Many Greeks hoped that the wave of pogroms had finally
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Woodrow Wilson to Hitler himself, and justified repeated, brutal pogroms
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My family took trains & boats to flee from Nazis & pogroms. Yours?
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And yet those Jews were victims of pogroms and forced conscription.
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Slonim had traveled through Ukraine at a time of widespread pogroms.
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This was after a spate of pogroms that killed at least 127,000.
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In the 1890s his family had fled the Jewish pogroms in Lithuania.
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Still, spikes in tension over Israel no longer spark anti-Jewish pogroms.
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When the Communists fell, pogroms broke out, and Polanyi fled to Vienna.
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There were pogroms in the late 1970s and murderous riots in 1983.
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Pogroms carried out by the Whites saw entire Jewish villages wiped out.
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The pogroms even included cannibalization of victims in the southern region of Guangxi.
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Finally, rumors of nationalists planning pogroms swept through Ukraine, and that was enough.
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He painted images of atrocities as well, including Cossacks raping Jewish women in pogroms.
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This story is the Chernobyl of European anti-Semitism: pogroms, persecutions, inquisitions, massacres, Holocaust.
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Just five months earlier, in November 1939, the Nazis unleashed pogroms across the Reich.
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The pogroms by the Myanmar military were aided by mobs of ethnic Rakhine Buddhists.
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It has led to countless expulsions, murders, massacres and pogroms throughout Europe and elsewhere.
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More than 20183,000 Jews were killed in pogroms in Ukraine between 1918 and 1922.
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In the same year as the Boulogne congress, there was another spate of pogroms.
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Other exhibits focus on concentration camps, pogroms and the Holocaust that killed 6 million Jews.
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Christians have been the victims of pogroms elsewhere in the country in recent years too.
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And there is disturbing evidence that the military's campaign is more sweeping than previous pogroms.
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They fled the Russian pogroms of Lithuania for the sun and gold of South Africa.
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His father, born in Minsk, was brought to America as a child to escape pogroms.
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As a result, pogroms, rioting and massacres erupted in the provinces of Bengal and the Punjab.
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It survived pogroms, strikes, third-world status, and, finally, bolted out, panting, into the 21st century.
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They were fleeing the pogroms, escaping tyrants, running from war or just seeking a better life.
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At least 10,000 people were killed last year in brutal pogroms led by the Myanmar military.
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Polish troops, fresh off their nation's declaration of statehood, massacred Jews in three days of pogroms.
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Asch lives on Staten Island in relative seclusion, morbidly depressed after witnessing the early pogroms in Europe.
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These histories take place within larger histories: the Jews being driven out of Egypt and fleeing pogroms.
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The country was a haven for Jews fleeing pogroms of the Czarist Russian empire and Nazi Germany.
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So did unregulated flows of refugees: Pogroms in Russia sent thousands of Jewish survivors to Western Europe.
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Ukraine's Jewish community — long subject to state-level discrimination and merciless street-level pogroms — quickly moved underground.
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Chinese-Indonesians, suspected as a group of having communist sympathies, were the victims of pogroms in the 1960s.
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After the pogroms of the 1880s, many Russian Jews emigrated, but Zaryadye remained a quarter for cheap housing.
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And, of course, plenty of Jewish humour has been about unfunny topics such as pogroms and the Holocaust.
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The other segment of Jews, the Ashkenazi, live mostly in Baku and arrived fleeing Tsarist and Bolshevik pogroms.
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Many brought with them memories of pogroms, of men invading synagogues with weapons, of blood on holy books.
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Folks say they're more akin to pogroms in the Jewish communities than any kind of riots we're seeing now.
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On a fateful date when Germans are usually preoccupied with remembering Kristallnacht — the Nazis' pogroms against Jews on Nov.
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The city had seen pogroms in the past, so you would have expected something like the horrors of Kaunas.
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His grandfather fled the pogroms in Russia, and — classic New York story — created a successful construction business from nothing.
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For centuries they have been the victims of pogroms, both during Ottoman times and under the secular Turkish republic.
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Christmas was a night of possible pogroms and violence, with so many celebrants, often drunk, going from house to house.
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Larger groups are conducting pogroms to drive smaller ones from their territory, or what they hope will become their territory.
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In the past century the country has also experienced two Marxist insurgencies in the south, and several anti-Tamil pogroms.
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Myanmar's ethnic cleansing became impossible to hide with the exodus in August of Rohingya bearing stories of massacres and pogroms.
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HIAS was founded as the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society in 1881; its mission was to help Jews fleeing European pogroms.
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Poles and Ukrainians are bound together by a history of occupation, pogroms and deportation, sometimes as allies, more often as foes.
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He first rose to prominence as chief minister of Gujarat when the state was racked by anti-Muslim pogroms in 2002.
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Myanmar's Muslim minority has faced intermittent pogroms since 1982, when majority-Buddhist Myanmar blocked any recourse to citizenship for its members.
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They had relatives who had died in the camps and the pogroms; my grandfather taught himself English by memorizing the dictionary.
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Although many Poles saved Jews at their own peril, others participated in pogroms that killed hundreds or betrayed their Jewish neighbors.
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Later in the 19th century, Jewish refugees from pogroms in Russia and Eastern Europe turned the garden into a small synagogue.
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My neighbors' families had fled pogroms in Eastern Europe, or genocide in Germany, or, in my family's case, poverty in Ireland.
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Subro, a Madurese member of Nahdlatul Ulama, a huge and moderate Muslim civic group, fled pogroms elsewhere in West Kalimantan in 1999.
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Her father, a grain merchant, had died of tuberculosis the previous year, and the pogroms that followed the 1905 Russian Revolution threatened.
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In 2014, Modi and the BJP were voted into power despite their blood-stained record of pogroms and extrajudicial executions in Gujarat.
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His mother, the former Jean Wolf, was born in Brooklyn, and her parents were Jews who had fled the pogroms of Russia.
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When he represented striking New York garment workers, he got to know immigrant Jews who had fled the pogroms of Eastern Europe.
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That misuse of Matthew 27:43-25 has led to everything from the Crusades and the Inquisition to pogroms and the Holocaust.
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When they hear "anti-Semitism" they think about Jewish history — the Nazis' Holocaust, the pogroms in czarist Russia — not our own experiences.
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But Nicholas stayed silent even when waves of pogroms continued, claiming the lives of more than 2,000 Jews between 1903 and 1905.
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But unlike the countless pogroms in which the surrounding community stood by or abetted the attack, in my hometown, there was solidarity.
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Black churches and neighborhoods were burned to the ground, and hundreds, maybe thousands of African-Americans murdered in white-on-black pogroms.
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It has been estimated that over a hundred people were arrested, detained, and forced to flee from the previous gay pogroms in Chechnya.
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The authors collected data for 11003,366 anti-Semitic events involving forced emigration or murderous pogroms in 936 European cities between 1100 and 1800.
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Before 1900, for hundreds of years, Jews fled European pogroms and persecution to live in relative peace and security under the Ottoman Caliphate.
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As with the United States, Canada's Jewish population began growing in the late 19th century because of pogroms and turmoil in eastern Europe.
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Anti-Semitism is an ancient form of hate, stretching back for millennia and leaving ghettos, pogroms, and mass industrialized murder in its wake.
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I grew up hearing tales of my great-grandmother hiding in a spot beneath the floorboards of her home during pogroms in Odessa.
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For some Jews of Eastern European origin, the date connotes a time when local non-Jews would get drunk and carry out pogroms.
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As for the president's descent into the sewer where hatred and pogroms are fashioned, the United States is not a nation of animals.
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The history of the Jews — a tiny minority that has faced persecutions, pogroms and the Holocaust — isn't analogous to that of white Christians.
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But perhaps none captured the neighborhood zeitgeist better than the Gershwins' boyhood friend Irwin Hochberg, another child of Jews who'd fled the pogroms.
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In response, a demonstration protesting his removal — and the pogroms of Jewish and Catholic Germans — was held on the piers of New York City.
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Irving Berlin (born Israel Baline in Belarus) was 2023 when his cantor father, fleeing the pogroms, brought the family to the Lower East Side.
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And even if the BJP's Muslim-baiting does not ignite any more full-scale pogroms, it still leaves 175m Indians feeling like second-class citizens.
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But many Jewish people had felt torn about joining an army allied to Russia, where there had been vicious anti-Jewish pogroms in recent history.
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Equally doubtful is how America's secretary of state, Rex Tillerson, intends to follow through on his promise to hold those responsible for the pogroms accountable.
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Islamic organizations actively participated in the anti-Communist pogroms of 1965-66, which destroyed the P.K.I. and left hundreds of thousands of casualties across Indonesia.
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Alluding to the pogroms that erupted at intervals over the centuries, Mr. Yevtushenko went on: It seems to me, I am a boy in Byelostok.
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It's about surviving pogroms and cattle cars, and learning that when others are being persecuted we have a moral obligation to speak up and interfere.
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The pogroms prompted her parents to send her and her sister, Eve, to a boarding school in Haslemere, Surrey, about 45 miles southwest of London.
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A century ago, her mother, then 6 years old, escaped one of a series of pogroms in the Ukraine, in which more than 100,000 Jews died.
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In the Swedish city of Umea, Kristallnacht — the November 1938 pogroms throughout Germany during which 267 synagogues were destroyed and 85033,000 Jews were interned — was commemorated.
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His father, Isaac Keiles — whose name, he said, was changed when he arrived in the United States — was a Russian refugee who fled pogroms against Jews.
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In the early days of Sri Lanka's civil war, as pogroms against Tamils forced entire villages to flee, this temple housed a makeshift camp for refugees.
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The military-led pogroms against the Rohingya, aided by Buddhist civilians, killed thousands and left hundreds of villages razed by fire, according to international rights monitors.
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My mother and her family came to the United States as refugees in 1921, fleeing the communist takeover of Ukraine and the endless pogroms against Jews.
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The crowd bristled that people still seemed to associate Ukraine with tsarist pogroms, pointing out that its voters had recently elected a Jewish comedian as president.
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There is good evidence that anti-semitic violence across German regions is fairly persistent, with pogroms during the Black Death predicting synagogue attacks during the Nazi time.
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Nor do they acknowledge that social media are hardly the originators of unfounded rumors, viral falsehoods, and conspiracy theories, which have sparked wars and pogroms for centuries.
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Its author, Oscar Pinis (later, after traveling to America, Asher Penn), was a 23-year-old Ukrainian Jew who had recently fled the pogroms in his homeland.
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And for poor East European Jews — especially the millions in western Russia who faced political repression and frequent pogroms — the international workers' movement offered a tantalizing freedom.
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Reactions to the plague also included an upsurge in bigotry and scapegoating, with more instances of heightened prejudice and even pogroms against minorities including Jews and Roma.
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Rather than condemning pogroms against the persecuted Muslim minority, she has dismissed accusations of ethnic cleansing and called, instead, for rule of law to solve any problem.
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By the time she met Mr. Reed, at a 1992 concert commemorating Kristallnacht, the 1938 anti-Jewish pogroms, in Munich, both were established figures in their spheres.
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Israelis see Abbas as weak, and his recent remarks blaming Jews for the Holocaust, and pogroms throughout European history, hardly help his standing as a peace broker.
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Millions of European Jews flooded into the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fleeing pogroms and seeking opportunity and protection under the law.
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Parts of the army were behind bloody riots aimed at ethnic-Chinese Indonesians in 1998, and the army was central to the vast anti-Chinese pogroms of 1965.
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But after the widespread violence and destruction of the anti-Jewish Kristallnacht pogroms that swept Germany in November 1938, Kester's parents arranged for him to flee the country.
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As a proportion of the total population (then 750m), that was smaller than the number of Chinese killed in pogroms in Indonesia just before the Cultural Revolution began.
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More than half a million Rohingyas have crossed the border to Bangladesh since August, joining hundreds of thousands who had already fled there from earlier pogroms (see chart).
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Although the war is generally seen in Russia as a triumph over fascism, Russia has a reputation for anti-Semitism and pogroms going back to the czarist era.
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His Jewish paternal grandfather had fled pogroms in Latvia and immigrated to the United States, arriving in New York and later settling in Indiana as a pushcart peddler.
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As the nationalist padrinos fêted each other, Modi's forces topped their long, brutal campaign of cleansing in Kashmir with open anti-Muslim pogroms in the streets of Delhi.
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The Berliawsky family fled the Ukraine because of pogroms, large-scale, organized anti-Jewish riots that had been happening intermittently throughout the Russian empire since the 12th century.
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At the turn of the 20th century thousands of Litvaks (Lithuanian Jews) fled the pogroms under Russian rule, while mostly blue-collar workers came for jobs in the stockyards.
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Instead, the hostility came from Mr. Zelensky's fellow Jews, both secular and religious, for whom painful memories of czarist-era pogroms and the Holocaust are still very much alive.
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It is a weapon with which small-town bigots, conducting pogroms against Darwin, Marx, J.D. Salinger, Judy Blume and other villains, seize control of school committees and library boards.
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They were soon followed by Russian Jews fleeing pogroms, and then aristocrats driven out by the Bolshevik Revolution and White Russian troops seeking refuge after defeat in civil war.
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"People are saying, 'Behave yourself, or we'll make another May 1998,'" said one Chinese Christian Jakartan—referring to the month when deadly pogroms against Chinese broke out across the city.
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Ending DACA is morally, politically and economically wrong, says Mr Emanuel, the grandson of a Jewish immigrant who as a boy of 20133 fled the pogroms in his native Moldova.
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I have a personal connection to the pogroms of that year since my mother, then 6 years old, narrowly escaped one of them when she ran from a burning building.
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It is safe to assume, Gessen writes, that those who stayed were either refugees from pogroms and simply had no other home or had no money for a return ticket.
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She also spoke of "slavery" (many historians would prefer "serfdom") during the time in which the book is set, and to isolated pogroms of Jews during the Second World War.
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Ferdinand and Isabella evicted us from Spain, the tsars used pogroms to chase us out of Russia and we fled on boats and trains and by foot from the Nazis.
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In the late twelfth century, in England, a spate of pogroms occurred after Jews were accused of murdering Christian children to use their blood in the preparation of Passover matzo.
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My children's ancestors include black refugees who fled the South Carolina slave plantation police state during the Civil War, and Jewish refugees who fled the Russian pogroms in the 1880s.
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For centuries, Jewish people have been thrown out of countries, attacked in pogroms, and then they faced annihilation during World War II, when 6 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust.
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Many said they would not be truly happy with an agreement unless it announces that the Rohingya will get citizenship and the return of the property they lost in the pogroms.
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Ron Drucker was the son of two poor Jewish immigrants -- one, my grandmother, who fled the pogroms of Poland, the other, my grandfather (and namesake), who came to America from Montreal.
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Just weeks later, I found myself staring down a social-media timeline filled with the raw hate and anti-Semitic tropes that for centuries fueled expulsion, persecution, pogroms and finally genocide.
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This ideological shift just so happens to coincide with the U.S.'s "war on terror," which has been operationalized to justify the bloody reprisals in Thailand and the pogroms in Myanmar.
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In 1903, Theodor Herzl, considered the father of modern Zionism, discussed with British officials the possibility of finding a haven in East Africa for Jews fleeing the deadly pogroms in Europe.
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With contemporaneous news sources, the exhibition shows that, although the Great Depression and the war dominated headlines, news of terror, pogroms, and the tightening grip of Nazi power did break through.
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I see the largest racist mobilization since the pogroms and waves of lynchings and hate crimes in the early 1990s (something I'm too young to actually recall), and it scares me.
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In 27, the square was renamed after Nobel Peace Prize laureate Andrei Sakharov, a nuclear physicist and human rights activist who was outspoken about the pogroms of Armenians in Soviet Azerbaijan.
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Their store was destroyed in the Kristallnacht pogroms of November 1938; Hilde's father was imprisoned for a time in Sachsenhausen, a concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used mainly for political prisoners.
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Many of them were slaughtered in pogroms such as the 1941 killing of almost 15,103 Jews in and around the city of Iasi, or died in labor camps, or on death trains.
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That reading of Cossack tradition, which many still associate with pogroms and brutal service to an expanding Russian empire under the czar, has helped Mr. Melikhov win unlikely support from Russian liberals.
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A distinct ethnic and cultural community, described by the United Nations as "among Europe's most excluded groups," they have faced persecution throughout Europe for centuries, including pogroms and forced evictions of entire communities.
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South-East Asia has had more than its share of modern horrors, including genocides (eg, Cambodia), civil wars (Vietnam and, still, Myanmar), race riots (Malaysia, Singapore), coups (Thailand) and pogroms (Indonesia, Myanmar again).
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One of the alleged shooter's obsessions on social media was HIAS, the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, a Jewish organization originally founded in the late 1800s to resettle Jews fleeing pogroms in Eastern Europe.
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"They said, 'He should not run because we will have pogroms here again in two years if things go wrong,'" said Rabbi Kaminezki, the chief rabbi in Dnipro, the capital of Ukraine's Dnipropetrovsk region.
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The right-wing Hindu pogroms against Muslims erupted in India's capital city of New Delhi on February 23, after months of tension and protests over two anti-Muslim policies supported by the national government.
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And I knew the pogroms — or rather, my body knew, from repeated exposure to these stories my whole life: Things look fine, things look less fine, then suddenly there's the sound of glass breaking.
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Much of the modern hostility between the two neighbors dates back a century, to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and a war between the nations that led to painful pogroms and population exchanges.
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But they also conceded that in terms of pure security the overall situation has improved in the years since the pogroms of the 1970s, when Alevi villagers built barricades outside their homes to defend themselves.
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Igor Kochetkov, the head of the Russian LGBT Network that has helped Chechens affected by previous pogroms confirmed to the Associated Press that there have been renewed arrests since December but did not specify how many.
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Just as we rarely lambaste Stephen Spielberg's classic movie "Schindler's List" for encouraging pogroms, it is inaccurate to assume that the only reaction that players can have to questionable video game content is an antisocial one.
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When I became politicized in England, I couldn't believe that a Jewish family had made no comparisons between what had happened to them, with pogroms in Eastern Europe, and what was happening to black South Africans.
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It also demonstrates how much Ukraine has shed its long history of deep anti-Semitism and pogroms, and set itself apart from its western neighbors, particularly Hungary and Poland, where anti-Semitism is on the rise.
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The organization survived, and throughout World War II carried out what the New York Yiddish paper The Day called "small pogroms" in Boston and New York that left Jews in "mortal fear" of "almost daily" beatings.
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Anti-Semitic pogroms had long been known in Russia, but now they spread into the former Austria-Hungary as Jews were blamed, inconsistently, for being capitalists and Bolsheviks, or, in an ancient charge, for killing Christ.
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The existence of anti-gay pogroms in Chechnya first surfaced in the independent Russian newspaper Novaya Gazet in April, reporting that hundreds of people had been detained and at least three are now thought to have died.
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During Turkey's founding, Kurds had been victims of pogroms and categorized as "mountain Turks," rather than ethnic Kurds, and were forced to speak Turkish; the Kurdish regions in the southeastern part of the country were neglected economically.
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During Turkey's founding, Kurds had been victims of pogroms and categorized as "mountain Turks," rather than ethnic Kurds, and were forced to speak Turkish; the Kurdish regions in the southeastern part of the country were neglected economically.
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Nearly two years on from its peak, the awaited pogroms against nice guys have yet to materialize, and several of the men who rightly came under fire either never really left public life or are planning comebacks.
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Ethnic Rakhine militants attacked police posts in Myanmar's Rakhine state, exacerbating tensions in the region in which pogroms by the army and Rakhines against Rohingyas, a Muslim minority, led to an exodus of 800,000 Rohingya refugees in 2017.
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The show, organized by Edna Nahshon, professor of theater at the Jewish Theological Seminary, tells the story of how Yiddish theater emigrated here with the three million Jews fleeing the poverty and pogroms of Russia, Poland and Romania.
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As an immigrant, if not quite a refugee, to the US myself, I'm generally very sympathetic to people forced to flee their homelands, as my family and I escaped ethnic pogroms against Armenians in Baku, Azerbaijan, in 1990.
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" Though Ateret Cohanim is not involved in these particular evictions, Mr. Luria argued that these rights are even more relevant for buildings that "happen to be in an area they were kicked out of because of pogroms and riots.
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Fear is instilled in American Jewish children early, whether it's reading novels about the Holocaust in Hebrew school or real, passed-down stories about pogroms, extermination, threats, and war that led so many of our families to flee here.
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Lenin's government consistently denounced anti-Semitism in its many forms, but it was endemic across Europe and especially inside Russia, where both White and Red troops used the disruptions of the conflict to carry out pogroms against Jewish communities.
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Joseph Stalin, Hitler's nemesis and the leader of the Soviet Communist Party, was nominated twice — in 1945 and 1948 — for his efforts to end World War II. Despite Stalin's murderous purges and pogroms, those nominations were taken in earnest.
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Never mind that in real life the revellers are often the offspring of ethnic-Chinese dynasties who have made their wealth in less stable parts of South-East Asia, where anti-Chinese resentment has on occasion boiled over into pogroms.
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Later refugees included African-Americans in the early 21983th century, drawn by the tolerance shown to Quakers and, in the early 29th century, eastern European Jews—including your correspondent's great-grandparents, fleeing pogroms on what today is the Polish-Ukrainian border.
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The novel's protagonist constantly grapples with memories of this place, including eight of the town's 12 medieval churches that had survived until the 1990s, even after falling into coma while protecting a victim of anti-Armenian pogroms in Azerbaijan's capital Baku.
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Since then, Passover has always been a vigil: For centuries, it has also been a time of anti-Semitic attacks, from medieval blood libels to modern pogroms to the massacre of 30 people at a Passover Seder in Israel in 2002.
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Brightly colored plexiglass cutouts alternately highlight and obscure a mix of found and original imagery that includes a view of the oldest surviving mosque in India — which happens to be in Gujarat, the site of terrible anti-Muslim pogroms in 2002.
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Twins Sari and Romy Lightman, whose band name references the tea leaf divination practice, have mystic roots in their family, as their great-great-grandmother was a tea leaf reader who immigrated to Canada during Russian pogroms in the 19th century.
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There's a lot of research on ethnic riots and pogroms from places like India and Sri Lanka that suggest when mainstream elites are willing to do business with violence fringe actors, that they're able to mobilize more effectively within the police system.
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And for so many reasons (one of them, surely, the intergenerational dread that my great-grandparents and grandparents brought over when fleeing Europe's pogroms at the end of the 19th century), this synagogue shooting fills me with a desperate desire to flee.
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In 1881, this sentiment set off a great wave of pogroms in Russia, which, in turn, gave rise to Zionism, the effort to get the Jews out of harm's way by relocating them to what was said to be their promised land, Palestine.
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His grandfather, Cohen told me, "was probably the most significant Jew in Canada," the founder of a range of Jewish institutions; in the wake of anti-Semitic pogroms in the Russian imperium, he saw to it that countless refugees made it to Canada.
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Jedwabne was one of dozens of pogroms that broke out as the Nazis marched east across Poland, but a 2001 book by American historian Jan Tomasz Gross about the incident forced the first widespread discussion about how some Poles contributed to the death of Jews.
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He doesn't staff his administration with inept sycophants or sell America out to the Russians or unleash an unprecedented wave of race riots and pogroms or abuse power to persecute his enemies or steal taxpayer money or undermine democratic institutions and the rule of law.
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Although many Poles risked their lives to save Jews, others energetically took part in pogroms, murdering at least 340 Jews in the town of Jedwabne in 19443 and 42 in the city of Kielce in 1946, after the war ended, to take two notorious examples.
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At a cafe next to the domed New Synagogue, which was spared destruction during the pogroms of November 1938, Königsberg, an affable 58-year-old, told me his mother had been liberated from the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and had intended to move to Paris.
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One of the basic facts of contemporary religious history is that Christians around the world are persecuted on an extraordinary scale — by mobs and pogroms in India, jihadists and United States-allied governments in the Muslim world, secular totalitarians in China and North Korea.
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Here, hopping Chinese vampires have beaten out Canadian were-bear vampires to rule Vancouver's night; glow-in-the-dark African-descended vampires rule Brazil; and European vampires have survived pogroms and other oppressive campaigns reminiscent of those enacted against the Jewish and Romani peoples.
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Mr. Shapiro told the assembled that "The Wizard of Oz" came out just after Kristallnacht, the pogroms in Germany and Austria that were a precursor to the Holocaust, and that the movie's best-known song was written by two children of Jewish immigrants to America.
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Jewish émigrés — goldsmiths and diamond cutters, polishers and dealers, sometimes with gems in their pockets — fled pogroms in Europe and, later, Nazi persecution to make Hatton Garden their base, frequently conducting deals in the street or in the since-closed Nosherie cafe on Greville Street.
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Jews targeted by the pogroms in Eastern Europe and Russia, Italians and Greeks displaced by crop failures in the southern Mediterranean, Mexicans fleeing violence during the revolution, and Armenians escaping genocide in Turkey all poured into New York City and then migrated west along railroad lines.
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Its clients have often been Jews — its first mission was to aid those fleeing pogroms in Eastern Europe — but the agency has also helped resettle many other kinds of refugees, including thousands of Vietnamese, Cambodians and Laotians after Communist victories in Southeast Asia in the 1970s.
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"The Talmud has gone through the Crusades, the pogroms, the Holocaust and too many atrocities to name, but the Talmud and the Jewish people have persevered and maintained our roots, and will continue to grow," said Yossi Gleiberman, a watch importer, father of five and Mrs.
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Miller's great-great-grandfather Wolf-Leib Glosser left the village of Antopol in what is now Belarus amid "violent anti-Jewish pogroms" there and came to the US. He landed on Ellis Island in 1903 and, over time, was able to bring over the rest of his family.
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In little more than half a century, Sulawesi has endured dozens of earthquakes, landslides, floods, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions; anti-Communist pogroms that claimed at least half a million lives nationwide; and sectarian strife that culminated in the heads of schoolgirls deposited near a church and police station.
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Presenting what many human rights experts have called some of the worst pogroms of this century as part of "cycles of inter-communal violence going back to the 1940s," Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi chided foreigners for not having an adequate understanding of Myanmar's complex ethnic and social history.
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With thousands of Jewish refugees arriving in England from the turn of the 20th century onwards – many fleeing pogroms in Russia and Eastern Europe, followed by those arriving from Nazi Germany – north-east London became home to a substantial Jewish community and Tottenham the natural football club for them to support.
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It has been a Kurdish town since a century ago, when Christian residents fled southward from Turkish pogroms that started during the upheavals of World War I. Last summer, when the fighting broke out, Kurdish youth affiliated with the P.K.K. built barricades around several neighborhoods making up about half the town.
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Spurious charges of dual Jewish loyalty and Jewish money were the basis of much of the hatred that Jews faced in Germany before World War II, as well during many of the eastern European Pogroms and the Spanish Inquisition, all of which predate the founding of the modern State of Israel.
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Anbinder devotes at least one chapter to each of the major immigrant groups — Irish, Germans, Russian Jews and Italians — vividly detailing the political turmoil, famines and pogroms that led them to leave their homes and families, the horrific steerage voyages across a turbulent Atlantic Ocean and their lives in New York.
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" She characterized speaking out against the occupation as a "moral imperative," but added: "Casting the movement for Jewish self-determination as a racist, Western colonialist enterprise, rather than a liberation movement for a minority population subject to generations of pogroms, exile, discrimination and ultimately genocide, is self-serving historical revisionism.
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Historically, eastern Europe has been the main staging ground of modern anti-Semitism and genocide, not just during the Holocaust but in events such as the revolt of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, a Cossack hetman (military commander) in the 17th century, and the pogroms of the Black Hundreds, a Tsarist militia in the 19th century.
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Some were refugees who wanted to escape czarist pogroms in Russia and, later, the Bolshevik Revolution and World War I. But unlike the Jews in Shanghai and other China cities with large Jewish communities, many in Harbin were also merchants and entrepreneurs who had come from Russia and Europe seeking economic opportunities.
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"I think that race is a very difficult topic, very intense but also very local, and these local pogroms that happen in these communities, you know, very often followed by ... looting or burning down of the black part of town ... that kind of set the relationship between blacks and whites in those towns," she said.
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The directors, Joseph Dorman ("Sholem Aleichem: Laughing in the Darkness") and Oren Rudavsky ("A Life Apart: Hasidism in America"), capably if somewhat dryly assemble material that covers more than a century, roughly from the pogroms that drove Jews from Europe in the 1880s to the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel in 1995.
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Although he made no reference to Judaism, any historically-conscious Russian would instantly link the expression "ritual murder" with some of the darkest episodes in Jewish-Christian relations, in Russia and elsewhere, when anti-Semitic pogroms were triggered by absurd rumours that Jews had murdered Christians in order to use their blood for some ritual function.
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A confession: The fact that there were no pogroms in this country after the 2008 financial collapse still astounds me, and almost had me convinced that anti-Semitism was on the wane in America, until I was reminded of the equally astounding fact that no goyish bank CEOs were shot or stabbed or beaten or kidnapped in the aftermath.
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Right after he was born, his mother, a Marlene Dietrich look-alike and Viennese pianist and stock trader who had talked her way out of a concentration camp by passing as Aryan, and his father, whose family had been mostly wiped out in Ukrainian pogroms, took Jaron someplace they thought would be safe: the westernmost corner of Texas.
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In retrospect, the book seems like a pretext for its bitterly melodramatic, rageful title story — drawn from the author's own life — in which a devout Jewish survivor of pogroms, shattered by the death of his daughter, becomes convinced first that God has violated the terms of their agreement, and then that the contract simply wasn't airtight enough.
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There are images of the artist's own slender hands, ornamented with rings and black nail polish, holding an essay by Arundhati Roy about the politics behind those pogroms; and of another Indian mosque, this one built in Delhi on the site of a former Jain temple, using pieces of the ruined temple in its own design.
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Endless visions of horror, splendor and absurdity — chopped-off heads soaked in vodka and courtiers traveling with their own portable gardens, children roasted and eaten in pogroms and wedding palaces carved out of ice, courtiers made to dress as chickens and sit clucking for hours and carriages pulled by bears — crowd one another so closely that the sheer concentration of history can become overwhelming.
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Somewhere below his silence lurked six languages, the result of being born in Tel Aviv to parents who had fled pogroms in Poland, relocating at age seven to Germany (an unusual reverse exodus for a family of Jews in 1948, precipitated by limited travel options and violence in what was then still Palestine), and arriving in the United States, on a refugee visa, at the age of twelve.
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Embedded in that tone is the history of a particular branch of the Hebrews, the Expulsion and the endless walk out of Zion, forays in Germany and Poland, shtetls and schools, the jewel like cities of the East, the mystics and false messiahs, the misery, hatred and pogroms, the wars, harbors and ships, grandparents who laid their lives across the water so that we could walk into Brooklyn and Cleveland and Chicago, then the big shul in the suburbs, where the voice is all that remains.
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