But I was working on gaining back some of the weight I'd lost, and we'd bought us a tidy modest outfit with a barn and some pasturage and a kitchen without even a hand pump indoors, and an old-fashioned Franklin stove—not one of those modern self-cookers like Miss Lizzie is making a killing off building for the rich people's houses.
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There are of grasslands that may be used for pasturage, and of forest.
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Land near the reserve is used for cattle pasturage and cultivation of sugar cane.
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The name of the village stems from its former use as pasturage for sheep.
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A pasturage reserve adjacent to the township was declared probably in the 1890s. In 1917 the reserve was increased from 7,697 acres to about 14,000 acres. This reserve stretched from the west of the town of Camooweal to the Northern Territory border and the rabbit proof fence and shared its northern and southern boundaries with Rocklands Station. In 1933 the reserve was designated for Pasturage purposes and in 1973 it was declared as a Camping, Pasturage & Stock dipping reserve.
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A protocol was added to the original convention in December 1893. "Regulations Regarding Trade, Communications , and Pasturage to Be Appended to the Sikkim-Tibet Convention of 1890" allowed for the establishment of a British trading post in Yatong, Tibet as well as laid down regulations concerning pasturage and communication.
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Pasturage at Arthez-d'Asson The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.
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Despite the relatively infertile soils, a large part of the ecoregion has been converted to farmland or pasturage.
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Erosion has increased in the last fifty years as the mountains sides are burned to clear them for pasturage.
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Road access to timber in the mountains and pasturage for stock were important, as were carefully tended crops, gardens and orchards.
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Approximately 4500 years ago, the region became dry again. The Tenerian culture vanished, with its makers possibly seeking new pasturage elsewhere.
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Economic activity is mainly agricultural (livestock, pasturage, polyculture). The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.
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Of the remainder, a large portion is used as pasturage. Some land is too rugged, dry, or infertile for agriculture or any other use.
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The pasturage selected by Andrew was not ideal for cattle grazing, since it was at the base of a small forested mountain. Nor did he initially have enough cattle to make the lease a paying proposition. However, at this point much of the best pasturage in the Port Phillip district had been occupied. (Andrew also appeared to prefer scenic beauty over more practical considerations).
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Allegations that common lands had been fenced off, villagers denied rights of pasturage and land converted from arable to pasture lay behind events in Oxfordshire in 1596.
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When the rains end, the men take the herds to dry season pasturage then slowly bring them back, grazing along the way, to arrive in the village when the next rainy season starts. Some areas of good pasturage cannot be used because of lack of drinking water. The women also engage in limited agriculture in the river valleys. The main crop is sorghum, grown on fertile clay soils.
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The ecoregion has been severely degraded by clearance of mangroves for agriculture, pasturage and shrimp farming, by urban pressure around Panama City, and by pollution related to the Panama Canal.
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Barns and former pasturage and hay fields are still visible in the north of the island. Small farm roads may still be used to walk or bicycle around the island.
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Prior to change of ownership, Smooth Island was primarily used as pasturage for livestock. It is reported that on some occasions up to 600 sheep would graze on the island simultaneously.
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Depredations of this confederacy had been so severe that the region was "forsaken as pasturage for cattle, it was left waste from the time of the ancestors".The Great Karnak Inscription.
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In: Kirche und Gemeinde Arnschwang. 1995, pg. 44-45. From the "pasturage of the Aruni", "Aruni-wang" became "Arinswanch", during the 14th century then "Orenswanch" and, finally "Arnschwang".Wolf-Armin Frhr. v.
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Biar Bandh has an agricultural credit society. It has 127.4 hectares of farmland, in addition to 1.3 hectares of permanent pasturage. Most of the land (103.4 hectares) was irrigated in 2011, mostly by canal.
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558, 577. It may be part of a larger field set aside as a public space for horse pasturage and military drill for youths, which was the original purpose of the Campus Martius.Dionysius 5.13.2.
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In the southern part of the valley the climate is more temperate and rainfall more abundant; the effects of this are to be seen in better pasturage. Irrigation is used to a large extent.
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The rocky hinterland extends in the direction of Mount Cagna to the north, going up to on Ovace; for a long tome it served as pasturage for Zérubia, and is still used for that purpose..
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Agistment originally referred specifically to the proceeds of pasturage in the king's forests. To agist is, in English law, to take cattle to graze, in exchange for payment (derived from the Old English giste, gite, a "lying place").
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Townson supplied meat to the Sydney, Liverpool and Parramatta commissariat stores. Macquarie commented that the farms of Townson and Andrew Thompson (St. Andrews, opposite Varroville) were "by far the best pasturage I have yet seen in the colony".
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Slopes of the mountains provided pasturage for grazing animals. A sawmill and gristmill were built on the Bear River, and by 1870 the population was 416. Today, Newry is noted as the home of Sunday River Ski Resort.
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In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1409. Its first name had been Stragan. Locals had been engaged in agriculture, pasturage and charcoal production. From the end of 19th century they began to be employed in tourism.
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Both were also involved in running the family-owned form in Revelles and a pasturage in Bray-lès-Mareuil. Henri married Thérèse Delepouve. They had several children including Jeanne Hitier (1895–1985), who married Adalbert de Chassepot de Pissy (1876–1952).
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Powell, John Wesley, and William DeBuys. Seeing Things Whole: The Essential John Wesley Powell. Island Press/Shearwater Books, 2001. Powell describes the extent and potential of three main types of land in the region: irrigable lands, timber lands, and pasturage lands.
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Of the agricultural land, 39.1% is used for growing crops and 17.3% is pasturage, while 1.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.3% is in lakes and 1.8% is in rivers and streams.
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The World Wildlife Fund classes the ecoregion as "Relatively Stable/Intact". None of the ecoregion is protected, but most of it is relatively intact due to its low productivity. Some areas have suffered from cattle grazing, with burning to maintain pasturage.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 2.4% is pasturage and 13.2% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.8% is in lakes and 0.8% is in rivers and streams.
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DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press 1993. Crops included coffee, rubber, henequen (for twine used in binding wheat), sugar, wheat, and vegetable production. Land only suitable for pasturage was enclosed with barbed wire, extinguishing traditional communal grazing of cattle, and premium cattle were imported.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 22.4% is used for growing crops and 36.7% is pasturage, while 3.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
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The forest is surrounded in part by the town of Lorena, and by areas of cattle pasturage and rice fields. The forest is used by school students and by residents of the town as a traditional recreation area. There are about 2,000 visitors annually.
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In the nearby Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve each family is allowed to clear for pasturage. Almost all raise cattle and some exceed the limit on forest clearance. A community leader said in 2013 that the son of a tapper born today wants to raise cattle.
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The glebe, which lay south- west of the church, carried pasturage rights for a horse, two cows, and forty sheep. Dawyck church lands, under reservation of the glebe, were feued in 1580 by Robert Douglas, titled the 'perpetual vicar' of Stobo, with consent of the archbishop, dean and chapter of Glasgow, to John Tweedie, tutor of Drumelzier, and are described as the vicarage lands of Dayik, with the pasturage of 38 soums of sheep; reserving four acres of land and the manse to the reader of the church. The feu-duty was five merks yearly. Marion Tweedie, John's daughter, by Crown charter dated 4 February 1606, was invested in the lands.
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The Strays are the remains of much greater areas of common land on which the hereditary Freemen of the City had, since time immemorial, the right to graze cattle. After the Parliamentary Enclosures of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, whereby commons were enclosed and rights of pasturage extinguished, areas of grazing land were allotted to the Freemen in lieu of their existing rights. Together with the Knavesmire and Hob Moor, land already used by the City for pasturage, these areas became the Strays, land vested in the Corporation to be held in trust for the Freemen of each of the original four Wards of the City.
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He also had responsibility for issuing pasturage licences on Crown Land outside the block of land purchased by the Canterbury Association (the "Canterbury Block"). As Commissioner of Crown Lands he issued over 50 pasturage licences covering an area of over one million acres.Acland, Leopold George Dyke (1946), The Early Canterbury Runs, Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch Unfortunately these licences were later declared invalid and quashed, creating considerable confusion and litigation.Lyttelton Times, 17 December 1862, page 5Lyttelton Times, 20 December 1862, page 3New Zealander, 5 January 1863, page 3Lyttelton Times, 7 March 1863, page 3 His outward letter-book contains more than 200 letters covering the period October 1851 to November 1853.
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Bocchetto di Sessera is a transit point for the cattle transferred during the summer from the Biellese central part to the pasturage area of Valsessera In the local dialect bochet means mountain pass, while Sessera is the name of the river which flows in the Sessera Valley.
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Of the agricultural land, 16.2% is pasturage and 33.3% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.6% is in lakes and 0.3% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 3.3% is unproductive vegetation and 3.7% is too rocky for vegetation.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 42.2% is used for growing crops and 28.7% is pasturage, while 1.4% is used for orchards or vine crops. As indicated by the name Affoltern i.E. is situated in the Emmental.
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Of the agricultural land, 8.7% is pasturage and 28.4% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.8% is in lakes and 0.5% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 9.2% is unproductive vegetation and 14.6% is too rocky for vegetation.
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Originally about 1% of the cerrado was cerradão. Cerradão is one of the most vulnerable vegetation types in the cerrado. It covers a small area, is vulnerable to fires, and is exploited for charcoal, timber, agriculture and pasturage. Relatively little of the cerradão is in protected areas.
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Woolston Manor was an estate that covered about in Somerset, England. It included arable land and pasturage, worked by a tenant farmer. The lands were later sold as a farm. The Woolston Manor Farmhouse is a large stone house completed in 1838 that replaced the earlier manor house.
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Tharp then sought cattle summer pasturage. Led by the local Yokut Indians, Tharp "discovered" Crescent Meadow and Log Meadow near the Giant Forest. He claimed grazing rights there for several years. Tharp's Log is a home Tharp built in a hollowed Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron gigantuem) log at Log Meadow.
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The valley starts in the Graian Alps from the rough mountains where it meets with Aosta and Soana valleys and initially encompasses an almost unpopulated area used as pasturage during the summer. After Traversella the valley widens and becomes a hilly area punctuated with several small towns and villages.
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On this estate, devoted to the cultivation of cereals, olives, vines and to pasturage, were colonies of Europeans and natives. At Enfidaville, which was, as its native name indicates, a palace of the beys of Tunis, came a large horse-breeding establishment and a much-frequented weekly market.
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This set the pattern which has persisted to this day. Despite concentration of holdings, Badger's landscape remains mainly one of farms, predominantly arable but with considerable pasturage. The population of Badger evidently remained small. In the mid-17th century the adult population seems to have been less than 50.
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The town had excellent soil for the cultivation of grains, vegetables and orchards. Streams teemed with salmon and trout. Hills and valleys provided pasturage for grazing sheep and cattle. Connected in 1847 to the Connecticut & Passumpsic Rivers Railroad, the town by 1859 was noted for producing butter and leather.
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Formerly, the peak was named Kopa Jaworzyńska or Kopa, and was grazed on, being part of the Królowa Tundra. The slopes of the peak as a result of excess pasturage underwent strong erosion. At present the flora has regrown on the peak, covering it with creeping pine and grassland.
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Museum Tusculanum Press, 2003. at the head of the Ameralla Fjord south of modern Nuuk's peninsula. The farm was well-placed and possessed a large pasturage enabling its proprietors to successfully raise cattle, compared with goats and sheep at the other Western Settlement farms. It also included the area's church.
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Farmers take every advantage of seasonal flooding to grow recession crops before the waters dry away, a practice particularly popular around Lake Fitri. The sahelian zone is ideal for pasturage. Herding includes large cattle herds for commercial sale, and goats, sheep, donkeys, and some horses are common in all villages.
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The charter also conceded rights of pannage and pasturage. A further grant affirms that it is made in response to the requests of domini Rogeri et Gaufridi et Roberti, heremitarum et fratrum de Faurwelle: Masters Roger, Walter and Robert, hermits and brothers of Farewell.Monasticon Anglicanum, volume 4, p. 111, no. 1.
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The La Costa xeric shrublands (NT1309) is an ecoregion in Venezuela that stretches along the Caribbean coast. The dry scrub and savanna has been subject to modification since the 16th century by European colonists who replaced it by a patchwork of farm fields and pasturage. Little of the original habitat remains.
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Of the agricultural land, 13.3% is pasturage and 39.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 7.0% is unproductive vegetation and 4.2% is too rocky for vegetation. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Oberhasli, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.
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The island is almost entirely covered by deciduous vegetation. It has extensive riparian areas which are often covered by high sea water. The island is used only for summer cottages and harbor protection. Kellon Kraaseli was used for common pasturage for cows and sheep until the start of the 1980s.
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Locals in the past had been engaged in agriculture and pasturage. At present its proximity of Ždiar and High Tatras is an asset. Inhabitants work in industrial facilities in Poprad or in recreational facilities in High Tatras. Inside the village are quite a few cottages and chalets for winter or summer holiday rent.
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In the United States and Canada, the term agister is used in raw milk herdshare agreements to refer to the person hired to provide agistment services for owners of the herd animals.; ; . In the Western United States, agisters are landholders who offer pasturage services, or who seek to enforce agistment lien commitments.
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Of the agricultural land, 31.4% is used for growing crops and 33.0% is pasturage, while 3.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the water in the municipality, 1.8% is in lakes and 0.4% is in rivers and streams. There are three smaller lakes in Längenbühl: Dittligsee, Geistsee and a smaller pond.
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A total of 48.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 2.0% is used for growing crops and 38.2% is pasturage and 6.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
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Like the Tuareg Cure Salee of neighboring Ingall, the gathering marks the end of the rainy season pasturage. Herders gather their animals for the trek to southern grasslands where they will stay until returning with the rains in June.20REGION% 20PHARE.pdf Présentation de Tahoua, région de la phare sixième édition du SAFEM 2009.
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Stadtmüller founded the Albanian Institute in Munich, Germany, in 1963. Stadtmüller is the author of hypothesis that Mat valley was summer pasturage for early Albanians. According to this hypothesis Albanian language does not have loan words for flora and fauna found above 900m because this valley is situated in more than 1,000 m altitude and surrounded by mountains, admitting that flora and fauna found in lower ranges have loanwords originating in Slavic languages. (1) Stadtmuller's (1966) hypothesis that the mountains surrounding the Mat valley, with 1000-2000 m elevation, provided the summer pasturage of the early Albanians, whose lexicon is free of borrowings for the flora & fauna found above 900 m & admits Slavic loanwords in the 600-900 m range.
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Grazing management has two overall goals, each of which is multifaceted: # Protecting the quality of the pasturage against deterioration by overgrazing ## In other words, maintain the sustainability of the pasturage # Protecting the health of the animals against acute threats, such as: ## Grass tetany and nitrate poisoning ## Trace element overdose, such as molybdenum and selenium poisoning ## Grass sickness and laminitis in horses ## Milk sickness in calves Dairy cattle grazing in Germany A proper land use and grazing management technique balances maintaining forage and livestock production, while still maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. It does this by allowing sufficient recovery periods for regrowth. Producers can keep a low density on a pasture, so as not to overgraze. Controlled burning of the land can help in the regrowth of plants.
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" It also states that it is "A perennial grass, which keeps beautifully green all through the year. For this reason its growth for pasturage should be encouraged, particularly as it will live on poor soil, provided it be damp. It is considered nearly as valuable as Kangaroo grass, and in the cool season more so.
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The main activity is agriculture (livestock, pasturage, polyculture). The commune is in the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty. The quality of the water from the rivers allows development of Fish farming. A Hydro-electric power station has been built at the confluence of the Gave d'Aspe and the Gave de Lourdios.
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His report spurred Erik the Red, an outlawed chieftain, to establish a settlement there in 985. While they flourished initially, these settlements eventually foundered due to changing climatic conditions (see Little Ice Age). They are believed to have survived until around 1450. Greenland's early settlers sailed westward, in search of better pasturage and hunting grounds.
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Systematic Botany Monographs 71: 1–75 Paspalum scrobiculatum (koda, varuka, varuku, etc.) is a millet locally grown as food grain. Some species, such as bahiagrass (P. notatum) and P. nicorae, are grown for pasturage, especially with the perennial forage peanut (Arachis glabrata) as a companion crop. Bahiagrass has also some significance as a honey plant.
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A total of 1.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 43.0% is used for growing crops and 43.0% is pasturage, while 3.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.
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Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics. In particular, the Basotho destroyed farmhouses and burned large swathes of pasturage and cropland in the area between Smithfield and Reddersburg. The Boer commandos, for their part, attacked and destroyed the French Evangelical Mission station at Beersheba, near Smithfield, which the Boers considered to be sympathetic towards the Basotho.
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A total of 17.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 38.4% is used for growing crops and 22.2% is pasturage, while 1.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
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A total of 16.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 41.1% is used for growing crops and 23.8% is pasturage, while 1.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
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Codex Justinianeus 4.48.5; Fragmenta Vaticana 297; Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 6; Barnes, New Empire, 50; Potter, 281. In the Balkans during the autumn of 285, he encountered a tribe of Sarmatians who demanded assistance. The Sarmatians requested that Diocletian either help them recover their lost lands or grant them pasturage rights within the empire.
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As pigs (Suidae) were domesticated, the remaining woods were used for pasturing them. For example, the founder of Bourne Abbey endowed it with "pannage for their swine in Bourne Wood and a free road to it for their carts and wagons". Pannage is feeding or pasturage for swine in a wood. Compare the New Forest.
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A total of 6.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 53.4% is used for growing crops and 15.9% is pasturage, while 1.9% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
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Black medick is sometimes used as a fodder plant. Its hardiness and ability to grow in poor soils, as well as its tendency to fix nitrogen in the soil, make black medick a good choice for pasturage, although its fodder value is limited. It is grazed by sheep but is not very palatable to cattle.
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After distribution to commercial packing houses, to SERAs (State Emergency Relief Association) for processing in work relief projects, to temporary pasturage until facilities became available, or for use as dairy or breeder cows, the FSRC had processed 657,396,312 pounds of fresh and canned beef. This represented 3.5% of the average annual consumption of pork and beef.
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They are also engaged in agriculture, hunting, fishing and animal husbandry. The management plan allows no more than 5% of the total area to be used for farming or pasturage. Threats include possible release of buffalo, pigs and other exotic species that threaten the ecosystems, over-fishing, trade in wildlife and domestic livestock, and illegal logging.
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Jama wetland in Maizhokunggar County is vulnerable to grazing and climate change. Extensive mining in some mountainous regions have turned areas of what was green pasturage into a grey wasteland. The authorities are reported to have suppressed protests by the local people. Military personnel have been involved in efforts to protect and improve the environment, including replanting programs.
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The following year, the planting in the fields would be rotated. Pasturage was held in common. The tenants pastured their livestock on the fallow field and on the planted fields after harvest. An elaborate set of laws and controls, partly set by the Lord of the Manor and partly by the tenants themselves regulated planting, harvest, and pasturing.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 11.4% is used for growing crops and 15.6% is pasturage. Of the water in the municipality, 0.9% is in lakes and 0.4% is in rivers and streams. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Thun, of which it was the capital, was dissolved.
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Urban centers and small farming settlements along the rivers are surrounded by land cleared for houses, agriculture and livestock pasturage. The expansion of small-scale livestock production poses a threat. A planned extension of the Trans-Amazonian Highway from Lábrea on the Purus River to Tabatinga on border between Peru, Brazil and Colombia would cause widespread habitat destruction.
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García Sanz, (1998), p.82-4 The Habsburg monarchs were inconsistent in granting exemptions from the Mesta’s privileges, including posesión, in return for payment. However, in 1633, after a sharp downturn in wool sales and the related tax revenue, the rules of posesión were renewed, and pastures converted to arable were ordered to be restored to pasturage.
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Chibuene inhabitants made use of domesticated animals from southern Africa and successful shark and turtle hunting practices from neighbors from the north in order to adequately exploit the resources of the particular region they inhabited with easy access to the coast and variable land for pasturage in addition to invaluable trade resources procured from the Indian Ocean trade network.
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However, the climate was very hot and unhealthy. The original inhabitants of the region, members of the Banu Khuza'a and Banu Kinanah tribes, were forced to abandon it due to its poor pasturage and the tendency for them to be afflicted by fevers. Prior to Muhammad's address, Ghadir Khumm had never previously been used as a caravan stop.
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However, most of the increases in production came from vast areas of land coming under further cultivation. Families began increasing the amount of time at work, bringing fallow land into use. Sharecropping increased utilizing land that had been for animal pasturage. Along with state policy, millions of refugees brought vast tracts of untilled land into production.
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The Mandinka entrusted their own herds to the Fula, who circulated freely in Kaabu. Intermarriage between the two communities took place. Later, however, the relationship between the Fula and the Mandinka deteriorated. The once mutually beneficial relationship (in which the Mandinka provided pasturage and protection in exchange for taxes, services, and gifts from the Fula) became more exploitative.
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Serra Geral do Tocantins Ecological Station () is an ecological station in the states of Bahia and Tocantins, Brazil. It is one of the largest such units in the country, and protects a sparsely populated area of the cerrado biome. The main threat comes from frequent fires set by the local people in order to create cattle pasturage.
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The area had pasturage, wood and water. The garrison consisted of the commander, Captain Francisco Tovar and fifty-six soldados de cuera ("leather jackets"). Artillery had not yet arrived at the isolated post, which was still under construction at the time of battle. The fighting men were armed with pistols, muskets, bows, swords, adargas (leather shields), and lances.
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Fanciful folklore of the 19th century claimed Lough Scur was named from Oscar son of Oisín, and his grave lay at Aghascur, "the field of the Scur". However, it is pointed out the word "Scur" () has various meanings, and probably translates to "". O’Donovan suggests 'Scuir' means "", and the suggests Lough Scuir means "the lake of the horses, pasturage, troop".
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Land was set off to Brownfield in 1831, 1832 and 1855. Although farmers found the town's surface uneven, the hillsides offered excellent pasturage for cattle. Porter became noted for its orchards. Outlets of ponds provided sites for mills, with the best water power on the Ossipee River at Kezar Falls, where part of the village lies in Parsonsfield.
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Clarke and Lake were Boston merchants, who built at Spring Cove on the island's northeast corner a stockaded trading post and blockhouse protected by at least two great guns. In 1658–1659, land was cleared for pasturage, streets, a warehouse, sawmill, gristmill, bake house, blacksmith shop, cooperage and shipyard. Several large dwellings were erected, one called the Mansion House.
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The Toposa economy and social life revolves around herding livestock, including cattle, camels, donkeys, goats and sheep. The Toposa also pan for gold and other precious minerals in the stream beds. Boys are first given care of goats and sheep, then graduate to looking after cattle when they come of age. They may travel considerable distances seeking water and pasturage.
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Possession of cattle, along with possession of a loaded gun, are the main measures of status and wealth. Cattle are central to Toposa culture. The Toposa have always competed for water and pasturage with their neighbors, and have always engaged in cattle rustling. The traditional Toposa weapon was a long throwing spear, used in raids in conjunction with a shield.
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From 1144, the lords of Rogemont ruled the Aranc Valley. According to the authors this feudal lordship was one of the oldest in the Bugey. The pasturage agreements with the Chartreuse de Meyriat (an ancient Carthusian monastery) in 1116 show that the lordship already existed. Most of village life at that time was governed by the lords of Rogemont and the castle.
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Their grazing territory extends across the border into Kenya, and they claim a large part of northeastern Garissa District. They are active in the cross-border cattle trade. In 1984 there was little rain. In search of grazing, Aulihan from Garissa District pushed into Isiolo District where they started to push the Boran people from their pasturage and to raid their herds.
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A total of 29.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 12.6% is pasturage and 40.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 5.8% is unproductive vegetation and 2.8% is too rocky for vegetation.
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The region encompassing the Shabeelle and Jubba rivers is relatively well watered and constitutes the country's most arable zone. The lowland between the rivers supports rich pasturage. It features arid to subarid savanna, open woodland, and thickets that include frequently abundant underlying grasses. There are areas of grassland, and in the far southwest, near the Kenyan border, some dry evergreen forests are found.
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A total of 34.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.9% is used for growing crops and 46.8% is pasturage, while 1.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the Emmental.
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A total of 27.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 12.8% is pasturage and 42.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 4.5% is unproductive vegetation and 2.8% is too rocky for vegetation.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 41.1% is used for growing crops and 22.9% is pasturage, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the Drumlin hill country between the Aare valley and the upper Gürbe valley.
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Tassara rural commune lies at the junction of the Sahel and the Sahara, receiving just enough yearly rainfall to make seasonal nomadic pasturage possible.Comprendre l'économie of ménages ruraux au Niger. Save the Children UK, London 2009 Online version, p.8 The neighboring communes are Ingall to the northeast, Abalak to the southeast, Tchintabaraden to the southwest and Tillia to the northwest.
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The project is designed to re-integrate former refugees and combatants from long simmering ethnic conflicts between Fula herders, and their Diffa Arab and Daza/Tubu neighbours over pasturage, water, and other land use. Fula pastoralists based around the town raise sheep and goats, and produce cheese and other agricultural products.Repartir de zéro – English Summary , UNV.org/UNDP, 4 December 2002.
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The reserve holds parts of the basins of the Jaó and Matão streams. The climate is hot, with average rainfall of about , falling mainly in the summer (October to March). The reserve contains an example of the Atlantic Forest biome. About 80% of the land is covered in well-preserved forest, while the remainder holds abandoned pasturage and secondary growth forest.
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Gourley died in 1970 and Pennzoil bought the property from his estate in 1973 for US$26.5 million and increased its area to . Pennzoil continued cattle ranching and expanded the facilities for guests. In 1996 Ted Turner purchased the property from Pennzoil, sold the cattle, and put emphasis on managing wildlife. He used much of the former cattle pasturage for bison.
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Elsewhere large areas of natural forest along the Amazon banks have been cleared and the savanna converted to pasturage. Most of the commercially value timber species such as Virola surinamensis and Ceiba pentandra have been harvested. The remaining forest is mostly secondary growth, either managed or unmanaged. Urban sprawl in the city of Monte Alegre has also affected the ecoregion.
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A total of 25.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 9.5% is pasturage and 38.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 9.1% is unproductive vegetation and 10.3% is too rocky for vegetation.
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A total of 26.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 9.8% is pasturage and 40.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 6.9% is unproductive vegetation and 7.5% is too rocky for vegetation.
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The oldest mention of the village is in a charter of 1226. In 1264 Ename Abbey owned a stretch of marshland in the area. The soil was sandy and the landscape low-lying heathland, granted to Oosteeklo Abbey and sublet to tenant farmers. Pasturage was supplemented with woodland and a limited acreage of arable land on which mostly rye and buckwheat were grown.
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Together with Gnosca and Moleno it was one of the three churches that used the Ambrosian Rite in the County of Bellinzona. Traditionally, the village economy was based mostly on alpine pasturage and agriculture. However, by 2005, only 13% of jobs were in agriculture, while 56% were in manufacturing. More than three-quarters of workers commuted to Biasca and Bellinzona.
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Eastern Canada was settled well before the West. Immigration and trading posts came later to Rupert's Land and the Northwest Territories. The early immigrants combined European agricultural and domestication procedures with the indigenous knowledge of the land and animals of the area. As early as 1605, the French Acadians built dikes in the Maritimes for wheat, flax, vegetables, pasturage and marshland farming.
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Ostensibly, his motive was to increase communal feeling among the brothers by increasing their financial security. Although Guadamir's division—one third of revenues from the market, tolls, pasturage rights and the mint were to go to the chapter—remained in force long after his death, it was rarely followed, and required re-confirmation by Bishop Oliba in 1038 (to little effect).
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George J. Varney, History of Waterford, Maine; Boston, Massachusetts 1886 On March 2, 1797, Waterford was incorporated, with land annexed from Albany in 1811. The surface of the town is uneven and somewhat mountainous. It was well-suited for pasturage and orchards, and agriculture became a principal occupation. Sawmills were built at streams to manufacture the region's abundant timber into lumber.
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On 15 September 1602 James Beaton and his son David Beaton agreed to resign the keeping of Falkland Palace and their lands of Darno in Fife to the crown. In exchange the Beatons were given the lands of Nether Byres and Urquharts, and the pasturage on the Lomond Hills.Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1599-1604, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1884), pp. 495-6.
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Washoe, Pershing, and Humboldt counties meet in the Hualapai Flat. The northern two-thirds of the valley are used for pasturage by cattle ranches. The southern third is occupied by a playa on the Fly Ranch. The valley has a number of geothermal features associated with the northwest Nevada volcanic region, such as Fly Geyser, also called The Geyser, Cottonwood Springs, and Wards Hot Spring.
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A total of 20.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 28.7% is used for growing crops and 27.6% is pasturage, while 4.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes. The village is located approximately 5 kilometers from the city of Thun.
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A total of 22.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 17.0% is used for growing crops and 46.7% is pasturage, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in part of the Emmental.
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A description of Sonora in 1767 said the mine had been abandoned, with its shafts flooded, due to the hostility of the Apaches. Today the land is used for pasturage. Due to its historical significance, the site has been registered with the National Institute of Anthropology and History, and is protected by the 1972 Federal law for archaeological, historical and artistic zones and monuments.
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Farmers generally avoided the area in the early years of settlement, because the soil, although rich, was frequently flooded and poorly drained. Instead, the land was used for pasturage, though sudden storms would often drown the stock. Starting in 1804, talks began about the best way to drain the swampland. First, an attempt was made to clear the natural obstacles, but that proved too expensive.
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The term "conjectural history" was not generally accepted in Stewart's time. There was an orthodox four stages theory of society, the stages being: # hunting; # pasturage; # agriculture; and # commerce. This ladder-like ordering was taken to be a strict, linear progression, or unilineal evolution. Some economic determinism applied, in the sense that the baseline of subsistence was assumed to have a serious effect on social matters.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 1.7% is pasturage and 6.5% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.4% is in lakes and 0.9% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 13.3% is unproductive vegetation, 33.0% is too rocky for vegetation and 26.8% of the land is covered by glaciers.
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A total of 20.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 19.9% is used for growing crops and 45.6% is pasturage, while 1.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Trachselwald, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.
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The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) gives the region the status of "Vulnerable". The forest are fairly accessible, and are increasingly threatened by logging of commercially valuable Podocarpus and Prumnopitys species. Large areas of the original forest have been cleared for pasturage or subsistence agriculture, or replaced by thickets. Protected areas include the Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve, Podocarpus National Park and Noroeste Biosphere Reserve.
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He said that Wrigley "stood for capitalistic thought, for compromise and for pasturage on both sides of the fence." Richard Parmater Pettipiece had been publishing the Lardeau Eagle, a miners' journal that supported the Socialist League. In 1902 he bought an interest in the Citizen and Country. Starting in July 1902 the journal began appearing in Vancouver with Wrigley's help as the Canadian Socialist.
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The Sahelian Zone extends south of the Saharan Zone to within approximately 30 kilometres of the Senegal River. It forms an east–west belt with its axis running from Boutilimit through 'Ayoûn el 'Atroûs to Néma, including the Aoukar basin. The area is mostly made up of steppes and savanna grasslands. Herds of cattle, sheep, and goats move across this zone in search of pasturage.
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The Serra Ricardo Franco State Park () is a state park in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It protects the edge of a plateau on the border with Bolivia in the region of transition from cerrado to Amazon rainforest. The park has been poorly protected and is badly degraded in areas by deforestation and conversion to pasturage. It is threatened by illegal squatters, hunting and burning.
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As of 1911, among grain crops oats were most generally cultivated, but barley and wheat were also raised. Turnips and potatoes were the chief green crops. The higher land contains much good pasturage, with many sheep, blackfaced being the principal breed. Most of the horses, principally half-breds between the old garrons (hardy, serviceable, small animals) and Clydesdales, were maintained for the purposes of agriculture.
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Vigna trilobata is cultivated in India, Pakistan, and Sudan for short-term pasturage. It is valued highly as it is very tolerant of grazing and is very palatable, even being a human food alternative. However, it tends to have a very low yield.Gowda, C.L.L., Ramakrishna, A., Rupela, O.P. and Wani, S.P. (eds) (2001) Legumes in Rice- based Cropping Systems in Tropical Asia Constraints and Opportunities.
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Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 During the same year, housing and buildings made up 0.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.5%. A total of 20.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.8% is pasturage and 29.3% is used for alpine pastures.
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Sonoma County is the home of Sonoma State University and Santa Rosa Junior College. Sonoma County is home to several Native American tribes. By the 1830s, European settlement had set a new direction that would prove to radically alter the course of land use and resource management of this region. Sonoma County has rich agricultural land, largely divided between two nearly monocultural uses as of 2009: grapes and pasturage.
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The Nadapal belt includes valuable pasture and water points, and has always been an area of conflict between Turkana and Toposa herders. In normal times the Nadapal wetlands provide abundant pasturage and water for the herds of cattle, sheep and goats. The 2009 assessment found that available food included sorghum, maize, meat, sugar, oil, salt and rice, cooked using firewood collected by the women. Insufficient rain was causing food insecurity.
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It is known for the abundance of its pasturage, and possesses a fairly extensive irrigated area and many date groves. Buleda is said to have been the home of Buledai dynasty, there are many Dambis or cairns of the banks of a hill called the Dambani Kaur. The number of permanent Union councils is six, the principal among which are Sulo, Chib, Bit, Mainaz and Koshk. The inhabitants are Sunni Muslims.
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In the north and central coast, orchards and fields predominate; while in the central plains, pasturage. An overview of Tunisian land use would apportion arable land at 17%-19%, with forest and woodland 4%, permanent crops 13%, irrigated lands at 2.4%; about 20% is used for pasture. There are limited fresh water resources. In the south the environment grows increasingly arid, until eventually reaching the Sahara desert borderlands.
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Hatvany, M. G. "The Origins of the Acadian Aboiteau: An Environmental Historical Geography," Historical Geography, 30 (2002): 121-137. The Acadians constructed earthen dykes to isolate areas of salt marsh from repeated inundation by the tides. Noted Acadian dykes include the dyking of the tidal marshes at Grand Pre in the early 1680s. Around 1755, 13,000 acres of salt marsh were reclaimed using this dike for pasturage and intensive agricultural production.
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The World Wide Fund for Nature gives the ecoregion the status "Critical/Endangered". 38% of the two mangrove sub-regions is in critical condition and suffers from high levels of fragmentation. The government enacted a ban on building shrimp farms in or near mangroves in 1985. However, development of shrimp farms and conversion of land to pasturage in adjacent areas has affected the mangroves in the Cojimíes sub-region.
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A total of 45.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 2.2% is used for growing crops and 11.5% is pasturage and 27.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 3.2% is unproductive vegetation and 1.1% is too rocky for vegetation.
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The village of Dakkere developed as a result of migrations of local peoples in search of pasturage for their herds. The combination of the lay of the land and the vegetation favoured settlement on the site of the village. Dakkere is run by a traditional chief of the second degree. The Cameroon People's Democratic Movement and the National Union for Democracy and Progress are the main political parties.
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The World Wildlife Fund gives the ecoregion the status of "Critical/Endangered". The habitat has badly damaged by farming and grazing, particularly the north and center of the region. The vulnerable yellow-shouldered amazon is illegally collected for sale as a pet. As of 2002 of the in the ecoregion, or 34.8% had natural cover or extractive land use, while the remainder had been converted to agricultural land, including pasturage.
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A total of 34.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 23.2% is used for growing crops and 30.8% is pasturage, while 1.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the upper Emmental near the head waters of the Emme river.
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612–615: up to this time, the Roman elite had favoured Greek imported wine over any of Rome's homegrown versions. Roman writers have little to say about large-scale stock-breeding, but make passing references to its profitability. Drummond speculates that this might reflect elite preoccupations with historical grain famines, or long-standing competition between agriculturalists and pastoralists. While agriculture was a seasonal practise, pasturage was a year- round requirement.
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Palace Hotel in St. Moritz Agriculture is still essential to keep remote valleys inhabited and cultivated, differing it from sheer wilderness. Agriculture is therefore supported by subsidies by the authorities both national and regional. Eight percent of the population work in agriculture and forestry, where 50 per cent of the production is certified as organic. Agriculture includes forests and mountain pasturage in summer, particularly of cows, sheep and goats.
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Cattle in Lokoli Cattle, goats and sheep are the primary animals raised in Benin, most found on the northern grasslands. Pasturage for cattle, goats and sheep is whatever natural plant growth occurs in the area, supplemented by crop residues when these are available. Sheep are often tethered while grazing and goats are left to forage on their own. Very few individuals provide cut fodders or concentrated animal feed for their animals.
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A total of 33.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.2% is pasturage and 20.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 6.5% is unproductive vegetation, 21.3% is too rocky for vegetation and 2.8% of the land is covered by glaciers.
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The Halifax Common was originally a lightly forested swampy area which formed the source of Freshwater Brook, which flowed into Halifax Harbour near the site of today's Pier 21. The Common was designated by surveyors following the settling of Halifax in 1749. It was created to serve three purposes. The first was to provide pasturage for horses and livestock, both by the military garrison and the citizens of Halifax.
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The island was situated in the river slightly upstream of the Île Saint-Louis. In 1408 the island belonged to the ' Nicolas de Louviers, whose name remained attached to it to the end. It was a low-lying ait in the river, used for pasturage as it was prone to flooding. The city of Paris purchased it in 1700 and let it out to timber merchants, whose supplies were floated downstream.
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A total of 22.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 26.0% is used for growing crops and 37.2% is pasturage, while 2.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Lützelflüh lies in the lower Emmental, right on the Emme between Langnau and Burgdorf.
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A total of 35.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 2.0% is used for growing crops and 31.0% is pasturage and 19.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 1.9% is unproductive vegetation and 1.5% is too rocky for vegetation.
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The haulage and logistics firm Meyer & Meyer is based in Fledder – founded in 1902, it employs around 2,300 people today. The district's name links back to the old term used for the lowland area to the southwest of the city centre. Due to its lowness and moisture, this area was only used for pasturage. The term “Fladder” was used to denote such moorland only thinly covered with soil.
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The main economic activity is processing and marketing of babassu palm fruit, mainly by the women. The men cultivate rice, beans, maize and cassava, mainly for their family consumption. A 2015 study reported that after 22 years the families of the reserve still lived outside it in surrounding communities. The result had been constant competition for resources and disputes with farmers, and steady clearance of the babassu to expand pasturage for livestock.
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Boggs grew cash crops in the fertile bottomlands along Back Creek and raised clover for pasturage on the hilltops. After William Sr.'s death in 1791, his son, William Boggs, Jr. took over the land, working the farm until his death in 1836. The property was divided between Willam Jr.'s son John, with and daughter Jane with .In 1846 John sold his share for $2000 to Jane's husband, Thomas C. Harper.
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A total of 20.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 33.6% is used for growing crops and 34.9% is pasturage, while 2.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located on the Rothbach stream and includes the village of Dürrenroth on the southern valley terrace.
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Barfield School, an independent mixed gender Primary School, is now located there; Mike Hawthorn, Britain's first Formula One motor racing World Champion was educated here. Kei's Beijing Restaurant Runfold, along with a number of other villages in the Surrey and Sussex Weald (such as Alfold, Dunsfold, Durfold, Kingsfold and Chiddingfold) comprise the "Fold Villages", the suffix probably relating to the clearance of forest and its use as pasturage for sheep or cattle in Saxon times.
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He was the first agent for the Southern Pacific Milling Company, which built an early warehouse and flour mill alongside the railroad tracks running through town. The mill was built by R. M. Shackelford, an early California settler and businessman who owned sheep pasturage next to that of Charles King.[12] Agriculture has always played in role in King City history. Between 1910 and 1930, the city became famous for growing pink beans.
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Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Charles Wentworth, searching for new pasturage made their famous "first" crossing of the Blue Mountains in 1813. The so called "First Crossing" took place on the traditional lands of the Dharug, Gundungurra and Wiradjuri people. Other routes through the ridges and valleys of the Blue Mountains had been used by Aboriginal people for tens of thousands of years. Cox was born in Wimborne Minster, Dorset in 1764.
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The Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests (NT0121) is an ecoregion in the eastern range of the Andes of southern Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru. The ecoregion covers the eastern slopes of the Andes, and includes montane forest that rises from the Amazonian rain forest, with cloud forest and elfin forest at higher elevations. It is rich in species, including many endemics. It is threatened by logging and conversion for pasturage and subsistence agriculture.
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A bar or borrow ditch is a roadside channel dug for drainage purposes. Typically, the dirt is "borrowed" from the ditch, and used to crown the road. It is a variation of a bar or borrow pit, in construction, when dirt is removed and used for construction purposes, and later left to fill with water, forming ponds or lakes. Also, adjacent to pasturage, the ditch confines livestock, keeping them from straying onto road.
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Based on agricultural production, a village is smaller than a town and has been the normal unit of community living in most areas of the world throughout history while the traditional occupation is agriculture. The village community consists of a group of people, possibly linked by blood, using land, sometimes held communally, for cultivation and pasturage. Moothakurichi is the head of the village panchayat for the near by villages such as Kandiyankadu and Silambavelankadu.
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In 1901 the Socialist Party of British Columbia was formed, allied with the Socialist Party of America. Hermon F. Titus, editor of the Seattle Socialist, helped organize this more radical group. He said that Wrigley "stood for capitalistic thought, for compromise and for pasturage on both sides of the fence." By January 1902 there were more than sixty CSL branches in Canada, including New Brunswick, Ontario, Manitoba, British Columbia, and the Northwest Territories.
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An association agreement with the European Union will move Tunisia toward full free trade with the EU by 2008. The face of the countryside changes markedly as one moves from north to south. In the north and central coast, orchards and fields predominate; while in the central plains, pasturage. Overall, arable land is 17%–19%, with forest and woodland 4%, permanent crops 13%, irrigated lands at2.4%; about 20% is used for pasture.
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The cañadas (traditional rights-of-way for sheep or sheep-walks) are legally protected in perpetuity from being built on, cultivated or blocked. The most important cañadas were called , because they were established by royal decrees. The origin of the Mesta is related to the growth of transhumance after the Castilian conquest of the Taifa of Toledo. Three groups were granted royal charters including the rights to winter pasturage in the Tagus valley.
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Perhaps the most controversial of the Mesta's privileges was the right of posesión, which established the Mesta's perpetual title to tenancy for all pasturess leased by its members.Klein, p.92 Its origin lay in the Mesta’s code for its own internal administration, dated 1492. One clause attempted to prevent competition among the sheep owners for winter pasturage through an arrangement for the joint bargaining for pasture leases by lessees acting for the Mesta.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 36.8% is used for growing crops and 35.5% is pasturage, while 1.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. The municipality consists of the village of Walterswil, the hamlets of Schmidigen and Mühleweg, a cluster of farm houses at Wiggisberg and other individual farm houses. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Trachselwald, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.
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A total of 28.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.5% is used for growing crops and 28.0% is pasturage, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the water in the municipality, 1.0% is in lakes and 1.0% is in rivers and streams. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Niedersimmental, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.
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A total of 36.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 51.7% is pasturage and 1.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. It is made up of the villages of Brunnadern, St. Peterzell, and Mogelsberg as well as the hamlets of Wald-Schönengrund, Dicken, Nassen, Hoffeld, Dieselbach, Ebersol and Necker.
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A reconstruction of a slave ship in Albreda. Niumi lay in open savanna which provided pasturage and dry sandy soil for groundnut production. Baddibu, its eastern neighbor, was one of the richest groundnut- producing areas on the Gambia River, but lacked suitable river transportation. As Niumi had one of the few stretches of river frontage on the Gambia not choked by mangrove swamps, important land and water routes intersected with the kingdom.
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The World Wildlife Fund classes the ecoregion as "Relatively Stable/Intact". Most of the environment is undamaged, apart from the south. A paved road (BR-319) was built along the length of the region from Humaitá to Manaus, but it proved impossible to maintain and was closed. The Trans-Amazonian Highway crosses the southwestern end of the region from Humaitá to Lábrea and has caused deforestation to create pasturage and agricultural fields.
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After going two leagues we were > again caught in a very heavy rain. Father Fray Francisco Atanasio became > worse and the road impassable, and so, having traveled with great difficulty > two more leagues to the west, we had to camp on the bank of the first of two > little rivers which form the San Lázaro, otherwise called Río de los Mancos. > The pasturage continues in great abundance. Today four and a half leagues.
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Gundulf had endowed the community with the manor of Malling and Archbishop Anselm had given the manor of East Malling. Royal grants gave the nuns the rights to weekly markets and annual fairs as well as wood-cutting and pasturage rights in nearby royal forests. Bequests and gifts also added to the community's income. The western end of the Norman abbey church of St Mary's Abbey, probably completed towards the end of the 12th century.
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Defending the valuable traditional rights of the local peasantry to pasturage within the confines of Galtres led to violence against incursions, even ones legitimated by the king's will: a band of forty armed men assembled from five villages threw down enclosures and burned hedges in the Forest of Galtres in the plague year of 1348.Jean Birrell, "Common rights in the medieval forest: disputes and conflicts in the thirteenth century", Past & Present 117 (November 1987: 22–49) p. 48.
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A total of 53.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 2.5% is used for growing crops and 24.9% is pasturage and 13.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The large, mostly rural municipality is located on the southern slopes of the Napf mountain and includes both banks of the Ilfis river.
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At nearly fifty-five square miles, Union is the third-largest of Mason County's ten magisterial districts, following Clendenin and Arbuckle Districts. The terrain is steep and hilly, except for the bottomlands along the Kanawha and on Thirteenmile Creek. Although rough, the soil through most of the district is a fertile mixture of various clays; that in the bottoms consists of a mixture of white clay and black loam. The hills are suitable for livestock and pasturage.
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Dense nursery plantations were established and mature specimen trees were planted. Some pasturage was left in its natural state and open areas were set aside for a lawn tennis court, the great lawn south of the mansion, and formal gardens. John Charles Olmsted played a major role in the design of the estate. The full extent of Olmsted's influence on the final design is not really known, but the firm's well known approach to landscape is evident.
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This economic potential varied from the extent of land required to graze cattle to the land required to support several families. The highest density of townland units recorded in Ulster in 1609 corresponds to the areas with the highest land valuations in the 1860s. It seems that many moorland areas were not divided into townlands until fairly recently. These areas were "formerly shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony".
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Fulani nomads were found in many parts of central Sudan from Darfur to the Blue Nile, and they occasionally competed with indigenous populations for pasturage. In Darfur groups of Fulani origin adapted in various ways to the presence of the Baqqara tribes. Some retained all aspects of their culture and language. A few had become much like Baqqara in language and in other respects, although they tended to retain their own breeds of cattle and ways of handling them.
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The city, located at an average altitude of , is crossed by the Gave de Pau, where a ford gave passage to the Pyrenees. Gave is the name given to a torrent in the Pyrenees. The Gave de Pau, which becomes a torrent when mountain snow melts, takes its source in the Cirque de Gavarnie and is the main tributary of the Adour, into which it empties after . The crossing was used for pasturage for sheep in the high meadows.
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In property law, fructus naturales are the natural fruits of the land on which they arise, such as the produce from old roots (pasturage) and uncultivated plants (e.g. timber and fruit), and wild game. In many common law legal systems, fructus naturales are considered to be part of the real property, and not separate chattels in relation to any legal conveyance of the property. This term originates from the term fructus naturales used in the Roman law.
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By the 1500s, there was already a difference between the forest Sami and the fell Sami. The forest Sami remained in the lowlands in summer, pasturing their reindeer in bogs, while the fell Sami moved their herds high onto the fells, above the tree line, for summer pasturage., citing At that time, the forest Sami were called granlappar (Spruce Lapps). As a result of this cultural divide, the two groups were subject to different forms of taxation.
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Horses at Old Friends Equine Old Friends is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) equine retirement facility in Georgetown, Kentucky, accredited by the Thoroughbred Aftercare Alliance (TAA). The organization started with one leased paddock and two horses, but now owns 136 acres, Dreamchase Farm, with additional leased pasturage. It is the only Thoroughbred retirement facility in the United States that accepts stallions on a regular basis. Old Friends is currently home to over 150 retired Thoroughbred athletes.
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The economy is sustained by agriculture and pasturage, but the scarcity of water restricts wide scale farming, while the low literacy rate prevents entrance into government service. All these factors cumulatively keep the local people in a vicious cycle of poverty. The majority of the population belong to lower socio-economic strata. In the British era the majority of Harifal and Bargha Sherani used to go to Siahband, Herat and Maimana in Afghanistan to collect asafetida .Gazetteer.
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In the populated Adrar and Tagant plateaus, springs and wells provide water for pasturage and some agriculture. In the western portion of the Saharan Zone, extending toward Nouakchott, rows of sand dunes are aligned from northeast to southwest in ridges from two to twenty kilometres wide. Between these ridges are depressions filled with limestone and clayey sand capable of supporting vegetation after a rain. Dunes in the far north shift with the wind more than those in the south.
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Stono Mountain, embraced in this section, is said to afford excellent sheep pasturage. The northern portion of the county is drained northward by the Big River and its tributaries, including the Flat River, most often known locally as "Flat River Creek." The southwestern portion of the county, drained by Indian Creek, is exceedingly hilly. The central and northern section is drained by Big River and its tributaries, Flat River, Davis Creek, Big Branch, Terre Bleu and Three Rivers.
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The main conflicting uses are deforestation, burning, predatory hunting and invasion by squatters. A large part of the park has been heavily degraded by logging, mining, deforestation and burning to create pasturage. In November 2015 staff from SEMA and the military police were searching the park for about 40 illegal gold miners who had moved there after being expelled from the Serra da Borda. However, the park has significant ecotourism potential with walks, trails and environmental education.
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A total of 19.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 29.9% is used for growing crops and 32.0% is pasturage, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. It is situated in the lower Emmental on the border with the Canton of Lucerne between Eriswil, Wyssachen, Dürrenroth and Walterswil.
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Pastor de Togneri, pp.382-3 On arrival in the winter pastures, the shepherds inspected whether the pasture lands they had previously leased were adequate. Despite being granted, in theory at least, free access to southern pastures by royal charter, from the middle of the 16th century few stockholders came south without first arranging suitable pasturage, otherwise they had to pay excessive rents for any remaining low- quality grazing, often in the hills.Marín Barriguete (1992), pp.
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Church Farm Sunk Island originated as a sand bank in the Humber Estuary; at first it was open sea, then sand accumulated there until visible at low tides, then at all tides. Colonel Anthony Gilby made the outer banks, empoldering it and making it useful for pasturage, under lease/gift from the crown.Philosophical Transactions, vol 30, p. 1015 By the reign of Charles I of England, it was said to form a island, from the mainland.
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The first indication of Jean acting as an agent of the central government comes from August 1274. He and Raynald de Poncel conducted an investigation into the right of pasturage in the lands of Buccino that was claimed by the villagers of nearby Castel San Giorgio. Buccino and its castle were at that time a fief held by Gautier de Sommereuse. In May 1279, Jean d'Eppe and Jean Toursevache were sent on a secret mission to France.
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View of Weston village in 1908 Weston was originally the western part of Andover called West Town. Because Markham and Terrible Mountain blocked travel between the town's halves, it was set off and incorporated on October 26, 1799, by the legislature. Set among the Green Mountains, the terrain is very rough and mountainous, but the intervales provided good soil for agriculture and pasturage. A second village grew at the canal cut to divert the West River to power watermills.
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A total of 17.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.9% is pasturage and 28.5% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.2% is in lakes and 0.7% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 5.8% is unproductive vegetation, 23.4% is too rocky for vegetation and 8.5% of the land is covered by glaciers.
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Another classic work by the same author called the Abhijnana-shakuntala also mentions that Shakuntala and king Dushyanta's romantic daliance occurred here. It is also mentioned that Swami Vivekananda mediatated here for eighteen days. Next to the confluence site there is a large pasturage on the bank where cows are seen grazing. According to a local legend, a local zamindar (landlord) inadvertently killed a cow (go-hatya) in this pasture land, which according to Hindu religion was considered a religious offence.
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Quilombola communities in the affected areas had mobilized to form the Committee of the Campaign Against the Dams of the River Ribeira de Iguape. They asserted that the constitution gave them ownership of their land, and the dams could not be built without their permission. Risks included the loss of land suitable for farming or pasturage, changes to the biological dynamics of the river, and the potential for flooding of several lead mines that could release waste into the river.
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Chinese in earlier dynasties evidently drank milk and ate dairy products, although not necessarily from cows, but perhaps koumiss (fermented mare's milk) or goat's milk. Many Chinese have until recently avoided milk, partly because pasturage for milk producers in a monsoon rice ecology is not economic,Jack Goody, Cooking, Cuisine, and Class: A Study in Comparative Sociology (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 107; Chang, ed., Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives, 7, 25, 105-06.
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Accessed 1 May 2015 A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State.Roger B Beck, History of South Africa, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut 2000, p.74 In the battles that followed, the Orange Free State tried unsuccessfully to capture Moshoeshoe's mountain stronghold at Thaba Bosiu, while the Sotho conducted raids in Free State territories. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed.
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Badger Township is essentially agricultural in character, although a large percentage of it is of marginal quality with thin, sandy soils or swampland and potholed, essentially abandoned or unused for any cropland or pasturage purpose. As a result, much of the land is now included in wildlife management areas, including Kakaik State Wildlife Management Area, Erskine State Wildlife Management Area, and Polk State Wildlife Management Area, and much of the remainder of the township has been enrolled as CRP land.
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The main threat is unsustainable exploitation, particularly commercial extraction of wood and other forest products, sea food and minerals, and conversion of the land into pasturage. Offshore oil extraction also poses a threat, since an oil spill could have a devastating effect on the mangroves and thus on fish stocks. The ecoregion is protected by several conservation units including the Cabo Orange National Park. The Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station protects the Ilhas de Maracá, two islands about offshore in Amapá municipality.
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Before the sale, a detailed survey of the manor was undertaken which reveals that there was pasturage for 870 sheep and 124 oxen. Arable land was being used for wheat, barley and pulse together with some hemp for spinning. By 1600, Leigh's descendants had begun to sell parts of the estate, principally to its tenants, but these freeholds did not represent contiguous areas of land. A 1710 will reveals that one freeholder had 250 arable strips distributed in 207 locations.
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Lété Island is an island in the Niger River, approx. 16 kilometres long and 4 kilometres wide, located around 40 kilometres from the town of Gaya, Niger. Together with other smaller islands in the Niger River, it was the main object of a territorial dispute between Niger and Benin, which began when the two entities were still under French rule. The island, as well as seasonally flooded land around it, is valuable to semi-nomadic Puel cattle herders as a dry season pasturage.
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Farms of 300 to were common, some owners keeping a few slaves to work the land and serve in the household. The aim of the early settlers was to produce as many of the necessities of life as they could: subsistence farming, in other words. Each farm had a vegetable garden, orchard, pasturage and fields for grain, as well as a stand of timber to be selectively cut for fuel. What became known as the Harlingen Tract (1710) included part of Sourland Mountain.
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Although it mainly consists of sands and gravels, the plain is also crossed by several rivers. In ancient times, the land was best suited for cereal cultivation and, above all, for the pasturage of sheep in the winter. The Ofanto river, one of the longest rivers of the Italian Peninsula, marked the southern border of the plain. Despite their name, the impervious Daunian Mountains (1,152 m), west of the plain, were strongly hold by the Hirpini, an Oscan-speaking Samnite tribe.
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In most Persian rugs, the pile is of sheep's wool. Its characteristics and quality vary from each area to the next, depending on the breed of sheep, climatic conditions, pasturage, and the particular customs relating to when and how the wool is shorn and processed. Different areas of a sheep's fleece yield different qualities of wool, depending on the ratio between the thicker and stiffer sheep hair and the finer fibers of the wool. Usually, sheep are shorn in spring and fall.
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Although the title to the land constituting the range was in the United States, and the land was not inclosed, the right of the Griffiths to use it for the pasturage of their cattle was recognized and respected by their neighbors and other stock raisers in the county. It had excellent springs, furnishing water to cattle roaming over a large extent of country, and was capable of supporting from one to three thousand head. The property, therefore was of great value..
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217 Galtachan sunset. From left to right: Galta Beag, unnamed islet, Bodach (with the stooping silhouette of the "old man") Stacan Laidir and Galta Mòr. A century and a half later Martin Martin stated that > the two southern islands are separated only by spring-tides, and are in > circumference. Island-More hath a chapel in it dedicated to the Virgin Mary, > and is fruitful in corn and grass; the island joining to it on the west is > only for pasturage.
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A total of 39.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 9.2% is used for growing crops and 33.6% is pasturage, while 1.1% is used for orchards or vine crops and 6.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The widely spread municipality is located on both sides of the Ilfis river and stretches to Napf mountain.
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Rowley also held land at Bankstown, Petersham, and Liberty Plains (Concord) which was probably his principal residence. Rowley died of consumption in 1806. On the basis of what is known of Johnston's and Rowley's activities as well as the more general pattern of documented occupation in this period it is unlikely that substantial dwellings were erected on either property. The earliest use of the site, after both grants were cleared, probably was for pasturage and/or agricultural development, grain or hay crops.
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At the time of its creation the reserve had already been occupied for 15 years in about 94 locations by squatters who had moved north from Mato Grosso. As of 2015 about 200 families lived in the reserve. Large amounts of mahogany have been removed from the forests of the reserve via a network of roads, creating a fragmented and vulnerable landscape. The remaining lumber is not seen as high value, so trees are mostly felled in order to create pasturage.
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The local population is generally very poor, depending on subsistence farming and cattle raising, and the sale of golden grass (Syngonanthus nitens). Due to the irregular land ownership situation, as of 2005 the area suffered badly from illegal burning to create new pasturage for cattle. Burning is also done due to a local belief that it is needed by the golden grass, used in handicrafts. From May to October there is hardly any rain, and there is a high risk of fire.
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Crystallized honey: The inset shows a close-up of the honey, showing the individual glucose grains in the fructose mixture. The physical properties of honey vary, depending on water content, the type of flora used to produce it (pasturage), temperature, and the proportion of the specific sugars it contains. Fresh honey is a supersaturated liquid, containing more sugar than the water can typically dissolve at ambient temperatures. At room temperature, honey is a supercooled liquid, in which the glucose precipitates into solid granules.
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They travelled first to France and then to other parts of Europe where Richard lived under an assumed name. Richard's son Oliver Cromwell II (??-1705) took over the Hursley estate, and the tenants claimed their ancient rights and customs (including pasturage and felling trees) in a lengthy legal battle. Richard returned to Hursley after Oliver died in 1705 and lived on as lord of the manor until he died in 1712 whereupon he was buried in the chancel of All Saints' Church, Hursley.
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It began as part of Paris, granted by the Massachusetts General Court in 1771 to Captain Joshua Fuller and his company of 64 soldiers as payment for their service to the colony. First settled in 1779, the land was considered superior for pasturage and hay crops, and orchards were large and productive. Mills were built along the Little Androscoggin River. The Paris Manufacturing Company, which was started modestly by Henry Franklin Morton in 1861 at West Sumner, grew into an important manufacturer.
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White's 1844 directory of Suffolk describes Martlesham as "a neat village near the confluence of a rivulet with the Deben" but mentions that the parish includes "a large, sandy, and unenclosed heath, extending about 2 miles S.W., and affording pasturage for numerous herds of sheep and cattle." Up until 2013, the village held an annual festival, 'Village Day' latterly known as 'Music on the Green'. This event attracted hundreds of people each June with attractions such as live music fairground rides and Llama Jousting.
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The Tree of Knowledge is a mature Coolibah tree (Eucalyptus microtheca) on the eastern side of the Georgina River, within walking distance of the town of Camooweal. It is located within north of the new road bridge in the Camooweal Camping, Pasturage & Stock Dipping Reserve on the eastern flood plain of the Georgina River, west of Camooweal. The tree is approximately in height and its circumference a metre above the ground is . There are scars around the base of the trunk and to a height of about .
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In the Middle Ages, the woods belonged to the lordship of Chepstow and provided hunting preserves, and timber, fuel and pasturage for the tenants of nearby manors. The Royal Forest of Wentwood had its own forest laws and courts were held twice yearly at Forester's Oaks, above Wentwood Reservoir. These courts tried luckless locals charged with a range of crimes within the forest boundaries, from sheep stealing to poaching deer. These crimes were taken so seriously that culprits were hanged from one of the two Forester's Oaks.
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The Jin armies were decisively defeated and Subutai conquered Kaifeng in 1233, effectively dooming the Jin Dynasty. Additionally, Ain Jalut did not mark the limit of Mongol expansion or show an end to their conquests. In 1299, the Ilkhanid army, under Ghazan Khan, decisively defeated the Mamluks at Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar, capturing Damascus and pursuing as far as Gaza. However, a combination of poor pasturage and the ongoing war against the Chagatai Khanate forced Ghazan to recall his army to northeastern Iran.
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They had been living in the Ginninderra convict barracks with their two infant daughters, before they could afford to purchase the Deasland lease. Curran's father's blacksmith shop, which is also heritage-listed, has survived, next door to Deasland. The Currans owned Deasland for 44 years and built up its pasturage to 1,178 acres. Curran became one of Australia's premier woolgrowers, setting a range of world, Commonwealth and NSW record prices for a flock, primarily pastured at Ginninderra in the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s.
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Map of the Long Island Rail Road, circa 1876 Circa 1875, the Montauk tribe began renting out Montauk Point for pasturage through the Proprietors' Company; the company took possession of the grazing allotments, and paid the tribe an annuity. Circa 1880, the shareholders of the company disagreed over whether the lands should continue to be leased, or whether they should be re-apportioned. In 1878, Robert M. Grinnell sued Edward M. Baker et al. for partition and division of the allotments.Pharaoh, 149 N.Y.S. at 440.
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Furthermore, as the land between the flood plains and riverbanks, which was primarily basin woodlands and dry season pasturage, has been converted to commercial farming, this has caused deforestation and displacement of the original inhabitants.Ahmed Ali Gedi, Herder-Farmer Conflicts in the Dawa-Ganale River Basin Area, p. 33, 44, 48 Both the Dawa and Ganale Dorya rivers overflowed their banks and flooded Dolo Ado in June, 2005. According to reports, six people died, irrigation pumps were swept away, and hundreds of livestock were drowned.
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The wide lowlands of Hampshire County certainly invited agriculture, and fields of wheat and tobacco surrounded the important truck-patch of the settler. The rolling uplands offered pasturage for horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, which were driven across country to market at Winchester. The streams abounded in fish and the mountains contained not only game but timber and stone for early settlers' homes. The limestone was burned for lime at Bloomery Gap, where remains of old lime-kilns give evidence of an early industry.
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Christopher Christophers, believed to be an emigrant from Barbados, purchased a large tract of land on what was then called Black Point, in 1686. It was probably used for hay and pasturage for livestock. The land passed via marriage to the Manwaring family in 1723, and was used at least part of the time for cattle. The surviving farmhouse dates from the last quarter the 18th century, and had possibly been built by 1782 when a house farm and buildings were mentioned in a will.
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Their traditional settlements consist of a group of cooperating houses, generally linked by ties of kinship or marriage. They build the houses in a cluster on flat land close to the pasturage, with supporting structures nearby. This complex is called stani (στάνη), a term also used to refer to the cooperative group sharing the leased land. The head of each participating family pays a share at the end of each season to tselingas, the stani leader, in whose name the lease was originally taken.
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Robertson wrote verses to his wife in the Gentleman's Magazine, July 1736, p. 416\. Unable to collect the tithe of agistment (pasturage for dry cattle), Robertson published A Scheme for utterly abolishing the present heavy and vexatious Tax of Tithe, which went through several editions; his proposal was to commute the tithe into a land tax. This pamphlet attracted the attention of Charles Cathcart, 8th Lord Cathcart, who appointed Robertson his chaplain. In 1766 Robertson published anonymously An Attempt to explain the Words, Reason, Substance.
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Their importation marked a change in cattle ranching in Brazil, where feral cattle had grazed freely on extensive pasturage, and bred without animal husbandry. Zebu were considered "ecological" since they could graze on natural grasses and their meat was lean and without chemical residues.Wilcox, Robert W. "Zebu's Elbows: Cattle Breeding the Environment in Central Brazil, 1890-1960" in Territories, commodities, and knowledges: Latin American Environmental History in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Ed. Christian Brannstrom. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas 2004, pp. 218-246.
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244 Spert made his will 28 November 1541, naming his wife Mary (Fabian) as executrix, and died at Stepney in December. According to Baldwin, his monument at St Dunstan and All Saints, Stepney, is in error in stating that he died on 8 September 1541. He left his pasturage in Blackwall to his widow until his son Richard reached the age of majority. He also made bequests to his daughter and to his cousin Margaret Spert, who was married to 'the famous Guinea seaman, John Lok'.
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Buckley was an Anglo-Saxon location, with some of its houses later recorded in the Norman Domesday Book of the 11th century. However, the first documented evidence of its existence dates from 1294 when it was described as the pasturage of the Manor of Ewloe, spelled as "Bokkeley". The name Buckley may derive from the Old English bok lee, meaning meadow, or field. The likely meaning of the name was "clearing in a beech wood" (with boc meaning beech tree and ley meaning wood, glade or clearing).
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This is further depicted by Reinhard's observations and understandings from the field site, "the sacrifices were made either during a lengthy period of extreme drought, during (or just after) volcanic eruptions or both. Only in such periods could the ground have been unfrozen enough to allow the Incas to build the sites and bury the offerings as they did. And this factor could explain their importance. Droughts and volcanic ash would kill off pasturage and pollute and deplete the water sources so critical to the villagers below".
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A total of 17.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 40.1% is used for growing crops and 32.7% is pasturage, while 1.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. On 1 January 2004 the former municipalities of Englisberg and Zimmerwald merged into the municipality of Wald (BE).Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz accessed 13 December 2014 On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Seftigen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved.
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The Howard family had 17 acres of land with the property. It was the Howards who rebuilt the front of the house in the 18th century and installed "fashionable" panelled doors in all rooms. Rooks Nest House still had at 17 acres of land by 1871, but the 1882 marriage settlement described the land as including "house and homestead, home close and malthouse close", with pasturage of 4 acres, 3 roods and 4 perches. When the Fosters were living there it remained relatively unmodernised.
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An etching that appeared in the December 6, 1879 edition of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper depicts the aftermath of the "Meeker Massacre." Meeker grave at lower left; W.H. Post grave at lower right Meeker wanted to convert the Ute from what he considered their state of primitive savagery to become subsistence farmers who adopted his techniques. He was warned that the Ute resented his reforms and attempts at conversion. Ignoring these reports, Meeker ordered that a horse racing track be plowed under to convert the track and horses' pasturage to farmland.
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No better man could have been found to manage the temporal and spiritual affairs of the Prince- Bishopric of Münster which had suffered severely during the Seven Years' War. Everybody was deep in debt and all trade and commerce was at a standstill. To restore prosperity to the people he improved agricultural conditions by dividing the land into marks, draining marshes and reclaiming much soil which hitherto had lain idle or in pasturage. He ameliorated the condition of the serfs and gave an impulse to the entire abolition of serfdom.
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185 A wave of Bantu-speaking migrants from southeastern Africa arrived around 1000 AD. South Indian Tamil merchants arrived around 11th century. They introduced the zebu, a type of long-horned humped cattle, which they kept in large herds. Irrigated paddy fields were developed in the central highland Betsileo Kingdom and were extended with terraced paddies throughout the neighboring Kingdom of Imerina a century later. The rising intensity of land cultivation and the ever-increasing demand for zebu pasturage had largely transformed the central highlands from a forest ecosystem to grassland by the 17th century.
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There are several places of natural beauty that the public uses for leisure and recreation, but generally they are in private areas. A considerable amount of research is conducted in the APA, particularly by the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden and Fluminense Federal University. The APA is suitable for tourism in contact with nature, bathing in the rivers and waterfalls, birdwatching and extreme outdoor sports such as kayaking, rafting, trekking, mountain biking, rappelling and tree climbing. Threats include real estate speculation, sewage, hunting, deforestation to expand pasturage, growth of banana cultivation and lack of communication.
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The Tree of Knowledge on the Camooweal Camping, Pasturage & Stock Dipping Reserve is a mature Coolibah tree, on the eastern side of the Georgina River and about west of the town. It is said that for many years drovers and teamsters camped nearby and met and yarned beneath the shade of the tree. Following William Landsborough's exploration of the Camooweal area during his search for Burke and Wills in 1861-62 pastoralists moved into the district. The first was John Sutherland who took up the Rocklands lease in 1865.
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The agreement also protected the pasturage and watering rights of nomadic tribes inside the exchanged territories. Video of developments regarding Jordan during 1980 Jordan signed a mutual defense pact in May 1967 with Egypt, and it participated, along with Syria, Egypt, and Iraq in the Six-Day War of June 1967 against Israel. During the war, Israel took control of East Jerusalem and West Bank, leading to another major influx of Palestinian refugees into Jordan. Its Palestinian refugee population—700,000 in 1966—grew by another 300,000 from the West Bank.
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The explorer Thomas Mitchell, during his expedition to find a route to the Gulf of Carpentaria, surveyed the area of the Culgoa and Balonne Rivers in 1846, relying on a Wiradjuri guide and interpreter Yuranigh. At the same time, In 1845 his son Roderick Mitchell, who was Commissioner of Crown Lands, on hearing stockmen's reports of rich pasturage in the area, began mapping it. By 1850 regulations allowed settlers to take up of land on 14 year leases. Conflicts arose over land use, and several massacres and killings took place in the following years.
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The transhumant sheep grazed the southern Spanish plains in winter and the northern highlands in summer. The annual migrations to and from Castile and León, where the sheep were owned and where they had summer pasturage, was organised and controlled by the Mesta along designated sheep-walks, or cañadas reales and arranged for suitable grazing, water and rest stops in these routes, and for shearing when the flocks started their return north. The three Merino strains that founded the world's Merino flocks are the Royal Escurial flocks, the Negretti and the Paula.
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The Barton–Lackey Cabin, also known as the Barton Cattle Camp and the Lackey Cattle Camp, was built in 1910 in the Roaring River Canyon of what became Kings Canyon National Park in California. The cabin was a shelter for stockmen using the summer range in the upper Kings River Canyon summer range, at an elevation of 7400 feet. The cabin was once surrounded by a significant number of outbuildings, which have all disappeared. James DeCamp Barton and his father, Hudson DeCamp Barton first used summer pasturage in the upper Roaring River area about 1907.
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The Common, whose original purpose was to provide shared pasturage for area residents, was by the end of this period converted to a park. From the 1870s to the 1890s the housing stock was predominantly multi-family in scale, and exhibited the architectural fashions of the time: Italianate, Second Empire, and Victorian. Thereafter development was limited due to a lack of available land, and only a few brick apartment houses were built between 1890 and 1915. Since that time there have been only modest changes to the neighborhood.
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Payment for access to certain rights could provide a useful source of income. Local nobles could be granted a royal licence to take a certain amount of game. The common inhabitants of the forest might, depending on their location, possess a variety of rights: estover, the right of taking firewood, pannage, the right to pasture swine in the forest, turbary, the right to cut turf (as fuel), and various other rights of pasturage (agistment) and harvesting the products of the forest. Land might be disafforested entirely, or permission given for assart and purpresture.
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It is one of the oldest inhabited sites in Australia. The first Europeans to pass through the area were Charles Grimes surveying party who followed the Maribyrnong River upstream in the Summer of 1803. Grimes report of the area was unfavourable. In June 1835, John Batman followed a similar route and remarked of Keilor that it was the "Most beautiful sheep pasturage I ever saw in my life". Overnewton, Keilor in 1887 William Taylor (1818-1903) In about 1838-39 the first European settlements were established by pastoralists James Watson and Alexander and John Hunter.
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The two Aboriginal assistants were quite helpless for the last 300 miles (480 km) of the journey, and one of them never recovered from its effects, dying a few months later. The expedition ranks among the most valuable pieces of Australian exploration as large tracts of good pasturage were discovered. Forrest published his Journal of Expedition from De Grey to Port Darwin in Perth in 1880. In 1891, through a syndicate comprising Charles Crossland and George Leake, Alexander Forrest commenced the subdivision of what would later become the affluent Perth suburb of Peppermint Grove.
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Landes is one of the original 83 departments that were created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the provinces of Guyenne and Gascony. During the first part of the nineteenth century large parts of the department were covered with poorly drained heathland (lande in French) which is the origin of its name. The vegetation covered rich soil and was periodically burned off, leaving excellent pasturage for sheep, which around 1850 are thought to have numbered between 900,000 and 1,000,000 in this area.
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Because of the high altitude, farming has concentrated for the most part on livestock and dairy, and use of summer shielings has been important for the farms, which could not find sufficient pasturage in the valley bottom. Most therefore had milking stations on the shielings. In the 1647 cadastre there was only one farm in Hemsedal large enough to pay full taxes; there were 24 liable for half taxation and 15-16 assessed as disused. In addition, there were a number of enterprises that were not assessed tax.
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Talbot had made rapid strides in its development. In 1864 it had a Court House, borough offices, seven schools, a street of good shops, two breweries, churches, two soap and candle factories, sixteen hotels, coach services and general carriers, and a number of crushers. It also had a population of about 3,400 (the accuracy of this figure could vary because of the transient nature of the miners). There were also cultivation blocks and dairy farms and a common pasturage which operated with the aid of a pound keeper.
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Vermuyden was to receive one third of the drained land, most of which had previously been commons, as recompense for his investment. To finance the drainage project, he sold shares in this land to other investors, including some fellow Dutchmen. Some French and Walloon Protestant refugees also settled in the area as landowners or tenants. The King intended to enclose one third of the common fen in his right of "improvement" as the Lord of the Manor, leaving one-third for those local residents who had common rights of pasturage in the fens.
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The mountains of Bhutan define its three main geographic zones: the Great Himalaya, the Lower Himalayan Range (or Inner Himalaya), and the Sub-Himalayan Range. The snowcapped Great Himalaya in the north ranges from about to peaks of over above sea level, extending along the Bhutan-China border. The northern region consists of an arc of glaciated mountain peaks with an arctic climate at the highest elevations. Watered by snow-fed rivers, alpine valleys in this region provide pasturage for livestock tended by a sparse population of migratory shepherds.
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The Court of the Imperial Stud (also known as Court of the Imperial Stables) was a central government agency in several imperial Chinese and Vietnamese dynasties. It was generally in charge of managing state horse pasturage, stables and corrals, as well as maintaining the vehicles for use by the imperial household and members of the central government. In China the office was created during the Northern Qi dynasty (550–577) and continued until the Qing dynasty (1636–1912). In Vietnam it was created by Lê Thánh Tông in 1466, and continued until the Nguyễn dynasty.
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Pascua Echegaray, pp. 227-9 In the 10th and 11th centuries, several large Benedictine monasteries founded in the Duero valley began medium-range transhumance and gained royal privileges of pasturage on the slopes of the Sierra de Guadarrama. The Castilian expansion of the 12th century was based substantially on the civic militias of Old Castile, but in the 13th century the forces of the military orders based in the south of New Castile were more important. The orders, particularly those of Santiago and Calatrava were granted extensive rights to land in this territory.
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During the so-called 'Provision War' at the outbreak of hostilities, as British officers struggled to find sympathetic citizens who would supply their army with food and drink, the Tory Elisha Leavitt stepped forward to offer British troops hay, vegetables and cattle. His actions infuriated locals passionate about the Continental cause. Leavitt's ownership of Grape Island then brought him unwelcome prominence.A Forgotten Battle, The Patriot Ledger, May 17, 2008 Realizing that British officers needed pasturage for their horses during the Siege of Boston in 1775, Leavitt offered them the use of Grape Island.
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Niger has an ongoing conflict with Benin over Lété Island, an island in the River Niger approx. 16 kilometres long and 4 kilometres wide, located around 40 kilometers from the town of Gao, Niger. Together with other smaller islands in the River Niger, it was the main object of a territorial dispute between Niger and Benin, which had begun when the two entities were still under French rule. The island, and seasonally flooded land around it is valuable to semi-nomadic Puel cattle herders as a dry season pasturage.
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The original endowment included lands in Ashby de la Launde, with the parish church and pasturage for sheep; lands and church at Rowston, Heckington, Burton, and were granted by benefactors of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In 1338 the revenue of the house was £177 7s. 7d., including the churches of Ashby and Rowston, the free chapel of Bruere, with lands at Bruere, Rowston, Wellingore, Ashby de la Launde, Brauncewell, and North Kirkby; the expenses were £84 0s. 2d. The clear value of the house at the dissolution was £16 19s. 10¾d.
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Another notable part of the Great Mahele was the Kuleana Act of 1850. Under this provision, commoners were allowed to petition for title to land that they cultivated and lived on (wikt:kuleana), similar to the homesteading laws used to manage land tenure in US territories in the nineteenth century. It also abolished the right of cultivation and pasturage on the larger, common lands of the ahupuaʻa, title of which went to the chief, the crown or the government. Ownership of land was a previously unknown concept for ordinary Hawaiians.
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The Acadians prospered as farmers by enclosing the estuarine salt marshes with dykes, and successfully converting the reclaimed lands into fertile fields for crops and pasturage. In 1710, however, Acadia was lost by the French crown after the English laid siege to Port Royal/Annapolis Royal. Under the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, signed at the close of the War of the Spanish Succession, Acadia was ceded for the final time to the British. For the next thirty-six years, until the establishment of Halifax in 1749, the British remained at Annapolis Royal and Canso.
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The earliest center in Rome for cultivating Mars as a deity was the Altar of Mars (Ara Martis) in the Campus Martius ("Field of Mars") outside the sacred boundary of Rome (pomerium). The Romans thought that this altar had been established by the semi-legendary Numa Pompilius, the peace-loving successor of Romulus.Lawrence Richardson, A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 245. According to Roman tradition, the Campus Martius had been consecrated to Mars by their ancestors to serve as horse pasturage and an equestrian training ground for youths.
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Adar is predominantly inhabited by the Mabaan people, who mainly cultivate crops and raise cattle. Many of the Mabaanese use riverine pastures along the east bank of the White Nile, but in dry seasons can usually find alternative pasturage along the Khor Adal and Khor Wol and on the edges of the marshes. The country is well suited to cultivation of crops watered by rain. Soon after Chevron had closed operations, government troops began attacking civilian settlements in the area, burning the houses and driving the people away.
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The boardwalk trail through the tamarack zone to the bog Pitcher plants visible from the boardwalk, taken July 2015 During the 19th century Volo Bog was known to neighbors but not to outsiders. While the damp meadows surrounding the bog provided pasturage for a dairy farm, the bog itself was not economically used. The first field study mentioning Volo Bog was published by W.G. Waterman of Northwestern University in 1921. As the 20th century moved forward, population growth in the Chicago area placed Volo Bog under threat from residential development.
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The Snowdonian mountains terminate in the west with the abrupt precipices of Yr Eifl. It covers an extensive tract of land, of which a large portion is marshy, some part hilly, and the remainder in a fair state of cultivation. In 1790, an act of parliament was obtained for more effectually embanking the marshes called Malltraeth and Corsddeuga, under the provisions of which were allotted to the several proprietors of land in this parish. The soil is in general fertile, and the lower grounds afford excellent pasturage for cattle.
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An early historian described the geography: "Away from the timber to the north, the face of the country is generally quite level, broken only by long undulations. It is almost entirely prairie land in this part, and was allowed to remain uncultivated until after the opening of the railroads. It was largely used for pasturage during this period, and often presented signs of great animation as the herds of cattle, under the care of their drovers, moved about over its grassy, slightly undulating surface." Groves could be found scattered throughout the area.
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Simpson, p. 173. If the woman has a child and the tilberi manages to reach her own milk-filled breast, she is at risk of being sucked to death. The traditional method of ridding oneself of a tilberi is to send it up the mountain to the common pasturage with orders to collect all the lambs' droppings; either all those in three pastures, or making three piles. The tilberi will then either work itself to death or die because as an evil creature it cannot tolerate the number three.
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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. For the potential to reveal physical evidence on Aboriginal utilisation of the resources of the region. For the potential to reveal physical evidence on the agricultural aspects of early European settlement in the region. For the potential to reveal physical evidence of former buildings and other structures, living conditions and building utilisation, patterns of land use, planting and pasturage, drainage and water supply systems and other aspects of long term institutional use.
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Toposa mother and child Young man There has been a long history of conflict between the Toposa of Namorunyang and the Didinga of Budi County. In the dry season the Toposa would drive their cattle to the Didinga Hills for water and pasture until the rains began in Toposa land. In the past, this practice was carried out by agreement between the two communities, with a gift being made in exchange for the right to access the pasturage. With the proliferation of guns and breakdown of order during the civil war, the traditional protocols were ignored and violence became common.
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Broadmeadow was originally part of the Newcastle Pasturage Reserve of 648 hectares. It developed around the Great Northern Railway, the road to Newcastle's western suburbs and the construction of the Sydney to Newcastle Railway in the 1880s. Nineways is a major intersection at Broadmeadow, originally constructed as a landscaped garden in the centre of a roundabout at the intersection of nine roads/tramlines that converge there, the area was later reconstructed to have a set of traffic lights connected to only four roads. The other roads that accessed the roundabout were variously partly or fully closed off.
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Oral history collected from various drovers who used the reserve regularly, records that a particular Coolibah tree on the pasturage reserve, far enough from the river that it was safe from flash flooding and sheltered from the southerly prevailing winds, became a popular meeting place for drovers and teamsters, where they would sit in the shade and share tea and gossip - hence the name "Tree of Knowledge". The tree was located on the eastern side of the Georgina River, north of the bridge and within walking distance of town and offered attractive shade to those on the trade route from Burketown to Camooweal.
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Tree of Knowledge was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 8 September 2005 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. The Tree of Knowledge on the Camooweal Camping, Pasturage & Stock Dipping reserve is important in demonstrating part of the pattern of Queensland's history. Before the advent of trucking, the reserve was used by drovers, teamsters and others visiting Camooweal as a place to camp, rest, collect mail and supplies and seek medical assistance at nearby Camooweal, before beginning the next stage of the journey.
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The Nakodok, Narus and Loyoro rivers originate in the east of Didinga Hills, flowing eastward into Greater Kapoeta and discharging into the swampy area northeast of Narua. The rivers flood during the rainy season, but ceases to flow at other times. In the dry season the Toposa from Greater Kapoeta would drive their cattle to the Didinga Hills for water and pasture until the rains began in Toposa land. In the past, this practice was carried out by agreement between the two communities, with a gift being made in exchange for the right to access the pasturage.
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In the middle of the 13th century the Berestia Land was invaded by the Mongols. Little if any historical information exists about the depredation of Berestia by these invaders, but sources report that Brest was not rebuilt until 1275. The Mongols, somewhat weakened by fighting with the Slavonic Duchies and finding little of the wide pasturage needed for the maintenance of the vast horse herds that were an integral part of their military formations, did not move further into Europe. Brest was besieged by enemies many times; more than once the town was put to the torch, but each time it was reconstructed.
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The party, known as the "Four B.'s", travelled from Nairobi via Mount Elgon northwards to the western shores of Lake Rudolf, experiencing plenty of privations from want of water, and of the danger from encounters with the Maasai.Fergusson, W.N. (1911). Adventure, Sport and Travel on the Tibetan Steppes, p. preface. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York With the arrival in 1903 of hundreds of prospective settlers, chiefly from South Africa, questions were raised concerning the preservation for the Maasai of their rights of pasturage, and the decision was made to entertain no more applications for large areas of land.
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In the past, this practice was carried out by agreement between the two communities, with a gift being made in exchange for the right to access the pasturage. With the proliferation of guns and breakdown of order during the civil war, the traditional protocols were ignored and violence became common. In May 2007 Toposa tribesmen of Namorunyang raided the Ngauro Payam of Budi County, attacked a group that were resting after working in a collectively-owned field, and took 300 head of cattle and 400 goats or sheep. 49 women, 4 children and 5 men were killed, while others were wounded.
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This gain was achieved because of the considerable gains in agricultural labor productivity. The value of agricultural and forestry output is heavily concentrated in field crops, meat, and dairy products, with most of it coming from animal husbandry. Because large parts of Austria are mountainous, only the lowland areas of eastern Austria and some smaller flat portions of western and northern Austria are suitable for crop production and more intensive forms of animal husbandry. The remainder of the land is used for forestry and less intensive animal husbandry, most of which takes advantage of mountain pasturage.
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Gigha and Cara parish church Visiting in the late 17th century Martin Martin wrote: > This isle is for the most part arable, but rocky in other parts; the mould > is brown and clayey, inclining to red; it is good for pasturage and > cultivation. The corn growing here is oats and barley. The cattle bred here > are cows, horses, and sheep. There is a church in this island called > Kilchattan, it has an altar in the east end, and upon it a font of stone > which is very large, and hath a small hole in the middle which goes quite > through it.
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Yet not withstanding this disadvantage, it is certainly the best spot of its extent for pasturage amongst these isles, and affords plenty of milk in January and February beyond what can be seen in other islands."Martin (1703) p. 42 Martin Martin also mentions that there is: :"the foundation of a house built by the English in the reign of King Charles the First's time, for one of their magazines to lay up the cask, salt etc, for carrying on the fishery, which was then begun in the Western Islands; but this design miscarried because of the civil wars which then broke out.
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Cornelian cherries, figs, pears, peaches and apples sold at a market in Yerevan are among a few of Armenian agricultural products Fertile volcanic soils allow cultivation of wheat and barley, as well as pasturage for sheep, goats, and horses. A photograph of cotton pickers in Armenia in the 1930s: no cotton is grown in Armenia today. Armenia has 2.1 million hectares of agricultural land, 72% of the country's land area. Most of this, however, is mountain pastures, and cultivable land is 480,000 hectares (452,900 hectares arable land, 27,300 hectares in orchards and vineyards), or 16% of the country's area.
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Gyula László suggests that late Avars, arriving to the khaganate in 670 in great numbers, lived through the time between the destruction and plunder of the Avar state by the Franks during 791–795 and the arrival of the Magyars in 895. László points out that the settlements of the Hungarians (Magyars) complemented, rather than replaced, those of the Avars. Avars remained on the plough fields, good for agriculture, while Hungarians took the river banks and river flats, suitable for pasturage. He also notes that while the Hungarian graveyards consist of 40–50 graves on average, those of the Avars contain 600–1000.
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Pharusii tribe In the 3rd and 4th centuries, this southward migration from the southern Atlas region was intensified by the arrival of Berber groups from the north who were searching for pasturage or fleeing political anarchy and war. The wide-ranging activities of these turbulent Berber warriors were made possible by the introduction of the camel to the Sahara in this period. This first wave of Berber invaders subjugated and made vassals of those Bafour who did not flee south. Other Berber groups followed in the 7th and 8th centuries, themselves fleeing in large numbers before the Arab conquerors of the Maghreb.
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All of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 9.3% is used for growing crops and 9.1% is pasturage, while 5.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes. It is located on the northern shore of Lake Biel and is made up of the villages of Twann, Wingreis, Tüscherz and Alfermée along with part of the village of Kleintwann, the settlements of Gaicht () and Twannberg () on a terrace in the Jura mountains and St. Peters Island (Sankt Petersinsel) in the lake.
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Convertible husbandry, also known as alternate husbandry or up-and-down husbandry, is a method of farming whereby strips of arable farmland were temporarily converted into grass pasture, known as leys. These remained under grass for up to 10 years before being ploughed under again, while some eventually became permanent pasturage. It was a process used during the 16th century through the 19th century by "which a higher proportion of land was used to support increasing numbers of livestock in many parts of England."Broad, John, "Alternate Husbandry and Permanent Pasture in the Midlands, 1650 – 1800", The Agricultural History Review, Vol.
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The local people were upset by the project, particularly those of the Manor of Epworth, whose lord had already enclosed part of the commons in the 14th century. He had later signed a legal document giving up all subsequent rights of enclosure within the manor. As with other fen drainage schemes at the time, the locals did not oppose drainage per se, but were outraged about the large enclosures of their common pasture and turbary fens. This threatened their commons rights and livelihoods, as they depended on the fens for pasturage and for peat for burning as fuel.
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However, reports stated that the island could be useful in supplying Malta, especially with the threat of Sicily falling to the French. In 1810, Gatt leased the island to Alexander Fernandez of the Army Commissariat in the Mediterranean, who established a farm with cattle and sheep, and employed 28 workers to turn the island's surface into pasturage. A small detachment of 26 men of the 14th Regiment were sent to the island in 1811 to support Fernandez, who was planning to built a fort on the island. By 1813, the island had a population of almost 200 Maltese workers.
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From the publication of the Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States until the end of his term at the US Geological Survey, Powell's ideas had not gathered enough support to be codified into law. Powell received intense criticism for a multitude of reasons. Many individuals took issue with the report's recommendation that grazing allotments from the public domain be 2,560 acres. Powell saw this size as necessary for cattle to have enough pasturage to survive the arid conditions, others saw it as supporting wealthier ranchers and powerful investors instead of the average American.
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The economy is driven by mineral extraction, which was expected to account for 73.85% of total tax revenue in 2007 while employing 419 people. Extensive mining in the mountainous regions between Gyama and Zibuk have turned areas of what was green pasturage into a grey wasteland. The authorities are reported to have suppressed protests by the local people. The Gyama mine, located at at an elevation of 4,034 meters in the Gyama Valley, is operated by a subsidiary, Tibet Huatailong Mining Development, of a subsidiary, Vancouver based China Gold International Resources Corporation, of China National Gold Group Corporation.
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A rival sub-branch of Al Fadl, the Al ʿAli, controlled the Ghouta region of Damascus and the northern Arabian regions of Tayma and al-Jawf, while Al Mira controlled the area of Jawlan southward to the al-Harrah hot springs in Hejaz. Other branches of the Banu Tayy controlled regions within the Banu Rabi'ah's territory. Among them were the Shammar and Banu Lam in the north Arabian mountains of Jabal Ajaʾ and Jabal Salma. The wealth and power of the Al Fadl allowed them to reside near inhabited areas, rather than depend on pasturage in the desert.
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The Memorial states that James Milson was residing on and farming a 100-acre grant that he had previously received from Governor Macquarie ("your Excellency was pleased to extend") at Pennant Hills. Of this 100 acres he had 20 acres under cultivation and an additional 10 acres ready for cultivation. He also had 40 head of Horned Cattle "and very little pasturage lands to graze them upon" and this was the basis of his request for a further land grant. As a result of this Memorial James Milson was granted a second 100 acres at Pennant Hills.
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Bourde learned from ancient accounts of the country and showed that fruit trees, particularly olives, could be grown in the semi-arid region south of Kairouan. He argued that central Tunisia had been a desert before the Roman invasion, and the Romans had introduced olive tree cultivation. In the 11th century the Arabs destroyed the trees in an attempt to convert the area to pasturage for a nomadic population, causing great damage. He found that, contrary to the opinions of archaeologists, milled stones found in many ruins were not steles commemorating local deities but were olive presses.
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Rajputana had relatively little industrial production. The principal manufactures were cotton and woolen goods, metalwork, ivory carving, and other handicrafts which were chiefly carried on in the eastern states. The system of agriculture was very simple; in the drier country west of the Aravalli Range only one crop was raised in the year, while in other parts south and east of the Aravallis two crops were raised annually, and various kinds of cereals, pulses and fibres are grown. In the desert tracts fine breeds of camels, cattle, horses and sheep were to be found wherever there is pasturage.
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By the 17th century the entire mountain range was a densely populated region with meadow enclaves and cottages (called Bauden), which were used during the cattle pasturage in the summer and sometimes even through the winter. Around the same time Albrecht von Wallenstein acquired parts of the mountains, and the town of Vrchlabí (Hohenelbe) served as a base for armament of his army. During that time non-Catholics found refuge in remote places in the mountains. Later entire village communities of non-Catholics from Austrian countries found asylum on the northern side, where they settled in Marysin, Michalovice, Jagnietkow or Karpacz (Krummhübel).
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The centuries of Moorish rule had established Castile's high central plateau as a vast sheep pasturage; the fact that the greater part of Spanish sheep-rearing terminology was derived from Arabic underscores the debt.H.C. Darby, "The face of Europe on the eve of the great discoveries", in The New Cambridge Modern History vol. I, 1957:23. The 8th and 9th centuries was preceded by a period of Umayyad conquests, as Arabs took control of previously Hellenized areas such as Egypt and Syria in the 7th century.Rosenthal 2 It was at this point they first encountered Greek ideas, though from the beginning, many Arabs were hostile to classical learning.
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Contacts between Nubians and Arabs long predated the coming of Islam, but the Arabization of the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred over a period of nearly one thousand years. Arab nomads continually wandered into the region in search of fresh pasturage, and Arab seafarers and merchants traded at Red Sea ports for spices and slaves. Intermarriage and assimilation also facilitated Arabization. After the initial attempts at military conquest failed, the Arab commander in Egypt, Abd Allah ibn Saad, concluded the first in a series of regularly renewed treaties with the Nubians that governed relations between the two peoples for more than six hundred years with only brief interruptions.
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Khalid's strategy of withdrawing from the occupied areas and concentrating all of his troops for a decisive battle forced the Byzantines to concentrate their five armies in response. The Byzantines had for centuries avoided engaging in large-scale decisive battles, and the concentration of their forces created logistical strains for which the empire was ill-prepared. Damascus was the closest logistical base, but Mansur, leader of Damascus, could not fully supply the massive Byzantine army that was gathered at the Yarmouk plain. Several clashes were reported with local citizens over supply requisition, as summer was at an end and there was a decline of pasturage.
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In this area, a part of the flow of its affluents is diverted for providing water for domestic consumption in Antofagasta and Tocopilla, among other localities. After being joined by the two streams before mentioned, the Salado River enters in a floodplain area, which is used for pasturage by the inhabitants of the nearby localities, including Toconce, Caspana and Aiquina. Then, the Salado again flows through a narrow canyon, where is found the so- called Devil's Bridge, a cut through rhyolite terrain of 5 m wide. Finally, the Salado empties into the Loa River, the main watercourse of the Chilean Norte Grande, about 3 km south of Chiuchiu.
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In most oriental rugs, the pile is of sheep's wool. Its characteristics and quality vary from each area to the next, depending on the breed of sheep, climatic conditions, pasturage, and the particular customs relating to when and how the wool is shorn and processed. In the Middle East, rug wools come mainly from the fat-tailed and fat-rumped sheep races, which are distinguished, as their names suggest, by the accumulation of fat in the respective parts of their bodies. Different areas of a sheep's fleece yield different qualities of wool, depending on the ratio between the thicker and stiffer sheep hair and the finer fibers of the wool.
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Although the surface of the town is "rough and uneven, and in some parts rocky and mountainous," farmers found it suitable for pasturage, as well as for cultivating wheat and potatoes. Principal goods were produce, lumber and cattle. In 1859, when the population was 2,123, Ossipee contained twelve sawmills, five gristmills, twelve clapboard and shingle mills, one bedstead factory, one door factory, a sash and blind factory, one paper mill and four tanneries.Austin J. Coolidge & John B. Mansfield, A History and Description of New England; Boston, Massachusetts 1859 The Portsmouth, Great Falls & Conway Railroad in 1871 reached Ossipee Corner, with service extended in 1875 to Center Ossipee.
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He was awarded gold medals at a Paris Salon in 1907 and 1908. As of 2014, Hughes- Stanton's works are (or have previously been) held by collections including the Tate; the Welsh National Gallery; National Musée, Buenos Aires; Musée Royal, Florence; Musée Modern, Rome; Barcelona Museum; Royal Gallery, Tokyo; Sydney National Gallery; Adelaide National Gallery; Melbourne Museum; Auckland Museum; and the Wellington Gallery; and in the permanent galleries of Manchester, Liverpool, Bradford, Brighton, Aberdeen and Oldham. A Pasturage among the Dunes, exhibited in New Gallery, was purchased for the Chantry Bequest in 1908. He married in 1898 and had three daughters and one son.
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Stockholm presented as a capital worthy a powerful nation. Engraving from Eric Dahlberg's Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna around 1690. The Swedish pretensions and the quick growth at this time can be illustrated by two quotes separated in time by half a century; one from a temporary visitor, and the other from a prominent Swedish propagandist: > ...because the buildings all have flattened roofs, covered with birch-bark > and verdant turfs in the same manner as the peasant's cottages in Russia. > The roofs serve as pasturage, and on some goats are kept grazing, whom > occasionally jumps over the street from one building to another and then > back again.
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A goat among sheep grazing in spring at Ara Ler Agriculture is carried out mainly in the valleys and mountainsides of Armenia's uneven terrain, with the highest mountain pastures used for livestock grazing. Fertile volcanic soil allows cultivation of wheat and barley as well as pasturage for sheep, goats, and horses. With the help of irrigation, figs, pomegranates, apricots,Armenia: Apricot exports at record levels in 2013 and olives also are grown in the limited subtropical Aras River valley and in the valleys north of Yerevan, where the richest farmland is found. Armenia also produces peaches, walnuts, and quince, and its brandy enjoys a worldwide reputation.
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Because Bankilaré is a dry season transhumance center for Tuareg groups which range as far north as Algeria, in 1999 the town was chosen to pilot what became a very successful radio project in which locals would broadcast pasturage conditions to desert populations across the region. Because of this it has since become the site of several Nigerien government and foreign radio and internet based community communication programs.Africa research bulletin, Volume 38, Page 14285 (Blackwell, 2001)Mohammed Boulahya, Macol Stewart Cerda, Marion Pratt, Kelly Sponberg. Climate, Communications, and Innovative Technologies: Potential Impacts and Sustainability of New Radio and Internet Linkages in Rural African CommunitiesRose Tchwenko.
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Thomas Mitchell, exploring the territory over which the Wergaia dwelt, wrote in 1836: > Every day we passed over land which for natural fertility and beauty could > scarcely be surpassed; over streams of unfailing abundance and plains > covered with the richest pasturage. Stately trees and majestic mountains > adorned the ever-varying scenery of this region, the most southern of all > Australia and the best. It was he added, a "blank sheet" for future development. For the natives, it was rich in kumpung, the bulrush whose rhizomes formed the staple of their diet, as well as in lahoor, the yellow water lily, the dandelion yam and trefoil.
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The Calendar of PhilocalusCIL I2, p. 274. notes that on October 15 "the Horse takes place at the Nixae," either an altar to birth deities (di nixi) or less likely an obscure landmark called the Ciconiae Nixae. According to Roman tradition,Reported by the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 5.13.2: "This field their ancestors had by a public decree consecrated to Mars as a meadow for horses and the most suitable drill-field for the youth to perform their exercises in arms." the Campus Martius had been consecrated to Mars by their ancestors as horse pasturage and an equestrian training ground for youths.
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In 1843, Catholic missionaries chose Dunwich as the site for the first Catholic mission to Australian Aborigines. The sand islands of Quandamooka did not support pasturage suitable for sheep and cattle, and thus there did not occur conversion of large tracts of land into farms and pastoral properties and the subsequent widespread annihilation and displacement of Aboriginal people. The very existence of the quarantine station on Stradbroke Island from 1850 to the 1870s led to the official discouragement of pastoralism or wider settlement for fear of spreading disease. Another reason for discouraging settlement was to reduce the likelihood of incoming vessels to the bay evading customs duty.
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To the west of Numidia was the Berber Kingdom of Mauretania (in modern Algeria), under the reign of Bocchus I. Jugurtha married his daughter. Farther west, Tingis (modern Tangier) was the capital of another Berber realm comprising western Mauretania, under its king, Bogud, brother of Bocchus I. To the south of Numidia and Mauritania and Africa Province lay the lands of the Berber Gaetulians, who were not politically united. On these lands Berber pastoralist managed their flocks, and in lean years would naturally seek better pasturage. A major advantage sought by Rome in its Numidian alliance was leverage in dealing with these other Berbers, in order to maintain the peace.
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The Rules and Regulations for the Disposal of Public Lands in His Majesty's Province of South Australia, authored by the South Australian Commission in the UK in 1835, stipulated that surveys were to be undertaken and maps to be made available prior to sale of the land. Land could be bought at a uniform price per acre, but it would go to auction in the case of more than one potential buyer. Leases of up to three years could be granted "for pasturage" on unsold lands. All proceeds were to go to the Emigration Fund, set up to help poorer people to migrate to the colony.
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He and John Howard Angas formed a partnership A. B. Goyder and Co. which invested in land including the Reedy Creek survey and developed the Tungkillo area of Mount Crawford. On 1 November 1859 they dissolved the partnership and sold off their entire stock and properties (freehold, leasehold, special survey and rights of pasturage) at Tungkillo as well as Pernong (Purnong) and other squatting properties on the River Murray. This may be seen as a consolidation on Murray's part, as he soon purchased a number of newly released blocks in the Tungkillo region. He was a member of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society and its president from 1866 to 1867.
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Andy Chambers Ranch, July 2014 The ranch is the only remaining nearly complete farmstead in Mormon Row, itself a historic district the southeast corner of Grand Teton National Park, in the valley called Jackson Hole. The locale was settled by Mormon migrants between 1900 and 1920, creating an enclave near the Gros Ventre River. The farmstead dates to the 1920s and includes a house, barn, garage and a variety of outbuildings. The Mormon Row was a line village, similar to Grouse Creek, Utah, with a relatively dense development stretched along the line of the connecting road, allowing for extensive pasturage along either side behind the houses and buildings.
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Map of 1965 land swap between Jordan and Saudi Arabia In 1965 Jordan and Saudi Arabia concluded an agreement that realigned and delimited the boundary. Jordan gained 19 kilometers of land on the Gulf of Aqaba and 6,000 square kilometers of territory in the interior, and 7,000 square kilometers of Jordanian-administered, landlocked territory was ceded to Saudi Arabia. The new boundary enabled Jordan to expand its port facilities and established a zone in which the two parties agreed to share petroleum revenues equally if oil were discovered. The agreement also protected the pasturage and watering rights of nomadic tribes inside the exchanged territories.
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The Brava is bred principally for the bull-ring. Approximately 10% of the animals raised are found suitable for this purpose; the remainder are butchered for meat. The meat of the Brava, along with that of the Raço di Biòu and crosses between the two, can under strict conditions of pasturage and of zone and methods of production be marketed with the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée certification of origin as "Taureau de Camargue"; animals that have appeared in the bull- ring are excluded. The meat may be subject to dark cutting, a discolouration caused by stress in the animal before death which then disrupts the normal post-mortem transformation of muscle tissue to meat.
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During the 1720s, the Qasami had emigrated from the Persian coast and established themselves as a force in Sharjah and Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah, now part of UAE). In the period 1747–59, a branch of the Qasemi from Sharjah established itself on the Persian littoral, but it was expelled in 1767. By 1780, the Qasemi branch was re-established on the Persian coast and began to feud with other coastal tribes over pasturage in the islands off Langeh. The Iranian argument for the ownership of the disputed islands is that the Qasami controlled the islands while they were located on the Persian coast, not when they later emigrated to the UAE coast.
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Low-cost water management in Tamchy, Issyk Kul Region The most important problems in land use are soil erosion and salinization in improperly irrigated farmland. An estimated 60% of Kyrgyzstan's land is affected by topsoil loss, and 6% by salinization, both problems with more serious long-term than short-term effects. In 1994 the size of livestock herds averaged twice the carrying capacity of pasturage land, continuing the serious overgrazing problem and consequent soil erosion that began when the herds were at their peak in the late 1980s. Uncertain land tenure and overall financial insecurity have caused many private farmers to concentrate their capital in the traditional form—livestock—thus subjecting new land to the overgrazing problem.
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For many years the Toposa people of Kapoeta have exchanged cross-border cattle raids with the Turkana people of Kenya, and have been involved in conflict over pasturage and access to water points. The two governments began intensive bottom-up conflict resolution approaches in May 2010. By July 2011 the Kapoeta East county commissioner Titus Lokwacuma reported that the situation was much calmer than it had been in the past. The border crossing at Nadapal on the road from Narus to Lokichogio in Kenya has a vital role in supply of goods and services to Southern Sudan, forming part of the "Northern Corridor" linking the port of Mombasa through Kenya to Southern Sudan.
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This included Biggin Heath (heathland belonging to the manor of Biggin), Chadwell Heath (heathland belonging to the manor of Chadwell St Mary, not the place near Romford), Mucking Heath, Orsett Heath, Socketts Heath and Terrel's Heath all of which were on high ground compared to the nearby marsh and had poor sandy soil with underlying gravel and chalk.South Essex: landscape and memory Heathland is maintained by animal grazing which prevents the growth of trees or large bushes. If the land ceases to be used for grazing, it reverts to woodland. Terrel's Heath was apparently still being grazed in 1840 when Champion Branfill wrote to William Wigfield on the subject of “rights of pasturage on Tyrrells heath”.
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Also recorded as Anete in 1305, Anet in 1339, Agnet in 1570 and Agnet iland alias Annett in 1650. In the 19th century Annet was ″used for pasturage by the inhabitants of other islands″ although with only one freshwater seepage there could not have been many animals grazing on the island. The SS Castleford struck the Crebawethans in June 1877 and led to some of her cargo of 250 to 450 cattle being landed on the island and staying there for up to 10 days. Gurney (1889) reported that "... the animals trampled everything and would have caused an immense amount of damage at the peak of the shearwater and storm petrel nesting season".
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The presidios of Spanish-Philippines in particular, were centers where the martial art of Arnis de Mano was developed, combining Filipino, Latin- American and Spanish fighting techniques. Later in western North America, with independence, the Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions like the Presidio de Sonoma, at Sonoma, California, and the Presidio de Calabasas, in Arizona. In western North America, a rancho del rey or kings ranch would be established a short distance outside a presidio. This was a tract of land assigned to the presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison.
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At that time, the island was most likely uninhabited and mostly used for pasturage by inhabitants on the surrounding islands. No later than the 17th century, the inhabitants of Eknö had maritime piloting as a by-income, but, as the navigable strait passing by Sandhamn was restricted to the Swedish Navy and ships going to Estonia and Latvia, a single pilot was settled on the island by the end of that century.Källman, pp 169-172 During the reign of Charles XI (1660–1697) the passage outside Sandhamn was opened to commercial shipping which increased the need for piloting in the strait. In the 18th century, three cottages on the island were used by the pilots.
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The teen was pledged to supply ten men for the heer, or army. Ploegg or teen formed a unit of which the members were collectively responsible for the performance of any of the men. The ploegg or East Frisian rott was a compact holding that originated with a single lineage or kinship, whose men in early times went to war under their chief, and devolved in medieval times into a union of neighbors rather than kith and kin. Several, often three, ploeggs were grouped into a burar, whose members controlled and adjudicated the uses of pasturage (but not tillage) which the ploeggs held in common, and came to be in charge of roads, ditches and dikes.
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In the report, Powell sites empirical evidence of rain patterns that contradict the theory that Rain follows the plow, which was widely propagated by politicians, scientists, railroad corporations, and proponents of Manifest destiny. Powell also argued against many common practices and laws used to settle unclaimed lands in the Public Domain managed by the General Land Office. Powell discouraged the practice of dividing government land into arbitrary rectangular plots for settlement, arguing that this technique ran the risk of concentrating valuable water resources on single plots, leaving adjacent plots unable to be settled, farmed or used for pasturage. He also pointed out the inadequacies of the Homestead Act of 1860 for settling the arid lands.
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Klein, pp. 190-1 There is ample evidence from this period of disputes over unauthorised tolls and encroachment on the cañadas, and ploughing of pastures which might only be used for a few months a year.Klein, pp. 12, 20-1 In theory, the Mesta had the right of pasturage and transit over all land except that in use for growing cereals, vineyards, orchards, hay meadows producing winter feed for cattle and land reserved for deer, but these mediaeval privileges had ceased to exist in reality by the end of the 15th Century, largely because the frequency of encroachments on pasturelands and the numbers of unjustified tolls swamped the courts with far more cases than they could deal with adequately.
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The court decided to appoint commissioners to divide up Ashdown Forest's in a way that would meet the needs of both defendants and plaintiffs. The commissioners made their award on 9 July 1693. They set aside , mostly in the vicinity of farms and villages, as common land, where the commoners were granted sole right of pasturage and the right to cut birch, alder and willow (but no other trees). The commoners were however excluded forever from the rest of the forest, about 55 per cent of its area, which was assigned for "inclosure and improvement" (though substantial areas had already been enclosed by then, so in such cases the decree was merely confirming the status quo).
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The heterogeneous population in Russia created special problems for the government, and it provided opportunities for those opposing the state and seeking support among the discontented, as yet unassimilated natives. Each group of people had problems with the state, which Pugachev focused on in order to gain their support. Non-Russians, such as the Bashkirs, followed Pugachev because they were promised their traditional ways of life, freedom of their lands, water and woods, their faith and laws, food, clothing, salaries, weapons and freedom from enserfment. (Madariaga, 250) Cossacks were similarly promised their old ways of life, the rights to the river Iaik (now the Ural River) from source to sea, tax-free pasturage, free salt, twelve chetvi of corn and 12 roubles per Cossack per year.
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The development of woolworking, which increasingly replaced linen in the production of textiles, had important economic implications. Beyond the expansion of sheep farming, these were notably in the institutional framework, which led to changes in agricultural practice with the introduction of pasturage for these animals in the fields, as convertible husbandry, and in the hilly and mountainous zones around Mesopotamia (following a kind of transhumance). The relative decline in the cultivation of flax for linen freed land for the growth of cereals as well as sesame, which was introduced to Lower Mesopotamia at this time and was a profitable replacement for flax since it provided sesame oil. Subsequently, this resulted in the development of an important textile industry, attested by many cylinder-seal impressions.
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Several species of clover are extensively cultivated as fodder plants. The most widely cultivated clovers are white clover, Trifolium repens, and red clover, Trifolium pratense. Clover, either sown alone or in mixture with ryegrass, has for a long time formed a staple crop for silaging, for several reasons: it grows freely, shooting up again after repeated mowings; it produces an abundant crop; it is palatable to and nutritious for livestock; it fixes nitrogen, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers; it grows in a great range of soils and climates; and it is appropriate for either pasturage or green composting. In many areas, particularly on acidic soil, clover is short-lived because of a combination of insect pests, diseases and nutrient balance; this is known as "clover sickness".
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Raymond was also given jurisdiction by the king over churches that had been previously confirmed to the bishop of Jaca by the council of 1063, including in the town Espluga, the valleys of Arravense and Castillo Vivo and castles of Castejón andCorbera. Raymond also received for his church the right to cut wood in the royal forests (15 March 1081), and from both King Sancho and his son, Count Pedro, received the right to pasturage far from their own church lands. The church under Raymond experienced economic growth, buying up vineyards and houses in the vicinities of Roda, Lastonosa, Ibuni, Monzón and Riberas del Cinca. To curb abuses among his priests, Raymond instituted a canonical rule in the cathedral and forbade the priests to own private property.
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In 2004, grazing conditions in Mille woreda had become degraded due to the encroachment by invasive thick and thorny Prosopis juliflora bushes, leading to significant tensions between Issa and Afar herders, due to the resulting scarcity of pasturage."Assessment Report: Impact of poor Karma rains in Zone 1 & 4, Afar National Regional State", Action contra le Faim report, 8–12 December 2004, p. 2 (accessed 18 January 2010) On 4 February 2007, the Afar Regional Cabinet approved the division of this woreda, creating a new woreda out of the western part, with its administrative center to be at Hadar."Three new woredas decided in Afar Region" The Ethiopian paleoanthropologist Yohannes Haile-Selassie led a number of digs in this woreda between 2004 and 2007.
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According to the story of Saint Fridolin, St. Hilarius appeared to him in a dream, and commanded him to proceed to an island in the Rhine, in the territories of the Alamanni. In obedience to this summon, Fridolin repaired to the "Emperor" Clovis, who granted him possession of the still unknown island, and thence proceeded through Helion, Strasburg, and Coire, founding churches in every district in honour of St. Hilarius. Reaching at last the island of Säckingen in the Rhine, he recognized in it the island indicated in the dream, and prepared to build a church there. The inhabitants of the banks of the Rhine, however, who used the island as a pasturage for their cattle, mistook Fridolin for a cattle-robber and expelled him.
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Kamose sought to extend his rule northward over all of Lower Egypt. This apparently was met with much opposition by his courtiers. It appears that at some point, these princes in Thebes had achieved a practical modus vivendi with the later Hyksos rulers, which included transit rights through Hyksos-controlled Middle and Lower Egypt and pasturage rights in the fertile Delta."Cambridge 2:1 290" Kamose's records on the Carnarvon Tablet relate the misgivings of this king's council to the prospect of a war against the Hyksos: However, Kamose's presentation here may be propaganda designed to embellish his reputation since his predecessor, Seqenenre Tao, had already been engaged in conflict with the Hyksos (for unknown reasons), only to fall in battle.
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207-95 The social and commercial reforms of Charles and Campomanes included a significant reduction in Mesta pasture rights by granting towns the freedom to use their common lands as they wished in 1761, and giving local sedentary flocks preference to over transhumant ones for Extremaduran pasturage in 1783. These measures began to have an adverse effect on the Mesta in the last decades of the 18th century.García Martín, p.72.Klein pp.294, 345 However, a very cold winter in 1779-80 that killed many sheep and a critical reduction in fine wool exports caused by declining demand were also important, as they intensified the effects of reduced availability and increased costs of winter pastures in reversing its fortunes.
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The marker is commemorative only, and does not mark the location of Irving's route, which likely passed south of Pink. Nevertheless, his account of the area is highly representative of the topography and conditions typical in the 1830s. Irving's travels were chronicled in A Tour on the Prairies in which he described the Cross Timbers: > The Cross Timber is about forty miles in breadth, and stretches over a rough > country of rolling hills, covered with scattered tracts of post-oak and > black-jack; with some intervening valleys, which, at proper seasons, would > afford good pasturage. It is very much cut up by deep ravines, which, in the > rainy seasons, are the beds of temporary streams, tributary to the main > rivers, and these are called 'branches.
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The former King Farm is located about west of Woodstock village, to the north of United States Route 4 and Rose Hill, a loop road on US 4's north side. The farm consists of , roughly divided equally between cleared and forested land; the cleared land is used either as pasturage or haying. The farmstead is located at the end of King Farm Road, once a through road leading to Barnard but now serving as the farmstead's drive. The complex includes the main house and barn, as well as a sheep barn, horse shed, granary, and workshop, most of which were built before 1900. The main house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, built about 1793 and enlarged twice during the 19th century.
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Gyr cattle, a type of zebu, prized for its tolerance for health and disease resistance Brazil expanded and transformed cattle ranching, starting at the turn of the twentieth century. Traditional cattle ranching counted on extensive pasturage and few human interventions, so that cattle were feral and bred without animal husbandry. The importation from South Asia of zebu, a resilient cattle breed suited for the tropics, was a significant investment, not just for the animals themselves, but for the development of a managed cattle industry in a part of Minas Gerais.Wilcox, Robert W. "Zebu's Elbows: Cattle Breeding the Environment in Central Brazil, 1890-1960" in Territories, commodities, and knowledges: Latin American Environmental History in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Ed. Christian Brannstrom.
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Ordu-Baliq is in a grassy plain called the Talal-khain-dala steppe, on the western bank of the Orkhon River in the Khotont sum of the Arkhangai Province, Mongolia, 16 km northeast of the Khotont village, or 30 km north-to-northwest of Kharkhorin. The Orkhon emerges from the gorges of the Khangai Mountains and flows northward to meet the Tuul River (the current capital of Mongolia, Ulan Bator, is on its upper reaches). A favorable micro-climate makes the location ideal for pasturage, and it lies along the most important east-west route across Mongolia. As a result, the Orkhon Valley was a center of habitation and important political and economic activity long before the birth of Genghis Khan who made it known to the wider world.
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However, by 1819 the preservation became too troublesome and Governor Macquarie decided to incorporate as many as possible into tame Government herds and open the whole area for settlement. In 1826, Governor Brisbane gave the order to slaughter the remnants. On his 20 August 1796 Sketch of the Settlements, Hunter labeled the area ‘Cow Pasture Plains’. Good reports of the area continued, following a visit by Governor King and his wife in December 1803, the area was described as ‘Exclusive of the very fine pasturage, the soil appears equally well calculated for tillage as are the Banks of the Hawkesbury’. It seems the area first attracted tourists as early as 1804. Meanwhile, in 1789 John Macarthur joined the New South Wales Corps as a lieutenant with “every reasonable expectation of reaping the most material advantages”.
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At pasture near Saint-Gilles, Gard The Raço di Biòu is raised principally for the traditional sport of the course camarguaise, a type of bloodless bull-running in which castrated bullocks are used. In the ring, raseteurs must try to remove a cockade from the forehead of the bull. The bullocks are driven on foot to the arena by mounted gardians (the abrivado), and returned to the manade in the same way (the bandido). The meat of the Raço di Biòu, along with that of the Brava cattle breed and crosses between the two, can under strict conditions of pasturage and of zone and methods of production be marketed with the Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée certification of origin as "Taureau de Camargue"; animals that have appeared in the bull-ring are excluded.
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At the end of the 19th century, Chaudhry Aurangzeb Khan, assistant colonisation officer for Chenab Colony, proposed the first system of tying land grants in the region to preserving camel population, which was falling at the time due to camel pasturage being converted to crop land via canal irrigation. The British rulers then signed agreements with the indigenous tribes and local people that traditionally used to raise and maintain herds of camels. According to these agreements, these local people were bound to continue providing camels as needed for military duty for the British Raj.Chaudhry Aurangzeb Khan on GoogleBooks - The Punjab Under Imperialism, 1885-1947 by Imran Ali pages 125, 258 Retrieved 9 September 2019 Camels, at that time, were considered an important means of military transport in the region.
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The city was the seat of the British administration in the Haud prior to Somali independence in 1960. Aware has dry pasturage. However, the construction of private wells and birkas (underground concrete water tanks), a development which started in the 1950s and later on dramatically increased after the 1970s, offered a solution to the absence of permanent water. While this encouraged birka owners to further diversify traditional animal husbandry beyond camels and small ruminants into water-dependent cattle, this also increased livestock population in an overpopulated region, putting additional pressure on shrinking resource base; the vicinity of almost every settlement in Aware have become overgrazed by cattle belonging to the villagers, thus driving away ideal nomads raising camels and small ruminants in the eternal search for pasture and water.
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In the western savannas, private ownership of stands of hashab (gum arabic) trees could be registered, an exception to the usual government ownership of the forests, but dead wood for domestic fuel and the underlying grass were common property. Water, a matter of greatest importance to stock raisers, was open to all if free standing, but wells and the associated drinking troughs were private property and retained by the digger season after season. In Northern Sudan, especially in the western region where increasing population and animal numbers placed pressure on the land, violations of customary laws and conflicts between ethnic groups over rights to pasturage and water increased during the 1990s and early 2000s. These were major factors behind the warfare that began in Western Sudan in early 2003.
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The sheep at this time would have been much more variable than modern breeds, which have been carefully selected for specific characteristics. In the early days the sheep were not shorn, but the wool was collected when the sheep moulted in the summer, either by plucking it from their fleece or collecting it where it had been rubbed off on a tree or rock. Excavations have been made at the Dinas Powys hillfort in Glamorgan of what seems to have been the court of an important ruler in the 5th and 6th centuries A.D. The bones of sheep were found, but there seems to have been little spinning and weaving. The 6th century writer Gildas, thought by some to have lived in Wales, mentioned "mountains particularly suitable for the alternating pasturage of animals".
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The convent of Sempringham at first suffered poverty, but several benefactors had compassion on the nuns. In 1189, the possessions of the priory included the whole township of Sempringham, with the parish church and the chapel of Pointon, the granges of Kirkby, Marham, Cranwell, Fulbeck, Thorpe, Bramcote, Walcote, Thurstanton, the hermitage of Hoyland, a mill in Birthorpe, half a knight's fee in Laughton (Locton), the mills of Folkingham, and the churches of Billingborough, Stowe with the chapel of Birthorpe, Hanington, Aslackby, Buxton, Brunesthorp, Kirkby, Bradstow, and moieties of Trowell and Laughton. Probably in consideration of this endowment, Gilbert limited the number of nuns and lay sisters to 120, and canons and lay brothers to 60. Grants of pasturage were numerous, and the chief source of revenue of the Gilbertines, as of the Cistercians, was their wool.
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The letter asserted that the Doklam area was to the "south of the traditional boundary between Bhutan and the Tibet region" in the southern Chumbi area. On 3 October, the Government of Bhutan issued a press statement in which it said, "this area is traditionally part of Bhutan and no assertion has been made by the Government of the People's Republic of China disputing the traditional frontier which runs along recognizable natural features." In response, the Chinese government replied that Bhutan was a sovereign country and that China did not recognize any role for the Indian government in the matter. It also asserted that the Doklam area had "always been under Chinese jurisdiction", that the Chinese herdsmen had "grazed cattle there for generations" and that the Bhutanese herdsmen had to pay pasturage to the Chinese side to graze cattle there.
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In acknowledgement of their subordination to the Qing dynasty, the banner princes annually presented tributes consisting of specified items to the Emperor. In return, they would receive imperial gifts intended to be at least equal in value to the tribute, and thus the Qing court did not consider the presentation of tribute to be an economic burden to the tributaries. The Mongolian commoners, on the other hand, were for the most part banner subjects who owed tax and service obligations to their banner princes as well as the Qing government. The banner subjects each belonged to a given banner, which they could not legally leave without the permission of the banner princes, who assigned pasturage rights to his subjects as he saw fit, in proportion to the number of adult males rather than in proportion to the amount of livestock that to graze.
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Cañada Real Leonesa Occidental in Province of Ávila, Spain In medieval Spain the existence of migratory flocks on the largest scale, which were carefully organised through the system of the Mesta gave rise to orderly drovers' roads, called cabañeras in Aragon, carreradas in Catalonia, azadores reales, emphasising royal patronage, in Valencia, and most famous of all, cañadas, including three major cañadas reales, in Castile.H.C. Darby, "The face of Europe on the eve of the great discoveries", in The New Cambridge Modern History vol. I, 1957:29ff: the section on Spain's medieval drovers' roads depends on Darby. Along these grazing trackways sheep travelled for distances of 350 to 450 miles, to the summer pasturages of the north, around León, Soria, Cuenca and Segovia, from the middle of April, and returning to winter pasturage in La Mancha, Estremadura, Alcántara and the lowlands of Andalusia.
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The remainder was to become available to form small to medium size European plantations. Even though large areas of the original European estates were underdeveloped or completely unused, their owners were unwilling to sell surplus land to new European farmers except for unrealistically high prices, so the commission looked to 700,000 acres of Crown land that it considered was potentially available to create future estates for these expected incomers, mainly outside the Shire Highlands, which contained many existing estates. The commission also estimated that the African population of Nyasaland would double by 1950, but it considered that the very low estimate that 3.2 million acres of cultivable land, with appropriate pasturage, would be sufficient to feed this anticipated future population. However, in 1924 the governor, Sir Charles Bowring, reported that Nyasaland was unsuitable for settlement by large numbers of Europeans.
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The famous silting up of the harbor for Bruges, which moved port commerce to Antwerp, also followed a period of increased settlement growth (and apparently of deforestation) in the upper river basins. In early medieval Riez in upper Provence, alluvial silt from two small rivers raised the riverbeds and widened the floodplain, which slowly buried the Roman settlement in alluvium and gradually moved new construction to higher ground; concurrently the headwater valleys above Riez were being opened to pasturage. A typical progress trap was that cities were often built in a forested area, which would provide wood for some industry (for example, construction, shipbuilding, pottery). When deforestation occurs without proper replanting, however; local wood supplies become difficult to obtain near enough to remain competitive, leading to the city's abandonment, as happened repeatedly in Ancient Asia Minor.
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This idea stemmed from the notion that smaller streams can often be diverted by individuals but irrigation projects from larger rivers require more work and capital than individual citizens can provide He proposed that collectives of 9 or more individuals be able to create their own irrigation or grazing districts with a maximum number of acres per person. The lands would be surveyed and classified primarily by the United States Geological Survey as irrigable lands, timber lands, pasturage lands, mineral lands, and coal lands. These would have different regulations for communal settlement. Individuals and groups would then democratically determine their own allotments and hold other individuals accountable to prevent fraud Political borders would be organized based on watershed boundaries, guaranteeing access to irrigation for a maximum number of individuals instead of allowing scarce water resources to be controlled by single allotments.
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Mesa Verde, August 10 :From Dulce, they entered present-day Colorado through Arboles, Ignacio, Durango and Hesperus. They camped at the base of the La Plata Mountains near the current Mesa Verde National Park in southwestern Colorado. :Escalante wrote in his journal, > Father Fray Francisco Atanasio [Domínguez] awoke troubled by rheumatic fever > which he felt in his face and head since the day before, and it was > desirable that we make camp here until he should be better, but the > continuous rains, the inclemency of the weather, and the great dampness of > the place forced us to leave it. Going north, and having traveled a little > more than half a league, we turned to the northwest, went on a league and > then swung west through valleys of very beautiful timber and abundant > pasturage, roses, and various other flowers.
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Map with municipal boundaries Rio Grande do Sul is bordered to the northeast by the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Uruguay, and to the northwest by the Argentine provinces of Corrientes and Misiones. The northern part of the state lies on the southern slopes of the elevated plateau extending southward from São Paulo across the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, and is much broken by low mountain ranges whose general direction across the trend of the slope gives them the appearance of escarpments. A range of low mountains extends southward from the Serra do Mar of Santa Catarina and crosses the state into Uruguay. West of this range is a vast grassy plain devoted principally to stock-raising – the northern and most elevated part being suitable in pasturage and climate for sheep, and the southern for cattle.
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Castle Broichin on the Isle of Raasay, an 1819 aquatint by William Daniell depicting Brochel Castle Tradition has it that Clan MacSween originally held title to Raasay but there is no written record of this. It is known that the island was ruled by the MacLeods from 1518 when Gillecallum, younger son of the MacLeod Chief of Lewis was granted title. Martin Martin visited towards the end of the 17th century and noted: > it has some wood on all the quarters of it, the whole is fitter for > pasturage than cultivation, the ground being generally very unequal, but > very well watered with rivulets and springs. There is a spring running down > the face of a high rock on the east side of the isle; it petrifies into a > white substance, of which very fine lime is made, and there is a great > quantity of it.
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Note: maps from the 1850s onward make reference to a "Mission Cranoras," which appears to be a corruption as "graneros" or granaries and references exist in nineteenth-century maps and letters to adobe ruins north of the old Workman homestead, now the Workman and Temple Family Homestead Museum, and close to the old Southern Pacific railroad tracks paralleling Valley Boulevard. The La Puente ranch was used by the mission fathers for wheat raising as well as stock pasturage. Although some sources claim that a grant of La Puente was made in 1820 by Governor Pablo Vicente de Sola to a Spaniard who then fled as Mexico gained its independence from Spain, there is no record in official records of this grant. At the end of 1841, a group of travelers and settlers arrived in the Los Angeles area from New Mexico, now referred to as the Workman-Rowland Party.
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In 1795, Robin Oig was just starting from Doune with a drove of cattle for England, when his father's sister, who was supposed to be gifted with second sight, drew his dirk from the folds of his plaid, and, exclaiming that there was Saxon blood on it, induced him to entrust the weapon to Morrison, who undertook to return it when asked for. At Falkirk the Highlander met his bosom friend, Wakefield, and they travelled southwards together. Having reached Cumberland, they separated to hire pasturage for their beasts, and it happened that while the Englishman bargained with the bailiff, the Highlander came to terms with the squire, and they thus both secured the same enclosure. On discovering this, Wakefield reproached his comrade with having played him false, and, angrily refusing his offer that they should share the field, had to be content with a barren moor belonging to the landlord of the alehouse, where they had agreed to pass the night.
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Agistment originally referred specifically to the proceeds of pasturage in the king's forests in England, but now means either: # the contract for taking in and feeding horses or cattle on pasture land, for the consideration of a periodic payment of money; # the profit derived from such pasturing. Agistment involves a contract of bailment, and the bailee must take reasonable care of the animals entrusted to him; he is responsible for damages and injury which result from ordinary casualties, if it be proved that such might have been prevented by the exercise of great care. There is no lien on the cattle for the price of the agistment unless by express agreement. Under the Agricultural Holdings Act of 1883, agisted cattle cannot be distrained on for rent if there be other sufficient distress to be found, and if such other distress be not found, and the cattle be distrained, the owner may redeem them on paying the price of their agistment.
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In 1900, he was appointed commissioner of British East Africa, and on 1 January 1902 he was appointed Commissioner, Commander-in-Chief and Consul-General for the East Africa Protectorate, including the mainland dominions of the Sultan of Zanzibar, and also as British Agent and Consul-General for the island dominions of the Sultan. In April 1902, the first application for land in British East Africa was made by the East Africa Syndicate – a company in which financiers belonging to the British South Africa Company were interested – which sought a grant of sq. m., and this was followed by other applications for considerable areas, a scheme being also propounded for a large Jewish settlement (which was rejected by the world Jewish community). During 1903 the arrival of hundreds of prospective settlers, chiefly from South Africa, led to the decision to entertain no more applications for large areas of land, especially as questions were raised concerning the preservation for the Maasai of their rights of pasturage.
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Bolton is an ancient Northumbrian village. An early record is of the establishment of a hospital, founded by Robert de Ros, Baron of Wark, before the year 1225, to support a master and three chaplains, thirteen leprous men, and other lay-brethren, dedicated to St. Thomas the Martyr, or the Holy Trinity; subordinate to the abbey of Ryeval, and the priory of Kirkham, in Yorkshire. de Ros richly endowed the hospital with the villa, lordship, impropriation, and advowson of Bolton, and a waste of ; a corn-mill and a tenement at Mindrum; lands at Paston, and at Kilham. He also gave it the villa, manor, impropriation, and advowson of Straunston, and his estates of the Pauntons within that lordship, near Grantham, in Lincolnshire; and also an estate at Elwell, in Swanesland, in Yorkshire, with pasturage for 300 sheep, near the river Humber; a corn-mill and a tenement at Middleton, near Dalton; and lands at Garton; both in the county of York.
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This was despite the fact that the Soviet Union had invested enormously to agriculture. Production costs were very high, the Soviet Union had to import food, and it had widespread food shortages even though the country had a large share of the best agricultural soil in the world and a high land/population ratio. The claims of inefficiency have, however, been criticized by often described as Neo-Marxist Economist Joseph E. Medley of the University of Southern Maine, US. Statistics based on value rather than volume of production may give one view of reality, as public-sector food was heavily subsidized and sold at much lower prices than private-sector produce. Also, the 2-3% of arable land allotted as private plots does not include the large area allocated to the peasants as pasturage for their private livestock; combined with land used to produce grain for fodder, the pasture and the individual plots total almost 20% of all Soviet farmland.
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Thirlmere from lower slopes of Raven Crag in the 1890s: water level 20ft above natural For the next ten years, the level of Thirlmere was twenty feet above that of the old lake: lowland pasturage was lost, but little housing. The straight level road on the east bank was favourably commented upon in accounts of cycling tours of the lakes, and it was widely thought - as James Lowther (MP for Penrith and the son of the Westmorland MP who had spoken against the 1878 Bill at its Second Reading) said at the Third Reading of a Welsh Private Bill - "the beauty of Thirlmere had been improved" by the scheme. Thirlmere water reached Manchester through a single 40-inch diameter cast iron pipe; due to leakage, only about 80% of the intended 10 million gallons a day supply reached Manchester. and, as early as May 1895 more than half the additional supply was accounted for by increased consumption.
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The dam was built in 1795 by French prisoners of war.London LOOP, Section 15, Hatch End to Elstree (page 3 ) English watercolour landscape painter John Hassell writes: :"At the top of Stanmore Hill we enter on Bushy Heath, and at some distance on the right in the valley catch a view of the celebrated reservoir, the property of the Grand Junction Company, on Aidenham Common, at the foot of the village of Elstree. This noble sheet of water occupies a space of considerable extent on the verge of Aidenham Common, which thirty years ago was a barren waste; here the improvements in agriculture are indeed conspicuous, for at this place a poor, sandy, meagre, wretched soil has now by good husbandry been converted into rich pasturage. :"The reservoir has all the appearance of a lake; and when the timber that surrounds it shall have arrived at maturity, it will be a most delightful spot.
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The court book of the Barony of Corshill and Cocklbee in 1666 lists the occupiers of the Lands of Blacklaw as William Fultoune (thair); Alexander Fultoune; Alexander Thomsoune; Robert Faullis; Robert Walker; James Faullis and Robert Waker. In May 1685 the tenants of the lairdship beneath the Black Law were pursued by the Barony Court for "cutting of young root grown trees within the parkes of Corshill" In December 1701 John Brown and Robert Faullis of Blacklaw were requested by the Barony Court judge to assess how many swine could be grazed on the common pasturage of Hareshaw and Corshouse. They were to assess also which of the two farmers involved suffered most by the overgrazing by the other. In May 1707 Sir Alexander Cunninghame of Corshill claimed against Janet Thomsone, John Brown and Andrew Faullis of Blacklaw at the Barony court for continuing to eat and destroy "the wast grassis of the maillen of Blacklaw".
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Petty projected the growth of the city of London and supposed that it might swallow the rest of England – not so far from what actually happened: > Now, if the city double its people in 40 years, and the present number be > 670,000, and if the whole territory be 7,400,000, and double in 360 years, > as aforesaid, then by the underwritten table it appears that A.D. 1840 the > people of the city will be 10,718,880, and those of the whole country but > 10,917,389, which is but inconsiderably more. Wherefore it is certain and > necessary that the growth of the city must stop before the said year 1840, > and will be at its utmost height in the next preceding period, A.D. 1800, > when the number of the city will be eight times its present number, > 5,359,000. And when (besides the said number) there will be 4,466,000 to > perform the tillage, pasturage, and other rural works necessary to be done > without the said city.OF THE GROWTH OF THE CITY OF LONDON – among the essays > downloadable at the Gutenberg link.
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364 This transhumance was a frequent cause of dispute between the shepherds and local inhabitants, and the Cortes of 1252 enacted laws regulating the number and amounts of tolls that could be levied upon the flocks moving through a district. It also allowed them to use streams and customary sheepwalks (cañadas) and prevented the enclosure of previously open pasturage, foreshadowing the privileges granted to the Mesta. During the Cortes of Burgos in 1269, the king imposed the servicio de los ganados, a tax on migratory flocks and herds, and the recognition of the Mesta in 1273 allowed Alfonso to derive a greater portion of the resources of the sheep- herding industry more efficiently.O’Callaghan, p.47 Royal cañada Trail through Old Castile (Segovia, Spain) Klein noted three possible origins for the word ‘’mesta’’. Firstly, it might be related to annual assemblies to dispose of strays that were called ‘’mezclados’’, as they were mixed with a strange flock or herd, the name ultimately deriving from the Latin , the explanation he preferred.
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Reilly, pp.99-100, 109-10 However, the increase in Castile's population was not commensurate with its increased size. Much of the Muslim population of the southern territories, renamed New Castile, left for North Africa or the Emirate of Granada, and the increasing use of the heavy plough in the north of the kingdom raised cereal production and discouraged its population from southward migration into areas less suitable for mixed farming. Reilly, pp.139-40 In the 12th and 13th centuries, many sheep-herders Old Castile and León began transhumance to more distant pastures, within or outside those provinces, This was both of the normal variety, moving from the home farm to summer pastures within the same province, and an inverse movement to winter pastures further away. Braudel, p.85-6 Two examples of normal transhumance are first, when many Castilian cities and towns were granted royal charters in the 12th century, they gained control over large areas of upland pasturage and granted grazing rights to their citizens.
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The original intention was to meet with Timur at his winter pasturage in the Kingdom of Georgia, but due to foul weather conditions and a shipwreck, the embassy was forced to return to Constantinople and spend the winter of 1403-1404 there. After setting sail from Constantinople across the Black Sea, the entourage spent the following months following in the wake of Timur's army, but were unable to catch up to the rapidly moving, mounted horde. It is for this reason that the Castilian delegation continued all the way to Timur's capital at Samarkand, in modern Uzbekistan, arriving there on 8 September 1404, occasioning the most detailed contemporary description of Timur's court by a westerner. Clavijo found the city in a constant cycle of construction and rebuilding, in search of perfection: > The Mosque which Timur had caused to be built to the memory of the mother of > his wife... seemed to us to be the noblest of all we visited in the city of > Samarkand, but no sooner had it been completed than he began to find fault > with its entrance gateway, which he now said was much too low and must be > pulled down.
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