Bear skull showing where olfactory neurons lead to the brain's olfactory bulb.
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The olfactory nerve begins in the nasal cavity and ends in the olfactory bulb, in the brain.
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Elephants' olfactory prowessThe results of this recent study are yet another entry in the olfactory resume of elephants.
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Quick anatomy lesson: Smell receptors in the nose send their signals via the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb.
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To induce hyposmia, they wiped out the mice's functioning olfactory sensory neurons with a corrosive chemical and used a drug to replace them with ciliopathic olfactory sensory neurons instead.
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The research team isolated and cultured a population of mouse GBCs that could be introduced to other mice's damaged olfactory tissue to jump-start the replenishment of olfactory neurons.
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And "there is little support for the notion that physically larger olfactory bulbs predict better olfactory function, regardless of whether bulb size is considered in absolute or relative terms," McGann writes.
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Sue sought to clear the air about the olfactory offensive.
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Another event was a storytelling workshop geared to olfactory memories.
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It's complicated — but where words fail, your olfactory glands won't.
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Triggers can be verbal, visual, physical, auditory, or olfactory (smell).
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But achieving this depends on cracking the fish's olfactory language.
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And Nowotny is examining how the olfactory system processes mixtures.
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They had to use mammalian olfactory receptors as their sensors.
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Recent research reveals that even though the size of the human olfactory bulb is relatively small, it still has about roughly the same number of neurons as the olfactory bulbs of most other mammals.
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Konneh tries a variety of scents to arouse her olfactory senses.
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Despite all this olfactory acuity, however, we remain intensely visual creatures.
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Another problem: "Olfactory disorders" are not specific to Alzheimer's disease, he said.
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It turns out, the human olfactory bulb is bigger than most animals'.
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But in the antimap of the olfactory cortex, that's not the case.
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The amoeba then uses the olfactory nerve to migrate to the brain.
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You sort of have to as I don't have an olfactory nerve.
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You're lost; having this many weird olfactory landmarks means you have none.
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"Your olfactory receptor and the olfactory neurons that are directly linked to the limbic brain and the limbic system, which shapes memory, emotion, and mood and is why our sense of scent is so powerful and emotive," Genson explains.
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Pretty much everyone within olfactory range was disgusted to some extent or another.
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It's inspired '90s garage-band tunes and a vast variety of olfactory experiences.
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And then when you're working with it, make associations: visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory.
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After my olfactory meningioma tumor was removed, I lost my sense of smell.
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Chemicals are detected in the upper airways by the olfactory and trigeminal nerves.
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Strangest of all were the olfactory sensors, sniffing out ammonia in human urine.
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Yet this olfactory epicenter of Tokyo life already has one foot in the grave.
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What if... you don't want to smell like the olfactory equivalent of a sweater?
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" Chris also said he needed an "olfactory palette cleanser" because "That Cheetos is strong.
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Canines have superb, elegantly engineered noses with olfactory abilities that far surpass our own.
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In the book, Dr. Horowitz writes about her experiments in recharging her olfactory system.
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Others certainly have set olfactory standards for my own; what were they expecting here?
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Its images might induce olfactory hallucinations of spilled liquor, cigarettes, nervous sweat and vomit.
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The olfactory bulb is the first stop in the brain for information about smell.
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The investigators were not even certain that Huang had been injecting olfactory ensheathing cells.
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Dogs have highly a specialized organ in their noses equipped with 300 million olfactory receptors.
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They've also got an olfactory organ in their brain that's 40 times bigger than ours.
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According to author Richard Betts our olfactory senses are far more developed than our tongues.
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One case in 2015 did bring attention to dogs finding hardware through their olfactory senses.
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In the 19th century, anatomists hypothesized that our evolving free will stunted our olfactory sense.
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Zhang wanted to change that—by figuring out some way to see an olfactory receptor.
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About half of any olfactory receptor sits outside the cell, ready to interact with molecules.
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Mershin, for his part, isn't so worried about the dawn of an olfactory surveillance state.
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The researchers hope their work will lead to better bio-inspired olfactory systems in robots.
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Scent is a comforting means of personalization, and olfactory memories tend to be particularly strong.
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However, Goldstein explained that significant improvement does not necessarily mean total recovery of the olfactory sense.
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Neurons in olfactory areas randomly sample the entire receptor space, not specific regions in a hierarchy.
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Navlakha created an olfactory-based similarity search algorithm and applied it to data sets of images.
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Specifically, the researchers were measuring the activity of neurons in the olfactory sensors of their brain.
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We asked Dr. Tricia Meredith, who literally wrote the book on the olfactory response of sharks.
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The evolutionary history of other groups of olfactory and taste receptors has yet to be deciphered.
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This aroma is detected by your olfactory system and contributes to the flavor of certain foods.
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Along it comes and en masse we march over the cliff of epicurean and olfactory logic.
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The olfactory nerves are involved in smell, while the trigeminal nerves can evoke irritation or pain.
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Muslimova's riff on the trope of woman as vessel is a perverse celebration of olfactory delight.
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This is splendid work if your olfactory senses are not troubled by the stench of corruption.
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Additional signs of decline may include the ability to 'learn new tricks,' memory and decreased olfactory sensation.
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Those tiny molecules hit your nose, and your olfactory system processes them and recognizes them as smells.
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Yet, despite these diverse sources of olfactory loss, they say there is a common factor: neurogenic exhaustion.
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Today, most scientists believe that the lock-and-key theory of olfactory bonding is far too simple.
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As they add receptors, the thinking goes, their digital olfactory rendering will become finer and more detailed.
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Yael: The movie was kinda funny but made me happy that movies are visual and not olfactory.
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Tabakow and Raisman concluded that there would be few usable olfactory ensheathing cells left in Fidyka's nose.
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The olfactory bulb, which processes smells, starts in the nose and runs along the bottom of the brain.
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Their olfactory glands are 10,000 times more sensitive than any piece of equipment we've been able to develop.
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They found that natural and synthesized versions of the compound elicited the same olfactory responses in captive lampreys.
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And their tendencies are defined by their being olfactory creatures — animals who smell the world first, unlike humans.
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Their intensive coursework includes completing 22 different proficiency exams, ranging from olfactory tests to identifying different roast levels.
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The olfactory bulb — the region where we process smells — was relatively small in humans compared to other animals.
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Experts on the relationship of the olfactory system and the brain link memory to the sense of smell.
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Now, new research has uncovered four genes that govern some of the variation in the human olfactory organ.
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Genetically engineered mice that did not produce the substance, a protein called CNGA4, had profoundly impaired olfactory adaptation.
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Thus far, our phones have engaged only our senses of sight and sound, leaving our olfactory organs untapped.
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But Dr. Herz speculates that having stronger olfactory abilities as dusk fell might have helped our ancestors survive.
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Mr. Kurkdjian, the head of an eponymous perfumery, has become known for his olfactory installations and art collaborations.
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Dr. Kashiwadani said that with continuous exposure, the olfactory system gets used to the odor and responds less.
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Canines have 21625 million olfactory receptors in their nasal cavities, which are integral to a sense of smell.
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"Tasting wine is 80 percent olfactory," said Blair Pence, owner of Pence Vineyards in the Santa Ynez Valley.
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Until I began working on this article, the olfactory experience was the limit of my engagement with the noni.
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That's good, because that sense of olfactory immersion comes at a cost: the RE7 candle is a whopping $18.99.
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Dr. Donald McBurney, professor emeritus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, has researched olfactory comfort in close relationships.
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In 245 a team of designers renovated the complex with structural, textural, and olfactory updates—not just visual ones.
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A match will be made if one client likes the scent of another and the olfactory attraction is mutual.
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I remember opening a vat of sour cream and taking a good whiff, nearly fainting from the olfactory blowback.
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"I can't exclude the possibility that the olfactory system plays a role in the munchies as well," Horvath says.
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First synthesized by the chemist Albert Bauer in 1888, artificial musk now encompasses a wide variety of olfactory compounds.
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Once the delicate combination of rose elixir and culturally appropriated herbs hits those olfactory receptors, it's time to shop!
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The scientists who conducted the study looked for patterns in subjects' genetic code that could explain these olfactory differences.
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About a quarter of adults, and more than half of those over 80, have some degree of olfactory impairment.
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It also suggests that visual (and sonic, and olfactory) art will likely become increasingly significant for him going forward.
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"There is only one sensory nerve that goes right to your brain, and that's the olfactory nerve," Edwards said.
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The results suggest that the diversification and specialization of olfactory receptors were keys to the evolution of ant sociality.
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In April, 2012, Tabakow, with his medical team, opened up Fidyka's skull and removed part of his olfactory bulb.
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The genetic variants in the olfactory receptors are now thought to be the reason behind those that dislike the herb.
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Then, there are tiny branches of the smell nerve (the olfactory nerve), that penetrate the skull base through small holes.
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But a lot of animals have a second olfactory system that's geared towards dealing with odors that are really heavy.
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This means our olfactory organ, essentially millions of nerves, has an impressive ability to recall scents we have previously encountered.
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Although we first discovered olfactory receptors in the nose, many different parts of our bodies make use of chemical receptors.
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Soon after that motormouthed introduction, Richie swaggered back into our meeting room, a whirling olfactory dervish of cigarettes and aftershave.
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However, when a "disgusting" agent is put into the mouth, molecules reach the olfactory receptors via the nasal pharynx retronasally.
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Her book is about the olfactory sense, its huge importance for the dog but also its overlooked role for ourselves.
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Humans have about 2000 kinds of olfactory receptors (far fewer than mice), but we can smell about 290,2100 distinct odors.
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Here's what Zhang knew, going into his quest: Olfactory receptors are membrane proteins, and they are complicated, alien little structures.
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Sniff researchers (yes, you read that correctly) have found we have about six million olfactory receptors; dogs have 300 million.
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To fuel their discussions, specialists in the fields of sound composition, olfactory reaction and even animal behavior were brought in.
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It traces 21000,21000 years of perfume history, from ancient Greece through modernity, with artifacts, videos, olfactory installations and explanatory panels.
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She was aware that I was in the next group of budding perfumers and she wanted my olfactory facility unconfused.
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Both Olfactory NYC and Dollar Shave Club have blogs where you can find all sorts of articles on fragrance education.
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This regrowth is managed by supporting cells, called olfactory ensheathing cells, which form tunnels that neurons thread their way through.
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Such olfactory individuality was not permitted; it was the sign of a flashy ego not ready to merge with the divine.
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Dogs don't approach shit as an aesthetic experience—they treat it as a source of social information, like an olfactory Instagram.
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Using olfactory receptors to shut down and kill off cancer cells might be a whole new way of treating the disease.
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In 2009, they showed that an olfactory model based on insects, initially created to recognize odors, could also recognize handwritten digits.
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A dog's olfactory capabilities are 21960 to 21971 times greater than those of a human; its hearing is four times stronger.
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She herself was shocked to find an olfactory receptor called Olfr78 in kidney cells, a finding that she reported in 2009.
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It's that special affinity, the theory now goes, along with the combinatorial nature of olfactory reactions, that accounts for unique scents.
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Even animals, for whom sexual urges are inexorably linked to olfactory sense, don't carry this single-minded pursuit through waking hours.
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The familiar aromas of sizzling burger meat and tater tots tickle my olfactory nerves, and my ears are at full attention.
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There's a flower garden so immodestly fragrant it seems to exceed all botanical limits, crossing from horticultural into Haribo olfactory territory.
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Could it be that they are responding to a higher concentration of food odors from crops, or some other olfactory cue?
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The olfactory bulb was surprisingly small, but wasn't matched by more complex or larger optical components to make up for it.
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Mice and humans' olfactory bulbs, for example, differ in relative size, but the number of neurons inside them are pretty similar.
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A type of surfboard wax infused with strong-smelling coconut and clove oils is supposed to offend their sensitive olfactory organs.
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Luckily, the brain and the olfactory nerve are both quite plastic, so there is a chance that the nerves can regrow.
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Ultimately, Otero-Pailos hopes to generate a methodology that could be replicated, as currently most olfactory practices relate to the perfume industry.
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Take the olfactory circuit of the fruit fly: 20093 projection neurons receive input from receptors that are each sensitive to different molecules.
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They posited a sort of lock-and-key relationship between the olfactory receptors in our noses and the molecules in the air.
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The researchers brought in dozens of subjects and stuck long tubes up their noses in an effort to stimulate the olfactory bulb.
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A ham stuffed with cabbage simmering on the stove for hours makes a lasting olfactory impression, and not necessarily a good one.
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Alternatively, if inhaled through the nose, the fine particles can get to the brain via the olfactory nerve in the nasal cavity.
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You have around 400 olfactory receptors at the top of your nasal cavity, and they activate differently depending on what you're smelling.
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No two Log Cabin scents smell alike — they invoke more of a mood board (chilly, smoky, ponderous) than a cohesive olfactory profile.
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Its brain case suggests T. rex's olfactory abilities were superb, even though a good sense of smell was probably rare in dinosaurs.
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These olfactory characteristics can communicate the presence of chemical compounds that may indicate degradation, something vital for conservators and curators to recognize.
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But these and other compounds, at very particular concentrations, work together to play the elaborate pipe organ that is our olfactory system.
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"Hundreds of thousands have had an olfactory introduction to Barren Island, though few have ever visited it," The Times wrote in 1890.
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Unlike taste buds and olfactory receptors, which the body replenishes continuously, the most delicate elements of the human auditory system don't regenerate.
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In the cool of the morning, the faint scent of manure, the olfactory signature of the Central Valley, hangs in the air.
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When you smell something, it's because your nose detects chemicals in the air and those chemicals stimulate olfactory neurons in your nasal cavity.
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A good winter perfume should always feel like the olfactory equivalent of your favorite wool sweater: warm, cozy, ideally not at all itchy.
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"There is also a wonderful olfactory quality to leather that is amazing," du Petit Thouars notes, "and fits well with a fragrance brand."
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He didn't want to bother with those finicky olfactory receptors, and he tried to convince Darpa that its requirement was a bad idea.
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The perfumer and I created a mixture of many different olfactory ingredients that give you a hint of the border in different perspective.
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And my anosmia was caused by rhinosinusitis, which means my blocked olfactory system cleared out after a miserable 10 days void of flavour.
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If you dip your nose in the glass the way you sniff wine, you'll overwhelm the olfactory cells linked to your taste buds.
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Around the turn of the 260th century, a blast of new olfactory chemicals were discovered, though Grasse is known for natural botanical components.
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Several large areas focus on how roses, jasmine and lavender are grown regionally; another area is cataloged by olfactory families: floral, fruity, etc.
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Raisman had severed the nerve in its spine that controlled its front left paw, then introduced olfactory ensheathing cells to heal the wound.
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Huang injected them with olfactory ensheathing cells taken from aborted fetuses, and claimed that some people were walking again within seventy-two hours.
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A third contingent theorizes that the bridge of nerve tissue taken from Fidyka's lower leg—not the olfactory ensheathing cells—deserves the credit.
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The human sense of smell is not very acute, so the olfactory bulb is relatively small—about the size of a sunflower seed.
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This is all very well established, but we don't actually know how this olfactory information is being processed and interpreted in the dog's brain.
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But the delicious scents — apple rosemary, lavender mint, and strawberry basil — reach a whole new olfactory level when paired with the matching artisanal sweets.
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Those neurons are located high in the nose and they send information across the skull base to a brain structure called the olfactory bulb.
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So it should come as no surprise that they can also experience emotions, like love and belonging, as an olfactory sensory perception as well.
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The olfactory bulb — the area of the brain that processes odors — is tightly connected to the amygdala, which is where the brain reacts emotionally.
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There is even a scanning area with an "electronic nose" to measure olfactory properties; something you likely won't find in a standard winery lab.
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Since then, however, the olfactory system has become particularly well characterized, and it's something that can be studied easily in flies and other insects.
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Mershin and Zhang decided they would grow a bunch of olfactory receptors in their lab and then essentially smear them onto a circuit board.
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Another recent study suggested that marijuana could affect the olfactory bulb in the brain, essentially making food smell much better than it usually does.
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The finding, reported Monday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that elephants' olfactory worlds are richer and more informative than ours.
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Throughout their lives, mother and son share echoing preoccupations with domesticity and sensuality, and are particularly attentive to the world's tactile and olfactory details.
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By 1924, a major textbook described human olfactory bulbs almost as if evolution of higher thought had shrunken them to near useless, atrophied blobs.
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Traversing a human nostril, attaching to the olfactory nerve, and eating its way north is just an accident of nature, not an evil plan.
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If a dog's nose can sniff out malaria, then it's conceivable that a portable diagnostic device modeled off the canine olfactory system can be developed.
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I never realized the architectural marvels of olfactory sensations or how the internet could be as rocky as a hurricane if you rode its currents.
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When they get into our noses, those molecules interact with receptors that send signals to a small part of our brains called the olfactory bulb.
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The olfactory mutations may have harmed the ability to forage and to even smell the flowers that made up an important part of their diet.
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The scientists would like to study the IRs further to learn more, as they suspect this olfactory system can detect infrared radiation and humidity levels.
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Such countermeasures could include everything from finding ways to mask human scent, through to gene drives that could disable the mosquito's human-specific olfactory capacities.
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In fact, dogs have 25 more smell receptors than humans which translates to an olfactory ability more than 100,000 times stronger than their pet parents.
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"As the olfactory message enters the brain, it passes the area where cognitive recognition occurs and a positive or negative association is formed," continues Dove.
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"People tend to see wear and tear, or a failure to maintain a healthy olfactory neuron population in [their] nose," Goldstein told Gizmodo by phone.
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Sure, it was usually a total gimmick, but it's hard to resist the urge to bring the page to life — if only for your olfactory.
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Events and diseases and mental states leave reports in the air—ones that are intelligible to highly attuned olfactory systems but otherwise illegible to science.
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As in "Untitled (To Sappho)," Twombly compresses the visual (the mirror), the tactile (the opulent layer of paint), and the olfactory senses (the smudged flowers).
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But for the hardworking roasters, grinders, and packers who make that olfactory experience possible for you every morning, it could be more toxic than intoxicating.
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By stimulating your olfactory nerve with a system that looks like one of those old-fashioned kids electronics kits, they've been able to simulate smells.
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Smell researchers even speculate that high contemporary divorce rates may be related to the overuse of deodorants and the underuse of our natural olfactory intelligence.
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"The olfactory regions are relevant to diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, where initial neurodegeneration is isolated to regions important in smell," the paper states.
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In it, she explains the elegant engineering of the dog's olfactory system and how familiar canine behaviors — licking, sneezing, tail-wagging — have associations with smell.
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Once you accept the reality of your eventual perspiration, you can take measures to hinder and lessen the visible and olfactory signs of said sweating.
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The unique aroma of each plant species results from a blend of thousands of molecules, an olfactory manifestation of the diverse chemical ecologies of trees.
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Tip "It's helpful to think of spiciness as something other than painful," says Pamela Dalton, an olfactory researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia.
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Munshi-South and his collaborators found evidence that the genes controlling the olfactory sensors of New York's rats have been dramatically transformed by natural selection.
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Eli Thompson was born in March 2015 with an extremely rare condition known as congenital arhinia: he has no external nose, nasal cavity or olfactory system.
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Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads We've all experienced it, whether we think of ourselves as olfactory aficionados or not: flashbacks and recollections triggered by perfume.
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Or simply put, the olfactory sensory neurons in your nose responsible for sending scent signals to the brain become worn out and unable to repair themselves.
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They live in the olfactory epithelium, a thin piece of tissue that sits at the top of the nasal cavity, right where it meets the skull.
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It didn't hurt me in any way but in order to make sure they removed all of the tumour, they had to move my olfactory nerve.
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Some believe they are carried via white blood cells, whereas others say it may enter through the olfactory nerve traveling from the nose to the brain.
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Animals were compelled by whatever they smelled; humans, with smaller olfactory bulbs and larger frontal lobes (then understood as related to speech and thought), were not.
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Women have more cells in the olfactory bulb: 16.2 million cells total in the average woman, compared with 9.2 million total cells in the average man.
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Today many of us learn that our pancake of an olfactory bulb isn't of much value because other animals have relatively bigger systems to process odors.
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And, as once advancing areas of spinal research have slowed, many surgeons have tried implanting olfactory ensheathing cells in humans, despite the scarcity of experimental data.
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Maybe it was the fact that some immature neurons were injected with the olfactory ensheathing cells; maybe it was the removal of scar tissue during surgery.
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