The oriflamme of the Capetian dynasty. Following her reconstruction in 1756-57, the Oriflamme served during the Seven Years' War, and had an encounter with a superior British squadron in late February 1758, when she was chased off the Spanish coast by the 60-gun , under Captain Joshua Rowley and the 74-gun under Captain John Montagu.Dobson, p.47. They chased Oriflamme onshore, but owing to Spain's neutrality at the time, did not attempt to destroy her, and Oriflamme was later salvaged.
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Isis had four killed, including Wheeler, and nine wounded. The captured Oriflamme was brought into Gibraltar.
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The Battle of Poitiers 1356. The oriflamme can be seen on the top left. The Oriflamme (from Latin aurea flamma, "golden flame") was the battle standard of the King of France in the Middle Ages. It was originally the sacred banner of the Abbey of St. Denis, a monastery near Paris.
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In the television series "Vikings", in series 3, episode 8 ("To the gates!"), the Oriflamme is raised during the siege of Paris.
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The battle cry was first used during the reign of Louis VI of France (r. 1108–1137), the first royal bearer of the Oriflamme.
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The French chose not to pursue the Flemish. During the Flemish attack on Philip, the oriflamme, a hugely symbolic and significant flag, was lost.
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Amédée, or How to Get Rid of It () is a play written by Eugène Ionesco in 1954 based on his earlier short story entitled "Oriflamme".
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Battle of Poitiers (miniature of Froissart)The Battle of Poitiers 1356. The oriflamme carried by Geoffroy de Charny can be seen on the top left.
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Desfarges died on board near Martinique, and the Oriflamme sank on 27 February 1691, with most of the remaining French troops, off the coast of Brittany.
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They show that the primitive Oriflamme was succeeded in the course of the centuries by newer Oriflammes which bore little resemblance to one another except for their colour.
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When the Oriflamme was displayed on the battlefield, it indicated that no quarter was to be given: its red colour being symbolic of cruelty and ferocity. Although the azure ground (from the blue cope of St. Martin of Tours) strewn with gold fleur-de-lis remained the symbol of royalty until the 15th century, the Oriflamme became the royal battle standard of the King of France, and it was carried at the head of the king's forces when they met another army in battle. In the fifteenth century, the fleur-de-lis on the white flag of Joan of Arc became the new royal standard replacing both the symbol of royalty and the Oriflamme on the battle field.
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The bearer of the standard, the porte-oriflamme, became an office (like that of Marshal or Constable) and a great honour, as it was an important and very dangerous job to take charge of such a visible symbol in battle. If things went badly, the bearer was expected to die, rather than relinquish his charge. Froissart vividly describes porte-oriflamme Geoffroi de Charny's fall at the side of his king at the Battle of Poitiers in this passage: > There Sir Geoffroi de Charny fought gallantly near the king (note: and his > fourteen-year-old son). The whole press and cry of battle were upon him > because he was carrying the king’s sovereign banner [the Oriflamme].
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Smithies 2002, p.185 Recalled to France, he left 108 troops in Pondicherry to bolster defenses, and left with his remaining troops on the Oriflamme and the Company ships Lonré and Saint-Nicholas on February 21, 1690.Smithies 2002, p.179 Desfarges died on his way back trying to reach Martinique, and the Oriflamme sank shortly thereafter on February 27, 1691, with most of the remaining French troops, off the coast of Britanny.
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Their main newspapers were La Quotidienne and La Gazette; other royalist papers included the Drapeau Blanc, named after the Bourbon white flag, and the Oriflamme, named after the battle standard of France.
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In July, he was appointed to the 64-gun Vaillant, under Choiseul, to support La Galissonière. He then served on the 66-gun Hercule from 9 November to 10 December 1757, and on Oriflamme from 30 January to 17 February 1758, although Oriflamme never managed to get a sufficient complement and cancelled her mission. He then served on the frigate Chimère, tasked with returning Turkish prisoners to Constantinople. In 1759, he was on the 64-gun Modeste, and he took part in the Battle of Lagos on 18 and 19 August.
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Statue of King Vakhtang in Tbilisi. Grave of Vakhtang I at Svetitskhoveli Cathedral. Vakhtang entered a pantheon of Georgian historical heroes already in the Middle Ages. A royal oriflamme of the Georgian Bagratids was known as "Gorgasliani", i.e.
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When the oriflamme was raised in battle by the French royalty during the Middle Ages, most notably during the Hundred Years War, no prisoners were to be taken until it was lowered. Through this tactic they hoped to strike fear into the hearts of the enemy, especially the nobles, who could usually expect to be taken alive for ransom during such military encounters.Robert Southey (1841) Joan of Arc: a poem, Longman et autres. p. 280 In French, the term "oriflamme" has come to mean any banner with pointed ends, by association with the form of the original.
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Desfarges left in March 1690, but died of illness on his way back to France on board the Oriflamme. He was widely attacked for his role in the Siamese debacle. His own version of the events was published anonymously in 1691.Lach, p.
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Oriflamme Canyon is a steep mountain canyon, in San Diego County, California that descends from its head in the Laguna Mountains, at , in an arc northwestward then northeastward to join Rodriguez Canyon at the northwest end of Mason Valley, where Vallecito Wash has its source.
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Oriflamme again encountered the British, this time when she was chased by the 50-gun , under Captain Edward Wheeler, off the Mediterranean coast of Morocco on 1 April 1761. The two engaged at 6pm, with Wheeler being killed early in the exchange of fire. Command then devolved to Lieutenant Cunningham, who on seeing that the French ship was trying to escape towards Spain, ran aboard her, and soon forced her to strike her colours. Oriflamme, which had been armed en flûte and was carrying between 40 and 50 guns during the action, had 50 killed and wounded from her complement of around 370.Dull, p.213.
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Philip the Bold financed and provided one fifth of the force. The army included King Charles VI and the dukes of Burgundy, Bourbon and Berry, lords Clisson, Sancerre, Coucy, and other notables. The Oriflamme was carried for the first time since the Battle of Poitiers.Tuchman, p. 387.
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Oriflamme, the Franklin and Marshall College yearbook, was established in 1883. In 1887, the centennial celebration of Franklin College was held at the school. By then, over 100 students were enrolled at F&M.; 1899 saw the formation of the college's first theatre group, the Franklin & Marshall Dramatic Association.
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Desfarges finally left with his men to Pondicherry on 13 November, on board the Oriflamme and two Siamese ships, the Siam and the Louvo, provided by Phetracha.De la Touche in Smithies 2002, p.73 Altogether, the siege had lasted more than four months, until the negotiated settlement was reached.Martin, p.
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Mass is then said, with the collect "God, who didst visit those who are humble, etc.", the Epistle is Lev. 26:6-9 and the Gospel is Matthew 22:15-22, the king receiving Holy Communion under both species (bread and wine). At the conclusion of the Mass the Oriflamme is blessed.
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But, the competition with electrical cancelling machine won when large and pictorial cancellationsNamed "flammes" in French philately, from the word oriflamme. It is a reminder that the first pictorial cancellations in France were drawings of flags. when Daguin commercial marks were text only. In the 1950s the last Daguin machines lasted in small post offices.
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Rodriguez Canyon is a steep mountain canyon, in San Diego County, California. It has its head at at an elevation of 4,120 feet in the Cuyamaca Mountains. Is mouth is at 2,549 feet / 777 meters, at its confluence with Oriflamme Canyon, where they form the head of Vallecito Wash, at the northwestern end of Mason Valley.
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When the king went to war, he had to take the oriflamme in Saint-Denis, near Paris. The knights, as lords, got their own colours (the member of the capetian dynasty were recognizable because of the lys flower on their family heraldry). The French field units got a white cross, called "Croix de France" (Cross of France). The English got a red cross.
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The French charges continued into the night, all with the same result: fierce fighting followed by a French repulse. Philip himself was caught up in the fighting, had two horses killed from underneath him, and received an arrow in the jaw. The oriflamme was captured after its bearer was killed. The French broke and fled; the English, exhausted, slept where they had fought.
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The Siamese troops apparently received Dutch support in their fight against the French. On 9 September the French warship Oriflamme, carrying 200 troops and commanded by de l'Estrilles, arrived at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River, but was unable to dock at the Bangkok fortress as the Siamese had blocked entrance to the river. Phaulkon's Catholic Japanese-Portuguese wife Maria Guyomar de Pinha, who had been promised protection by being ennobled a countess of France, took refuge with the French troops in Bangkok, but Desfarges returned her to the Siamese under pressure from Phetracha on 18 October 18; she was condemned to perpetual slavery in the kitchens of Phetracha. Desfarges finally negotiated to return with his men to Pondicherry on 13 November, on board the Oriflamme and two Siamese ships, the Siam and the Louvo, provided by Phetracha.
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Monteil joined the Navy as a Garde- Marine in 1741. He took part in the Battle of Cape Sicié on 22 February 1744, and was promoted to Ensign in 1746. That year, he served on the 24-gun frigate Volage, on which he was in combat against the 70-gun HMS Stirling Castle on 15 April. Volage was captured, but Oriflamme retook her the day after.
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Osborn intercepted Duquesne and his three ships of the line and one frigate. The subsequent action became known as the Battle of Cartagena and took place on 28 February 1758. Osborn's squadron captured two of the French line of battle ships and, under the guns of the Spanish castle the 60-gun French Oriflamme was driven on shore by the Montagu and the .Naval Chronicle Vol.
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He detached ships to pursue the retreating French. The Orphee was caught and overpowered by three British ships while the Oriflamme was deliberately run aground to save it from capture. The third ship Foudroyant, Duquesne's flagship, tried to outrun the danger but was pursued by the Monmouth. After a chase that lasted into the night, the Monmouth caught up with the French ship and began to engage it.
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The Siamese troops also apparently received Dutch support in their fight against the French.De la Touche, in Smithies 2002, p. 66-71 On September 9, the French warship Oriflamme, carrying 200 troops and commanded by de l'Estrilles, arrived at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River, but was unable to dock at the Bangkok fortress as the entrance to the river was being blocked by the Siamese.Desfarges, in Smithies 2002, p.
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The oriflamme, which became the standard of France, was the banner consecrated upon his tomb. His veneration spread beyond France when, in 754, Pope Stephen II brought veneration of Saint Denis to Rome. Soon his cultus was prevalent throughout Europe. Abbot Suger removed the relics of Denis, and those associated with Rustique and Eleuthére, from the crypt to reside under the high altar of the Saint-Denis he rebuilt, 1140-44.
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Upper Green Valley was a part of a pathway between the California coast in the vicinity of San Diego and the Colorado River. U.S. Army couriers used it during and after the Mexican–American War. San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line, mules carried passengers 18 miles up and down Upper Green Valley, Oriflamme Canyon, Vallecito Wash, Vallecito Creek and Carrizo Creek between Lassiter's Ranch and Carrizo Creek Station.
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Sometime in early 1872, Ben Holladay placed the steamers Ajax, J. L. Stephens, and Oriflamme in a new corporation, the Oregon Steamship Company. This new company served only the San Francisco to Portland route and thus buttressed Holladay's riverboat and railroad business in Oregon. He subsequently sold the rest of the North Pacific Transportation Company fleet to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. January 1872 found Ajax fulfilling her original role in supporting Army logistics.
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The pennon was sometimes pointed, but more generally forked or swallow-tailed at the end. In the 11th century, the pennon was generally square, the fly end being decorated with the addition of pointed tongues or streamers, somewhat similar to the oriflamme. During the reign of Henry III, the pennon acquired the distinctive swallow-tail, or the single- pointed shape. Another version of the single-pointed pennon was introduced in the 13th century.
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Lafayette denied that the flag contains any reference to the red-and-white livery of the Duc d'Orléans. Despite this, Orléanists adopted the tricolour as their own. Blue and red are associated with the Virgin Mary, the patroness of France, and were the colours of the oriflamme. The colours of the French flag may also represent the three main estates of the Ancien Régime (the clergy: white, the nobility: red and the bourgeoisie: blue).
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The banner was red or orange-red silk and flown from a gilded lance.Slater (2002), p.33 According to legend, its colour stems from it being dipped in the blood of the recently beheaded St. Denis. The surviving descriptions of the Oriflamme are in Guillaume le Breton (thirteenth century), in the "Chronicle of Flanders" (fourteenth century), in the "Registra Delphinalia" (1456) and in the inventory of the treasury of St. Denis (1536).
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Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of France with the royal motto: "Montjoie Saint- Denis!" Montjoie Saint Denis! () was the battle cry and motto of the Kingdom of France (including the Bourbon Restoration). It allegedly referred to Charlemagne's legendary banner the Oriflamme, which was also known as the "Montjoie" (Old French: Munjoie) and was kept at the Abbey of Saint Denis, ultimately in reference to Saint Dionysius, though alternative explanations exist (see below).
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The French army moved forward late in the afternoon, unfurling their sacred battle banner, the oriflamme, indicating that no prisoners would be taken. As they advanced, a sudden rainstorm broke over the field. The English archers de-strung their bows to avoid the strings becoming slackened; the Genoese with their crossbows did not need to take precautions, as their bowstrings were made of leather. The Genoese engaged the English longbowmen in an archery duel.
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Philip, with the cavalry reserve and the royal standard, the Oriflamme, positioned himself to the rear of the men on foot. It is said by William the Breton, chaplain to Philip at the battle, that the soldiers stood in line in a space of 40,000 steps (), which leaves very little clearance and predisposes to hand-to-hand fighting. William the Breton also says in his chronicle that "the two lines of combatants were separated by a small space".
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King Philip unhorsed and Hugh de Boves fleeing the battle (from the Chronica Majora, c. 1250 by Matthew Paris) The French urban militia infantry, 2,150 strong, were gathered under the Oriflamme in the centre, in front of Philip's knights and the fleur-de-lis standard. Soon after deploying, they were attacked by Allied knights and infantry under Otto and thrown back. Otto and his knights had nearly reached the French king when they were halted by French knights.
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Edition Oriflamme, 2017. The Rosicrucian manifestos heralded a "universal reformation of mankind", through a science allegedly kept secret for decades until the intellectual climate might receive it. Controversies arose on whether they were a hoax, whether the "Order of the Rosy Cross" existed as described in the manifestos, and whether the whole thing was a metaphor disguising a movement that really existed, but in a different form. In 1616, Johann Valentin Andreae famously designated it as a "ludibrium".
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The Corps' role after the Revolutionary War was to survey and build roads, railways and bridges, to improve navigation on the nation's waterways, and to map the vast, unexplored wilderness that was this nation. But the Corps' Portland District office traces its beginnings to 17 April 1871, when Maj. Henry M. Robert stepped off the steamship Oriflamme onto Portland's bustling waterfront. Robert was there to open the Corps' Portland Engineers Office—the forerunner of Portland District.
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Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a fiery cavalry general, demanded considerable territorial concessions including Normandy in return for aid to Burgundy. Now desperate to save the honour of the Oriflamme the Armagnacs resorted to seeking English arbitration in the internal dispute. At the Treaty of Buzancais the English demanded a punitively large ransom from the Armagnacs. In a series of humiliating encounters their leading general, Dauphin Louis, Duke of Guyenne was outmanoeuvred, defeated and forced into a Treaty of Auxerre.
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Vallecito Wash is a wash part of Vallecito Creek, a tributary stream of Carrizo Creek, in San Diego County, California. Vallecito Wash has its source on the east side of the Cuyamaca Mountains, at an elevation of 2,549 feet / 777 meters, at the junction of Oriflamme Canyon and Rodriguez Canyon at . It then trends southeast about 4 miles through Mason Valley to its southeast end at an elevation of 1,955 feet / 596 meters, where it continues as Vallecito Creek.
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Smithies 2002, p.19 On April 10, 1689, Desfarges - who had remained in Pondicherry - led an expedition to capture the tin-producing island of Phuket in an attempt to restore some sort of French control in Siam.Hall, p.350 The island was captured temporarily in 1689,Dhivarat na Prombejra, in Reid p.266 but the occupation led nowhere, and Desfarges returned to Pondicherry in January 1690.Smithies 2002, p.185 Recalled to France, he left 108 troops in Pondicherry to bolster defenses, and left with his remaining troops on the Oriflamme and the Company ships Lonré and Saint-Nicholas on February 21, 1690.Smithies 2002, p.179 Desfarges died on his way back trying to reach Martinique, and the Oriflamme later sank on February 27, 1691, with most of the remaining French troops, off the coast of Britanny.Smithies 2002, p.16/p.185 France was unable to stage any comeback or organize a retaliation due to its involvement in major European conflicts: the War of the League of Augsburg (1688–1697), and then the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713/1714).
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Stitching the Standard - oil on canvas (1911) During the Middle Ages, the units had not really colours. They got often the heraldry of their lord. The armies got the fleurdelisé, a kind of French national flag : blue with lys flowers, because lys flowers were the symbol of France and of the King of France, until the 19th century. The King of France had also an official battle standard, the Oriflamme : a special flag, red with gold, and the motto "Montjoie Saint-Denis".
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The building—designed by Minoru Yamasaki, architect of New York's World Trade Center—originally housed the campus bookstore. Today it houses the College Reporter, the Oriflamme Yearbook, the College Entertainment Committee, the Phillips Museum of Art, Pandini's (a restaurant), the campus radio station WFNM, and a post office. On April 29, 1976, the Green Room Theatre staged the world premiere of the John Updike play Buchanan Dying, about former President James Buchanan, a Lancaster resident and former President of the Board of Trustees.
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The abbey was founded in 1224 by Barthélemy de Roye, chamberlain of King Philippe-Auguste. It was built close to the donjon or fortress of Montjoye, where (as the canons maintained) the oriflamme, the standard given to Charlemagne by Pope Leo III, was anciently preserved and (according to legend) the location of the Fontaine des Lys, the site of the conversion of Clovis.Dutilleux, A.: Abbaye de Joyenval. Mémoires de la Société historique et archéologique de l'arrondissement de Pontoise et du Vexin (1890), vol.
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The order was inspired by Geoffroy de Charny, theoretician of chivalry and elite knight who ultimately earned the apex privilege of Oriflamme bearer. In part it was intended to prevent the disaster of Crécy and to this end only success on the battlefield counted towards a member's merit, not success in tournaments. By its statutes, members also received a small payment and the order provided housing in retirement. They were sworn not to retreat or move more than four arpents (about six acre's breadths) from a battle.
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On 10 April 1689, Desfarges, who had remained in Pondicherry, led an expedition to capture the island of Phuket in an attempt to restore some sort of French control in Siam.Dhiravat na Pombejra in Reid, p. 267 The occupation of the island led nowhere, and Desfarges returned to Pondicherry in January 1690. Recalled to France, he left 108 troops in Pondicherry to bolster defenses, and left with his remaining troops on the Oriflamme and the Company ships Lonré and Saint-Nicholas on 21 February 1690.
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Scene: A village on a plain near Poitiers The villagers prepare to celebrate the wedding of Nazir and Amasie but first they sing a chorus in praise of Raoul, a knight who gave his life fighting the invading Saracens. The wedding ceremony is interrupted by news that the enemy is ravaging the land again. The villagers agree to abandon the wedding until they have defeated the Saracens. A knight arrives bearing the oriflamme and rouses them to action in the name of Charles Martel.
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It was in 1868 that Nicholson, with his wife and son, embarked from San Francisco in the steamer Oriflamme for Washington Territory. He was being called to become the second rector of St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Vancouver, Washington Territory. While in Vancouver he worked extensively with Bishop Benjamin Wistar Morris to build the Episcopal faith in the Northwest. When Nicholson came to Vancouver, church services were still being held in the little building which had been consecrated by Reverend John D. McCarty in 1860.
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He founded the new Ban Phlu Luang dynasty. After that time, the tension around the French in Bangkok subsided, with fewer cannon shots being traded, and exchanges of food and services being resumed to a certain level. Some discussions were also cautiously started to find an agreement. On 9 September the French warship Oriflamme, carrying 200 troops and commanded by de l'Estrilles, arrived at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River, but was unable to dock at the Bangkok fortress as the entrance to the river was being blocked by the Siamese.
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Monarch went out to the Mediterranean in May 1757, and joined Henry Osborn's fleet. She was present with the fleet at the Battle of Cartagena on 28 February 1758, where Osborn defeated an attempt by a French squadron under Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville to relieve the French fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran which had been trapped in Cartagena. Together Monarch and drove ashore the 64-gun Oriflamme. Monarch was recommissioned in July 1759 under Captain Lachlin Leslie, but spent her time on harbour service and was paid off in September 1760.
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Parsons and Helen wrote to them to defend their mentor but Germer ordered him to stand down; Parsons was appointed as temporary head of the Lodge. Some veteran Lodge members disliked Parsons' influence, concerned that it encouraged excessive sexual polyandry that was religiously detrimental, but his charismatic orations at Lodge meetings assured his popularity among the majority of followers. Parsons soon created the Thelemite journal Oriflamme, in which he published his own poetry, but Crowley was unimpressedparticularly due to Parsons' descriptions of drug useand the project was soon shelved.
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In 1902, Reuss began publishing a masonic journal, The Oriflamme, as the organ of these collected rites. Reuss's rites aroused some degree of curiosity in the German-speaking Masonic milieu, as high degree Freemasonry had not been very widespread in Germany during the 1800s. The O.T.O. had several hundred members and affiliates at its peak, but by 1905 and after Kellner's death, Reuss began to lose his supporters. He was attacked in Masonic periodicals for his alleged lack of Masonic regularity and credentials, and for the alleged homosexual elements in Reuss's initiations.
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The etymology of the term "Montjoie" is uncertain and debated, with three main hypotheses for its origin. It is first recorded in The Song of Roland (12th century). The Catholic Encyclopedia suggested it originated in a term for marking stones or cairns set up on the roadside, in Late Latin known as mons Jovis ("mountain of Jove"), which from in Middle French appears as monjoie. According to the Encyclopedia, cairns were used by warriors as gathering places and was applied to the Oriflamme, by analogy in that it guided warriors into combat like they would meet by said cairns.
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On 16 April 1746, Oriflamme recaptured the 24-gun frigate Volage, that the 70-gun HMS Stirling Castle had taken the day before. She narrowly survived one encounter with the Royal Navy during the Seven Years' War, but was captured during a later engagement by HMS Isis off Cape Trafalgar, on 1 April 1761. She was not taken into British service but was used as a merchant ship, ending her days in Spanish service. She sailed on her last voyage in 1770, but her crew apparently succumbed to a plague and the ship was lost at sea.
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Mason Valley is a valley in San Diego County, California. Mason Valley was named after a settler, James E. Mason who established a ranch in the valley in the later 19th century. The mouth of the valley is at an elevation of 1,995 feet / 608 meters, at the point where the valley narrows into a canyon where the Vallecito Wash continues as Vallecito Creek and passes between the Sawtooth Range and the Vallecito Mountains. The head of Mason Valley is at an elevation of 2550 feet at at the junction of Oriflamme Canyon and Rodriguez Canyon where Vallecito Wash has its source.
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The knights considered that this view of the prince's position was sound, and gave their verdict for d'Audrehem. However he was unable to pay his ransom until 1369. In 1368, on account of his age, he was relieved of the office of marshal, being appointed bearer of the oriflamme, with a pension of 2,000 livres. He was sent to Spain in 1370 by Charles V of France to urge his friend du Guesclin to return to France, and in spite of his age he took part in the Battle of Pontvallain (December 1370), but fell ill and died, probably at Saumur, in the latter part of December 1370.
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It turned out that the French had little stomach for a showdown with the English and their allies, preferring instead to negotiate: part of the French army was unwilling to fight when Despenser and Calveley encountered it when moving towards Picardy. It is possible that had King Richard crossed the Channel with a large English army, the campaign would have ended in a famous victory. However, for the demoralised and disease-ridden English forces, the arrival of the French headed by the boy-king Charles was decisive. Charles had taken the oriflamme on 2 August and his army was mustered in Arras on 15 August.
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In the event the French attacked later the same afternoon; it is unclear from the contemporary sources whether this was a deliberate choice by Philip, or because too many of the large number of French knights kept pressing forward and the battle commenced against Philip's wishes. The French numbers are inconsistently reported, but it is clear that their army was very large for the period, and several times larger than the English force. The French unfurled their sacred battle banner, the oriflamme, indicating that no prisoners would be taken. A large force of Italian crossbowmen went forward to engage the English longbowmen in an archery duel.
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Famously, blind King John of Bohemia tied his horse's bridle to those of his attendants and galloped into the twilight; all were dragged from their horses and killed. There are accounts of entire English battles advancing on occasion to clear away broken French charges milling in front of them, then withdrawing in good order to their original positions. Philip himself was caught up in the fighting, had two horses killed underneath him, and received an arrow in the jaw. The bearer of the oriflamme was a particular target for the English archers; he was seen to fall but survived, albeit abandoning the sacred banner to be captured.
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Once a seasonal village of the native Kumeyaay people, called Hawi,Erwin Gustav Gudde, California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names, University of California Press, 1960, p.351 Hawi was in the Vallecito Valley on a trail between the Quechan peoples on the Colorado River and the Kumeyaay of the coastal San Diego area. After crossing the desert from Hawi, the trail ran up Oriflamme Canyon to Cañada Verde, (or Green Valley as it came to be called by later American settlers) in the Cuyamaca Mountains. From there, it ran down the western slope to the coast following the Sweetwater River.
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Oriflamme was not brought into the Royal Navy, but was instead sold into mercantile service. She appears to have then entered Spanish service, and was sold at auction to the company of Juan Baptista de Uztaris, Bros & Co. She set sail on her final voyager on 18 February 1770, departing Cadiz under the command of Captain Joseph Antonio de Alzaga, with Joseph de Zavalsa as Master and Manuel de Buenechea as pilot. On 25 July she was sighted by the Gallardo, whose captain, Juan Esteban de Ezpeleta (es), knew de Alzaga. The Gallardo signalled to her with a cannon shot, but it went unanswered.
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Parsons attracted controversy in Pasadena for his preferred clientele. Parsonage resident Alva Rogers recalled in a 1962 article for an occultist fanzine: "In the ads placed in the local paper Jack specified that only bohemians, artists, musicians, atheists, anarchists, or any other exotic types need to apply for rooms—any mundane soul would be unceremoniously rejected". Some veteran Lodge members disliked Parsons' influence, concerned that it encouraged excessive sexual polyandry that was religiously detrimental, but his charismatic orations at Lodge meetings assured his popularity among the majority of followers. Parsons soon created the Thelemite journal Oriflamme, in which he published his own poetry, but Crowley was unimpressedparticularly due to Parsons' descriptions of drug useand the project was soon shelved.
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In 1857, Vallecito and Lassitor's Green Valley ranch became a stops on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line that at first used the old Native American route to San Diego via Julian Sandoval's Ranch, Williams Ranch, Ames Ranch and Mission San Diego. Travelers willing to take mules could descend or ascend Oriflamme Canyon between Lassitor's Green Valley ranch and Carrizo Creek Station. Others staying with coaches took the Southern Immigrant Trail to Rancho Valle de San Felipe and Warner Pass and then followed the old wagon road to San Diego from Warner's Ranch via San Ysabel, Rancho Santa María, San Pasqual and Rancho Peñasquitos. When the Butterfield Overland Mail took over the mail route, its route was changed northward to Los Angeles.
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26Black, p.106 Of the three French hostages who were supposed to remain in Siam until the Siamese ships were returned, only Mgr Laneau, Bishop of Metellopolis, actually remained, while Véret, the head of the French factory, and the Chevalier Desfarges, son of the General, managed to flee on board the Oriflamme. The Siamese, angered by the non-respect of the agreement, seized some of the French baggage, about 17 remaining French soldiers, and put Mgr Laneau in prison for several years. On 14 November, the day following the departure of the French, the 1644 Treaty and Alliance of Peace between Siam and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was renewed, guaranteeing the Dutch the deerskin export monopoly they had had, and giving them freedom to trade freely in Siamese ports with anyone.
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Geoffroi was a knight in the service of King Jean II of France and a founding member of the Order of the Star, an order of chivalry founded on 6 November 1351 by Jean II of France similar to the Order of the Garter (1347) by Edward III of England. He was also the carrier of the Oriflamme, the standard of the crown of France, an immensely privileged, not to mention dangerous, honour, as it made the holder a key target of enemy forces on the battlefield. Geoffroi de Charny was one of Europe's most admired knights during his lifetime, with a widespread reputation for his skill at arms and his honour. It was said that in his time he was known as a "true and perfect Knight".
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Smithies 2002, p.100 who had been promised protection by being ennobled a countess of France, took refuge with the French troops in Bangkok, but Desfarges returned her to the Siamese under pressure from Phetracha on October 18.Smithies 2002, p.11/p.184 Despite the promises that had been made regarding her safety, she was condemned to perpetual slavery in the kitchens of Phetracha.Smithies 2002, p.51, note 101 Desfarges finally negotiated to return with his men to Pondicherry on November 13, on board the Oriflamme and two Siamese ships, the Siam and the Louvo, provided by Phetracha.De la Touche, in Smithies 2002, p.73 Some of the French troops remained in Pondicherry to bolster the French presence there, but most left for France on February 16, 1689 aboard the French Navy Normande and the French Company Coche, with the engineer Vollant des Verquains and the Jesuit Le Blanc aboard.
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His son, Guy V (1346-1398), was called "The Valiant" according to Père Anselme, being a renowned warrior, the confidante of Philip the Hardy of Burgundy, and later counselor in the service of Charles VI of France, whose Oriflamme he carried into battle against the English in 1382. He journeyed with Louis II, Duke of Bourbon on crusade to Africa, and died in Rhodes en route to France, having been ransomed in 1396 following imprisonment at Nicopolis. His son George (1382-1444), became Grand Chamberlain of France in 1406 and husband in 1416 of Joan II, Countess of Auvergne, thereby also acquiring the counties of Boulogne and Guînes. His rivalry with Arthur de Richemont, rather than hostility to Joan of Arc, is believed to have slowed her crusade's momentum against the English, allowing them to capture and burn her at the stake in 1431.
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According to the cartulary of Saint-Seurin at Bordeaux in 1009, "the custom is that no count [of Gascony] can legitimately govern in this city of Bordeaux if he has not received the charge of the consulate, eyes lowered, from the most holy saint bishop Seurin and if he does not make an annual tribute." A later notice from between 1160 and 1180, says specifically that the would-be count must lay his sword on Saint Seurin's altar and then only take it up again after receiving the saint's standard. These practices parallel the practice of the French kings of receiving their kingdom from Saint Denis and carrying his banner, the Oriflamme. It is possible, however, that the notices in the cartulary of Saint-Seurin, which both elevate that religious house and at the same time distance the dukes of Gascony from any French vassalage, were forged in the late 12th century to advance the cause of the Plantagenets.
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Stephen Rodefer's papers were purchased by Stanford University and are on permanent view there. Rodefer died at the age of 74 in Paris in August, 2015. With graduate degrees from the State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo and from San Francisco State University, Rodefer was the author of One or Two Love Poems from the White World, The Bell Clerk's Tears Keep Flowing, Four Lectures (which was a winner of the American Poetry Center’s Annual Book Award), Oriflamme Day (with poet Benjamin Friedlander), Emergency Measures, Passing Duration, Leaving, Erasures, Left Under A Cloud, Call It Thought, and Mon Canard, among other titles. His essay on canon-formation, "The Age in its Cage: A Note to Mr Mendelssohn on the Sociologic Allegory of Literature and the Deformation of the Canonymous", was featured in the Chicago Review, and that literary journal published a special issue devoted to his work in 2008. In addition to Villon, Rodefer has published translations of Sappho, selections from the Greek Anthology, Catullus, Lucretius, Dante, Baudelaire, Rilke, Frank O’Hara and the Cuban poet Noel Nicola.
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Habemus Papam at the Council of Constance Sustained by such national and factional rivalries throughout Catholic Christianity, the schism continued after the deaths of both Urban VI in 1389 and Clement VII in 1394. Boniface IX, who was crowned at Rome in 1389, and Benedict XIII, who reigned in Avignon from 1394, maintained their rival courts. When Pope Boniface died in 1404, the eight cardinals of the Roman conclave offered to refrain from electing a new pope if Benedict would resign; but when Benedict's legates refused on his behalf, the Roman party then proceeded to elect Pope Innocent VII. In the intense partisanship characteristic of the Middle Ages, the schism engendered a fanatical hatred noted by Johan Huizinga:Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages, 1924:14 when the town of Bruges went over to the "obedience" of Avignon, a great number of people left to follow their trade in a city of Urbanist allegiance; in the 1382 Battle of Roosebeke, the oriflamme, which might only be unfurled in a holy cause, was taken up against the Flemings, because they were Urbanists and thus viewed by the French as schismatics.
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The crowns of the Holy Roman Empire and Napoleon Bonaparte were for instance both respectively named "The Crown of Charlemagne", and Charlemagne's personal sword, Joyeuse, served as a coronation sword for French kings from the 11th century onwards.Coronation sword and scabbard of the Kings of France, Decorative Arts : Early Middle Ages, Louvre The cult of Charlemagne was further embellished by the French renaissance author Jean Lemaire de Belges, who postulated that the emperor was part of an illustrious translatio imperii originating with King Priam of Troy during the Trojan Wars, and thus by extension Zeus, the "Father of Gods and men" in Greek Mythology. Today, much of the pan-European, symbolic value of Charlemagne is attributed to the fact that he is considered an embodiment of the Franco-German friendship which was absent during the long-lasting enmity which culminated in the two world wars, but has become indispensable in the process of European integration. Thus, in the 1952 design competition for the Council of Europe's flag, several of the unsuccessful proposals were redolent of the Oriflamme; the banner given to Charlemagne by Pope Leo III at his coronation in the St. Peter's Basilica in the year 800.
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