Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been identified as being of note in periodontal disease. The genus is typically the cause of oral-cervicofacial disease. It is characterized by a painless "lumpy jaw". Lymphadenopathy is uncommon in this form of the disease.
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Actinomyces bovis was first described in 1877 by C. O. Harz, as a microbe within the jaw tissue of cows with lumpy jaw. It was thought to be identical to Actinomyces israelii until 1940, when D. Erikson showed these to be two separate organisms.
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Actinomycosis occurs rarely in humans, but rather frequently in cattle as a disease called "lumpy jaw". This name refers to the large abscesses that grow on the head and neck of the infected animal. It can also affect swine, horses, and dogs, and less often wild animals and sheep.
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Very old horses, if lacking molars to chew, may need soft feeds to maintain adequate levels of nutrition. Older horses may appear to have a lean, shallow lower jaw, as the roots of the teeth have begun to disappear. Younger horses may seem to have a lumpy jaw, due to the presence of permanent teeth within the jaw.
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Actinomyces bovis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Actinomyces. It is the causative agent of Lumpy jaw in cattle, and occasionally causes infections in humans. Actinomyces bovis normally populates the gastrointestinal tract of healthy ruminants, but are opportunistic in nature and will move into tissues through ulcerations or abrasions of the mucosa to cause disease. Disease occurs when there is physical damage to the tissue of the mouth, allowing the bacteria to colonize the deep tissue and bone.
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Some wildlife, especially possums, currawongs and quolls have become to associate humans with food and are quite adept at stealing from tents, huts and packs. Although the vast majority of people are against feeding wildlife, during a Tasmanian study 7.4% of people eating lunch in national parks were observed to feed animals in addition to currawongs scavenging food after they left. It's recommended that bushwalkers suspend food from the roof within huts, and store food in rigid containers inside tents as eating human food has caused lumpy jaw in wildlife.
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Otto Bollinger @ Who Named It Bollinger had an extensive background in veterinary medicine, and was known for his studies of rabies in the days before the discovery of an anti-rabies vaccine. In 1877 he described the etiologic agent of bovine actinomycosis ("lumpy jaw"), an organism that is now referred to as Actinomyces bovis. Principles of microbiology by Veranus Alva Moore He is credited with describing the inclusion bodies found in tissue cells in fowlpox. These bodies contain the fowlpox virus, and are now referred to as "Bollinger bodies".
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A cattle tick conference in May 1907, convened by the agricultural department, approved the motion "that a bacteriologist be attached to the Department of Agriculture and Stock to investigate diseases in stock" with mention of regaining the services of Pound. It was reported the government decided that while Pound was to continue supervising the institute's work on plague outbreaks and other human pathology, his attention should again be directed to livestock: tick fever, pleuropneumonia, lumpy jaw, swine fever, swamp cancer, sheep parasites, and poultry diseases. As a result, in August 1907 supervision and control of the institute were returned to the agricultural department.
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