89 Sentences With "overwrites" | Random Sentence Generator

Overwrites over overwrites, but that's O.K. This is how we achieve balance in our solving, after a week of puzzles that are highly conquerable.

Also, when the file is created it overwrites itself (no new files are created).

It overwrites their personhood, their lived experience, the degree to which they wish to be medicated.

One thing to note is that using Suspend overwrites any in-game battery save, like the ones in Zelda or SMB21980.

When that's done, the offline phase commences and the computer is unusable while it overwrites old files and migrates user data to the new installation.

Point it towards a file or folder and it overwrites it with random data that should be enough to stop it from ever coming back.

If they are, Ghostery "overwrites this data so that the tracker sends generic placeholder data rather than something that is personally identifiable," Tillman told me.

This is also known as a zero-fill because it overwrites all of the disk's sectors with zeroes, returning it to its factory default state.

Yet in their telling of the national narrative, the right overwrites facts that tarnish the American story, while the left leaves few of them out.

With this bug, the cache file was stored on the user's device until the next session where the new session overwrites on the previous cache file.

The shift overwrites the controversial decision made in early January for the National Park Service (NPS) to pull from park entrance fee revenue to cover shutdown costs.

Whereas Petya encrypted and decrypted the MBR, with later versions of Petya also encrypting files, NotPetya deliberately overwrites parts of the MBR with no way to recover it.

Calling antagonists—particularly white nationalist antagonists—"trolls" in 2017, and furthermore linking these "trolls" to the trolls of yesteryear, overwrites the fracture that always existed within early trolling subculture.

Before the reset starts, click Change settings to choose whether the Data erasure feature is enabled; this essentially overwrites data on disk and makes sure it can't be recovered.

MacOS The Disk Utility in macOS (formerly OS X) provides multiple data erasure options for HDDs under "Security Options" including multipass overwrites that conforms to the DoD 250-M specification.

In actual programs, these malfunctions could be as simple as a buffer overflow error, where a program copies a little more data than it should and overwrites a small piece of the computer's memory.

These drives store data in flash memory chips rather than on magnetic platters and use complex storage management algorithms that make traditional data wiping methods like zero-fill or multipass overwrites much less reliable.

And trying to fix bugs by reloading an auto-saved checkpoint creates a catch-22 because you have to quit to a main menu to load a save, but quitting overwrites the autosave with your latest progress.

These standards require sensitive information, such as government confidential data, to be wiped by performing multiple rounds of full-disk overwrites using various data patterns, but they can take a very long time and are most likely overkill for regular users.

So, with his fellow senator Nancy Skinner, he authored a bill, SB 827, that overwrites some metropolitan zoning—putting policies that had been in the hands of cities under the authority of state government—to allow medium-sized multistory and multiunit buildings near transit stops.

Critics have interpreted it in different ways: former Verge culture editor and Vulture film critic Emily Yoshida likened the sequence to an extended, heart-wrenching representation of depression — the ways the disease consumes people, drags them down to the point of exhaustion, and steals and overwrites your entire existence.

It then overwrites data on the hard drive/hard drive disk/HDD.

When the month changes, Flame displays colored flames on the screen and overwrites the master boot record.

Manitoba has no activation routine and does not store the original boot sector on floppies; Manitoba simply overwrites the original boot sector. 2.88MB EHD floppies are corrupted by the virus. Manitoba uses 2KB memory while resident.

He is a hidden, recruitable soldier in Valkyria Chronicles II. Due to licensing issues, he is inaccessible in the North American version of the game. Using cheatcodes, Julius is accessible only if the player overwrites the game's memory of another character.

Alcon contains no notable symptoms beyond one extremely damaging one, which is overwriting random information. Assuming that the overwrites are subtle, this may result in significant compounding data over time, as Alcon is a slow damager. Alcon contains the text "R.SY".

However, if the key of the new item exactly matches the key of an old item, the associative array typically erases the old item and overwrites it with the new item, so every item in the table has a unique key.

Blender's non photorealistic renderer. It was removed from Blender in version 2.8. Render clay An add-on by Fabio Russo; it overwrites materials in Blender Internal or Cycles with a clay material in a chosen diffuse color. Included in Blender version 2.79.

The erase head is fed by a high level, high frequency AC signal that overwrites any previous recording on the tape.Tape Recording, Georgia State University Without this step, the new recording cannot be guaranteed to completely replace any old recording that might have been on the tape.

In the dubbed anime, the special phrase is "Kitty Magic!" as seen in the same episode, numbered 54. While the manga and Crystal depicted her knocking Luna-P away, Black Lady overwrites the toy's programming with the Black Crystal's power to use as a weapon in the original anime.

This matches the minimal number of overwrites required for a completed in- place sort. Minimizing the number of writes is useful when making writes to some huge data set is very expensive, such as with EEPROMs like Flash memory where each write reduces the lifespan of the memory.

The ROP is essentially a boolean formula. The most obvious ROP overwrites the destination with the source. Other ROPs may involve AND, OR, XOR, and NOT operations. The Commodore Amiga's graphics chipset (and others) could combine three source bitmaps using any of the 256 possible boolean functions with three inputs.

T2 also reads the original value of A, overwrites A, and commits. However, when T1 reads from A, it discovers two different versions of A, and T1 would be forced to abort, because T1 would not know what to do. This is an unrepeatable read. This could never occur in a serial schedule.

During the mutation one of these copies overwrites the other. Thus the differences between the two are lost. Because differences are lost, heterozygosity is lost. Recombination on the Y-chromosome does not only take place during meiosis, but virtually at every mitosis when the Y chromosome condenses, because it doesn't require pairing between chromosomes.

It sends information about the files destroyed to the attacker and then overwrites the erased files with corrupted data so they cannot be recovered. The component used portions of an image. In the 2012 attack it used an image of a burning U.S. flag; in the 2016 attack it used a photo of the body of Alan Kurdi.

Virus image AIDS is a computer virus written in Turbo Pascal 3.01a which overwrites COM files. AIDS is the first virus known to exploit the MS-DOS "corresponding file" vulnerability. In MS-DOS, if both and exist, then will always be executed first. Thus, by creating infected files, AIDS code will always be executed before the intended code.

Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary, scribes "In God is Our Trust," scratches out "is Our" and overwrites "We" to arrive at "In God We Trust" in a December 9, 1863, letter to James Pollock, Director of the Philadelphia Mint. James Pollock (September 11, 1810 – April 19, 1890) was the 13th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1855 to 1858.

However, the unrolled scan can only target a limited number of locations, and is unlikely to catch a small opponent. ;Core clear: A core clear sequentially overwrites every instruction in the core, sometimes even including itself. Core clears are not very common as stand-alone warriors, but are often used as an end-game strategy by bombers and scanners.

In information security and programming, a buffer overflow, or buffer overrun, is an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer's boundary and overwrites adjacent memory locations. Buffers are areas of memory set aside to hold data, often while moving it from one section of a program to another, or between programs. Buffer overflows can often be triggered by malformed inputs; if one assumes all inputs will be smaller than a certain size and the buffer is created to be that size, then an anomalous transaction that produces more data could cause it to write past the end of the buffer. If this overwrites adjacent data or executable code, this may result in erratic program behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, and crashes.

The organization's purpose was to protect the Keywork from terrorist activity. The creator, however, installed the Monstar virus in Coheed. The Monstar, when activated, overwrites its host's personality and instills one objective: the destruction of the Keywork, and thus Heaven's Fence. The Monstar accomplishes this via its ability to cool the Stars of Sirius, which hold the Keywork in place.

A file's modification time describes when the content of the file most recently changed. Because most file systems do not compare data written to a file with what is already there, if a program overwrites part of a file with the same data as previously existed in that location, the modification time will be updated even though the contents did not technically change.

Specific clipboard semantics vary among operating systems, can also vary between versions of the same system, and can sometimes be changed by programs and by user preferences. Windows, Linux and macOS support a single clipboard transaction. Each cut or copy overwrites the previous contents. Normally, paste operations copy the contents, leaving the contents available in the clipboard for further pasting.

This can allow an attack to succeed if the attacker is able to attempt the exploit multiple times or is able to complete an attack by causing a pointer to point to one of several locations (such as any location within a NOP sled). Microsoft added a random rotation to their encoding scheme to address this weakness to partial overwrites.

So, in gene expression programming transposition can be implemented using two different methods: the first creates a shift at the insertion site, followed by a deletion at the end of the head; the second overwrites the local sequence at the target site and therefore is easier to implement. Both methods can be implemented to operate between chromosomes or within a chromosome or even within a single gene.

A prompt to save the session (tabs and windows) was presented by default in Firefox 3, with the session restored on the next start if the user selected the "Save & Quit" option. In Firefox 4, all sessions are saved. On the next start, the session is available from the History menu. This new feature, called on-demand session restore, overwrites the previous session on exit without prompting.

Eventually, though, he begins a relationship with a girl, falling in love with her. When they end up stranded in the mountains after a plane crash, Morty considers using the remote, but calls for rescue instead, since the last save point was right before they met. However, after they are rescued, Jerry inadvertently activates the remote. Morty then fails to recreate the relationship and accidentally overwrites the save point.

HAHAHAHAHA. Have ¶HÜÑ [PHUN] with this one and > remember, there is NO cure for AIDS In the message above, the word "AIDS" covers about half of the screen. The system is then halted, and must be powered down and rebooted to restart it. The AIDS virus overwrites the first 13,952 bytes of an infected file. Overwritten files must be deleted and replaced with clean copies in order to remove the virus.

Although it differs from spyware, adware often uses the same methods and technologies. Merchants initially were uninformed about adware, what impact it had, and how it could damage their brands. Affiliate marketers became aware of the issue much more quickly, especially because they noticed that adware often overwrites tracking cookies, thus resulting in a decline of commissions. Affiliates not employing adware felt that it was stealing commission from them.

The player can also customize the appearance of all armor by applying a coloured dye or by using the appearance of another item. Rift also features an expansive wardrobe system. If a player finds a particular piece of equipment that pleases them visually, they can equip it in a wardrobe slot that overwrites currently equipped items, visual model. For each wardrobe slot, a player can equip alternate gloves, shoulders, boots, pants, and chest pieces.

Memory allocation routines fill guard bytes with values that are not supposed to be used by the programmer's algorithms. This is, however, not predictable. When the algorithm uses those values and overwrites the guard bytes with them (only the last write before deallocation is relevant), the overflow can not be detected, because the bytes have not actually changed. Instead, the memory breakpoint option can be used, set on a condition of access to those bytes in a debugger.

The common problem with sensitive data is that deleted files are not really erased and so may be recovered by interested parties. Most file systems only remove the link to data (see undelete, above). But even overwriting parts of the disk with something else or formatting it may not guarantee that the sensitive data is completely unrecoverable. Special software is available that overwrites data, and modern (post-2001) ATA drives include a secure erase command in firmware.

Much of the focus on Angel Beats! is on a large amount of CG artwork: the first volume alone has about as many CGs as Clannad according to Baba, which he found odd. Rated for all ages and split into six volumes, Baba originally intended the release schedule between the volumes to be about six months. The first volume is planned to have the most content, and installing subsequent volumes onto the same computer overwrites certain scenes in volume one.

The canvas outputs the contents of the Timeline. To add clips to the Timeline, besides dragging them there, it is possible to drag clips from the Browser or Viewer onto the Canvas, whereupon the so-called 'edit overlay' appears. The edit overlay has seven drop zones, into which clips can be dragged in order to perform different edits. The default is the 'overwrite' edit, which overwrites at an in point or the space occupied after the playhead with the incoming clip.

On most systems only one clipboard location exists, hence another cut or copy operation overwrites the previously stored information. Many UNIX text-editors provide multiple clipboard entries, as do some Macintosh programs such as Clipboard Master, and Windows clipboard-manager programs such as the one in Microsoft Office. # The user selects a location for insertion by some method, typically by clicking at the desired insertion point. # A paste operation takes place which visibly inserts the clipboard text at the insertion point.

Each of the eight 32-bit cores (termed a cog) has a central processing unit (CPU) which has access to 512 32-bit long words (2 KB) of instructions and data. Self-modifying code is possible and is used internally, for example, as the boot loader overwrites itself with the Spin Interpreter. Subroutines in Spin (object-based high-level code) use a call-return mechanism requiring use of a call stack. Assembly (PASM, low- level) code needs no call stack.

Buffer overflows work by manipulating pointers, including stored addresses. PointGuard was proposed as a compiler-extension to prevent attackers from being able to reliably manipulate pointers and addresses. The approach works by having the compiler add code to automatically XOR-encode pointers before and after they are used. Theoretically, because the attacker does not know what value will be used to encode/decode the pointer, he cannot predict what it will point to if he overwrites it with a new value.

The networks were attacked by malicious codes, rather than distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks as suspected at the beginning. It appeared to have used only hard drive overwrites. This cyberattack “damaged 32,000 computers and servers of media and financial companies.” The Financial Services Commission of South Korea said that Shinhan Bank reported that its Internet banking servers had been temporarily blocked and that and NongHyup reported that operations at some of their branches had been paralyzed after computers were infected with viruses and their files erased.

On August 11, 2009 Microsoft released an Xbox 360 software update that overwrites the Second stage bootloader of the system. Any failure while updating this will break the Xbox 360 beyond repair. Statistics from other systems have shown that about one in a thousand bootloader updates went wrong and unless Microsoft has a novel solution to this problem, this puts tens of thousands of Xboxes at risk. It seems that this update was issued to fix a vulnerability already known to the Free60 Project.

The program simply overwrites itself with a 6000 byte long DNA-like code at a certain position. Archival documents suggest that the original plan was to use a series of ASCII 1's to corrupt the binary, but at some point in development a change was made to use fake genetic code, in keeping with the visual motifs in the book. The genetic code has a codon entropy of 5.97 bits/codon, much higher than any natural DNA sequence known. However, the ciphertext was not overwritten.

Misfortune Cookie is computer software vulnerability of certain set of network routers' firmware which found be leveraged by an attacker to gain access remotely. Tyne CVSS rating for this vulnerability is rated between 9.8 and 10 on the scale of 10. The attacker in this scenario sends a crafted HTTP cookie attribute to the vulnerable system's (network router) web-management portal where the attacker's content overwrites the device memory. The contents of the cookie act as command to the router which then abides by the commands.

The opcode for this instruction is `FF E4`. This two-byte sequence can be found at a one-byte offset from the start of the instruction `call DbgPrint` at address `0x7C941EED`. If an attacker overwrites the program return address with this address the program will first jump to `0x7C941EED`, interpret the opcode `FF E4` as the `jmp esp` instruction, and will then jump to the top of the stack and execute the attacker's code. When this technique is possible the severity of the vulnerability increases considerably.

The 2014 contest was announced on November 2, 2014, and was due January 1, 2015. The results were announced on June 1, 2015. The object was to write surveillance code for a Twitter-like social networking service, to comply with a secret government surveillance request; but for non-obvious reasons, the code must subtly leak the act of surveillance to a user. The general approach is to obfuscate writes to the user data as writing to surveillance data, and the winning entry did so by implementing a buggy time-checking function that overwrites the input.

A stacking window manager renders the windows one-by-one onto the screen at specific co- ordinates. If one window's area overlaps another, then the window "on top" overwrites part of the other's visible appearance. This results in the appearance familiar to many users in which windows act a little bit like pieces of paper on a desktop, which can be moved around and allowed to overlap. In contrast to compositing window managers (see below), the lack of separate off-screen buffers can mean increased efficiency, but effects such as translucency are not possible.

Once a system is infected, the virus continues to compile a list of files from specific locations on the system, upload them to the attacker, and erase them. Finally the virus overwrites the master boot record of the infected computer, making it unusable. The virus was used for cyberwarfare against national oil companies including Saudi Arabia's Saudi Aramco and Qatar's RasGas. A group named "Cutting Sword of Justice" claimed responsibility for an attack on 35,000 Saudi Aramco workstations, causing the company to spend more than a week restoring their services.

Petya's payload infects the computer's master boot record (MBR), overwrites the Windows bootloader, and triggers a restart. Upon startup, the payload encrypts the Master File Table of the NTFS file system, and then displays the ransom message demanding a payment made in Bitcoin. Meanwhile, the computer's screen displays text purportedly output by chkdsk, Windows' file system scanner, suggesting that the hard drive's sectors are being repaired. The original payload required the user to grant it administrative privileges; one variant of Petya was bundled with a second payload, Mischa, which activated if Petya failed to install.

For efficiency, the process of erasing a file from storage using the command usually only erases the file's file-system entry while keeping the content of the file intact. This frequently allows commonly available software to recover the "erased" file's data. If the file data is stored on magnetic media such as a HDD, even if the file is overwritten, residual magnetic fields may allow data recovery using specialist hardware equipment. To prevent this, overwrites the contents of a file multiple times, using patterns chosen to maximize destruction of the residual data.

Because the sudden, unexpected printing of a block of text on a tty can be annoying if it overwrites more useful information on the screen that can't be easily regenerated, is not used very much any more. Some modern MTAs do not even support comsat (the server process which listens for reports of incoming mail) making useless. The general idea of the incoming mail alert has remained very popular even as the original biff and comsat have been almost completely abandoned. There are many replacements, several with similar names like , , , , , , and .

Many data eradication programs also provide multiple overwrites so that they support recognized government and industry standards, though a single-pass overwrite is widely considered to be sufficient for modern hard disk drives. Good software should provide verification of data removal, which is necessary for meeting certain standards. To protect the data on lost or stolen media, some data erasure applications remotely destroy the data if the password is incorrectly entered. Data erasure tools can also target specific data on a disk for routine erasure, providing a hacking protection method that is less time-consuming than software encryption.

She figures out that she may, in fact, be the genetic daughter of Taskmaster, but due to his position during Dark Reign all possible evidence has been deleted or sealed. They have a confrontation but no straight answer as the information of his "Photographic reflexes" overwrites his actual memories so he can't remember the previous day, let alone the year she was born, but knows it's a possibility. After a sparring session, so Taskmaster can remember her movements at least knowing she's possibly his child, they part ways. Her ability to perceive even the slightest facial movements makes her a human lie detector.

Examples of payloads include randomly moving the mouse cursor slightly, opening up satirical Google searches such as "how to remove a virus" and "how to get money" on the user's web browser, and opening various random Microsoft Windows programs (such as the calculator or command prompt). True to the program's name, many parts of the virus are based on Internet memes; for example, the virus overwrites the boot sector with an animation of Nyan Cat. A benign version was later created by Leurak. This safe version allows toggling on and off specific payloads and will not overwrite the boot sector upon restart.

The simulated recording mode feature is no longer an official part of the standard like it was for CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R and DVD-RW, although supported by Plextor optical drives. Another distinction in comparison to DVD-R/RW/R DL is that the recorder information (optical drive model) is not written automatically to DVD+ discs by the drive. Nero DiscSpeed allows proprietarily adding such information for later retrieval. Other changes include the removal of a dedicated SCSI erase command in optical drives, which is done by the software instead that overwrites data with null characters.

A prominent and ongoing theme in Favell's work is self-portraiture. Favell often references the traditions of portraiture and self-portraiture, using traditional composition or even existing portraits, and replacing the historical sitter with herself. An example of this is Favell's The Artist in Her Museum: The Collector (2005) that references Charles Wilson Peale's self-portrait displaying his collection, The Artist in His Museum (1822). In Favell's work she replaces the collector with her own image and the collection of specimens with her family photos, and in doing so questions and overwrites the colonial practice of collection and display.

Although the abstract Cooley–Tukey factorization of the DFT, above, applies in some form to all implementations of the algorithm, much greater diversity exists in the techniques for ordering and accessing the data at each stage of the FFT. Of special interest is the problem of devising an in-place algorithm that overwrites its input with its output data using only O(1) auxiliary storage. The most well-known reordering technique involves explicit bit reversal for in-place radix-2 algorithms. Bit reversal is the permutation where the data at an index n, written in binary with digits b4b3b2b1b0 (e.g.

A buffer overflow occurring in the heap data area is referred to as a heap overflow and is exploitable in a manner different from that of stack-based overflows. Memory on the heap is dynamically allocated by the application at run-time and typically contains program data. Exploitation is performed by corrupting this data in specific ways to cause the application to overwrite internal structures such as linked list pointers. The canonical heap overflow technique overwrites dynamic memory allocation linkage (such as malloc meta data) and uses the resulting pointer exchange to overwrite a program function pointer.

Counterfeit USB flash drives are sometimes sold with claims of having higher capacities than they actually have. These are typically low capacity USB drives whose flash memory controller firmware is modified so that they emulate larger capacity drives (for example, a 2 GB drive being marketed as a 64 GB drive). When plugged into a computer, they report themselves as being the larger capacity they were sold as, but when data is written to them, either the write fails, the drive freezes up, or it overwrites existing data. Software tools exist to check and detect fake USB drives,"H2testw USB flash drive test tool", www.heise.

The Insert key is mainly used to switch between overtype mode, in which the cursor overwrites any text that is present on and after its current location, and insert mode, where the cursor inserts a character at its current position, forcing all characters past it one position further. The Delete key discards the character ahead of the cursor's position, moving all following characters one position "back" towards the freed place. On many notebook computer keyboards the key labeled Delete (sometimes Delete and Backspace are printed on the same key) serves the same purpose as a Backspace key. The Backspace key deletes the preceding character.

Microsoft Windows XP SP2 Data Execution Prevention Eventually, operating systems began to combat the exploitation of buffer overflow bugs by marking the memory where data is written as non-executable, a technique known as executable space protection. With this enabled, the machine would refuse to execute any code located in user-writable areas of memory, preventing the attacker from placing payload on the stack and jumping to it via a return address overwrite. Hardware support later became available to strengthen this protection. With data execution prevention, an adversary cannot execute maliciously injected instructions because a typical buffer overflow overwrites contents in the data section of memory, which is marked as non-executable.

"Sanitization" is the technical term for assuring that data left on storage at the end of its useful life is rendered inaccessible to a given level of effort. Or to put it another way, sanitization is the process that assures an organization doesn't commit a data breach by repurposing, selling, or discarding storage devices. Sanitization can take many forms depending on both the sensitivity of the information and the level of effort a likely adversary would invest in attempting to recover the information. Methods used in sanitization range from simple overwrites to destruction of the cryptographic keys for encrypted data (the technique is known as cryptographic erasure) to physical destruction of the storage media.

MS-DOS 6.22a FORMAT /U switch failing to overwrite content of partition format command: Under MS-DOS, PC DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows, disk formatting can be performed by the `format` command. The `format` program usually asks for confirmation beforehand to prevent accidental removal of data, but some versions of DOS have an undocumented `/AUTOTEST` option; if used, the usual confirmation is skipped and the format begins right away. The WM/FormatC macro virus uses this command to format drive C: as soon as a document is opened. Unconditional format: There is also the `/U` parameter that performs an unconditional format which under most circumstances overwrites the entire partition, preventing the recovery of data through software.

Another issue with tar format is that it allows several (possibly different) files in archive to have identical path and filename. When extracting such archive, usually the latter version of a file overwrites the former. This can create a non-explicit (unobvious) tarbomb, which technically does not contain files with absolute paths or referring parent directories, but still causes overwriting files outside current directory (for example, archive may contain two files with the same path and filename, first of which is a symlink to some location outside current directory, and second of which is a regular file; then extracting such archive on some tar implementations may cause writing to the location pointed to by the symlink).

A limitation of when invoked on ordinary files is that it only overwrites the data in place without overwriting other copies of the file. Copies can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, such as through manual and automatic backups, file system snapshots, copy-on-write filesystems, wear leveling on flash drives, caching such as NFS caching, and journaling. All limitations imposed by the file system can be overcome by shredding every device on which the data resides instead of specific files. However, since wear leveled devices do not guarantee a fixed relationship between logical blocks addressable through the interface and the physical locations in which the data is stored, shredding may not provide adequate security.

Most antivirus programs that utilize heuristic analysis perform this function by executing the programming commands of a questionable program or script within a specialized virtual machine, thereby allowing the anti-virus program to internally simulate what would happen if the suspicious file were to be executed while keeping the suspicious code isolated from the real-world machine. It then analyzes the commands as they are performed, monitoring for common viral activities such as replication, file overwrites, and attempts to hide the existence of the suspicious file. If one or more virus-like actions are detected, the suspicious file is flagged as a potential virus, and the user alerted. Another common method of heuristic analysis is for the anti-virus program to decompile the suspicious program, then analyze the machine code contained within.

The canonical heap overflow technique overwrites dynamic memory allocation linkage (such as `malloc` metadata) and uses the resulting pointer exchange to overwrite a program function pointer. For example, on older versions of Linux, two buffers allocated next to each other on the heap could result in the first buffer overwriting the second buffer's metadata. By setting the in-use bit to zero of the second buffer and setting the length to a small negative value which allows null bytes to be copied, when the program calls `free()` on the first buffer it will attempt to merge these two buffers into a single buffer. When this happens, the buffer that is assumed to be freed will be expected to hold two pointers FD and BK in the first 8 bytes of the formerly allocated buffer.

The M1000e enclosure offers the option of flex-addresses. This feature allows the system administrators to use dedicated or fixed MAC addresses and World Wide Names (WWN) that are linked to the chassis, the position of the blade and location of the I/O interface. It allows administrators to physically replace a server-blade and/or a Mezzanine card while the system will continue to use the same MAC addresses and/or WWN for that blade without the need to manually change any MAC or WWN addresses and avoid the risk of introducing duplicate addresses: with flex-addresses the system will assign a globally unique MAC/WWN based on the location of that interface in the chassis. The flex- addresses are stored on a SD-card that is inserted in the CMC module of a chassis and when used it overwrites the address burned in into the interfaces of the blades in the system.

The syntax of QuakeC is based on that of the C programming language, explaining its name, but it does not support the implementation of new types, structures, arrays, or any kind of referencing other than the "entity" type (which is always a reference). QuakeC also suffers from the fact that many built-in functions (functions prototyped in the QuakeC code but actually defined within the game engine and written in C) return strings in a temporary string buffer, which can only hold one string at any given time. In other words, a construct such as :`SomeFunction (ftos (num1), ftos (num2));` will fail because the second call to `ftos` (which converts a floating-point value to a string) overwrites the string returned by the first call before SomeFunction can do something with it. QuakeC does not contain any string handling functions or file handling functions, which were simply not needed by the original game.

Thus, competitors are penalized for guessing incorrectly. (For both General Mathematics and General Science a perfect score is a 250.) On the Number Sense test, scoring is 5 times the last question answered (a student answering 32 questions would be awarded 160 points) and after that 9 points are deducted for incorrect answers, problems skipped up to the last attempted question and markovers/erasures, (so if the student above missed one and skipped three questions the student would end up with 124 points). Number sense tests are also checked for possible scratch work, overwrites, and erasures (bluntly called "markovers"), which if found could result in questions being counted as incorrect or tests being disqualified. (For both Number Sense and Calculator, a perfect score is a 400.) The Calculator Applications test multiplies 5 times the last question answered and deducts 9 points for incorrect or skipped questions, similar to Number Sense, but scratch work, markovers/erasures, and the use of a calculator is allowed.

Meanwhile, there were changes in the line-up again. There came and then left a keyboardist Konstantin Baev, then vocalist Anders "Caban" Kraft leaves and creates a band"Tornado" (kaz) (later joins– "Seduser Embrace" as a bass guitarist). The band starts to search for a new singer and there have been a lot of people, who went through the band, people like Tatiana "Gliuk" Gemashova and others. Despite the frequent changes in the line-up, the band recorded a demo "Knights of the Kamelot" with Jurgen vocal's, many songs from which were subsequently overwritten on the albums to follow, such as "Thunder in the Night" and "Judgment Day". Shortly after the recording is finished, Gill Sheffield left, and by the middle of July 1998 there came Daniel "Dan" Throne – vocals (ex-"Wooсk") and Steven Dreico – bass guitar (ex-"Wooсk"). The band overwrites the vocal lines on Dragon Steel (this version of the album became a cassette compilation "The Best"), released by Kazakhstan Fair Play studio in 1999.

One major feature that distinguishes ZFS from other file systems is that it is designed with a focus on data integrity by protecting the user's data on disk against silent data corruption caused by data degradation, current spikes, bugs in disk firmware, phantom writes (the previous write did not make it to disk), misdirected reads/writes (the disk accesses the wrong block), DMA parity errors between the array and server memory or from the driver (since the checksum validates data inside the array), driver errors (data winds up in the wrong buffer inside the kernel), accidental overwrites (such as swapping to a live file system), etc. A 1999 study showed that neither any of the then-major and widespread filesystems (such as UFS, Ext,The Extended file system (Ext) has metadata structure copied from UFS. (In French) XFS, JFS, or NTFS), nor hardware RAID (which has some issues with data integrity) provided sufficient protection against data corruption problems. Initial research indicates that ZFS protects data better than earlier efforts.