143 Sentences With "minus sign" | Random Sentence Generator

If you make a mistake, you can tap the minus sign.

That's because the minus sign could be missed, resulting in errors.

To remove it, tap the red minus sign and then tap "Remove."

A minus sign will show up to the left of each reminder.

Use the minus sign (-) to exclude certain words from your search results.

Tap on the minus sign and the app will be forced close.

That's a minus sign in front of the 20183, signaling a negative tax rate.

You can always remove it by tapping the red minus sign (-) to the left.

To remove a widget, tap the minus sign on the left side of the screen. 6.

To unblock a number, tap the minus sign for each one on the right side of the screen.

Tap the Do Not Disturb button (it looks like a circle with a minus sign through the middle).

Click a program's name in the list and then click the minus (-) sign to remove it from the list.

What examples, beyond the ones given here, can you think of where adding a minus sign to a search might help?

Putting a minus sign in front of a search reverses it—for example, use -is:unread to show everything that has been read.

There are two primary electrodes in a lithium battery, the anode and the cathode (think the plus and minus sign on your AA battery).

Right after the war, I added a list of my girlfriends, marking the names of those who did not survive with a minus sign.

Celsius, from Sweden, wanted to be able to measure frigid temperatures without using negative numbers, because the minus sign could be overlooked, resulting in errors.

To stop an unwanted program from starting up, click its name in the list and then click the minus (-) sign at the bottom of the list.

"Capitalism, almost commonsensically, cannot function well at the zero bound or with a minus sign as a yield," said Gross, who oversees the Janus Global Unconstrained Bond Fund.

In a third column, put a plus sign next to each name that you consider a rich relationship and put a minus sign next to the poor relationships.

If you only want to see the home button and want to get rid of the rest of the options, tap the minus sign until it only shows one icon.

"If [my model is] real, it would suggest that the missing 95 percent of the cosmos had an aesthetic solution: we had forgotten to include a simple minus sign," Farnes concluded in the Conversation.

Just six months into his tenure at This Side of Capital, probably a year shy of turning thirty, he had omitted a minus sign in an Excel spreadsheet and turned negative margins positive and a clear sell into a screaming buy.

However, we can define the potential energy with respect to an infinite distance away and get the following expression: As you can see, that's pretty similar to our equation above for FG. Why is there a minus sign on this one?

The proposal, which differs from the no-boundary wave function primarily by way of a minus sign, casts the birth of the universe as a quantum mechanical "tunneling" event, similar to when a particle pops up beyond a barrier in a quantum mechanical experiment.

But a growing chorus of critics frets about the effects of the low-rate world—a topsy-turvy place where savers are charged a fee, where the yields on a large fraction of rich-world government debt come with a minus sign, and where central banks matter more than markets in deciding how capital is allocated.

Check out the products mentioned in this article:HP 14" Chromebook (From $249 at Best Buy)How to zoom in and out on a ChromebookIncrease or decrease the size of a specific page: Press the "Ctrl" button and the plus or minus sign button to zoom in and out — you can also reset the zoom quickly by pressing "Ctrl" and "0.

The en dash is sometimes used as a substitute for the minus sign, when the minus sign character is not available since the en dash is usually the same width as a plus sign. For example, the original 8-bit Macintosh Character Set had an en dash, useful for the minus sign, years before Unicode with a dedicated minus sign was available. The hyphen-minus is usually too narrow to make a typographically acceptable minus sign. However, the en dash cannot be used for a minus sign in programming languages because the syntax usually requires a hyphen-minus.

That number was then timesed by 3 and the minus sign was added again.

Again, in general, there are two solutions for z4, corresponding to the two solutions for k4. Note that the plus/minus sign in the above formula for z does not necessarily correspond to the plus/minus sign in the formula for k.

The plus–minus sign resembles the Chinese characters (Radical 32) and (Radical 33), whereas the minus–plus sign resembles (Radical 51).

Hartell, Rhonda L., ed. (1993), The Alphabets of Africa. Dakar: UNESCO and SIL. The Unicode character used for the tone letter (U+02D7) is different from the mathematical minus sign.

Different sources use different glyphs used to represent the three digits in balanced ternary. In this article, T (which resembles a ligature of the minus sign and 1) represents −1, while 0 and 1 represent themselves. Other conventions include using '−' and '+' to represent −1 and 1 respectively, or using Greek letter theta (Θ), which resembles a minus sign in a circle, to represent −1. In publications about the Setun computer, −1 is represented as overturned 1: "".

The FX-702P features a single line dot matrix liquid crystal display with 20 characters. A 10-digit mantissa is displayed (including minus sign) however internal calculations use a 12-digit mantissa.

Negative numbers are usually written with a minus sign in front. For example, −3 represents a negative quantity with a magnitude of three, and is pronounced "minus three" or "negative three". To help tell the difference between a subtraction operation and a negative number, occasionally the negative sign is placed slightly higher than the minus sign (as a superscript). Conversely, a number that is greater than zero is called positive; zero is usually (but not always) thought of as neither positive nor negative.

Some vectors transform like contravariant vectors, except that when they are reflected through a mirror, they flip and gain a minus sign. A transformation that switches right-handedness to left-handedness and vice versa like a mirror does is said to change the orientation of space. A vector which gains a minus sign when the orientation of space changes is called a pseudovector or an axial vector. Ordinary vectors are sometimes called true vectors or polar vectors to distinguish them from pseudovectors.

A trailing plus sign (+) or minus sign (−) indicate slightly better or worse quality, respectively, than the unsigned value. This list also includes a small group of bodies which have no provisional designation in the LCDB.

Similarly, the landlord would enter a credit in the receivable account associated with the tenant and a debit for the bank account where the cheque is deposited. Debits and credits are traditionally distinguished by writing the transfer amounts in separate columns of an account book. Alternately, they can be listed in one column, indicating debits with the suffix "Dr" or writing them plain, and indicating credits with the suffix "Cr" or a minus sign. Despite the use of a minus sign, debits and credits do not correspond directly to positive and negative numbers.

The commercial minus sign is a typographical and mathematical symbol used in commercial and financial documents in some European languages, in specific contexts. In some commercial and financial documents, especially in Germany and Scandinavia, the commercial minus sign is used to signify a negative remainder of a division operation. The symbol is also used in the margins of letters to indicate an enclosure, where the upper point is sometimes replaced with the corresponding number. The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses commercial minus signs to denote borrowed forms of a sound.

The derivations were demonstrated to be unrelated by corresponding parts of the two identical formulae for r being derived from the genotypes of different individuals. The parts that were derived from the genotypes of different individuals were terms to the right of the minus sign in the covariances in the two versions of the formula for r. By contrast, the terms left of the minus sign in both derivations come from the same source. One study suggest the c/b ratio be considered as a continuum of this behavioral trait rather than discontinuous in nature.

Without specific context (or when no explicit sign is given), a number is interpreted per default as positive. This notation establishes a strong association of the minus sign "" with negative numbers, and the plus sign "+" with positive numbers.

The letter also has a minus sign inside one of the umlauts, which was done as a tribute to late Type O Negative singer Peter Steele. On his left leg, Valo also has an Egyptian symbol for "flame".

In the 1980s, Rump made an example. He made a complicated function and tried to obtain its value. Single precision, double precision, extended precision results seemed to be correct, but its plus-minus sign was different from the true value.

The use of a single character for both hyphen and minus was a compromise made in the early days of fixed-width (monospaced font) typewriters and computer displays. However, in proper typesetting and graphic design, there are distinct characters for hyphens, dashes, and the minus sign. Usage of the hyphen-minus nonetheless persists in many contexts, as it is well known, easy to enter on keyboards, and in the same location in all common character sets. In proportional fonts the hyphen-minus is usually the size of, or slightly bigger than, a hyphen, and smaller than a minus sign (which is usually the same width as a plus sign).

A numeric value contains up to eight slabs. If the value is negative then the minus sign is the leftmost digit of this row. There are instructions to transform digits to or from alphanumeric characters. These commands use the accumulator, which has a maximum length of eight slabs.

Most operators serve several purposes in Pascal, for instance, the minus sign may be used for negation, subtraction, or set difference (depending on both type and syntactical context), the `>=` operator may be used to compare numbers, strings, or sets, and so on. C uses dedicated operator symbols to a greater extent.

If the base and all the digits in the set of digits are non-negative, negative numbers cannot be expressed. To overcome this, a minus sign, here »-«, is added to the numeral system. In the usual notation it is prepended to the string of digits representing the otherwise non-negative number.

In grading systems (such as examination marks), the plus sign indicates a grade one level higher and the minus sign a grade lower. For example, ("B minus") is one grade lower than . In some occasions, this is extended to two plus or minus signs (e.g., being two grades higher than ).

In many contexts, it does not matter whether the second or the third of these usages is intended. is the same number either way. Sometimes, it does make a difference꞉ the programming language APL uses a raised minus sign , (Unicode U+00AF) as a prefix rather than a function so that the interpreter of APL has less work when taking as the number rather than inverting the constant by means of the minus sign considered as denoting a function (item 2 above). As described in the next section, some educators consider it important that elementary students realize that negative numbers are genuine entities that can be given names, and so use a raised minus in the name of a negative number.

This results in an unattractive appearance when mixed with plus signs. Also many word processors will allow a word wrap after a hyphen-minus, unlike the minus sign proper which is treated as a mathematical symbol no different (typographically) from any unspaced number or letter. These differences make its use undesirable in professional typography.

The smallness of this quantity accounts for the suppressed induced FCNC, dictating a rare decay, K_L\to\mu^+\mu^-, illustrated. If that mass difference were ignorable, the minus sign between the two interfering box diagrams (itself a consequence of unitarity of the Cabibbo matrix) would lead to a complete cancellation, and thus a null effect.

As indicated in the third line of the forecast, the temperatures at all levels above 24,000 feet are generally negative and the minus sign is excluded. FD8/9/10 are for the 45,000 and 53,000 foot levels. Light and variable winds (which by definition have speed close to zero and also lack specific direction) are coded as 9900.

This more than 20-billion-year timeline of our universe shows the best estimates of major events from the universe's beginning to anticipated future events. Zero on the scale is the present day. A large step on the scale is one billion years; a small step, one hundred million years. The past is denoted by a minus sign: e.g.

" = 3" (verbally, "five minus two equals three") Placard outside a shop in Bordeaux advertising subtraction of 20% from the price of the second perfume purchased. Subtraction is an arithmetic operation that represents the operation of removing objects from a collection. The result of a subtraction is called a difference. Subtraction is signified by the minus sign, .

In a spherical coordinate system, a colatitude is the complementary angle of a given latitude, i.e. the difference between 90° and the latitude. Southern latitudes are given a negative value and are thus denoted with a minus sign. The colatitude corresponds to the conventional polar angle in spherical coordinates, as opposed to the latitude as used in cartography.

The minus sign, , has three main uses in mathematics: # The subtraction operator: a binary operator to indicate the operation of subtraction, as in 5 − 3 = 2\. Subtraction is the inverse of addition. # The function whose value for any real or complex argument is the additive inverse of that argument. For example, if , then , but if , then .

In contrast, the en dash is generally used for a range of values. The minus sign (−) glyph is generally set a little higher. When the figure dash is unavailable, a hyphen-minus is often used instead. In Unicode, the figure dash is (decimal 8210). HTML provides no character entity for it; it can be represented by the numeric character reference `‒` or `‒`.

A stronger force is marked with a plus sign, a weaker force with a minus sign (c, figure 1). In the example, the Antagonist is stronger, since it actually holds back the door. The outcome of the Force-Dynamic scenario depends on both the intrinsic tendency and the balance between the forces. The result is represented by a line beneath Agonist and Antagonist.

While not every insurgency involves terror, most involve an equally hard to define tactic, subversion. "When a country is being subverted it is not being outfought; it is being out-administered. Subversion is literally administration with a minus sign in front." The exceptional cases of insurgency without subversion are those when there is no accepted government that is providing administrative services.

The Möbius–Hückel treatment is one of two predicting reaction allowedness versus forbiddenness. The concept is the counterpart of the Woodward–Hoffmann approach. The methodology in this treatment utilizes the plus-minus sign parity in proceeding around a cycle of orbitals in a molecule or reaction while the Woodward–Hoffmann methodology uses a large number of rules with the same consequences.

A five- letter word was displayed, with a plus sign at the left end and a minus sign at the right. The host read a toss-up clue whose answer differed from the displayed word by one letter. The change that needed to be made was displayed when a contestant buzzed-in. If a letter was highlighted, it needed to be changed.

See for example this article. Note also that the "−" in the omega-notation is a minus sign, and "ω−3" should in principle be read "omega minus three". However, it is very common (especially in non-scientific literature) to write it "ω-3" (with a hyphen/dash) and read it as "omega-three". See for example Karen Dooley (2008), Omega-three fatty acids and diabetes.

Otherwise they are typically but inaccurately transcribed as if they were palato-alveolar, as . Consonants with more forward articulation, in which the tongue touches the Alveolar or postalveolar region rather than the hard palate, can be indicated with the retracted diacritic (minus sign below). This occurs especially for ; other sounds indicated this way, such as , tend to refer to alveolo-palatal rather than retroflex consonants.

Here, the plus-or-minus sign indicates that the term may be added or subtracted, in this case depending on whether n is odd or even, the rule can be deduced from the first few terms. A more rigorous presentation of the same formula would multiply each term by a factor of (−1)n, which gives +1 when n is even, and −1 when n is odd.

The parenthesized data are the distances of the locations from the plane of projection: a plus sign indicates the location is south-south west of the plane; a minus sign, north-north east of it. The transliteration of the village names in this figure and the text is consistent with that of Paper I and differs somewhat from the transliteration in the current world atlases.

In P. W. Holland & H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 35–66). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. The new transformed estimator MHD-DIF is computed as follows: MHD-DIF = -2.35ln(αMH) Thus an obtained value of 0 would indicate no DIF. In examining the equation, it is important to note that the minus sign changes the interpretation of values less than or greater than 0.

They are listed separately from the more precise periods, which have a LCDB quality code, U, of 2 or 3 (unambiguous result). The periods for potentially slow rotators may be completely wrong (U = 1), have no complete and conclusive result (U = n.a.), or large error margins of more than 30% (U = 2−). A trailing plus sign (+) or minus sign (–) indicate slightly better or worse quality, respectively, than the unsigned value.

Although he used the usual French terms "avant J.-C." (before Jesus Christ) and "après J.-C." (after Jesus Christ) to label years elsewhere in his book, the Byzantine historian Venance Grumel used negative years (identified by a minus sign, −) to label BC years and unsigned positive years to label AD years in a table. He did so possibly to save space and put no year 0 between them.

In chemistry, superscripted plus and minus signs are used to indicate an ion with a positive or negative charge of 1 (e.g., NH). If the charge is greater than 1, a number indicating the charge is written before the sign (as in SO). The minus sign is also used, in place of an en dash, for a single covalent bond between two atoms as in the skeletal formula.

Officially, the IPA symbol stands for the open front unrounded vowel. However, in most languages where it is used, actually stands for the central, rather than the front vowel. If precision is desired, this may also be indicated with the minus sign , although a number of other transcription are also possible.They include: centralized (), centralized (), lowered () and advanced (), although the last transcription can also indicate an only somewhat advanced back vowel.

Since their original codepoints were now occupied by other characters, less logical codepoints had to be chosen for their reintroduction. The same proposal also recommended replacing 6 more characters (, , , , , ) with "some other characters to cover a maximum of languages". Some wanted to put the euro sign in place of the plus-minus sign instead of the currency sign (used in some applications as a field separator and by some others to indicate subtotal).

The calculator sits on top of the base of this charging station and can be used while charging; it can also be locked into the station for extra stability. An adapter for using 12-volt DC automobile power was also available. There is a slight difference between the QT-8D and the QT-8B in the operation of the right-hand display tube, which contains both a minus-sign indicator and a large dot.

The display is a vacuum fluorescent display, the first such display ever used in a production calculator. It is built from nine individual tubes, one tube for each digit and a single extra tube for the minus sign and overflow indicator. These Iseden "itron" tubes"Iseden" is an abbreviation for the manufacturer's full name, , known in English as Ise Electronics Corporation. have a unique digit style which is very different from today's seven-segment displays.

Seetee Ship is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack Williamson, writing under the pseudonym Will Stewart. The second in the Seetee series, it is a fix-up adapting two stories previously published in Astounding Science Fiction magazine, "Minus Sign" (first published in the November 1942 issue) and "Opposites—React!" (two installments in January and February 1943). Seetee Ship was initially released in 1951 by Gnome PressSeetee Ship, The Gnome Press Release.

In computing, signed number representations are required to encode negative numbers in binary number systems. In mathematics, negative numbers in any base are represented by prefixing them with a minus sign ("−"). However, in computer hardware, numbers are represented only as sequences of bits, without extra symbols. The four best-known methods of extending the binary numeral system to represent signed numbers are: sign-and-magnitude, ones' complement, two's complement, and offset binary.

The hyphen' ' is a punctuation mark used to join words, and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. Non- hyphenated is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen should not be confused with dashes (figure dash , en dash , em dash , horizontal bar ), which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign , which is also longer and more vertically centred in some typefaces.

The minus sign indicates a relative motion toward the Earth. Motion transverse to the line of sight causes the position of Vega to shift with respect to the more distant background stars. Careful measurement of the star's position allows this angular movement, known as proper motion, to be calculated. Vega's proper motion is (mas) per year in right ascension—the celestial equivalent of longitude—and in declination, which is equivalent to a change in latitude.

For Möbius Systems there is an odd number of plus-minus sign inversions in the basis set in proceeding around the cycle. A circle mnemonic was advanced which provides the MO energies of the system; this was the counterpart of the Frost–Musulin mnemonic for ordinary Hückel systems. It was concluded that 4n electrons is the preferred number for Möbius moieties in contrast to the common 4n + 2 electrons for Hückel systems.

For example, the formula for sulfuric acid is + . In physics, the use of plus and minus signs for different electrical charges was introduced by Georg Christoph Lichtenberg. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, subscripted plus and minus signs are used as diacritics to indicate advanced or retracted articulations of speech sounds. The minus sign is also used as tone letter in the orthographies of Dan, Krumen, Karaboro, Mwan, Wan, Yaouré, Wè, Nyabwa and Godié.

The hyphen-minus, , is a character used in digital documents and computing to represent a hyphen , a minus sign , or an en dash . Typewriter keyboards and early computer encodings had only one character that looked like this, so its design had to be a compromise between the different typographical appearances. The proper name is rarely used: the character is referred to as a hyphen, a dash or a minus according to the context where it is being used.

A solution can be to parenthesize the unary "−" along with its operand. For example, the expression may be clearer if written (even though they mean exactly the same thing formally). The subtraction expression is a different expression that doesn't represent the same operations, but it evaluates to the same result. Sometimes in elementary schools a number may be prefixed by a superscript minus sign or plus sign to explicitly distinguish negative and positive numbers as in : gives .

The same problem affects the minus sign, the quotation marks, and so forth. Moreover, even if the kanji set is used as a separate code, there is no guarantee that the unique encoding of characters is implemented. In many cases, however, the full-width "IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE" at row 1 cell 1 and the half-width space (2/0) coexist. How the two should be different is not self-explanatory, and is not specified in the standard.

Bosons are particles whose wavefunction is symmetric under such an exchange or permutation, so if we swap the particles the wavefunction does not change. Fermions are particles whose wavefunction is antisymmetric, so under such a swap the wavefunction gets a minus sign, meaning that the amplitude for two identical fermions to occupy the same state must be zero. This is the Pauli exclusion principle: two identical fermions cannot occupy the same state. This rule does not hold for bosons.

In electric multipole radiation, the electric field has a radial component; in magnetic multipole radiation, the magnetic field has a radial component. An example: in the simplified decay scheme of 60Co above, the angular momenta and the parities of the various states are shown (A plus sign means even parity, a minus sign means odd parity). Consider the 1.33 MeV transition to the ground state. Clearly, this must carry away an angular momentum of 2, without change of parity.

Steele formed the band in 1989 along with his childhood friends Josh Silver, Kenny Hickey and Sal Abruscato (later replaced by Johnny Kelly). The band originally used the name "Repulsion", but had to change it in 1990 due to legal issues with the American grindcore band of the same name. The band then used the name "Subzero". Steele had a tattoo in mind of a minus sign contained within the number 0 that he originally intended to represent the Subzero band logo.

Rosenfeld used straight lines on the pavement as a metaphor for the tightly held control of the Pinochet regime. By altering these often-used markings, she transgresses this subsystem of control and confronts the public with an unexpected subversion of meaning. She converts a minus sign into a plus, to create the + sign, challenging the idea that signs are fixed, static markings of meaning. The work itself was a performance piece that disrupted every day traffic under the Pinochet regime.

In addition, reflection from the bottom side of the beam splitter introduces a relative phase shift of π, corresponding to a factor of −1 in the associated term in the superposition. This is required by the reversibility (or unitarity) of the quantum evolution of the beam splitter. Since the two photons are identical, we cannot distinguish between the output states of possibilities 2 and 3, and their relative minus sign ensures that these two terms cancel. This can be interpreted as destructive interference.

For this reason the anode terminal is marked with a plus sign and the cathode with a minus sign. Applying a reverse polarity voltage, or a voltage exceeding the maximum rated working voltage of as little as 1 or 1.5 volts, can destroy the dielectric and thus the capacitor. The failure of electrolytic capacitors can be hazardous, resulting in an explosion or fire. Bipolar electrolytic capacitors which may be operated with either polarity are also made, using special constructions with two anodes connected in series.

Plus and minuses. An obelus used as a variant of the minus sign in an excerpt from an official Norwegian trading statement form called «Næringsoppgave 1» for the taxation year 2010. Division is often shown in algebra and science by placing the dividend over the divisor with a horizontal line, also called a fraction bar, between them. For example, "a divided by b" can written as: :\frac ab which can also be read out loud as "divide a by b" or "a over b".

This character is often typed when a hyphen, a minus sign or an en dash (as in "the Boston–London flight") is wanted. Based on old typewriter conventions, it is common to use a pair to represent an em dash , and some word processors automatically convert this pair to an em dash. The character can also be used in place of the box-drawing character (U+2500) to simulate a horizontal line or alternated with spaces to make a "dashed" line that indicates where paper is to be cut.

Systems with negative base, complex base or negative digits have been described (see section Non-standard positional numeral systems). Interestingly, most of them do not require a minus sign for designating negative numbers. The use of a radix point (decimal point in base ten), extends to include fractions and allows representing every real number up to arbitrary accuracy. With positional notation, arithmetical computations are greatly simpler than with any older numeral system, and this explains the rapid spread of the notation when it was introduced in western Europe.

The dash is a punctuation mark that is similar in appearance to the hyphen and minus sign but differs from these symbols in length and, in some fonts, height above the baseline. The most common versions of the dash are the endash , longer than the hyphen; the emdash , longer than the en dash; and the horizontalbar , whose length varies across typefaces but tends to be between those of the en and em dashes. Historically, the names of endash and emdash came from the width of an uppercase and uppercase , respectively, in commonly used fonts.

Roughly speaking, branch points are the points where the various sheets of a multiple valued function come together. The branches of the function are the various sheets of the function. For example, the function w = z1/2 has two branches: one where the square root comes in with a plus sign, and the other with a minus sign. A branch cut is a curve in the complex plane such that it is possible to define a single analytic branch of a multi-valued function on the plane minus that curve.

The display has eight digits, with both a minus sign and an overflow indicator dot on the right hand side. The decimal point is "floating"—it is positioned automatically by the calculator logic. This was an advanced feature for the time; many desk calculators of this era had fixed decimal points and required very wide displays to maintain a minimum level of precision across the entire range of numbers available. The QT-8D's floating decimal allowed its display to be much narrower while still keeping eight digits of precision.

The stopping power of the material is numerically equal to the loss of energy E per unit path length, x: : S(E) = -dE/dx The minus sign makes S positive. Bragg curve of 5.49 MeV alpha particles in air The force usually increases toward the end of range and reaches a maximum, the Bragg peak, shortly before the energy drops to zero. The curve that describes the force as function of the material depth is called the Bragg curve. This is of great practical importance for radiation therapy.

The operation and performance of the EL-8 are identical to its predecessor calculators, the QT-8D and QT-8B, because its logic circuits use the same set of four Rockwell-manufactured large-scale integrated circuits. Likewise, its keyboard has the same layout, including the combined key, and it also uses magnetic reed switches. The display, like that of the QT-8D, is an 8-digit vacuum fluorescent display with nine individual tubes: eight digit tubes and a single extra tube for the minus sign and overflow indicator.

In the ASCII character encoding, the hyphen is encoded as character 45. This character is called the hyphen-minus, as it is also used as a minus sign and even sometimes for en dashes. In Unicode, the hyphen-minus is encoded as so that Unicode remains compatible with ASCII. Unicode also encodes the hyphen and minus separately, as U+2010 and U+2212 respectively, along with the em dash U+2014 , en dash U+2013 and other related characters: these are the forms used in professional type-setting.

Pseudovectors occur most frequently as the cross product of two ordinary vectors. One example of a pseudovector is angular velocity. Driving in a car, and looking forward, each of the wheels has an angular velocity vector pointing to the left. If the world is reflected in a mirror which switches the left and right side of the car, the reflection of this angular velocity vector points to the right, but the actual angular velocity vector of the wheel still points to the left, corresponding to the minus sign.

In the first version running by May 1957 on an English Electric DEUCE, all values were stored in binary fixed-point form in a 32-bit word, with 16 binary places. In the second version introduced by 1958, values were held in floating-point form, with one value per word: 22 bits for the mantissa and 10 bits for the exponent. Some form of coding table was needed because the printing equipment of the time provided only 26 letters of the alphabet, a decimal point, plus sign, minus sign, and slash.

Plus and minuses. The obelus or division sign used as a variant of the minus sign in an excerpt from an official Norwegian trading statement form called «Næringsoppgave 1» for the taxation year 2010. The form of the obelus as a horizontal line with a dot above and a dot below, , was first used as a symbol for division by the Swiss mathematician Johann Rahn in his book Teutsche Algebra in 1659. This gave rise to the modern mathematical symbol , used in anglophone countries as a division sign.

Speculative Realist, Graham Harman points out that Latour has been misrepresented by some as a post-modernist. Harmon cites We Have Never Been Modern as crucial to understanding Latour's conceptualisation of the "postmoderns as moderns a minus sign added" and therefore dismisses accusations of Latour as a postmodernist. Harmon goes on to be influenced by We Have Never Been Modern adding that postmodernism continues to be subject- centric/anthropocentric (as modernity did) in its distinction of the subject from the object. This forms the basis for Harmon's Object Oriented Ontology.

The minus sign is because the feedback signal is subtracted from the input. The gains A and β, and therefore the loop gain, generally vary with the frequency of the input signal, and so are usually expressed as functions of the angular frequency ω in radians per second. It is often displayed as a graph with the horizontal axis frequency ω and the vertical axis gain. In amplifiers, the loop gain is the difference between the open-loop gain curve and the closed-loop gain curve (actually, the 1/β curve) on a dB scale.

An exploration of a lower-carbon future in China. It shows how China is inspired by nature and will develop innovative solutions to meet the challenges of urban growth and environmental protection. The exhibits are represented simply by one of the four main mathematical operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (+, -, ×, ÷) ;Warning from Nature The minus sign represents that reliance on fossil fuel shall be reduced and efficiency in energy consumption shall be improved to reduce waste. ;Proper Exploration The addition sign represents that increase of carbon emission is threatening global environment and hampering the development of human society.

The plus sign results in the so-called optical mode, and the minus sign to the acoustic mode. In the optical mode two adjacent different atoms move against each other, while in the acoustic mode they move together. The speed of propagation of an acoustic phonon, which is also the speed of sound in the lattice, is given by the slope of the acoustic dispersion relation, (see group velocity.) At low values of k (i.e. long wavelengths), the dispersion relation is almost linear, and the speed of sound is approximately ωa, independent of the phonon frequency.

Standing wave ratio (SWR or VSWR) is a basic parameter and the one most commonly measured on a slotted line. This quantity is of particular importance for transmitter antennae. A high SWR indicates a poor match between the feed line and the antenna, which increases wasted power, can cause damage to components in the transmission path, possibly including the transmitter, and cause distortion to TV, FM stereo and digital signals. With the input power set so that the maxima are at 0 dBm, a measurement of a minimum in decibels will directly give SWR (after discarding the minus sign).

While is its own additive inverse the additive inverse of a positive number is negative, and the additive inverse of a negative number is positive. A double application of this operation is written as The plus sign is predominantly used in algebra to denote the binary operation of addition, and only rarely to emphasize the positivity of an expression. In common numeral notation (used in arithmetic and elsewhere), the sign of a number is often made explicit by placing a plus or a minus sign before the number. For example, denotes "positive three", and denotes "negative three" (algebraically: the additive inverse of ).

In APL a raised minus sign (Unicode U+00AF) is used to denote a negative number, as in . While in J a negative number is denoted by an underscore, as in . In C and some other computer programming languages, two plus signs indicate the increment operator and two minus signs a decrement; the position of the operator before or after the variable indicates whether the new or old value is read from it. For example, if x equals 6, then increments x to 7 but sets y to 6, whereas would set both x and y to 7.

To see this unstable behavior more quantitatively, consider the equations of motion for a fluid element mass in circular motion with an angular velocity \Omega\ . In general \Omega will be a function of the distance from the rotation axis R\ , and we assume that the orbital radius is r=R_0\ . The centripetal acceleration required to keep the mass in orbit is -R\Omega^2(R)\ , the minus sign indicates a direction toward the center. If this force is gravity from a point mass at the center, then the centripetal acceleration is simply -GM/R^2, where G is the gravitational constant and M is the central mass.

Forfeits are also used as ex post disciplinary sanctions by governing bodies. A forfeited match is handled differently in various competitions; FIFA Disciplinary Code punishes the team sanctioned with a forfeit with a 3–0 loss (but the result on the pitch is upheld if the goal difference at the end of the match was three or greater). Forfeited games also could be identified with what is known as a "technical score" like +/-, +:-, where a plus sign (+) signifies a win and a minus sign (-) stands for a loss. Traditionally, technical score is implied as 3:0 score, but earlier in history it also used to be understood as 2:0 score.

In physics, duality means that two equivalent descriptions of a particular physical situation exist, using different physical concepts. This is a special case of a physical symmetry, that is, a change that preserves key features of a physical system. A simple example for a duality is that between the electric field E and the magnetic field B electrodynamics: In the complete absence of electrical charges, the replacement E \to –B, B \to E leaves Maxwell's equations invariant. Whenever a particular pair of expressions for B and E conform to the laws of electrodynamics, switching the two expressions around and adding a minus sign to the new B is also valid.

In the 5.1c release the only legal characters are the numerals 0–9, the comma, the minus sign and the carriage return. However, it is used in real commercial applications. It was originally intended as generated code from a user interface-building tool — similar to bytecode rendered in ASCII — but due to limitations in the tool, it became a directly programmed language in itself.. The BANCStar 10.0 release changed the "Screen Code" format to binary, and rearranged the numeric codes into an opcode with a variable number of parameter integers. The 10.0 opcode encoded a bit mapped length value that indicated the length of the command in words.

Thus for example by setting it in single quotes: $ cat << 'EOF' > \$ Working dir "$PWD" `pwd` > EOF \$ Working dir "$PWD" `pwd` Double quotes may also be used, but this is subject to confusion, because expansion does occur in a double-quoted string, but does not occur in a here document with double-quoted delimiter.See for example Using variables inside a bash heredoc Single- and double-quoted delimiters are distinguished in some other languages, notably Perl (see below), where behavior parallels the corresponding string quoting. In POSIX shell but not csh/tcsh, appending a minus sign to the << (i.e. `<<-`) has the effect that leading tabs are ignored.

The numbers in each such pair are their respective additive inverses. This attribute of a number, being exclusively either zero , positive , or negative , is called its sign, and is often encoded to the real numbers and respectively (similar to the way the sign function is defined). Since rational and real numbers are also ordered rings (even fields), these number systems share the same sign attribute. While in arithmetic, a minus sign is usually thought of as representing the binary operation of subtraction, in algebra, it is usually thought of as representing the unary operation yielding the additive inverse (sometimes called negation) of the operand.

Instruments such as analog voltmeters will indicate up-scale when the instrument's negative lead is connected to the negative pole of a device under test, and the positive lead to the positive terminal. A reversed analog instrument will indicate down-scale, forcing the pointer against the scale end stop; this may damage a sensitive instrument. Digital instruments may indicate reverse polarity of connection with a minus sign before the numerical measurement. A test light using a neon glow lamp will indicate polarity by inspection of the glow around the lamp electrodes; the electrode connected to the negative pole of the circuit will have a glow around it.

The minus sign "−" signifies the operator for both the binary (two- operand) operation of subtraction (as in ) and the unary (one-operand) operation of negation (as in , or twice in ). A special case of unary negation occurs when it operates on a positive number, in which case the result is a negative number (as in ). The ambiguity of the "−" symbol does not generally lead to ambiguity in arithmetical expressions, because the order of operations makes only one interpretation or the other possible for each "−". However, it can lead to confusion and be difficult for a person to understand an expression when operator symbols appear adjacent to one another.

The other term, , gives the distance the zeros are away from the axis of symmetry, where the plus sign represents the distance to the right, and the minus sign represents the distance to the left. If this distance term were to decrease to zero, the value of the axis of symmetry would be the value of the only zero, that is, there is only one possible solution to the quadratic equation. Algebraically, this means that , or simply (where the left-hand side is referred to as the discriminant). This is one of three cases, where the discriminant indicates how many zeros the parabola will have.

One year following the Woodward–Hoffmann and Longuet-Higgins–Abrahmson publications, it was noted by Zimmerman that both transition states and stable molecules sometimes involved a Möbius array of basis orbitals The Möbius–Hückel treatment provides an alternative to the Woodward–Hoffmann one. In contrast to the Woodward–Hoffmann approach the Möbius–Hückel treatment is not dependent on symmetry and only requires counting the number of plus-minus sign inversions in proceeding around the cyclic array of orbitals. Where one has zero or an even number of sign inversions there is a Hückel array. Where an odd-number of sign inversions is found a Möbius array is determined to be present.

One of the players is the scorer and has written the bids down, so that during the play and for the scoring afterward, this information will be available to all the players. When a hand is over, the scores should be recorded next to the bids. Alternatively, the scorer can turn the bid into the contract score by writing in the number of bags (zero if there were none) behind the bid, and a minus sign before it if the team was set, then add bonuses and subtract penalties beneath. A running score should be kept so that players can readily see each other's total points.

In stereochemistry, the Klyne–Prelog system (named for William Klyne and Vladimir Prelog) for describing conformations about a single bond offers a more systematic means to unambiguously name complex structures, where the torsional or dihedral angles are not found to occur in 60° increments.Klyne, W & Prelog V. Description of steric relationships across single bonds. Experientia 16:521–23, 1960 Klyne notation views the placement of the substituent on the front atom as being in regions of space called anti/syn and clinal/periplanar relative to a reference group on the rear atom. A plus (+) or minus (–) sign is placed at the front to indicate the sign of the dihedral angle.

Further, a few textbooks in the United States encourage to be read as "the opposite of " or "the additive inverse of "—to avoid giving the impression that is necessarily negative (since itself may already be negative) In mathematics and most programming languages, the rules for the order of operations mean that is equal to : Exponentiation binds more strongly than the unary minus, which binds more strongly than multiplication or division. However, in some programming languages (Microsoft Excel in particular), unary operators bind strongest, so in those cases is 25, but is −25. Similar to the plus sign, the minus sign is also used in chemistry and physics. For more, see below.

Longitude is given as an angular measurement ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to +180° eastward and −180° westward. The Greek letter λ (lambda),"λ = Longitude east of Greenwich (for longitude west of Greenwich, use a minus sign)." John P. Snyder, Map Projections, A Working Manual, USGS Professional Paper 1395, page ix is used to denote the location of a place on Earth east or west of the Prime Meridian. Each degree of longitude is sub-divided into 60 minutes, each of which is divided into 60 seconds. A longitude is thus specified in sexagesimal notation as 23° 27′ 30″ E. For higher precision, the seconds are specified with a decimal fraction.

An example of homoglyphic confusion in a historical regard results from the use of a 'y' to represent a 'þ' when setting older English texts in typefaces that do not contain the latter character. It has led in modern times to such phenomena as Ye olde shoppe, implying incorrectly that the word the was formerly written ye . For further discussion, see thorn. Examples of homoglyphic symbols are (a) the diaeresis and umlaut (both a pair of dots, but with different meaning, although encoded with the same code points); and (b) the hyphen and minus sign (both a short horizontal stroke, but with different meaning, although often encoded with the same code point).

Note that the result Q = 0 for the free expansion can not be used in the formula for the entropy change since the process is not reversible. The difference between the reversible and free expansions is found in the entropy of the surroundings. In both cases, the surroundings are at a constant temperature, T, so that ΔSsur = −; the minus sign is used since the heat transferred to the surroundings is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the heat, Q, transferred to the system. In the reversible case, the change in entropy of the surroundings is equal and opposite to the change in the system, so the change in entropy of the universe is zero.

The Hindu–Arabic system is designed for positional notation in a decimal system. In a more developed form, positional notation also uses a decimal marker (at first a mark over the ones digit but now more usually a decimal point or a decimal comma which separates the ones place from the tenths place), and also a symbol for "these digits recur ad infinitum". In modern usage, this latter symbol is usually a vinculum (a horizontal line placed over the repeating digits). In this more developed form, the numeral system can symbolize any rational number using only 13 symbols (the ten digits, decimal marker, vinculum, and a prepended minus sign to indicate a negative number).

A tensor whose components in an orthonormal basis are given by the Levi-Civita symbol (a tensor of covariant rank ) is sometimes called a permutation tensor. Under the ordinary transformation rules for tensors the Levi-Civita symbol is unchanged under pure rotations, consistent with that it is (by definition) the same in all coordinate systems related by orthogonal transformations. However, the Levi-Civita symbol is a pseudotensor because under an orthogonal transformation of Jacobian determinant −1, for example, a reflection in an odd number of dimensions, it should acquire a minus sign if it were a tensor. As it does not change at all, the Levi-Civita symbol is, by definition, a pseudotensor.

As an orthographic concept, the hyphen is a single entity. In terms of character encoding and display, the entity is represented by any of several characters and glyphs (including hard hyphens, soft or optional hyphens, and non-breaking hyphens), depending on the context of use (discussed below). Although hyphens are not to be confused with en dashes and minus signs, there are some overlaps in usage (in which either a hyphen or an en dash may be acceptable, depending on user preference, as discussed below) and in informal typing (which often uses the same character called a "hyphen-minus" to represent any of the hyphen, the minus sign and the en dash, see below).

H is a forerunner of Shannon's information entropy. Claude Shannon denoted his measure of information entropy H after the H-theorem.Gleick 2011 The article on Shannon's information entropy contains an explanation of the discrete counterpart of the quantity H, known as the information entropy or information uncertainty (with a minus sign). By extending the discrete information entropy to the continuous information entropy, also called differential entropy, one obtains the expression in the equation from the section above, Definition and Meaning of Boltzmann's H, and thus a better feel for the meaning of H. The H-theorem's connection between information and entropy plays a central role in a recent controversy called the Black hole information paradox.

Citadel 2 features platforms, springs and ropes Citadel 2 has a number of distinctive features. Unlike many other platform games, the player is not automatically killed if they come into contact with monsters or other hazards; instead the player is allocated a set amount of energy, measured by a number, which is depleted through contact, which can be replenished by collecting scrolls marked with a plus sign. In addition scrolls marked with a minus sign are present which will drain the player of half their health. If the player continuously loses too much energy in a room, the screen turns red and the player is transported back to where they entered the room.

Similarly, in the expression language used by Texas Instruments graphing calculators (at least the early models including the TI-81 and TI-82), a raised minus sign is used in negative numbers (e.g., as the result of ). All three uses can be referred to as "minus" in everyday speech, though the binary operator is sometimes read as "take away". In most English-speaking countries, (for example) is normally referred to as "minus five", but in modern US usage, it is instead usually called "negative five"; here, "minus" may be used by speakers born before 1950, and is still popular in some contexts, but "negative" is usually taught as the only correct reading.

According to BOMA Class C buildings are aimed towards "tenants requiring functional space at rents below the average for the area". The lack of specifics allows considerable room for "fudging" the boundaries of the categories. Oftentimes, the above categories are further modified by adding the plus or minus sign to create subclasses, such as Class A+ or Class B-. In order to differentiate between modern A class buildings and aging A class buildings, the notion of triple A class, and double A class is used. A triple A class building that is 20 years old may be referred to as double A building or simply an A Class building, typically dependent on the number of new A class buildings that have been built since it was constructed.

Williamson's Seetee series is set in a future where space- dwelling miners attempt to harvest asteroids composed of CT or "contraterrene" matter (an obsolete term in physics) which today would be called antimatter. Though Seetee Shock (1949) was the first of the Seetee novels to be published in book form, it is set in a later period than Seetee Ship. In "Minus Sign," from which the first part of the book was adapted, spatial engineer Rick Drake continues his father’s quest to tame seetee, but becomes entangled in the interplanetary politics of energy shortage. The second part of the book is adapted from the 1943 story "Opposites—React!" in which a contraterrene alien artifact is discovered, and competing parties race to reach it and learn its secrets.

Balanced ternary is a non-standard positional numeral system (a balanced form), used in some early computers and useful in the solution of balance puzzles. It is a ternary (base 3) number system in which the digits have the values –1, 0, and 1, in contrast to the standard (unbalanced) ternary system, in which digits have values 0, 1 and 2. Balanced ternary can represent all integers without using a separate minus sign; the value of the leading non- zero digit of a number has the sign of the number itself. While binary numerals with digits 0 and 1 provide the simplest positional numeral system for natural numbers (or for positive integers if using 1 and 2 as the digits), balanced ternary provides the simplest self-contained positional numeral system for integers.

A geographic number is a telephone number, from a range of numbers in the United Kingdom National Telephone Numbering Plan, where part of its digit structure contains geographic significance used for routing calls to the physical location of the network termination point of the subscriber to whom the telephone number has been assigned, or where the network termination point does not relate to the geographic area code but where the tariffing remains consistent with that geographic area code. In the Netherlands any telephone number consists of 10 digits and the geographic number is often separated with a minus sign. The number 0592 for example is the geographic number for the area in and around the city Assen, and Groningen uses 050. Someone living in Assen has a caller ID of 6 numbers and someone in Groningen has a caller ID of 7 numbers.

The 'equator', 'poles' (E and W) and 'meridians' of the rotated graticule are identified with the chosen central meridian, points on the equator 90 degrees east and west of the central meridian, and great circles through those points. Transverse mercator geometry The position of an arbitrary point (φ,λ) on the standard graticule can also be identified in terms of angles on the rotated graticule: φ′ (angle M′CP) is an effective latitude and −λ′ (angle M′CO) becomes an effective longitude. (The minus sign is necessary so that (φ′,λ′) are related to the rotated graticule in the same way that (φ,λ) are related to the standard graticule). The Cartesian (x′,y′) axes are related to the rotated graticule in the same way that the axes (x,y) axes are related to the standard graticule.

This usage, though widespread in Anglophone countries, is neither universal nor recommended: the ISO 80000-2 standard for mathematical notation recommends only the solidus or fraction bar for division, or the colon for ratios; it says that "should not be used" for division.ISO 80000-2, Section 9 "Operations", 2-9.6 This form of the obelus was also occasionally used as a mathematical symbol for subtraction in Northern Europe; such usage continued in some parts of Europe (including Norway and, until fairly recently, Denmark).. Reprint of 1928 edition. In Italy, Poland and Russia, this notation is sometimes used in engineering to denote a range of values. In some commercial and financial documents, especially in Germany and Scandinavia, another form of the obelus the commercial minus sign is used to signify a negative remainder of a division operation.

ISO 8601:2004 (and previously ISO 8601:2000, but not ISO 8601:1988) explicitly uses astronomical year numbering in its date reference systems. (Because it also specifies the use of the proleptic Gregorian calendar for all years before 1582, some readers incorrectly assume that a year zero is also included in that proleptic calendar, but it is not used with the BC/AD era.) The "basic" format for year 0 is the four-digit form 0000, which equals the historical year 1 BC. Several "expanded" formats are possible: −0000 and +0000, as well as five- and six- digit versions. Earlier years are also negative four-, five- or six-digit years, which have an absolute value one less than the equivalent BC year, hence -0001 = 2 BC. Because only ISO 646 (7-bit ASCII) characters are allowed by ISO 8601, the minus sign is represented by a hyphen-minus.

When the number of objects is equal to or greater than the base b, then a group of objects is created with b objects. When the number of these groups exceeds b, then a group of these groups of objects is created with b groups of b objects; and so on. Thus the same number in different bases will have different values: 241 in base 5: 2 groups of 52 (25) 4 groups of 5 1 group of 1 ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo + + o ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo 241 in base 8: 2 groups of 82 (64) 4 groups of 8 1 group of 1 oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo + + o oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo oooooooo The notation can be further augmented by allowing a leading minus sign. This allows the representation of negative numbers.

In fact, however, the observed reaction rate is second-order in and zero-order in CO,Whitten K. W., Galley K. D., Davis R. E. General Chemistry (4th edition, Saunders 1992), p. 638–639. with rate equation r = k[]2. This suggests that the rate is determined by a step in which two molecules react, with the CO molecule entering at another, faster, step. A possible mechanism in two elementary steps that explains the rate equation is: # + → NO + (slow step, rate- determining) # + CO → + (fast step) In this mechanism the reactive intermediate species is formed in the first step with rate r1 and reacts with CO in the second step with rate r2. However can also react with NO if the first step occurs in the reverse direction (NO + → 2 ) with rate r−1, where the minus sign indicates the rate of a reverse reaction.

In the expressions n–x or ω–x, the dash is actually meant to be a minus sign, although it is never read as such. Also, the symbol n (or ω) represents the locant of the methyl end, counted from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid carbon chain. For instance, in an omega-3 fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms (see illustration), where the methyl end is at location 18 from the carboxyl end, n (or ω) represents the number 18, and the notation n–3 (or ω–3) represents the subtraction 18–3 = 15, where 15 is the locant of the double bond which is closest to the methyl end, counted from the carboxyl end of the chain. Although n and ω (omega) are synonymous, the IUPAC recommends that n be used to identify the highest carbon number of a fatty acid.

Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania at the beginning of the 1st century BC Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania at the end of the 1st century BC The 1st century BC, also known as the last century BC, started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero; however, astronomical year numbering does use a zero, as well as a minus sign, so "2 BC" is equal to "year –1". 1st century AD (Anno Domini) follows. In the course of the century all the remaining independent lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea were steadily brought under Roman control, being ruled either directly under governors or through puppet kings appointed by Rome. The Roman state itself was plunged into civil war several times, finally resulting in the marginalization of its 500-year-old Roman Republic, and the embodiment of total state power in a single man—the Roman emperor.

Edges between nodes represent interactions between the nodes, that can correspond to individual molecular reactions between DNA, mRNA, miRNA, proteins or molecular processes through which the products of one gene affect those of another, though the lack of experimentally obtained information often implies that some reactions are not modeled at such a fine level of detail. These interactions can be inductive (usually represented by arrowheads or the + sign), with an increase in the concentration of one leading to an increase in the other, inhibitory (represented with filled circles, blunt arrows or the minus sign), with an increase in one leading to a decrease in the other, or dual, when depending of the circumstances the regulator can activate or inhibit the target node. The nodes can regulate themselves directly or indirectly, creating feedback loops, which form cyclic chains of dependencies in the topological network. The network structure is an abstraction of the system's molecular or chemical dynamics, describing the manifold ways in which one substance affects all the others to which it is connected.

After all, although and are not quantitatively equivalent (they are negatives of each other), there is no algebraic difference between and , as both imaginary numbers have equal claim to being the number whose square is −1. In fact, if all mathematical textbooks and published literature referring to imaginary or complex numbers were to be rewritten with replacing every occurrence of (and therefore every occurrence of replaced by ), all facts and theorems would remain valid. The distinction between the two roots of , with one of them labelled with a minus sign, is purely a notational relic; neither root can be said to be more primary or fundamental than the other, and neither of them is "positive" or "negative". The issue can be a subtle one: The most precise explanation is to say that although the complex field, defined as (see complex number), is unique up to isomorphism, it is not unique up to a unique isomorphism: There are exactly two field automorphisms of which keep each real number fixed: The identity and the automorphism sending to .

The purpose of the layout was to place the most frequently used characters, as they were used in Portuguese, in the center of the layout. It was common that the 0 numeral was omitted (in favour of using the uppercase O letter), and there were also some typewriters without the 1 numeral (with the lowercase L being used to achieve it). Also absent were symbols such as the exclamation mark (achieved by typing an apostrophe and overwriting it with a period using the backspace key), the asterisk (achieved in a similar way, with lowercase X and the plus or minus sign — for eight- or six-pointed asterisks, respectively), the number sign (which was achieved by some through intricate methods involving partial depressions of the backspace key to overwrite the equals sign with two slashes), and the inequality sign (typing an equals sign and overwriting it with one slash). This keyboard layout was the official layout of typewriters in public administration and most private companies until the mid-1970s, when it began to be replaced by the AZERTY layout.