Both books feature a black packhorse librarian; there is no readily available historical record confirming the existence of black packhorse librarians.
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She meets Margery O'Hare, an outspoken single woman who encourages Alice and three other women to join her as packhorse librarians.
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BOOK WOMAN Chpt 8, Pg 66, Chpt 36, Pg 233 Introduction of Queenie, who is a smart, strong, black librarian who works for the packhorse library project.
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Cussy lives as the town outcast with her coal-mining father and works as a packhorse librarian in Appalachia, delivering books on horseback to folks in the area.
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" Throughout the novel, he returns to an identical image of the river that flows through the village: "The river turned over beneath the packhorse bridge and ran on towards the millpond weir.
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For example, both feature an attack on a packhorse librarian by a town vagrant, though according to a Kentucky state librarian Richardson consulted, there is no historical evidence of such attacks occurring.
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But McGregor's uncanny evenness of tone, the unvaried repetition (the river turning over beneath the packhorse bridge), becomes, at length, a demanding kind of inquiry, not least because he is unafraid to court the reader's boredom.
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Everything changes when she signs up to join Eleanor Roosevelt's traveling library project — and she, with four other amazing women, become known as the Packhorse Librarians of Kentucky, changing lives (including their own) as they go.
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Essex Bridge, a packhorse bridge across the River Trent Medieval packhorse bridge crossing the Almofrei at Cotobade, Galicia A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. Typically a packhorse bridge consists of one or more narrow (one horse wide) masonry arches, and has low parapets so as not to interfere with the panniers borne by the horses. Multi-arched examples sometimes have triangular cutwaters that are extended upward to form pedestrian refuges. Packhorse bridges were often built on the trade routes (often called packhorse routes) that formed major transport arteries across Europe and Great Britain until the coming of the turnpike roads and canals in the 18th century.
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Access was arduous - via packhorse and ski. It burnt down in 1979.
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I wish the 'Packhorse' was quit of him, maugre his laced coat.
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"Packhorse, Longport in 1991 and 1997". Mervyn Edwards. Burslem Through Time. Amberley Publishing Ltd, 2012.
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Chaps were Packhorse drivers who assembled at an inn adjoined the Cutlers' Hall, Church Street, Sheffield.
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See Parry, above, chapters 5-8 Away from main routes, their use persisted into the 19th century leaving a legacy of paths across wilderness areas called packhorse routes, roads or trails and distinctive narrow, low sided stone arched packhorse bridges for example, at Marsden near Huddersfield. The Packhorse is a common public house name throughout England. During the 19th century, horses that transported officers' baggage during military campaigns were referred to as "bathorses" from the French bat, meaning packsaddle.
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A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. There are two packhorse bridges near Winster. The Winster Bridge (1729 with 20th-century parapet) is on the River Winster at . Another packhorse bridge (probably 17th- century, also Grade II listedGrade II: buildings that are of special interest, warranting every effort to preserve them.) is on a tributary of the River Winster at , adjacent to A5074 road.
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A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. There are two packhorse bridges on this river near Winster. The Winster Bridge (1729 with 20th-century parapet) on the river at Another packhorse bridge (Probably 17th-century. Grade II listedGrade II: buildings that are of special interest, warranting every effort to preserve them.) is on a tributary of the River Winster at , adjacent to A5074 road.
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The United States Army established Forward Operating Base Packhorse at the airfield after March 2003. FOB Packhorse was renamed to FOB Remagen after the 4ID turned the FOB over to the 3rd ID in 2004. It appears to be active and in use as viewed in current aerial imagery.
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Model of Sagmariasus verreauxi The species has many common names in English, including Australian crayfish, common crayfish, common Sydney crayfish, eastern crayfish, eastern rock lobster, green cray, green crayfish, green lobster, green rock lobster, marine crayfish, New South Wales spiny lobster, packhorse crayfish, packhorse lobster, sea crayfish, smooth-tailed crayfish and Sydney crayfish. In Māori, it is called '. S. verreauxi was formerly included in the genus Jasus, but has been separated into a monotypic genus Sagmariasus due to the lack of sculpturation on the abdomen, which is found in all other Jasus species. The name Sagmarasius derives from the Greek (sagmarion), meaning packhorse, and the genus name Jasus, in reference to the common name "packhorse crayfish".
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Slater's Bridge is a traditional packhorse bridge in Little Langdale in the English Lake District, standing at National Grid Reference .
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Also of note is the historic Packhorse Bridge and Challacombe Church. The nearby Shoulsbury castle is an Iron Age hill fort.
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Lee, p. 220.Seton-Hutchison, pp. 67–73.Wolff, p. 199. A packhorse being loaded with duckboards, Ypres Salient, October 1917.
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A load carried by a packhorse also has to be balanced, with weight even on both sides to the greatest degree possible.
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In the age before mass transportation, the road through the dale was part of a packhorse route from Lancaster to Newcastle upon Tyne.
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A drawing of the Abbey ruins from 1656 Monks from Rushen Abbey would sometimes have farms in the north of the island. A packhorse bridge was built in around 1350 to allow the monks to cross the nearby Silverburn River. Known today as The Monks' Bridge (or The Crossag), it is one of few surviving packhorse bridges in the British Isles.
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It is believed no material was recorded as the band performing as a 3-piece. After their formation in early 2008, the band regularly rehearsed above 'The Packhorse' pub in Leeds which was also where they performed their first secret show to a full house of attendees who had been invited by text message at the Packhorse in Leeds on 12 February 2008.
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The church in Aldbrough St John is constructed of this stone. A packhorse bridge crosses Aldbrough Beck near Aldborough which is grade II listed.
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This usage has left a history of old paths across wilderness areas called packhorse roads, and distinctive narrow and low sided stone arched packhorse bridges at various locations. The packhorse, mule or donkey was a critical tool in the development of the Americas. In colonial America, Spanish, French, Dutch and English traders made use of pack horses to carry goods to remote Native Americans and to carry hides back to colonial market centers. They had little choice, the America's had virtually no improved waterways before the 1820s and roads in times before the railroad and automobile were only improved locally around a municipality, and only rarely in between.
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Packhorse Bridge over Aldbrough Beck Aldbrough Beck is a small beck in North Yorkshire, England. The beck starts near Eppleby, in the Richmondshire district, and flows southeast, joining the Mary Wild Beck. It passes under a packhorse bridge while passing through Aldbrough St John. One mile further on the stream becomes known as Clow Beck and flows seven miles more, joining the River Tees near Croft-on-Tees.
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Conflicts between representatives of the two systems were not uncommon. Because the Ina road which was the main thoroughfare of Shinano was not under direct control of the bakufu government (and had little official traffic), packhorse operators were able to monopolise the freight trade. Packhorse couriers in Shinano fell into three main types. The first were local peasants, hauling their goods and those of their neighbours to market.
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This route was once thought to be a Roman road but is now thought to be a Medieval packhorse saltway, used to convey salt from Cheshire to Yorkshire.
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Until about 1820 the output of Blaen y Cwm was shipped by packhorse to Conwy via the Cwm Machno and Conwy Valley. From that date onwards, slate was shipped out, still on packhorse, over the mountain to Ffestiniog and on to Porthmadog. From 1869 the quarry used the Rhiwbach Tramway to connect with the Ffestiniog Railway at Blaenau Ffestiniog. Until 1872 the slate was carried by hand or wheelbarrow uphill to the tramway.
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Before the road-building efforts of Napoleon, all crossings of the Alps were on packhorse trails. Travellers' carriages were dismantled and transported over the mountain passes by ponies and mule trains.
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Wrexham Evening Leader There is a rare example of a packhorse bridge dating from at least the eighteenth century in the village. Welsh groundsel was first discovered near Ffrith in 1948.
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Medieval packhorse bridge over Wellow Brook There is a low water crossing (Irish Bridge) and late mediaeval packhorse bridge over Wellow Brook. A little further west is the Neolithic chambered tomb known as Stoney Littleton Long Barrow. The Long Barrow, which is also known as Bath Tumulus and the Wellow Tumulus, is a Neolithic chambered tomb with multiple burial chambers. The barrow is about in length and wide at the south-east end, it stands nearly high.
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Passing the crag is Blackstone Edge Long Causeway, also known as Blackstone Edge Roman Road, a paved road originally thought to be of Roman origin. After investigations by James Maxim it is now considered to be a 1735 turnpike or packhorse route. The Aiggin Stone, a gritstone pillar, possibly a way-marker, stands alongside the packhorse route and marks the county boundary. The stone has a cross and the letters I and T cut into it.
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The Beehive Inn Ripponden is the terminus of the annual Sowerby Bridge Rushbearing Festival. The village is on the route of the Calderdale Way, a circular walk around the hills and valleys of Calderdale. The Old Bridge Inn in the village is the home of an annual pork pie competition. The Old Bridge, or Waterloo Bridge, near the Inn is on the old packhorse road through the village and is also known as the Packhorse Bridge.
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Built about 1734, this narrow stone bridge conveyed the packhorse trail from Leeds to Cheshire. It now forms part of the Trans Pennine Trail. It is listed Grade II by English Heritage.
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The classic ukiyo-e print by Andō Hiroshige (Hōeidō edition) from 1831–1834 depicts two sumo wrestlers being carried across the Okitsu River, one on a packhorse and the other in a kago.
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Loading of a packhorse requires care. Weight carried is the first factor to consider. The average horse can carry up to approximately 30% of its body weight. Thus, a horse cannot carry more than .
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Ordnance Survey Landranger 1:50000 map, Sheet 119 (Buxton, Matlock and Dove Dale) The main landmark is a packhorse bridge. The bridge is Grade II-listed, and was probably constructed in the late 18th century.
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The destrier was specifically for use in battle or tournament; for everyday riding, a knight would use a palfrey, and his baggage would be carried on a sumpter horse (or packhorse), or possibly in wagons.
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The sweat room scenes were filmed in the School Room in School House at Aldenham School (though they were redesigned for the film). The dormitory scenes were also at Aldenham—specifically The Long Room for the junior boys, and the room with the wooden partitions called Lower Cubs (short for cubicles). The shower scene and toilets were in School House changing rooms. The transport cafe was the (now demolished) Packhorse Cafe on the A5/Watling Street in Kensworth, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, close to the Packhorse Pub.
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A local legend tells that Pym Chair is the spot where a highway man called Pym robbed passers by on the packhorse route. However another story is that Pym was a preacher who gave sermons there.
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British author Jojo Moyes wrote The Giver of Stars, which was published in 2019. It is named after a poem by Amy Lowell. It is historical fiction about packhorse librarians in a remote area of Kentucky.
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Kentsford Bridge is a packhorse bridge over the Washford River. It existed before the Reformation, possibly being a route to Cleeve Abbey and was repaired in 1613. The bridge is wide and has a total span of .
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Packhorse bridge over Winn Brook The name comes from the ford across the Winn Brook, where it meets the River Exe. There are eight bridges, providing crossing points over the many small streams that run through the village; one is a packhorse bridge, which is thought to be several hundred years old. The Vicarage Bridge is wide and long. Winsford Common is situated in a hollow in the surrounding countryside (which itself is within a valley), somewhat akin in shape to that of a punch bowl, and thus has gained the name of The Punchbowl.
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The shiny greenish-black seeds within have a narrowly oblong shape and are around long. It is native to a small area in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It has a disjunct distribution between two localities, in the Packhorse Range and around Mount Agnes which is found around north from the Packhorse range, in the western part of the Kimberley. It is found among rocky outcrops and on plains growing in the sandstone rocks that are veined with quartzite as a part of Eucalyptus miniata woodland over spinifex communities.
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Catholic Herald 26 March 2004 "Medieval English order enjoys revival in Brazil" It is believed that the monks of this priory built the village's Packhorse bridge in the 14th century. The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Utterby.
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In 1905 Robert Burnard wrote: "When packhorses were used on the Moreton track, New House, or as it is now called, Warren House Inn, was on the right side of the road proceeding from Postbridge towards Moreton, and it is so shown on Donne's map. This old building was burnt down some years ago and was rebuilt in 1845 by J. Wills on the other side of the present road, here it occupies the site of the ancient packhorse way." As Burnard said, the current building dates from 1845, but the original inn on the southern side of the packhorse track was probably built in the middle of the 18th century, certainly well before the turnpike road was created in 1792. There must have been sufficient packhorse and foot traffic because some time afterwards a small rabbit warren was established nearby to allow the inn to serve rabbit-pie with scrumpy.
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The 17th century packhorse Malmsmead Bridge crosses Badgworthy Water, alongside an even older ford. The valley is associated with the book Lorna Doone. It has been used for canoeing and includes grade 2 and 3 rapids, walking and fly fishing.
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There are two medieval packhorse bridges. One is known as Hacketty Way Bridge, which is wide and has a span of . The other at West Luccombe has a shallow pointed arch. The cobbled roadway is wide and has a span of .
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The bridge is just wide enough for a packhorse, though it is suspected that the bridge may have originally been wider and was deliberately narrowed when the Saltersbrook turnpike was built, to prevent vehicles bypassing the toll barrier.On-site information board.
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By December 1991 the Soviet Union dissolved, ending squadron's six- year presence along the Iron Curtain. In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, prompting the United States to respond. On 16 May 1991, the Packhorse received orders to deploy to Kuwait to support the regiment as it secured the country while it struggled to rebuild after the war. By October, the regiment had completed its mission and the Packhorse returned to Fulda. As the need for U.S. forces in Europe decreased, the Packhorse was inactivated on 15 February 1994, followed by the Blackhorse on 15 March 1994. The 177th Forward Support Battalion was inactivated on 26 October 1994, becoming the Regimental Support Squadron, 'Packhorse' now carrying its new role with the U.S. Army's Opposing Forces at the National Training Center. Since its reactivation Support Squadron has been the Forces Command (FORSCOM) winner of the Philip A. Connelly award for garrison food service excellence in FY 1992, 1993 and 1994. The squadron also won this same competition at the Department of the Army (DA) level in FY 1993. The squadron played a part in the regiment's selection as the only Army unit in the Department of Defense for the Phoenix award for Maintenance Excellence in FY 1995, FY 1999 and FY 2000.
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Packhorse bridge and ford on Potton Brook The Packhorse bridge alongside the ford is a 13th century double arched pedestrian bridge over Potton Brook, a tributary of the River Ivel. Sutton ford in floodThe bridge built from local sandstone is thought to be the only surviving one of its type in Bedfordshire. One source states that it was situated on an important wool trade route to the towns of Bedford and Dunstable. However, another source disputes this and is of the opinion that the bridge's origins lie with the creation of Sutton Park and the relocation of the village.
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A spectacular suspension bridge once crossed the river but it was demolished to make way for Errwood Reservoir. An old packhorse bridge was saved and reconstructed near Goytsclough Quarry. The reservoirs and much of the surrounding land is currently owned by United Utilities.
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Foundation training of the packhorse is similar to that of a riding horse.Kinsey, J. M. and Denison, Jennifer. Backcountry Basics Colorado Springs, CO: Western Horseman Publishing, 2008. . Chapter 3: "Making the Trail Horse" Many, though not all packhorses are also trained to be ridden.
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Breeching on a pack horse Breeching may be used to stabilize the pack saddle of a packhorse or other pack animal, by keeping the saddle from sliding forward, especially on downhill tracks. Pack horse breeching may be supplemented with a crupper to provide additional stability.
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Typically a train of ponies would number between 12 and 20, but sometimes up to 40. They averaged about a day. The train's leader commonly wore a bell to warn of its approach, since contemporary accounts emphasised the risk packhorse trains presented to others.Gladys Sellers, above, p26.
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Packhorse bridge over the River Divelish Fifehead Neville is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England, situated in the Blackmore Vale about southwest of the town of Sturminster Newton. In the 2011 census the population of the parish was 147.
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The Sign of the Packhorse, a smaller house on top of the Kaituna Saddle, was the second one to be established in 1916. The Sign of the Kiwi was the third rest house built by Ell. The Sign of the Takahe was the remaining house to be built.
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The area is the purported site of the battle of Acleah, in 851 AD, between King Æthelwulf of Wessex and the Danes, resulting in a victory for Æthelwulf. It grew as a small village linking the route between Windsor and Reading, serving as a stop for packhorse traders.
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Sutton is a rural village and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England. It lies west of Bedford. At the 2001 Census, its population was 299. Main features are the packhorse bridge over the Potton Brook and the Grade I listed All Saints' Parish Church.
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The Lokai, a mountain horse bred in Tajikistan, is used as a riding horse, a packhorse, or even sometimes a light draft horse. Although small, the breed is agile and hardy. The breed was developed by crossing native mountain horses with a mixture of Central Asian and European bloodlines.
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In 1913, tennis courts were built in the park on the site of a Medieval manor house. The park was gifted to Wortley District Council by Joseph Dixon and John Mills in 1917. In 1925 a packhorse bridge was dismantled and brought to the park from the Ewden valley.
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Support Squadron, 11th ACR provides combat support/combat service support to the 11th ACR and NTC Opposing Force and conducts deployment, survivability and MOS sustainment training IOT ensure the success of the regiment, OPFOR, and squadron. "Packhorse", was activated in Germany under the command of LTC Ronald Kelly on 17 September 1985 to support the Blackhorse as it patrolled the East-West German border along the Fulda Gap. The squadron's official name at that time was Combat Support Squadron (CSS). The nickname "Packhorse" is derived from the early days of the U.S. Cavalry, when soldiers went on campaigns accompanied by packhorses, additional horses and/or mules that carried all their essential supplies.
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In the 1670s, Samuel Watson replaced the ford by a packhorse bridge whose arch spans a wooded stretch of the river, and a grassy patch leads downstream to Stainforth Force. In Little Stainforth the three-storey Stainforth Hall was built at the same time and is now occupied as a farmhouse.
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Smithy Bridge is a suburb of Littleborough within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. Hollingworth Lake Country Park is close by. It also has a link to the Rochdale Canal and has its own railway station. It was once a route on the packhorse trip through to Yorkshire.
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Several packhorse bridges, such as Bow Bridge, Plox also appear in the list. The most recent monuments include the Round House, a village lock-up in Castle Cary dating from 1779, and several duck decoys The monuments are listed below using the titles given in the English Heritage data sheets.
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King Alfred's Tower The forest of Penselwood. Bruton has its packhorse bridge, dovecote and famous twin-towered church. Near Castle Cary is Cadbury Castle, whose summit offers a spectacular panorama of the South Somerset countryside. The busy military airfield at Yeovilton is also home to the Fleet Air Arm Museum.
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The NPR series The Keepers, "stories of activists, archivists, rogue librarians, curators, collectors and historians", devoted an episode to the Packhorse Librarians of Eastern Kentucky. The episode originally aired on Morning Edition September 13, 2018. A "director's cut" of the story can also be heard through the Radiotopia podcast "The Kitchen Sisters present".
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Healesville was at the furthest point coaches could travel along the route from Melbourne. From there, a packhorse track climbed through the mountains to the diggings. Shanties were built every five or six miles from New Chum to the diggings. Accommodation houses and stores were strung along the rest of the road.
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A mile east of the village is the confluence of the rivers Sett and Kinder at Bowden Bridge (a packhorse bridge), from where rights-of- way lead past Kinder Reservoir (built 1911) and on to the Kinder Scout plateau. The Mass trespass of Kinder Scout started from Bowden Bridge Quarry in April 1932.
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Birks Bridge is a packhorse bridge of outstanding beauty, even for Lakeland. Hunter Davies described how "the hump-back stone bridge seems itself to be a work of nature, blending and melding so well with the rocks either side". Wainwright considered this a tribute to the artistry of craftsmen of former times.
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Andrew Bibby, above, p88 They were particularly useful as roads were muddy and often impassable by wagon or cart, and there were no bridges over some major rivers in the north of England. About 1000 packhorses a day passed through Clitheroe before 1750,Sue Hogg Marsden & Delph to Howarth & Oxenhope-Bridleway Rides in the South Pennines (Pennine Packhorse Trails Trust, Todmorden) 1998 and "commonly 200 to 300 laden horses every day over the River Calder (at a ford) called Fennysford in the King's Highway between Clitheroe and Whalley"Report of Quarter Sessions, 1632, cited by Herbert Collins, above, p163 The importance of packhorse routes was reflected in jingles and rhymes, often aide-memoires of the routes.Both Collins, at p.81, and Parry at p.
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The Monk's Bridge, as it is still called, on Cold Fell, built by the monks of Calder, is the oldest packhorse bridge in Cumbria; it spans the River Calder, just upstream of the confluence with Friar Gill. Also known as "Matty Benn's bridge", this is still in use today and is open to the public.
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It is a narrow stone packhorse bridge, on the southern outskirts of Dunster, with two arches over the River Avill. It has a roadway width of , a total width of and is long. The side of the bridge each have four narrow chamfered ribs. The approach from the village is via a raised causeway.
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Christopher Tolkien (1983), The History of Middle-earth, The Book of Lost Tales, p.25; Great Haywood is the site of Essex Bridge, one of the largest surviving packhorse bridges in the country which stands over the River Trent near Shugborough Hall. It borders Cannock Chase, designated an area of outstanding natural beauty since 1958.
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Melbourne has two schools: an infant school and a junior school, sharing a single site on Packhorse Road. There are also various pre-schools, such as Kangaroos Pre-School based at the historic Wesley Hall. It is also in the catchment area of Chellaston Academy, with buses provided by Harpur's Coaches and Hawkes Travel.
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The station can be accessed on foot, climbing the footpath from the nearby Groudle Beach ,or from above, using the old packhorse road which now provides limited vehicular access for the railway's staff, largely for delivery purposes. Other than this, the railway is the easiest way to reach the station, by informing the train guard of your intentions.
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Wakeman was so impressed by the indefinite tape loop idea that he asked Biro if he'd like to "make some money with this thing" and offered to fund its manufacture. It was developed in 1975 by Birotronics, Ltd which was one of Wakeman's Complex 7 businesses. The Packhorse Road Case company was also part of Complex 7.
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The population is spread among a number of hamlets and scattered farms, including Norwood Bottom and Bland Hill. Norwood Hall is a 17th-century Grade II listed building. Dob Park Bridge is a packhorse bridge, probably of 17th century origin, over the River Washburn. Norwood is pronounced locally as "Norood", just as Warwick is pronounced "Warrick".
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Torr Vale Mill had added a weaving shed in 1836, and moved into producing towelling. The commercial method of calico printing using engraved rollers was invented in 1821 in New Mills. John Potts of Potts, Oliver and Potts used a copper-engraved master to produce rollers to transfer the inks. The Union Bridge and the packhorse bridge it replaces.
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Packhorse trails were marked by ancient stones of which many still survive. For hundreds of years streams from the surrounding hills provided water for corn and fulling mills. Todmorden grew to relative prosperity by combining farming with the production of woollen textiles. Some yeomen clothiers were able to build fine houses, a few of which still exist today.
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Village from bridge Bidford Bridge crosses the Avon at Bidford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, England. It is a scheduled monument and is Grade I listed. The bridge is wider than a typical packhorse bridge. It dates from the early 15th century but has been repaired many times; in the 16th century stone from Alcester's demolished priory was used.
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A 50 degree incline within the Honister Slate Mine. By 1870 Honister's underground workings stretched under Honister Crag with intermediate workings on the opposite side of the valley at Yew Crags. Smaller-scale underground workings on Dubbs Moor, together with a small opencast quarry. Packhorse teams had been used to remove the finished slate on sleds from mines.
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Hiroshige's ukiyo-e print of Nagakubo-shuku dates from 1835–1838. The scene depicts the Wada bridge, located just past the post station. In the front of the picture, two children are playing and a traveler is leading his packhorse towards an inn. As was common in the series of prints, the publisher's name appears on the saddlecloth on the horse.
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By the mid-1970s, Phillips had met the Bradford-born songwriter, singer and guitarist Brendan Croker. They opened a club in a Leeds pub called The Packhorse, where they also played guitar. As a side project, Phillips spent his spare time painting. Finally, in the 1980s, Phillips was persuaded to release his first album, titled ironically The Best of Steve Phillips.
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Heavy packhorse loads were taken on the route, for example of wool. Clerics, traders and the nobility were more likely to travel than others, and some people rarely travelled at all. Travelling in style involved the use of carts for luggage, but carts bogged down in winter mud, so traders with packhorses travelled more easily in winter than the rich.
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It features many statues and a near-replica Roman pagan "temple" which overlooks. The river terrace is named the Praeneste after the temple in Palestrina near Rome. Two miles south, the river is crossed by a medieval packhorse bridge at Northbrook and a further mile south the course of Akeman Street, a Roman road. South, the valley narrows and becomes more wooded.
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Ford through the Divelish with adjacent packhorse bridge near Fifehead Neville The River Divelish is a Dorset watercourse of that rises on the north slope of Bulbarrow Hill, near to the source of the Devil's Brook. It is a tributary of the River Stour, which it joins upstream of Sturminster Newton. The Stour, in turn, discharges into the English Channel. Its length is .
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A packhorse train can barely be seen emerging from a wood at the base of a towering precipice. The painting's style encompasses archaic conventions dating back to the Tang Dynasty.Sullivan, The Arts of China, 180. The historian Patricia Ebrey explains her view on the painting that the: > ...foreground, presented at eye level, is executed in crisp, well-defined > brush strokes.
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From Earby the path proceeds 7 miles (11 km) via Kelbrook to Laneshawbridge. From Laneshawbridge the path proceeds 6.5 miles (10.5 km) via Wycoller and along an old packhorse route over the moors above Trawden to the Coldwell Inn. From there the path proceeds 4.5 miles (7.2 km) through farmland to Reedley and then 6 miles (9.5 km) via Higham to Newchurch.
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It is tidal below the sluices at New Clyce Bridge in Highbridge. Bow Bridge Bow Bridge is a 15th-century Packhorse bridge over the River Brue in Plox, Bruton. It is a Grade I listed building, and scheduled monument. The bridge may have been built as a link between the former Bruton Abbey, and its courthouse in the High Street.
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Horner is on the eastern bank of Horner Water on which there is a restored, but non- working, water mill and which is crossed by a packhorse bridge, and on the route of the Coleridge Way. Horner possesses two tearooms and a campsite field owned by the Scout Association. Burrowhayes Farm is a nearby campsite that shares its patronage with the tearooms.
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In Stokesley, the river is crossed by Taylorson's Bridge, a 17th-century packhorse bridge, which was once the only crossing in the town. The Domesday Book records a water mill on the banks of the river in the town. In Hutton Rudby, a plaque on a bridge marks the spot of a water mill that, amongst several uses, once made sailcloth.
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Prior to these and during redevelopment projects, players were fed and watered in a number local of hostelries including the White Swan & Packhorse Mews, Spotted Cow, Dusty Miller and Wappy Spring. The main pitch was opened in 1989 with the “Lawrence Batley Stand” following in 1996. The stand was renamed in 2016 to “The Thomas Crapper Stand” following sponsorship by the company.
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Various sights are viewable along the Baker Way, such as Beeston Castle and Peckforton Castle, which can be seen from the fields surrounding Christleton and Brown Heath, and Ashton's church spire, which is a good landmark for navigation. Between Tarvin and Christleton the route crosses over the River Gowy at Hockenhull Platts, where there are three old packhorse bridges and a nature reserve.
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Slater Bridge on the route between Little Langdale and Tilberthwaite Langdale was previously known as Langdene meaning 'far away wooded valley' and referring to its distance along the flint route from Whitley Bay. Historically Little Langdale was at the intersection of packhorse routes leading to Ravenglass, Whitehaven, Keswick, Penrith & Carlisle, Ambleside, Hawkshead, and Coniston, Ulverston, Broughton-in-Furness and Barrow in Furness. Slater's Bridge which crosses the River Brathay in 3 spans supported by a large mid-stream boulder and stone causeways is a 16th- century,Coniston & Hawkshead National Trust Team Blog - Step back in time in Little Langdale slate-built, former packhorse bridge on one of these routes. Today metalled roads from Little Langdale lead west over Wrynose Pass and Hardknott towards Eskdale, northwest by Blea Tarn to Great Langdale, northeast to Elterwater and east to the Skelwith Bridge - Coniston road.
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A miner with a packhorse during the California Gold Rush The packhorse, mule or donkey was a critical tool in the development of the Americas. In colonial America, Spanish, French, Dutch and English traders made use of pack horses to carry goods to remote Native Americans and to carry hides back to colonial market centers. They had little choice, the Americas had virtually no improved waterways before the 1820s and roads in times before the automobile were only improved locally around a municipality, and only rarely in between. This meant cities and towns were connected by roads which carts and wagons could navigate only with difficulty, for virtually every eastern hill or mountain with a shallow gradient was flanked by valleys with stream cut gullies and ravines in their bottoms, as well as Cut bank formations, including escarpments.
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It has been designated as a Grade I listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument. It is a narrow stone packhorse bridge, on the southern outskirts of Dunster, with two arches over the River Avill. It was originally known as Gallows Bridge and has a roadway width of , a total width of and is long. The river then skirts Dunster New Park surrounding Dunster Castle.
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Phillips in his guitar making workshop in Leeds, 1979 Headstock of a 12-string guitar by Steve Phillips Blues jam at the Packhorse Hotel, Leeds, December 1978. L-R: Sholto Lenaghan, Viv Speight, Steve Phillips, Brendan Croker. Phillips usually tours solo, with occasional gigs with The Rough Diamonds. He has also played with other solo blues artists such as Ray Stubbs, Doug McLeod and Hans Theessink.
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The Packhorse Inn in Southstoke within the English county of Somerset is a Grade II listed building which was largely rebuilt in 1674. It was changed from a farmhouse to a pub in the 19th century but closed in 2012. A local campaign has achieved designation as an asset of community value has raised money to renovate it. The pub reopened in March 2018.
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A low-grade Chrysotile was mined here from 1908 to 1917 but only 100 tons was washed and taken out by packhorse. A new power scheme enabled work to renew and between 1940 and 1949, 40 tons a month was mined by the Hume Company. This continued to 1964, when, due to the short length of its fibre, the limited commercial viability forced mining to cease.
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The station opened in May 1868 as the southern terminus of the narrow gauge Festiniog and Blaenau Railway (F&BR;). The narrow gauge line's primary traffic was passengers, and workmen in particular, with goods traffic small by comparison. Receipts in 1879, for example, included £1409 from passengers against £416 for goods. Slate was brought to the station by packhorse and sled from Drum quarry.
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From the early centuries AD the Long Causeway ancient track passed through the area; this originated in Roman times as a highway connecting the forts at Templeborough and Buxton and continued in later centuries as a packhorse route."Historic Hallamshire", David Hey, Gives details of Long Causeway and Hallamshire Chase. Throughout medieval times the area was part of a deer hunting park known as Hallamshire Chase.
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Several bridges are prominent. Oare bridge is an 18th-century road bridge over Oare Water, and the 17th-century packhorse Malmsmead Bridge over Badgworthy Water. Robber's Bridge is an old masonry arch bridge in the royal forest of Exmoor,Everything Exmoor carrying the minor road from Porlock Hill to Oare. It crosses Weir Water and is located down a steep, wooded lane beneath overhanging trees.
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Saddlers Way, which forms part of both of these trails, was a former packhorse track. Tegg's Nose lies on the Gritstone Trail long-distance footpath, forming the end of the northern stage and the start of the central stage. The Peak District Boundary Walk follows the same route through the country park. It also forms an access point for ascending Shutlingsloe via Macclesfield Forest.
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The road from West Burton peters out just south of the hamlet, but an old packhorse track goes over Buckden Pike and ends in the village of Starbotton. Walden Head, like the other small settlements in the Walden Valley, have changed little over modern times. The Walden Valley is sometimes referred to as Waldendale, but this is not common. The name Walden means 'Valley of the Welsh'.
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Seymour volunteered to ride the Trail and set off from Ferntree Gully, Victoria in February 1972 with two saddle horses, a packhorse and 'Bluey', his blue heeler cattle dog. The Association provided Dan with encouragement during this lengthy journey. His twenty-one month ride finished in Cooktown, Queensland in September 1973. Dan's journey, which was regularly reported, created increased interest in the formation of the Trail.
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During spells of very hot weather and drought conditions, the old packhorse bridge is revealed. The dam head is a curved structure that is long and over high. The reservoir covers and has a catchment of , and when it is full, it holds over of water. The dam took eight years to complete at a cost of £1.4 million, and is located at above sea level.
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Later it reaches an old packhorse bridge that was moved when Errwood reservoir was built in the 1960s (see photo below). Further downstream there is another reservoir, the Fernilee Reservoir, built in 1938. The original line of the Cromford and High Peak Railway can be seen near this point. The Goyt then passes through Taxal and Horwich End where it is joined by the Todd Brook.
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The Gwynedd Pevsner records him as having paid for the construction of three bridges in the vicinity of Mallwyd. Pont Minllyn was designed as a packhorse bridge to assist in the transportation of goods. It consists of two arches, with a central pier in the river, constructed from stone rubble. The span of the bridge is now turfed, Pevsner describing the "grassy arches of marvellous delicacy".
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The Chiswick Empire on Chiswick High Road, next to the Old Packhorse, which still survives. The Chiswick Empire was a theatre in Chiswick in London that opened in 1912 and closed and was demolished in 1959. A venue for touring artists, some of the greatest names in drama, variety and music hall performed there including George Formby, Laurel and Hardy, Chico Marx, Peter Sellers and Liberace.
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There were steeper routes via Townstal Hill and Clarence Street and also via Brown's Hill. These were all too steep for vehicles, so the only land access was by packhorse. In 1671 there is the first mention of the building of the "New Ground". A previously existing sandbank was built up using ships' ballast, and a quay wall was built around it to provide more mooring space.
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The Domesday entry states that Tarente had 28 households, 8 ploughlands, of meadow and one mill. It was in Pimperne Hundred and the lord and tenant-in-chief was Cranborne Abbey. In the village the River Tarrant is crossed by a packhorse bridge that probably dates from the 17th century. The bridge was part of an old route between Blandford Forum and Moor Crichel.
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Mellor Bridge, one of Marsden's two packhorse bridges, with St Bartholomew's Church in the background The Holme Valley Mountain Rescue Team has its headquarters at Marsden Fire Station from where the volunteer team provides rescue cover for surrounding moorland areas and assists West Yorkshire Police with searches for missing people. The team was founded in 1965 and was based in Meltham before relocating in 2005.
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Barlow's church is dedicated to St Lawrence. Barlow Woodseats Hall, on the edge of the village, is the only manor house in the parish and dates from the 17th century. Amongst the other historical buildings is Lee, or Lea, Bridge, which is a grade II listed early 18th century packhorse bridge; it has been described as 'a substantially complete example of rural bridge 'engineering' '.
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The radio mast on top of Sir William Hill is a prominent local landmark. Sir William Hill Road is an ancient packhorse route across the moor and was part of the Sheffield to Buxton Turnpike of 1758. The Barrel Inn on Sir William Hill Road at Bretton is the highest pub in Derbyshire. Chair Stone of Wet Withens There are three stone circles on Eyam Moor.
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The bridge here dates from at least 1723 and is a Packhorse Bridge. There is a ford adjacent as the bridge is only wide enough for a single horse. The ford is deceptively deep and the water is fast flowing. People have had their vehicles washed downstream whilst trying to cross here and it would be unwise to cross, even in a 4 x 4.
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River Cam The Wales and Camel Bridges over the River Cam date from the 18th century, although one may be a rebuilding of an older packhorse bridge. It is wide and has a total span of . The 17th-century Wales farmhouse and a row of 15th- century cottages are near the Wales bridge. There is one shop that provides all of the villages needs.
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Pill Bridge is a stone arch bridge over the River Yeo between the parishes of Ilchester and Long Sutton, in the English county of Somerset. It is a scheduled monument. The current 17th century packhorse bridge replaced an earlier 13th-century bridge at the same site. It was the unloading point for goods destined for Ilchester, downstream, until the conception of the Ivelchester and Langport Navigation.
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In the post-medieval period, there is a packhorse bridge and a lockup, but it is the industrial sites that stand out, especially the water-powered industries in the Greenfield Valley and the pottery sites in Buckley. Flintshire lies wholly within the historic county of Flintshire. Scheduled monuments (SAMs) have statutory protection. It is illegal to disturb the ground surface or any standing remains.
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Narrow and packhorse bridges can be found in several places on the moors, including the Close Gate Bridge near Marsden. The first metalled road between Huddersfield to Manchester was built in 1760. It was followed by another road, known locally as the coach road, built by John Metcalf (Blind Jack of Knaresborough) in 1791. It crossed the Pennine ridge south of the present Standedge cutting.
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Ceres is one of a few Scottish villages to have a village green. It is known as the "Bow Butts" since its use as an archery practice ground in medieval times. The Ceres Burn runs through the village and alongside the green. An old packhorse bridge, known as the "Bishop's Bridge" has spanned the burn since the 17th century and still stands close to a more modern road bridge.
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Drovers' roads are often wider than other roads, able to accommodate large herds or flocks. Packhorse ways were quite narrow as the horses moved in single file, whereas drove roads were at least and up to wide.Addison (1980), Pp. 70-78. In the United Kingdom, where many original drovers' roads have been converted into single carriageway metalled roads, unusually wide verges often give an indication of the road's origin.
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The building existed as a farmhouse although its date of construction is unknown. It was rebuilt in 1674 when the date was carved into a stone over the front door. It became a pub in the mid 19th century, although another building in the village had previously been known as "The Packhorse Inn". In 1939 the licensee was Mrs Emily Rose. The inn was owned by George’s Brewery.
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Nowadays they provide an area of relaxation for walkers, anglers and boaters. The Roman Lakes leisure complex is popular with walkers, anglers, nature lovers and horse riders. It is located in the valley bottom close to Strines. The area was named in the Victorian era as an attraction to tourists not because it had links with the Romans (also true of Roman Bridge, a packhorse bridge over the Goyt).
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A Roman road passes along the Saddleworth hills, from the fort of Ardotalia in Glossop to Castleshaw Roman fort. The route of the Roman road passes through Greenfield and crosses Chew Brook at Packhorse Bridge. The old stone houses of Saddleworth date from the 17th century and were home to farmers and hand loom weavers in the woollen trade. The first industrial looms were also designed and built in Saddleworth.
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Stoke sub Hamdon Priory was formed in 1304 as a chantry college rather than a priory. More recent sites include several motte-and- bailey castles such as Cary Castle, and church crosses which date from the Middle Ages. Several packhorse bridges, such as Bow Bridge, Plox also appear in the list. The most recent monuments include the Round House, a village lock-up in Castle Cary dating from 1779.
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To explain the name, a myth developed of a giant named Gwrle, who was supposed to have lived in the castle and been buried in the nearby Neolithic burial mound at Cefn-y-bedd. Caergwrle Castle. The 17th-century Packhorse Bridge, which is reputed to be haunted, was nearly destroyed by flooding in 2000, though it has since been restored. There have been many other developments and restorations in Caergwrle.
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An older centre is located along Pilgrims Way, which loops onto Bristol Road and features an old stone packhorse bridge—now pedestrianised—and a 1950s Irish bridge, used as a ford in winter. The bridge is wide and has parapets. Houses line both of these roads, with residential cul-de-sacs and lanes extending from them. Chew Stoke is approximately south of Bristol, from Bath, and from Keynsham.
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River Frome The packhorse bridge over the Frome was extensively overhauled in 1692 by John Ducey of Tellisford and is a Grade II listed building. The cobbled roadway is wide and the bridge has a total span of in three segmental arches. There is a weir, and an Environment Agency monitoring station on the river 600m north of the village. Tellisford Mill is a water mill recently converted to hydroelectric generation.
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The Gallox Bridge in Dunster, Somerset, England dates from the 15th century. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building and scheduled monument. The bridge is in the guardianship of English Heritage. The stone packhorse bridge crosses the River Avill at the southern end of the village, below Dunster Castle at a point which may have been the limit of tidal flow during the medieval period.
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The area was once woodland but this was largely cleared, allowing for sheep farming, although the soil was not good enough for arable farming. The village lies on the line of a Roman road from Buxton (Aqua Arnemetia) to Glossop (Ardotalia). It is also on an important former packhorse route between Cheshire and Yorkshire. The village provided refuge for traders travelling from Castleton and Edale to Marple, Glossop and Stockport.
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Street in Hampsthwaite Packhorse bridge in Hampsthwaite Church of St Thomas a'Becket from Hampsthwaite Bridge Hampsthwaite is a large village and civil parish in Nidderdale in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the south bank of the River Nidd north west of Harrogate. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 1,083. The centre of the village is designated as a Conservation Area.
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Portrait Throughout its history, the Nordlandshest/Lyngshest has been versatile, with uses that include farm work and horse transport. Nowadays it is popular as a family pet due to its relative great strength, and its suitability for both riding and driving. Thanks to its strength and endurance, the breed is suitable for trail riding and serving as packhorse. Its smooth gaits make it well-suited for therapy riding.
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The bridge which dates from 1734 was going to be inundated by the waters of the Morehall Reservoir which was under construction at the time, Joseph Dixon paid for the bridge to be dismantled and moved, it is now a Grade II listed building. Images of England Gives details of packhorse bridge. In 1971 ownership of the park passed to Sheffield City Council.Information board at Park Gives some History.
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Bow Bridge is a 15th-century packhorse bridge over the River Brue in Plox, Bruton, Somerset, England. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building, and Scheduled Ancient Monument. The bridge may have been built as a link between the former Bruton Abbey, and its courthouse in the High Street. On the parapet on the western side of the bridge the remains of a carved shield can still be seen.
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There is a disused quarry at the foot of Coombs Dale. Black Harry Gate is at the head of the dale, leading onto Black Harry Lane (an old packhorse route across the moorland). In the early 18th century, a notorious highwayman called Black Harry ambushed and robbed travellers crossing the local moors. He was finally caught by the Castleton constabulary and was hanged, drawn and quartered on the Gallows Tree at nearby Wardlow Mires.
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In modern times, Three Shire Heads is a landmark on various walking routes in this part of the moorlands.For example, see books by Graham Wilson.Christian Rambling Club report for May 2007, AGM at Gradbach MillPoynton Ramblers, June 25Peak District Walking The packhorse bridge and the waterfalls as the River Dane flows southwards are very picturesque,ePHOTOzine page including Three Shire Heads amongst photos for votes for ranking. and frequently feature on calendars.
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The River Aller is a small river on Exmoor in Somerset, England. It rises as several small streams around Tivington and Huntscott and flows through the Holnicote Estate passing Holnicote and through Allerford, where it passes under a packhorse bridge of medieval origin. It then joins the River Horner, which flows into Porlock Bay near Hurlstone Point on the Bristol Channel. Because of the surrounding geology the area has been at risk of flooding.
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According to Prine, property theft and murder were common. Prine noted that this problem was solved by lynching thieves and murderers.Coonc, Elizabeth Ann, "Reminiscences of a Pioneer Woman", The Washington Historical Quarterly (Volume VIII, Number 1), Washington University State Historical Society, Tacoma, Washington, January 1917, p. 19. In 1871, the Prine post office was established. Later that year, Prine sold his Crooked River property and businesses to Monroe Hodges for $25 and a packhorse.
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Flash is the main village in Quarnford Parish. It lies just off the A53 main road about 4 miles southwest of Buxton. It is on the southern slope of the highest ground on Axe Edge Moor, which rises to a peak of . The parish forms the Staffordshire corner of Three Shire Head, a tripoint marked by a packhorse bridge on a tributary of the River Dane, where Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Cheshire meet.
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At the time of the Conquest the land was held by Dreng, which is a Nordic name. During medieval times, an important east-west droving route used to move sheep between winter pastures around Fountains Abbey and summer pastures around Malham, crossed the Hebden Beck at Hebden.Raistrick (1976), p. 5. It broadly followed the line of the North Craven Fault avoiding the moorland peat bogs, and became a busy packhorse route for traders.
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Walna Scar can be climbed from Coniston or from the Duddon Valley. Both routes meet at the top pass of the Walna Scar Road, a restricted byway, and then head south to the summit. Walna Scar road was an old packhorse route,H Davies, A Walk Around the Lakes (London 1989) p. 63 termed by Wainwright “the ancient highway over Walna Scar”,A Wainwright, Wainwright in the Valleys of Lakeland (London 1996) p.
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Among the remains in the graveyard of St James Church, a small 18th-century chapel, are the unmarked graves of navvies who died during the construction of the tunnels. Adjoining the church is Bleak House, a Grade-II-listed 19th-century dwelling. Two miles to the east, the Lady Cross marks the highest point of the former packhorse road from Longdendale to Rotherham. Only its base and the bottom of the shaft survive.
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Elliott, along with his brothers, was a football player at Harvard University and at the Multnomah Athletic Club in his younger years. He was also a good horseman and polo player in Oregon. He was a keen fly fisherman and keen duck and quail hunter and excellent shot both with a shotgun, rifle and revolver. He and his wife took their family on camping trips with packhorse trains in the Oregon mountains.
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About a mile on from the locks heading towards Leeds is Foulridge Tunnel known locally as the "Mile Tunnel". The packhorse bridge near Higherford Mill is the oldest in Barrowford, dating back to the end of the 16th century. It formerly lay on the old main road to Gisburn, which was superseded by the Turnpike road built in 1804. In September 2006, this mill was featured on the programme by BBC, Restoration.
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He was on horseback, followed by his servant and baggage. The land between Sheffield and Tuxford was in those days unenclosed and the roads were little more than packhorse tracks. White lost his way in the darkness, but stumbled upon an ancient moated house, which had formerly been a priory. The house was owned by Richard Taylor, a captain in the Nottinghamshire Militia, MP for East Retford and lately High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire.
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The Fell Pony was originally used as a packhorse, carrying slate and lead, copper, and iron ores. They were also used for light agriculture and the transportation of bulky farm goods such as wool. With their sturdy bodies, strong legs, and equable disposition, and being good, fast walkers, they would travel up to a week. They were favoured by the Vikings as packhorses, as well as for ploughing, riding, and pulling sledges.
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The current Moscar Cross (also known as "Humblestone Cross"; ), is a guide stoop erected in the 18th century, at a parish boundary and packhorse track junction. It is thought a cross existed at the point during earlier periods. The name 'Moscar' is thought to derive from to 'moss' (mos) and 'carr' (kjarr) both referring to marshy areas. Moscar Cross has been claimed as the location of 'Whitcross' in Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre.
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Bass kills several of the scalphunters by starting a rock slide in the mountains. Then he contaminates the water of a nearby creek with locoweed, a toxic plant that causes the scalphunters' horses to run and buck wildly after they drink the water. They send Lee as a go-between to Bass, telling him he can keep the furs. A wary Bass comes down to collect the lone packhorse, but is ambushed by Howie.
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Stage 2 is a linear route from Castleton Station to Egton Bridge Station (on the Esk Valley railway line). The stage follows bridleways and footpaths to Danby, then a country lane to the landmark Danby Beacon. A moorland footpath gives access to more paths to Lealholm, then the railway accompanies walkers closely to Glaisdale. A final stretch along a paved packhorse trod rises high above the Esk en route to Egton Bridge.
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The river runs from Wastwater lake to the Irish Sea. There are three bridges over the river in the parish; the main bridge is in Holmrook which takes the A595 road over the river. The Cumbrian Coast Line railway crosses the River Irt at the head of the tidal estuary where the Irt joins the River Mite at Ravenglass. There is an old small packhorse bridge in the Drigg Holmes which does not take vehicles.
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Reserves may also be located on many roadways that are not the typical wide TSRs. The travelling stock are driven by a drover and stockmen using Australian Stock Horses or vehicles. Other working animals include working dogs such as Kelpies, or their crosses which have been bred for working sheep and cattle. The stockman may also be accompanied by a packhorse, carrying supplies and equipment, or a wagon with supplies might follow the stock.
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In 1494, an illegitimate son of the family, Dr John Talbot, was appointed vicar of Glossop. He founded a school, and paved the packhorse route over the moors; this is known as Doctor's Gate. At the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1537 the manor of Glossop was given to the Talbot family. In 1606 it came into the ownership of the Howard family, the Dukes of Norfolk, who held it for the next 300 years.
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In the Middle Ages the area was used for archery practice. It was later developed as a transport route for clay excavated from sites in Chudleigh Knighton, Preston and Kingsteignton areas, which were in full production from the 1700s. Clay was initially transported from the pits by packhorse to the nearest port; Teignmouth. However, in 1843 Lord Clifford, owner of the Hackney Marshes land, developed the Hackney Canal between the hamlet of Hackney and Newton Abbot.
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The Manchester to Blackburn packhorse route passed through the town (hence the name Blackburn Street). The bridge across the Irwell was likely first erected during the late Medieval period at the site of a ford. An Act of Parliament in 1754 authorised the first turnpike through the hamlet of Radcliffe Bridge, and included Manchester to Bury via Crumpsall, and from Prestwich to Radcliffe. An Act of 1821 created a turnpike from Bury to Radcliffe, Stoneclough and Bolton.
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Librarians were also seen as educators, bringing new ideas into isolated areas. In order to do so, librarians had to deal with their community's suspicion of strangers and deal with a "hostility toward any outside influence". The librarians managed to overcome the attitude to such a degree that one family was reported as refusing to move to a new county because it lacked a packhorse library service. The project ended in 1943, when the WPA stopped funding the program.
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The field design is a grape vine trellis. The border, thought to represent human progression from a wild state to civilisation,Levey & King 1993, p. 16 depicts a variety of country pursuits set against a pastoral landscape, described as "perhaps the finest range of genre scenes to come down to us from Elizabethan times". A manor house, shepherd, travelling vendor with his packhorse, lords and ladies, hunting scenes, milkmaids, millers, water mills and windmills are all shown.
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Ell had envisaged four roadhouses being built, and three were completed before Ell's death in 1934. These were Sign of the Kiwi, Sign of the Bellbird and Sign of the Packhorse. However, Ell wished the Takahe to be a more substantial structure and spent years studying design of English Manors, castles and inns, to be incorporated into the final construction of the Takahe. Indeed, the dining room is an exact replica of the historic Haddon Hall in Derbyshire.
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Sidford is a small village in the civil parish of and on the outskirts of the town of Sidmouth in the English county of Devon. It has a population of just over 2100 people according to the 2001 Census. It is on the River Sid, which runs for four miles into Lyme Bay at Sidmouth. There is a 12th-century packhorse bridge over the river that was the site of a 1644 skirmish in the English Civil War.
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Legged Squad Support System, conceptual design The Legged Squad Support System (LS3) was a DARPA project for a legged robot which could function autonomously as a packhorse for a squad of soldiers or marines. Like BigDog, its quadruped predecessor, the LS3 was ruggedized for military use, with the ability to operate in hot, cold, wet, and dirty environments. The LS3 was put into storage in late 2015.Marine Corps Shelves Futuristic Robo-Mule Due to Noise Concerns - Military.
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The four principal ironworks at Merthyr Tydfil were Dowlais (built 1759), Plymouth (built 1763), Cyfarthfa (built 1765) and Penydarren (built 1784). Initially the output of these ironworks was carried by packhorse or on carts 25 miles to Cardiff. In 1794 Cyfarthfa works was linked to Cardiff by the Glamorganshire Canal, the other three ironworks were linked to it by tramways. Richard Crawshay of Cyfarthfa Ironworks held the controlling interest in the canal company and claimed preferential treatment.
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Watercolour artist Thomas Frederick Worrall, who lived in nearby Pecket Well, depicted the mills in around 1900. Includes a copy of a Worrall painting of Hebden Bridge. Drainage of the marshland, which covered much of the Upper Calder Valley before the Industrial Revolution, enabled construction of the road which runs through the valley. Before it was built, travel was only possible via the ancient packhorse route which ran along the hilltop, dropping into the valleys wherever necessary.
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The earliest routes around Rochdale were tracks and packhorse routes and a paved track over Blackstone Edge into Yorkshire that had Roman origins. As trade increased the Blacksone Edge turnpike road was built in 1735. The M62 motorway to the south of the town is accessed via the A627(M), which starts at Sandbrook Park in Rochdale and runs to Elk Mill in Chadderton. The A627(M) provides drivers a quick access to the M62 and to Oldham.
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5 On September 19, 1903, he printed the first newspaper in the new settlement: Volume I, Issue I of the Weekly Fairbanks News. Little is known about Hill's operation, but he likely used either a Washington Hand Press or an "Army" press — both were small machines designed for transport on a single packhorse or pack mule.Solka and Bremer, p. 7 Single copies of the first editions of the paper were $0.25 each, or $10 for a year's subscription.
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In England, before canals, and before the turnpikes, the only way to transport goods such as calicos, broadcloth or cotton-wool was by packhorse. Strings of packhorses travelled along a network of bridle paths. A merchant would be away from home most of the year, carrying his takings in cash in his saddlebag. Later a series of chapmen would work for the merchant, taking wares to wholesalers and clients in other towns, with them would go sample books.
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Long Causeway descends Stanage Edge Long Causeway or Long Causey was a Medieval packhorse route in England, which ran between Sheffield in South Yorkshire and Hathersage in Derbyshire. In the past the route has been marked on maps as a Roman Road as it was believed it followed part of the route of Batham Gate between Templeborough and Buxton although in recent years some scholars have cast doubt on this. Peak District.Gov Gives history, route and use.
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A track from Harrietville was cut in 1906 along a similar route to the current Bungalow Spur track and a rough shelter was built near a spring on a flat area below the treeline. The shelter was replaced by Feathertop Hut in 1912. In 1925, the Feathertop Bungalow was built, with materials and prefabricated sections transported by packhorse and sled. It had 24 guest beds and provided commercial accommodation on the mountain before being lost in the Black Friday bushfire of 1939.
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Lacock is mentioned in the Domesday Book, with a population of 160–190; with two mills and a vineyard. Lacock Abbey was founded on the manorial lands by Ela, Countess of Salisbury and established in 1232; and the village – with the manor – formed its endowment to "God and St Mary". Lacock was granted a market and developed a thriving woollen industry during the Middle Ages. Reybridge, and a packhorse ford, remained the only crossing points of the River Avon until the 18th century.
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Alford Halt on the Great Western Railway's Langport and Castle Cary Railway was opened on 21 July 1905, three weeks after the line was opened as far as Charlton Mackrell, to serve the village of Alford. A siding was opened for military goods traffic on 15 September 1940. The halt closed on 10 September 1962. The packhorse bridge over the River Alham, close to its junction with the River Brue, has a span of approximately and is medieval in origin.
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From Aylestone the canalised River Soar flows northwards to the River Trent. Southwards the Soar was too shallow for navigation, and a canal was dug from a junction with the river just north of the packhorse bridge to Market Harborough, where it connected with the Grand Junction Canal. The section from Loughborough to Aylestone and Blaby was opened in 1794, and the section to Market Harborough in 1809. A horse tram service to Grace Road was started on 7 June 1878.
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Calverley Today David Weldrake (20 December 2007) Calverley Village History The Methodist church beside Victoria Park opened in 1872. Both churches are Grade II listed buildings.Claverley Today Faith Calverley Cutting, a straight road which was intended to replace the old winding packhorse way through the woods between Carr Road in Calverley and Apperley Bridge, was cut through the local sandstone rock by 1856. It was meant to be part of a scheme to develop the area for luxurious residential purposes which, however, failed.
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Green Belt surrounding Tarvin The Cheshire Plain (sometimes known as the Cheshire Gap) is a relatively flat expanse of lowland, which supports agricultural use for dairy farming on the medium-scale pastoral fields that surround the village. Tarvin is west of a sandstone ridge that divides the Cheshire Plain. The River Gowy passes to the south-west of the village at Hockenhull Platts. There are three packhorse bridges, the Grade II Listed Roman Bridges, within an area classed as a nature reserve.
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Packhorse librarians ready to start delivering books The Pack Horse Library Project was a Works Progress Administration (WPA) program that delivered books to remote regions in the Appalachian Mountains between 1935 and 1943. Women were very involved in the project which eventually had 30 different libraries serving 100,000 people. Pack horse librarians were known by many different names including "book women," "book ladies," and "packsaddle librarians." The project helped employ around 200 people and reached around 100,000 residents in rural Kentucky.
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Viator's Bridge with Milldale village in the background. The ancient, narrow packhorse bridge at Milldale originally had no side walls so that horses with panniers could cross the bridge without being impeded. Izaak Walton, who refers to himself as "Viator", which is Latin for "traveller", wrote about it in The Compleat Angler: From this the bridge acquired the name Viator's Bridge. The bridge has been in use since the medieval period, for packhorses transporting silks and flax from nearby Wetton and Alstonefield.
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The Southern Pennines National Character Area defined by Natural England includes the West Pennine Moors and is a landscape of broad moorland, flat-topped hills and fields enclosed by dry stone walls. Settlements built from local gritstone occupy river valleys with wooded sides. Peat soils and blanket bog on the moors store carbon while high rainfall fills many reservoirs supplying water to the adjacent conurbations. The area is important for recreation having open access areas, footpaths and historic packhorse routes.
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Yew Tree Cottage Cottages on the High Street There are some well preserved 17th century and timber framed houses, some of which are listed. Outside the village, to the south-east, is the 15th-century packhorse bridge over the River Blythe and on the former route to Kenilworth. Only . wide between the low parapets, consisting of five bays with ancient stone piers having pointed cut-water faces on the west side against the flow of the stream—and square projections on the east.
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Later in 1991 the reserve acquired the trackbed of the former Stainmore railway from Smardale to Brownber from British Rail The site contains both woodland and grassland habitats and is a good example of a limestone habitat. At the south end of the valley on the border with Ravenstonedale civil parish is the 18th-century arched stone packhorse bridge known as Smardale bridge, now a Grade II listed structure. There is a small disused sandstone quarry at the south of the gill.
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Nearby is a hump-backed packhorse bridge with a single arch, probably built in the previous century, after which the river turns to the east to pass the upper and lower lakes in a channel from where it feed the lakes in the Yorkshire Sculpture Park. Bretton Hall lies to the north. The river turns south at the dam of the lower lake and passes over weirs before picking up the outflow from the lakes, after which the contour is crossed.
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Near the village of Ballasalla are the ruins of Rushen Abbey, founded in 1098, and dissolved late in the reign of Elizabeth I of England, and an ancient packhorse bridge over the Silver Burn, called the Crossag, or Monk's Bridge, too narrow for vehicles. Derbyhaven is a tiny hamlet on an isthmus, with a natural harbour, protected by a small breakwater. St. Mark's, in the north of the parish, is a small agricultural village clustered round a chapel of ease.
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Riding Mountain National Park has over of trails, with surfaces ranging from being grassy to gravelled. Backpacking trails include Ochre River Trail, South Escarpment Trail, and the Tilson Lake Trail. The Central, Baldy Lake and Strathclair trails are easy cycling trails while the Packhorse, Jet and Baldy Hill trails are more difficult On most back-country trails horse use is allowed, equipment being provided by local outfitters. During the winter months trails are open to cross-country skiing, which are not patrolled daily.
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All four houses were built of local stone, and designed to blend in with the landscape. The Sign of the Kiwi and Sign of the Takahe still function as commercial rest stops serving refreshments while the Sign of the Bellbird survives only as a shelter, but is still a useful stopping place for a picnic and the starting point for some short walks. The Sign of the Packhorse is managed by the Department of Conservation and used as a hut by trampers.
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A dragon seems to have appeared in the Revesby Ploughboys' Play in 1779, along with a "wild worm" (possibly mechanical), but it had no words. In the few instances where the dragon appears and speaks its words can be traced back to a Cornish script published by William Sandys in 1833. Weston Mummers perform at the Packhorse Inn, Southstoke on Boxing Day, 2007. Mumming groups often wear face- obscuring hats or other kinds of headgear and masks, some mummers' faces are blackened or painted.
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John Saris related that when he visited Edo in 1613, Adams had resale rights for the cargo of a Spanish ship at anchor in Uraga Bay. Adams' position gave him the means to marry Oyuki (お雪), the adopted daughter of Magome Kageyu. He was a highway official who was in charge of a packhorse exchange on one of the grand imperial roads that led out of Edo (roughly present-day Tokyo). Although Magome was important, Oyuki was not of noble birth, nor high social standing.
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Ecton Hill, near Butterton, is embedded with the remains of copper and lead mining. It was first used extensively in the mid 17th century; however, there is evidence that mining of the area took place centuries earlier. As a result of the history of mining, there are numerous packhorse routes around Butterton and Ecton Hill which were used to transport copper and lead ore from Ecton to smelting works. In 1881, the main employment was agriculture, with 51 out of 124 inhabitants in this sector (all males).
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The halt is named for a nearby lime kiln, along the course of the old packhorse road which now forms part of the Raad Ny Foillan, the island's coastal footpath. The station area is demarcated by a section of white picket fencing and has waiting shelters but no raised platform: the railway's coaches have a low enough floor level to enable access from ground level. The station became official when sign boards were erected denoting its status during 1986 when the restored railway was officially opened.
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As well as Dunster Castle, Dunster's other attractions include a priory, dovecote, yarn market, inn, packhorse bridge, mill and a stop on the West Somerset Railway. Exford lies on the River Exe. Exmoor has been the setting for several novels including the 19th century Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor by R. D. Blackmore, and Margaret Drabble's 1998 novel The Witch of Exmoor. The park was featured on the television programme Seven Natural Wonders twice, as one of the wonders of the West Country.
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The hall has a mid-16th-century cross wing of stone in a timber frame, and was re–roofed in the late 17th century, using many of the original 14th-century timbers. Many of the seemingly Tudor architectural features, such as the star–shaped chimneys, were introduced during the rebuilding of 1850. It was the home of Dorothy Vernon and John Manners. Aylestone Old Bridge A 15th-century packhorse bridge at the west end of Marsden Lane crosses the River Soar on eleven arches.
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Access was arduous - via packhorse and ski.AAC - History The Kiandra Goldrush was short-lived, but the township remained a service centre for recreational and survival skiing for over a century. The Kiandra courthouse closed as a police station in 1937, and was for a time used as a private residence, before becoming the Kiandra Chalet (until 1953) and later the Kiandra Chalet Hotel, The owner of the Chalet ran a ski rope tow. The Chalet closed in 1973 and the building became a Roads Depot building.
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The easternmost bridge with the central bridge visible beyond Hockenhull Platts consists of three bridges southwest of the village of Tarvin, Cheshire, England. They are also known as the "Packhorse Bridges" or (erroneously) the "Roman Bridges", and are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated Grade II listed buildings. The bridges are situated where Platts Lane crosses the River Gowy. An area of west of the Gowy, including the westernmost bridge, forms Hockenhull Platts Nature Reserve, managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust.
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Leigh is crossed by the Bolton to St Helens Road high road, an old packhorse route that became a turnpike road in 1762. The A579 road bypasses the town centre using the line of the Bolton and Leigh Railway. The Bridgewater Canal and the Leigh Branch of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal cross the town west to east, the canals meeting at Leigh Bridge just south of the town centre. In the 1930s the A580 "East Lancashire Road" was built crossing to the south of the town.
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A packhorse bridge dating from 1725 spans the River Avon, providing a route (now a public footpath) to Broughton Gifford. The Kennet and Avon Canal was built in the south of the parish by 1804 and fully opened in 1810. In the same year the Wilts & Berks Canal opened, having been built through the parish from its connection with the K&A; near Semington. After passing through the eastern side of Melksham town the canal continued north through the parish towards Chippenham, Swindon and Abingdon.
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A fine horse was kept in the garden aside his quarters that he might enjoy looking at. Finally ejected from Afghanistan, Stevens was accompanied back to Persia. Again, he was allowed to speed ahead of his captors so long as he stopped and waited for them occasionally. Eventually, however, the soldiers grew nervous and disassembled his bicycle, strapping the pieces to a packhorse, which later laid upon the larger wheel, breaking many spokes, the most severe damage the penny-farthing experienced upon the trip.
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Map showing tunnels beneath the Peak District The first roads constructed by the Romans may have followed existing tracks. The Roman network linked the settlements and forts of Aquae Arnemetiae (Buxton), Chesterfield, Ardotalia (Glossop) and Navio (Brough and Shatton), and beyond. Parts of the modern A515 and A53 roads south of Buxton are believed to follow the routes of Roman roads. Packhorse routes criss-crossed the Peak in the Medieval era, and some paved causeways such as the Long Causeway along Stanage Edge date from this period.
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Styhead Pass & Tarn from the Stretcher box Sty Head is a mountain pass in the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. It is at an altitude of 1,600 feet (488 m) and there is a small tarn (Styhead Tarn) near its summit. The pass is at the head of Wasdale, which contains the lake Wastwater and it passes between the mountains of Great Gable and Scafell Pike (the latter is England's highest mountain). The path from Wasdale was an old packhorse trail.
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The river continues through the villages of Middle Rasen and then West Rasen, where it is spanned by a packhorse bridge. At the hamlet of Bishopbridge the river changes character, becoming an artificial drainage channel that runs in parallel with the Ancholme. As it flows further north the river also loses its identity becoming the East Drain, when it is joined by the Kingerby Beck. The waters of the Rase and the Ancholme eventually join together near Harlam Hill, to the south of Snitterby Carr.
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The union also employs more than 50 permanent members of staff who oversee the administrative, democratic and commercial activities of the organisation. The main union building on campus includes a large function hall, two bars, the Tommy's Kitchen food outlet and its administrative offices. Elsewhere on campus, the union operates Medicine – a bar and games venue designed by the creators of the Ministry of Sound – and the campus pub The Packhorse (formerly the privately owned The Monkey's Forehead), just across the A30 from the main campus.
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Perry Bridge, also known as the Zig Zag Bridge, is a bridge over the River Tame in Perry Barr, Birmingham, England. Built in 1711, it is a Grade II listed building and a Scheduled monument. The bridge was built, in the 18th century, of red sandstone in a packhorse style. It is believed that it is the bridge built by order of the Staffordshire Quarter Sessions, held in 1709, to take the place of a 'wood horse bridge' (Perry Barr was in Staffordshire until 1928).
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The origins of modern-day Gateacre date back to at least the 12th century, to the historic townships of Much Woolton and Little Woolton. Much Woolton was centred on the nearby village of Woolton, with Little Woolton covering an almost entirely rural area adjacent to it. The area that would later become Gateacre was situated on the boundary between the two townships. The present day Halewood Road and Grange Lane approximately sit on the path of a former packhorse trail, which went from Hale to West Derby.
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Remains of the old bridge of 1717 Carrbridge's most famous landmark is the old packhorse bridge, from which the village is named. The bridge, built in 1717, is the oldest stone bridge in the Highlands. It was severely damaged in the "muckle spate" of 1829 which left it in the condition seen today. In 1847 someone wrote to the Inverness Courier giving it as an example of one of the "all but deserted [bridges of which] the most useful and picturesque ought to be preserved".
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The plucking was generally carried out by the women of the household. The plucked carcasses would be sent to market, and the feathers would be sold direct to London dealers. The market for duck meat in Aylesbury itself was small, and the ducks were generally sent to London for sale. By the 1750s Richard Pococke recorded that four cartloads of ducks were sent from Aylesbury to London every Saturday, and in the late 18th and early 19th centuries the ducks continued to be sent over the Chiltern Hills to London by packhorse or cart.
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The Kicking Horse River is in the Canadian Rockies of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The river was named in 1858, when James Hector, a member of the Palliser Expedition, reported being kicked by his packhorse while exploring the river. Hector named the river and the associated pass as a result of the incident. The Kicking Horse Pass, which connects through the Rockies to the valley of the Bow River, was the route through the mountains subsequently taken by the Canadian Pacific Railway when it was constructed during the 1880s.
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The last recorded large-scale cattle drove across Wales was in 1870,Hindle (1993), Chapter 6: Drove roads and packhorse tracks. and of sheep in 1900, although droving briefly revived during the rail strike of 1912. In Scotland, the last drove over the Corrieyairack Pass is believed to have taken place in 1906. Corrieyairack Pass had also been used by droves of cattle and sheep from the Isle of Skye; the last drove from Skye to use the pass occurred "in the closing years of the 19th century".
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After running after Preston Drive, it enters Ewell Court Park and comes above ground before running through Ewell Court Lake. As it continues through the park towards the meeting point with the Hogsmill it passes the Packhorse Bridge, which was named after the mules that regularly transported gunpowder from the mills, across the river and into a brick magazine. At its height in the mid-19th century, the gunpowder mill complex by the bridge employed 156 men. Gunpowder from Ewell is said to have been used in the American Civil War.
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The direct ascent from Ambleside is straightforward. A signpost points to Low Sweden Bridge from the centre of Ambleside; after reaching the bridge and crossing the Scandale Beck a high dry-stone wall is followed for two kilometres along the spine of the ridge to reach the summit. A visit to High Sweden Bridge may be incorporated at the start of this walk; it is a typical Cumbrian Packhorse bridge. It has no direct Scandinavian connection except that its name comes from the Norse word ‘svithinn’ which means “land cleared by burning”.
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Brislington Brook then turns in a northeast direction, passing underneath the A4 Bath Road and flowing down into Nightingale Valley in Broomhill, passing under a restored packhorse bridge. Near here, a side weir carries excess water in times of heavy rainfall into a tunnel which discharges into the Avon opposite Conham. Brislington Brook itself then resumes its northerly course and is augmented by water from St Anne's Spring before running through industrial estates in St Annes Park before joining the Avon in a culvert at the site of the former St Annes Board Mills.
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A later 16th-century bridge was widened in the 18th century and buildings were built across it. It remains one of only three bridges in England that have buildings across them; the others are the Pulteney Bridge in Bath and the High Bridge in Lincoln. Other significant bridges include that at Wallbridge in Frome, dated 1634, upstream of the Frome bridge. Downstream are Rode bridge, a turnpike bridge from around 1777; Tellisford bridge, a packhorse bridge probably from the 17th century; Iford bridge, circa 1400; and Freshford bridge, 16th century.
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31, above, quote in full the Long Causeway jingle, which starts Brunley (Burnley) for ready money As the need for cross- Pennine transportation increased, the main routes were improved, often by laying stone setts parallel to the horse track, at a distance of a cartwheel. They remained difficult in poor weather, the Reddyshore Scoutgate was "notoriously difficult", and became insufficient for a developing commercial and industrial economy. In the 18th century, canals started to be built in England and, following the Turnpike Act 1773, metalled roads. They made the ancient packhorse routes obsolete.
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The business was primarily packhorse based, using strings of animals who could pick their way over difficult terrain that was often impassable to horse drawn wagons. After his father's death in 1796 Hargreaves conducted business together with his mother. The business started to change in 1808 when Hargreaves started to use the Lancaster Canal to transport goods to the North. By 1818 Hargreaves was transporting goods from New Market St, Bolton "to Preston and all parts of the North; also to Bolton, Manchester, Bury, Rochdale, Leeds and all parts of Yorkshire".
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The village is located just off the A39 and its population was 159 in 2001. The parish of Brendon is roughly square in shape and is defined by the East Lyn River to the north, the Hoaroak Water to the west and the Badgworthy Water to the east; a tributary of the latter, the Hoccombe Water defines part of its southern boundary. Brendon Common occupies a part of the moorland area which characterises the south of the parish. Badgeworthy Water is crossed by the 17th century packhorse Malmsmead Bridge.
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The route passed through the Vrhovine highlands from Prnjavor via Čečava, Klupe (Borja), Maslovare and Skender Vakuf to Baljvine and from there to the entire Bosanska Krajina region. This route was used by many groups, including the "people's government" and military delegations. It was especially useful for units of the 11th Krajina Division of the Partisans, who used it as a message stop. It was used for transport by packhorse of food and livestock, donated by the people of the župa (district) to aid partisan units and others in Bosanska Krajina.
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Scandale Beck arises in Lake District National Park on Bakestones Moss, west of Kirkstone Pass, and flows south for much of its length of six and a half kilometers. It flows under High Sweden Bridge, a 17th-century packhorse bridge, past High Sweden Coppice and Low Sweden Coppice, before turning west for a short distance north of Papermill Coppice, and turning south to join the River Rothay east of Ambleside. The Rothay flows only a short distance south before emptying into Windermere, the largest natural lake in England.
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The River Nidd provided water for the mill, and although sluice gates and a mill race exist, the water wheel no longer turns--an existing weir provides the mill with a head of water. The mill race rejoins the river downstream. About upstream is a packhorse bridge. A mill race on the Nidd at Birstwith Site of Birstwith station, 1976 The local public house is the Station Hotel which acts as a meeting place, and venue for organised charity events such as the Birstwith Coast 2 Coast Cycle Challenge.
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Salendine Nook is an area of Huddersfield in West Yorkshire, England. It is to the north-west of central Huddersfield, and is bordered to the north-east by Laund Hill, Weather Hill and Low Hill and to the south-west by the natural scar of Longwood Edge, above the suburb of Longwood. Longwood Edge affords a panoramic view across the Colne Valley to Crosland Moor on the other side. Salendine Nook lies between Quarmby and Outlane on a tributary to the textile industries' Packhorse road across the Pennines.
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Anglo-Saxon and Viking Derbyshire, Richard Bunting, Wye Valley Press (April 1993), These settlements became permanent, and Thorpe is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. Viator's Bridge, a packhorse bridge in Milldale has been in use since the medieval period when silks and flax were transported from nearby Wetton and Alstonefield. Tourism started in the 18th century, and Dovedale is now one of the most visited natural tourist sites in Britain. In July 2014 it was announced that a hoard of Late Iron Age and Roman coins has been discovered in Reynard's Kitchen Cave.
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Pont Minllyn (also known as Pont-y-Ffinant or Pontrusk Bridge) is a bridge spanning the Afon Dyfi, north of the village of Mallwyd, in Gwynedd, Wales. It was built by John Davies, rector of Mallwyd between 1603 and 1644 and a famed Welsh scholar who wrote a Welsh grammar and worked on early Welsh translations of the Bible and the Book of Common Prayer. Pont Minllyn was designed as a packhorse bridge to facilitate the transportation of goods. It is a Grade II listed building and a Scheduled monument.
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Yorkshire Bridge is a small hamlet at near the Ladybower Reservoir dam in the English county of Derbyshire. Administratively the area forms part of the civil parish of Bamford and the district of High Peak. The people who built the Ladybower Dam wall lived in the houses at Yorkshire Bridge. Yorkshire Bridge The settlement is named after a packhorse bridge, which crosses the River Derwent to the south of the dam of the Ladybower Reservoir from which the river has emerged and north of the village of Thornhill.
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Huddersfield has a large and diverse retail shopping area, enclosed within the town's ring road, compared with other towns of its size. There are three shopping areas: Kingsgate, The Packhorse Precinct and The Piazza Centre. The Piazza offers an outdoor shopping mall near the public library, with a grassed area, used for relaxation and events throughout the year such as entertainment, international markets and iceskating in winter. Through the adjacent Market Arcade is a covered market hall, which has listed building status, due in part to its distinctive roof formed by hyperbolic paraboloids.
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Standedge Tunnel Peel Street with the Mechanics Institute Several generations of tracks and roads have crossed the moors near Marsden. Mellor Bridge by the church, and Close Gate Bridge at the edge of the moor to the east of the village are both packhorse bridges. The A62 road between Huddersfield and Oldham passes through the village and the Standedge cutting some 2.5 miles (4 km) to the west. The road between Oldham and Huddersfield, in particular the stretch between Marsden and Diggle was named the fourth dangerous road in Britain in 2003-2005.
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There has been a church at Stow since the 7th century, but the earliest example still visible today was built in the late 15th century on the site of the Church of St Mary which was consecrated on 3 November 1242. The church used today, St Mary of Wedale, was built in 1876 and features a 140 foot high clock tower. Our Lady's Well is situated south of the village and was rebuilt in 2000. A rare example of a packhorse bridge, built in the 1650s, can be found in Stow.
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Haweswater Beck flows through Cumbria in England. It arises as a stream discharge from Haweswater Reservoir, at Gill Dubs, just east of the dam, and flows eastward, just north of Firth Woods, and then turns north to join the River Lowther between Bampton and Bampton Grange. Below Burnbanks near the Haweswater Dam it is crossed by Naddle Old Bridge (a disused Grade II listed 18th-century road bridge) and a little further downstream (at ) by Park Bridge, a packhorse bridge. Between these bridges the stream is followed by the Coast to Coast Walk.
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The Mawson Arms, briefly the home of the poet Alexander Pope There are several historic public houses in Chiswick, some of them listed buildings, including the Mawson Arms, the George and Devonshire, the Old Packhorse and The Tabard in Bath Road near Turnham Green station. The Tabard is known for its William Morris interior and its Norman Shaw exterior; it was built in 1880. Three more pubs are in Strand-on-the-Green, fronting on to the Thames river path. Chiswick had two well-known theatres in the 20th century.
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He begins to win her favor, by doing her hair and telling her fortune, hoping she will persuade Howie to take him with them to Mexico (where slavery is illegal), rather than sell him. Bass pins them down with sniper fire, forcing them to let loose the packhorse carrying the furs. He is ambushed, however, and the scalphunters recover the furs and proceed on their way. Approaching their camp at night, Bass tries to persuade Lee to help him, but the slave is now set on going to Mexico and refuses him assistance.
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Some of the oldest, particularly on Exmoor and the Quantock Hills are Neolithic, Bronze Age or Iron Age including hillforts, cairns, bowl barrows and other tumulis. More recent sites include several motte-and-bailey castles and church or village crosses which date from the Middle Ages. The geography with large numbers of streams is reflected by the number of packhorse and other bridges included in the list. The mining history of the area is also represented by several sections of the West Somerset Mineral Railway and associated ruins of mine buildings which are now scheduled.
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The second were carriers from nearby Iida, hired by merchants there to bring produce to the town. Finally, there were groups of independent traders who purchased, transported and sold goods on their own initiative. In the late seventeenth century, representatives from all three of these groups founded the chuma nakama, a semi-formal trade association, to promote the interests of packhorse operators and resist the attacks of the official post-station system. Legalised by the authorities in 1673, by 1764 chuma was sufficiently lucrative that the shogunate introduced specific legislation to regulate it.
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The site overlooks the Cam brook and the restored remains of the Somerset Coal Canal as well as the viaduct built in 1908 that carried the Somerset & Dorset Railway line across the valley. To the east of Midford village along the restored canal bed and towpath is Packhorse bridge, now closed to foot traffic but still intact. Further along the towpath is the fully restored Midford Aqueduct. A lottery grant and other funding was made available to local volunteers and building professionals who completed the work in 2001 at a cost of £1,000,000.
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Bugbrooke Mill The village, named in the Domesday Book of 1086 AD as "Buchebroc", is situated on the Hoarestone Brook, which flows through the village from south to north. The name of the stream is supposed to be a corruption of Horse-stone, as an old packhorse route crossed the brook by a simple slab bridge just outside the village. When the stream was widened in the 1970s, the last of the mediaeval slabs was damaged beyond repair, but the pillars are still intact. The brook meets the River Nene near Bugbrooke Mill.
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Her monograph in Pergamon Press's Language Teaching Methodology series, The Forgotten Third Skill: Reading a Foreign Language, was published in 1981. She was said to have "pioneered the teaching of French to primary school children". Later, the couple retired to London, and she wrote a book about her wartime experiences, A Packhorse Called Rachel, published in 2007 by Grosvenor House. The Interpreter, published by CreateSpace in 2014, resulted from her research into the activities of a Nazi officer, "Frank von Heugen", who used his language skills to become an Allied informer.
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The route was used extensively in the Middle Ages by traders bringing salt to Yorkshire from the Cheshire salt mines by packhorse. By the 18th century carts had replaced many of the packhorses and were transporting many goods including, oil, hardware good, barrels of tar, hogsheads of treacle, glue from Manchester, lead and small grinding stones. Traffic on Long Causeway started to decline around 1760 after the opening of an alternative route to the Hope Valley via Ringinglow."Historic Hallamshire", David Hey, Landmark Publishing, , Pages 13, 98 & 102 Gives historical details of route and goods.
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Further south, Cod Beck is crossed again on South Moor Lane by Town End Bridge, another 17th-century packhorse bridge, also Grade II Listed. An artificial mound known as Pudding Pie Hill is on the east bank of Cod Beck, just off Blakey Lane. This was partially excavated in 1855 (by Lady Frankland Russell) and was found to be a sepulchral tumulus of a type known as a bowl barrow. The remains of a Saxon warrior and two other skeletons were discovered, along with cremated bones, various artefacts and coins.
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The Dinorwic slate quarry was purchased in 1809 by a group of investors led by Thomas Assheton-Smith and a significant expansion was started. Better transportation to the coast was required to handle the new production levels. Until 1812 slate for sale beyond the locality was sent by packhorse ("hampers on horeseback") then sometimes by boat across Llyn Padarn then by cart to Caernarfon to be forwarded by sea. This slow, labour-intensive process could cost more and take longer for the seven miles from quarry to shore than from Caernarfon to Liverpool.
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From the 15th to 19th century Ringsend was a very strategic disembarking point for ships entering Dublin. Areas of deep water off Ringsend Point were used as staging places where goods were trans-shipped for transport by light boat from here to the city. In 1640 the first Ringsend Bridge over the Dodder was built so that Ringsend and Dublin were linked by road and goods could be transported by packhorse to the city. The English name "Ringsend" is a corruption of "Rinn-abhann", which in the Irish language means "the end point of the tide" - the end spit of the land.
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Rhys Jones surveys the River Derwent from the air and highlights its formative role in Britain's Industrial Revolution. He then views a limestone pavement at Malham Cove, whose cliff wall allows him to practise the art of yodelling, before descending into the Derbyshire caves — specifically Giant's Hole. The packhorse trails enabled the transport of goods but Rhys Jones' attempt at riding the Pennine Bridleway is not entirely successful. He visits England's highest pub as it plays host to a latter-day War of the Roses in the form of a ladies' darts match between Lancashire and Yorkshire.
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A section of the abandoned road This section of the road was first constructed in 1819 by the Sheffield & Chapel-en-le-Frith Turnpike Company using spoil from the nearby Odin Mine. It replaced a much earlier, ancient packhorse route, running through the Winnats Pass. Also known locally as "The New Road", the new section was set at an easier gradient than the earlier Winnats Pass route and crossed the Mam Tor landslide. As a result of further movement of the Mam Tor landslip, major road works were required in 1912, 1933, 1946, 1952 and 1966.
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Weetshaw Lane, travelling west away from Shafton, the name changed to Salter's Lane. This is one of many roads and ways in the area with Salter in their title.Packhorses, packmen, carriers and packhorse roads: trade and communications in North Derbyshire and South Yorkshire, David Hey, 1980, Leicester University Press, p17 This name was still in use for the lane at the western end of the North Field of Cudworth and on towards Carlton at least as late as the 1880s as it was recorded on the 1st and 1st revisions of the County Series Ordnance Survey maps of that era.
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The River Esk has several notable and listed bridges on its stretch. From upstream to downstream they are; Beggars Bridge at Glaisdale (a high-arched packhorse bridge built in the 17th century), the Bowstring road bridge at Ruswarp, Larpool Viaduct between Ruswarp and Whitby, the A171 road bridge and the swing bridge in Whitby town. Many of the bridges in the valley had to be rebuilt after floods in 1828, 1880 and 1930. The present bowstring bridge in Ruswarp dates from 1933 when Cleveland Bridge company opened up a new bridge to replace one swept away in 1930.
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The shrine is still regularly used for private acts of devotion, intercession and remembrance. The rhododendrons planted by the Grimshawes have flourished and now have to be strictly managed. Goyt's Bridge and much of the farmland of the estate is now submerged under the waters of the Errwood Reservoir, though the old packhorse bridge after which the hamlet was named was relocated further up the valley. Errwood Reservoir The hall and the surrounding area is one of the most visited parts of the Peak National Park, and is the starting point for many popular walks in the upper Goyt Valley.
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Before the Barnsley and Shepley Lane Head Turnpike was built, this small hamlet was situated on the packhorse route from Penistone to Huddersfield. Merchants would travel from Penistone, through Thurlstone, along Broadstones Road and Dearne Dike Lane to Five Lane Ends, down Piper Wells Road, Cross Lane and Carr Lane, before turning down the long drive into Shepley Carr. The route would then follow the fields (before they were enclosed), past the Shepley War Memorial, and into the village. The travellers would then head out towards Stocksmoor and Farnley Tyas through Stones Wood (where Devil worship once took place).
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The river continues to the south of Thropton where Wreigh Burn joins from the north, and passes through Rothbury, where a bridge dating from the 16th century crosses it. Built as a packhorse bridge, it was made wider in 1759 by William Oliphant, a mason from Rothbury, to accommodate vehicles, and was further widened in the 20th century, when the parapets were removed and a concrete deck constructed on top of the original structure. Unlike many bridges, the earlier phases have not been concealed by later work. It is a scheduled monument and a grade II listed structure.
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The fell can be ascended from Grasmere or Dunmail Raise although a start from Patterdale is quite feasible. The Grasmere or Patterdale starts use the old packhorse route that links the two places; this is now part of Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk. When Grisedale Hause is reached it is a steep climb to the summit following a broken wall. The ascent from Dunmail Raise follows the bed of Raise Beck until it peters out at a height of 580 m (1,900 ft); it is then a walk south up easy slopes to reach the summit.
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Although neighbouring areas such as Merthyr and Aberdare had already sunk coal mines, it was not until Walter Coffin initiated the Dinas Lower Colliery in 1812 that coal was exported from the Rhondda Valleys on any commercial scale. This was originally taken by packhorse, before the extension of Dr. Griffiths' private tramline, to Pontypridd and then by the Glamorganshire Canal to the port at Cardiff. The lack of transportation links was one of the main problems that curtailed exploitation of the Rhondda Valley coalfields, along with the belief that they lay too deep for economic working.John (1980), p. 182.
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Other sites of religious significance include Cleeve Abbey which was founded by William de Roumare, Earl of Lincoln in a grant of 1191, on land he had been given by king Æthelred the Unready. The geography with large numbers of streams is reflected by the number of packhorse, such as Gallox Bridge and Robber's Bridge, included in the list. The mining history of the area is also represented by several sections of the West Somerset Mineral Railway and associated ruins of mine buildings which are now scheduled. The most recent monuments are World War II pillboxes.
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On 5 Nov. following he was elected treasurer of the hospital,Notes and Queries, 7th ser. vii. 422, 423 and served the office of president from 1586 to 1591.Remembrancia, p. 156n On 7 July 1573 he was elected alderman of Castle Baynard Ward, removing to Candlewick Ward on 10 July 1576. He became Sheriff of the City of London on 1 August 1575, and was chosen Lord Mayor on 29 September 1583. On 14 December he asked Francis Walsingham to prevent carriers travelling in the suburbs of London by packhorse or cart on the sabbath-day.Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1581-90, p.
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Such a treatment, especially when birds and beasts are introduced, has the highest decorative effect. But, as such close treatment is bound to do, it depends for success to some extent upon its scheme of color. A long panel in the Victoria and Albert Museum, depicting merchants with their packhorse, strongly resembles in its grouping and treatment Gothic work of the 15th century, as for example the panel of St Hubert in the museum at Châlons. The strength and character of Japanese figure work is quite equal to the best Gothic sculpture of the 15th century.
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The clay was extracted by simply digging out the lumps on courses — rather like peat cutting. The bulky clay was transported by packhorse to Hackney Quay at Kingsteignton, then loaded onto barges for shipment down the Teign Estuary, where it was transferred to small ships bound for Liverpool and other ports. Towards the end of the 18th century, the ball- clay industry was steadily expanding. A local landowner, James Templer, built the Stover Canal in 1792 to help ship clay along the canal and the Teign Estuary from the Bovey Basin to the port of Teignmouth.
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The area to the north of the River Teign, particularly near to Chudleigh Knighton, Kingsteignton and Preston, was an important source of ball clay in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Most of the extraction sites were owned by Lord Clifford, who lived at Ugbrooke House. The clay was taken to Hackney Clay Cellars for drying, and was then transferred to Teignmouth by packhorse, where it was loaded into coasters for delivery to the pottery industry. The situation was far from ideal, particularly as the Teignmouth moorings were tidal, and the high tidal range made loading difficult.
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The River Kinder ( ) is a small river, only about long, in northwestern Derbyshire, England. Rising on the peat moorland plateau of Kinder Scout, it flows generally westwards to its confluence with the River Sett at Bowden Bridge (a Grade II listed packhorse bridge). En route it flows through the Kinder Gates rocks, over the waterfall known as Kinder Downfall, and through Kinder Reservoir, built in 1903–12 by the Stockport Corporation Water Works. Until the 19th century at least, the name was formerly also applied to the River Sett as far as its confluence with the River Goyt in New Mills.
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Haflingers pulling a carriage in northern Austria Haflingers were bred to be versatile enough for many under-saddle disciplines, but still solid enough for draft and driving work. The Haflinger was originally developed to work in the mountainous regions of its native land, where it was used as a packhorse and for forestry and agricultural work. In the late 20th century Haflingers were used by the Indian Army in an attempt to breed pack animals for mountainous terrain, but the program was unsuccessful because of the Haflinger's inability to withstand the desert heat.Edwards, The Encyclopedia of the Horse, p.
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The editor surmises (p.99a) that the use of Etherow "has been strengthened by the necessity of the localisation of this portion of the river, in consequence of its having been adopted by the Manchester Corporation for its water supply". Lady Shaw Bridge A packhorse route (known as a saltway) was maintained from the Middle Ages onwards to allow the export of salt from the Cheshire towns of Nantwich, Northwich and Middlewich across the Pennines. The saltway followed the Etherow to Ladyshaw, and at Salters Brook () it forked, with one route leading to Wakefield and another to Barnsley.
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Derwent slowly disappearing below the water as the reservoir was filled in 1946 The building of the reservoir resulted in the submergence of the villages of Ashopton and Derwent, including Derwent Woodlands church and Derwent Hall. Ashopton stood roughly where the road to the Snake Pass met the Snake valley. The buildings in Ashopton were demolished before the reservoir was filled, but much of the structure of Derwent village was still visible during a dry summer some 14 years later. The narrow stone Packhorse Bridge over the Derwent was removed and rebuilt at the head of the Howden reservoir.
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The cavalry horse required docility, courage, speed, and athletic ability, as it carried the rider into battle. The infantryman’s horse was used as a means of transport from one point to another, for example, from camp to a battle ground, where the horses were kept back from the fighting. Heavier animals were selected and used for draught and packhorse duties.Barrie, Douglas M., The Australian Bloodhorse, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1956 Most of the early Walers carried a fair percentage of Thoroughbred blood, with some recorded as race winners and a few being registered in the Australian Stud Book.
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Originally, Bell Busk was on the packhorse route between Skipton and Settle, which meant the road veered off at Coniston Cold, whereas this now goes directly west towards Hellifield as the A65 road. The junction and road leading up to Bell Busk from Coniston Cold is narrow and can cause access problems. The hamlet had a railway station on the "Little" North Western Railway between and . As it was the nearest station to Malham Cove and Malhamdale, it took on a far greater importance than other settlements in the dale due to it being a disembarkation point for travellers.
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Lady Shaw Bridge A packhorse route called a saltway was maintained from the Middle Ages onwards for the purpose of allowing the export of salt from the Cheshire wiches of Nantwich, Northwich and Middlewich across the Pennines. The passing trade brought prosperity to settlements along the route. The importance of the salt trade along such saltways is shown by surviving placenames; for example Salter's Brook () is where the saltway forked, with one route leading to Wakefield and another to Barnsley. The stone Lady Shaw Bridge still exists at this point, as do the ruins of an old inn.
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The road is so- named given it runs along the edge of West Derby, parallel with the division between Wavertree, whilst Edge Hill takes its name directly from the road. The first records of Edge Lane are from 1539, when it was identified as a packhorse track to Prescot. Heavy traffic of coal resulted in the Prescot section of the road falling into a state of disrepair, as noted by the first Act of Parliament dealing with the highway in 1745. The oldest surviving house is 115 Edge Lane, also known as Adelaide House, a Grade II listed building.
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He rarely left the farm, and could only bring in from the outside what he could carry on his back and packhorse over a difficult mountainous trail, which took at least two days to traverse. Edwards named the farm "The Birches". In 1917, he enlisted with the United States Army as a radio operator, and fought in World War I with the Fourth Division's 8th Field Signal Battalion, serving at the Battle of Château-Thierry and later with occupation forces on the Rhine. He was discharged nine months after the armistice, and returned to The Birches.
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Trumpeter swans at WWT London Wetland Centre, England When Edwards first arrived, Lonesome Lake was home to a gaggle of trumpeter swan refugees, a species facing extinction due to over-hunting in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The lake's remoteness offered the swans safety, but at the cost of starvation during severe winters. In 1925, the Canadian government enlisted Edwards' help to feed the swans during winter. Over the years, a number of family members took on the task – first Ralph, then Stan, John, and Trudy – using sacks of corn which were hauled in by packhorse.
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A preserved Cobb & Co Australian Royal Mail Coach with Concord mud-coach undercarriage Australia's first mail coach was established in 1828 and was crucial in connecting the remote settlements being established to the larger centres. The first mail contracts were issued and mail was transported by coach or on horseback from Sydney to the first seven country post offices – Penrith, Parramatta, Liverpool, Windsor, Campbelltown, Newcastle and Bathurst. The Sydney to Melbourne overland packhorse mail service was commenced in 1837. From 1855 the Sydney to Melbourne overland mail coach was supplanted by coastal steamer ship and rail.
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A single rein or rope may be attached to a halter to lead or guide a horse or packhorse. A long rein called a longe line may be used to allow the horse to move in a circle for training purposes, or for the purpose of a clinical lameness evaluation by a veterinarian. On certain designs of headgear, a third rein may be added to the paired reins, used for leading, longeing, or other specialized or stylistic purposes. The best-known example of a third rein used in the USA is the leading rein of the mecate of the classic bosal hackamore.
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Geoffrey found out that Moses was born in the village of Lacock, Wiltshire. A search through the parish registers at Lacock revealed a long line of Dummers stretching back to 1559, and although it was not possible to positively prove his own line beyond Robert Dummer of 1732, it was obvious that his roots stretched a long way back at Lacock. The names Moses, Robert and Ephraim were a recurrent feature. Like others at Lacock, many of the family had been weavers, and the little packhorse bridge near the church had at one time been known as Dummer's Bridge.
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Ell is most remembered for his strong interest in recreation and conservation. From 1900 onwards, Ell pushed for the creation of a network of scenic reserves along Christchurch's Port Hills, linked by the Summit Road and with a network of rest-houses to allow travellers and walkers to refresh themselves. Three of these rest- houses, designed by architect Samuel Hurst Seager, were completed during Ell's lifetime: the Sign of the Bellbird, Sign of the Kiwi, and Sign of the Packhorse. The last, and grandest, the Sign of the Takahe, was not completed until long after Ell's death, in 1949.
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The house was originally the family home of the Tathams – a family of blacksmiths who catered for all those travelling on the old packhorse route from Yorkshire to Cumbria via Cowan Bridge. One of Hipping's main features is The Great Hall, now the dining room, which dates from the 15th century and is a balconied, beamed space. From there is a view of a 13th-century wash house complete with Gothic arch. Hipping Hall is surrounded on four sides by the magnificent landscapes of the Lune Valley, Lake District, Yorkshire Dales, and the Trough of Bowland.
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A rein may be attached to a halter to lead or guide the horse in a circle for training purposes or to lead a packhorse, but a simple lead rope is more often used for these purposes. A longe line is sometimes called a "longe rein," but it is actually a flat line about long, usually made of nylon or cotton web, about one inch wide, thus longer and wider than even a driving rein.Ensminger, M. E. Horses & Tack: A Complete One Volume Reference on Horses and Their Care Rev. ed. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Co. 1991 p.
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The old bridge at Trevemper Trevemper is a hamlet to the south of Newquay, Cornwall, United Kingdom, on the west bank of the River Gannel at the rivers lowest bridging point. Coal was shipped from Wales to the River Gannel and unloaded at Trevemper and Penpol Creek during the 18th century, and transported to the smelting works at Truro. Trevemper Bridge crosses the River Gannel, and was built in the early 19th century to replace the old packhorse bridge, first mentioned in 1613, which may date back to the 16th century. Historic England have registered the bridge as a Grade II listed building and an Ancient Monument.
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Milnrow was primarily used for marginal hill farming during the Middle Ages, and its population did not increase much until the dawn of the woollen trade in the 17th century. With the development of packhorse routes to emerging woollen markets in Yorkshire, the inhabitants of Milnrow adopted the domestic system, supplementing their income by fellmongering and producing flannel in their weavers' cottages. Coal mining and metalworking also flourished in the Early Modern period, and the farmers, colliers and weavers formed a "close-knit population of independent-minded workers". The hamlets of Butterworth coalesced around the commercial and ecclesiastical centre in Milnrow as demand for the area's flannel grew.
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Kennedy had spent some time plotting Mitchell's Victoria river on the latest map of the colony, and was struck by the fact that its general course turned towards a bend of Cooper Creek, named by Charles Sturt in 1845. The expedition continued northward over what was now new territory for Kennedy, and by mid August was in the vicinity from which Mitchell had been forced to return. Kennedy decided to conceal the carts and supplies from local aborigines by digging a large trench in which to bury them, then proceeded by packhorse. The river began turning towards the south- west, taking them away from the gulf.
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The Coal Exchange As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy. Though the population of Cardiff is about 10% of the Welsh population, the economy of Cardiff makes up nearly 20% of Welsh GDP and 40% of the city's workforce are daily in-commuters from the surrounding south Wales area. Industry has played a major part in Cardiff's development for many centuries. The main catalyst for its transformation from a small town into a big city was the demand for coal required in making iron and later steel, brought to the sea by packhorse from Merthyr Tydfil.
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The tor was one of only three features on Dartmoor that Tristram Risdon considered important enough to include in his Survey of Devon which was compiled in the early 17th century. In it he said that "Crockern Torr" had "a table and seats of moorstone [granite], hewn out of the rocks, lying in the force of all weather, no house or refuge being near it". The tor was also one of the few historic features to appear on Benjamin Donn's one inch to the mile map of Devon of 1765. It lies adjacent to the trans-Dartmoor packhorse track, so was a significant landmark for travellers since time immemorial.
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Bradshaw homestead (3rd, built 1905) Bradshaw's packhorse cutting (NT heritage listed) Cattle ramp, Leichhardt yard, Bradshaw Station Bradshaw Station most commonly known as Bradshaw's Run was a pastoral lease that operated as a cattle station in the Northern Territory. It is situated about east of Kununurra and south west of Katherine The leases to lands along the Victoria River were acquired by Joseph Bradshaw in 1894, the property occupied an area of . Bounded by the Victoria River to the south, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf to the west and the Fitzmaurice River to the north. A second lease adjacent to the station of was granted to Frederick Bradshaw, Joseph's brother, in 1898.
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New England was a small industrial community during the 19th Century and there is evidence of continuous human activity and settlement in the area spanning throughout at least a thousand years. Support from the Heritage Lottery Fund, and the Highley Initiative has enabled the history to be researched, and uncover, and enhance historical features.Shropshire Council "New England Countryside Site". Date retrieved: 14/8/2013 Recently a historic bridge called The Donkey Bridge, named because of the fact that it was once part of a packhorse route, had to be closed due to the flood damage that occurred late in 2012 but repairs are underway.
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They built a hotel in Frome Street but within twelve months transferred the licence to Alexander's Mungindi Inn, also known as Walker's Hotel and in later years, The Green Hut. He built himself a cottage and also stables for the use of hotel patrons. These buildings were along the bank of the Barwon between present day North-Western Motors and Quinn's Motors, near the crossing which was then east of Garden Island. It was then that Alexander applied for along the river. Queensland became a separate colony in 1859 and by 1862 the Queensland Government was operating a packhorse mail service between Surat and Yarawa.
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He eventually worked round the southern end of the range and discovered some valuable country. Good water was found until the Victoria River was reached on 18 August 1879, but great difficulties were met with before reaching the telegraph line 13 days later. From there they made their way to Palmerston, then the capital of the Northern Territory, and they arrived on 7 October 1879. The party was often in danger of starvation, on more than one occasion a packhorse had to be killed for food, and in the last dash for the telegraph line, Forrest and one companion who had gone on ahead almost perished from thirst.
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Barbon Beck near its confluence with Aygill Barbon Beck is a small river in Cumbria. It is a tributary of the River Lune. Rising at Weather Ling Hill, where it is known as Barkin Beck, the stream passes southwest down Barbondale to Fell House, where, joined by Aygill (itself fed by Hazel Sike, which, like Aygill, rises on Barbon High Fell) and now known as Barbon Beck, it takes a westerly course, past Barbon Manor and through the village of Barbon and under the A683 road. At High Beckfoot it passes under a Grade-II-listed packhorse bridge, before meeting the River Lune opposite Mansergh Hall.
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Within fifty years, it became the richest individual copper mine in England producing over sixty thousands tons of ore. Until 1769, when the fifth Duke, William Cavendish, opened his own works at nearby Whiston in the Churnet Valley, the ore was carried to Denby by packhorse for smelting. Much of the copper was used for making brass, but over three hundred tons was supplied to the Navy to protect the hulls of its ships against boring worms, after being rolled at the works of Thomas Evans in Derby. By 1790 the mine was employing 400 workers, men, women and children, producing 4000 tons a year.
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By 1800 the ore had almost been worked out and the Duke relinquished his interest, the mine finally closing in 1891. The Duke's profits had been almost a third of a million pounds and enabled him, so it is said, to build The Crescent at Buxton. Lead was smelted on the spot and sent initially to Derby by packhorse, but later by the Cromford Canal en route for the lead market at Hull.Cooper, B., (1983) Transformation of a Valley: The Derbyshire Derwent, Heinemann, republished 1991 Cromford: Scarthin Books Arthur Ratcliffe MP built a house, modelled on a mediaeval castle, complete with battlements, next to the former lead mine in 1932.
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All buildings in the village had been demolished by autumn 1943, and the impounded waters of the reservoir began to rise by the end of 1944. Derwent's packhorse bridge spanning the River Derwent near the main gates of Derwent Hall was removed stone by stone to be rebuilt elsewhere as it was designated a monument of national importance. The church tower of Derwent slowly disappearing below the water as the reservoir was filled in 1946 The church held its last service on 17 March 1943. The bell from the church may still be heard in Derbyshire, however, since it was re-hung in St Philip's Church in Chaddesden, built in 1955.
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Robinson , Wayne. "The Battle of Turnham Green, November 13, 1642"/ 29 April 2010. — official site of The Pike and Musket Society In 1680 the homicidal Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke murdered a watchman, William Smeeth, after a drunken evening in the local tavern.David L. Smith, 'The infamous seventh earl of Pembroke, 1653–1683' (a sub-section of 'Herbert, Philip, first earl of Montgomery and fourth earl of Pembroke (1584–1650), courtier and politician') in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (OUP, 2004) A similar but far less serious episode in the tavern, the Old Packhorse Inn, in 1795 saw the young Daniel O'Connell arrested for drunken and riotous behaviour.
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A Celtic spearhead unearthed during excavations for Piethorne Reservoir provides evidence of habitation in the Bronze Age. Binns Farm dated from the 13th century was demolished to make way for the reservoir.Nicola Carroll Reservoir Trail: Watershed walks in the South Pennines (Rochdale & Oldham Councils) 2013, pp30-32 Other farms including Piethorn and Norman Hill were mentioned in court documents or leases of 1606 and 1608.Henry Fishwick The History of the Parish of Rochdale in the County of Lancaster (James Clegg, Rochdale & London) 1889,pp383-4 The ancient packhorse route, Rapes Highway (named after Rapes Hill) passed across the brook and its feeder streams.
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The wide vale is now known as the Avon Vale, and the river flows on via Lacock to Melksham, then turns north-west through Bradford on Avon, where the centre of the town grew up around the ford across the river Avon, hence the origin of the town's name ("Broad-Ford"). This was supplemented in Norman times by the stone bridge that still stands today. The Norman side is upstream, and has pointed arches; the newer side has curved arches. The Town Bridge and Chapel is a grade I listed building. It was originally a Packhorse bridge, but widened in the 17th century by rebuilding the western side.
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Records from Saxon times indicate that the Ebble valley was a thriving area, the River Ebble also being known as the River Chalke. The Domesday Book in 1086 divided the Chalke Valley into eight manors: Chelke (Chalke – Bowerchalke and Broadchalke), Eblesborne (Ebbesbourne Wake), Fifehide (Fifield Bavant), Cumbe (Coombe Bissett), Humitone (Homington), Odestoche (Odstock), Stradford (Stratford Tony and Bishopstone) and Trow (circa Alvediston).Ebbesbourne Wake through the Ages by Peter Meers The Domesday Book also recorded Cumbe as a royal manor with 85 households, while Humitone had just two households. A medieval packhorse bridge, now a footbridge, crosses the Ebble close to the current road bridge at Coombe Bissett.
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The town plays host to Melbourne Rugby Football Club, Melbourne United Football Club, Melbourne Town Cricket Club, Melbourne Royal British Legion Tug of War Club, Melbourne Bowls Club and RAMcc (Ride Around Melbourne Cycling Club). There is also a popular, free entry recreation ground, which holds MTCC, MRFC and MUFC fixtures on a regular basis. There is also a modern sports pavilion, designed by Heath Avery Architects, which will contain changing rooms and toilets, and a desk where people interested in booking out the newly developed astro-turf pitches can book. As well as Melbourne Bowls Club, there is also Kings Newton Bowls Club based nearby on Packhorse Road.
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An old Packhorse Bridge, this is a focal point for those approaching from the south, particularly when the Esk is in spate. The south ridge has a number of subsidiary tops which are recognised by some guidebooks,Birkett, Bill: Complete Lakeland Fells: Collins Willow (1994): the principal summits being Pike de Bield (2,657 ft / 810 m.), Scar Lathing (1,440 ft / 439 m.) and Throstlehow Crag (1,325 ft / 404 m.). Scar Lathing is particularly impressive, presenting sheer cliffs above a bend in the Esk. Although of minor significance Pianet Knott on the eastern side of the ridge also has a very striking appearance from lower down the valley.
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Its strategic trade advantage lay with control of the two vital packhorse bridges across the Anker and the Tame on the route from London to Chester. As today, a market town,Tamworth Borough Council it did a brisk trade providing travellers with at least staple bread, ale and accommodation, maintaining trading links as far afield as Bristol. Charles II's reconfirmation of its borough's privileges in 1663 gave the town an added boost, as confirmed by Richard Blome's description of its celebrated market, well served with corn, provisions and lean cattle. In 1678 the town's future Member of Parliament Thomas Guy founded almshouses in Tamworth, rebuilt in 1913.
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Christian Galloway obtained his BSc in mining engineering at the University of Wales, Cardiff, attaining his Masters Certificate of Competency as a Manager of Mines in 1905, aged 25. In 1908 he was commissioned by the British Columbian Ministry of Mines, Canada, to carry out coal surveys of the Peace River Valley and surrounding area. He stayed in the country for 5 years living in the backwoods of the area throughout the time travelling by steamer, train, packhorse or on foot, by canvas or log canoe to reach the less accessible areas. He and his companion, Falconer, were, they believed, the first white men to climb the 8,250 ft.
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A 1947 pantechnicon van The Pickfords family of Adlington, south of Manchester, and later of nearby Poynton, first entered the wagon trade in the 17th century. At first, they were engaged in supplying quarry stone by packhorse for the construction of turnpike roads; instead of the packhorses returning with empty loads, they carried goods for third parties. In 1756, the company relocated to London and in 1776 it invented the fly wagon which could travel from London to Manchester in the then fast speed of four and a half days. A year later, it bought the carrier business of William Bass, a Staffordshire haulier who carried ale for a local brewer.
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Coal ships in Cardiff docks What transformed Cardiff into a big city was the demand for coal required in making iron and later steel, brought to the sea by packhorse from Merthyr Tydfil. The Ironmasters, the proprietors of the smelters in Dowlais and Merthyr, wanted to reduce the cost of carrying iron by road to ships berthed in the estuary of the River Taff at Cardiff. They sought permission of Parliament to build a long canal from Merthyr (510 feet above sea-level) to the Taff Estuary at Cardiff. Work on building the Glamorganshire Canal began in 1790, took eight years and involved installing 50 locks.
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William de Vescy of Kildare held a mesne lordship in the area in the 14th century. Pudding Pie Hill The Lascelles (Lassels) family were also credited with building a terrace of houses at the north end of the village, still known as Blue (or Bribery) Terrace, since tenants were expected to vote for the candidate who supported the Tory cause. Sowerby's name comes from the Norse language, in which it means 'Farmstead (by the) muddy/sour ground'. In the south of the parish at Blakey Lane, Cod Beck is crossed by Blakey Bridge, a 17th-century cart or packhorse bridge and Grade II listed building.
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Versett chose a location for the farm forty-miles walk from the nearest human settlement, deep in the mountains over a treacherous trail on the far end of Pixel Lake (which Versett named), in what is today Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park. Winters were long, snowy and very cold. He spent the first decade alone, clearing towering virgin forests of cedar trees with hand tools, building a multistory log home, shooting and trapping game. He rarely left the farm, and could only bring in from the outside what he could carry on his back and packhorse over a difficult mountainous trail, which took at least two days to traverse.
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River Calder near to its source on Lankrigg Moss The River Calder is a river in Cumbria, England. The river rises at Lankrigg Moss and flows southwards for through an ancient landscape, flowing under Monks Bridge (a packhorse bridge) and by the site of Calder Abbey, as well as several tumuli and other mysterious monuments. It also runs past and (indirectly) gives its name to Calder Hall, site of the world's first commercial nuclear reactor. Near its mouth the river runs through the Sellafield nuclear site in an artificially straightened section before flowing into the Irish Sea at the same point as the River Ehen, just southwest of Sellafield.
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Until the end of the eighteenth century the City of Leicester had received its supplies of coal by packhorse from the Charnwood Forest coal mines around Swannington. However, in 1778, the Loughborough Canal opened up the River Soar from the Trent to Loughborough, and the opening of the Erewash Canal the following year allowed a ready supply of coal from the Nottinghamshire coalfields into Leicestershire at reduced prices.Owen, C. (1984) The Leicestershire and South Derbyshire Coalfield 1200-1900 Ashbourne: Moorland Publishing Co. Ltd. In 1785, proposals to extend the Loughborough Canal south from Loughborough to Leicester were opposed by the influential Leicestershire coalmasters, even when a canal linking the mining area to the canal at Loughborough was also proposed.
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Beginning as a subsidiary occupation, the carding, spinning, and handloom weaving of woollen cloth in the domestic system became the staple industry of Milnrow in the 17th century. This was supported by the development of medieval trans-Pennine packhorse tracks, such as Rapes Highway routed from Milnrow to Marsden, allowing access to woollen markets in Yorkshire and enabling commercial prosperity and expansion.. Fulling and textile bleaching was introduced, and Milnrow became "especially known for fellmongering", and "distinguished for its manufacture of flannels". Demand for Milnrow flannel began to outstrip its supply of wool, resulting in imports from Ireland and the English Midlands. An estimated 40,000–50,000 sheep hides were ordered every week,Hignett (1991), p. 10.
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The North Devon Railway was a railway company which operated a line from Cowley Bridge Junction, near Exeter, to Bideford in Devon, England, later becoming part of the London and South Western Railway's system. Originally planned as a broad gauge (7 ft 0¼ in, 2,140 mm) feeder to the Bristol & Exeter Railway, it became part of a battle between the broad gauge group and the standard gauge railway interests. In this context, standard gauge lines were often described as narrow gauge. The original construction in the middle of the nineteenth century was significant in giving rail connection to the important, but remote towns of North Devon that had hitherto relied on the packhorse and coastal shipping.
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In addition, a packhorse is required to have additional skills that may not be required of a riding horse. A pack horse is required to be tolerant of close proximity to other animals in the packstring, both to the front and to the rear. The horse must also be tolerant of breeching, long ropes, noisy loads, and the shifting of the load during transit. Patience and tolerance is crucial; for example, while there are many ways that pack horses are put into a pack string, one method incorporates tying the halter lead of one animal to the tail of the animal in front of it, an act that often provokes kicking or bolting in untrained animals.
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"Historic Hallamshire", David Hey, Landmark Collectors Library, , page 72, Gives historical details. Old Hall Farmhouse is grade II listed. The hamlet is split into two by an old packhorse route called Townfield Road which comes up from the south and continues onto Bolsterstone, it is generally accepted that the houses on the uphill side of the track are several hundred years older than those below. The two oldest buildings in the hamlet are High Lea Farm and Old Hall Farm, both of which date from the 17th century and with the exception of one modern house (Lea Croft) all present day buildings in the hamlet were shown on the 1851 OS map.
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The Pennine Bridleway has two starting points in Derbyshire. The main starting point is at Middleton-by- Wirksworth, from where it follows the High Peak Trail along a disused railway passing through the limestone of the White Peak. The second starting point, recommended for horse riders, is the site of the former Hartington railway station, and uses a short section of the Tissington Trail before joining the High Peak Trail at Parsley Hay. At the end of the High Peak Trail, south east of Buxton, the route heads north following the line of a packhorse road from Tideswell, via Peak Forest to Hayfield, where it briefly follows the line of another converted railway, the Sett Valley Trail.
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The warehouse that now houses the visitor centre The Standedge Tunnel Visitor Centre at the Marsden end of the tunnel is in the former warehouse used for transshipment of goods from canal barge to packhorse between 1798 when the canal reached Marsden and 1811 when the tunnel opened. The centre contains exhibitions on the history of the tunnels, the canal tunnel's recent restoration and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal. Tunnel End Cottages, which once housed canal maintenance workers, houses a café and the booking office for 30-minute canal tunnel trips using electric tugs that push the passenger barge. The visitor centre is about half a mile (0.8 km) west of Marsden railway station, reached via the canal towpath.
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The most significant surviving reminder of Derwent Village is the village's packhorse bridge, painted in 1925 by the artist Stanley Royle. The bridge was transported and rebuilt at the head of Howden Reservoir at Slippery Stones where it now forms part of the paths and cycle tracks around the Derwent Valley reservoirs. The Derwent Valley Museum, formerly located on the Derwent Reservoir dam and run privately by the late Vic Hallam, told the history of the Derwent valley and of Derwent and Ashopton as well as the tale of RAF Squadron 617 ("The Dam Busters") and its training for Operation Chastise during the Second World War. There is no formal memorial to any of the villages.
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Path through Woodhouse Ridge Woodhouse Ridge is a strip of woodland on the South West hillside of the Meanwood valley in urban area of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Locally known as 'The Ridge', the area is notable as a significant area of mature woodland in an otherwise highly developed urban area. The woods are centred at grid reference 53.820061,-1.560144Google Maps and are enclosed by Meanwood Road to the east and by Headingley to the north and Woodhouse, Leeds to the South. The Ridge has a number of interesting features, including a Victorian bandstand, a world war two air raid shelter, a packhorse bridge, the Meanwood Beck and allotments, all connected by a network of public footpaths.
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The old ruined church of Heptonstall The original settlement was the hilltop village of Heptonstall. Hebden Bridge (Heptenbryge) started as a settlement where the Halifax to Burnley packhorse route dropped into the valley and crossed the River Hebden where the old bridge (from which it gets its name) stands. The name Hebden comes from the Anglo-Saxon Heopa Denu, 'Bramble (or possibly Wild Rose) Valley'. Steep hills with fast-flowing streams and access to major wool markets meant that Hebden Bridge was ideal for water-powered weaving mills and the town developed during the 19th and 20th centuries; at one time Hebden was known as "Trouser Town" because of the large amount of clothing manufacturing.
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Equus Altus, a sculpture of a packhorse carrying a roll of cloth, dominates the central court, and The Briggate Minerva, stands outside the centre's entrance on Briggate. Both are by Scottish sculptor Andy Scott. Packhorses were used to transport goods, in particular cloth, to and from Leeds: the artist said "My thoughts behind it were about the history of Leeds and the wool and textile industries and how horses were used as the HGV at the time". Minerva was the Roman goddess of both commerce and weaving, making her appropriate to this site in a city with a strong heritage of textiles, and wears an owl mask, one of the symbols of the city.
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Two valleys - Cwm Nantcol ('valley of the Nantcol (stream)') and Cwm Bychan ('small valley') - lead deep into the mountains and may be reached from the village of Llanbedr. The most popular walking route in this area begins at the Roman Steps at , which leads from Cwm Bychan through Bwlch Tyddiad and around Rhinog Fawr. Despite the name, these steps are not Roman and are in fact the well preserved remains of a medieval packhorse trail leading from Chester to Harlech Castle. At the top of the Roman Steps, the route curves around the eastern end of Rhinog Fawr and enters Cwm Nantcol via Bwlch Drws Ardudwy (The Pass of the Doorway of Ardudwy).
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One example is the W H Smith 2002 Peak District Calendar in which Three Shire Heads was both the scene for September and the cover picture for the whole calendar. (However, the photo shows foxgloves and was therefore probably taken in June or July.) A report shows that this moorland area is of interest for its population of moths and butterflies.Lepidoptera in Cheshire in 2002, A Report on the Micro-Moths, Butterflies and Macro-Moths of VC58, by S.H. Hind, S. McWilliam, B.T. Shaw, S. Farrell and A. Wander The presence of the packhorse bridge shows the importance of this route for traders from nearby Flash and Hollinsclough to Macclesfield. Silk was produced at Hollinsclough, and sent to the mills at Macclesfield.
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Batham Gate: the modern road follows the line of the Roman road near Laughman Tor Batham Gate is the medieval name for a Roman road in Derbyshire, England, which ran south-west from Templebrough on the River Don in South Yorkshire to Brough-on-Noe (Latin Navio) and the spa town of Buxton (Latin Aquae Arnemetiae) in Derbyshire. Gate means "road" in northern English dialects; the name therefore means "road to the bath town". The route of the road from Templebrough to the Roman signal station Navio is disputed. Hunter suggested the Long Causeway at Redmires as the route and it was shown as such on Ordnance Survey maps, but this is now known to be a medieval packhorse saltway.
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This cabin was built in 1765 by Robert Neal, of thick hewn logs, the interstices being chinked with flat stones and clay as a protection against the attacks of Indians. It is one of the few pioneer cabins still standing in Western Pennsylvania in which the stone chimney is entirely within the walls and in which the loophole windows, originally about two feet long and less than a foot high, were not enlarged after danger from Indian attack had passed. This home stood close to Nemacolin’s trail, later known as the “old Road”, which lead from Philadelphia to Fort Pitt. Packhorse trains and heavy Conestoga wagons bearing supplies from the East passed it on their way to the log village of Pittsburgh.
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Erinus alpinus, the fairy foxglove,Annie's Annuals Retrieved October 8, 2015 alpine balsam,Plants: USDA.Gov October 8, 2015 starflower, or liver balsam, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae, native to Central and Southern Europe. It is a semi-evergreen perennial, with stems of narrow blue-green leaves and clusters of rose-pink flowers at the tips in spring and summer. It is popularly grown in rockeries or alpine gardens; and it occasionally becomes naturalised outside of its native range, especially on old stone walls, shown well from a well-known location for this species on the old packhorse bridge at Carrbridge in the Highlands of Scotland It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
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He and Alice Georgeson were the first couple to marry in Glacier National Park in 1913.Hockaday Museum of Art Appointed the official photographer for the Great Northern Railway in 1924, Hileman took photos of Glacier National Park and Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta, Canada, moving bulky camera equipment by packhorse, even at times perching on a narrow ledge to get just the right image on film. He also photographed the Prince of Wales Hotel in Waterton, Alberta, which was built by the railway. In 1926, Hileman opened photo- finishing labs in both Glacier Park Lodge and Many Glacier Hotel, which were convenient for tourists who could drop off their film evenings and pick up their prints the next morning.
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This is a list of crossings of the Derbyshire Derwent, the principal river of Derbyshire in the Midlands of England. Listed in the table are those crossings that have been identified from the first formal crossing at the packhorse bridge at Slippery Stones, in the upper Derwent valley, continuing through the Derwent Valley Mills heritage site to Derby, to the last crossing near Church Wilne upstream of Derwent Mouth where the Derwent meets the River Trent. Described by Defoe in 1726 as a "fury of a river" the Derwent could only be forded at a number of particular locations, which could still be impassable during winter floods. Wooden bridges provided for a more reliable crossing, but were easily damaged by those same floods.
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Robin lends him the required four hundred pounds on the security of St. Mary, and the rest of the band – Little John, Much the Miller's Son, and Will Scarlet – insist on giving him fine clothing, a packhorse, and a courser as well, and because a knight should have an attendant, Little John goes with him. The knight pretends that he still has not acquired the gold and pleads with the abbot for mercy. The abbot insists on payment, and the knight reveals his deception and pays him, telling him that had the abbot shown leniency, the knight would have rewarded him. Afterward, the knight saves money to repay Robin, and also obtains a hundred bows, with arrows fletched with peacock feathers.
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The three northern arches are segmental-pointed, the southern two have been rebuilt with brick arches. East of the bridge is a ford. 15th-century Packhorse Bridge The war memorial lists the names of 23 men of the parish who were killed in World War I and one in World War II. It is dedicated; To the Glory of God and in Memory of the men of Hampton in Arden who gave their lives for their country in the cause of freedom 1914–1918 and below Sons of this place let this of you be said that you who live are worthy of your dead 1939–1945 ( there are 24 names from WW1 and 1 from WW2, one must have been added recently) .
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The Blythe has a wide range of natural geographical features such as riffles, pools, small cliffs and meanders, combined with a high diversity of substrate types ranging from fine silt and clay in the lower reaches to sands and gravels in the upper and middle reaches. The structure of this river is very variable and diverse, and is important as a rare example of such in lowland Britain. The old Packhorse Bridge, south of Hampton-in-Arden, crossing the River Blythe The diverse physical features of the Blythe are matched by its diverse plant communities. Botanically, the Blythe is one of the richest rivers in lowland England, with the most species-rich sections containing as many species as the very richest chalk streams.
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The current bridge was constructed in two parts (and now consists of four extensions). The original packhorse style bridge in 1638, and on the upstream side, the bridge was widened and two extra arches on the south end were added to ease the gradient, although the two new arches were considerably smaller, the bridge now consists of four arches in total. In the 19th century, with shops being constructed on the north end riverbank, and a new premises being built for the Mytholmroyd Co-Operative Society right up to the water's edge on the south bank, two of the bridge's arches are mostly hidden. However, the premises were built with a large opening underneath the buildings, allowing floodwater to still pass through the two hidden arches underground.
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At the edge of the village of Astley it was dammed to power Priors Mill, and then to the south of the village, at New Bridge it is crossed by a packhorse bridge, below the monastery at Glasshampton. To the north of Noutard's Green it passes beneath Glazen Bridge (B4196), and along the northern edge of Shrawley wood, until it joins the River Severn. The drainage basin for the brook, which lies between that of the Gladder Brook to the north, and that of the Shrawley Brook to the south, has an area of . A very short section of Dick Brook was canalized about 1717 to enable small boats to travel up stream from the River Severn to Astley Forge.
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The squadron was large for a battalion-sized unit, as the Maintenance Troop alone had some 400 soldiers assigned. The Packhorse provided logistical support during both the frequent regimental maneuvers of the Cold War and at gunnery exercises at Grafenwoehr, where the squadron operated for weeks at a time while the cavalry troops and tank companies rotated through the firing ranges. M88 of the 11th ACR in Iraq, 2005 Squadron vehicles during the Cold War included 3/4-ton M1009 CUCV's, 1&1/4-ton M1008 and M1010 pickup trucksThe 1&1/4-ton pickup trucks were also part of the CUCV family.globalsecurity.org that often carried special-purpose shelters mounting communications, medical, or maintenance equipment, HEMTT's, M88's, tanker trucks, and trucks carrying chemical decontamination equipment.
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A paved packhorse road ran along the top of the edge, and remains of it can be seen, as can remains of the Long Causeway, once thought to be a Roman road which works its way over the edge on its route from Templeborough to Brough-on-Noe, crossing Hallam Moor and passing Stanedge Pole (note the slightly different spelling), an ancient waymarker on the route to Sheffield. Some cairns along the top are even older, and there is a well-known cave in the cliff known as Robin Hood's Cave. More recent features include early 20th-century drinking basins, designed to collect pure rainwater for grouse to drink. Stanage is a magnet for climbers and ramblers in addition to runners.
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This was one of the last quarries in the area to ship slate down the River Dwyryd, as it did not link to the Festiniog Railway when that opened in 1836. Instead, Craig Ddu quarry continued to ship slate via a packhorse to the Dwyryd until 1868, when the Festiniog and Blaenau Railway opened. This railway connected with the quarry inclines; its vastly improving the method of transporting slate from the quarry. After 1883, when this railway was converted to standard gauge, wagons were carried to Blaenau Ffestiniog, where they could be transferred to the Festiniog Railway or into GWR wagons for onward shipment, using a piggy-back style similar to that used on the Padarn Railway at Dinorwig quarry.
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Carpenter's and Seaton's discoveries would be the catalyst for the Slocan Silver Rush and the region would become known as the "Silvery Slocan". The town of Ainsworth prospered during this period and Gold Commissioner, Henry Anderson petitioned the government for a wagon road from the town to the mines and for a wharf. Both were built in 1889 and in 1891, the town was visited by the new sternwheeler Nelson, the first sternwheeler built to provide service for the communities on Kootenay Lake. City of Ainsworth on Kootenay Lake in 1894 The Nelson didn't operate during the winter months and supplies had to be brought in by packhorse, driving up food prices and making such luxuries as liquor hard to come by.
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Pack horses on a suspension bridge crossing the Rogue River in Oregon, USA In North America and Australia, in areas such the Bicentennial National Trail, the packhorse plays a major role in recreational pursuits, particularly to transport goods and supplies into wilderness areas and where motor vehicles are either prohibited or impracticable. They are used by mounted outfitters, hunters, campers, stockmen and cowboys to carry tools and equipment that cannot be carried with the rider. They are used by guest ranches to transport materials to remote locations to set up campsites for tourists and guests. They are used by the United States Forest Service and the National Park Service to carry in supplies to maintain trails, cabins and bring in commercial goods to backcountry tourist lodges and other remote, permanent residences.
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Isdell River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, named in 1898 by explorer Frank Hann after James Isdell, who was prominent in the region and later served as a member of parliament. An aerial view of the tidal section in the Isdell River Gorge The river rises in the Packhorse Range and flows in a south- westerly direction until it reaches Isdell Gorge at the foot of the Wunaamin Miliwundi Range where it changes to a north-westerly direction before discharging into the eastern end of Walcott Inlet. The river has eleven tributaries including; Sprigg River, Woolybutt Creek, Cadjuput Creek, Woomera Creek and Tulmulnga Creek. The traditional owners are the Wangina Wunggurr Willingin people who maintain a strong connection to the river despite disruptions by pastoral activities.
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When delivered in 1894, the locomotive, works number 611, was typical of a type used on unfenced lines, particularly in an area where livestock is reared and the horse and cart or even the packhorse the main mode of local goods transportation. The locomotive, built with a round-topped firebox and dome was also fitted with a bell, mounted on the boiler between the chimney and the dome. To aid its progress around the tight track work on the line it had a rigid wheelbase of just band the centre driving wheel was without flange. As part of the line ran alongside the road cowcatchers front and rear and side-skirts, to prevent the scaring of animals by the motion of the coupling rods and the seeping of steam from the cylinders, were also fitted.
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Castle Hill, panoramic view of west side, seen from Oxford Down Hill looking eastwards. A large "Peace Clump" of Scots Pine trees was planted on Oxford Down by the 4th Earl in 1919 to commemorate the end of World War I.Filleigh History Group, p.9 The house is surrounded by landscaped grounds containing many picturesque structures and decorative points-de-vue. The former include three small classical-style Greek temples, the Sunrise Temple (1831), the Sunset Temple (1831) and Satyr's Temple (1861); the Traveller's Cross, erected in 1831, but formerly situated on a roadside near North Aller; Ugley Bridge (1861), an imitation of an old Devon packhorse bridge; The Sybils' Cave (1861), filled in while the house served as a home for evacuated children during World War II, but since re-opened.
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He worked with his father at a forge near Cradley. According to an obituary of one of his sons: "Noah Hingley was proud to acknowledge that he was born a poor man, and sprang from the ranks of the working-classes, he and his father before him having plied the craft of chain-making in a small factory on the banks of the Stour." In his own obituary, written in a local paper, it was stated that he attended a school in Reddal Hill until the death of his mother and that he commenced business before the age of 20, travelling with a packhorse selling nails made at the family forge. His first marriage was to Sarah Willett, the daughter of Noah Willett of Coalbournbrook, Kingswinford on 25 December 1814.
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The offset entrance portal with four-panel door and half- porch overhang, six steps higher than the street pavement level, has two bays of twelve-pane sash windows to the left, and one to the right. There are three chimney stacks: one at each gable end and one at eave level between the two left side window bays.Orchard House, Todenham Main Street, Todenham, Google Street View (image date August 2016). Retrieved 7 October 2019 Home Farmhouse Dunsden Farmhouse and barn Packhorse bridge On the west side of Todenham Road just inside the southern road entry sign to Todenham are Phillip's Farmhouse and Wyatts Farmhouse (both listed 1985), closely adjacent. Both are two-storey detached houses of dressed limestone, Phillip's, of rectangular plan, dates to the mid-19th century, and Wyatts, T-plan, to the late 17th to early 18th century.
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An old barn, built for storing grain before the arrival of the canal The River Trent below Shardlow is navigable all the way to the Humber Estuary, as is the River Soar which joins further down stream. Resultantly Shardlow was always an important transport hub and trading point, as wide-beam ships and boats traded cargo commercially with the packhorse trails going across the region. The tariffs charged for goods proceeding through the port enabled industrialist Leonard Fosbrooke to build Shardlow Hall, and later led to skirmishes being fought locally during the English Civil War for control of the strategic transport hub. The original London to Manchester road (formerly an important turnpike road, authorised in 1738, and now the A6), passes through the village, having crossed the Trent at Cavendish Bridge, designed by the Duke of Devonshire's architect, James Paine.
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McCord (1998), pp. 37–38. The 13th century also appears to have been a period of relative prosperity, with many of the monasteries which had been established in the 12th century beginning to flourish; most notably Furness Abbey in the south of the county which went on to become the second richest religious house in the north of England with lands across Cumbria and in Yorkshire. Wool was probably the greatest commercial asset of Cumbria at this time, with sheep being bred on the fells then wool carried along a network of packhorse trails to centres like Kendal, which became wealthy on the wool trade and gave its name to the vibrant Kendal Green colour. Iron was also commercially exploited at this time and the wide expanses of Forest became prime hunting ground for the wealthy.
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Headless Woman placard at the closed pub The name of the Headless Woman public house name recalls the local legend of Grace Trigg who died in about 1664. She was a servant at nearby Hockenhull Hall, found hiding in a cellar there by Oliver Cromwell's parliamentarian soldiers after the royalist owners had fled. They tortured her to force her to reveal where the family valuables were hidden and, when she would not tell them, beheaded her in the attic, dragged her body downstairs and dumped it off one of the "Roman Bridges" (three medieval packhorse bridges on the River Gowy, still standing today at the end of Platts Lane in Hockenhull). Legend has it that, 250 years following her beheading, the inn's owners, after researching the story, ascended to the attic to discover the bloodstains were still present where she had been killed.
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Spey, taken from the bridge in Dulnain Bridge The River Dulnain (Gaelic: Tuilnean / Abhainn Tuilnein) is a major left bank tributary of the River Spey in northeast Scotland. It rises in the eastern part of the Monadhliath Mountains () and flows in a generally northeastward direction through uninhabited country to Sluggan, where it is crossed by Sluggan Bridge, constructed by General Wade to carry a military road. (The route now forms a part of Route 7 of the National Cycle Network.) Turning more easterly, the Dulnain passes beneath the modern A9 road which bypasses Carrbridge, the mainline railway and, in Carrbridge itself, the packhorse bridge that gives the village its name and the bridge carrying the B9153 road (former A9). The final section flowing east-northeast to the village of Dulnain Bridge is accompanied by the A938 road.
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Not far to its north-east, Linton Beck runs down to the River Wharfe at the limestone Linton Falls, there bridged for walkers on a path up the Wharfe's north bank to Grassington. Amidst the group of cottages close by the Falls is a 14th century, packhorse bridge, 'Little Emily's Bridge', a few minutes' walk from the church of Saint Michael and All Saints. Dating from the 12th century, Linton Church (as it is usually called) spreads an apron of churchyard, decorated with buttercups and gravestones, upon a small river plain bounded by a bend to its east of the Wharfe, as it flows from the Falls toward Burnsall, along the Dales Way. Except at high water, the river is crossed near the churchyard by an ancient course of stepping-stones, below an old (now renovated) mill house.
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The salters represented the chemical industry of the Middle Ages. Everything that used salt was reliant on the carriers that plied their trade on the salter's roads. Without them, the cloth industry would have been without dyes, herbalists without the power to prepare a great number of their products, salt was the major preservative of food and had a host of other uses. The Salter's Brook is a stream that runs down from the direction of the hills between Langsett and the Holme Valley. It was, and remains a boundary feature, the boundary anciently between Cheshire and Yorkshire and it was where the carriers (usually packhorses)Packhorses, packmen, carriers and packhorse roads: trade and communications in North Derbyshire and South Yorkshire, David Hey, 1980, Leicester University Press, p112 would have crossed the bridge on their trans-Pennine journey from the Cheshire salt mines to Yorkshire.
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Ideally the pack saddle rests on a saddle blanket or saddle pad to spread the weight of the saddle and its burden on the pack animal's back. The underside of the pack saddle is designed to conform well to the shape of the pack animal's back. It is typically divided into two symmetrical parts separated by a gap at the top to ensure that the weight being carried does not rest on the draft animal's backbone and to provide good ventilation to promote the evaporation of sweat. The pack saddle consists of a tree, or the wooden blocks that sit on the horse's back, the half breed which is the canvas saddle cover, the breeching and often a crupper which prevents the loaded saddle from sliding too far forward and the breast collar which holds the loaded saddle from sliding too far back on the packhorse or mule.
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One constant is that all arrangements included a duty owed to the lord for military service. This could take the form of actual personal service by the ministeriales or a payment to fund others who went to war. The monastery of Maurmunster records the following: > When a campaign (profectio) of the king is announced to the bishop (of Metz, > in this case) the bishop will send an official to the abbot, and the abbot > will assemble his ministeriales. He will inform them of the campaign, and > they will assemble the following men and equipment...: one wagon with six > cows and six men; one packhorse with saddle and equipment and two men, the > leader and the driver...If the king moves the army to Italy, all the peasant > farms shall contribute for that purpose their usual taxes (that is, probably > an entire annual rent as an extraordinary tax).
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Slate quarrying began in the hills above Tywyn in the 1830s, but although many small quarries and test levels were established, only one major quarry was developed in the region, the Bryn Eglwys quarry, north east of the town. Underground working began in the early 1840s,Richards 1999, page 195 and by 1847 the quarry was being worked by local landowner John Pughe. The finished slates were sent by packhorse to the wharf at Pennal, transferred to boats for a river trip to Aberdyfi (also spelled as Aberdovey), and then finally loaded into seagoing vessels, a complex and expensive transportation arrangement which limited the quarry's output.Boyd 1965, pages 62–63 In 1861 the outbreak of the American Civil War cut off supplies of cotton to the mills of the north west of England and as a result a number of prosperous mill owners looked for new business opportunities to diversify their interests.
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Accordingly, there is no clear reason why a village should disappear unless dispossessed by a landlord, anxious to surround his house with a park, or decimated by plague, of which there is no evidence. It is possible that as wheeled vehicles began to replace the packhorse trains, and traffic grew through the gap in the hills beyond Churchill Gate, the eastern end of the settlement grew and the houses around the church were deserted. The Domesday survey did not mention Churchill since it was part of the Manor of Banwell, in the Hundred of Winterstoke, belonging to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and not held in fee direct from the King. Churchill is first mentioned as a separate Manor in 1231 in an award made by Bishop Jocelin of Wells concerning the "chapel of Churchill", and in the same document Robert Fitzpayne, Sheriff of Somerset under Henry II, and John de la Stocke, are mentioned as local landowners.
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Leeds plays host to many venues, currently including: University of Leeds Refectory, where The Who performed and recorded their Valentine's Day, 1970 live album Live at Leeds; Leeds Beckett University; Brudenell Social Club; The Faversham; The Hi-Fi club; The Well; The Wardrobe; Irish Centre; New Roscoe (now closed); The Cardigan Arms; The Fenton; and The Packhorse, among others. The O2 Academy Leeds opened in October 2008 on the site of the former Town & County Club music venue. The 2,300 capacity venue is run by the Academy Music Group and follows in-line with their other music venues around the UK. The Duchess of York was situated at 71 Vicar Lane in the city centre of Leeds, arguably the busiest music venue during its tenure, was not mentioned with honour. It was gutted by Hugo Boss, silencing a major music venue and turning this historic musical landmark in the great North of England into a boutique.
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When Park House was demolished the shop and cottage were as well. In 1908 the building that is there today was built. 137 to 143 were built as the Metro Bank in 2012. Before the bank was built it was a petrol station that first opened as a garage in 1906. Although it has four numbers it has always been one site, as it is where Park House stood until 1904. 145 is the Packhorse and Talbot, a pub was first recorded on the site in 1696, the current pub was rebuilt in 1935 and kept the façade of the previous building. The façade was extended to the side in 1883 when the neighbouring properties were knocked down so Brackley Road could be built. 147 the site of Thorncroft House until 1962 153 the building on the corner has been a Bank since it was built, London & South Western Bank Limited leased the building from 1881 to 1918 when the company was acquired by Barclays Bank.
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Longtime resident and writer for The Guardian A. Harry Griffin expressed this feeling: > There are other mountain sheep on the Lakeland fells, notably Swaledales and > Rough-Fells, but the hardy Herdwick is the sheep most likely to be seen in > and around the Duddon valley, the Coniston fells, the Buttermere fells and, > through Borrowdale or Wasdale, up to the highest land in England, the > Scafells. More than the old drystone walls that quarter the fells, the > packhorse bridges or the whitewashed farmsteads, the little grey Herdwick > sheep typify the Lakeland. If they and their shepherds go, that is the end > of the Lakeland where I have climbed, walked, skied and skated for nearly 80 > years; of the Lakeland I have written about nearly all my life. The destruction of entire flocks meant that the shepherds were forced to undergo the process of again heafing (the local term for hefting) their new sheep to the hills.
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Meanwhile, a gallows was erected outside the hotel, partly spanning the High Street; one end was attached to the top floor of the building. Until the 18th century, the narrow, waterlogged road northwards from Crawley towards Reigate and London could only be used by horses, and even then only with difficulty; it was impassable for carriages, carts and other wheeled vehicles. Trade was being affected, demand for travel between Crawley and London was growing (by the late 17th century it was one of several towns in Sussex to be served by scheduled packhorse-drawn goods wagons to and from the capital), and the nearby market towns of Horsham and East Grinstead threatened to overtake Crawley in importance. (Like Crawley, they each had two licensed taverns in 1636, when an inventory of Sussex's 61 licensed premises was drawn up.) In 1696, one of England's first turnpike Acts was passed, which allowed tolls to be collected to pay for repairs and improvement.
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Mr How lived in Gordon House and rented the other two houses out. Five of these plots and the small square behind the shops are where Cranbrook Road and Brackley Terrace are today. Plot 480 and part of 479 became Tower House and created the corner in Cranbrook Road, Manor Farm is now Wilton Avenue. Plot 491 is Park House, it isn't given its own rentcharge in the listings, so must have been owned by one of the big landowners. On an 1814 plan showing designs for Chiswick House Gardens it is coloured green along with plot 476, suggesting they were part of Chiswick House Garden and Park. 498 is the Packhorse and Talbot, at the time it still had gardens behind the pub, it was owned by John Houl and occupied by Philip Honess. 499 is Thorncroft House, it is listed as being owned by Inigo Jones and occupied by Mr Hoole. Annandale House and gardens, plots 500 and 501, were both owned by George Robins but occupied by two different people.
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In Episode 6 Anna's husband, John Bates (Brendan Coyle), discovers the device in their home, and is hurt by the prospect that his wife is trying to prevent them having children, which had been a topic of the series between them, but he is unaware that the book and device were being used by Lady Mary and not his wife. Only after a while did he realize that the device was Mary's and not Anna's. # In Parade's End (Episode 5), a 2012 BBC miniseries, the character Valentine Wannop finds a copy of the book in the changing rooms at the school where she works as a games mistress. She discusses it with the rest of the school staff and decides to put it back, not confiscate it, to give the girls a chance to learn about sex before they are married. # In The Giver of Stars by JoJo Moyes, Married Love is a “dirty book” being challenged at the packhorse library on the fictional town of Baileyville, Kentucky.
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It was during the ownership of the Pembrey Estate by the Ashburnhams that trial workings for coal were made. These proved to be successful and a number of levels and pits were opened in Coed y Marchog (Knight’s Wood) and Coed Rhial (Royal Wood) on the western slope of Pembrey Mountain. Management of the colliery was undertaken from an office at Court Farm and the coal was carried by packhorse to the estuary of the River Gwendraeth and to the Burry Inlet, from here it was shipped to the west of England and Ireland.Morris, W., H., "The Canals of the Gwendraeth Valley" (Part I), The Carmarthenshire Antiquary The second Earl Ashburnham, impressed by the success of a canal built by Thomas Kymer in the Gwendraeth valley, decided upon a similar scheme for his Pembrey colliery. Kymer’s Canal was built between 1766 and 1768 in order to carry coal from pits and levels at Pwll y Llygod and Great Forest (near Carway) to a place of shipment on the Lesser Gwendraeth river near Kidwelly.
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The Roman Road Icknield Street, or Ryknield Street, connected Alcester with Metchley Fort. Evidence of this road at Walkers Heath Road, Broadmeadow Lane, Lifford Lane, and Stirchley Street suggests a route along a terrace that avoided medieval King’s Norton Green and Cotteridge. There is a reference to Selly Cross which may be where Icknield Street converged with the Upper Saltway now the Bristol Road (A38). The Roman Road may have followed a more ancient packhorse route with salt as the most obvious commodity to be transported. From Metchley Fort the road went north through the Streetly Valley in Sutton Park where there is a watercourse called the Bourne BrookHodder, Michael: The Archaeology of Sutton Park (History Press 2013) p55 Continuing northwards, Icknield Street crossed Watling Street (A5) near Letocetum, the Roman site at Wall, close to Hammerwich where the Staffordshire Hoard was found.Dean, Stephen; Hooke, Della; FSA; Jones, Alex: The ‘Staffordshire Hoard’: The Fieldwork (Antiquaries Journal 90, 2010) p150 Barrow suggests that another road, the Hadyn Way ran in a southerly direction from the Ryknield Street near Bournbrook through Stirchley Street and Alauna (Alcester) to join the Fosse Way near Bourton-on-the-Water.
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