264 Sentences With "minbar" | Random Sentence Generator

To stop militant preachers ascending the minbar (pulpit), Jordan's leaders have come up with a novel approach.

Three weeks later, on July 4, Baghdadi ascended the stairs to the minbar of the Great Mosque of al-Nuri in Mosul and declared the caliphate, calling on Muslims from across the globe to help ISIS build its hardline proto-state.

News outlets associated with ISIS, like the al Minbar Jihadi Media network, came out in support of the decision, calling it "the imminent demise of America," USA Todayreports, and top ISIS and Taliban commanders now say Trump's presidency will be a powerful recruitment tool.

" Her eye for material details is wonderfully vivid and precise: "Marble floors, heavy whitewashed piers, prostrate figures in the penumbra, rows of yellow slippers outside in the sunlight — out of such glimpses one must reconstruct a vision of the long vistas of arches, the blues and golds of the mirhab, the lustre of bronze chandeliers, and the ivory inlaying of the twelfth-century minbar of ebony and sandalwood.

The Almohad minbar of the Kasbah Mosque in Marrakesh, produced in 1189-1195, marks another high mark of minbar artistry which presented a slight variation on the same model and also proved influential in subsequent designs. Later minbars are seen by scholars as lesser imitations of these earlier models, though still in some cases accomplished works of art in their own right. Notable examples include the Almohad renovation to the minbar of the Andalusi Mosque in Fes (1203-1209), the Marinid minbar of the Great Mosque of Taza (circa 1290-1300), the Marinid minbar of the Bou Inania Madrasa (1350-1355), and the Saadian minbar of the Mouassine Mosque (1562-1573).

In addition to the already-mentioned Almoravid Minbar and the Minbar of Saladin, other highly accomplished examples of this style are the Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron (commissioned in 1091), the minbar of the Qarawiyyin Mosque (completed in 1144), and the Minbar of al-Ghamri (now housed at the Khanqah of Sultan Barsbay) in Cairo (circa 1451), among others. Stone minbars were sometimes produced in this early period too, as with the example of the minbar of the Mosque of Sultan Hasan in Cairo (14th century). During the Ottoman period, however, stone and marble became increasingly favoured materials for new minbars, though often with relatively simplified ornamentation. An accomplished example of this genre, still featuring rich decoration, is the minbar of the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (late 16th century).

Almoravid minbar from the Kutubiyya Mosque, on display at the El-Badi Palace in Marrakesh today. The Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque is a minbar (; a mosque furnishing similar to a pulpit) produced in Cordoba, Spain (al-Andalus at the time), in the early 12th century by order of the Almoravid amir Ali ibn Yusuf. The minbar was commissioned for the main mosque of Marrakesh, the Almoravid capital in Morocco. After the Almohad conquest of Marrakesh in 1147, the minbar was moved to the new Kutubiyya Mosque built by Abd al-Mu'min.

The minbar of the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Kairouan, Tunisia, the oldest minbar in existence, still in its original location in the prayer hall of the mosque. (Photograph from the 19th century, before a modern protective glass barrier was installed) Minbar of Saladin in the al-Aqsa mosque, Jerusalem (photograph from 1930s); the minbar was built on Nur al-Din's orders in 1168-69 but installed here by Saladin in 1187 The first recorded minbar in the Islamic world was Muhammad's minbar in Medina, created in 629 CE (or between 628 and 631 CE) and consisting simply of two steps and a seat, resembling a throne. After Muhammad's death this minbar continued to be used as a symbol of authority by the caliphs who followed him. The Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (ruled 661–680) heightened Muhammad's original minbar by increasing the number of steps from three to six, thus increasing its prominence.

This motif is similar to that found on the Kutubiyya minbar, and even more so to that of the slightly later minbar of the Kasbah Mosque in Marrakech (commissioned between 1189 and 1195). The arch above the first step of the minbar contains an inscription, now partly disappeared, which refers to Abu Inan and his titles.

Cairo:AUC Press, 2008. p 244 The mihrab and minbar are both decorated in a typical period style. The minbar is decorated with finely carved wooden doors and panels, and above the minbar is a large rosette of polychrome marble. This is particularly unique because this style is usually used on a floor, rather than upon a wall.

The original minbar of the first Marinid mosque is lost, but when Moulay Isma'il rebuilt or expanded the mosque in the late 17th century he commissioned a new minbar. The minbar, now preserved in the Dar Jamai Museum, is 3.25 metres long and 2.57 metres high and has eight steps. Its overall form and decoration is consistent with the traditional minbars of Moroccan mosques since the 12th-century Almoravid Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque and the Almohad minbars after it. Much of the minbar is decorated with an eight-pointed star motif, with the main flanks covered in a more elaborate motif found in the earlier minbars.

Much like the minbar at the Koutoubia Mosque, the minbar of the Kasbah Mosque originally emerged from behind the doors and moved forward on its own with the help of an unknown mechanism. This mechanism was gone, or no longer functional, by the end of the 16th century. The minbar itself, which has suffered over time but is still present today, is smaller but very similar in style to the famous Almoravid minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque which was crafted earlier that century in Cordoba. It was quite likely made by Andalucian craftsman too, or by Moroccan craftsmen following in the same tradition, and was commissioned by Yaqub al- Mansour, who likely wished to emulate the earlier Almoravid minbar.

The Kutubiyya minbar is thus one of the only historical artifacts which gives us an idea of what this Cordoban crafstmanship may have looked like. The production of Ali ibn Yusuf's minbar started in 1137 and is estimated to have taken seven years. The minbar was shipped in pieces from Cordoba and reassembled in Marrakesh. It is believed that the minbar was originally placed in the grand mosque of the Almoravid city, the first Ben Youssef Mosque (named after Ali ibn Yusuf, but entirely rebuilt in later centuries).

The Almoravid minbar, on display at the El Badi Palace. Detail of the geometric motif on the flanks of the minbar, centered around a recurring eight-pointed star. The spaces are filled with inlay and wood-carved arabesque pieces.

The mosque has four Shabestans, or night prayer halls, each containing a minbar.

The emblem depicted the mihrab, the minbar and the shahada, an Islamic creed.

The high award of the festival is the Golden Minbar statuette in the shape of a reel of cine-film with the ends transforming into the waves carrying the ark with a Minbar - a place from where the Imam preaches.

Among the most notable surviving wood art objects from the Fatimid period is also the minbar commissioned by Badr for the shrine of the head of Husayn ibn Ali in Ascalon (now located at the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron; see Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque).

The other surfaces of the minbar feature a variety of other motifs. Notably, the steps of the minbar are decorated with images of an arcade of Moorish (horseshoe) arches inside which are curving plant motifs, all made entirely in marquetry with different colored woods.

Also distinctively, the minbar is located in a special slot and is moved out for special services.

Sheridan led the Alliance from Babylon 5 for the first year. When the Alliance headquarters in the Minbari city of Tuzanor were complete, Sheridan moved to Minbar. He led the Alliance from there for over a decade. Just before moving to Minbar, Sheridan and Delenn learned that Delenn was pregnant.

One of the finest remaining artifacts of the Almoravid period is the Almoravid minbar from the Kutubiyya Mosque, a minbar commissioned by Ali ibn Yusuf in 1137 and crafted by artisans in Córdoba. Almoravid Kufic is the variety of Maghrebi Kufic script used as an official display script during the Almoravid period.

None of its candidates were elected. At the 2018 election, al-Minbar won two seats for the Council of Representatives.

2004: The Rosen Publishing Group. Saladin's predecessor—the Zengid sultan Nur al-Din—had commissioned the construction of a new minbar or "pulpit" made of ivory and wood in 1168–69, but it was completed after his death; Nur ad-Din's minbar was added to the mosque in November 1187 by Saladin.Madden, 2002, p. 230.

The backrest at the top of the minbar was probably one of the most lavishly decorated parts of it but unfortunately it has lost most of this surface decoration, with only outlines and fragments still visible. Another Kufic inscription, smaller and simpler than the ones found around the sides of the minbar, is carved around the top edge of the backrest but is now incomplete. It states that the minbar was fabricated in Cordoba for a "great venerated mosque" (probably the Mosque of Ali ibn Yusuf in Marrakesh).

The minbar was decorated in a Cordoban style, constructed from expensive wood and embellished with sandalwood, ivory, ebony, gold, and silver.

Ottoman-era minbar of the Molla Çelebi Mosque in Istanbul. A minbar (, also pronounced mimbar and romanized as mimber) is a pulpit in a mosque where the imam (leader of prayers) stands to deliver sermons (خطبة, khutbah). It is also used in other similar contexts such as in a Hussainiya where the speaker sits and lectures the congregation.

A new terrace was added, and the roof shingles were restored. In 1968, the minbar was restored by adding a roof over the outward protruding minbar. Today, however, the addition has been removed to restore the appearance of the mosque to its original form. In 1980-1981, the river bank of Lamandau River was paved to protect the mosque.

The minbar was already widely praised and appreciated among observers and scholars soon after its creation. The fact that the Almohad leader Abd al-Mu'min, who is reputed to have destroyed all Almoravid religious buildings in Marrakesh after he took the city, selected the minbar to be transferred and used at his newly built great mosque (the Kutubiyya) suggests that he saw it as a trophy and a significant artistic object in its own right. The minbar's artistic style and quality was hugely influential and set a standard which was repeatedly imitated, but never surpassed, in subsequent minbars across Morocco and parts of Algeria. The only other minbar produced in the same period and considered to be of similar quality is the Almoravid minbar of the Qarawiyyin Mosque in Fes, produced in 1144.

The Kutubiyya Mosque in Marrakesh today. The Kutubiyya Mosque's historic minbar (pulpit) was commissioned by Ali ibn Yusuf, one of the last Almoravid rulers, and created by a workshop in Cordoba, Spain (al-Andalus). Prior to this, one of the most celebrated minbars in the region was the minbar of the Great Mosque of Cordoba, commissioned by Caliph al-Hakam II during his expansion of the mosque between 961 and 976. Like the later Almoravid-commissioned minbar, it was made using precious woods and inlaid with ivory, but it has not survived to the present day.

A hidden specially designed mechanism integrated into the new mosque allowed for the minbar to advance and retract, seemingly on its own, from its storage room next to the mihrab; a feature at which contemporary observers marvelled. For reasons which are no longer well understood, Abd al- Mu'min decided to rebuild a second Kutubiyya Mosque right next to the first and nearly identical to it. The minbar was then moved to this second mosque while the first mosque was abandoned and eventually demolished. The minbar remained in use here until 1962, when it was moved into storage for protection.

The mihrab is set in a niche with a flat floor. Adjoining the mihrab on either side there are two door openings which lead to small oblong rooms, one of which housed the minbar which used to be shifted on rails to the prayer hall for the Imam to say the daily prayers and give sermons. While the rails that were used to shift the minbar are still embedded in the floor, the minbar itself is now preserved in the National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Arts in Algiers. It is one of the finest sculpted minbars of its type in Algeria.

An inscription dates the fine, ebony minbar to 1155; the minbar is the first dated example of Seljuq art in Anatolia.Scott Redford, The Alâeddin Mosque in Konya Reconsidered, Artibus Asiae, Vol. 51, No. 1/2, 1991:55 The polychrome ceramic frame of the mihrab and the dome above may date to this period. Kaykaus I began a major rebuilding program in 1219.

In contrast to many Christian pulpits, the steps up to the minbar are usually in a straight line on the same axis as the seat. In some mosques there is a platform (müezzin mahfili in Turkish) opposite the minbar where the assistant of the Imam, the muezzin, stands during prayer. The muezzin recites the answers to the prayers of the imam where applicable.

In the early twentieth century, the minbar had a painstaking restoration. Although it has existed for more than eleven centuries, all panels, with the exception of nine, are originals and are in a good state of conservation, the fineness of the execution of the minbar makes it a great masterpiece of Islamic wood carving referring to Paul Sebag.Paul Sebag, op. cit., p.

Progressive Democratic Tribune (), often referred to as al-Minbar, is a political organization launched by returning exiles from the underground communist National Liberation Front – Bahrain in 2001. Ahmad Al-Thawadi was its founding chairman. Effectively al-Minbar came to act as a successor to the NLF. The party has been opposed to sectarian politics and sought to represent constituents whatever their creed.

The minbar is sculpted in wood fixed on wheels for free movement of the Almoravid period. It is patterned in the simple shape of the paneled minbar of the Great Mosque of Qairawan. An enclosed courtyard is part of the outer bays of the mosque structure. A feature that is not seen here is in the layout of the building.

The walls are thick. Nine doors lead into the interior of the building, where the many pillars and arches create a spacious, light, cool and calm environment. Beside the mihrab there is a recessed niche for the minbar, where the prayer leader stands. Mosques in Arabia and East Africa have similar minbar niches, which may indicate that the mosque builders followed the Ibadi school of Islam.

By then its wooden structure and decoration had deteriorated significantly from centuries of use. In 1996-97 the minbar was partially restored by an international team of experts from the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Ministry of Cultural Affairs of the Kingdom of Morocco. The minbar was then moved to a room in the El Badi Palace in Marrakesh for public display, where it remains today.

It was also a consistent champion of women's rights and freedom of speech, meaning that its MPs often found themselves allied with liberals. One of its three MPs, Abdulhadi Marhoon, served as the Deputy Speaker from 2002 to 2006. Al-Minbar also has a youth organization, Shabeeba Society of Bahrain, that is active among the students and young workers with a network of regional and international connections with other left-wing democratic youth organizations. Ahead of the 2006 election, al-Minbar launched the electoral bloc 'National Unity', which had 9 candidates for the Council of Representatives, 5 of whom were members of al- Minbar.

The forward veranda measures and has six doorways to the east and two each to the north and south; in each doorway hangs an iron grate door. Each of the east facing doorways is decorated with a pair of non- supporting columns. In the center of the veranda is the minbar, which juts out to the front and has an iron grate door. The minbar is only used during Eid prayers.

It was moved to Barsbay's mosque when al- Ghamri's mosque was demolished in 1884. The craftsman of the minbar is known from historical sources and is named as Ahmad ibn 'Isa al-Dimyati, who was also responsible for constructing minbars for the Mosque of Mecca and the later Mosque of Qijmas al-Ishaqi. The construction of the minbar was originally financed by a merchant and scholar named Ibn al-Radadi.

She remains on board the station in her new role, upon Sheridan's recommendation that she would have access to more resources at Babylon 5 rather than being on Minbar.

The Mosque of Panjunan contains no minbar, because the mosque is only used for everyday use. The mosque is not used for Friday Prayer or for the annual Eid prayers.

It was one of the only major formal furnishings of a mosque and was thus an important architectural feature in itself. More importantly, however, it was the setting for the weekly Friday sermon which, notably, usually mentioned the name of the current Muslim ruler over the community and included other public announcements of a religious or political nature. As a result, later Muslim rulers sometimes invested considerable expense in commissioning richly- decorated minbars for the main mosques of their major cities. Examples of these include the Almoravid Minbar in Marrakesh, commissioned in 1137 by Ali ibn Yusuf, and the Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque (also commonly known as the Minbar of Saladin) in Jerusalem, commissioned in 1168-69 by Nur ad-Din.

That minbar established a prestigious artistic tradition, originating from formerly Umayyad Al-Andalus, which was imitated and emulated in subsequent periods, though subsequent minbars varied in their exact form and in the choice of the decorative methods. Like the Kutubiyya minbar, the Bou Inania Minbar, made of wood (including ebony and other expensive woods), is decorated via a mix of marquetry and inlaid carved decoration. The main decorative pattern along its major surfaces on either side is centered around eight-pointed stars, from which bands of decorated with ivory inlay then interweave and repeat the same pattern across the rest of the surface. The spaces between these bands form other geometric shapes which are filled with wood panels of intricately carved arabesques.

The minbar (pulpit) of the mosque, kept next to the mihrab, follows in the artistic style and tradition of previous Almohad minbars and of the Almoravid-era Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque. Its form seems to be inspired in particular by the minbar of the Kasbah Mosque (a mosque which was also repaired and restored by Sultan Abdallah al-Ghalib). It is made of a combination of different-coloured woods including cedar and ebony, and its decoration mixes marquetry, ivory or bone inlay, and panels with sculpted reliefs to form both geometric and plant motifs. Scholars have argued that while the quality of its craftsmanship does not live to its predecessors, it does show originality and a continued effort to adopt new forms into the decorative schema.

The First International Festival Of Muslim Cinema "Golden Minbar" took place in the capital of the Russian republic of Tatarstan - Kazan - from the 5th to 11 September 2005 and was devoted to the 1000th anniversary of Kazan. About 20 countries took part in the festival. Like the first festival, the second «Golden minbar» festival also was held in Kazan under the motto «religious tolerance and political correctness». A total of 175 pictures from 25 countries were sent in.

On either side of the mihrab is a door that leads to a small annex behind the mosque, which may have served as a storage room for the minbar (mosque pulpit) and as the imam's chamber. The decoration of the mosque is relatively austere, as with many Almohad mosques. Both the mihrab and the minbar were redone after the Almohad period. The mihrab features some carved decoration and the usual small cupola of muqarnas sculpting inside its niche.

The tomb of Sultana Pertevniyal is also located in the central mosque. The interior also features a plain, marble mihrab and minbar. The building is also stylized with a bold Oriental inclination.

Sheridan leads Minbar, Centauri, and Narn to form a new Interstellar Alliance. With their help, Sheridan is able to free Earth from control of President Clark and install a new, more peaceful regime.

Emperor Cotto goes to Minbar for one last meal with Sheridan and his friends. When the time comes to remember all who died, Cotto raises his glass to the memory of Londo Mollari.

The minbar is painted with floral motives. Both the large dome and the half-dome of the mosque are covered with lead. The stone flooring of the mosque and the carpentry are original.

All the windows are enclosed in hand-carved decorations colored with white on blue. The mihrab is made of soft limestone. It is decorated with a muqarnas. The minbar was renewed in wood.

Retrieved January 23, 2018. Some of the oldest artifacts and pieces of art in Fes are housed here, including architectural fragments from the Idrisid era and the remains of the 9th- century minbar of the Andalusian Mosque, crafted under both Fatimid and Andalusian Ummayyad patronage. The 14th-century minbar of the Bou Inania Madrasa is also housed here. Other artifacts include historic Qur'ans, astrolabes, musical instruments, carpets, jewelry, and a large collection of local ceramics in the "blue" style of Fes.

The other surfaces of the minbar feature a variety of different motifs. The steps of the minbar are decorated with images of an arcade of Moorish (horseshoe) arches inside which are curving plant motifs, all made entirely in marquetry with different colored woods. The inside of the staircase's balustrades were originally covered in panels of carved arabesques, but only one of these has survived. The bottom of the minbar's staircase is flanked by two much taller balustrades pierced with a horseshoe- arch frame.

The mihrab (niche symbolizing the direction of prayer), carved with a canopy of muqarnas, dates from 1572 by a craftsman named Mehmed and was commissioned by a patron named Zeyni Çelebi. Its painted and gilded decoration dates from 1905. The wooden minbar, next to the mihrab, is made in the traditional Anatolian Seljuk style using the kundekari technique (using interlocking pieces of wood held together without nails or glue). The surfaces of the minbar are carved with geometric patterns and arabesque floral patterns.

The interior of the mosque consists of pavements made of marble mosaic, a center aisle with raised iwans on both sides, arcades with classical capitals, and two rows of windows. The southeast wall of the mosque is where the mihrab and minbar are located. The minbar is decorated while the mihrab is less ornamented in comparison to the other features of the mosque. The simpler mihrab during this period may have served as a reflection of the modesty of the Sufi brotherhoods.

The minbar is also made of stone and features excellent craftsmanship with carved geometric patterns, though it is a later donation from Sultan Qaytbay in 1483 and reflects the artistic quality of that time.

Great Mosque () or the Great Mosque of Nedroma () is a historic mosque in the city of Nedroma, about 77km from Tlemcen, Algeria. The mosque was founded in 1145 and contains the earliest surviving Almoravid minbar.

The exact place of her tomb is unknown, for she had asked Ali to hide it. Three places has been specified as her grave; Al- Baqi', her house and between Muhammad's tomb and his minbar.

The middle naves are higher than the others resembling the historic Turkic tents used in the nomadic era the Central Asia. The mosque's minbar, the pulpit, is a masterwork made by Horasanlı İbni Mehmet in 1245, and is famous for its ornaments in geometrical and floral design engraved in walnut wood. It is believed that the minbar was brought here from the Sivrihisar Kılıç Masjid, which was demolished in 1924. The minaret was added by Osman oğlu Hacı Habib in 1409–1410 according to its inscription.

The mihrab is a narrow, corbelled niche in the center of the qibla wall, and is defined by a similar niche with three built-in stone steps to its right. The mihrab, the minbar, and the lower part of the qibla wall are plastered with white wash. Viewed from the outside, one sees that the mihrab and minbar protrude slightly out of the qibla wall. Also visible is an exposed stone staircase constructed along the qibla wall from the street side that reaches the roof.

Many of the muqarnas compositions are further decorated with intricate reliefs of arabesques and Arabic inscriptions in both Kufic and cursive letters. Additionally, there are several elaborately carved bronze chandeliers hanging in the nave which were gifted to the mosque during the Almohad and Marinid eras; at least three of which were made from bells (probably church bells) brought back from victories in Spain. To the right of the mihrab is the minbar (pulpit) of the mosque, which could also be stored in a small room behind a door in the qibla wall here. The minbar is most likely of similar origins as the famous Almoravid minbar of the Koutoubia Mosque, made by a workshop in Cordoba not long after the latter and installed in the Qarawiyyin Mosque in 1144 (at the end of the Almoravid works on the mosque).

The original minbar of the madrasa's mosque is today housed at the Dar Batha museum (located further west, not far from Bab Bou Jeloud), with a later replacement now present in the mosque itself. This original dates from 1350-1355 when the madrasa was being built, and is notable as one of the best Marinid examples of its kind. Minbars, often described or translated as a "pulpit", was by this period a mostly symbolic object in mosques; the form of the Bou Inania minbar did not practically allow an imam to actually climb it. Its form and decoration, like most minbars of Morocco after the Almoravid period, was closely inspired and derived from the famous minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque, which was commissioned in 1137 by the Almoravid emir Ali ibn Yusuf and crafted in Cordoba, Spain (Al-Andalus).

The Salah Eddin minbar was also restored. The project was paid for by King Hussein personally, at a cost of $8 million. The Temple Mount remains, under the terms of the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty, under Jordanian custodianship.

Waad was banned on terrorism charges in June 2017. At the election, independents won 35 seats, Al Asalah won 3 seats and the Progressive Democratic Tribune (al-Minbar, effectively the successor to the National Liberation Front – Bahrain) won 2 seats.

Its valuable materials (especially marble) were stripped away and reused in other buildings across Morocco. Today it is a major tourist attraction in Marrakesh as well as an exhibition space; notably, the Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque is displayed here.

He was selected over many more senior officers, including Colonel Ari Ben Zayn, all of whom had been vetoed by the Minbari (they had stipulated that they should approve the choice of Station Commander, as they had shared the cost of construction). In January 2259, Sinclair was reassigned as ambassador to Minbar, where he took command of the Rangers. He was succeeded at Babylon 5 by Captain John Sheridan. In 2260, Sinclair received a 900-year old letter from himself on Minbar, revealing that he was not the reincarnation of Valen, as the Grey Council believed, but in fact Valen himself.

Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera By: Qazi Dr. Shaikh Abbas Borhany PhD (USA), NDI, Shahadat al A'alamiyyah (Najaf, Iraq), M.A., LLM (Shariah) Member, Ulama Council of Pakistan. Published in Daily News, Karachi, Pakistan on 3 January 2009 . According to an Arabic inscription on the Fatimid minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron, the Fatimid vizier Badr al-Jamali conquered Palestine under Caliph al-Mustansir Billah and discovered the head of Husayn in AH 448. He constructed the minbar, a mosque and the mashhad at the place of burial.Williams, Caroline. 1983.

The Minbari are an advanced race, who are a galactic superpower just like the Earth-Alliance. Their homeworld is the planet Minbar. Babylon 5 creator J. Michael Straczynski named the planet and race after the Islamic pulpit known as a minbar. They were one of the military forces of the younger races in the previous Shadow War (the Vorlons being the main force) which took place roughly in the Earth year 1260 A.D. The Minbari were completely defeated by the Shadows in this first war and on the verge of total extinction but were saved by the Earth Babylon 4 station.

In January 2259, Sinclair was reassigned as ambassador to Minbar, where he took command of the Rangers. He was succeeded at Babylon 5 by Captain John Sheridan. In 2260, Sinclair received a 900-year old letter from himself on Minbar, revealing that he was not the reincarnation of Valen, as the Grey Council believed, but in fact Valen himself. Armed with this knowledge, Sinclair took Babylon 4 back with him 1,000 years to aid the Minbari in their first war against the Shadows, and in so doing, fulfilled Minbari prophecy by becoming the One Who Was.

For the third International festival of Muslim cinema "Golden minbar", the guest of honour at the festival in Kazan was the French actress Catherine Deneuve and Kazakhstan's ambassador to UNESCO Olzhas Suleimenov. Now, more than 40 countries take part in the festival.

Seljukid architecture page In the original praying area there was no minbar or mihrab. The original dome was demolished during a storm. It was replaced by a wooden roof. But in 2007 during the restoration a modern dome was added to the mosque.

The minbar was replaced by Baybars I in 1395, and later by Shaykh al-Mahmudi in 1417. This was also replaced by a marble one by Qaitbay in the late fifteenth century, which as of 2013, is still used in the mosque.

The minbar in this hall is cut from a solid piece of green marble with a flight of 14 steps and is considered to be one of the master pieces of the Zand period. The exuberant floral decorative tiles largely date from the Qajar period.

Great Mosque of Tripoli . Archnet Digital Library. During Amir Qaratay's first term as Governor of Tripoli (1316-1326), he endowed the Mansouri's Mosque's minbar and also built the Madrasah Qartawiyyah, known as the "finest" madrasa in Tripoli, which adjoins the mosque to the east.

Bahrain has been regularly accused of doing very little to prevent the flow of funds for the terrorism financing in other nations. Bahrain accepts Muslim Brotherhood affiliate Minbar as a legitimate political player.Qatar’s Links to Terrorism: The War of Narratives, Fair Observer, 21 October 2019.

He turned one of the rooms into a shrine and mausoleum of Imam Muhsin, and added a musholla (prayer space) and a minbar. The mausoleum was destroyed by the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant in 2015 after an attempt to loot the mosque.

Sultan Qalawun replaced the burnt out mihrab (niche indicating the qibla, or direction to Mecca) in 1285. Later, Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (1293–1341) had the new minbar ("preacher's pulpit") constructed during his reign. The courtyard and minaret of the mosque were renovated in 2003.

Al-Mahdi's renovation is the first known to have written records describing it.Jeffers, 2004, pp. 95–96. In 985, Jerusalem-born Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi recorded that the renovated mosque had "fifteen naves and fifteen gates". Saladin Minbar, early 1900s. The minbar was built on Nur al-Din's orders, but installed by Saladin In 1033, there was another earthquake, severely damaging the mosque. The Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir rebuilt and completely renovated the mosque between 1034 and 1036. The number of naves was drastically reduced from 15 to seven. Az-Zahir built the four arcades of the central hall and aisle, which presently serve as the foundation of the mosque.

The Minbar is made of wood and mother of pearl with geometric designs which creates a shine from the pearl and more ornament from the mosaics. On the other side of the Minbar is a Dikka, or columns in a mosque for the Imam to stand between to recite Quran from for everyone in the mosque to hea This Dikka also has an inscription band in late Mamluk style. The Mihrab or prayer niche is covered with inlaid marble and blue-glass plates, which is a symbol of the exceptional Mamluk tradition and culture. The walls are made with slabs of polychrome marble with intricate details and mosaics.

The family later settled in Monterrey, Mexico, where Hayek attended university at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM). Then, the family emigrated again, this time to Houston, Texas, where Hayek attended the University of Houston. Hayek went on to attend the University of Texas at Dallas and graduated with a master’s degree in International Management. Hayek also attended the New York Film Academy, where he studied documentary film making. He later collaborated with André Singer on the film “Stairway to Heaven – Rebuilding the Minbar of Saladin”Thames & Hudson (2008) "The Minbar of Saladin: Reconstructing a Jewel of Islamic Art" Google Books.

Details of the mosque's alt= The mosque today also contains a minbar (pulpit next to the mihrab) that is sometimes cited as the most beautiful and accomplished work of its kind in Cairo. Like most Mamluk minbars of the period it is made of wood and inlaid with ivory across a surface decorated with complex geometric star patterns. One detail that differs from other minbars of this type is that the geometric patterns have slightly curved lines instead of straight lines, subtly enhancing their visual effect. The minbar originally belonged to the Mosque of al-Ghamri which was built in 1451 in the Bab al-Shari'a area of Cairo.

Interfaith Worker Justice's annual "Labor in the Pulpit/on the Bimah/in the Minbar" program places pro-union speakers in houses of worship during Labor Day weekend in order to recognize the sacred work of all its members and support low-wage workers' struggles for justice.

The dome and vaults are covered with bricks. The mihrab and minbar of the mosque are of plain design. The minaret, which is situated to the right of the entrance, is made of brick and has one balcony. There is no information about the old mosque.

The mihrab (niche) is also embellished in the same style as the minbar. There is a slim minaret built at the arcaded entrance, which has four domes. The mosque facing the street, has the minaret to its right corner. The minaret has a sherefe (minaret balcony).

The haram reaches and capable of accommodating 1,000 worshipers. The haram has old mihrab and minbar, with the inscriptions of the Qur'anic verses over the wall. دليل الجوامع والمساجد التراثية والأثرية - ديوان الوقف السني في العراق. p.36. The mosque is a place where Said Sultan Ali was buried.

The wooden minbar is a modern replacement. The mausoleum is attached to the prayer hall. It is entered from the outside from northwest, but opens into the prayer hall with a grilled archway. The chamber is crowned by a mirror vault at the height of the prayer hall drum.

It was followed by the restoration of a tomb, place of wudu, minbar, mihrab, pond, and installation of lightning arrestor on the minaret, environmental arrangement, and construction of gate. Pusat Peradaban di Kaki Gunung Merapi . Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional Antara Biro Sumatera Barat. Retrieved March 26, Maret 2012.

The minaret did not exist initially, and it was added later in 1348 according to the scripture available inside the prayer hall. The date of construction is inscribed on the minbar commissioned specifically for the mosque, and on the part of the marble which is used for the minaret.

Nassar's Ijaza, 2003 Nassar started his academic career straight after graduation as a lecturer (1988-1995) of Arabic Calligraphy at the Faculty of Education and the Language Centre at the University of Jordan. In 1998, he became a member of Al-Balqa` Applied University in Jordan where he contributed to the setting up of the Institute of Traditional Islamic Arts in 1998. This institute was responsible for the reconstruction of the twelfth-century Saladin's pulpit (minbar) (منبر صلاح الدين) which was later in 2006 installed in its original place at al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. Nassar was mainly in charge of redrawing and designing the entire inscriptions and ornamentation of the Minbar.

The minbar is symbolically the seat of the imam who leads prayers in the mosque and delivers sermons. In the early years of Islam, this seat was reserved for the Prophet Muhammad and then for the caliphs who followed him, who were officially the imam of the whole Muslim community, but it eventually became standard for all Friday mosques and was used by the local imam. Nonetheless, the minbar retained its significance as a symbol of authority. While minbars are roughly similar to church pulpits, they have a function and position more similar to that of a church lectern, being used instead by the imam for a wide range of readings and prayers.

In 1147 the Almohad ruler Abd al-Mu'min conquered Marrakesh from the Almoravids and began construction of the Kutubiyya Mosque that same year. This new mosque was to replace the Ben Youssef Mosque as the main mosque of the city, as Abd al-Mu'min is reported to have demolished all the mosques in the city built under the Almoravids, purportedly due to their erroneous qibla alignment. It is not certain when the mosque was completed, but it may have been around 1157. Abd al-Mu'min ordered the Almoravid minbar of Ali ibn Yusuf to be transferred to his new mosque, possibly an indication of the high esteem in which the minbar was already held at the time.

Its surfaces are covered with more highly elaborate ornamentation including carvings and bands of fine wooden mosaics, forming somewhat different motifs from the rest of the minbar. The outer sides of these balustrades feature curved interlacing bands around quatrefoil and dodecagonal forms, while the inner sides feature an eight-pointed star composition (an abridged version of the pattern on the main flanks of the minbar) which is framed by a band of blackwood deeply carved with a Qur'anic inscription of Kufic Arabic letters on an arabesque background. The top of the staircase is framed by similar but much shorter balustrades pierced with horseshoe arches. These in turn have their own set of curving motifs, mosaics, and arabesque panel decoration.

Then, they washed the interior of the mosque to make it ready for the first Friday prayer that it would host on 15 September, which was attended by the commander Lala Mustafa Pasha and saw the official conversion of the cathedral into a mosque. During the same year, the two minarets were added, as well as Islamic features such as the mihrab and the minbar. The first imam of the mosque was Moravizade Ahmet Efendi, who hailed from the Morea province of the Ottoman Empire. All imams maintained the tradition of climbing the stairs to the minbar before Friday sermons while leaning on a sword used during the conquest of Nicosia to signify that Nicosia was captured by conquest.

The minbar is smaller than its famous predecessor (measuring 2.87 meters high, 2.25 meters long, and 76 centimeters wide) but also displays remarkable artistic quality. The minbar is made of wood (including ebony and other expensive woods), is decorated via a mix of marquetry and inlaid carved decoration, just like its famous predecessor. The main decorative pattern along its major surfaces on either side is centered around eight-pointed stars, from which bands of decorated with ivory and bone inlay then interweave and repeat the same pattern across the rest of the surface. The spaces between these bands form other geometric shapes which are filled with wood panels of intricately carved arabesques.

The double-minaret mosque is a typical 16th century Ottoman mosque and it resembles Fatih Mosque in İstanbul. The praying area is roofed by a big dome. There are seven small domes over the portico. The mihrab is made of blue marble and the minbar is made of white marble.

Close to the centre of the settlement, and the fort, the village's second largest structure has been excavated. The architecture and alignment suggests that this building was a mosque. Elements such as a mihrab, minbar, a well for washing, and an open courtyard all mirror closely other later Qatari mosques.

Both external and internal walls as well as the mihrab, minbar, columns, and balcony, bear original elaborate incised woodwork. The mosque does not have a full dome but a recess with an inset carved medallion. The mosque was renovated in 2013 and is functional, reserved for Friday or holiday services.

The mosque has a rectangular plan in the northeast-southwest orientation. The front northern façade is supported by six sharp arches, whereas the western façade is supported by four. The mihrab and minbar show baroque characteristics. There is a wooden mezzanine in the northeast that serves as the women's section.

Above its frame of tile and stone bands is a Quranic inscription. The ensemble is topped by two arched windows and a rosette made of stained glass. The minbar, to the left of the mihrab, is made of marble carved with floral motifs and inscriptions and roofed by a conical dome.

The Kufic script of the Almoravid dinar was imitated in a maravedí issued by Alfonso VIII of Castile. The minbar of the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque, created in 1144, was the "last major testament of Almoravid patronage," and features what is now called Maghrebi thuluth, an interpretation of Eastern thuluth and diwani traditions.

Al-Baqi', her house and between the Prophet's tomb and his minbar are the possible places of her grave. One of the important reasons that Fatima's grave was concealed is because of her protest against what happened regarding to the caliphate of the Holy prophet.Ibn Abil-Hadid, Sharh Nahjul- Balaghah, vol.16, pg.

Pendentives springing from four thick piers support wide arches and the dome. In the middle of the south wall there is a mihrab, next to a simple minbar, made of four stone steps. The site of Khirbet Masub was immediately to the east of Bassa, in which was found the Phoenician Masub inscription.

Aligarh Muslim University, 2008.Desplat, Patrick. "The Making of a ‘Harari’ City in Ethiopia: Constructing and Contesting Saintly Places in Harar." Dimensions of Locality: Muslim Saints, Their Place and Space 8 (2008): 149.Harar – the Ethiopian city known as 'Africa's Mecca' , BBC, 21 July 2017 A Fatimid-era minbar is kept at the Mosque.

The north side of the mosque originally had a double portico but in 1749 the inner portico with five domes was incorporated into the prayer hall. The dome is supported on six arches with two free-standing hexagonal piers. The original painted decoration has not survived. The simple minbar is made of white marble.

Traces exist of the vaults in which were stored the treasures of the dey. Djamaa el Kebir (Jamaa-el-Kebir الجامع الكبير) is the oldest mosque in Algiers. It was first built by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, but reconstructed many times. The pulpit (minbar منبر) bears an inscription showing that the building existed in 1097.

The central ventilation tower of the building, typical feature in Indies Style. The prayer hall is oriented 45 degree relative to the orientation of the building. As a result, the minbar was positioned in the middle of the prayer hall, not at the qibla wall. The building was initially built as an architecture office.

The palace today is a well-known tourist attraction. The complex contains an exhibition space where the 12th-century Almoravid minbar that once stood in the Kutubiyya Mosque is on display, in addition to other exhibition spaces opened in 2018. For a number of years the Marrakesh Folklore Festival has taken place within the palace.

Materials like marble were used to build the mihrab and minbar, pink mosaics were also used to decorate the Mihrab. The reconstructed dome was built from concrete, while stone was used to build the two, slim minarets. There are also several panels of calligraphy executed by Abdülmecid I himself, as he was a calligrapher along with being a sultan.

Kauman Great Mosque is built in a typical religious Javanese architecture with its triple-tiered roof, lack of minaret, and a serambi. Kauman Great Mosque is built in over a walled complex. The main ceremonial gateway is located on the east side and on the north side. A three-leveled minbar is located to the west (the qibla direction).

Internally, the mosque is two storeys high. The ground floor houses the inner prayer hall where the Congregational prayers are performed. It is surrounded by a cloister and an outer prayer hall where town meetings, religious discourses, wedding ceremonies, and dhikr gatherings are held. Another unique aspect of the mosque is the absence of a physical Minbar or pulpit.

Detail of the geometric motif on the flanks of the minbar, centered around a recurring eight-pointed star. The spaces are filled with inlay and wood-carved arabesque pieces. A part of the Kufic Arabic inscription which runs along the upper edge of the minbar's sides. Moorish arch and plant motifs visible on the faces of the steps.

According to the official plaque, the total area of the mosque is and the square-plan interior area is , meaning enough room for 400 prayers. The building material is stone. Although it is an Ottoman mosque, the non-Muslim architect Todiri has introduced some church elements like unusually decorated minbar and the portal of the building.

Mimar Sinan was the chief imperial architect to multiple sultans, the construction of this mosque set the aesthetic techniques for his later developments. The half domes and attention to small ornamental design became his signature style, making the architect easily recognizable.The housing of two very slender minarets, minbar, and ablution fountain makes it directly correlate to Islamic Architectural.

The original portico had a shadirvan (ablution fountain) to its right. Inside are prayer rooms, a müezzin mahfili (balcony for the call to prayer), a minbar (pulpit for the imam), and an entrance door to the minaret. The minaret is carved from stone and includes 12 corners with an arch on each. The total area of the building is .

The uppermost roof- tier is much steeper than the rest of the roof tiers; four hatches provide cross ventilation. The top of the roof is decorated with a pole, symbolizing the Arabic letter alif, which symbolizes Allah. The mosque has a square layout and aligned roughly east–west. An ornate minbar is placed in the mihrab.

An Almoravid dinar minted under Ali ibn Yusuf in Seville featuring Almoravid Kufic script. Under the Almoravid dynasty, the Andalusi script spread throughout the Maghreb, reaching Qairawan; the Jerīd region, however, kept the African script. A version of Kufic with florid features developed at this time. The University of al-Qarawiyyin, the Almoravid Qubba, and the Almoravid Minbar bear examples of Almoravid Kufic.

Petersen, 2002, p. 282 A large square room roofed by a large dome, it has a mihrab in the south wall, next to a modern stone minbar. The mausoleum has an iwan at its north end, and the stone cenotaph beneath it is covered in green cloth. Below a wooden frame in the middle of the room is the entrance to a cave.

Umar II (Umar Bin Abdul Aziz) replaced the cursing of Ali and his progeny, on the minbar during Friday prayers with verse 15 from Sura 59 (al- Hashr) and verse 90 of Sura 16 (al-Nahl) from the Qur'an. Al-Tabari mentions that the cursing of Ali definitely came to an end only with the fall of the Umayyad dynasty.

The interior is divided into two long cross-vaulted bays resting on six large piers. There are four windows in west wall facing the sea. The mihrab is placed in the centre of the south wall and can be seen on the exterior as a rectangular projection. To the west of the mihrab are the remains of a minbar (now destroyed).

He turned one of the rooms into a shrine and mausoleum of Imam Muhsin, and added a musholla (prayer space) and a minbar. The mausoleum was located in an underground shaft in a smaller mosque which was part of the complex. It was destroyed by the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant in 2015 after an attempt to loot the mosque.

In addition there are ten windows, placed above the lower part of the dome. The window gaps, placed in two vertical. The mosque structure is built entirely in the Classical Ottoman Architectural tradition. The minbar or the pulpit in the mosque, is a unique special feature from where the imam addresses prayer meetings, which is embellished with kalem işi, polychrome wall paintings.

Built by local masons, the structure is of Indo-Saracenic and Indo-Islamic blend. It has four minarets in four corners of the structure, a hallway, the Mihrab in the main prayer room (musallah). The Mihrab has a Minbar for regional khatibs to deliver sermons (khutbah) The exterior has a corridor by the pond for ritual purification (Wudu). The stairs lead to the top of the mosque.

A mihrab indicates the direction of the qibla for prayer. Towards the right of the mihrab stands the minbar or pulpit from where the Imam presides over the proceedings. An elevated platform, usually a minaret from where the Faithful are summoned to attend prayers is an invariable part of a mosque. Large mosques where the faithful assemble for the Friday prayers are called the Jama Masjids.

The minbar is located to the right of the mihrab, a niche in the far wall of the mosque which symbolizes the direction of prayer (i.e. towards Mecca). It is usually shaped like a small tower with a seat or kiosk-like structure at its top and a staircase leading up to it. The bottom of the staircase often had a doorway or portal.

The minbar is essentially a triangular structure with the hypotenuse side occupied by a staircase with nine steps. It is long, wide, and tall. The main structure is made in North African cedar wood, although the steps were made of walnut tree wood and the minbar's base was made with fir tree wood. The surfaces are decorated through a mix of marquetry and inlaid sculpted pieces.

Entrance to the new El-Marwani mosque. In 1990, the waqf began construction of a series of outdoor minbar (pulpits) to create open-air prayer areas for use on popular holy days. A monument to the victims of the Sabra and Shatila massacre was also erected. In 1996, the Waqf began underground construction of the new el-Marwani Mosque in the southeastern corner of the Temple Mount.

These mosques were distinguished by their central location, large dimensions, monumental architecture, symbolic furnishings indicative of its exalted stature, and, the most demonstrative of all, the minbar (ritual pulpit). In contemporary times, Friday congregational prayers with sermons are common in mosques of all sizes and conditions, and not just restricted to a few central locations. sermons are also dispensed through newspapers and broadcast on radio and television.

Originally the mosque backed onto Ibn Tulun's palace, and a door next to the minbar allowed him direct entry to the mosque. Al-Qata'i was razed in the early 10th century AD, and the mosque is the only surviving structure. Geometric arch decorations - The floral representations and geometric designs on the arches reflects abbasid art. The mosque was constructed in the Samarran style common with Abbasid constructions.

The interior of the mosque is decorated with various furniture. The minbar is built in Arabic style. The minaret consists of several parts, so it is squared from the base to the top of the mosque wall with a narrow roof on three sides. The mosque, as well as the harem itself, is secured by a rock-wall support wall with a concrete slab.

Vice-President of the International Muslim Film Festival Golden Minbar since April 2006. In 2007, the Islamic Cultural Center of Russia headed by Niyazov became a public division of Russian Muftis Council. Chairman of the Board of Directors of Islamic social network Salamworld since 2011. He was awarded the Medal "For Distinction in Military Service" 2nd class and the Medal "For Construction of the Baikal-Amur Railway".

The Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi () extended the mosque to the north by . His name was also inscribed on the walls of the mosque. He also planned to remove six steps to the minbar, but abandoned this idea, fearing damage to the wooden platforms on which they were built. According to an inscription of Ibn Qutaybah, the caliph al-Ma'mun () did "unspecified work" on the mosque.

This would be a purification in which Delenn could sacrifice herself for her caste and for the Minbari people. With her sacrifice, the leadership of Minbar would continue to be held by the religious caste - not the warriors. Her old rival Neroon saved her life, however. And in his death cries he joined the religious caste, which returned to Delenn the balance of power.

It remained there until 1962, when it was moved into storage and then to the El Badi Palace for public display, where it remains today. Made primarily of wood and decorated with a variety of techniques, the minbar is considered one of the high points of Moorish, Moroccan, and Islamic art. It was enormously influential in the design of subsequent minbars produced across Morocco and the surrounding region.

The earliest form of girih on a book is seen in the frontispiece of a Quran manuscript from the year 1000, found in Baghdad. It is illuminated with interlacing octagons and thuluth calligraphy. In woodwork, one of the earliest surviving examples of Islamic geometric art is the 13th- century minbar (pulpit) of the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Cairo. Girih patterns can be created in woodwork in two different ways.

One of these is dated to the construction of the mosque in 1826. The other, dated to 1899, was inscribed by the Cypriot calligrapher Kutubul El Hac Mehmet Arif in the talik script. It details the reconstruction of the mosque and various other benefactions by Muhammed Sadık Bey. In the southeastern wall of the men's prayer area lies a simple mihrab and a wooden minbar with exquisite floral woodwork.

The International Festival of Muslim Cinema Golden Minbar is an annual event which provides a forum for Muslim filmmakers. It is a showcase for Islamic Cinema and Muslim Cinema. It provides a place for meetings and an exchange of experience among the filmmakers of Russia, the Muslim countries and the world. The festival is open to not only Muslims, but also the representatives of other faiths creating films.

The museum holds a variety of artifacts from Meknes and the surrounding region, including ceramics, wooden objects, embroidery, carpets, and jewellery. Most objects date from the 19th or 20th centuries, but some older objects date from the reign of Moulay Isma'il or earlier. Among the latter are the wooden minbar and maqsura of the Lalla Aouda Mosque, dating from the late 17th century when Moulay Isma'il built the mosque.

One historical chronicle claims that the mosque's construction was funded in part by olive oil production in Meknes and that labour was provided by Christian prisoners captured in al- Andalus (Spain). The mosques' construction was completed in 1278. The mosque's minbar, designed by a craftsman named "Algharnati", was finished in 1279. The mosque's maqsura (wooden screen shielding the sultan during prayers) and the mosque's grand chandelier were installed in 1280.

The Akho mosque () is a congregational mosque in Adjara, an autonomous entity in southwest Georgia. It is the oldest extant mosque in Adjara, dated to 1818. The building is known for its decorative wooden carvings on the door and minbar, a fusion of Ottoman motifs and elements of vernacular Georgian architecture. The mosque is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

A part of the Kufic Arabic inscription which runs along the upper edge of the minbar's sides. The minbar is an essentially triangular structure with the hypotenuse side occupied by a staircase with nine steps. It is long, wide, and tall. The main structure is made in North African cedar wood, although the steps were made of walnut tree wood and the minbar's base was made with fir tree wood.

The interior of the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque is famous for the İznik tiles, decorated with a wide variety of blue, red and green floral designs, with panels of calligraphy in white thuluth letters on a blue ground. The interior columns make use of polychrome marble. The minbar is made of white marble with a conical cap, sheathed in Iznik tiles. The windows above the mihrab have stained glass.

1147), the secretary of the Fatimid Chancery, to write a letter (sijill), known under the title of 'al-Hidayat al-Amiriyya li-Mawlana al-Amir fi ithbat Imamat Mawlana al-Mustaʿli waʿr-radd alaʿn Nizariyya' or 'ar Risalatuʿl- Amiriyya' in favor of al-Mustaʿli, which was to be read from the minbar of all the mosques in Egypt. He also circulated copies of this letter in Syria, causing an outcry among the Nizaris of Damascus.

Interior of the Mosque Mihrab of the Mosque Minbar of the Mosque The Mosque has one main dome in the centre facing the entrance supported by eight large pillars along with three large domes on either side. There are three smaller domes at the back of the top. The courtyard has a series of seven domes on the sides. There is a şadırvanı (fountain used for Islamic ritual washing) overlooking the courtyard.

Lonban (), one of the oldest quarters of Isfahan, is famous for its mosque. Its current structure is rebuilt in the contemporary era, but some of the plaster works and paintings are from the Safavid age. Some of the inscriptions on the portal are the art works of Mohammad Reza Emami. Besides there is an extraordinary wooden minbar which is one of the most exquisite artworks from the time of the Safavid dynasty.

March 2006 earthquake. This mosque has two entrances, on its eastern and western sides. The interior façade of the dome-covered space, beside the architectural adjunction made in various periods, incorporates refined decorations, including an exquisite epigraph on the southern wall, above the mihrab. Beside the majesty and importance of this building and the delicacy of its architectural fabric, note must be made of the mosque's nine-stepped minbar, of particular importance.

No trace of the building survives to this day. A marble inscription that stood on its wall and praised Ali Ruhi Efendi was removed in 1965 and placed in the Mevlevi Tekke Museum. The mosque was repaired in the late 19th century by the Ottoman Imperial Ministry of Religious Foundations (). A new minbar, which stands to this day, was ordered in 1895 from carpenter Hacı Hasan in exchange for a payment of £4.

The apse became a mihrab,Hollis 2009, p. 33. the tower previously constructed during the Roman Catholic occupation of the Parthenon was extended upwards to become a minaret, a minbar was installed, the Christian altar and iconostasis were removed, and the walls were whitewashed to cover icons of Christian saints and other Christian imagery.D'Ooge 1909, p. 317. Illustration by French artist Jacques Carrey of Athens and the Parthenon (still completely intact) in 1674.

The main dome has a diameter of , and is flanked on both sides by three smaller domes. The stone-carved mihrab widely lost its originality after it was decorated in the Ottoman Imperial architectural style. Some parts of the original minbar were affixed to the new one. Although a unique building, Uşak Grand Mosque has interesting similarities of architectural plan with Old Mosque, Edirne, Great Mosque of Sofia and Dzhumaya Mosque in Plovdiv.

Congregants pray in rows parallel to the qiblah wall and thus arrange themselves so they face Mecca. In the qiblah wall, usually at its center, is the mihrab, a niche or depression indicating the direction of Mecca. Usually the mihrab is not occupied by furniture either. A raised minbar or pulpit is located to the right side of the mihrab for a Khaṭīb, or some other speaker, to offer a Khuṭbah (Sermon) during Friday prayers.

Worshippers pray in rows parallel to the qibla wall and thus arrange themselves so they face Mecca. In the qibla wall, usually at its center, is the mihrab, a niche or depression indicating the'qibla wall. Usually the mihrab is not occupied by furniture either. Sometimes, especially during Friday prayers, a raised minbar or pulpit is located to the side of the mihrab for a khatib or some other speaker to offer a sermon (khutbah).

The ḥaram (, "sanctuary") consists of the main prayer hall to the courtyard's south, which contains the primary elements of the mosque: the shrine of Zechariah, a 15th- century minbar (, "pulpit"), and an elaborately carved miḥrâb (, "niche"). Although the central entrance contains an inscription attributing its construction to Ottoman sultan Murad III, it was built by the Mamluks.Houtsma, 1987, p. 235. The hall has three naves, all lined with 18 quadrangular columns with cross-vaults.

It is believed that the minbar was originally placed in the first Ben Youssef Mosque (named after Ali ibn Yusuf, but entirely rebuilt in later centuries). It was then transferred by the Almohad ruler Abd al-Mu'min to the first Kutubiyya Mosque and was later moved to the second incarnation of that mosque. It remained there until 1962, when it was moved to the El Badi Palace where it is now on display for visitors.

The pillars and carved brackets from the former temples can be seen in the colonnade of the mosque's inner courtyard. Hindu and Jain-style carvings can be seen on these pillars. One of the two gates of the mosque is also of Jain style. The mihrabs and minbar of the mosque were designed by the Muslims. File:CH-NB - Britisch- Indien, Dhar- Lat Masjid ("Pillar Mosque") - Annemarie Schwarzenbach - SLA- Schwarzenbach-A-5-22-135.

The Nur Al-Din Mosque (, transliteration: Jami Nur al-Din) is a Zengid-era mosque in Hama, Syria.Nur al-Din Mosque Archnet Digital Library. It was founded by Nur al-Din in 1163-64 CE. It also contained a historic minbar from the same date, which is now held at the local Hama Museum. The mosque was profoundly damaged in the 1982 shelling of the city and subsequently restored to its current state.

Mihrab in the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba Mihrab (, ', pl. '), (, '), is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the "qibla wall". The minbar, which is the raised platform from which an imam (leader of prayer) addresses the congregation, is located to the right of the mihrab.

Outside, one set of steps leads to the top of the structure and another to the muezzin's tower. The entire building is constructed of brick and limestone mortar; its doorway features large religious inscriptions. The rear wall of the mosque has a series of intricately designed limestone jalis (perforated screens) while the central room has a minbar (pulpit) where the imam stands to deliver sermons. This tall features is made of marble and remains completely intact.

The minbar has an area of 3 × 1.38 meters. In the 100th anniversary of the Rao Rao Mosque in October 2008, Shodiq Pasadigoe, the regent of Tanah Datar at that time, said there were two other mosques throughout West Sumatra that resembled this mosque because it was asked to be built similarly, namely the Mosque of Saadah which is also located in Tarab River, Tanah Datar Regency and Koto Baru Grand Mosque in Pagu River, South Solok Regency.

The minbar inside the mosque also dates from the Mamluk era (around 1300) and was a gift of the Mamluk amir Baktimur al-Jugandar. It has excellent craftsmanship and is one of the oldest surviving minbars in Cairo. Today, the base of the mosque (along with the shops that once lined its exterior) is nearly two metres below the current street level, illustrating how much the street level has risen in the city since the 12th century.

Acclaimed composer A. R. Rahman composed the musical score. The soundtrack of the film was released on January 19, 2008. Upon release, it was a critical and commercial success. The film won the Audience Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the São Paulo International Film Festival, two awards at the Golden Minbar International Film Festival, seven Star Screen Awards five Filmfare Awards and two National Film Awards, in addition to two nominations at the 3rd Asian Film Awards.

The building does not orient to the qibla (direction to Kaaba). As a result, the direction of the prayer hall is oriented around 45 degree relative to the building's orientation. As a result of this orientation, both the mihrab and the minbar of the mosque are located in the middle of the prayer hall, as opposed to the usual front of the prayer hall. The central flight of stairs were removed to make way for the prayer hall.

The Great Mosque of Algiers (, Jemaa Kebir) or “Djama’a al-Kebir” (meaning Great Mosque) is a mosque in Algiers, Algeria, located very close to Algiers Harbor. An inscription on the minbar (منبر) or the pulpit testifies to fact that the mosque was built in 1097. It is also known by several other names such as Grand Mosque d'Alger, Djamaa al-Kebir, El Kebir Mosque and Jami Masjid. It is one of the few remaining examples of Almoravid architecture.

While the main mosque was built in 1097 AD (Hegira 490), according to the minbar, the minaret on the north-western corner was a later addition (according to an inscription at its base), in 1332, by sultan Ali ibn Yusuf. The gallery surrounding the main mosque was added in 1840. The prayer hall is subdivided into eleven balatat (naves) supported by whitewashed masonry pillars. Each nave is crowned by a double sloping roof known as Moorish arches.

The highest roof tier is supported by four main pillars, called soko guru. In several of the oldest mosques, one of these pillars is made of wooden splinters held together by metal bands (the significant of which is unknown). Inside the mosque there is a mihrab in the qibla wall and a wooden minbar. The mihrab niche is made of brick and are highly decorated with deep wood-carving derived from the pre- Islamic art of the area.

The imam conducts the prayers from the mihrab in the larger central tower. A narrow opening in the ceiling of the central mihrab connects with a small room situated above roof level in the tower. In earlier times, a crier would repeat the words of the imam to people in the town. To the right of the mihrab in the central tower is a second niche, the pulpit or minbar, from which the imam preaches his Friday sermon.

This involved not only embellishing some of the arches with new forms but also adding a series of highly elaborate cupola ceilings composed in muqarnas (honeycomb or stalactite-like) sculpting and further decorated with intricate reliefs of arabesques and Kufic letters. Lastly, a new minbar (pulpit), in similar style and of similar artistic provenance as the famous (and slightly earlier) minbar of the Koutoubia Mosque, was completed and installed in 1144. Made of wood in an elaborate work of marquetry, decorated with inlaid materials and intricately carved arabesque reliefs, it marked another highly accomplished work in a style that was emulated for later Moroccan minbars Elsewhere, many of the mosque's main entrances were given doors made of wood overlaid with ornate bronze fittings, which today count among the oldest surviving bronze artworks in Moroccan/Andalusian architecture. Another interesting element added to the mosque was a small secondary oratory, known as the Jama' al-Gnaiz ("Funeral Mosque" or "Mosque of the Dead"), which was separated from the main prayer hall and dedicated to providing funerary rites for the deceased before their burial.

Dated from the ninth century (about 862) and erected under the reign of the sixth Aghlabid ruler Abul Ibrahim (856–863), it is made in teak wood imported from India.Minbar of the Great Mosque of Kairouan (Qantara) Among all the pulpits of the Muslim world, it is certainly the oldest example of minbar still preserved today.Mohammad Adnan Bakhit, History of humanity, Routledge, 2000, page 345 Probably made by cabinetmakers of Kairouan (some researchers also refer to Baghdad), it consists of an assembly of more than 300 finely carved wood pieces with an exceptional ornamental wealth (vegetal and geometric patterns refer to the Umayyad and Abbasid models), among which about 90 rectangular panels carved with plenty of pine cones, grape leaves, thin and flexible stems, lanceolate fruits and various geometric shapes (squares, diamonds, stars, etc.). The upper edge of the minbar ramp is adorned with a rich and graceful vegetal decoration composed of alternately arranged foliated scrolls, each one containing a spread vine-leaf and a cluster of grapes.

On the main wall on qibla there is a mihrab and minbar in the center. On the main wall, there is a large metalwork in Arabic calligraphy, spelling the name of Allah on the right side and Muhammad on the left side, and also calligraphy of Surah Thaha 14th verse in the center. The metalworks, stainless steel covers and ornaments were imported from Germany. Originally, as in the National Monument nearby, the white marbles were planned to be imported from Italy.

In the 19th century, control the mosque passed into the hands of the Naga family, whose members were ulama and sharifs of the Shafi'ite rite; they oversaw the sharifs of Monufia. In 1274 AH (1857-58 CE), Shaykh Ridwan Naga al-Kabir renovated the minaret and financed the current minbar of the mosque. His successor, Shaykh Abd al-Hadi Naga, was imam of the Bagam mosque under the khedives Abbas and Isma'il. He established an Islamic school at the mosque precinct.

Sinclair is transferred to be ambassador to Minbar, and Sheridan is assigned command of the station. He and Delenn believe Santiago's death is part of a conspiracy as now-president Clark takes steps to isolate Earth and install a totalitarian government. The aging Centauri Emperor dies, and against his wishes, Mollari and his ally Lord Refa replace him with his unstable nephew Cartagia. Aided by Morden's allies, the Shadows, the Centauri initiate a full- scale attack on the Narn homeworld, re-conquering it.

The precise calculation of the direction from New York to Mecca was based on the great circle that produces the shortest distance between the two cities. As with many mosques, the direction of Mecca is marked inside by a niche on the wall, known as the mihrab. Placed in the center of the large room, the mihrab is ornamented with a large design. Additionally, next to the mihrab is the minbar, which is a staircase from which the imam leads prayer.

The mosque in Medina built by al-Walid I had the first mihrab, a niche on the qibla wall, which seems to have represented the place where the Prophet stood when leading prayer. This almost immediately became a standard feature of all mosques. The minbar also began appearing in mosques in cities or administrative centers, a throne-like structure with regal rather than religious connotations. The Great Mosque of Damascus was built by the caliph al-Walid I around 706–715.

A second plotline involves a mysterious man who has been following Chief Garibaldi around. When Garibaldi confronts and arrests him, the man gives him a recorded message from Jeffrey Sinclair, the Earth Alliance Ambassador to Minbar. Sinclair tells Garibaldi that a "terrible darkness" is coming and that he has become involved with a military force called the "Rangers" to fight it. Garibaldi agrees to allow the Rangers to operate on the station and to keep their presence a secret, even from Sheridan.

Mihrab in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Medina, Saudi Arabia A miḥrāb, also spelled as mehrab is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qiblah (the direction of the Kaaba) in Mecca, and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying. The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the "qibla wall." Mihrabs should not be confused with the minbar, which is the raised platform from which an Imam (leader of prayer) addresses the congregation.

The pulpit (minbar), from which the Friday (jumu'ah) sermon (khutba) is delivered, was in earlier times characteristic of the central city mosque, but has since become common in smaller mosques. Mosques typically have segregated spaces for men and women. This basic pattern of organization has assumed different forms depending on the region, period and denomination. Mosques commonly serve as locations for prayer, Ramadan vigils, funeral services, Sufi ceremonies, marriage and business agreements, alms collection and distribution, as well as homeless shelters.

The original minbar () used by Muhammad was a block of date palm wood. This was replaced by him with a tamarisk one, which had dimensions of . In 629 CE, a three staired ladder was added to it. The first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, did not use the third step as a sign of respect to the Prophet, but the third caliph Uthman placed a fabric dome over it and the rest of the stairs were covered with ebony.

The Kutubiyya Mosque's original minbar (pulpit) was commissioned by Ali ibn Yusuf, one of the last Almoravid rulers, and created by a workshop in Cordoba, Spain (al-Andalus). Its production started in 1137 and is estimated to have taken seven years. It is regarded as “one of the unsurpassed creations of Islamic art”. Its artistic style and quality was hugely influential and set a standard which was repeatedly imitated, but never surpassed, in subsequent minbars across Morocco and parts of Algeria.

Above the main entrance, framed by a gilded brass bezel, is a fragment of the Kaaba in Mecca; other fragments of this black stone are above the minbar and mihrab. As well as the tilework, parts of the mosque were originally painted. Most of the paintwork has been renovated but some of the original paintwork survives above the vestibule of the north entrance, on the brackets supporting the balcony above the entrance, and under the ceilings of the side galleries.

The sanctuary (prayer hall) of the mosque. The mihrab, covered in black and white marble compositions, and the wooden minbar (right). The sanctuary of the mosque was one of the most richly decorated of its time; wall decoration was limited to the prayer hall, which was decorated with polychromatic marble high enough to include window and mihrab recesses. The marble columns are pre- Islamic and have diverse sizes and shapes, since they were drawn from structures across Cairo and the surrounding territories.

Many examples of Qur'āns with exquisite calligraphy dating from various periods are on display. A 15th-century minbar from a Cairo mosque with ivory forming complex geometrical patterns inlaid in wood is one of the larger objects on display. Extensive examples of ceramics especially Iznik pottery, glasswork including 14th-century lamps from mosques and metalwork are on display. The collection of Middle Eastern and Persian rugs and carpets is amongst the finest in the world, many were part of the Salting Bequest of 1909.

The dome is adorned with oil paintings—now damaged and covered with a plain fiberboard paneling—and has a lace balustrade part of which functions as a balcony. The lower section of the minaret is made of dry masonry and is what remains of an older minaret demolished in the 1920; its extant replacement was constructed in the 1990s. The pulpit, minbar, and balustrade of the choir bear incised ornate wooden carvings painted in different colors. The building is lit by several windows cut in each wall.

The burial place of Fatimah is a disputed issue among different sects of Muslims. Fatimah was a daughter of the Islamic prophet () Muhammad and Khadijah (therefore, a member of Muhammad's Bayt (, 'Household')), wife of ‘Ali ibn Abi Taleb, and mother of Al-Hasan and Al-Husain. Ali buried his wife in an unknown location, according to Fatimah's decision Different locations have been mentioned as the possible burial place of Fatimah. Some of them are said Al-Baqi', her house and between Muhammad's tomb and his minbar.

The Rüstem Pasha Mosque is famous for its large quantities of İznik tiles, set in a very wide variety of floral and geometric designs, which cover not only the façade of the porch but also the mihrab, minbar and walls. There are around 80 different patterns. These tiles exhibit the early use of Armenian bole, a tomato-red pigment that would become characteristic of İznik pottery. The bright emerald green colour is only used in a panel added above an exterior doorway at a later date.

These included the nearby Bou Inania Madrasa (built in 1336) and two other madrasas, Madrasa al-Qadi and Madrasa Shuhud, all built by Sultan Abu el-Hassan. Abu el-Hassan also added a library to the mosque and arranged for a number of Islamic scholars to teach at the mosque. Lastly, further restorations and modifications took place under the Alaouite sultans. Moulay Ismail (ruled 1672-1727) remodeled the mihrab area and gifted the mosque with its current minbar, its anaza, and some of the fountains in its courtyard.

It has four minarets (or manārah مناره) in four corners of the structure, a hall way, the Mihrab (محراب) in the main prayer room (musallah). The Mihrab also has a Minbar (منبر) for regional khatibs (خطيب) to deliver sermons (khutbah; خطبة) The exterior has a corridor by the pond for ritual purification (Wudu; الوضوء). The stairs lead to the top of the mosque. The structure also houses a living quarter for the Islamic scholars, and carved in library in the main hall for scriptures used during Madrasah (مدرسة) lessons.

The interior of the mosque is decorated with blue, green and white İznik tiles, which are considered somewhat inferior in quality to tiles in earlier imperial mosques. The mihrab is decorated with gilded stalactites and the minbar had a conical canopy with slender marble columns. A library was built by Ahmed III in 1724-25 to the right of the porch in front of the tomb. The structure, which has stone-brick alternate meshed walls, is square-shaped and covered with a flattened dome with an octagonal rim, which is provided with pendants.

The prayer hall connects to a cluster containing residential areas, offices, ablution facilities, shops and a library. The recent new construction of the Quba Mosque that happened in 1984 include many new additions, such as 7 main entrances, 4 parallel minarets, and the 56 mini domes that surround the perimeter of the mosque from an overhead point of view. The courtyard of this mosque is composed of black, red, and white marble. And majority of the structure and interior structures such as the minbar and mihrab are all composed of white marble.

Its adjacency to the palace may have been one reason why it did not feature a minaret; in order to prevent anyone climbing the minaret from looking down into the caliph's palaces. The Mamluk amir Yalbugha al-Salimi restored the mosque in 1393 or 1397 and added a minaret (which collapsed in 1412 and was later restored) as well as shop stalls to the right of the entrance. Al-Salimi also restored or replaced the minbar, the mihrab, and the ablutions area. In 1993, the mosque was extensively and heavily renovated by the Dawoodi Bohras.

When Commander Jeffrey Sinclair was reassigned as ambassador to Minbar in January 2259, Sheridan was chosen to command Babylon 5. Sheridan was initially not well received by the Minbari, and was still called "Starkiller" by many in the warrior caste (referring to the engagement in which the Black Star was destroyed). Soon after his arrival, in "Points of Departure," the Minbari ship Trigati, which had disappeared during the Battle of the Line, reappeared and tried to provoke him into firing upon them. However, Sheridan remained cool and defused the situation.

With her sacrifice, the leadership of Minbar would continue to be held by the religious caste - not the warriors. Her old rival Neroon saves her life, however, and in his death cries he joins the religious caste, which restores the balance of power. Delenn then gives control of the Grey Council to the worker caste, who had for many years stayed in the middle, as the religious and warrior castes simmered with disagreement. After John Sheridan refuses to stand for re- election as President of the Interstellar Alliance, Delenn is chosen to succeed him.

The White Mosque's plan conforms to the > archetype, but its roof is a freely deformed quarter of a cupola, pierced by > five skylights, themselves composed of segments of quarter cupolas. The > effect is one of confrontation between the elementary plan and the > sophisticated hierarchy of roof cones. The principal symbolic elements, > mihrab, minbar, minaret and fountains, have a fresh folk art character > subtly enhanced by the avant-garde geometries of their setting. Zlatko Ugljen has also been commended for "masterfully assimilat[ing] modern influences, especially Le Corbusier's Ronchamp Cathedral, and traditional Ottoman forms and elements".

The importance of the Mosque of Omar Ibn al - Khattab is in its design because it represents a continuation of the pattern of the first mosques design in Islam. It reminds of the design of the Prophet mosque in Medina in its early stages. The shape of Omar’s mosque is almost rectangular and built of carved stone, and extends from west to east 32.5 meter of length and 18 meters wide. The mosque consists of the corridor of the qiblah, the mihrab, the minbar, the courtyard of the mosque and the prayarea.

The mihrab itself consists of an alcove covered by a muqarnas cupola behind a horseshoe arch, while the wall around the mihrab is covered in typical stucco-carved decoration with arabesque, calligraphic, and geometric motifs. Three stucco-grilled windows are set in the wall above the mihrab, as is also common in other mosques. There is a door on either side of the mihrab; the right one leads to the storage room for the minbar, while the left one leads to the imam's chamber and the jama' al-gnaiz, an oratory dedicated to funerary rites.

Cracks have appeared in the walls and the marble panel decoration was made particularly vulnerable. Between 2007 and 2010, the wooden insets that make up the ornament of the minbar were looted. A major restoration and rehabilitation project, begun in 2018 and scheduled to last until 2020, has been undertaken by the Egyptian Government in collaboration with the Aga Khan Cultural Services-Egypt (part of the Aga Khan Development Network). It will focus on restoring the prayer hall and aims to also integrate the mosque into a tourist route along the Darb al-Ahmar district.

Just after the conversion to mosque, to the building were added a mihrab, a minbar and a minaret. After the fire of 1919, the building fell into ruin (the roof collapsed and the minaret crashed already in the 1820s), but luckily it was thoroughly studied and surveyed by the German Archaeologist Paul Schatzmann in 1934/1935.Westphalen (1998), p. 5. According to the Greek scholar Alexandros G. Paspates, in the East part of the basement of the Mosque sprung a water source (, , ) dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, abandoned for a long time.

Sheridan considers it, but after meeting the young man, decides instead to take him under his wing and bring him to Minbar, raising him as a son. This way, Sheridan hopes to turn him away from the destructive path Galen warned about by showing him a peaceful and trusting way of life. Furthermore, Sheridan confronts Galen, who is seemingly upset at the thwarting of his plan, and all but makes him admit that the Technomage's actual plan was to manipulate Sheridan into making the moral decision he made.

In 2001, she wrote and directed the short film Still Life about an elderly couple dealing with euthanasia. Still Life won Best Short Film at the Montreal Film Festival and a Special Recognition Awards at the Locarno Film Festival. She also directed Hip Hop NZ, a television documentary featuring the country's hip hop icons including Che Fu, DLT (musician) from Upper Hutt Posse and Tha Feelstyle. In 2008, she directed the short film Coffee and Allah which won a number of awards including Best Short Film at Cinema of Muslim Golden Minbar, RUSSIA.

The mihrab and minbar in main hall The main floor and the four levels of balconies make five floors in all; the number "5" represents the Five Pillars of Islam and also Pancasila, Staircases at the corners of the building give access to all floors. The main hall is reached through an entrance covered by a dome 8 meters in diameter; the number 8 symbolizes August, the month of Indonesian Independence. The interior design is minimalist, simple and clean-cut, with a minimum of stainless steel geometric ornaments. The 12 columns are covered with stainless steel.

The Great Mosque of Kairouan and the Great Mosque of Cordoba, in particular, were models of mosque architecture. Accordingly, most mosques in Morocco have roughly rectangular floor plans and follow the hypostyle format: they consist of a large prayer hall upheld and divided by rows of horseshoe arches running either parallel or perpendicular to the qibla wall (the wall towards which prayers faced). The qibla (direction of prayer) was always symbolized by a decorative niche or alcove in the qibla wall, known as a mihrab. Next to the mihrab there was usually a symbolic pulpit known as a minbar.

Originally entitled The White Christ, it was serialised in the British and US editions of The Strand Magazine between December 1908 and November 1909, and subsequently translated into seven languages. The Arabic translation was serialised in Cairo-based newspaper al-Minbar. Douglas Sladen read the first two instalments of The White Prophet and had the idea of writing a counterblast, the novel The Tragedy of the Pyramids: A Romance of Army Life in Egypt. Closing the preface he writes "I felt bound to challenge the false light in which he presents the British Army of Occupation in Egypt to the public".

Gradually the ambo came to resemble the modern pulpit in both form and function, though early examples in large churches are often large enough to accommodate several people.Mountford, 34–36; Ryan, 50–51; The steps up to the pulpit almost invariably approach it from the side or behind, and are often curved. The typical design of the Islamic minbar, where a straight flight of steps leads to the front of the pulpit, is very different. The Ambon of Henry II, an Imperial gift of 1014 to Aachen Cathedral, was originally installed centrally, but later moved to the side.

The Mosque of the Ağas (Ağalar Camii) is the largest mosque in the palace. It is also one of the oldest constructions, dating from the 15th century during the reign of Mehmed II. The Sultan, the ağas and pages would come here to pray. The mosque is aligned in a diagonal line in the courtyard to make the minbar face Mecca. In 1928 the books of the Enderûn Library, among other works, were moved here as the Palace Library (Sarayı Kütüphanesi), housing a collection of about 13,500 Turkish, Arabic, Persian and Greek books and manuscripts, collected by the Ottomans.

Amsterdam Synagogue: the bema (or tebáh) is in the foreground, and the Hekhál (Ark) in the background. The bimah (Hebrew plural: bimot) in synagogues is also known as the almemar or almemor among some Ashkenazimalmemar [ælˈmiːmɑː], Collins English Dictionary (from the Arabic, al-minbar, meaning 'platform'). The post- Biblical Hebrew bima (), 'platform' or 'pulpit', is almost certainly derived from the Ancient Greek word for a raised platform, bema (). (A proposed link to the Biblical Hebrew bama (), 'high place' is far less likely.) Among the Sephardim, it is known as a tevah (literally 'box, case' in Hebrew) or migdal- etz ('tower of wood').

During the Umayyad period the minbar was used by the caliphs or their representative governors to make important public announcements and to deliver the Friday sermon (khutba). In the last years of the Umayyad Caliphate, before its fall in 750, the Umayyads ordered minbars to be constructed for all the Friday mosques of Egypt, and soon afterwards this practice was extended to other Muslim territories. By the early Abbasid period (after 750) it had become standard in Friday mosques across all Muslim communities. Minbars thus quickly developed into a symbol of political and religious legitimacy for Muslim authorities.

The coating around them is decorated with blue plant motifs dating from the eighteenth century or the first half of the nineteenth century. The horseshoe arch of the mihrab, stilted and broken at the top, rest on two columns of red marble with yellow veins, which surmounted with Byzantine style capitals that carry two crossbeams carved with floral patterns, each one is decorated with a Kufic inscription in relief. View of the minbar; this pulpit, the oldest in existence, is still in its place of origin (in the prayer hall). It is protected by a glass panel.

The Istiqlal mosque of Sarajevo demonstrate postmodern interpretation of Islamic architecture as viewed from Indonesian perspective. The mosque built with simple geometric elements and patterns on metal-works made from stainless steel or aluminum and glass blocks applied on facade, windows and arches. The exterior were covered with white tiles, while the interior, especially in mihrab, minbar and window frames were adorned with Indonesian wooden carving of floral ornaments. Built on 2,800 square meters land on Otoka on western side of the city, the mosque is one among the largest mosque in Sarajevo and easily recognizable as the landmark in the neighborhood.

He granted them a favor by telling them the tale of the Earth-Minbari War. He also commented upon the terrible events that had befallen Centauri Prime, saying that while he had cared for each of his wives in his own way, he loved Centauri Prime the most, and that everything he had done had been “for her”. Following Mollari's death, Vir Cotto finds Mollari and G'Kar's lifeless bodies on the floor of the throne room. He manages to escape from the Centauri homeworld (avoiding the inevitable Drakh attempt to place a Keeper on him), and goes to Minbar.

The conch (semi-dome) of the mihrab niche is covered with more conventional geometric star patterns, with the name Allah appearing at the middle of some of the stars. Just below the conch is a Qur'anic inscription (part of verse 2:144, in the Surah al-Baqarah) in Kufic script. The voussoirs around the arch of the mihrab are in turn inlaid with arabesque patterns similar to those of the mihrab of the Mosque of al-Mu'ayyad. The surfaces of the wooden minbar (pulpit) of the mosque are decorated with geometric sixteen-pointed star patterns emanating from round bosses.

A prominent inscription in kufic Arabic features the basmala and a passage from the Qur'anic surah An-Nur. Below the level of the stucco decoration, twelve engaged columns of jasper and marble with Umayyad-style capitals are incorporated into the mihrab area. On either side of the mihrab are two doors giving access to small chambers, one of which was used to store the wooden minbar (a ceremonial pulpit). Above and right in front of the mihrab is a large square cupola filled with a dome of finely- carved and painted muqarnas (stalactite or honeycomb-like geometric sculpture).

Originally an open-air building, the mosque served as a community center, a court of law, and a religious school. There was a raised platform or pulpit (minbar) for the people who taught the Quran and for Muhammad to give the Friday sermon (khutbah). Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated the mosque, naming its walls, doors and minarets after themselves and their forefathers. After an expansion during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I, it now incorporates the final resting place of Muhammad and the first two Rashidun caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar.

These weapons were never used against the humans, by order of the Grey Council. The Wind Swords concealed Jha'dur's existence from the other species until 2258, when she left Minbar and traveled to Babylon 5 with one of the fruits of her research: an experimental drug that retarded the aging process in humanoids, conferring immortality on whoever used it. A key ingredient in the drug could not be synthesized; it had to be extracted from living beings. The resulting genocidal wars would be her vengeance on Earth and the League for the extinction of her people.

In the first two seasons, Vir proves himself to be an able assistant to Ambassador Mollari and also develops a friendship with Ambassador Lennier. Vir appears less frequently during the third season, since Stephen Furst had taken a role in a sitcom and couldn't appear in many episodes. This was explained in-universe as a reassignment as liaison to Minbar. Mollari arranges to have this happen in order to help Vir further develop in his career, but privately admits to Delenn that he does not want Vir around with the events - namely the Shadow War - that are soon to come.

Marcus Cole was played by Jason Carter in the third and fourth seasons of the show. During his time on the series he was a leading member of the Rangers, a military force consisting of Humans and Minbari who served the "One", a triumvirate consisting of Jeffrey Sinclair / Valen, Delenn, and John Sheridan. The character's backstory is given as being born on the Arisia Mining Colony, where his family operated a relatively dangerous mining operation. His brother William had left the colony and become a Ranger on Minbar; he was killed by the Shadows while visiting Marcus on Arisia.

Two Gothic arches support the vault, consisting of simply crossed ribs. In the apse six ribs, resting on a clustered column, spring forth from the keystone. North of the apse is a sacristy the vaulting of which is supported by corbels with finely carved human heads. Above the sacristy is a lofty chamber, whose lower window looks onto the main church Both the mihrab (direction of Mecca) and minbar (pulpit) are on the right in this mosque It now functions as an art galleryLonely Planet Cyprus, By Lonely Planet, Josephine Quintero, 2012 and was previously a marriage registration office.

Wood generally came from Moroccan cedar trees, still highly valued today, which once grew abundantly on mountain slopes across the country but are now partly endangered and limited to forests of the Middle Atlas. Other types of wood were still occasionally used, however. The sculpted wood canopy of the Shrob ou Shouf Fountain in Marrakesh was made of palm wood, for example. The famous Minbar of the Kutubiyya Mosque, which was fabricated in Cordoba (Spain) before being shipped to Marrakesh, was made primarily of cedar wood but its marquetry decoration was enhanced with more exotic woods of different colors such as jujube and African blackwood.

The müezzin mahfili in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey The müezzin mahfili (Turkish), or in Arabic known as مكبرية (Mukabariyah) is a special raised platform in a mosque, opposite to the minbar, where the muezzin carries out his duties to call for prayer and chants in response to the imam's prayers. Not all mosques have this as it is not a mandatory requirement for a mosque. In mosques without a müezzin mahfili, the muezzin calls for prayer and does his duties behind to place of the imam beside with other worshippers. Mosques which have a muezzin mehfili include the grand mosque in Mecca (Masjid al Haram) and Masjid Nabawi.

Islamic architectural features were added, such as a minbar (pulpit), four minarets, and a mihrab – a niche indicating the direction of prayer (qibla). From its initial conversion until the construction in 1616 of the nearby Sultan Ahmed Mosque, aka the Blue Mosque, it was the principal mosque of Istanbul. The Byzantine architecture of the Hagia Sophia served as inspiration for many other religious buildings from the Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki and Panagia Ekatontapiliani to the Blue Mosque, the Şehzade Mosque, the Süleymaniye Mosque, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque and the Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex. The complex remained a mosque until 1931, when it was closed to the public for four years.

The oldest Islamic pulpit in the world to be preserved up to the present day is the minbar of the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Kairouan, Tunisia.Muḥammad ʻAdnān Bakhīt, History of humanity, UNESCO, 2000, page 345 It dates from around 860 or 862 CE, under the tenure of the Aghlabid governor Abu Ibrahim Ahmad, and was imported in whole or in part from Baghdad. It is an eleven-step staircase made of over 300 sculpted pieces of teak wood (a material imported from India). Thanks to its age and the richness of its decoration, it is considered an important piece of historic Islamic art.

The mihrab (left) and minbar (right) of the mosque The mosque's interior also has an irregular layout mostly due to Ibrahim Agha's renovations which replaced most of the original cross-vaulting of the arcades with columns supporting a flat wooden ceiling. The only part of the mosque that continues to employ Aqsunqur's interior design is the qibla wall which uses cross-vaults that rest on octagonal-shaped piers. The technique of cross-vaults is a reflection of Islamic Syrian architectural influence. Along with the Mosque of Amir al-Maridani, the Aqsunqur Mosque has a hypostyle plan which is rare in Cairo and typically associated with Syrian style mosques.

V, 1969, pp. 1–38 Above the marble cladding, the mihrab niche is crowned with a half dome-shaped vault made of manchineel bentwood. Covered with a thick coating completely painted, the concavity of the arch is decorated with intertwined scrolls enveloping stylised five-lobed vine leaves, three-lobed florets and sharp clusters, all in yellow on midnight blue background. Mihrab de la Grande Mosquée de Kairouan The minbar, situated on the right of the mihrab, is used by the imam during the Friday or Eids sermons, is a staircase-shaped pulpit with an upper seat, reached by eleven steps, and measuring 3.93 metres' length to 3.31 metres in height.

In 1827, it was enlarged by the addition of a minaret, minbar, mihrab, a new ceiling and a narthex (son cemaat yeri) and thus converted into a full mosque. The construction was financed by Ali Ruhi Efendi, the governor of Cyprus at the time, and the mosque was inscribed amongst the property of the newly founded Ali Ruhi Efendi Foundation on 24 December 1827 for maintenance. The responsibility for the maintenance changed hands over the course of the 19th century, as it was recorded amongst the property of Seyit Mehmet Ağa Foundation in 1906. Ali Ruhi Efendi also had a primary school (sıbyan mektebi) constructed next to the mosque.

Occupation spans the Abbasid into Fatimid periods. Recent work on the tell has identified widespread rebuilding following the 749 earthquake, as indicated by wall foundations, plastered floors and refuse pits filled with finely worked bone and moulded glassware. Evidence for a presence in the Crusader period (12th century CE) is slight – a few pottery sherds only – but in the following Ayyubid and Mamluk periods the flat summit of the tell was inhabited by a large village, featuring a stone- built mosque with a minbar (pulpit), residential compounds defined by lane ways, and a large cemetery.S. McPhillips and A.G. Walmsley (2007), Fahl during the Early Mamluk Period: archaeological perspectives.

The work and words of Hassan Ibn Thabit are still regarded as the most beautiful in praise of Muhammad. Muhammad was so happy with Hassan Ibn Thabit that he ordered to establish and construct for him a minbar-pulpit for him to stand upon when he delivered his poetry. Muhammad prayed for him saying that the Angel Gabriel will support you as long as you preach the message of Allah and defend His Prophet. Muhammad is also known to have gifted him with a Christian slave girl Sīrīn (embraced Islam and married to Hassan ibn Thabit) whom he got as a gift from Al-Muqawqis.

Qaitbay's minbar, built in the late 15th century is still in use at the Masjid an-Nabawi There are two mihrabs or niches indicating the qibla () in the mosque, one was built by Muhammad and another was built by the third Rashidun caliph Uthman. The one built by the latter was larger than that of Muhammad's and acts as the functional mihrab, whereas Muhammad's mihrab is a "commemorative" mihrab. Besides the mihrab, the mosque also has other niches which act as indicators for praying. This includes the Miḥrâb Fâṭimah () or Miḥrāb aṫ-Ṫahajjud (), which was built by Muhammad for the Ṫahajjud (late- night) prayer ().

The surfaces are decorated through a mix of marquetry and inlaid sculpted pieces. The large triangular faces of the minbar on either side are covered in an elaborate and creative motif centered around eight-pointed stars, from which decorative bands with ivory inlay then interweave and repeat the same pattern across the rest of the surface. The spaces between these bands form other geometric shapes which are filled with panels of deeply-carved arabesques, made from different coloured woods (boxwood, jujube, and blackwood). There is a wide band of Quranic inscriptions in Kufic script on blackwood and bone running along the top edge of the balustrades.

Caliph al-Mu'tadid () objected to this state of affairs, and in 893 expanded the Great Mosque by tearing down part of the Palace of the Golden Gate. The wall originally separating the two was left standing, but was now pierced by 17 arched gateways: 13 into the courtyard of the mosque, and four on the side aisles. The commander Badr al- Mu'tadidi was made responsible for the new portions of the mosque, which were named Badriyah after him. The remains of the original structure of Harun al- Rashid's time were cleaned and restored, while special care was given to the restoration and decoration of the mihrab, the minbar, and the maqsurah.

The nearby minbar (mosque pulpit) dates from this time too. In the northern section of the mosque is a large courtyard (sahn) with a central fountain to assist in ablutions. The courtyard is paved with zellij tiles and is surrounded on three sides by the prayer hall and its arches, while on its northern side is one of the main entrances to the mosque. From the courtyard the prayer hall can be entered through any of the surrounding arches, but the middle arch on the southern side of the courtyard, opposite the mosque entrance and corresponding to the archway of the central nave leading towards the mihrab, is surrounded by rich carved and painted stucco decoration.

Even in Welsh Nonconformism, this was felt appropriate, and in some chapels a second pulpit was built opposite the main one for lay exhortations, testimonials and other speeches.Francis, 19 Many churches have a second, smaller stand called the lectern, which can be used by lay persons, and is often used for all the readings and ordinary announcements. The traditional Catholic location of the pulpit to the side of the chancel or nave has been generally retained by Anglicans and some Protestant denominations, while in Presbyterian and Evangelical churches the pulpit has often replaced the altar at the centre. Equivalent platforms for speakers are the bema (bima, bimah) of ancient Greece and Jewish synagogues, and the minbar of Islamic mosques.

During the periodic renovations undertaken, the various ruling dynasties of the Islamic Caliphate constructed additions to the mosque and its precincts, such as its dome, facade, its minbar, minarets and the interior structure. When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and the Dome of the Rock as a church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187. More renovations, repairs and additions were undertaken in the later centuries by the Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, the Supreme Muslim Council, and Jordan. Today, the Old City is under Israeli control, but the mosque remains under the administration of the Jordanian/Palestinian-led Islamic Waqf.

Ibn Qudamah supported using the relics of Muhammad for the deriving of holy blessings,Gibril F. Haddad, The Four Imams and Their Schools (London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 322 as is evident from his approved citing, in al- Mug̲h̲nī 5:468, of the case of Abdullah ibn Umar (d. 693), whom he records as having placed "his hand on the seat of the Prophet's minbar ... [and] then [having proceeded to] wipe his face with it." This view was not novel or even unusual in any sense, as Ibn Qudamah would have found established support for the use of relics in the Quran, hadith, and in Ibn Hanbal's well-documented love for the veneration of Muhammad's relics.

The premise, characters, and plot have not been officially confirmed, but it has been reported that Straczynski originally planned to write a story that takes place before the Season Three two-parter "War Without End," featuring Sinclair and Sheridan, and involving Mars, Minbar, Babylon 5, and a conspiracy. It has also been reported that he subsequently decided to tie in elements from the spin-offs Crusade and Legend of the Rangers into the book. The graphic novel was to be 100 pages long. When asked by a fan during the "Spotlight on J. Michael Straczynski" panel at the 2010 New York Comic Con, Straczynski said no new Babylon 5 comics were in the works.

The Krishnamurti Centre in England His other architectural works include, the Lindisfarne Chapel in Crestone, Colorado, in the United States with a special design for the vaulting of the dome,Creston Mountain Zen Center – location and history of the dome Lindisfarne Chapel and a hospital, the Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences in Puttaparthi, India. Isaac Tigrett, who had founded the Hard Rock Cafe enterprise, secured Critchlow's expertise to design the hospital in Puttuparthi.Lerwill, John, "Who is Sai" His use of sacred geometry played a major role in these architectural designs and projects. Critchlow made an important contribution to the re-construction of the Minbar of Saladin in the al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem.

It also replaced the original minaret with a new, larger minaret still standing today. Its overall form, with a square shaft, was indicative of the subsequent development of North African (Maghrebi) and Andalusian minarets. (Similar work was also carried out under Abd al-Rahman III at the same time on the other great mosque of Fes, the Andalusian Mosque.) The mosque was again embellished when the Amirid ruler al-Muzaffar (son of al- Mansur) led a military expedition to Fes in 998. The embellishments included a new minbar and a new dome topped by talismans in the shape of a rat, a serpent, and a scorpion, but none of these works have survived.

However, rather than demoralize him, the loss of his sight encouraged him to learn more and persevere further. He graduated as a scholar from the faculty of Usoul al Din in Azhar and was appointed as an Imam, giving khutbas throughout Egypt. Around 1964 he took up the minbar of 'Ain al-Hayat mosque in Cairo as his platform. A vocal critic of the Egyptian government, he was imprisoned in 1965 for two and half years. "The peak of his fame" is said to have been "between 1967 and early 1980s," when crowds of 10,000 would regularly attend his often "hilarious" Friday sermons at a mosque in the Kobry Al Koba district in Cairo.

It was crafted by carpenter Dervish Yar-Muhammad upon an order from the Safavid king Shah Abbas II, and bears a poetic epigraph the last diptych of which gives, in Abjad figures, the construction date of the minbar [1069 AH = 1658/9 AD]. On the western entrance door, two other diptychs are carved, which beside the construction date of the mosque [1092 AH], gives the name of its builder. Jameh mosque has been used as a religious, trading and social affair centre. The complex includes the Jameh Mosque used for Friday Prayer and public gatherings, Gharib Khaneh (an asylum for the poor and invalids), a Hammam (public bathhouse), a field and an Ab-Anbar (underground water storehouse).

The first tier of the minaret is octagonal in shape with carvings of triangular arches, the second tier circular with vegetal motifs classic to Islamic architecture, finally a bulb like structure rests on the top with muqarna or stalactites like ornament around it. The interior decoration also contains elements of Mamluk state of Circassia gathered in details. This is a small, albeit protected beautifully stained marbles which cover the walls and the roofs above the windows decorated with colored glass to create the sense of consistency. Its wooden ceiling is also considered one of the outstanding crafts of all the Egyptian historic mosques, and the skillful carpentry craftsmanship is also displayed in the work of minbar or handrails.

The Labor Forward movement was an organizing program of the American Federation of Labor from roughly 1910 to 1920. The program, which took place in approximately 150 cities across the United States, was designed to convince workers of the labor movement's commitment to Christian ideals and labor–management cooperation. Although initial reports were that the program had generated large crowds and warm responses from employers, large numbers of new trade union members never appeared and the program was shut down. In some respects, the program is similar to the "Labor in the Pulpits/on the Bimah/in the Minbar" program co-sponsored by the AFL–CIO and Interfaith Worker Justice in the 2000s.

The focal point of al-Qata'i was the large ceremonial mosque, named for Ibn Tulun, which is still the largest mosque in terms of area in Cairo. Among other architectural features, the mosque is noted for its use of pointed arches two centuries before they appeared in European architecture. The historian al-Maqrizi reported that a new mosque had to be built because the existing ceremonial mosque in Fustat, named for Amr ibn al-A'as, could not accommodate Ibn Tulun's personal regiment at the Friday prayer. Ibn Tulun's palace, the Dar al-Imara ("House of the Emir") was built adjacent to the mosque and a private door allowed the governor direct access to the pulpit, or minbar.

Aleppo was continually threatened by the Crusaders and eventually Radwan was humiliated by Tancred of Antioch, forced to place crosses on the minarets of some of the mosques in the city. Ibn al-Khashshab had sought help from the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, al-Mustazhir, but each time his requests were ignored; finally, in 1111, he travelled to Baghdad to seek help from the caliph in person. He instigated a riot and destroyed the pulpit of the minbar in the private mosques of the Seljuk sultan Muhammad I Tapar and the caliph. In response, the sultan ordered Mawdud, the atabeg of Mosul, to come to Aleppo's aid, and ibn al-Khashshab returned home.

Jama Masjid in Mandu, India (15th century) geometric motifs and inlay work on the Minbar of al- Ghamri at the Khanqah of Sultan Barsbay, Cairo (15th century) Woodwork was the primary medium for the construction of minbars in much of the Middle East and North Africa up until the Ottoman period. These wooden minbars were in many cases very intricately decorated with geometric patterns and carved arabesques (vegetal and floral motifs), as well as with Arabic calligraphic inscriptions (often recording the minbar's creation or including Qur'anic verses). In some cases they also featured delicate inlay work with ivory or mother-of-pearl. Many workshops created minbars that were assembled from hundreds of pieces held together using an interlocking technique and wooden pegs, without glue or metal nails.

The plan of the mosque's dome chamber and that of its secondary aisles at the corners of the perimeter have been likened to those of Heidaryyah Qazvin and the Jameh Mosque of Golpayegan. Assuming seven periods of restoration and essential repair, it is said that the most ancient part of the ensemble is its principle dome construction, now surrounded by adjunctions of later periods. The portico and minarets of the Jameh mosque are said to have been built in 1209 AH (1794/5 CE), as an adjunction to its lofty arch built under Ma’mun and Mo’tassem. The religious and poetic inscriptions visible upon the entrance arch and on the wooden minbar and door of the mosque speak of these architectural alterations in the course of history.

Yusef, Gaston Doumergue, Abdelqader Bin Ghabrit, Muhammad al-Muqri, and others in attendance at the mosque's inauguration in 1926. It was inaugurated on 16 July 1926, in the presence of French President Gaston Doumergue and Sultan Yusef of Morocco. Doumergue celebrated the Franco-Muslim friendship sealed by the bloodshed on the Western Front in World War I and affirmed that the Republic protected all beliefs. The Sufi Sheikh Ahmad al-Alawi led the first communal prayer to inaugurate the newly built mosque. On the eve of the inauguration, Messali Hadj held the first meeting of the Etoile nord-africaine (North African Star) and criticized the “mosque publicity stunt.” In 1929, King Fuad I of Egypt donated the mosque's minbar, which is still used today.

A maqsura was also created by the first Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I in the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, where the so-called "Mihrab of the Companions (of the Prophet)" belonged to the "Maqsura of the Companions". Other maqsuras were also built in the same mosque at later points. The oldest maqsura in the Islamic world to be preserved in situ is the wooden maqsura of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, commissioned by the Zirid ruler al-Mu῾izz ibn Badis and dating from the first half of the 11th century (though later restored in the 17th century). It is located directly to the right of the mosque's minbar, and is notable for its woodwork which includes an elaborately carved Kufic inscription dedicated to al-Mu'izz.

The Islamic Museum displays large copper soup kettles used in the Haseki Sultan Imaret, a soup kitchen, built through a donation by Hürrem Sultan, the wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, dating back to the 16th century, as well as stained glass windows, wooden panels, ceramic tiles and iron doors from the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Also on display are a cannon used to announce the breaking of Ramadan, a large collection of weapons, a large wax tree trunk, the charred remains of a minbar built by Nur ad-Din Zangi in the 1170s and destroyed by an Australian tourist in 1969, and the blood-stained clothing of 17 Palestinians killed in the rioting on the Temple Mount in 1990.

It was discovered shortly thereafter that the planet housed a massive, globe-spanning mechanical system called the Great Machine, which was failing due to the terminal health of its supervisor, a lone alien named Varn. Because the Great Machine required a sentient mind to function as its central operating system, Varn's declining health was causing systematic failures that threatened the planet's integrity. Draal, reinvigorated by a sense of purpose and the opportunity to assist others in a way he no longer could on Minbar, gladly and willingly offered to take Varn's place as the custodian of the Great Machine. He then utilized the planet's defenses to destroy the violent separatists of Varn's species who had returned to take back its weapon systems.

The large triangular faces of the minbar on either side are covered in an elaborate and creative motif centered around eight-pointed stars, from which decorative bands inlaid with bone and coloured woods then interweave and repeat the same pattern across the rest of the surface. The spaces between these bands form other geometric shapes which are filled with panels of deeply carved arabesques. These panels are made from different coloured woods including boxwood (for lighter shades), jujube (originally of reddish colour), and, for the central star-shaped panels, dark acacia wood (previously assumed to be ebony but identified by recent closer studies as African blackwood). There is a wide band of Qur'anic inscriptions in Kufic Arabic script on blackwood and bone running along the top edge of the balustrades.

Neroon came to idolise Branmer but developed a distinct hatred and distrust of both humans and the Religious Caste. After Branmer's death, Neroon accompanied his body on a tour of Minbari-occupied space (in defiance of Branmer's final wishes to have a simple cremation ceremony and scattering his ashes in space over Minbar), and was ready to start the war again when the body suddenly went missing (Legacies). After the transformation of Delenn in 2259, he replaced her on the Grey Council, creating for the first time an imbalance of power between the castes. He was not impressed by the revelation of the Grey Council's secret and was angry at the years their leaders had been concealing the truth about the end of the war from the Minbari people.

The minbar at the Ibrahimi Mosque Muslims believe that Muhammed visited Hebron on his nocturnal journey from Mecca to Jerusalem to stop by the tomb and pay his respects. For this reason the tomb quickly became a popular Islamic pilgrimage site. It was said that Muhammad himself encouraged the activity, saying "He who cannot visit me, let him visit the Tomb of Abraham" and "He who visits the Tomb of Abraham, Allah abolishes his sins." According to one tradition, childless women threw petitions addressed to Sarah, known for giving birth at an advanced age, through a hole in the mosque floor to the caves below. After the conquest of the city by Umar, this holy place was "simply taken over from the Jewish tradition"Hastings, Adrian, "Holy lands and their political consequences", Nations and Nationalism, Volume 9, Issue 1, pp.

It was in 1157 that a celebrated copy of the Qur'an attributed to the hand of Caliph Uthman, previously kept in the Great Mosque of Cordoba, was transferred to the mosque. Abd al-Mu'min also transferred to his mosque the famous Almoravid minbar of the Ben Youssef Mosque, originally commissioned by Ali ibn Yusuf from a workshop in Cordoba. The mosque was likely connected to the adjacent royal palace via a passage (sabat) which allowed the Almohad caliph to enter it directly from his palace without having to pass through the public entrances (not unlike a similar passage which existed between the caliph's palace and the Great Mosque of Cordoba). This passage likely passed through the imam's chamber behind the southeastern qibla wall and therefore may have disappeared when the second mosque was built over this area.

The Rawḍah ash-Sharifah () is an area between the minbar and burial chamber of Muhammad. It is regarded as one of the Riyāḍ al-Jannah (). A green carpet distinguishes the area from the rest of the mosque, which is covered in a red carpet. Considering visiting Madinah and performing the Ziyarah, Muhammad said: > “Whoever visits me after my death is like he who had visited me during my > life.” “When a person stands at my grave reciting blessings on me, I hear > it; and whoever calls for blessings on me in any other place, his every need > in this world and in the hereafter is fulfilled and on the day of Qiyamah I > shall be his witness and intercessor.” Pilgrims attempt to visit the confines of the area, for there is a tradition that supplications and prayers uttered here are never rejected.

The city had been conquered by the Fatimids already in 909, but was only tenuously held, under the semi-autonomous rule of the leaders of the Berber Miknasa tribe; one of them, Hamid ibn Yasal, had been imprisoned by al-Qa'im in al-Mahdiya, but managed to escape to the Umayyad court. With their aid, he had sailed back to the Maghreb and taken over Tahert on behalf of Abd al-Rahman III. The Fatimid caliph set out from Msila on 7 September to recover the city, but when he arrived at Tahert on the 20th, he found Hamid gone: he and his followers had sailed back to Spain. In retaliation, the caliph dug out the bones of his relatives and had them and the minbar of the mosque, from which the Friday prayer had been read in the name of his Umayyad rival, burned.

Entry way (1900) Pilgrims around one of the wells (1900) Several centuries after its founding, the Great Mosque of Kairouan is the subject of numerous descriptions by Arab historians and geographers in the Middle Ages. The stories concern mainly the different phases of construction and expansion of the sanctuary, and the successive contributions of many princes to the interior decoration (mihrab, minbar, ceilings, etc.). Among the authors who have written on the subject and whose stories have survived Lucien Golvin, « Quelques réflexions sur la Grande Mosquée de Kairouan à la période des Aghlabides », pp. 69–77 are Al-Bakri (Andalusian geographer and historian who died in 1094 and who devoted a sufficiently detailed account of the history of the mosque in his book Description of Septentrional Africa), Al-Nuwayri (historian who died in Egypt, 1332) and Ibn Nagi (scholar and historian of Kairouan who died around 1435).

View of the maqsura decorated with a frieze that includes a kufic character calligraphic inscription The maqsura, located near the minbar, consists of a fence bounding a private enclosure that allows the sovereign and his senior officials to follow the solemn prayer of Friday without mingling with the faithful. Jewel of the art of woodwork produced during the reign of the Zirid prince Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis and dated from the first half of the eleventh century, it is considered the oldest still in place in the Islamic world. It is a cedar wood fence finely sculpted and carved on three sides with various geometric motifs measuring 2.8 metres tall, eight metres long and six metres wide. Its main adornment is a frieze that crowns calligraphy, the latter surmounted by a line of pointed openwork merlons, features an inscription in flowery kufic character carved on the background of interlacing plants.

According to Islamic tradition, a prayer in The Prophet's Mosque equates to 1,000 prayers in any other mosque except the Masjid al-Haram where one prayer equates to 100,000 prayers in any other mosque. The mosque was initially just an open space for prayer with a raised and covered minbar (pulpit) built within seven months and was located beside the Prophet's rawdhah (residence, although the word literally means garden) to its side along with the houses of his wives. The mosque was expanded several times throughout history, with many of its internal features developed overtime to suit contemporary standards. The modern Prophet's Mosque is famed for the Green Dome situated directly above the Prophet's rawdhah, which currently serves as the burial site for Muhammad, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Umar ibn al-Khattab and is used in road signage along with its signature minaret as an icon for Medina itself.

Modern archeological excavations have also confirmed the existence in the first Kutubiyya Mosque of a near-legendary mechanism which allowed the wooden maqsura (a screen separating the caliph and his entourage from the rest of the crowd during prayers) to rise from a trench in the ground seemingly by itself, and then retract in the same manner when the caliph left. Another semi-automated mechanism also allowed the minbar to emerge and move forward from its storage chamber (next to the mihrab) seemingly by itself. The exact functioning of the mechanism is unknown, but may have relied on a hidden system of counterweights. The new Almohad mosque was thus imbued with great political and religious symbolism, being closely associated with the ruling dynasty, and made subtle references to the ancient Ummayyad caliphate in Cordoba, whose great mosque was a model for much of subsequent Moroccan and Moorish architecture.

Historical accounts describe a mysterious semi-automated mechanism in the Kutubiyya Mosque by which the minbar would emerge, seemingly on its own, from its storage chamber next to the mihrab and move forward into position for the imam's sermon. Likewise, the maqsura of the mosque (a wooden screen that separated the caliph and his entourage from the general public during prayers) was also retractable in the same manner and would emerge from the ground when the caliph attended prayers at the mosque, and then retract once he left. This mechanism, which elicited great curiosity and wonder from contemporary observers, was designed by an engineer from Malaga named Hajj al- Ya'ish, who also completed other projects for the caliph. Modern archaeological excavations carried out on the first Kutubiyya Mosque have found evidence confirming the existence of such a mechanism, though its exact workings are not fully established.

The Minbari makeup used from then on gave Delenn a much more feminine appearance. When first appearing as the Minbari ambassador to Babylon 5, Delenn initially hides her status of being a leader of the Grey Council. At the start of the 2nd season, Delenn uses a special artifact to transform into a half-human, half-Minbari hybrid - initially treated with suspicion by humans and Minbari alike. Delenn was instrumental in also getting Sinclair to be stationed as the first Earth ambassador to Minbar, since unbeknownst to Sinclair initially, they chose him because he was the first human the Grey Council had any direct contact with during the Battle of the Line In season 2, Delenn and John Sheridan fall in love, which drives a further wedge between the Minbari religious and warrior castes, who soon break a thousand years of cooperation and begin a civil war against one another.

The aisle that runs through the middle arches, aligned with the mihrab, is wider than the others, as is the last transverse nave directly in front of the southeast wall, thus corresponding to the traditional "T-plan" layout of medieval Moroccan mosques. The mihrab, a niche with a horseshoe arch opening symbolizing the qibla (direction of prayer), is highlighted with stucco-carved decoration on the surrounding wall and marble engaged columns. On either side of the mihrab is a door, the one on the right opening onto the storage space of the minbar while the one on the left opens to the imam's chamber and, beyond it, a private passage which connected the mosque with the palace of Moulay Isma'il. This allowed the sultan to enter the mosque separately with his entourage and join prayers directly next to the imam's position in front of the mihrab, a feature shared with other Moroccan royal mosques like the first Kutubiyya Mosque or the Grand Mosque of Fes el-Jdid.

Leaders has a vision of a secular Palestinian society respectful of civil and political liberties, moving towards peace, equality, participation and democracy with youths playing a leadership role in political, social, economic and cultural spheres. Leaders Organization is involved in a number of activities that serve the youth sector, examples of the activities and projects Leaders is evolved in include: Enhancing the role of youth in Palestinian Organizations, developing the role of youth in Elections and electoral law, Strategic planning for Birzeit University political parties, needs assessment research study for the youth sector in Palestine, establishing Al-Minbar Al-Tullabi that is a new student movement at Birzeit University that ran in the elections of the students council in 2006 and won two seats. Additionally Leaders Organization is involved in a number of ongoing activities that serve the Palestinian society such as olive picking, streets cleaning and networking between the unemployed fresh graduates and private sector institutions.

When first appearing as the Minbari ambassador to Babylon 5, Delenn initially hides her status of being a leader of the Grey Council. At the start of the 2nd season, Delenn uses a special artifact to transform into a half-human, half-Minbari hybrid - initially treated with suspicion by humans and Minbari alike. Delenn was instrumental in also getting Sinclair to be stationed as the first Earth ambassador to Minbar, since unbeknownst to Sinclair initially, they chose him because he was the first human the Grey Council had any direct contact with during the Battle of the Line In season 3, Delenn and John Sheridan fall in love, which drives a further wedge between the Minbari religious and warrior castes, who soon break a thousand years of cooperation and begin a civil war against one another. After Sheridan and Babylon 5 break away from Earth, it is Delenn who rescues the station with a fleet of Minbari ships, but the cost of destroying the symbolic circle of the Grey Council.

Minbar within richly decorated interior of Et'hem Bey Mosque, Tiranë. Islam and the Ottoman legacy has also been a topic of conversation among wider Albanian society. Islam and the Ottomans are viewed by many Albanians as the outcome of jihad, anti-Christian violence, Turkification and within those discourses Albania's sociopolitical problems are attributed as the outcome of that legacy.. Some members from the Muslim community, while deemphasizing the Ottoman past, have responded to these views by criticizing what they perceive as prejudice toward Islam. Among Albanian intellectuals and other notable Albanians in the wider Balkans, discussions and at times debates about Islam, its legacy and role within Albania have occurred.. Within these discourses, controversial Orientalist, racist and biological terminology has been used by some Albanian intellectuals when discussing Islam, its legacy and contemporary role among Albanians... Ismail Kadare Prominent in those discussions were written exchanges in newspaper articles and books between novelist Ismail Kadare of Gjirokastër and literary critic Rexhep Qosja, an Albanian from the former Yugoslavia in the mid-2000s.

After taking Samosata (modern Samsat), an important stronghold on the Euphrates, the Byzantines advanced as far as the Armenian capital of Dvin. An Arab counter-offensive forced them out of Samosata after only a few days, and Dvin, which was defended by the Sajid general Nasr al-Subuki, successfully withstood the Byzantine siege, until the mounting losses forced the Byzantines to abandon it.. At the same time, Thamal, the emir of Tarsus, conducted successful raids into southern Anatolia and neutralized Ibn al-Dahhak, a local Kurdish leader who supported the Byzantines.. The Byzantines then turned toward the Kaysite emirate in the region of Lake Van in southern Armenia. Kourkouas's troops plundered the region and took the towns of Khliat and Bitlis, where they are said to have replaced the mosque's minbar with a cross. The local Arabs appealed to the Caliph for aid in vain, prompting an exodus of Muslims from the region.... This incursion, more than from the nearest imperial territory, was a far cry from the defensive-minded strategy Byzantium had followed during the previous centuries and highlighted the new capabilities of the imperial army.