meeting hall in Sauk City, Wisconsin. Designed by Alfred Clas, Freethinkers' Hall was built in 1884 for the local Freethinkers' congregation, or Freie Gemeinde. The congregation had been formed by German immigrants in 1852, and became the last extant Freethinker' congregation in North America. It affiliated with the American Unitarian Association in 1955.
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After becoming a freethinker early in life, Johnson became prominent in the San Diego area Freethought movement, eventually hosting annual dinners in honor of his heroes Robert Green Ingersoll and Thomas Paine. He was also a fan of ex-Roman Catholic priest Freethought and Rationalist writer Joseph McCabe, and stocked his large collection of Little Blue Books from Girard, Kansas.
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Schroor, p. 1957. However, it is considered much more likely that the true author of the Oera Linda Book was the librarian Eelco Verwijs, who lead the Provincial Library of Friesland and who had befriended Halbertsma,Breuker 1993, s. 589.Breuker 2016, s. 1957. or possibly the writer François Haverschmidt or the ship carpenter and self-taught freethinker Cornelis over de Linden.
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Mouat was the first secretary of the Agnostics Adoption Bureau, which was later renamed the Independent Adoption Society, and founded the Humanist Letter Network. Mouat edited the secularist journal The Freethinker August 1966 – January 1967. According to The Freethinker's historian, Jim Herrick: > She introduced personal articles from readers describing "How I Became a > Humanist" and invited much discussion of the role of humanism.
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Hendrik Wyermars, Den ingebeelde chaos, en gewaande werels-wording der oude, en hedendaagze wysgeeren, veridelt en weerlegt. Amsterdam: Wybrant Alexanders, 1710. It was occasioned by his criticism of a book by a fellow freethinker from Utrecht, Dirk Santvoort (1653-1712), who had suggested that the world in its present form is not eternal (although he believed matter and motion were).
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This and other critical to ironic contributions in Bengali newspapers from Dhaka gave rise to his reputation as a freethinker and a critic of religion. It also brought him into contact with other similarly-minded online activists. The school beatings persisted until he went to college. There, he began to engage himself in politics, against police violence, for women's rights and for more democracy.
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James Joseph Lippard (born 1965) is an American skeptic and activist freethinker. Lippard works for Global Crossing as its head of information security. He founded the Phoenix Skeptics in 1985 and was its executive director until 1988, and edited The Arizona Skeptic from 1991–1993. He is the former president (2003–2005) of the Internet Infidels and former webmaster for the Skeptics Society (1994 to 1997).
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Wyrouboff was also a freethinker, an asset to the secularist Third Republic, while Tannery was Catholic. Tannery died soon thereafter, on 27 November 1904, in Pantin, just outside Paris. His wife, Marie, would survive until 1945, and she published several of his works posthumously, helping to ensure that his legacy would live on. He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1904 in Heidelberg.
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In Germany militant Darwinismus elevated Darwin to heroic status. When the eminent Freethinker Doctor Ludwig Büchner requested an audience he thought he was greeting a noble ally. To Darwin this was a grotesque misunderstanding, but he felt unable to refuse. Darwin's wife Emma Darwin expressed her expectation that their guest "will refrain from airing his very strong religious opinions" and invited their old friend the Revd.
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Born in Madrid, she wrote under the masculine pen name of Remigio Andres Delafon. In 1884, she became the first woman speaker in the Ateneo de Madrid. She was considered to be both controversial and a bold freethinker in her time. Her radical thinking and critique on many controversial subjects of religious dogmatism, atheistic approach, illegitimate births, civil marriage (with the eventuality of divorce) created serious controversies.
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According to Maurice Vallery-Radot,Pasteur, 1994, p. 378. the false quotation appeared for the first time shortly after the death of Pasteur.In Pasteur's Semaine religieuse ... du diocèse de Versailles, October 6, 1895, p. 153. However, despite his belief in God, it has been said that his views were that of a freethinker rather than a Catholic, a spiritual more than a religious man.
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The church is indeed designed in the classic style of an early basilica with a campanile or detached bell tower. For the Danish Lutheran community, its style and rich ornamentation were rather unconventional, prompting a fair amount of criticism at the time. At one point, Carl Jacobsen was described by his own priest as a freethinker, unready to follow the trends and the dogma of the day.
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Rosalind Minsky, Psychoanalysis and Gender (1996) p. 134 His father's influence was that of an enterprising freethinker who encouraged his son's creativity. Winnicott described himself as a disturbed adolescent, reacting against his own self-restraining "goodness" acquired from trying to assuage the dark moods of his mother. These seeds of self-awareness became the basis of his interest in working with troubled young people.
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His writings frequently condemned organized religion, Christianity in particular, as a tool used by the upper classes to maintain control over the working class. In the realm of opposition to religion, he has been ranked beside Clarence Darrow and Madalyn Murray O'Hair as a leading American freethinker of the twentieth century.Brown, M. (1978). Freethought in the United States: A Descriptive Bibliography, Greenwood Press. p.69.
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While a noted freethinker in the 1850s and 1860s, later in life Vacherot had remorse over the growth of atheistic anticlericalism and returned to both Catholicism and monarchism, receiving Catholic burial upon his death. The Vacherot brothers, André and Marcel, both french tennis champions, were grandsons of Étienne Vacherot.Family tree of Étienne Vacherot, Marcel is noticed as his grandson (André is missing), published at the Geneanet Website.
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There seemed to be no danger, and his wife was reading aloud to him as he lay in bed, when his mind began to wander. He probably never regained his senses before he died. At one period of his life Jenkin was a freethinker, holding all dogmas as 'mere blind struggles to express the inexpressible.' Nevertheless, as time went on he returned to Christianity.
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Baginski was born in 1864 in Bartenstein (now Bartoszyce), a small East Prussian town. His father was a shoemaker who had been active in the 1848 revolution and was thus shunned by the conservative inhabitants of the village. Under his fathers influence, Baginski read freethinker August Specht's writings and Berliner Freie Presse, Johann Most's newspaper, in his youth. After school Baginski became his father's apprentice.
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According to her obituary in The Freethinker, March 1988: > Despite failing health and infirmity, Mrs Venton remained independent and > lived alone until a few months before her death. Last September, in the > early hours of the morning, she had a serious fall and was not found for > several hours. After that she never left hospital. There was a secular > committal ceremony at Southend-on-Sea Crematorium.
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Jo Gjende Jo Gjende (1794 – 27 February 1884) was a Norwegian outdoorsman and freethinker. He is believed to have been the model for Henrik Ibsen’s Peer Gynt. He was born in Vågå, the son of Tjøstolv Olsson Kleppe of Sygaard (a well-known rabble-rouser, also called "Galin-Tjøstolv", who died in 1797) and Marit Pedersdotter (died 1803) from Horgje in Heidal. He had four siblings.
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Mouat died in St Catherine's Hospice, Crawley, on 3 September 1986. She was 66. According to The Freethinker, > The Rev Eric Hayden, rector of Cuckfield, conducted a secular service which > included readings from Voltaire and D'Holbach, at the Surrey and Sussex > Crematorium, Worth. Kit Mouat's husband said: "Although she was an atheist, > she dearly wished to have the funeral conducted by the village rector".
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The school board for the Bloomdale, Indiana, high school quickly sizes up Mike Butler (David Cryer), the new English teacher, as the kind of brash freethinker who wants to let kids mark in their books, read novels, and think for themselves. He even teaches poetic scansion with a basketball. But Albert McKinley (David Sabin), the principal, defends him. Albert is a very kind man.
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Hafid Bouazza honoured as "Freethinker of the Year" (2014). Hafid Bouazza (, ḥafīẓ būʿazza) (born 8 March 1970 in Oujda, Morocco) is a Moroccan-Dutch writer. Bouazza came to the Netherlands in October 1977 as a seven-year-old boy. He lived with his parents in the village Arkel, near Gorinchem, until he went to study Arabic language and literature at the University of Amsterdam.
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As a freethinker, he had demanded to be cremated at his death and, because Belgian law did not permit it at the time, was cremated in France. His funeral was attended by King Albert I and the former prime minister, Charles de Broqueville. Bernheim is memorialised by an avenue in Etterbeek and by a public statue by Edmond de Valériola on the Square Marie-Louise, both in Brussels.
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With Unde începe noaptea, Sergiu Dan spoke about his own experience as a victim of Nazism and of Ion Antonescu's regime, with additional detail on the January 1941 Pogrom. The book carries a motto from the freethinker Léon Bloy: "Only Jewish tears are the heaviest. Theirs is the weight of many centuries." Centered on Jewish industrialist David Bainer, the narrative progresses over the slow degeneration into racial antisemitism, culminating in deportation.
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Balakirev apparently never married nor had any children since none are mentioned in biographical sources. In his earlier days he was politically liberal, a freethinker and an atheist; for a while, he considered writing an opera based on Chernishevsky's nihilistic novel What is to Be Done?.Trauskin, Stravinsky, 71–3. For a while in the late 1860s he frequented a soothsayer to learn his fate with the Russian Musical Society.
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She had two older siblings, Gisela and Auguste (Gusti), and five younger: Moriz (Fritz), Carola (Lola), Frida and Walter; all eight, including the five girls, ultimately pursued an advanced education. Though Jewish, her father was a confirmed freethinker, and she was brought up as such. As an adult, she converted to Christianity, following Lutheranism, and was baptised in 1908. Her sisters Gisela and Lola converted to Catholicism that same year.
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Leaving publishing in 1980, Duke began working as a public relations executive for British Transport Hotels. When the company was privatized, Duke left in 1983 to work for Citigate Publishing and pursue freelance work. In 1996, Duke left Citigate to look after a terminally ill partner, but continued to write freelance. In 1997, Duke took over as the interim editor of The Freethinker, following the death of previous editor Peter Brearey.
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Secor was a staunch Freethinker, opposing organized religion. His parents were once Roman Catholic, but lost faith in the Church and became Freethinkers as well, which supposedly influenced Secor's spiritual skepticism. In 1907, Secor ran for another mayoral term, but lost to Alex Horlick, a Republican. The defeat resulted in his retirement from politics, but he remained active in producing new patents and designs for his trunks until his death.
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Lelio Sozzini was born at Siena. His family descended from Sozzo, a banker at Percenna (Buonconvento), whose second son, Mino Sozzi, settled as a notary at Siena in 1304. Mino Sozzi's grandson, Sozzino (d. 1403), was the founder of a line of patrician jurists and canonists, Mariano Sozzini the elder (1397-1467) being the first and the most famous, and traditionally regarded as the first freethinker in the family.
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Bell married Emily Magnus (c. 1839–1893), another freethinker who was an actor and classical musician. They had a daughter Ernestine (1871–1959); an older daughter had died in an outbreak of typhoid at Barnes, London, where they had moved to be close to Henry Davis Pochin and his wife Agnes. Ernestine married the doctor Herbert Mills (1868–1947) who shared her Fabian views; and is known as an artist.
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Joseph Lewis (June 11, 1889 – November 4, 1968) was an American freethinker and atheist activist, publisher, and litigator. During the mid-twentieth century, he was one of America's most conspicuous public atheists, the other being Emanuel Haldeman-Julius. Born in Montgomery, Alabama to a Jewish family, he was forced by poverty to leave school at the age of nine to find employment. He read avidly, becoming self-educated.
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He also debated with other public theologians of the day. As time went on, he became more and more skeptical of revealed religion, causing schisms in the churches he administered. Eventually, he and the Universalist Church parted ways after his views became too far removed from Christianity. Kneeland became a freethinker and pantheist, saying that the Universalist's Christian God was "nothing more than a chimera of their own imagination".
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André Lorulot (born Georges André Roulot; 23 October 1885 – 1963) was a French individualist anarchist and freethinker, born in Paris, in the district of Gros-Caillou. Lorulot was known for his exploration of anticlerical ideas, including in his most famous book Why I am an Atheist, published in 1933 with a foreword by Han Ryner. Lorulot chaired the National Federation of Freethought and co-founded the newspapers L'Anarchie and La Calotte.
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As a child, Darwin attended Shrewsbury Unitarian Church Charles Darwin was born during the Napoleonic Wars and grew up in their aftermath, a conservative time when Tory-dominated government closely associated with the established Anglican Church of England repressed Radicalism, but when family memories recalled the 18th-century Enlightenment and a multitude of Non-conformist churches held differing interpretations of Christianity. His Whig supporting extended family of Darwins and Wedgwoods was strongly Unitarian, though one of his grandfathers, Erasmus Darwin, was a freethinker, and his father was quietly a freethinker but as a physician avoided any social conflict with his wealthy Anglican patrons. While Darwin's parents were open enough to changing social pressures to have Charles baptised in the Church of England, his pious mother took the children to the Unitarian chapel. After her death when he was only eight he became a boarder at the Shrewsbury School, an Anglican public school.
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Al-Ma'arri was a skeptic in his beliefs who denounced superstition and dogmatism in religion. This, along with his general negative view on life, has made him described as a pessimistic freethinker. One of the recurring themes of his philosophy was the right of reason against the claims of custom, tradition, and authority. Al-Ma'arri taught that religion was a "fable invented by the ancients", worthless except for those who exploit the credulous masses.
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In 1871 he became a Unitarian minister, and preached for several years in various states. He then renounced the Christianity and became an avowed freethinker. He attacked the Bible and Christianity upon the platform, and for 20 years probably making more speeches against them than any other American, speaking almost every day for months together. Putnam was married to Louise Howell for eighteen years, they divorced in 1885 due to religious differences.
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Many of Thiensville's founders were German immigrants who were members of freethinker societies. They actively worked to keep organized churches out of the community, and succeeded for the first eight decades of the village's existence. When St. Cecilia Catholic Church and School was built in 1919, it was the first church in the village. St. Cecilia merged with St. James Catholic Church of Mequon in 1984 to form Lumen Christi Catholic Church and School.
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During this time he became interested in social reform and the works of John Stuart Mill. He was introduced by his Dorset friend Horace Moule to the works of Charles Fourier and Auguste Comte. Mill's essay On Liberty was one of Hardy's cures for despair, and in 1924 he declared that "my pages show harmony of view with" Mill. He was also attracted to Matthew Arnold's and Leslie Stephen's ideal of the urbane liberal freethinker.
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University of California Press. p. 551. "Free Society was the principal English-language forum for anarchist ideas in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century." The publication staunchly advocated free love and women's rights and critiqued comstockery—censorship of sexual information. In 1901, Catalan anarchist and freethinker Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia established modern or progressive schools in Barcelona in defiance of an educational system controlled by the Catholic Church.
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Edamaruku demonstrating the trick to "create" holy ash in a village in Uttar Pradesh state in India. Edamaruku has been active in the Indian Rationalist Association (IRA) from the age of 15. Before becoming the president in 2005, he served as the General Secretary beginning in 1983, and has been the editor of its publication Modern Freethinker. His many books and articles deal mainly with rationalistic thoughts and against superstition in India.
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Hendrik Lorentz was born in Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands, the son of Gerrit Frederik Lorentz (1822–1893), a well-off horticulturist, and Geertruida van Ginkel (1826–1861). In 1862, after his mother's death, his father married Luberta Hupkes. Despite being raised as a Protestant, he was a freethinker in religious matters. From 1866 to 1869, he attended the "Hogere Burger School" in Arnhem, a new type of public high school recently established by Johan Rudolph Thorbecke.
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The essay begins with a dialogue between an Italian freethinker Tomasso Crudeli, representing the viewpoint of Diderot, and the Marèchale who is described as an attractive, virtuous, and pious lady. The lady is astonished that a person like Crudeli, who has no religious belief, should have the moral principles of a believer. "What! You do not steal, you do not murder, you do not pillage," she asks Crudeli-Diderot. "Very rarely," is the reply.
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Letter from Webster to daughter Eliza, 1837, warning of perils of the abolitionist movement Webster in early life was something of a freethinker, but in 1808 he became a convert to Calvinistic orthodoxy, and thereafter became a devout Congregationalist who preached the need to Christianize the nation.Snyder (1990). Webster grew increasingly authoritarian and elitist, fighting against the prevailing grain of Jacksonian Democracy. Webster viewed language as a tool to control unruly thoughts.
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William J. "Bill" McIlroy (4 July 1928 – 22 August 2013) was a British secularist and atheist activist, writer and editor. McIlroy was for many years editor of The Freethinker (three stints: 1970-71, 1975–December 1976, September 1981–December 1992) and general secretary of the National Secular Society (two stints: 1963-1970, 1972–1977). In 2005, he received a lifetime achievement award from the NSS for 50 years of service to the secularist movement.
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During his time with the IHEU, he led IHEU's worldwide campaigns for the protection of Bangladeshi writer Taslima Nasreen, bringing Pakistani freethinker Younus Shaikh to safety in Europe. In India, he successfully led the campaign for rehabilitation and protecting the rights of Sambhavi, a child who was claimed as a reincarnation of a Buddhist goddess. In 2003, Gogineni was one of the signatories to the Humanist Manifesto. He also identifies himself as a Bright.
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Charles-Auguste Bontemps (1893–1981) was a French individualist anarchist, pacifist, freethinker and naturist activist and writer.Cédric Guerin. "Pensée et action des anarchistes en France : 1950-1970" He was an important personality in the foundation of the francophone Anarchist Federation. The new base principles of the francophone Anarchist Federation were written by Bontemps and Maurice Joyeux which established an organization with a plurality of tendencies and autonomy of federated groups organized around synthesist principles.
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In 1010, he returned to Syria after his mother began declining in health, and continued writing which gained him local respect. Described as a "pessimistic freethinker", al-Ma'arri was a controversial rationalist of his time, citing reason as the chief source of truth and divine revelation.Lloyd Ridgeon (2003), Major World Religions: From Their Origins To The Present, Routledge: London, page 257. He was pessimistic about life, describing himself as "a double prisoner" of blindness and isolation.
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The association activities (1905–14) included participants Edvard Westermarck, Rafael Karsten, Rolf Lager Borg, Knut Tall, Wilhel Bolin, Yrjö Hirn, Georg Schauman, Hjalmar Magnus Eklund, Harry Federley, Söderhjelm, Gunnar Castrén, KH Wiik, Viktor Heikel and Ernst Lampén. The association called for the removal of confessional religious education in schools and the adoption of civil marriage. Westermarck was also a British freethinker member of the organization. tense social situation in the mid-1910s contributed to the deterioration club activities.
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Vonnegut was an atheist and a humanist, serving as the honorary president of the American Humanist Association. In an interview for Playboy, he stated that his forebears who came to the United States did not believe in God, and he learned his atheism from his parents. He did not however disdain those who seek the comfort of religion, hailing church associations as a type of extended family. Like his great-grandfather Clemens, Vonnegut was a freethinker.
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Idem, p. 40. In 1906, it was renamed De Vrije Gedachte ("The Free Thought"), in 1920 the national paper was absorbed into De Vrijdenker ("The Freethinker", 1913–1940) of the branch of Amsterdam, which then became the national edition.God noch autoriteit, p. 144. Because the distribution of De Vrijdenker was considered too dangerous under Nazi rule due to its firm pre-war antifascist attitude, it was immediately terminated when Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940.
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Hittell was a known freethinker in the early Freethought movement as well as a Pantheist as described in his book A Plea for Patheism. Of his more well known books is The Evidences Against Christianity. Upon hearing that Hittell was to write a series of lectures against Christianity, famed early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement Parley P. Pratt sent him a letter. They appeared to be good friends with Pratt mentioning in reply to one Rev.
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Helvetius, a friend of Diderot, was a freethinker; many of his views were also the views of Diderot. The two shared a common acceptance of philosophical materialism, and in many respects their views on metaphysics were identical. The fundamental disagreement boiled down to a few issues on which Diderot was in vehement disagreement with Helvetius. First, Helvetius proposed that human behavior is indistinguishable from animal behavior since both humans and animals obtain knowledge through the five senses.
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For twenty-four years > I have been the official editor of that journal, and for the same period, > President of the National Secular Society, the only organization for the > propagation of militant Freethought in the British Isles. My career as a > lecturer – continuously lecturing – is a record in the history of the > Freethought movement.Cohen (1940, pp.7–8) As such Cohen is both the longest serving President of the NSS and the longest serving editor of The Freethinker.
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His first dialog on the subject was with his grandmother Marfa, who answered his inquiry about God with "Wait until you get older. Then you will understand all this much better". According to Gromyko, "Other adults said basically the same thing" when talking about religion. Gromyko's neighbour at the time, Mikhail Sjeljutov, was a freethinker and introduced Gromyko to new non-religious ideas and told Gromyko that scientists were beginning to doubt the existence of God.
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Clarence Darrow was born in the small town of Farmdale, Ohio, on April 18, 1857, the fifth son of Amirus and Emily Darrow (née Eddy), but grew up in nearby Kinsman, Ohio. Both the Darrow and Eddy families had deep roots in colonial New England, and several of Darrow's ancestors served in the American Revolution. Darrow's father was an ardent abolitionist and a proud iconoclast and religious freethinker. He was known throughout the town as the "village infidel".
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One of the Pastafarians later complained that they were arrested "just for walking".First they began gunning for The Gays, now religious Russian zealots are attacking ... Pastafarians. The Freethinker In February 2014, union officials at London South Bank University forbade an atheist group to display posters of the Flying Spaghetti Monster at a student orientation conference and later banned the group from the conference, leading to complaints about interference with free speech. The Students' Union subsequently apologized.
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Ruard Ganzevoort at an HV event. The Humanistisch Verbond (HV) was founded on 17 February 1946 as a response to 'spiritual nihilism' - that was held partially responsible for the atrocities of the Second World War - and the slighting of the non- religious in the Netherlands. The initiators were, amongst others, Jaap van Praag, Garmt Stuiveling and Jan Brandt Corstius. The widow of the prominent freethinker and humanist Leo Polak, Henriette Polak, was also closely involved in the foundation.
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George B. Lockwood with Charles A. Prosser, The New Harmony Movement. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1905; pg. 69. Owen was assisted in his development of New Harmony by Philadelphian William Maclure, himself a wealthy philanthropist as well as the leading American geologist of the day. Other leading American intellectuals directly participated in the project, including preeminent zoologist Thomas Say, painter Charles Alexandre Lesueur, visionary pedagogue Francis Neef, and Scottish-born feminist and freethinker Frances "Fanny" Wright, among others.
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Spellman maintained a deep personal friendship with J. Edgar Hoover. At the time of Emanuel Haldeman- Julius's death on July 31, 1951, the series would support 1873 active titles. The works continued to be reprinted until the Girard printing plant and warehouse was destroyed by fire in 1978 with 1914 total titles published. In the 1950s the San Diego, California-based atheist-Freethinker publication The Truth Seeker bought out most of their supply and raised prices.
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John Toland (30 November 1670 – 11 March 1722) was an Irish rationalist philosopher and freethinker, and occasional satirist, who wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political philosophy and philosophy of religion, which are early expressions of the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment. Born in Ireland, he was educated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leiden and Oxford and was influenced by the philosophy of John Locke. His first, and best known work, was Christianity not Mysterious (1696).
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During the 1920s and 30s, Bedborough reconnected with the secular movement, writing for the The Freethinker, he published an attack on the Ku Klux Klan in 1936 and a reflection on Havelock Ellis after his death in 1939. He also contributed to the Birth Control Review. In 1934, he published Arms and the Clergy, a compilation of clerical declarations made during the First World War. His last work Prayer: An Indictment, published in 1938, was a secular criticism of prayer.
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Marilla Marks (Young) Ricker (1840-1920) was a suffragist, philanthropist, lawyer, and freethinker. She was the first female lawyer from New Hampshire, and she paved the way for women to be accepted into the bar in New Hampshire. She was also the first woman to run for governor in that state, and the first woman to apply for a federal foreign ambassadorship post. She made significant and lasting contributions to the issues of women's rights and irreligion through her actions and her writings.
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Oswald was a freethought writer and naturalist who did not believe in the supernatural."Dr. Felix Leopold Oswald". Blue-Grass Blade. March 21, 1909. p. 2 Oswald has been described as an outspoken freethinker and one of the greatest advocates of the American freethought world. He authored the book The Secret of the East in 1883 and an article in 1891 that argued Christianity was of Buddhist origin.Oswald, Felix. (1891). Was Christ a Buddhist?. The Arena 3 (1): 193–201.
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The San Diego Natural History Museum, designed by William Templeton Johnson. Abbott was director of the museum from 1922 to 1946. The son of American citizens, Clinton Gilbert Abbott was born in Liverpool, England, on April 17, 1881 to Grace Van Dusen and Lewis Lowe Abbott. Abbott's older brother was the writer and freethinker Leonard Dalton Abbott. Abbott received an A.B. degree from Columbia University in 1903 and pursued graduate studies at Cornell University. He married Dorothy Clarke in 1915.
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Mortimer Wheeler was born on 10 September 1890 in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. He was the first child of the journalist Robert Mortimer Wheeler and his second wife Emily Wheeler (née Baynes). The son of a tea merchant based in Bristol, in youth Robert had considered becoming a Baptist minister, but instead became a staunch freethinker while studying at the University of Edinburgh. Initially working as a lecturer in English literature Robert turned to journalism after his first wife died in childbirth.
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As a freethinker, she was elected Secretary of the Philadelphia chapter of the American Secular Union in 1889. Although a member of the Unitarian faith, Craddock became a student of religious eroticism, then proclaimed she was a Priestess and Pastor of the Church of Yoga. Never married in a traditional sense, Craddock claimed to have a blissful ongoing marital relationship with an angel named Soph. Craddock stated her intercourse with Soph was so noisy, they drew complaints from her neighbors.
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Abildgaard's professor Johan Edvard Mandelberg supplied the decorations to the room. He made a failed attempt to be elected to the post of Academy Director in 1787 and was unanimously elected to the post two years later, serving as director during the period 1789–1791. He had the reputation for being a tyrant and for taking as many of the academy's monumental assignments as possible for himself. Abilgaard was also known as a religious freethinker and an advocate of political reform.
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He was also able to fund the Freethinkers of America's annual deficit; as a result, said freethought historian Robert W. Morrell, "it became in effect his private fiefdom." A bulletin, The Freethinkers of America, was started by Lewis in 1928. In the 1940s it was renamed Freethinker and in the 1950s to its final name Age of Reason (named after Thomas Paine's book The Age of Reason). Contributors to the bulletin were, among others, William J. Fielding, Corliss Lamont and Franklin Steiner.
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Mouat's poetry was published in a variety of publications, including Tribune, Women's Voice, Free Press, Humanist in Canada, The Humanist, Progressive World, The Norseman, Croydon Advertiser, Breakthru international poetry magazine, and The Freethinker. She published three collections of poetry: Time Smoulders, and other poems (1971), Poems of an Angry Dove (1975), and I'm Staying (1985). Her work appeared in the anthology, Eve Before The Holocaust: an anthology of women's poems and stories on the nuclear threat (D. Sealy/Blackrose, 1984).
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Abu Hatim, however, did not explicitly mention Razi by name in his book, but referred to his interlocutor simply as the mulḥid (lit. "heretic"). According to the debate with Abu Hatim, Razi denied the validity of prophecy or other authority figures, and rejected prophetic miracles. He also directed a scathing critique on revealed religions and the miraculous quality of the Quran. Because of being seemingly unrestrained by any religious or philosophical tradition, Razi came to be admired as a freethinker by some.
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She was known as an excellent speaker and writer. Biographer Paul Avrich said that she was "a greater literary talent than any other American anarchist".. She was also known as a tireless advocate for the anarchist cause whose "religious zeal", according to Emma Goldman, "stamped everything she did.". She became pregnant by James B. Elliot, another freethinker, giving birth to their son Harry on June 12, 1890. As de Cleyre and Elliot agreed, their son lived with Elliot, and de Cleyre had no part in his upbringing.
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The influence of the freethinker societies kept formal churches out of the village until 1919, when St. Cecilia Catholic Church was built. Thiensville grew in part because of its location on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, which was constructed in the early 1870s. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Thiensville was one of the most concentrated communities in the Town of Mequon. While most of Mequon was quite rural, Theinsville functioned as a downtown area with stores, mills, and professional services.
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From November 26 – December 5, 2010, Hrab embarked on an entirely fan-organized tour of Australia and New Zealand. The tour began with appearances at The Amazing Meeting Australia, a skeptical and freethinker conference co-sponsored by the Australian Skeptics and the James Randi Educational Foundation. In ten days, Hrab traveled to and played in four Australian states, the Australian Capital Territory and the north and south islands of New Zealand. The tour was named "Styrofoam" after a malapropism created as an inside joke by Kylie Sturgess.
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I don't ever > expect to be reunited with Carl. In 2006, Ann Druyan edited Sagan's 1985 Glasgow Gifford Lectures in Natural Theology into a book, The Varieties of Scientific Experience: A Personal View of the Search for God, in which he elaborates on his views of divinity in the natural world. CDC employees in 1988. Sagan is also widely regarded as a freethinker or skeptic; one of his most famous quotations, in Cosmos, was, "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" (called the "Sagan standard" by some).
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Marghalitha stays with John Kasheesha and his family, until the scandal comes to be known among his family members, which forces Marghalitha to leave so as to avoid conflict within Kasheesha's family. She is taken care for a while by her cousin Rebecca and later makes her way to the jungle retreat of Augustine, a Christian freethinker and social reformer. Here Fr. Kareekkan expresses his desire to leave the priesthood to be with her. Kareekkan attempts to live with Marghalitha and brings her to his parents.
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Susan Jacoby credits Ingersoll for the revival of Thomas Paine's reputation in American intellectual history, which had decreased after the publication of The Age of Reason published during 1794–95. Paine postulated that men, not God, had written the Bible, and Ingersoll included this work in his lectures on freethinking. As the only freethinker of his time with a wide audience outside of the unbelieving circle, he reintroduced Paine's ideas to a new generation. In 2005, a popular edition of Ingersoll's work was published by Steerforth Press.
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Haighton was a freethinker and feminist. She saw the Christian Church, whether Calvinist or Catholic, as an obstacle for women who aspired to intellectual development and autonomy. Therefore, she became a member of the freethinkers' association De Dageraad (which paid attention to the position of women in different countries), becoming the first woman to hold a management position. As the first female board member, she called on women to achieve equal access to education and the labor market with equal pay for equal work.
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Rosa Mayreder depicted on the 500 Austrian schilling banknote. Rosa Mayreder (30 November 1858, in Vienna – 19 January 1938, in Vienna) was an Austrian freethinker, author, painter, musician and feminist. She was the daughter of Marie and Franz Arnold Obermayer who was a wealthy restaurant operator and barkeeper. Rosa had twelve brothers and sisters and although her conservative father did not believe in the formal education of girls he allowed her to participate in the Greek and Latin lessons of one of her brothers.
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Mohammed Younus Shaikh (Punjabi, , born 30 May 1952) is a Pakistani medical doctor, human rights activist and freethinker. When he was a teacher at a medical college in Islamabad, Shaikh was an active member of the South Asia Peace Movement and of the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU). He took part in the Pakistan-India Forum for Peace and Democracy, and was a member of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. A free-thinker, he founded Enlightenment, an organization associated with the IHEU.
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Freethinkers published two short-lived magazines, Vaga (Furrow) in 1931 and Laisvamanis (Freethinker) in 1933, until Šliūpas became editor of the reestablished monthly Laisvoji mintis (Free Thought) in November 1933 (it was published twice a month from 1939). Šliūpas had previously published Laisvoji mintis in the United States in 1910–1915. He continued to edit the magazine up until the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. The magazine devoted significant attention to science and printed many articles (often translated) focused on humanities, particularly history.
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In some countries Humanist or freethinker organisations have arranged courses or camps for non-religious adolescents, in which they can study or work on ethical, social and personal topics important for adult life, followed by a formal rite of passage comparable to the Christian Confirmation. Some of these ceremonies are even called "civil confirmations". The purpose of these ceremonies is to offer a festive ritual for those youngsters, who do not believe in any religion, but nevertheless want to mark their transition from childhood to adulthood.
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171 Ralea identified in him "a freethinker" with "the courage of looking truth in the face", but essentially a "freezing intelligence" of "destructive anarchism", a man "alone within his sarcasm".Ralea, pp. 162–164 A more virulent review came from classicist George Călinescu, who proposed that Zarifopol's one original note was "continuous and systematic persiflage, to the point of annoyance". He attributed such traits to Zarifopol's familiarity with "two sophistic races", Greeks and Jews, his claim in turn criticized by RaleaLucian Boia, Capcanele istoriei.
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Reynolds was born in London and worked as a sub- editor of Oz magazine, editorial assistant on the Rationalist Press Association's Humanist journal, and editor of The Freethinker, before graduation from the London School of Economics. He went on to work in publishing, working at Reader's Digest and becoming a co-founder of Bloomsbury Publishing in 1986. In 1999 he left Bloomsbury to pursue a career as a writer. In 2006 he was a co-founder of Old Street Publishing, of which he is a director.
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John Rowland had worked for the Rationalist Press Association on the Literary Guide (precursor to the New Humanist magazine) and wrote in The Freethinker. During this time Cobell also met the feminist author Daisy L Hobman, who was the initiator of the Brighton and Hove Humanist Group. Denis was invited to give a talk at the Group's first public meeting. Cobell started writing for secular / humanist and socialist publications from the late 1950s and also spoke at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park during the 1960s and 1970s.
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While at the Guardian he met John Bathgate who soon after, in 1875, established the Saturday Advertiser "to foster a national spirit in New Zealand and encourage colonial literature". Bracken also wrote for the Morning Herald and the Catholic The New Zealand Tablet. He was born into a Catholic family, but lapsed, and was a freethinker and a freemason. Bracken became editor and immediately began to encourage local writers. Talented contributors were attracted and the Advertiser’s circulation reached 7000 copies which was a notable achievement for that era.
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He was the oldest of six children, born out of wedlock to two first cousins;McAleer, 282 his sister Lydia also became a writer. His mother, Lydia Very, was known for being an aggressive freethinker who made her atheistic beliefs known to all.Packer, 70 She believed that marriage was only a moral arrangement and not a legal one.Richardson, 302 His father, also named Jones Very, was a captain during the War of 1812 and was held in Nova Scotia for a time by the British as a prisoner of war.
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The Secularist: A Liberal Weekly Review (1876-1877), Foote's first attempt to launch his own publication, in collaboration with George Jacob Holyoake, did not last long. In May, 1881, Foote started a serial publication called The Freethinker, which is still published. As a result of contents of this journal, Foote was charged with blasphemy, and eventually imprisoned for one year with hard labour. On receiving his sentence from Mr Justice North (a devout Catholic), Foote said "with great deliberation" to the Judge "My Lord, I thank you; it is worthy of your creed".
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The East London Institute (Harley House) training center for missionaries. Fanny Grattan Guinness, ca. 1890 From 1860-1872 he was a travelling evangelist in France, America, the Near East and the British Isles. He was compared by some to George Whitefield. He offered to join the China Inland Mission founded by James Hudson Taylor in 1865, but took Taylor's advice to continue his work in London. In September 1866 while in Keighley, Yorkshire, Guinness saw a notice advertising a series of lectures by the freethinker and communist Harriet Law.
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Jon is a former president of the Red River Free Thinkers and publishes frequently on their website. Lindgren's blog, Views of a Freethinker is a Featured Areal Voices in Forum Communications Company's newspapers. Since the blog's inception in 2011 it has had over half a million visits. The blog has evolved into a virulent anti- theist diatribe, evidenced by such blog titles as "Trump Is The Death Rattle Of White Evangelical America", "The No-Priests-Alone-With-Children Project", "Religions Love Rape", "Jesus Killed a Fig tree", and "An Anti Abortion Weapon: Monitoring Miscarrages".
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Many, but not all, brights also identify as atheist, antitheist, humanist (specifically secular humanist), freethinker, irreligionist, naturalist, materialist or physicalist, agnostic, skeptic, or even naturalistic pantheist. Even so, the "movement is not associated with any defined beliefs". The website Brights' Net says its goal is to include the umbrella term bright in the vocabulary of this existing "community of reason". However, "the broader intent is inclusive of the many-varied persons whose worldview is naturalistic", but are in the "general population" as opposed to associating solely with the "community of reason".
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Born in apartheid South Africa, Duke began writing as a trainee journalist in his teens for The Springs Advertiser in 1964. After completing a course in photojournalism in 1967, he moved to The Star (South Africa) newspaper in Johannesburg working as an investigative journalist and The Star's chief court reporter. In 1973, Duke moved to the UK, where he continued to write anti- apartheid pieces for Argus Newspapers (now Independent News and Media). In 1974 Duke joined publishing company Broadstrood Press whilst beginning to write regularly for The Freethinker.
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Kalinovka was a peasant village; Khrushchev's teacher, Lydia Shevchenko, later stated that she had never seen a village as poor as Kalinovka had been. Nikita worked as a herdsboy from an early age. He was schooled for a total of four years, part in the village parochial school and part under Shevchenko's tutelage in Kalinovka's state school. According to Khrushchev in his memoirs, Shevchenko was a freethinker who upset the villagers by not attending church, and when her brother visited, he gave the boy books which had been banned by the Imperial Government.
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He later praised his early schooling for its liberal approach to education, particularly its unusual choice to teach Indian, Eurasian and European children from different social classes together as peers. Derozio's later religious skepticism is sometimes attributed to David Drummond, who was known as a freethinker. Derozio was a successful student: notices in the India Gazette and the Calcutta Journal at the time mentioned Derozio's academic excellence (including several academic prizes) and successful performances in student plays. While a student, he read the poetry of his contemporaries, John Keats, Percy Shelley, and Lord Byron.
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D'Aulnoy was born in Barneville-la-Bertran, in Normandy, as a member of the noble family of Le Jumel de Barneville. She was the niece of Marie Bruneau des Loges, the friend of François de Malherbe and of Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac. In 1666, she was given at the age of fifteen (by her father) in an arranged marriage to a Parisian thirty years older—François de la Motte, Baron d'Aulnoy, of the household of the Duke of Vendôme. The baron was a freethinker and a known gambler.
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Civil War broke out in England. The king was defeated, tried, and executed (1649). Thus Hume's first volume ends at the start of England's short-lived experiment with republicanism. Of the book's reception, Hume wrote: > I was assailed by one cry of reproach, disapprobation, and even detestation; > English, Scotch, and Irish, Whig and Tory, churchman and sectary, > freethinker and religionist, patriot and courtier, united in their rage > against the man, who had presumed to shed a generous tear for the fate of > Charles I, and the Earl of Strafford.
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In 1734, George Berkeley published The Analyst in which he attacked the calculus as flawed and ultimately absurd. Between 1734 and 1742, Jurin published over three hundred pages in robust rebuttal of Berkeley, many of them employing his favourite weapon of satire. The publications, some under the pseudonym Philalethes Cantabrigensis, included Geometry no Friend to Infidelity, or A Defence of Sir Isaac Newton & the British Mathematicians (1734) and The Minute Mathematician, or The Freethinker no Just Thinker (1735). Berkeley quickly withdrew from the debate and Jurin turned his attentions on Robins and Henry Pemberton.
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Francisco Ferrer i Guàrdia (1859–1909) was a radical freethinker, anarchist, and educationist behind a network of secular, private, libertarian schools in and around Barcelona. His execution, following a revolt in Barcelona, propelled Ferrer into martyrdom and grew an international movement of radicals and liberals, who established schools in his model and promoted his schooling approach. Ferrer was raised on a farm near Barcelona, where he developed republican and anti-clerical convictions. As a train conductor, he transmitted messages for the republican leader Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla, exiled in France.
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The age for participating in the Jugendweihe is 13–14 years. Before the ceremony the youngsters attend specially arranged events or a course, in which they work on topics like history and multiculturalism, culture and creativity, civil rights and duties, nature and technology, professions and getting a job, as well as lifestyles and human relations. Nowadays there are many different groups organising Jugendweihes, but the most important ones are Jugendweihe Deutschland e. V., der Humanistische Verband Deutschland ('the Humanist Association of Germany'), der Freidenkerverband ('the Freethinker Association') and die Arbeiterwohlfahrt ('the Worker Welfare').
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73–89 These apostasy wars split the two major sects of Islam – Sunni and Shia, and caused numerous deaths.Wilferd Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate, Cambridge University Press, Barnaby Rogerson (2007), The Heirs of Muhammad: Islam's First Century and the Origins of the Sunni-Shia Split, Sunni and Shia sects of Islam have long called each other as apostates of Islam.Lesley Hazleton, After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam, , pp. 76–78 The term Zindīq refers to a freethinker, atheist or a heretic.
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Harriet Teresa Law (née Frost, 5 November 1831 – 19 July 1897) was a leading British freethinker in 19th-century London. The daughter of a small farmer, she was raised as a "Strict Baptist" but de-converted back to atheism. She became a salaried speaker for the secularist movement and addressed many often hostile audiences around the country. She was invited to sit on the general council of the First International, the only woman to do so, where she engaged in debate with prominent communists including Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
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London: Elek Books - rear dust jacket He worked in various jobs as a sketch artist, public relations officer, and journalist and became a lecturer in liberal studies, English language and literature, British life and institutions, journalism and humanism.President Charles Bradlaugh, MP (1971). London: Elek Books - rear dust jacket In Britain, David Tribe was chair of Humanist Group Action (1961-1964), President of the National Secular Society (1963-1971), editor of The Freethinker (1966). He was also an executive committee member of the National Council for Civil Liberties (1961-1972).President Charles Bradlaugh, MP (1971).
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In New Humanist, Jim Herrick wrote that "his acceptance of the Freethinker editorship could be seen as the culmination of his career. His editorship was innovative yet faithful to the past." Keith Porteous Wood, then General Secretary of the National Secular Society (of which Brearey was a vice-president), noted that Brearey "kept the magazine as much as possible away from involvement in arguments in the movement, saddened by the energy they dissipated." A couple of months before his death he and his wife had moved to Orkney.
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Later, in the midst of his myriad duties on Beaver Island, he would find time to found and publish the Daily Northern Islander, the first newspaper in northern Michigan.Fitzpatrick, p. 208. Strang, who once described himself as a "cool philosopher" and a freethinker, became a Baptist minister but left in February 1844 to join the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. He quickly found favor with Joseph Smith, though they had known each other only a short time, and was baptized personally by him on February 25, 1844.
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I inherited > a tenacious memory, to which from babyhood upwards I committed particulars > of numerous events and incidents, tales and songs: once my observations … > were … committed to memory, nothing has been able to dispossess me of them. This memory served his interests in bellringing and singing well and provided the material for the Reminiscences. Albery describes him as "an honest and bold Freethinker"Burstow (1911), 4 and he was remembered in Horsham as an admirer of Darwin and an atheist. Local tradition tells that when reproached by the Rev.
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The freethinker Charles Bradlaugh (1833–1891) was repeatedly elected to the British Parliament, but was not allowed to take his seat after his request to affirm rather than take the religious oath was turned down (he then offered to take the oath, but this too was denied him). After Bradlaugh was re-elected for the fourth time, a new Speaker allowed Bradlaugh to take the oath and permitted no objections.British Humanist Association, Charles Bradlaugh (1833–91) He became the first outspoken atheist to sit in Parliament, where he participated in amending the Oaths Act.
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He was aware that "Ingersoll was in the air",Was wir Ernst Haeckel verdanken, op. cit, S.76. a reference to the ideas of Robert G. Ingersoll the American freethinker and agnostic, and Scheffauer admitted that at first he looked upon Ingersoll and his followers as "enemies", and intellectually cowering, as it were, he read The Night Thoughts (1742) of the deeply religious English poet Edward Young to reaffirm his faith."Ich führte gegen sie flammende Stellen aus dem durch und durch düsteren Werk Youngs, den "Nachtgedanken", an." op. cit.
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In 2007 the Secular Coalition for America pledged a $1,000 reward to the person identifying the highest level elected official to openly acknowledge no supernatural beliefs. The "Find an Atheist, Humanist, Freethinker Elected Official Contest" concluded with the announcement that Rep. Pete Stark (D-Calif.), a member of the United States Congress since 1973, held the highest office of four public servants to acknowledge a secular world view to the Coalition after being nominated by a contestant. Stark was the first Congressional member to publicly self-identify with the freethought community.
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Although she showed interest in socialism, pacifism, vegetarianism and feminism amongst other topics, her views escaped restrictive categorisations. Her published works and other surviving writings promote implicit values such as moderation, friendship, and understanding amongst all peoples, and avoid the pitfalls of political radicalism, which she consciously eschewed. Called a lifelong freethinker, she also continued to adhere to the spirit of the Christian Bible and developed a secular version of the worldview of her missionary parents, with mystical elements. Schreiner is also known for her later novel, From Man To Man Or Perhaps Only (1926), published posthumously.
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The War Hound and the World's Pain is a 1981 fantasy novel by English writer Michael Moorcock, the first of the "von Bek" series of novels. The book is set in Europe ravaged by the Thirty Years' War. Its hero Ulrich von Bek is a mercenary and freethinker, who finds himself a damned soul in a castle owned by Lucifer. Much to his surprise, von Bek is charged by Lucifer with doing God's work, by finding the Holy Grail, the "cure for the world's pain," that will also cure Lucifer's pain by reconciling him with God.
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Rousseau is an atheist, secularist, humanist, naturalist, materialist, freethinker, scientific sceptic and rationalist. In 2006 he established a local community of the Brights movement, which he describes as "an international movement which aims to promote the civic understanding and acknowledgement of the naturalistic world-view, which is free of supernatural and mystical elements". In 2009 he founded the Free Society Institute to promote secularity, scientific reasoning, a naturalistic worldview and freedom of speech. Since 2008 his blog Synapses has focussed on secular issues in South Africa, and he is on the editorial board of International Humanist News.
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Liberal was founded in 1880 by George Walser, an anti-religionist, agnostic lawyer and former state legislator who wished to create an atheist, "freethinker" utopia. It was named after the Liberal League in Lamar, Missouri, which Walser was a member of at the time. Walser purchased of land and advertised across the country for atheists to join his town, which would "have neither God, Hell, Church, nor Saloon". Walser organized a reformed school system that sought to promote liberal education free from the bias of Christian theology, and had instructional classes on Sundays to replace religious services.
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This list of nonreligious Nobel laureates comprises laureates of the Nobel Prize who have self-identified as atheist, agnostic, freethinker, or otherwise nonreligious at some point in their lives. Many of these laureates earlier identified with a religion. In an estimate by Baruch Shalev, between 1901 and 2000, about 10.5% of all laureates, and 35% of those in literature, fall in this category. According to the same estimate, between 1901 and 2000, atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers won 8.9% of the prizes in medicine, 7.1% in chemistry, 5.2% in economics, 4.7% in physics, and 3.6% in peace.
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Although Munson is best remembered as a horticulturist, he was also active in the Freethought movement. In July 1890, when James D. Shaw, the controversial editor of the Independent Pulpit was elected president of the newly formed Texas Liberal Association at a meeting held in Waco, Texas, members chose Munson to serve as treasurer, a post to which he was re-elected the following year in San Antonio, Texas.Samuel P. Putnam, 400 Years of Freethought (New York: The Truth Seeker Company, 1894), 552-3. Munson also subscribed to infidel newspapers such as the Blue-grass Blade and occasionally lectured at Freethinker meetings.
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Cohen also succeeded Foote as President of the National Secular Society. Foote's tradition of militant journalism was maintained by CC, although the style changed from an emphasis on biblical criticism to criticism of religion based on a materialistic philosophy and the findings of science, particularly evolution. CC was a prolific author and his writing is characterized by a clarity of style and intellectual rigour. Between the Wars CC dominated the NSS. A study of CC's engagements as listed in The Freethinker reveal that during the 1919 indoor lecturing season, he spoke at no less than 34 venues on more than 50 occasions.
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Charles Lohman worked in the printing industry, and at the time was a printer for the New York Herald. Lohman was a radical and freethinker, a friend and colleague of George Matsell, the publisher of the radical journal the Free Inquirer. With Matsell, Lohman was involved in the publication of Robert Dale Owen's book Moral Physiology; or, a Brief and Plain Treatise on the Population Question (1831) and Charles Knowlton's Fruits of Philosophy; or, The Private Companion of Young Married People (1831). Ann's brother, Joseph Trow, had also emigrated to New York, and was working as a sales assistant in a pharmacy.
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There is no such denial, > what you call God I call Nature, the Supreme intelligence that rules matter. > All the article states is that it is doubtful in my opinion if our > intelligence or soul or whatever one may call it lives hereafter as an > entity or disperses back again from whence it came, scattered amongst the > cells of which we are made. He also stated, "I do not believe in the God of the theologians; but that there is a Supreme Intelligence I do not doubt."The Freethinker (1970), G.W. Foote & Company, Volume 90, p.
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By 1871, Beckwith had made heating stoves his primary product (though he would continue manufacturing grain drills until his death) and the Round Oak Stove Company was born. Beckwith's company provided relatively high wages for the times and the, then, nearly unheard of benefit of sick pay. The town was, as a result, relatively insulated from the labor struggles occurring in the larger cities at the time. Beckwith, was a committed freethinker who wanted to "make the townsfolk aware and appreciative of those his personal pantheon of heroes and heroines whom he considered to be the true benefactors of the human race".
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John Toland was the first person called a freethinker (by Bishop Berkeley) and went on to write over a hundred books in various domains but mostly dedicated to criticising ecclesiastical institutions. A great deal of his intellectual activity was dedicated to writing political tracts in support of the Whig cause. Many scholars know him for his role as either the biographer or editor of notable republicans from the mid-17th century such as James Harrington, Algernon Sidney and John Milton. His works "Anglia Libera" and "State Anatomy" are prosaic expressions of an English republicanism which reconciles itself with constitutional monarchy.
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Severiano de Heredia was a radical progressive and a secular-minded freethinker, having fought in favor of public school and continuing education. As a strong advocate for the separation of church and state he played a very active role in the struggle for free, secular and compulsory education, professional training and the creation of municipal libraries. As an early ecologist, he devoted himself to improving the electric car. Some versions claim that his last years were dedicated to work in the development of the electric car, which is why some qualify him as a pioneer of environmentalism.
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Grant was born at Argyll Square in Edinburgh (demolished to create Chambers Street), the son of Alexander Grant WS, and his wife, Jane Edmond.Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1793-94 He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh then studied Medicine at Edinburgh University. Having obtained his MD at Edinburgh in 1814, Grant gave up medical practice in favour of marine biology and the zoology of invertebrates, living on a legacy from his father. As a materialist and freethinker, and politically radical, he was open to ideas in biology that were considered subversive in the climate of opinion prevailing in Britain after the Napoleonic Wars.
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Secular Thought (1887–1911) was a Canadian periodical, published in Toronto, dedicated to promoting the principles of freethought and secularism. Founded and edited during its first several years by English freethinker Charles Watts, the editorship was assumed by Toronto printer and publisher James Spencer Ellis in 1891 when Watts returned to England. During that period, Secular Thought was the principal organ of the freethought movement in Canada, publishing large amounts of material from England and the United States in addition to commenting on Canadian affairs.Ramsay Cook, The Regenerators: Social Criticism in Late Victorian English Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985), pp. 46–64.
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Charles Watts then became the leader of the secularist movement in Canada, founding and editing Secular Thought in Toronto, and also regularly went on lecture tours of the US. He returned in 1891 to England, where his son had by then established the periodical Watts's Literary Guide (the forerunner of the New Humanist magazine) to promote secularist activities. Charles Watts rejoined the NSS and continued lecturing, as well as cooperating with Foote on the journal, The Freethinker. He returned to the US and Canada, with Foote, to lecture in 1896, and again visited the US in 1899. He died in England in 1906 at the age of 70.
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His death was related by Chapman Cohen in The Freethinker (31 October 1915): > When I saw him on the Friday (two days) before his death he said, "I have > had another setback, but I am a curious fellow and may get all right again." > But he looked the fact of death in the face with the same courage and > determination that he faced Judge North many years ago. A few hours before > he died he said calmly to those around him, "I am dying." And when the end > came his head dropped back on the pillow, and with a quiet sigh, as of one > falling to sleep, he passed away.
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On October 9, 2015 Waleed was awarded the first Swiss Freethinker Prize. On November 24, 2016, the Law Society of Upper Canada announced that the 2016 Law Society of Upper Canada Human Rights Award would be granted jointly to Waleed Abulkhair and Dr. Cindy Blackstock. In both years 2016 and 2017, Waleed Abulkhair was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by two members of the Norwegian Parliament.Saving Raif Badawi: We Are Prepared to Present Ourselves, Also Give Him the Nobel Peace Prize On October 9, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie accepted the 2018 PEN Pinter Prize and named Waleed Abulkhair as co-winner of the prize.
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No longer able to support themselves financially, the family instead sought to place their sons as apprentices in various occupations. From 1880 to 1883, Wells had an unhappy apprenticeship as a draper at the Southsea Drapery Emporium, Hyde's. His experiences at Hyde's, where he worked a thirteen-hour day and slept in a dormitory with other apprentices, later inspired his novels The Wheels of Chance, The History of Mr Polly, and Kipps, which portray the life of a draper's apprentice as well as providing a critique of society's distribution of wealth. Wells's parents had a turbulent marriage, owing primarily to his mother's being a Protestant and his father's being a freethinker.
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He wrote that "no orthodox [meaning religious] man could meet her in debate". In the winter of 1836, Judge Thomas Hertell, a radical and freethinker, submitted a married women's property act in the legislature of the state of New York to investigate ways of improving the civil and property rights of married women, and to permit them to hold real estate in their own name, which they were not then permitted to do in New York. Upon hearing of the resolution, Ernestine Rose drew up a petition and began the soliciting of names to support the resolution in the state legislature, sending the petition to the legislature in 1838.
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Matilda Joslyn Gage (March 24, 1826 - March 18, 1898) was a women's suffragist, Native American rights activist, abolitionist, freethinker, and author. She is the eponym for the Matilda Effect, which describes the tendency to deny women credit for scientific invention. She was the youngest speaker at the 1852 National Women's Rights Convention held in Syracuse, New York. She was a tireless worker and public speaker, and contributed numerous articles to the press, being regarded as "one of the most logical, fearless and scientific writers of her day". During 1878–1881, she published and edited at Syracuse the National Citizen, a paper devoted to the cause of women.
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The paper did have an opinion column though, written by Peter > Brearey, with the headline "A Time For Calm After The Storm" which argued it > was a time for reconciliation, to get the pits working again and make the > Five Towns a centre for investment. An activist in the National Union of Journalists, his book for young journalists, "Never Say Scoop", was published in 1981. He was editor of The Freethinker (this had been a childhood ambition) from 1993 until his death from cancer at the age of 58. According to the Dictionary of Atheism, Skepticism & Humanism, Brearey "brought color and life to the journal".
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Bloy was born on 11 July 1846 in Notre-Dame-de-Sanilhac, in the arondissement of Périgueux, Dordogne. He was the second of six sons of Jean- Baptiste Bloy, a Voltairean freethinker, and Anne-Marie Carreau, a stern disciplinarian and pious Spanish-Catholic daughter of a Napoleonic soldier. After an agnostic and unhappy youth in which he cultivated an intense hatred for the Roman Catholic Church and its teaching, his father found him a job in Paris, where he went in 1864. In December 1868, he met the aging Catholic author Barbey d'Aurevilly, who lived opposite him in rue Rousselet and who became his mentor.
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Venton joined the National Secular Society and was a friend of Chapman Cohen, serving as a vice-president of the Society for some years. When, in 1971, long-serving president David Tribe unexpectedly decided not to stand again, Venton was elected his successor. She was the only candidate and served as president for only one year before being replaced by Barbara Smoker in 1972. According to her obituary in The Freethinker , > Becoming NSS president in her late seventies, she had a hard act to follow > by succeeding David Tribe, the Society's most effective post-war > president... Mrs Venton had difficulty in adjusting to new methods of > campaigning.
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In 1819, he published also in the Review, "The Bark" and in 1820, a wild and eerie rhapsody, entitled "The Dream". He also wrote several smaller lyrics. Beattie was a freethinker and prone to radicalism in his ideology and was a key member of a small group of like-minded individuals who would meet on a Sunday at the 'Den of Ananias', a picturesque spot near Montrose, to discuss their mutual beliefs. Signature of George Beattie In 1821, Beattie made the acquaintance of a young lady named William Gibson, who was the daughter of his friend, the squire of Stone of Morphie, Robert Gibson.
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Serious conflicts arose, when the school authorities insisted he taught history in accordance with party dogma, which prevailed in the USSR. The eventually led to Shikman frequently changing jobs: he taught history and art history and worked as a senior researcher at the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents. In addition to his various jobs, in 1981 Anatoly began publishing articles and books on remarkable Russians, the history of Moscow, culture, pedagogy and bibliography. Among them: Freethinker Fedor Krechetov// Literary Russia.1981. April 24.; In 1986, Leonid Isidorovich Milgram, the prominent director of director of the Moscow gymnasium No. 45, offered Shikman a job.
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Writer Russ Kick, in his book You Are Being Lied To, describes The Christ Conspiracy as "an essential book for anyone who wants to know the reality behind the world's dominant religion". Conspiracy theorist and publisher Kenn Thomas calls her a "great chronicler of the conspiracy known as Christianity". Baptist comparative religion scholar Clinton Bennett compares her views to those of radical freethinker Robert Taylor (nicknamed "the Devil's chaplain"), secularist MP and Christ-mythicist John M. Robertson, and American mythographer Joseph Campbell. Butler University religion professor James F. McGrath describes her viewpoint as one that "once had some currency among scholars" in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but was subsequently abandoned.
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The subsequent year witnessed the debut of Novelli's Purgatorio, Inferno, Paradiso (Purgatory, Inferno, Paradise). In Britain, the Victorian era Freethinker Samuel Porter Putnam observed that "Novelli. . . was cheered when acquitted on the charges of irreverence and blasphemy."Putnam, Samuel P. (1894). 400 Years of Freethought. New York: The Truth Seeker Company. p. 643. The play critically regarded as Novelli's most notable theatrical work, L'acqua cheta (Still Water), first opened at Florence's Teatro Alfieri on 28 January 1908. Though since hailed as a classic masterpiece of Florentine comedyeven described as the beginning of the modern Florentine vernacular theaterthe work opened to mixed critical reviews that were largely negative, at first receiving a positive review from only one critic, Mario Ferrigni.
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The inheritance left to her by John made her financially independent. Unfortunately, very little is known about John Ricker. It seems likely that he was a freethinker and a supporter of women's rights, as she later wrote: "Give me then the man who is not a Christian, and who has no religion, for if the man who loves his wife and children, who gives to them the strength of his arm, the thought of his brain, the warmth of his head, has not religion, the world is better off without it, for these are the highest and holiest things which man can do."Marilla Ricker, I Don't Know, Do You? (East Aurora, N.Y.: The Roycrofters, 1916), p. 135.
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Involved in the Argentine freethinking movement, in 1903 Abella supported the creation of a feminist center to facilitate discussions, later explaining her “minimum plan of female vindications” at the 1906 Freethinker Congress, arguing for equal opportunities and pay for women. She also campaigned for female divorce rights while facing opposition from the Roman Catholic Church. Even pro-divorce groups left out the female voice and body; in 1905, for instance, Oneto y Viana's proposed bill legalized divorce, but confirmed the reason as female adultery in all cases. Abella also argued that the state had no right to regulate the sex trade, which she announced in a conference in 1906: “Que la prostitución sea tolerada pero no reglamentada.
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The colony had its beginnings in 1846 in Darmstadt, Giessen, and Heidelberg, where Prince Carl of Solms- Braunfels delivered speeches on behalf of the Adelsverein, promoting Texas as a utopian frontier for university graduates. The Darmstadt Forty was a freethinker organization founded by Hermann Spiess, Ferdinand Ludwig Herff, and Gustav Schleicher, and based on ideals of Étienne Cabet and Charles Fourier. The Darmstadt Forty group set sail with dogs, goods, supplies, and an array of musical instruments aboard the St. Pauli from Hamburg in April 1847, arriving in Galveston on July 17. From Galveston they sailed to Indianola, where Adelsverein Commissioner-General John O. Meusebach had arranged for numerous wagons to haul the group and its freight inland.
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Thereafter, Tomić was involved in Serb politics in Habsburg-controlled parts of present-day Serbia (Serbian Vojvodina). Combining interests in socialism and Serbian national politics as did many of his generation, namely Svetozar Marković, Mihailo Polit-Desančić, and Nikola Pašić, he eventually found himself much less of a socialist than an ardent Serbian patriot. Tomić was the editor of Srpsko kolo and Zastava magazines and founder of the People's Freethinker Party (Narodna slobodoumna stranka), which in 1891 became the Radical Party (Radikalna stranka). In 1889, following a drawn-out series of provocations regarding the honour of his wife (Milica Miletić), Tomić stabbed to death a liberal political rival, Miša Dimitrijević, the editor of Branik magazine, in Novi Sad.
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In England the last prominent 19th-century prosecution for blasphemy was the case of R v Ramsey and Foote,R v Ramsey and Foote (1883) 48 LT 739 when the editor, publisher and printer of The Freethinker were sentenced to imprisonment. In 1908, police court proceedings were taken against Harry Boulter for blasphemy uttered at a meeting at Highbury Corner, Hyde Park. An orator with links to the Rationalist movement he was jailed for a month in June 1909 and in November 1911 he was sentenced to three months for repeating the offence. In February 1925, the Glasgow-based radical Guy Aldred was arrested in Hyde Park and charged with blasphemy and sedition.
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She was one of the active promoters of the movement that resulted in the founding of Barnard College. In 1869, she visited the Women's Bureau in New York and soon after, began speaking all over the United States in support of female enfranchisement. She earned a reputation as a freethinker and gained fame when she attacked the well known lectures of Morgan Dix, a clergyman who asserted that woman's inferiority was supported by the Bible. Her lectures, published as Woman's Place To-Day rejected this idea, asserting in one instance that if Eve was inferior to Adam because she was created after him, then by the same logic Adam was inferior to the fishes.
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Pratt between 1852 and 1856 Pratt was a noted religious writer and poet. Many of Pratt's writings are the only credible or lasting accounts from important American and Mormon events, such as the Hauns Mill Massacre and the events and conditions of imprisonment with Smith at Liberty Jail. Pratt's first printed work was "'The Mormons' So Called", a 5500-word account of the persecution of Mormons in Jackson County in 1833.. Pratt wrote an autobiography, published after his death but likely his most widely read work in the 21st century.In the autobiography Pratt said that he was a good friend of Pantheist and freethinker John Shertzer Hittell, author of Evidences Against Christianity.
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Adriaan Koerbagh studied at the universities of Utrecht and Leiden, becoming a doctor in medicine and master in jurisprudence. He was one of the most radical figures of the Age of Enlightenment, rejecting and reviling the church and state as unreliable institutions and exposing theologians' and lawyers' language as vague and opaque tools to blind the people in order to maintain their own power. Koerbagh put the authority of reason above that of dogmas and was thus seen as a true freethinker, although twentieth century notions of him as an anarchist or libertarian cannot be applied with certainty. Koerbagh described the Bible and dogmas like the Trinity and the divine nature of Christ as only the work of men.
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Thomson was born in Port Glasgow, Scotland, and, at the age of eight (after his sister died and his father suffered a stroke), he was sent to London where he was raised in an orphanage, the Royal Caledonian Asylum on Chalk (later Caledonian after the asylum) Road near Holloway. Soon after this his mother died. He spoke with a London accent. He trained as an army schoolmaster at the Royal Military Asylum in Chelsea and served in Ireland, where in 1851, at the age of 17, he made the acquaintance of the 18-year-old Charles Bradlaugh, who was already notorious as a freethinker, having published his first atheist pamphlet a year earlier.
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Sri Lanka was dominated by British colonial power and influence at the time, and many Buddhists heard Olcott's interpretation of the Buddha's message as socially motivating and supportive of efforts to overturn colonialist efforts to ignore Buddhism and Buddhist tradition. This was despite the fact that his re-interpretation of the Buddha was along modern liberal ideas promoted by the British in Sri Lanka. As David McMahan wrote, "Henry Steel Olcott saw the Buddha as a figure much like the ideal liberal freethinker – someone full of 'benevolence,' 'gratitude,' and 'tolerance,' who promoted 'brotherhood among all men' as well as 'lessons in manly self- reliance".McMahan, David L. The Making of Buddhist Modernism USA: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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In 1887, Axon published an article on Shelley's vegetarian aspects of living, for the fifth issue of Almonds and Raisins, along with an essay on vegetarianism in Buddhism, and several short poems. In this article, it is noted that Shelley's diet was "in keeping with his whole character, and essential to his imaginative style of writing." On May 15 and June 20, 1890, he sent two advance letters to writer and ethical vegetarian reformer Henry S. Salt, who was also in the Vegetarian Society, as reported in The British Library Catalogues, concerning the planned lecture on the topic of Shelley's vegetarianism. An advertisement for this lecture appears in the November 9 issue of the secular humanist journal The Freethinker.
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Frances Wright (September 6, 1795 – December 13, 1852), widely known as Fanny Wright, was a Scottish-born lecturer, writer, freethinker, feminist, Utopian Socialist, abolitionist, social reformer, and Epicurean philosopher, who became a US citizen in 1825. The same year, she founded the Nashoba Commune in Tennessee, as a utopian community to demonstrate how to prepare slaves for eventual emancipation, but the project lasted only five years. In the late 1820s Wright was the first woman lecturer to speak publicly before gatherings of men and women in the United States about political and social-reform issues. She advocated universal education, the emancipation of slaves, birth control, equal rights, sexual freedom, legal rights for married women, and liberal divorce laws.
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As of June 2013, the Geisel School of Medicine claims 4,891 living graduates active in medicine around the world. Geisel cites its required clerkships as a mechanism for allowing students to make connections and obtain real-world experience. Fourth-year students are prepared for residency with counseling classes; recent graduates have most commonly taken their residencies at Geisel itself, Harvard Medical School, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Brown Medical School. Alumni of Geisel/Dartmouth Medical School who have become notable medical practitioners, educators and researchers include physician and freethinker Charles Knowlton, physician Robert O. Blood, ophthalmologist and epidemiologist John D. Bullock, and attending physician at the United States Capitol John Francis Eisold.
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When Bradlaugh was ultimately admitted in 1886, he took up the issue and saw the Oaths Act 1888 passed, which confirmed the right to optionally affirm declarations for inaugurations to office and offering testimony to government bodies. In 1881, The Freethinker began circulation as Britain's longest-running humanist periodical. In 1896, the Union of Ethical Societies was formed in the United Kingdom by American Stanton Coit as a union of pre-existing British Ethical movement societies; this group would later become known as the Ethical Union and the British Humanist Association. In 1899, the Rational Press Association was formed by a group of free-thinkers including Charles Albert Watts and George Holyoake.
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Paul Hilton (born 1970, Oldham, Lancashire), is an English actor on stage, radio, and TV. He trained at the Welsh College of Music & Drama. He has starred as "William Palmer" in the Pilgrim radio dramas on BBC Radio 4's Afternoon Play series and appeared in TV programmes including Garrow's Law (as freethinker Joseph Hamer), The Bill, Silent Witness, Wire in the Blood, Midsomer Murders (in the episode "The Oblong Murders"), Robin Hood, and has had regular character roles in True Dare Kiss (as Dennis Tyler) and Casualty 1909 (as Henry Percy Dean). Hilton also appeared in the film Klimt and as Mr. Earnshaw Snr. in Andrea Arnold's 2011 adaptation of Wuthering Heights.
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Celso Sozzini (1517–1570) was an Italian freethinker, brother of Alessandro (father of Fausto), Lelio, Cornelio, Dario, and Camillo.Giampaolo Zucchini Celso e Camillo Sozzini nel gruppo ereticale familiare : Nuovi documenti in Svizzera, 1561-1570 Bologna 1981Borgo Scopeto "At the beginning of the 4th century some members of the Sozzini were already participating in the magistrature of the Sienese Republic, but it is only towards the end of the 15th century and during the 16th that Cornelio, Dario, Lelio, Camillo and Fausto assembled, with great enthusiasm, the theses for reform which spread throughout many scholarly academies." Celso's father Mariano Sozzini il giovane (1482–1556) had eleven sons and two daughters. Alessandro, father of Fausto Sozzini, was the eldest but died young.
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However, soon after chairman Jan Hoving started his speech on the controversial topic of "Mussolini as freethinker, and as suppressor of the freedom of thought", the broadcast was interrupted by the commission, that later stated he had offended 'the Prime Minister of a befriended nation of the Netherlands', and damaged the reputation of 'the Chief of the Roman Catholic Church'. The act of censorship was widely condemned by the other media from left to right, and eventually the minister had to admit intervening too quickly, granting the VRO permission to continue broadcasting.Idem, p. 138–139. It took several more years before the VRO was given an official and regular airtime: in the summer of 1932, it was assigned an hour on the first Saturday of every month.
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Maureen Duffy was the first gay woman in British public life today to be open about her sexuality. She "came out publicly in her work in the early 1960s" and made public comments before male homosexual acts were decriminalised in 1967.See the TV programme Late Night Lineup – "Man Alive", 14 June 1967, BBC Archive website. In 1977 she published The Ballad of the Blasphemy Trial, a broadside against the trial of the Gay News newspaper for "blasphemous libel".The Freethinker, August 1977, accessed 4 October 2013. As first President of the Gay Humanist Group from 1980 (renamed GALHA, the Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association, in 1987) she spoke out on many issues such as the human rights of those with HIV and AIDs.
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Crudeli-Diderot then goes on to mischievously state that there is no reason for a religious person, who is also honest, to not be as high principled as a freethinker like himself. The lady states that she expects to be rewarded for the virtuous life she is now leading ; had she not been convinced of the rewards and punishments for her conduct that awaited her in the afterlife she may have been tempted to indulge in wrongdoing. Crudeli-Diderot gives a parable of a young Mexican who has fallen asleep on a raft in the ocean. When he wakes up he finds he is in a distant land where he is welcomed by a venerable old man who is the ruler here.
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Modern non-religious coming-of-age ceremonies originate in Germany, where Jugendweihe ("youth consecration", today occasionally known as Jugendfeier, 'youth ceremony') began in the 19th century. The activity was arranged by independent Freethinker organizations until 1954, when the Communist party of East Germany banned it in its old form and changed it to promote Communist ideology. In the GDR Jugendweihe became, with the support of the state, the most popular form of coming-of-age ceremonies for the adolescents, replacing the Christian confirmation. After the reunification of Germany, the Jugendweihe activity regained its independence from Communism, but the non-religious rite of passage had become a tradition, and thus approximately 60-70% of youngsters in the eastern states still participate in it.
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These were relations of proximity in the first place: he was sometimes depicted as a protégé of goddess Athena, but in Attic comedies he was also assimilated to god Zeus, in an analogy that was in no way flattering. But then, there were also relations that emphasized distance: some philosophical accounts presented him as a man close to the sophists or even as a freethinker. Finally, there were relations involving irreverence: some later and less trustworthy sources made much of several trials for impiety in which those close to him were involved, and this raises the question of religious tolerance in fifth-century Athens and, in particular, how far individuals enjoyed freedom of thought when faced with the civic community.Vincent Azoulay, 2014.
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A full-size mock-up of the statue and base, as sculpted by freethinker Armand Bloch, was inaugurated on 3 September 1905 at the Congress of Freethinkers. The following year, 1906, the statue was cast in bronze and was placed 'provisionally' by the Paris City Council at the gate of the Sacré-Cœur basilica during a ceremony which was attended by approximately 25,000 spectators. In 1926 the statue of the Chevalier de la Barre on Montmartre was moved away from the approach of the basilica entrance to the nearby and lower elevation of Square Nadar. This original Chevalier de la Barre statue by Bloch was eventually toppled on 11 October 1941 and melted down with other non-religious statues by the Vichy France regime under Marshal and Chief of State of Vichy France Philippe Pétain.
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Nugent was given the award of International Atheist of the Year 2017 by the Kazimierz Lyszczynski Foundation in Warsaw, Poland, along with Fauzia Ilyas, founder of the Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan. He said that he accepted the award on behalf of all of the work done by everybody in Atheist Ireland.International Atheist of the Year ceremony held in Poland Barry Duke, The Freethinker, 4 Apr 2017 He argued for secularism and ethical atheism and against blasphemy laws at the Freedom From Religion Convention in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.FFRF Raleigh Regional Convention Overview FFRF, May 2014 He spoke at the 2010 Gods and Politics international atheist conference in Copenhagen, Denmark.Speakers Gods and Politics, 18–20 June 2010 Nugent spoke at the 2012 European Atheist Convention in Cologne, Germany, against blasphemy and apostasy laws.
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By the German revolutions of 1848–49, Leiningen had achieved much reputation as a liberal reformer and freethinker. He advocated the implementation of parliamentarism and openly criticized aristocracy's privileges; therefore, he was appointed Prime Minister of Revolutionary Germany by Regent (Reichsverweser) Archduke John of Austria on 6 August 1848. With a Catholic head of state and a Lutheran head of government, an equilibrium was reached in German dualism; moreover, Leiningen's close relations to the British Royal House were generally appreciated. His cabinet initially could rely on a liberal and left-wing majority in the newly established Frankfurt Parliament, however, as early as on 5 September, he resigned over the Schleswig-Holstein Question when in the First Schleswig War King Frederick William IV of Prussia unilaterally signed an armistice with Denmark at Malmö.
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Feminism in Argentina is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women in Argentina. Although some women have been considered precursors—among them Juana Manso and Juana Manuela Gorriti—feminism was introduced to the country as a result of the great European immigration wave that took place in the late 19th and early 20th century. The first feminists did not form a unified movement, but included anarchist and socialist activists, who incorporated women's issues into their revolutionary program, and prestigious freethinker women, who initially fought for access to higher education and, later, legal equality with men. Despite the efforts of the first-wave feminists, Argentine women did not acquire the right to vote until 1947, during Juan Perón's first government.
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Duke was involved in the Anti-Apartheid Movement and on arriving in the UK as a refugee from South Africa continued supporting the African National Congress. Duke strongly opposed the Nationwide Festival of Light, and worked alongside The Freethinker and National Secular Society to try to counter its effects and influence. In 1979, Duke was a founding member of the Gay Humanist Group, (now Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association) after Mary Whitehouse began a private prosecution for blasphemous libel against Gay News (see Whitehouse v Lemon.) After the founding of the Gay Humanist Group, Duke was very active in the promotion of gay and atheist rights and was also briefly the treasurer of the National Secular Society (NSS). In 2010 he relocated to Spain and in 2017 was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by the NSS.
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A liberal in politics, Siemering emigrated from Germany in 1851, Texas State Historical Association and was among the first Forty- Eighters to settle in Sisterdale, Texas, Texas State Historical Association a Free Thinker Latin Settlement resulting from the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. The Forty-Eighters were intellectual liberal abolitionists who enjoyed conversing in Latin and believed in utopian ideals that guaranteed basic human rights to all. They reveled in passionate conversations about literature, music and philosophy. In 1853, Siemering was elected Secretary, and Ernest Kapp Texas State Historical Association the President, of the Freethinker abolitionist organization Die Freie Verein (The Free Society), University of the Incarnate Word which called for a meeting of abolitionist German Texans Texas State Historical Association in conjunction with the May 14, 1854 Staats-Saengerfest (State Singing Festival) in San Antonio, Texas.
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While unquestionably erudite and energetic, yet Popugaev (in the words of Grech) "Inspired the most pure intentions, was indifferent to the judgments of the world and worldly relations, rushed in all directions, began many projects but did not finish anything." Beginning with a desire to practice diligently at writing poetry and stories of both light and serious content, Popugaev gradually turned to public discourse and rhetoric; he studied and translated Western philosophers, legal thinkers, and writers on in philology, history, and finally, physics, and he wrote essays and reviews on all of these subjects. Of Popugaev's legacy in literature and in society, we can form some idea. He was a man of serious mind, strict with himself and others, passionate, fond, an autodidact on the literature of the French theorists of freethought and himself a freethinker.
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Some of his best-known works, Postérité, Rubens's Glory, On ferme, Square Wheels, Spiritual Exorcisims, L'empire du bien, Dear Jihadi, Minimum Respect, and Festivus Festivus, have yet to be published in English. Muray's writing style is often detailed, insistent, and comical. A productive intellectual who described himself as a student of Louis Ferdinand Céline, Balzac, Bloy, Bernanos, and Péguy, he coined numerous neologisms, mostly pejorative, such as "Mutin de Panurge" (any credulous person who believes himself a rebel and freethinker while following and enforcing the latest trends of the day), "Artistocrate" (an artist who is completely aligned with the political power structure of the day and whose artistic activity becomes that of a charge, as under the Ancien Régime), and "Rebellocrate" (a person who pretends to be radical but is in fact allied with the power structure). The last is in some way akin to the concept of "recuperation".
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Her wide-ranging publications in this journal are those of a daring feminist aesthete: she wrote sexually subversive poems about haunted lovers, an erudite essay on Icelandic poetry, and a short story exploring the corrosive effects of class divisions on human relations. In the fall of 1872, as her association with Dark Blue was ending, she began reviewing contemporary poetry and fiction for the Athenaeum, where over the next 15 years she passed judgement on a wide range of contemporary writers, ranging from William Morris to Margaret Oliphant. At the end of 1871 she published Selections from the Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley for the Tauchnitz Collection of British Authors, containing an introductory "Memoir" of Shelley's life. In the following year, she brought out her translation of David Strauss's The Old Faith and the New: A Confession, which established her reputation as a daring freethinker, following in the footsteps of George Eliot, who had translated The Life of Jesus in 1853.
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As early as 1818 he had written an essay on ecstasis; and in 1835 he published the first volume of his Die Offenbarung nach dem Lehrbegriff der Synagoge. In this work, for which he prepared himself by a careful study of comparative religion, he, though a freethinker, endeavored to raise revelation from a religious belief to a philosophic truth. While, according to him, all important philosophic systems lead to the dualistic struggle between good and evil, the revelation of the Old Testament places in the forefront as axioms "creatio ex nihilo," and, consequently, the unity of God, belief in which is essential to religion and morality. The second volume of Steinheim's life-work consisting of twenty-five lectures, appeared under the title Das Dogma der Synagoge als Exakte Wissenschaft; the third volume (1863) treats of the struggle between revelation and paganism; while the fourth volume (1865) contains a series of separate essays on various subjects (e.g.
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He was one of the early German Free Thinkers in Sisterdale, Texas. Texas State Historical Association In 1853, he was elected Texas State Historical Association the President of the Freethinker abolitionist organization Die Freie Verein (The Free Society), which called for a meeting of abolitionist German Texans Texas State Historical Association in conjunction with 14 May 1854 Staats-Saengerfest (State Singing Festival) in San Antonio, Texas. The convention adopted a political, social and religious platform, The Texas State Historical Association including: > 1) Equal pay for equal work; 2) Direct election of the President of the > United States; 3) Abolition of capital punishment; 4) Slavery is an evil, > the abolition of which is a requirement of democratic principles...; 5) Free > schools – including universities - supported by the state, without religious > influence; and 6) Total separation of church and state. After the Civil War he left the USA for a visit to Germany, but fell ill during the voyage.
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He took a similar approach in his Paris Commune re-enactment La Commune, using newspaper advertisements to recruit conservative actors who would have a genuine antipathy to the Commune rebels. Watkins is also known for political statements about the film and television media, writing extensively about flaws in television news and the dominance of the Hollywood-derived narrative style that he refers to as "the monoform". After the banning of The War Game and the poor reception of his first non-television feature, Privilege, Watkins left England and has made all of his subsequent films abroad: The Gladiators in Sweden, Punishment Park in the United States, Edvard Munch in Norway, Resan (a 14-hour film cycle about the threat of nuclear war) in ten different countries, and La Commune in France. Freethinker: The Life and Work of Peter Watkins, is a forthcoming biography by Patrick Murphy, a Senior Lecturer in Film and Television at York St John University and Dr John Cook.
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This was based on a nearly identical statement by fellow founder of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, Marcello Truzzi, "An extraordinary claim requires extraordinary proof." This idea had been earlier aphorized in Théodore Flournoy's work From India to the Planet Mars (1899) from a longer quote by Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827), a French mathematician and astronomer, as the Principle of Laplace: "The weight of the evidence should be proportioned to the strangeness of the facts." Late in his life, Sagan's books elaborated on his naturalistic view of the world. In The Demon-Haunted World, he presented tools for testing arguments and detecting fallacious or fraudulent ones, essentially advocating wide use of critical thinking and the scientific method. The compilation Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium, published in 1997 after Sagan's death, contains essays written by Sagan, such as his views on abortion, as well as an account by his widow, Ann Druyan, of his death in relation to his having been an agnostic and freethinker.
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Matthew had been described as 'Tyndall' when at Oxford University in 1688;By Anthony Wood in a reference to Tindal/Tyndall taking Anglican communion on 16 June 1688: 'The Life and Times of Anthony Wood', p 264, cited in Lalor, Stephen (Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd., 2006) Matthew Tindal, Freethinker: An Eighteenth-century Assault on Religion, two of his brothers, Thomas and Richard, emigrated to Fenwick's Colony in 1674 and his other brother, John, was the father of Rev Nicolas Tindal (see below). .The arms of Rev John and his successors, a fesse dancette gules below three crescents of the last, are the arms of the family of Deane; though his crest, a plume of five ostrich feathers charged with an ermine spot out of a ducal coronet of five oak leaves, is that of the Tyndales of Deane, Hockwald and Mapplestead. The main branch were the heirs general of the Deane family, having inherited Deane in the 13th century, and quartered their arms directly after the Tyndall arms.
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Just under half of New Zealand's population belong, at least nominally, to Christian denominations but there are a range of views on the extent to which Christianity affects New Zealand politics. Chart of New Zealand Christian political history as of 2014, showing mergers, splits and renamings During the nineteenth century, many church-oriented bodies sponsored and fostered several of the original European settlement-ventures in the period 1840–1850, notably the settlements of Otago (1848, Free Church of Scotland) and Canterbury (1850, Church of England) – and many evangelicals, fundamentalists and conservative Catholics see Christianity as underlying New Zealand's entire political system. On the other hand, a notable politician of the late 19th century, Sir Robert Stout, had a considerable reputation as a freethinker and many dismiss the effects of Christianity, saying that New Zealand society has always had a largely secular character. Christianity has never had an explicit role in the major political parties, and the religious elements in these parties have taken varying forms, and cannot easily be classified as a single movement.
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