Turkey operates a list system, in which party leaders control who gets a seat.
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Fernandez's second-place showing still grants her one of the province's three Senate seats under Argentina's list system.
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In one of the most recent internal reviews of the watch list system, the Justice Department inspector general found in a 2014 report that improvements in the F.B.I.'s watch list system had made it "more complete, accurate and current" after problems in getting people on and off the list.
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Under the negative list system, only investments in industries specified in the list are prohibited or subject to review.
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China will improve negative list system for foreign investment, while improving state firms' competitiveness, innovation, resilience and ability to control, Xinhua said.
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She will, however, be immune from arrest after being elected to the Senate under Argentina's list system despite coming in second to Macri's candidate.
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Also on Saturday, Chinese state media outlet Xinhua reported that the NDRC would organize a study to establish a "national technological security management list system".
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A party list system, by contrast, is very simple, but some people don't like the way it breaks the direct connection between voters and politicians.
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The "Mattarellum" was modelled on British-style first-past-the-post contests, creating a clearer connection between voters and their representatives than the existing party-list system.
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Fernandez, who governed from 2007 to 2015, finished second to a Macri ally in the Buenos Aires province Senate race but won a seat under Argentina's list system.
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Fernandez won a Senate seat for the province of Buenos Aires under Argentina's list system on Sunday, but finished second, lessening her chances of staging a comeback for the presidency in 2019.
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The organization has accompanied vulnerable groups to the border in order to request asylum, bypassing the semi-formal list system that controls the numbers of migrants who try to enter each day.
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A "closed list" system for electing parliamentarians means voters cannot directly show dissatisfaction with unpopular candidates, said Saban Saliu, a Roma former member of parliament (MP) and now director of Macedonia's disaster response agency.
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Lu said that China would need to resettle about half a million workers that lose jobs in the coal and steel sectors this year and will speed up development of a "black list" system for firms with wage arrears.
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The more aggressive tactics of the past two years, two senior intelligence officials told NBC News, were sparked by a string of domestic incidents in 2015 and 2016 in which the watch list system and the FBI failed to stop American citizens from conducting attacks.
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The ministry of human resources in April said that China would need to resettle about half a million workers that lose jobs in the coal and steel sectors this year and will speed up development of a "black list" system for firms with wage arrears.
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Argentina's electoral list system guaranteed Fernandez a Senate seat and some political influence with her second-place finish, but she lost by more than four percentage points to Macri's little-known former education minister in the bellwether province that is home to nearly 40 percent of voters.
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In 2009, the Parliament was forced to move from a closed to an open electoral list system because of pressure from Iraqi civil society (including religious institutions, think tanks and major media outlets) and from the international community (including the United Nations, the United States and the European Union).
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The no-fly list is one part of the government's watch list system, for tracking "known or suspected terrorists" and trying to prevent them from carrying out terrorist attacks in the US. The broader database of known or suspected terrorists compiled by the federal government tracks about 700,000 people; compared with that, the no-fly list is fairly small, with only 723,000 people.
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The Porto Alegre City Council is a unicameral body elected by open list system.
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The House of Representatives is elected using an open party list system of proportional representation.
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Nina Scheer bei UnternehmensGrün e.V. After his sudden death, SPD politician Rita Schwarzelühr-Sutter took his mandate via the German list system.
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He served for five years until losing an election bid at the 1999 European Parliament Election, which was run on a regional PR list system.
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A reform to the electoral system came into effect in this election, based on an open list system, with each voter having five votes to distribute freely between parties and candidates.
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Jaan Kaplinski was elected as the second Social Democrat candidate (Estonia uses an open list system in local elections), collecting 1,045 votes. Jaan Kaplinski was one of those intellectuals who supported Toomas Hendrik Ilves' candidature.
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In the party-list system, the parties contesting the election represent a sector, or several sectors, or an ethnic group. In determining the winners, the entire country is treated as one "district". Each party that surpasses the 2% election threshold automatically wins one seat, they can win an additional number of seats in proportion to the number of votes they received, but they can't have more than three seats. The representatives elected via the party-list system, also known as "sectoral representatives" should comprise at least 20% of the seats.
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A new electoral law was passed in January 1950."Election Law In Yugoslavia", The Times, 24 January 1950 Imro Filacović of the Croatian Peasant Party was the only MP to vote against the law, complaining that it did not allow opposition parties to oversee the vote counting process. As a result, he was jeered in the National Assembly. The new law allowed individual candidacies in elections to the National Assembly, replacing the previous closed list system, although the closed list system remained in place for the Council of Nationalities.
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The voting system to be used is the closed list system, as was used for the 2005 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election. The open list system had been introduced for the 2009 Iraqi governorate elections elsewhere in Iraq, and the decision to stay with a closed list was criticised by members of the Kurdistan National Assembly who argued open lists strengthened the relationship between voters and candidates and reduced corruption.Kurdistan parliament elections between closed and open lists , Ak News, 2009-03-04 At least 30% of the candidates on each list must be female.
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In the party-list system, the parties contesting the election represent a sector, or several sectors, or an ethnic group. In determining the winners, the entire country is treated as one "district". Each party that surpasses the 2% election threshold automatically wins one seat, they can win an additional number of seats in proportion to the number of votes they received, but they can't have more than three seats. The representatives elected via the party-list system, also known as "sectoral representatives" should comprise at least 20% of the seats.
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Through most of the country's existence, parliamentary elections in East Germany took place according to a "Single List" system. Voters were given a single list of candidates nominated by the party and invited to vote for it or against it.
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In a local list system, parties divide their candidates in single member-like constituencies, which are ranked inside each general party list depending by their percentages. This method allows electors to judge every single candidate as in a FPTP system.
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Savisaare vastaste lõplik arv - 96678 rahvuslikliikumine.ee It ended on 9 May 2007 and had collected 98,200 e-mail addresses (not signatures, although organizers of petition claimed so). In 2009 being a candidate for EP elections collected a 103506 votes in closed list system.
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On May 31, 2010, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) declared several groups to have won seats under the party-list system, but the proclamations of AKB's seats (and those of several other parties) were deferred due to the pending disqualification cases against them. On July 28, it was announced that the COMELEC had dismissed all petitions against AKB, saying that party-list system law allows for regional political parties that do not represent a particular sector of society. The original petition was dismissed on June 29, but the original petitioners did not file a motion for reconsideration until July 26, after deadline for filing motions has lapsed.
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Supporters of party list proportional representation sometimes retort that the public often have little control over the selection of local candidates, either -- if a voter's preferred party selects a poor candidate, the voter is forced to either vote for a candidate they dislike or vote for a party they dislike. Under a party list system, voters can support their preferred party even if they are unwilling to vote for its local candidate. An open list system, however, may go some way to addressing the concern that voters can only support all the candidates that were proposed by the party. A notable example of this was in the 2006 Dutch general election.
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There are 220 seats in total for all the legislative districts. Some representatives were elected under a party-list system. Only parties representing marginalized groups were allowed to run in the party-list election. To gain one seat, a party must win 2% of the vote.
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For example, in Italy and France, regional elections are held under a parallel system where a group of councilors are chosen by a party-list system, and the remaining part with a general ticket, so to ensure that a single list wins well over half the seats.
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There are 220 seats in total for all the legislative districts. Some representatives were elected under a party-list system. Only parties representing marginalized groups were allowed to run in the party-list election. To gain one seat, a party must win 2% of the vote.
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However, since the winners from the parties that surpass the 2% threshold had not reached the 20% quota ever since the party-list system was instituted, the parties that received less than 2% of the first preference vote are given one seat each until the 20% quota has been filled up.
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However, since the winners from the parties that surpass the 2% threshold had not reached the 20% quota ever since the party-list system was instituted, the parties that received less than 1% of the first preference vote are given one seat each until the 20% quota has been filled up.
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UNAMI advised the electoral system was changed to allow people to vote for individuals as well as party lists under the open list form of proportional representation. The last national elections had used a closed list system, but the Iraqi governorate elections of 2009 had used open lists. The move was initially supported by parliamentarians from ISCI, and the most senior Iraqi Shiite cleric, Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, warned that failure to adopt the open list system would have "negative impacts on the democratic process" and would reduce turnout and aides said he may call for a boycott of the polls if closed lists were used again. In the end, all parties except for the Kurdistani Alliance agreed to support open lists which was adopted.
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The systems combined into SAM are listed below, grouped by functional area. Their migration to SAM is being conducted in phases: Phase I of SAM includes the functionality from the entity management systems - Central Contractor Registry (CCR), Federal Agency Registration (Fedreg), Online Representations and Certifications Application (ORCA) - and the Excluded Parties List System (EPLS).
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He now lives and practices in South Gloucestershire. In 1999 White's Bristol seat was incorporated into a 7-member South West England seat, using a list system, in which White was second string to Glyn Ford on the Labour list. White narrowly failed to get re-elected and Ford was the only Labour member returned.
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The legislative power consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are twenty-four senators and the House is composed of district representatives. It also created opportunities for under-represented sectors of community to select their representative through party-list system. The judiciary branch comprises the Supreme Court and the lower courts.
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The United Kingdom elected 78 Members of the European Parliament using proportional representation. The United Kingdom was divided into twelve multi-member constituencies. The eleven of these regions which form Great Britain used a closed-list party list system method of proportional representation, calculated using the D'Hondt method. Northern Ireland used the Single Transferable Vote (STV).
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Colmenares' papers include a primer on the Writ of Habeas Data, the Comparative Analysis of the Writ of Amparo, Impeachment as a Constitutional Accountability Mechanism, the Party List system Law, and the International Criminal Court and other articles for the Philippine Law Journal. He was associate editor of the World Bulletin of the UP Law Center on the issue of international crimes.
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Once the 92 members had been elected, they assembled to vote for eight White non- constituency members. All the candidates for these posts were members of the Rhodesian Front. The 20 White Roll members were elected from new constituencies made up of combinations of the previous constituencies. The Common Roll members were elected by province using a closed list system.
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Districts of the House of Representatives. , the House of Representatives of Japan is elected from a combination of multi-member districts and single- member districts. Currently, 180 members are elected from 11 multi-member districts by a party-list system of proportional representation (PR), and 295 members are elected from single-member districts, for a total of 475. 238 seats are therefore required for a majority.
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By-elections are not used, as the list-system means that vacant seats are merely filled by the next one on the party list (suppleants). This is also the case when candidates take temporary leave due to illness, childbirth etc. Norway switched its parliamentary elections from single-member districts decided by two-round run-offs to multi-member districts with proportional representation in 1919.
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The last national elections had used a closed list system, but the Iraqi governorate elections of 2009 had used open lists. In the end, all parties except for the Kurdistani Alliance agreed to support open lists which was adopted. The law increased the size of the Council from 275 to 325 members—equal to one seat per 100,000 citizens, as specified in the Constitution of Iraq.
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Each voter has two votes in the House of Representatives, via parallel vote: 80% of seats are from single-member districts, and 20% are from the party-list system. A voter may vote a representative from the congressional district of residence. The candidate with the highest number of votes in a district wins that district's seat. A voter may also vote a party-list organization.
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At the 2nd National Congress of Citizens, held on 1 July 2007, he was part of Albert Rivera's candidacy for party presidency. After voting through the open list system, Albert Rivera and his executive were elected. Jordi Cañas became then Secretary of Political Action and Strategy. In 2008, after the general election results, Albert Rivera presented a strategic and renovation plan including changes in the Executive Committee.
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In order to benefit from this open list system, a candidate in an electoral district needs to gain 25% of the total number of votes received by all parties that overcome the electoral threshold divided by the number of seats in the local council minus the seats won by the number 1s on the party list of the whole city. The elections have a 5% election threshold.
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He remains the only man to win the pennant in his lone season as manager. Meanwhile, the National League introduced the reserve list system, and Providence listed George, so he was not free to sign with Boston. Until the 1879–80 off-season, every professional baseball player was a "free agent" for every season. During the next two seasons he played only a few games.
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She was named to the Legislative Yuan via the proportional representation party list system as a representative of the People First Party. As a legislator, Chang continued supporting a wide range of green causes. In March 2012, she proposed that the government provide aid to single women, advising Taiwanese men against transnational marriage, calling the practice a "strange habit." Chang's comments drew criticism from multiple civic groups.
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Chamber of Deputies: Electoral system IPU The 24 seats in the Senate up for election were elected in three-seat constituencies using the closed list system. Each district is represented by three senatorial seats. Each party is allowed to register up to two candidates; one of those registered must be female. The party receiving the most votes wins two seats, and the second-placed party won one.
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Tamil Nadu made certification of brain death mandatory, becoming the first Indian state to do so. It also established clear procedures on declaration of brain death and enlarged the panel of members who could certify brain death. This was considered a major measure as it enhances the chances of deceased organ donations. The state authority has created a centralised waiting list system to ensure proper allocation of donor organs.
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The election for seats in the House of Representatives is done via parallel voting. A voter has two votes: one for one's local district, and another via the party-list system. A candidate is not allowed to stand for both ballots, and parties participating in the district elections would have to ask for permission on the Commission on Elections, with major parties not allowed to participate, in the party-list election.
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The election for seats in the House of Representatives is done via parallel voting. A voter has two votes: one for one's local district, and another via the party-list system. A candidate is not allowed to stand for both ballots, and parties participating in the district elections would have to ask for permission on the Commission on Elections, with major parties not allowed to participate in the party-list election.
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A constitutional commission was assembled to in part consider the process of elections. It determined to keep plurality/First-past-the-post voting for 80% of seats, but to use a mixed-member proportional representation "party list" system to allocate up to 20% of seats. However, this was not implemented until 1998. A group participating in the party list system (which may not be running in any single member constituencies) must receive 2% of votes cast to enter congress, and can win a maximum of three seats. The 1998 election saw 123 organizations run, and only 32% of voters selecting a party list organization, meaning only 13 organizations passed the 2% threshold taking up only 14 of the 52 seats allocated to party list organizations. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) decided to allocate the remaining seats to organizations that had not reached the 2% threshold despite prior rules indicating they would be distributed among parties that passed the threshold by vote share.
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In June 2015, Raetchi announced that he will run for mayor of Sector 5: "You never refuse a manly, heavy battle with The Social- Democratic Party. You go in the ring and send your opponent to go take a walk. The new system of the parliamentary elections - based on a list system - almost cancels the charm of an open fight in two. That's why you don't refuse a mayor race if you like confrontation".
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Chamber of the House of Representatives The is the Lower house, with the members of the house being elected once every four years, or when dissolved, for a four-year term. As of November 18, 2017, it has 465 members. Of these, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member constituencies by a party-list system of proportional representation, and 289 are elected from single-member constituencies. 233 seats are required for majority.
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Academics agree that the most important influence on proportionality is an electoral district's magnitude, the number of representatives elected from the district. Proportionality improves as the magnitude increases. Some scholars recommend voting districts of roughly four to eight seats, which are considered small relative to PR systems in general. At one extreme, the binomial electoral system used in Chile between 1989 and 2013, a nominally proportional open-list system, features two-member districts.
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Elections for the water boards have some similarities to other elections mentioned above, but also some distinctive differences. Similar to municipal elections, there are national parties and local parties, and the party list system is used with proportional representation. Residents of 18 and over can vote and elections take place every four years. In contrast to other elections, not all members of the water board are chosen by the residents of the water board area.
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Hawrami personally got 47,436 votes in the semi-open list system election. On 18 February 2019, MPs elected Hawrami as Deputy Speaker of the Kurdistan Parliament, with 68 votes. The election for the three parliament presidency posts was delayed for over three months because the KDP and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) were still in protracted negotiations on forming a government coalition, which led to the PUK boycotting the vote for parliament's leadership positions.
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He was the fifth Asian-born person to be elected a Member of the House of Commons, and in 1999 became the second so-born to be elected as a Conservative to the European Parliament which operates via a party list system. In November 2011 Deva became the European Conservatives and Reformists Group's candidate for President of the European Parliament, following three UN-related roles, representing the European Union, in the 2005 to 2006 period.
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The Commission is composed of the Senate President, the ex officio chairman, twelve senators, and twelve members of the House of Representatives. Members from each house of Congress are elected based on proportional representation from the political parties and parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented. The Chairman of the Commission shall vote only in case of a tie. It shall act on all appointments submitted within thirty session days of Congress.
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"Students did not belong to the opposition circles" ("Studenten gehörten nicht zum oppositionellen Milieu."). Elections in the German Democratic Republic were organised according to a "Single list" system. Voters were given a piece of paper listing the officially approved candidates and could endorse it by placing their voting slip in the appropriate ballot box. For voters not wishing to endorse the candidates listed there was a separate ballot box at the far end of the polling station.
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In 1999 the introduction of the list system (a form of proportional representation) in Great Britain for European elections meant Watson's constituency was abolished in favour of a larger multi-member constituency encompassing South West England. The South West constituency would later also include Gibraltar in 2004. Watson was re-elected in this constituency as the sole Liberal Democrat member at the 1999 European Parliamentary election. His party had gained 171,398 votes, 15.7% of the total.
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In addition, the host delivered a concluding "This is Talk of the Nation from NPR News" as a cue to stations that wish to cut away to local programming before the scheduled break. To coordinate the choice of interviewees across all NPR programs such as Morning Edition, All Things Considered, and Tell Me More, NPR set up a "dibs list" system around 2005, whereby the first show to declare interest in a particular guest can "reserve" that person.
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From 1992 to 2003 he was a member of Edinburgh City Council. In the 1997 UK general election he ran unsuccessfully as a candidate in Edinburgh South, and in the equivalent constituency in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election. In the latter he came third out of the five candidates, with 22% of the vote; less than five hundred votes behind Margo MacDonald. He was also a candidate for the Lothians, but was not elected through the list system.
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Graph showing voter participation in party-list elections. : Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines refers to a system in which 20% of the House of Representatives is elected. While the House is predominantly elected by a plurality voting system, known as a first- past-the-post system, party-list representatives are elected by a type of party-list proportional representation. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines created the party-list system.
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David Butler, Andrew Adonis, Tony Travers, "Failure in British Government: The Politics of the Poll Tax" (Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 123 Beamish's daughter, Claudia Hamilton Beamish, after standing for the South of Scotland in the 2003 and 2007 Scottish Parliament elections and for Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale at the 2010 general election was elected Scottish Labour Party Member of the Scottish Parliament, representing the South of Scotland under the list system on 5 May 2011.
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Mr Tappin was supported in his campaign by a talented team of young Labour members. The 'inner core' of this team, as one local councillor put it, made the John F. Kennedy campaign look like aged amateurs. He was given a five-year leave of absence from his duties at Keele University, as his important work in the EU saw him work on budget issues. Tappin lost his seat under the new list system in 1999.
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One-third of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies are reserved for women. The 130 seats of the Chamber of Deputies up for election were elected from 24 multi-member constituencies based on the 23 provinces and Buenos Aires. Seats were allocated using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of 3%.Chamber of Deputies: Electoral system IPU The 24 seats in the Senate up for election were elected in three-seat constituencies using the closed list system.
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Elections to the European Parliament took place in Slovakia on 24 May 2014. It was the third European election which took place in Slovakia. Thirteen MEPs were elected from Slovakia using a proportional list system joining the other candidates elected as part of the wider 2014 European Parliament election The 'faster processing of interim results' was promised by the Slovak Office for Statistics because of a new electronic counting system.Vo voľbách 2014 už bude použitý nový systém spracovania výsledkov Teraz.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 27 May 1984. Since the last election in 1979, changes had been made to the electoral system. The 176 two- member constituencies were replaced by 48 multi-member constituencies (totalling 448 seats), with candidates elected on a party list system, with a party needing over 8% of the vote to win a seat.Egypt Inter-Parliamentary Union The result was a victory for the ruling National Democratic Party, which won 390 of the 448 seats.
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The Internet Party (Partido de Internet in Spanish) is a political party founded in November 22, 2009 in Spain that tries to develop a liquid democracy system within the current legal system. The Internet Party has no ideology. They support an open list system where the elected members act representing the decisions taken by citizens in the Internet platform. During the Spanish general election 2011, the Internet Party presented 8 candidates in the electoral district of Cádiz and received 603 votes (0.09%).
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The fourteen general practices have a list system. Patients have to register with a GP. Temporary residents from the UK can use the service without charge. The practices on the island have an average of 1900 patients per GP. A digital facility for patients to make GP appointments and view their own health information online was launched in September 2017. The Manx Emergency Doctor Service is available when the practices are closed, from 6pm to 8am and at weekends and bank holidays.
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Since no political parties have sustaining membership to which party leaders are developed, most of the political parties have the rise-and- fall-and-rise character. There are three types of parties in the Philippines. These are: (a) major parties, which typically correspond to traditional political parties; (b) minor parties or party-list organizations, which rely on the party-list system to win Congressional seats; and (c) regional or provincial parties, which correspond to region-wide or province-wide organizations, respectively.
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Space Marine, however, prospered with the release of a new army list system heavily based in semi-realistic orders of battle with support attachment, multi-tiered command structure and regimental/battalion levels. Imperial Guard, Ork, Eldar, Squat, Chaos, and Tyranid sprues of 6mm figures, artillery and support weapons were released while vehicles came in white metal and were sold in blisters containing, most often, two units apiece (single units appearing only in the case of larger models such as Shadowsword or Baneblade tanks).
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The existence of list MPs has caused controversy in some countries. It is sometimes complained that because list MPs do not have a geographic electorate, they are not properly accountable to anyone. In addition, the methods used to create party lists are sometimes criticised as undemocratic -- in a closed list system, the public have no way of influencing the composition of a party list. In this situation, the public cannot support one candidate without also supporting other candidates from the same party.
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Hataman started as an ally of Akbar; he served as Akbar's chief of staff while he was Governor, and in 2001 was supported as the main party-list Anak-Mindanao candidate to the House of Representatives. Under the party-list system, an underrepresented group or party can obtain one House seat for every two percent that it gets of the party-list votes, with a maximum of three.MINDANAOANS BACK THEIR OWN FOR PARTY-LIST. Philippine Daily Inquirer June 18, 2001.
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Suppose that the method is to be used to give proportional results by party and by region. Each party nominates a candidate list for every region. The voters vote for the parties of their region (and/or for individual candidates, in an open list or local list system). The results are calculated in two steps: :In the so called upper apportionment the seats for each party (over all regions) and the seats for each region (from all parties) are determined.
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For the elections the country was divided into five constituencies, electing a total of 97 MPs using proportional representation. The three remaining seats were awarded to the parties with the highest vote totals that had failed to win a seat in any of the five constituencies.Nohlen & Stöver, p1113 The list system used was made flexible, as voters were able to cross out candidates' names and replace them with names from other lists. However, only 26.03% of voters made any changes to the lists.
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For the elections the country was divided into five constituencies, electing a total of 97 MPs using proportional representation. The three remaining seats were awarded to the parties with the highest vote totals that had failed to win a seat in any of the five constituencies.Nohlen & Stöver, p1113 The list system used was made flexible, as voters were able to cross out candidates' names and replace them with names from other lists. However, only 19.97% of voters made any changes to the lists.
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The meeting concerned the Soviet attitude to German reunification, formal implementation of which would take place in October 1990. The 1990 General election took place on 18 March and Willerding was a candidate. Between 1950 and 1986 national elections in the German Democratic Republic had been organised according to a single list system whereby voters could vote to support or reject a single list of candidates. The record indicated that the single list had always been supported by more than 99% of those voting.
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The second vote would be used in either an open list or closed list system in which voters select either a candidate or party to represent them at a regional level. However, it is expected that only open list have any real likelihood of being implemented. These regional MLAs are used as "top-ups" so that overall proportionality is achieved in rural regional areas, given the lack of proportionality that results from first- past-the-post elections. Top-up MLAs would be elected using regional party lists.
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Campaign donations for DPR candidates were limited to one billion Indonesian rupiah from individuals and Rp5 billion from organisations, while the corresponding limits for DPD candidates were Rp250 million from individuals and Rp500 million from organisations. In contrast to previous parliamentary elections that were closed list, Indonesia instituted an open list system for this election. Individuals campaigned not only as members of their political party but also on their own merits, and some who were not listed at the top of the party's list won seats.
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She left the CSU on 21 November 2007. In June 2008 she joined the Freie Wähler Bayern (Independent Voters Association of Bavaria). She was one of the party's candidates for the parliament of the state of Bavaria (Landtag of Bavaria) on 28 September 2008. Although she was listed as candidate number 8 in Central Franconia (Mittelfranken), she was ranked first by the region's voters (Bavaria has an open-list system), making her one of the two Independent Voters Association candidates elected from Central Franconia.
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Political scientists and jurists Chai-Anan Samudavanija, Amorn Chantarasomboon, Uthai Pimchaichon, and Borwornsak Uwanno were key influencers of the draft. A process of public consultation took place on a nationwide basis. Some clauses, particularly the requirement that all MP's hold bachelor's degrees, the party list system, the Constitutional Court, and decentralisation provoked strong criticism, particularly from smaller parties. The Asian Economic Crisis of 1997 increased public awareness about the need for reform, and has been cited as an impetus for the constitution's successful approval.
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He became a Vice President of the European People's Party and the party's Chief Whip in 1996. In the transition to a regional list system for elections to the European Parliament, Provan was chosen on top of the list for the South East England, attributed to his support for party leader William Hague's position on the single currency.Fran Abrams, "Hague's victory for euro sceptics", The Independent, 1 June 1998, p. 2. After his re- election, Provan was elected a Vice President of the European Parliament.
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Under the 2013 Constitution, Fiji's Parliament is unicameral. Its 50 members are elected for four-year terms by Party-list proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single constituency. To win election to Parliament, a political party (or an independent candidate) must win five percent of the total valid vote nationwide. Fiji's system differs from that of many other countries using the party-list system, however, in that voters do not vote for a party, as such, but for an individual candidate.
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The most recent substantial revision of the election law came in February 2015, and was partially upheld by the Constitutional Court in September 2015. An element of preferential voting was introduced by letting voters choose not only for a list of candidates, but also a single member of the same list. If the percentage of votes for a candidate exceeds 10%, they are elected as if it was an open list system. The list ranking is maintained for those candidates that do not meet this quota.
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On 14 June 2012, the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt ruled that the election was unconstitutional, and one third of the winners were illegitimate. The ruling was due, in part, to the fact that some seats were contested on a proportional list system, while others were contested on the first-past-the-post system. As a result, the court concluded, the election law had allowed political parties to compete for seats intended for independent candidates. "The makeup of the entire chamber is illegal and, consequently, it does not legally stand", explained the court.
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First-past-the-post within geographical areas tends to deliver (particularly to larger parties) a significant number of safe seats, where a representative is sheltered from any but the most dramatic change in voting behaviour. In the UK, the Electoral Reform Society estimates that more than half the seats can be considered as safe. It has been claimed that members involved in the 2009 expenses scandal were significantly more likely to hold a safe seat. However, other voting systems, notably the party-list system, can also create politicians who are relatively immune from electoral pressure.
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Prior to the 2013 the previous winner- takes-all party block vote was abandoned. Instead the elections were held using a closed list system in which 80% of seats (rounded to the nearest integer) in each constituency were awarded to the party receiving the most votes. The remaining seats were allocated proportionally to other parties receiving over 10% of the vote using the D'Hondt method. In cases where no other party received more than 10% of the vote, all seats in a constituency were awarded to the party receiving the most votes.
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Ballot box Israel's voting method is simplified by the fact that voters vote for a political party and not specific candidates in a closed list system. On election day, and upon entry to a polling station, the voter is given an official envelope, and shown to a voting booth. Inside the booth is a tray of slips, one for each party. The slips are printed with the "ballot letters" of the party (between one and three Hebrew or Arabic letters), the full official name of the party, and sometimes a slogan in small print.
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On October 10, 2012, COMELEC announced that AKB (along with 12 other parties) was disqualified from running in the 2013 party-list election by a unanimous 6–0 vote of commission members. The commission cited the party's failure to represent a specific sector of society, a requirement for parties fielding candidates under the sectoral representation (party list) system. AKB Representative Alfredo Garbin Jr. expressed surprise at the decision. On November 13, 2012, the Supreme Court granted a petition filed by AKB to forestall COMELEC acting on its decision.
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The new election law adopted for the 1993 Duma election stipulated half the 450 Duma members were elected by a party-list system of proportional representation, and half were elected as individual representatives from single-member districts. Every Russian voter thus received two different ballots. The proportional representation ballot compelled each voter to endorse an electoral organization or vote against all of them. By contrast, the single- member district ballot required a voter to endorse an individual, whose party affiliation, if any, could not be given on the ballot.
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The law maintains the electoral system used in 2014, using the open list system. Voters could vote directly for the candidate they wanted in a list of candidate names presented by party. The candidates are then ranked by vote in their respective parties, and the party's quota is determined through the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method after elimination of parties not meeting the threshold. For presidential candidates, the winning candidate is determined by simple majority, with runoff voting for the top two candidates if no candidates managed to secure a first round majority.
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Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list, which allows only active members, party officials, or consultants to determine the order of its candidates and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list. Additionally, an open list system allows voters to select individuals rather than parties. Different systems give voter different amounts of influence.
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The name chosen by the governor must be approved by the Assembly before inauguration. The 1988 Constitution has granted the states the greatest amount of autonomy since the Old Republic. Each of the 26 state governors must achieve more than 50% of the vote, including a second round run-off between the top two candidates if necessary. In contrast to the federal level, state legislatures are unicameral, although the deputies are elected through similar means, involving an open-list system in which the state serves as one constituency.
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George III, however, retained the income from the Duchy of Lancaster. On the accession of William IV in 1830, the sum voted for the Civil List was restricted to the expenses of the Royal Household, removing any residual responsibilities associated with the cost of the civil government. This finally removed any links between the Sovereign and the cost of the civil government. On the accession of Queen Victoria, the Civil List Act 1837—which reiterated the principles of the civil list system and specified all prior Acts as in force—was passed.
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Labour and Co-operative is a joint description registered with the Electoral Commission, appearing alongside a candidate's name on ballot papers. When elected, the designation is officially Labour and Co-operative Party, with elected representatives often meeting together in addition to being part of an official Labour group. For example, MPs and peers are members of the Co-operative Parliamentary Group. Most Labour and Co-operative candidates use the joint description but some stand under another version, particularly for local government elections and elections in Scotland, Wales and London that use a list system.
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The CPP-NPA at first enjoyed warm relations with the new president Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo. Bayan Muna, a leftist party list affiliated with the CPP through the NDF, won three congressional seats; the maximum under the party list system, during that year's elections. Along with two other parties with supposed ties to the CPP, Gabriela and Anakpawis, they won a total of six congressional seats. Relations would deteriorate however following the September 11 attacks and the Arroyo administration campaigned for the inclusion of the CPP and the NPA to international terrorist lists.
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This threshold also applies to winning single-member districts; a party will forfeit all its district seats that it won if the party did not meet the 5% statewide threshold. Unlike the other German states (and also countries using MMP), Bavaria uses an open- list system for its party-list seats. Voters not only cast a vote for a candidate in their district, but they also cast a vote for a list candidate in their region. For the distribution of list seats, all district (local) candidates are also constituency (regional) candidates with their parties.
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Fishing trips are available in the summer, including deep sea fishing. Boats can also be hired to row up the River Brit towards Bridport. The harbour has a secure boat park, holding up to seventy boats and entered via an electronic fob system; it is located behind the George Hotel and operates a waiting-list system. The West Bay area has a number of local caravan and camping sites, as well as hotels and B&Bs;, both in the bay area and the surrounding villages such as Burton Bradstock.
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A symposium titled "WiseUP Cebu" was held before the debate from around 3:00pm – 5:30pm (UTC+8) on the same day as the debate. Event manager Gregg Loren said that the focus of the event was on the candidates' platforms, relevant priorities and personalities. The administration of former President Ferdinand Marcos and the party-list system were also subjects at WiseUP Cebu. An online symposium was conducted on the day of the debate at the UP Cebu Jogging Field and streamed live over the Bilang Pilipino website.
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The 1994 electoral reform in Japan was a change from the previous single non- transferable vote (SNTV) system of multi-member districts (MMD) to a mixed electoral system of single-member districts (SMD) with plurality voting and a party list system with proportional representation. The reform had three main objectives: change the one-party dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from the previous 1955 system to a two-party system with alternation in power, reduce the cost of elections and campaigns, and change campaign focus from individual-centered to party-centered.
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In July 2015, Digital Health Intelligence reported DXC as stating that 19 NHS Trusts had contracted to take the Lorenzo system. George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust are also implementing Lorenzo under a financial support package which has been described as controversial. Deployments of Lorenzo have not been without reported teething troubles. Delays in the provision of data to NHS England's waiting list system were linked to Lorenzo implementations in an HSJ article in May 2014.
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Iraqis in the predominantly Sunni city of Husaybah, wait in lines to vote during the national election. Following the ratification of the Constitution of Iraq on 15 October 2005, a general election was held on 15 December to elect the permanent 275-member Iraqi Council of Representatives. The elections took place under a list system, whereby voters chose from a list of parties and coalitions. 230 seats were apportioned among Iraq's 18 governorates based on the number of registered voters in each as of the January 2005 elections, including 59 seats for Baghdad Governorate.
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The 150 members of the National Council were elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency with an electoral threshold of 5% for single parties, 7% for coalitions grouping at least two parties. The elections used the open list system, with seats allocated using the Hagenbach-Bischoff system. Voters were able to cast up to four preferential votes for candidates on the list of the party they voted for. All participating parties had to register 90 days before election day and pay a deposit of €17,000, which was refunded to all parties gaining 2% or more of the vote.
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At East Germany's first and last free and fair general election, held on 18 March 1990, Eva Schnell helped out as an election assistant at her local polling station. Innovative features of the election included giving voters a choice between several different candidate lists. Under the "single list" system used previously voters were invited to vote "yes" or "no" to the party's list of candidates and then, if they exercised the right to vote "no", risking serious social and economic penalties such as being demoted or fired from their jobs or expelled from school, etc., used a different box for their voting paper.
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In 1926 the British colonial authorities introduced Legislative and Executive Councils to the islands, preventing the Sultan from legislating without their consent. In 1954 the number of members of the Council was expanded to 12. Two years later the British authorities appointed Walter Coutts to advise the government on how to obtain public representation on the Council, albeit as "unofficial" members. Coutts' report suggested election of six members based on a list system, with candidates limited to property owners, people over 40, and those with a specific level of education, and that voters should meet the property criteria.
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Some local legislatures in the Philippines has a reserved seat for indigenous people called "Indigenous People Mandatory Representation". These are elected by the indigenous people themselves. The Local Government Code also calls for reserved seats in local legislatures for women, workers, and one from the urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, disabled people and other sectors, but for these seats, no law has passed on how these seats will be filled up. In Congress, no seats are reserved, although sectoral representatives were appointed by the president to the House of Representatives before the application of the party-list system.
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This by-election showed a strange effect in the Scottish AMS electoral system. The Labour Party in the South of Scotland region had won 7 seats, all as first past the post constituencies and none on the list system through proportional representation, whilst the Conservative and Unionists had won 4 seats in South of Scotland through the proportional representation system. By winning the Ayr seat at the by-election the Conservatives had technically greater representation than their 1999 results would have proportionally given them. This is an anomaly that the Scotland Act 1998 does not cater for.
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The first general election for the Bangsamoro shall be in 2022. Elections to the 80-member Bangsamoro Parliament shall be similar to how the members of the House of Representatives are elected. One-half of the membership (40) will be elected via the party-list system, and not more than 40% of the seats (32) are via single-member parliamentary districts. Not more than 10% of the seats are reserved seats, 2 seats for non-Moro indigenous peoples and settler communities, and one seat each for women, youth, traditional leaders and the Ulama, with these seats should be not less than 8 seats.
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After this, Smith stepped back from his complaint to the standards and privileges committee, but did not withdraw it. Following the creation of the Assembly, he continued to vote against giving it further powers and funding, and led a campaign to change its voting from a proportional list system. In the 2001 general election, Smith won Blaenau Gwent with 61% of the vote, beating the Plaid Cymru candidate by 19,313 votes. In 2002, he was one of several MPs to express support for the Labour Against the Euro group, which opposed the UK's possible membership of the single currency.
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Each voter has x votes, with the x candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. For representatives elected the party-list system, a party that won at least 2% of the national vote wins one seat, with additional seats, but not exceeding three seats, depends on the number of votes it received. If the number of sectoral representatives does not reach 20% of the membership of the House of Representatives, parties with less than 2% of the vote are given a seat each until the 20% membership is filled. Voter turnout in legislative and executive elections averages above 75%.
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Due to several factors—the multi-party system and the nationwide party-list system of proportional representation—no political party (in the modern sense) has ever had a majority in the House of Representatives since 1900. Indeed, since the adoption of the current proportional representation system in 1918, no party has even come close to the number of seats needed for a majority in its own right. To gain sufficient support in both chambers, at least two parties must agree to form a government with majority support. The negotiations leading to this agreement are the cabinet formation period in the Netherlands.
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The European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999 introduced a closed-list party list system method of proportional representation, calculated using the D'Hondt method into Great Britain. In Northern Ireland, the Single Transferable Vote, which is also a form of proportional representation, which had been used since the first European election in 1979 was retained. The Act also created twelve new electoral regions, which were based on the British government's nine administrative Regions of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The effect of the introduction of proportional representation was that many small parties won seats to the European Parliament for the first time.
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The low threshold, in combination with the nationwide party-list system, makes it all but impossible for a single party to win the 61 seats needed for a majority government. No party has ever won a majority of seats in an election, the most being 56, won by the Alignment grouping in the 1969 elections (the Alignment had briefly held a majority of seats before the elections following its formation in January 1969). As a result, while only three parties (or their antecedents) have ever led governments, all Israeli governments have been coalitions comprising two or more parties.
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Georgia held parliamentary elections on November 2, 2003. At stake were 235 seats in parliament of which 135 would be decided by a nationwide proportional party-list system and 85 were "majoritarian" contests in which a first-past- the-post winner would be determined in each of Georgia's 85 electoral districts. In addition, a nationwide referendum was held on whether the future parliament should be reduced to 150 members. Voters used a separate ballot for each of these three contests, folding them together and placing them in a single envelope which was then put in the ballot box.
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1990 was the year in which, for rather less than a year, she became an important Social Democratic participant in the national politics of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). National elections in the GDR had traditionally operated according to a single list system which offered the voters only one list of (carefully preselected) candidates. Anyone wishing to vote against the list could do so by placing the ballot paper in a separate ballot box while the officials looked on: few did. But on 18 March 1990 the German Democratic Republic conducted its first (and as matters turned out, last) democratically configured general election.
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Vienna City Hall In the Republic of Austria, the municipality (, sometimes also ) is the administrative division encompassing a single village, town, or city. The municipality has corporate status and local self-government on the basis of parliamentary-style representative democracy: a municipal council () elected through a form of party-list system enacts municipal laws, a municipal executive board () and a mayor (, fem. ) appointed by the council are in charge of municipal administration. Austria is currently (January 1, 2018) partitioned into 2,098 municipalities, ranging in population from about fifty (the village of Gramais in Tyrol) to almost two million (the city of Vienna).
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The constitution of 1933 stated that elections were to be held in all of Portugal's 18 constituencies by majority party list system, with all seats in each constituency going to the party list with a plurality of votes. In order to select a specific candidate, voters were formally able to strike out names. The electoral law of 5 December 1958 (rearranged to allow for the National Assembly to appoint the President) guaranteed universal suffrage for all mature, literate citizens, but unofficially curtailed female participation. All natural-born nationals residing in Portugal for the previous five years were allowed to stand for election.
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It provided for a semi-open list system, allowing voters to choose a party or an individual, in Scotland, Wales, and England (which would have been divided into regions as is done in European Parliament elections). Northern Ireland would have used the Single Transferable Vote. In the case of a casual vacancy, an interim replacement would have generally filled the seat until the next House of Lords election. In Northern Ireland, members who were in a party (at the time of their election) would have their replacement chosen by the party, while independents simply would have had their seat remain vacant.
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Entry to the school is via the Shropshire, Walsall and Wolverhampton Grammar Schools Consortium (Adams' Grammar, Newport Girls High, Queen Mary Grammar and High School and Wolverhampton Girls High School), testing Maths, English, verbal and non-verbal reasoning. These tests take place during Year 6 of primary education (in September). 11+ examinations must be taken in order to be enrolled in the school. Entrance is determined purely from entrance examination results (although the school does operate an appeals and waiting list system) but the chance is very slim, and each year only 145 pupils are awarded a place at the school.
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The mayor and the deputy mayors are elected by the plenary assembly, which is itself elected by universal suffrage on a list system every four years. The plenary assembly must meet publicly at least every three months at the seat of the ayuntamiento. Many ayuntamientos also have a governing commission (comisión de gobierno), named by the mayor from among the councillors; it is required for municipalities of more than 5,000 inhabitants. The governing commission, whose role is to assist the mayor between meetings of the plenary assembly, may not include more than one third of the councillors.
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With the coming of the Interim Batasang Pambansa and the regular Batasan during the Marcos regime, representation was done in many ways: most members were elected by regions, some by appointment from the different sectors of the society such as youth and labor, and some were members of the Cabinet appointed by the President. However, with the advent of the 1987 Constitution, the Batasan was scrapped and the Congress was restored. The present way of electing delegates to the House of Representatives is through legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities and the Metropolitan Manila Area and through a party-list system of registered national, regional and sectoral parties or organizations.
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Morris served as a Labour Party Councillor in South Wales, and unsuccessfully contested Brecon and Radnorshire at the 1983 general election before being elected in 1984 as the Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Mid and West Wales. After boundary changes he served until 1999, latterly representing South Wales West, an area corresponding to Swansea, Neath Port Talbot and Bridgend. In the late 1990s, due to the introduction of a list system of proportional representation for British seats, the Labour Party introduced a transitional selection process to determine its candidates for the 1999 European elections. Like other internal Labour Party processes of the time (e.g.
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This may cause ballots to be counted as invalid if the wrong system is used. For instance, if a voter puts a first- past-the-post cross in a numbered single transferable vote ballot paper, it is invalidated. For example, in Scotland and other parts of the United Kingdom, up to four different voting systems and types of ballots may be used, based on the jurisdictional level of elections for candidates. Local elections are determined by single transferable votes; Scottish parliamentary elections by the additional member system; national elections for the UK Parliament by first-past-the-post; and elections to the European Parliament by a party list system.
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The party calls for a change in the country's electoral system so that Knesset members represent constituencies, rather than being elected on a party list system, as well as switching to a presidential system of government.Hazit: The Jewish National Front -- By Prof. Paul Eidelberg GalileeBlog, 7 December 2005 It also supports preserving Israel as a Jewish state by increasing Jewish immigration, limiting immigration of people who are not Jews according to Halakha, and strengthening Jewish education in public schools, and is against territorial compromise, citing the stance of Rabbi Chaim Zimmerman, who wrote a halakhic discourse entitled "The Prohibition of Abandoning Land in Eretz Yisrael".
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East Germany's first general election took place in October 1950, almost exactly one year after the country had replaced the Soviet occupation zone. Following the election, which was organised according to the infamous "single-list" system, the DFD was allocated 20 of the 466 seats in the chamber. In May 1949 Elli Schmidt took over from Emmy Damerius-Koenen as national chair of the DFD after Damerius- Koenen had been required to relinquish the post, officially on health grounds. In 1950 Schmidt was appointed to head up the "Commission for drafting legislation on protection of mothers and children" ("Kommission zur Ausarbeitung des Gesetzes über den Mütter- und Kinderschutz").
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Lucas argued that she had a right under the Human Rights Act to peaceful protest following on from her firm anti-nuclear attitudes. Faslane is the base used for Britain's Trident nuclear programme. She was arrested for a protest at the same location in 2007. "It still seems ironic that it is a non-violent demonstration that is judged to be a breach of the peace, rather than Britain's illegal and immoral possession of nuclear weapons", she wrote at the time. Lucas was re-elected in 2004, gaining 173,351 votes (8% share), and again in the 2009 election when the party's vote under the list system rose to 271,506, or 11.6%.
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There were no immediate plans for any in the other 5 applicable regions (East of England, East Midlands, South East, South West, West Midlands). Greater London already has the London Assembly. It contained further consequential provisions, including causing the Boundary Committee for England to make recommendations about what the pattern of unitary authorities should be; and then if a referendum was successful, the composition of the Assemblies. It was expected that the proposed assemblies would have had a similar level of representation to the London Assembly, which has 25 members, 14 of which represent constituencies, the remainder being apportioned on a top-up party list system.
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Previously, the calculation for the winners in the party-list election was different: the winning parties should have 2% of the national vote and are awarded one seat; any additional 2% is given an additional seat until the maximum of three seats per party is filled up. Since only a few parties surpassed the 2% election threshold, the number of party- list representatives was always less than 20% of the House's membership. The party-list system was first used in 1998; from 1987 to 1995, the president with the concurrence of the Commission on Appointments, appointed the sectoral representatives. Sectoral representatives were first elected during 1978.
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Brian Simpson OBE (born 6 February 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for North West England. Born in Leigh, Greater Manchester, Simpson was educated at the West Midlands College of Education and became a teacher. He also joined the Labour Party, serving on Merseyside County Council from 1981 until 1986, and then on Warrington Borough Council from 1987. Simpson was a member of the European Parliament from 1989 until 1999 representing Cheshire East and from 1999 until 2004 representing the North West Region, when European Elections switched from First Past the Post to the List System.
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A "relatively closed" open list system is one where a candidate must get a full quota of votes on their own to be assured of winning a seat. (This quota, broadly speaking, is the total number of votes cast divided by the number of places to be filled. Usually the precise number required is the Hare quota, but the Droop quota can also be used.) The total number of seats won by the party minus the number of its candidates that achieved this quota gives the number of unfilled seats. These are then successively allocated to the party's not-yet-elected candidates who were ranked highest on the original list.
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The three 20th century waves of democracy, based on the number of nations 1800–2003 scoring 8 or higher on Polity IV scale, another widely used measure of democracy. The end of the First World War was a temporary victory for democracy in Europe, as it was preserved in France and temporarily extended to Germany. Already in 1906 full modern democratic rights, universal suffrage for all citizens was implemented constitutionally in Finland as well as a proportional representation, open list system. Likewise, the February Revolution in Russia in 1917 inaugurated a few months of liberal democracy under Alexander Kerensky until Lenin took over in October.
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This system increases the importance of name familiarity, with up to a fifth of voters reporting they decide upon their votes while inside the voting booth. Elections above the barangay level are held every three years since 1992 on the second Monday of May, all positions are disputed except for the president and vice president; presidential and vice presidential elections are held every six years since 1992. Single-winner elections are done via the plurality voting system: the candidate with the highest number of votes is elected. Multiple-winner elections, except for representatives elected the party-list system, are done via plurality-at-large voting.
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He said that the party-list system is used in democracies in Europe, Asia and South Africa, and that the new document contains many clauses that were in the old constitution. The original vote on the constitution had been expected in March but was then moved to January. There was speculation that this delay was intended to avoid public debate on the matter by holding the vote at the same time that Angola hosts the 2010 African Cup of Nations. Dos Santos had said that as soon as the constitution was passed he would reduce the size of the government and reduce the opportunities for officials to engage in corrupt activities.
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The Parliament Acts are rarely invoked, the European Parliamentary Elections Act was only the fifth statute since 1911 enacted under their provisions, and only the second since the Parliament Act 1949. It was passed mainly to change the electoral system used for electing Member of the European Parliament (MEP)s from first past the post to a closed party list system in England, Scotland and Wales. The single transferable vote system was retained in Northern Ireland. The UK was divided into twelve electoral regions, nine in England (matching the regions of England) and one in Scotland, one in Wales and one in Northern Ireland.
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After completion of the ongoing software audit, IEMOP will shift to the New Market Management System (NMMS), which it procured in July 2015 to implement the enhanced WESM design. The NMMS will allow for the shorter trading interval of five minutes and for a more efficient and reliable scheduling and pricing in the market. The NMMS will be complemented by other market systems that IEMOP will deploy, such as the Central Registration and Settlement System (CRSS) and Accounts Management System (AMS) for greater efficiency and transparency in operating the WESM. IEMOP also provides access to market information (Market Data), Participant List, System Operations Reports.
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Nevertheless, if such political objectives had been met, propagandists could boast of increased vehicle production and the completion of another new hospital. Inefficient bureaucracies were frequently created, with for instance, Bulgarian farms having to meet at least six hundred different plan fulfillment figures. Socialist product requirements produced distorted black market consequences, such that broken light bulbs possessed significant market values in Eastern Bloc offices because a broken light bulb was required to be submitted before a new light bulb would be issued. Factory managers and foremen could hold their posts only if they were cleared under the nomenklatura list system of party- approved cadres.
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All cabinet members must resign from parliament, as the constitution does not allow a cabinet member to hold a seat in the House of Representatives. Due to the nationwide party-list system and the low election threshold, a typical House of Representatives has ten or more factions represented. Such fragmentation makes it nearly impossible for one party to win the 76 seats needed for a majority in the House of Representatives. Indeed, since the current party-list proportional representation system was introduced in 1918, no party has even approached the number of seats that are even theoretically needed to govern alone, let alone win enough for an outright majority.
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At this conference they announced their intention to field candidates in all regions of Scotland. The Scottish Socialist Party (SSP) had been affiliated with the alliance for the Scottish Parliament election 2016, but otherwise retains its autonomy as an independent political party. In December 2015, former Scottish National Party (SNP) depute leader Jim Sillars said he would support the SNP with his constituency vote and RISE with his regional vote, adding: "If Colin Fox is on the list for Rise, I will be voting and supporting Colin Fox on the list system." In early January 2016, RISE announced its regional lists candidates for seven electoral regions.
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There are also features that cannot be seen on STBs but provided with help of flexible Windows GUI environment. These are: Multi PIP(watching more than 1 channel at the same time)), Multi record (recording more than 1 channel at the same time), LAN Streaming, VLC or MPC Integration, Auto-zap, Unique channel list system by grouping/ordering/filtering by several flexible options, Render-less mode, Multi monitor support, Command line support, Plugins support. Being a Windows application, user interface can be customized with help of themes and foldable GUI elements. It can be localized in most of the languages (29 languages are supported, as in 2015).
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A statue in Light Square in Adelaide, unveiled on 10 March 1986 by Her Majesty the Queen, commemorates Spence. The PRSA later launched its reprint of her booklet there. She is remembered by her autobiography, and was depicted on the Australian $5 banknote issued for the Centenary of Federation, in 2001. The PRSA's SA Branch (the Electoral Reform Society of South Australia) influenced the replacement of the first party list system used, briefly, for Australian parliamentary elections, introduced by the Dunstan Labor Government in 1973, by direct election using the present quota-preferential form of proportional representation that the SA Electoral Act 1985 prescribes for elections for SA's Legislative Council.
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Any remaining seats are allocated to lists that won at least one seat or parties that received at least 3.6% of the vote. In the open list system, voters first select the list they want to vote for, and then select a number of candidates equal to a quarter of the number of seats in the constituency. Party leaders or other candidates heading coalitions are not required to receive preferential votes to be elected.Electoral system IPU Although compulsory voting had not been formally abolished at the time the elections took place (it was abolished in 2017), the law had not been enforced for years.
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Due to his business positions, Ng wields a significant amount of power under Hong Kong's functional constituency system. In 1998, he and companies owned by Sino Group controlled roughly 3–4% of the votes in the real estate constituency, and an additional two votes in the tourism constituency. The voting power he wields through this system has been described as equivalent to anywhere from 6,100 to 15,940 votes in geographic constituencies, which has led to criticism by the Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor. Ng has spoken out in support of the "Application List" system for the sale of government land and in 2008 remained publicly optimistic about the prospects for the Hong Kong property market.
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In February 2015 the Croatian parliament voted to amend the country's election rules by introducing a number of changes, most importantly introducing an element of preferential voting by letting candidate selection function as a most open list system for candidates receiving a minimum of 10%, while keeping list ranking for those that do not meet this quota. In addition there were several other changes, including a gender quota, a ban on convicted criminals running, new rules for monitoring of the elections, changes to the way medi covers elections etc. The proposal came from the ruling Social Democratic Party as well as several other minor changes. The opposition left Parliament and did not participate in the voting process.
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The General National Congress (also translated as General National Council) was the legislative authority of Libya. It was elected by popular vote on 7 July 2012, and from 8 August replaced the National Transitional Council that had governed the country since the end of the Libyan Civil War. The General National Congress was composed of 200 members of which 80 were elected through a party list system of proportional representation, and 120 were elected as independents in multiple-member districts. The executive branch was appointed by the GNC and led by the Prime Minister, while the President of the GNC was the de facto head of state, though not explicitly described as such in the Declaration.
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Ultimately, it was decided that the upgrade system would be integrated in the form of upgrade benches, occasionally found throughout the game's world; this also solved another problem that Neonakis witnessed, in which players would upgrade to the lowest possible option, as opposed to saving parts for the higher options. Once it was decided to split the upgrade and slotting systems, the initial design was to select the weapons from a circle. This design, eventually considered "clunky and slow", was replaced in preference of a list system. Neonakis has identified that the main problem with the list design was that it forced players to focus on navigating through menus during intense combat.
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Alyansa ng mga Grupong Haligi ng Agham at Teknolohiya para sa Mamamayan (lit. Alliance of Groups Supporting Science and Technology for the People), commonly referred to simply by its acronym AGHAM (Filipino: Agham or "Science"), is a national sectoral organization in the Philippines pushing for the participation of the science and technology community in the legislative process. It is currently running for a seat in the Philippine House of Representatives, under the party list system. AGHAM was founded by Dr. Raymundo Punongbayan, former head of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), after being frustrated by the lack of concrete advocacy for disaster preparedness and other science-related issues, both in the Philippine media and the Philippine government.
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The secondary mandate is a proposed system for indirectly electing the UK parliament's second chamber, as espoused by singer-songwriter-activist Billy Bragg. The Secondary Mandate works by counting up the first past the post General Election votes by party at a regional level, and then distributing each party a number of seats roughly proportionately, through closed list proportional representation. The system has attracted support from a number of Government ministers including Peter Hain and Lord Falconer of Thoroton. It has however been criticised for being little more than a system of appointment as the closed list system it uses puts too much power into the hands of the political parties themselves.
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Proportional Representation (PR) was introduced outside Northern Ireland for the first time. The hybrid (part PR, part FPTP) Additional Member System was introduced in 1999 for the newly created devolved assemblies: the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and London Assembly and STV was used for the newly created Northern Ireland Assembly. The regional party list (Closed list) system was introduced for European elections in Great Britain (which had previously used single member constituency FPTP) though Northern Ireland continues to use STV. Labour passed the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, which created the Electoral Commission, which since 2000 has been responsible for the running of elections and referendums and to a limited extent regulating party funding.
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In populated places with up to 10 thousand voters will be divided into constituencies, from 2 to 4 deputies of the local council will be elected from each constituency under the relative majority system. In the other elections voters will have to fill in two types of candidate lists - one for the whole city (district or region) and a separate for their electoral district (in which they have to write down the number of their favourite candidate themselves). The number 1 on the party list of the whole city is guaranteed a place in the local council if the party passes the election threshold. The election will be held with a specific open list system.
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Mixed member proportional representation (MMP) is a two-tier system that combines a single-district vote, usually first-past-the-post, with a compensatory regional or nationwide party list proportional vote. The system aims to combine the local district representation of FPTP and the proportionality of a national party list system. MMP has the potential to produce proportional or moderately proportional election outcomes, depending on a number of factors such as the ratio of FPTP seats to PR seats, the existence or nonexistence of extra compensatory seats to make up for overhang seats, and electoral thresholds. It was invented for the German Bundestag after the Second World War and has spread to Lesotho, Bolivia and New Zealand.
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The party may also nominate regional-only candidates to account for the possibility of overhangs and expansion of the Landtag. A candidate (if he or she did not win his or her district) is ranked within his or her list by the number of first votes he or she receives within the district plus the number of second votes he or she receives from voters elsewhere in the region. In this manner, voters collectively can produce a list that is different from what the party submitted, which can result in the defeat of candidates that would have been elected (and vice versa) had the election taken place under a closed-list system.
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Beginning in the 1970s, Australian states began to reform their upper houses to introduce proportional representation in line with the Federal Senate. The first was the South Australian Legislative Council in 1973, which initially used a party list system (replaced with STV in 1982), followed by the Single Transferable Vote being introduced for the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1978, the Western Australian Legislative Council in 1987Electoral Reform expected to alter balance of power, The Australian, 11 June 1987, p.5 and the Victorian Legislative Council in 2003.Constitution (Parliamentary Reform) Act 2003 The Single Transferable Vote was also introduced for the elections to the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly after a 1992 referendum.
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Elections were held for seats reserved for the party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 13, 2013. At most 10% of the seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines are reserved for party-list representatives. The election was via the party-list system, with a 2% "soft" election threshold via the Hare quota, except that no party can win more than 3 seats, and if the seats won do not reach the 20% of the seats of the entire House of Representatives, the parties that have yet to win seats will get a seat each until the 20% reserved for party-lists have been filled up.
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The 150 members of the National Council will be elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency with an electoral threshold of 5% for single parties, 7% for coalition groupings with two or three parties, and 10% for coalitions of four or more parties. The elections use the open list system, with seats allocated using the Hagenbach-Bischoff system. Voters will be able to cast up to four preferential votes for candidates on the list of the party they voted for. All participating parties must register 90 days before election day and pay a deposit of €17,000, which will be refunded to all parties gaining 3% or more of the vote.
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Beginning in the 1970s, Australian states began to reform their upper houses to introduce proportional representation in line with the Federal Senate. The first was the South Australian Legislative Council in 1973, which initially used a party list system (replaced with STV in 1982), followed by the Single Transferable Vote being introduced for the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1978, the Western Australian Legislative Council in 1987Electoral Reform expected to alter balance of power, The Australian, 11 June 1987, p.5 and the Victorian Legislative Council in 2003.Constitution (Parliamentary Reform) Act 2003 Nowadays, the upper house both federally and in most states is elected using proportional representation while the lower house uses Instant-runoff voting in single member electorates.
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It is argued that the vote-count in the 2003 Russian parliamentary election was marred by fraud. Some exit-polls and parallel recounts conducted by opposition observers showed that Yabloko crossed the 5% threshold needed for parliamentary representation, gaining 6% of the vote, which should have been translated into some 20 parliamentary seats. Vladimir Putin himself telephoned Yavlinsky on the night of the election to congratulate his party on making it back into the Duma. However, most of these polls had a high margin of error (plus or minus three percent) and only showed Yabloko obtaining seats by a tiny margin. Official results announced by the Central Election Commission gave Yabloko 4.30% of the vote and no seats on the proportional party-list system.
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The current nationwide party-list system, combined with a low threshold for getting a seat (two-thirds of one percent of the vote) makes it all but impossible for one party to win an outright majority. Thus, the bargaining required to put together a governing coalition is as important as the election itself. This process of negotiations, which can last anywhere from two to four months (more on occasion...), is coordinated in the initial stages by one or more informateurs, whose duty it is to investigate and report upon viable coalitions. After a likely combination is found, a formateur is appointed to conduct the formal coalition negotiations and form a new Council of Ministers (of which the formateur himself usually becomes the Prime Minister).
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The General National Congress was composed of 200 members of which 80 were elected through a party list system of proportional representation, and 120 were elected as independents in multiple-member districts. It is estimated that 25 independents were associated with the NFA, 17 with Justice and Construction, and 23 were Salafis. Following the 2012 elections, an Integrity Commission was set up to exclude and remove Gaddafi- era officials from politics. The commission removed 15 members of the GNC. Independent members from Bayda, Baten al-Jabal, Abu Salim, Hay al-Andalus, Sabha, Tarhuna and Ubari were expelled, along with all the independents from Ghat and Bani Walid, two representatives of local lists from Ubari and Wadi al-Shate’, and two NFA deputies from Zliten and Abu Salim.
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The Ukrainian Republican Party (; Ukrajinska Respublikanska Partija) is a political party in Ukraine registered in December 2006 Українська республіканська партія, Database DATA as Ukrainian Republican Party Lukyanenko (). The party was led by political veteran Levko Lukyanenko(1928-2018).Lukyanenko was elected leader of Ukrainian Republican Party, Kyiv Post (November 25, 2010) Левко Лук'яненко знову очолив партію, Ukrayinska Pravda (November 25, 2010) The party did not participate in the 2007 parliamentary election as well as the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election nationwide proportional party-list system; Information on the registration of electoral lists of candidates, Central Election Commission of Ukraine instead three members of the party tried to win a seat in three of the 225 local single-member districts. Одномандатний виборчий округ №115, Zaxid.
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Coop-NATCCO Party-List was created through the initiative of NATCCO leaders who viewed the party-list system as an opportunity to go beyond mere dependence on traditional politicians to push forward the co-operative's legislative agenda. They recognized that active participation in the implementation of laws and government policies was necessary to ensure that the desired results for co- operative growth and development would be achieved. On July 27, 1997, the NATCCO board met at Cauayan, Isabela and approved the Network’s participation in the party-list election. Shortly after, on November 12, 1997, the board met again and commissioned Atty. Edmund Lao to prepare the party’s manifestation to participate in the election and to draft the by-laws of Coop-NATCCO Network Party-List.
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Thirwat Salah Shehata (ثروت صالح شحاته) (also Tarwat Salah AbdallahExcluded Parties List System, ELPS: Cross-Reference Record: Thirwat Salah Shihata) (born June 29, 1960)Federal Register, Volume 69, No. 103., May 27, 2004 was a core member of Egyptian Islamic Jihad.BBC South Asia, Who's who in al-Qaeda (Feb 2003) Married to the sister of Mahmoud Jaballah, Shehata served as Jaballah's lawyer in Egypt. Shehata was alternately reported to have been sentenced to death, or a light prison sentence, in absentia in 1991 following the al-Jihad assassination of Anwar Sadat.Associated Press, Details of some terror list groups, September 25, 2001al-Zayat, Montasser, "The Road to al- Qaeda", 2002 He maintained telephone contact with Jaballah through 1996 when the latter moved to Canada.
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As a sister party, the Co-operative Party has a unique relationship with the Labour Party meaning it doesn't affiliate at a UK level. Instead local Society Co-operative Parties affiliate to Constituency Labour Parties, which facilitates local co-operation and the selection of joint candidates. Most candidates use the Labour and Co-operative Party description on their ballot paper, however some stand under another version, particularly for local government elections and elections in Scotland, Wales and London that use a list system. In this case only one description will be used to avoid voters thinking Labour and Co-operative candidates are standing against Labour candidates; however joint candidates are still recognised as part of the Labour and Co-operative Group if they are elected.
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The very first engines of the GPK&AR; were named but soon after received numbers. As the GD&CR; was always intended to merge with the former its engines were allocated numbers following on from the GPK&AR; sequence. From 1851 new engines were given the numbers of older engines that had been withdrawn from service. Eventually new engines were being allocated the numbers of old engines that were intended for withdrawal but which were still running and so two engines would be running with the same number. In 1878 Hugh Smellie introduced an ‘R’ list to cater for older engines whose number had been allocated to a newer one. Later on Manson used an ‘A’ list system, where the older engine had an ‘A’ added to its number.
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From 2001 to 2016, the system was a most open list system: The ranking of candidates on a party list strictly followed the number of preference votes. This ranking also applies to the runner-up replacements in case of vacancies. In the 2019 election, the proportional district is enlarged to 50 members; and the proportional election system is modified to no longer be fully open: In a so-called tokutei-waku (特定枠, literally "special frame") parties may now choose to prioritize certain proportional candidates, such protected candidates can no longer be elected personally, but always come first in the allocation of proportional seats.Sōmushō, News on the electoral system, October 24, 2018: 参議院議員選挙制度の改正について, retrieved May 16, 2019.
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In the 2005 UK election, for example, the Labour Party under Tony Blair won a comfortable parliamentary majority with the votes of only 21.6% of the total electorate. Such misrepresentation has been criticized as "no longer a question of 'fairness' but of elementary rights of citizens". Note intermediate PR systems with a high electoral threshold, or other features that reduce proportionality, are not necessarily much fairer: in the 2002 Turkish general election, using an open list system with a 10% threshold, 46% of votes were wasted. Plurality/majoritarian systems also benefit regional parties that win many seats in the region where they have a strong following but have little support nationally, while other parties with national support that is not concentrated in specific districts, like the Greens, win few or no seats.
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Under the open list system used to elect members to the proportional representation block, Hirayama inherited the 618,025 ballots cast for Tanaka and Arita as well as the 1.1 million votes cast in the party's name (under the system, a voter can vote for an individual candidate or the party as a whole). Therefore, Hirayama was elected to the House despite personally receiving only 11,475 of the 58.9 million votes cast in the 2007 election, the lowest number for a successful candidate in the history of the House. In the initial voting he placed 115th out of the 159 candidates competing for 48 seats. Of the 48 successful candidates in the original vote, Yoshiki Yamashita of the Japanese Communist Party had the lowest number of votes with 55,911.
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He frequented racecourses, where he joined the throng of ready-money bookmakers outside the ring, generally laying a point or two above the odds obtainable inside. Great advantage being taken of the more liberal odds that he laid, he went within the public betting rooms. His customers in London were very numerous, and he originated in 1846 the betting-list system, which was continued until 20 August 1853, when such lists were declared illegal by a special act of parliament. The first of his lists he hung up at the Salisbury Arms in Durham Street, Strand; at a house known as Barr's Windsor Castle, 27 Long Acre, a second list was posted, and at these places he and his clerks stood at huge bankers' ledgers and entered the bets.
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The Standard (Hong Kong) In July 2011, the Government published a consultation paper in which four options were proposed with regard to the arrangements for filling vacancies in the Legislative Council. Options to fill a casual vacancy arising mid-term in the Legislative Council: # restricting resigning Members from participating in any by-election in the same term, # a replacement mechanism using the same candidate list followed by a precedence list system (the Administration's revised proposal), # a replacement mechanism which does not cover causal vacancies arising from death, serious illness or other involuntary circumstances; and # a replacement mechanism using the same candidate list, followed by leaving the seat vacant when the list is exhausted. After the consultation, the government modified the bill to bar the resigning legislator from running again for six months.
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Party-list Winners: Whose Interests are Represented? He was one of the prosecutors in the impeachment trial of Chief Justice Renato Corona, who was convicted by the Senate for Betrayal of Public Trust. He is involved in constitutional legal issues, having acted as counsel and argued before the Supreme Court in oral arguments on the constitutionality of Executive Order 464, the petition against the Emergency Rule Proclamation 1017, the calibrated preemptive response (CPR) policy, the cha cha initiative to amend the Constitution, the petition to disqualify major political parties in the party list system, on the constitutionality of the Visiting Forces Agreement (the Subic Rape Case) and the oral arguments on the petition he filed against the First Party Rule which resulted in Supreme Court decision filling up of all the party list seats in Congress.
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Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: Results of the 24th regular election of members of the House of Councillors: Proportional election, Japanese Communist Party results (lists preference votes by candidate and prefecture) The proportional district is nationwide; but limited by a very short legal campaign period, some proportional candidates focus their campaign efforts on only certain regions where they personally or their party have a local base. The 'most open' list system is the one where the absolute number of votes every candidate receives fully determines the "order of election" (the list ranking only possibly serving as a 'tiebreaker'). When such a system is used, one could make the case that within every party an additional virtual single non-transferable vote (SNTV) election is taking place. This system is used in all Finnish, Latvian, and Brazilian multiple-seat elections.
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The 200 members of the National Council were elected by plurality in six single-member constituencies, and by proportional representation in 20 multi-member constituencies, with the 26 constituencies being the 26 cantons.Swiss Confederation seat allocations are for the 2019 election, but the page also provides the seat changes from the 2015 election The elections were held using the open list system where voters could cross out names on party lists, with voters also able to split their vote between parties (a system known as panachage) or draw up their own list on a blank ballot. Seats are allocated using the Hagenbach-Bischoff system.Electoral system IPU The 46 members of the Council of States were elected in 20 two-seat constituencies (representing the 20 full cantons) and six single-member constituencies (representing the six half-cantons).
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The Italian constitution allows, with substantial hurdles, abrogative referendums, enabling citizens to delete laws or parts of laws passed by Parliament (with exceptions). A reform movement known as COREL (Committee to Promote Referendums on Elections), led by maverick Christian Democracy member Mario Segni, proposed three referendums, one of which was allowed by the Constitutional Court of Italy (at that time packed with members of the Italian Socialist Party and hostile to the movement). The June 1991 referendum therefore asked voters if they wanted to reduce the number of preferences, from three or four to one in the Chamber of Deputies to reduce the abuse of the open-list system by party elites and ensure accurate delegation of parliamentary seats to candidates popular with voters. With 62.5% of the Italian electorate voting, the referendum passed with 95% of those voting in favor.
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He proposed that each resident of the UK would be signed up to a specific General Practice (GP) as the point of entry into the system, building on the foundations laid in 1912 by the introduction of National Insurance and the list system for general practice. Patients would have access to all medical, dental and nursing care they needed without having to pay for it at the time. In the 1980s, Thatcherism represented a systematic, decisive rejection and reversal of the post-war consensus, wherein the major political parties largely agreed on the central themes of Keynesianism, the welfare state, the mixed economy, supplies both of public and private housing, and close regulation of the economy. There was one major exception: the National Health Service, which was widely popular and had wide support inside the Conservative Party.
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Mustafa Dzhemiliov is number 12 on the list of the United Opposition "Fatherland", Den (2 August 2012) Front for Change leader Arseniy Yatsenyuk headed the list, because Tymoshenko was imprisoned.They Call Themselves the Opposition , The Ukrainian Week (31 August 2012) Список депутатів нової Верховної Ради , Ukrayinska Pravda (11 November 2012) The list won 62 seats and 25.55 percent of the vote under the proportional party-list system (down from 30.71 percent in 2007 for the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc), and another 39 in simple-majority constituencies. With whom and with what is going to the elections "Motherland", which is going to "put a shoulder to Zelensky", Espreso TV (1 July 2019) Competing in 152 of 225 constituencies, Candidates , RBC Ukraine they won a total of 101 seats, 22.67 percent of the 450 seats in the Verkhovna Rada.
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Elections were held for seats reserved for the party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 9, 2016. At most 20% of the seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines are reserved for party-list representatives. The election was via the party-list system, with a 2% "soft" election threshold via the Hare quota, except that no party can win more than 3 seats, and if the seats won do not reach the 20% of the seats of the entire House of Representatives, the parties that have yet to win seats will get a seat each until the 20% reserved for party-lists have been filled up. As a result of the creation of new legislative districts during the 16th Congress, the number of party-list seats available for the 2016 elections was increased by one.
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The June 1991 referendum therefore asked voters if they wanted to reduce the number of preferences, from three or four to one, in the Chamber of Deputies, to reduce the abuse of the open-list system by party elites and ensure accurate delegation of parliamentary seats to candidates popular with voters. With 62.5% of the Italian electorate voting, the referendum passed with 95% of those voting in favor. This was seen as a vote against the partitocrazia, which had campaigned against the referendum. Emboldened by their victory in 1991, and encouraged by the unfolding Mani pulite scandals and the substantial loss of votes for the traditional parties in the 1992 general elections, the reformers pushed forward with another referendum, abolishing the proportional representation system of the Italian Senate, implicitly supporting a plurality system that would theoretically force parties to come together around two ideological poles, thereby providing governmental stability.
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At the time of these actions, FedBid already had been under investigation by the Office of the Inspector General of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs and the United States Department of Justice for some time."VA rips FedBid, questions value of reverse auctions", Federal Computer Week, Accessed 2015-01-30"Administrative Investigation Conduct Prejudicial to the Government and Interference of a VA Official for the Financial Benefit of a Contractor Veterans Health Administration Procurement & Logistics Office Washington, DC", U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs Office of the Inspector General, Accessed 2015-01-30 On February 20, 2015, U.S. Air Force officials notified FedBid that they had removed the company from the Excluded Parties List System (EPLS) and the company was no longer suspended nor facing debarment proceedings. This decision was based on the terms of an administrative agreement signed between the company and USAF.
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"NEC" , UKIP. Hamilton was demoted from his role as campaign director in April 2014.Lucy Fisher, "Ukip demotes Neil Hamilton as party fears over sleaze grow." The Observer, p24, 20 April 2014. Accessed 23 May 2014. In the May 2014 local elections, he stood as a UKIP candidate in the St Mary's Park ward of Wandsworth London Borough Council and finished 8th of the 9 candidates with 396 votes. In the elections for the National Assembly for Wales on 5 May 2016, he was elected as a Member of the National Assembly for Wales for the Mid and West Wales Region, one of seven UKIP candidates to win a seat through the Regional List system."Welsh Election 2016: Labour just short as UKIP wins seats", BBC News, 6 May 2016. On 10 May 2016, UKIP's AMs voted him their leader in the Welsh Assembly, defeating Nathan Gill.
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Ozawa became one of Tanaka's closest allies in the Diet. After Tanaka was charged in the Lockheed bribery scandals, Ozawa was the only faction member who attended each of Tanaka's 191 court dates; Ozawa later commented that "the man in power of the day, who took care of me, was made to sit on a bench all day long and I couldn't bear if he was there alone with nobody around;" he also characterized Tanaka as a "scapegoat" on the basis that other politicians were involved in similar activity. Ozawa was appointed to lead the LDP's election strategy in the 1983 general election, the first to employ a closed list system, and led the effort to elect Sadakazu Tanigaki and Hiromu Nonaka to fill open seats representing Kyoto Prefecture. By the 1980s, he became one of the popular young leaders in the LDP, along with Tsutomu Hata and Ryutaro Hashimoto, both of whom were later elected as prime ministers, in the Tanaka/Takeshita faction.
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The 2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections were held on May 10, 2010 to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Philippines to serve in the 15th Congress of the Philippines from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2013. The Philippines uses parallel voting for seats in the House of Representatives; a voter has two votes: one for a representative from one's legislative district, and another for a sectoral representative via closed lists under the party-list system, with a 2% election threshold and 3-seat cap, when the parties with 2% of the national vote or more not meeting the 20% of the total seats, parties with less than 2% of the vote will get one seat each until the 20% requirement is met. In district elections, 229 single- member districts elect one member of the House of Representatives. The candidate with the highest number of votes wins that district's seat.
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The term STV in Australia refers to the Senate electoral system, a variant of Hare-Clark characterized by the "above the line" group voting ticket, a party list option. It is used in the Australian upper house, the Senate, most state upper houses, the Tasmanian lower house and the Capital Territory assembly. Due to the number of preferences that are compulsory if a vote for candidates (below-the-line) is to be valid for the Senate a minimum of 90% of candidates must be scored, in 2013 in New South Wales that meant writing 99 preferences on the ballot 95% and more of voters use the above-the- line option, making the system, in all but name, a party list system. Parties determine the order in which candidates are elected and also control transfers to other lists and this has led to anomalies: preference deals between parties, and "micro parties" which rely entirely on these deals.
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While the party-list system has been used by some sectors that have not been able to participate in government in order to have a voice in Congress, allegations from left-leaning party-list organizations state that several parties were used as fronts by then-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's ruling administration to further its interests. Parties such as 1-UTAK, purportedly representing transport groups, and PACYAW, which claims to advocate athletes and sports personnel, have government officials for nominees. The first nominee of Ang Galing Pinoy, for instance, a group claiming to represent security guards and tricycle drivers, was former Pampanga 2nd district representative Mikey Arroyo, the son of the former president; Arroyo won a seat through Ang Galing Pinoy in the 2010 election. On the other hand, a disqualification case had been brought up against the left- leaning parties in the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (New Patriotic Alliance) bloc including Bayan Muna (Nation First), Kabataan Party-list (Youth Party- list), GABRIELA Women's Party, and Anakpawis.
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Members of four Dutch political parties (PvdA, D66, CDA and VVD) in Ulft, shortly before the municipal elections of 2010 This article lists political parties in the Netherlands, which has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone, and parties often work with each other to form coalition governments. The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes. No party has won a majority of seats since the election of 1894Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 , and no party has even approached the seats needed for a majority since the current proportional representation system was implemented in 1918.
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The United Kingdom's component of the 2014 European Parliament election was held on Thursday 22 May 2014, coinciding with the 2014 local elections in England and Northern Ireland. In total, 73 Members of the European Parliament were elected from the United Kingdom using proportional representation. England, Scotland and Wales use a closed-list party list system of PR (with the D'Hondt method), while Northern Ireland used the single transferable vote (STV). Most of the election results were announced after 10pm on Sunday 25 May – with the exception of Scotland, which did not declare its results until the following day – after voting closed throughout the 28 member states of the European Union. The most successful party overall was the UK Independence Party (UKIP) which won 24 seats and 27% of the popular vote, the first time a political party other than the Labour Party or Conservative Party had won the popular vote at a British election since the 1906 general election.
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For the elections the country was divided into five constituencies, electing a total of 100 MPs using proportional representation (an increase from 97), with the three seats that had previously been awarded to the parties with the highest vote totals that had failed to win a seat in any of the five constituencies were scrapped.Nohlen & Stöver, p1113 The list system used was made flexible, as voters were able to cross out candidates' names and replace them with names from other lists, a system 32% of voters took advantage of. Whilst previously parties needed only collect 100 signatures to register for an election,Nohlen & Stöver, p1105 the system was changed for this election, with a deposit of 1,000 lats introduced, which was only refunded if parties won a seat. Combined with the scrapping of the three compensatory seats, this had the effect of reducing the number of registering parties, which fell from 141 to 120.
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The party list was headed by the leader of the "Front of Changes" Arseniy Yatsenyuk. The list won 62 seats and 25.55 percent of the vote under the (nationwide) proportional party-list system (down from 30.71 percent in 2007 for the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc), and another 39 in constituencies, thus a total of 101 seats. On 15 June 2013 the parties "Front of Changes" and "Reforms and Order" finally merged with the All-Ukrainian Union Batkivshchyna by self-liquidation. By 31 December 2013 the parliamentary faction Batkivshchyna had 90 deputies. Депутатські фракції і групи VII скликання Deputy fractions and Groups VII convocation , Verkhovna RadaParty of Regions gets 185 seats in Ukrainian parliament, Batkivschyna 101 – CEC , Interfax-Ukraine (12 November 2012)250 MPs sign up to join coalition - Turchynov , Interfax-Ukraine (27 February 2014) Yulia Tymoshenko was imprisoned from 5 August 2011 until 22 February 2014. After the 2014 revolution she was rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights in the absence of crime structure.
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According to Ukrayinska Pravda, the United Centre deputies in parliament already quietly voted with the Party of Regions (the main component of the Azarov Government). Віктор Янукович готується перетрусити команду, Ukrayinska Pravda (November 24, 2010) Deputy Lesya Orobets left the party after Baloha's appointment because the party never informed her about it. Леся Оробець: Я з Інтернету дізнаюся про те, що Балога сидітиме за одним столом із Табачником, UNIAN (November 15, 2010) According to Ukrainian media Strong Ukraine party leader Serhiy Tyhypko personally prevented a merger of United Centre with Party of Regions in March 2012. Тігіпко зажадав від "Регіонів" не брати Балогу, Ukrayinska Pravda (15 March 2012) The party did not take part in the October 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election nationwide proportional party-list system; Information on the registration of electoral lists of candidates , Central Election Commission of Ukraine instead nine members of the party tried to win seats in the 225 local single-member districts. Єдиний Центр на з’їзді висунув кандидатів у народні депутати України United Center on Congress put forward candidates for people's deputies of Ukraine, Parties official website (31 July 2012) Candidates, RBC Ukraine The party won 3 constituencies (all in Zakarpattia) and thus parliamentary representation.
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The 25th regular election of members of the House of Councillors (dai-nijūgo- kai Sangiin giin tsūjō senkyo, 第25回参議院議員通常選挙) was held on 21 July 2019 to elect 124 of the 245 members of the House of Councillors, the upper house of the then 710-member bicameral National Diet of Japan, for a term of six years. 74 members were elected by single non-transferable vote (SNTV)/First-past-the- post (FPTP) voting in 45 multi- and single-member prefectural electoral districts. The nationwide district elected 50 members by D'Hondt proportional representation with optionally open lists, the previous most open list system was modified in 2018 to give parties the option to prioritize certain candidates over the voters' preferences in the proportional election.NHK kaisetsu blog archive, 19 July 2018: 「参院定数６増 比例特定枠導入～選挙制度改革行方は」（時論公論）MIC, electoral system news, 24 October 2018: 参議院議員選挙制度の改正について The election saw Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's ruling coalition lose the two-thirds majority needed to enact constitutional reform.
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