The first lamella arises from after the flagellar insertion and is directed ventrally. The second lamella originates opposite from the first lamella.
|
|
Sut = sutural fold SP = suprapalatal fold UP = upper palatal fold LP = lower platal fold B = basal fold C = columellar lamella IP = infraparietal lamella P = parietal lamella A = angular lamella The apex of the shell is smooth and somewhat flattened.Pilsbry H. A. 1901. in Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. 1901-1902 - Oriental Bulimoid Helicidae. Odontostominae. Cerionidae Volume 14.
|
|
Cell wall and middle lamella (top) The middle lamella is a layer which cements the cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together. It is the first formed layer which is deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into middle lamella or lamellum. The middle lamella is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates.
|
|
The aperture is rounded with parietal lamella, basal lamella, columellar lamella and with two palatal lamellae. The width of the shell of the holotype is 2 mm. The height of the shell of the holotype is 6.2 mm. The body of the animal is a pale greenish yellow in color.
|
|
The inter-spacings of the lamella layers is around 80 nm, but there are variations in the thickness of each lamella. A network of netted trabeculae separates neighboring lamellae.
|
|
Micrograph of a case of porokeratosis showing a characteristic cornoid lamella (dark pink/red structure in the right/upper portion of the image). H&E; stain. Porokeratosis has a characteristic histomorphologic feature known as a cornoid lamella.
|
|
Annulate lamella is one of the cell membrane classes, occurring as a set of parallel elements with double same dimensional membranes, just as the nuclear envelope. These lamella have pore complexes which are identical to those of the nuclear cover. It is arranged in highly ordered structure with a regular spacing between themselves. These lamella are characteristics for the oocytes, spermatocytes, some somatic and cancer cells.
|
|
The parietal margin bears three lamellae: a small, triangular angle- lamella, a large, erect parietal lamella, the inner end of which curves behind the preceding tooth, and a smaller, straight infraparietal lamella near the middle of the parietal margin. The outer lip bears five folds: subequal, straight and rather large upper and lower palatal folds within the outer margin, a somewhat smaller columellar lamella below them, and two still smaller suprapalatal folds on the upper margin, the upper one of which is smaller and tuberculiform. The width of the adult shell varies from 39 to 45 mm, the height from 20–21 mm.
|
|
The lamella columellaris is clearly protruding into the aperture and reaching slightly further than the lamella spiralis inside. The lamella subcolumellaris is prominent, slightly curved and clearly visible in frontal view. Plica principalis is prominent, reaching less far inside than the lamella spiralis, but clearly further than the upper palatal plica, thickened in front where it is connected with a (very) conspicuous white knob, which is shortly lengthened inside, without coming close to the lunella. Lunella situated dorsolaterally; the short posterior part of the upper palatal plica is about as long as the short but relatively conspicuous plica basalis.
|
|
Tutsch, J., & Barthel, R. (2017). Modular steel lamella roofs by Hugo Junkers A lightweight structure from the 1920s. In IABSE Conference, Vancouver 2017: Engineering the Future - Report (pp. 623–630) Lamella structures can be constructed of wood timber or lumber, concrete, or metal.
|
|
The Chinga meteorite is an iron meteorite. It is structurally an ataxite with very rare kamacite lamella. The meteoric iron is a part of the lamella taenite. The total chemical composition is 82.8% iron, 16.6% nickel, and the rest mostly cobalt and phosphorus.
|
|
Callus is rather blunt and only slightly curved. Parietal wall has two lamellae (the anterior lamella may be dissolved into small denticles). Lower parietal plica is free or connected to the anterior lamella. Palatal plicae are oblique, or depressed Z-shaped, usually in contact with each other.
|
|
In a mature plant cell it is the outermost layer of cell wall. In plants, the pectins form a unified and continuous layer between adjacent cells. Frequently, it is difficult to distinguish the middle lamella from the primary wall, especially in cells that develop thick secondary walls. In such cases, the two adjacent primary walls and the middle lamella, and perhaps the first layer of the secondary wall of each cell, may be called a compound middle lamella.
|
|
In this cartilage, rudiments of the lower epiphysial lamella of the atlas and the upper epiphysial lamella of the axis may sometimes be found. The apex of the odontoid process has a separate center that appears in the second and joins about the twelfth year; this is the upper epiphysial lamella of the atlas. In addition to these there is a secondary center for a thin epiphysial plate on the under surface of the body of the bone.
|
|
Most of the rack railways built from the late 20th century onwards have used the Lamella system.
|
|
The last whorl is angular or carinated at the periphery, its last half is straightened and turned upward, showing two or three grooves or pits behind the lip. The shell aperture is subhorizontal, semicircular, obstructed by 5 or 6 teeth. Peristome is expanded and reflexed, pinkish-brown or flesh tinted. Parietal margin is bearing two or three teeth; a minute tubercular angle-lamella is often obsolete, an erect, compressed parietal lamella, and a small infraparietal lamella at about the middle of the parietal margin.
|
|
Joint between Riggenbach and Lamella Skitube Alpine Railway middle track explained The Lamella system (also known as the Von Roll system) was developed by the Von Roll company after the rolled steel rails used in the Strub system became unavailable. It is formed from a single blade cut in a similar fashion to the Abt system, but typically wider than a single Abt bar. The Lamella rack can be used by locomotives designed for use on the Riggenbach or the Strub systems, so long as the safety-jaws that were a feature of the original Strub system are not used. Some railways use racks from multiple systems; for example, the St. Gallen Gais Appenzell Railway in Switzerland has sections of Riggenbach, Strub and Lamella rack.
|
|
The aperture is oblique and lunate, peristome russet, expanded and well thickened. The parietal callus is moderately heavy. The parietal lamella is rather strong and emerges to the edge of the callus. The infraparietal lamella is relatively strong though much lower than the parietal, and emerges nearly to the edge of the parietal callus.
|
|
Lamella clarifiers can be used in a range of industries including mining and metal finishing, as well as used to treat groundwater, industrial process water and backwash from sand filters. Lamella clarifiers are ideal for applications where the solids loading is variable and solids sizing is fine and are more common than conventional clarifiers at many industrial sites due to their smaller footprint. One specific application is as pre-treatment stage for effluent entering membrane filters. Lamella clarifiers are considered to be one of the best options for pre-treatment ahead of membrane filters.
|
|
In mycology, ventricose is a condition in which the cystidia, lamella or stipe of a mushroom is swollen in the middle.
|
|
Tubariomyces Small sporomes with tubarioid or omphalinoid habit. Decurrent lamella and cheilocystiida present. Spores smooth. Known from mediterranean and tropical Africa.
|
|
In the double lamella method, the lower part of metal is etched away, and the upper part of tip is not etched further. Further etching of the upper part of wire is prevented by covering it with a polymer coating. This method is usually limited to laboratory fabrication. The double lamella method schematic is shown in Fig. 5. Fig.
|
|
The surface towards the body is smooth and known as the inferior lamella. The upper surface, or superior lamella, has transverse and longitudinal ridges and ribs. The lamellae are held apart by struts called trabaculae and contain pigments which give colour. The scales cling somewhat loosely to the wing and come off easily without harming the butterfly.
|
|
The most common wastewater application for lamella clarifiers is as part of the tertiary treatment stage. Lamella clarifiers can be integrated into the treatment process or stand-alone units can be used to increase the flow through existing water treatment plants. One option for integrating lamella clarifiers into existing plants is for conventional or sludge blanket clarifiers to be upgraded by attaching a bundle of inclined plates or tubes before the overflow in the so-called "clear water zone". This can increase the settling area by two-fold resulting in a decrease in the solids loading in the overflow.
|
|
It is characterized by generalized dark scaling. The term lamella(e) is used in the flooring industry to describe the finished top-layer of an engineered wooden floor. For example, an engineered walnut floor will have several layers of wood and a top walnut lamella. In archaeology the term is used for a variety of small flat and thin objects, such as Amulet MS 5236, a very thin gold plate with a stamped text from Ancient Greece in the 6th century BC. In textiles, lamella is thin metallic strip used alone or wound around a core thread for goldwork embroidery and tapestry weaving.
|
|
Where necessary flocculants may be added to promote efficiency. Lamella clarifier performance can be improved by the addition of flocculants and coagulants. These chemicals optimize the settling process and cause a higher purity of overflow water by ensuring all smaller solids are settled into the sludge underflow. A further advantage of the lamella clarifier is its distinct absence of mechanical, moving parts.
|
|
In either of these cases the overflow requires post-treatment such as an anthracite-sand filter to prevent the algae from spreading downstream of the lamella clarifier. As the inclined plates in the lamella clarifier are made of steel it is not recommended that chlorine be used to control the biological growth as it could accelerate the corrosion of the plates.
|
|
The middle lamella (a glue-like layer containing pectin) develops from the cell plate, serving to bind the cell walls of adjoining cells together.
|
|
The third lamella supports the third vane, which is located more distally and lies perpendicular to the other two vanes or lamellae. All three lamella have striations when viewed in a longitudinal section and these striations are perpendicular to the ‘9+2’ axoneme. Carpediemonas contains a single ovate nucleus, located anteriorly in the cell. The nucleolus can also be found subcentrally within the nucleus.
|
|
Shell is pupilloid-like, almost smooth (with weak radial lines), aperture is almost round, with single columellar lamella relatively deep in aperture that goes through almost whole body-whorl inside it and single palatal lamella in the begging of body-whorl (could be visible through wall of shell). Basal peristome is almost complete, slightly reflected. Height of shell 2.4–2.5 mm, diameter 1.2–1.3 mm.
|
|
Standard clarifier design has the effluent entering at the bottom of the inclined plates, colliding with the sludge sliding down the plates. This mixing region renders the bottom 20% of the inclined plates unusable for settling. By designing the lamella clarifier so that the effluent enters the inclined plates without interfering with the downward slurry flow the capacity of the lamella clarifier can be improved by 25%.
|
|
Also along the track were thirty four hard standings for single-engined fighters, and nine slightly larger hard standings. Three of the old pre-war Callendar hangars were dismantled, leaving just the Lamella and one Callendar hangar opposite the main gate. Many additional buildings were constructed between the airfield and the road. An Operations room for the stations new role was built near the Lamella hangar.
|
|
The semicircular aperture is turned upward, obstructed by numerous lamellae and folds. In the aperture of Anostoma, the primitive condition of the parietal armature remains, the angular, parietal and infraparietal lamellae being all present and separate. In Anostoma the parietal lamella is the longest while in other Odontostomini the infraparietal lamella is the longest. The "teeth" of the aperture are entirely homologous with those of Odontostomus.
|
|
Labrum incrassate and reflected, sharply angulate at its point of attachment to the body whorl near the angular lamella. The aperture is fairly large, roughly triangular in shape, little obstructed by fourfold dentition: a strong, almost perpendicular, inrunning angular lamella, (almost) free from apex of labrum; a more or less horizontal, triangular mid-labral process, protruding as far as angular lamella, corresponding to noticeable outside depression; a small, but noticeable superficial tubercle above or on the middle of the columella; a deeply situated, little prominent, almost vertical, inside columellar process. The width of the shell is 3.2-3.6 mm. The height of the shell is 7.1-8.2 mm.
|
|
Because of widely variable appearance of sublingual tissue in primates, the term "sublingua" is often confused with the frenal lamella, lingual frenulum, and other sublingual tissues.
|
|
The lamella broadly adnate to subdecurrent. The stipe is shorter and has not pleurocystidia. The basidia are necropigmented and has cheilocystidia as terminal elements. Spores smooth.
|
|
Many novices have mistaken humid water marks on paper for white spore prints, or discolored paper from oozing liquids on lamella edges for colored spored prints.
|
|
The bevel and lamella designs allow for a smaller blade-to-anilox contact roll which increases its ability to precisely shear the anilox roll or gravure cylinder.
|
|
Doctor blades are traditionally designed in 3 main tip configurations: straight, bevel and lamella. A straight doctor blade has a straight, blunt edge and is used for lower quality print. A beveled doctor blade is cut at an angle creating a beveled edge. A lamella tip is a doctor blade with a unique geometry that is thin at the tip, gradually becoming larger in a step pattern or other design.
|
|
The lamella is registered under the inventory number MS 5236 by the private Norwegian Schøyen Collection,The Schøyen Collection where it was studied by the British classicist Dominic Montserrat.Montserrat: "Report on Early Greek Gold Lamella", pp. 1–2 The printing technique of the inscription was specifically analysed by the German typographer Herbert Brekle in 2010.Brekle: "Analyse der Herstellungstechnik der Inschrift auf einem Goldamulett in der Schoyen Collection (London/Oslo)", pp.
|
|
A separation process unit such as a coalescer is often used to physically trigger a separation of the water and the oils. For the treatment of potable water the overflow from the lamella clarifier will require further treatment to remove organic molecules as well as disinfection to remove bacteria. It will also be passed through a series of polishing units to remove the odour and improve the colour of the water. There is a tendency with lamella clarifiers for algae to grow on the inclined plates and this can be a problem especially if the overflow is being discharged to the environment or if the lamella clarifier is being utilized as pre-treatment for a membrane filtration unit.
|
|
Systemically infected sunflower plants may have some degree of stunting and the leaves show pale green or chlorotic mottling which spreads along the main veins and over the lamella.
|
|
It uses buttresses, the only structure in Kingman to do so, and also has Kingman's only lamella roof, which is described as "an unusual method of construction in Arizona". Only one other gymnasium in the state used a lamella roof, the gymnasium at Phoenix Union High School, built circa 1940 and demolished in the late 1980s. The building additionally has Art Deco-style detailing. It is one of three Moderne style buildings in Kingman.
|
|
The fundamental unit of the aorta is the elastic lamella, which consists of smooth muscle and elastic matrix. The medial layer of the aorta consist of concentric musculoelastic layers (the elastic lamella) in mammals. The smooth muscle component does not dramatically alter the diameter of the aorta but rather serves to increase the stiffness and viscoelasticity of the aortic wall when activated. The elastic matrix dominates the biomechanical properties of the aorta.
|
|
The similar genus Ringicella has an additional feature on its shell: the angular lamella and upper suprapalatal fold are concrescent and form a perforation in the lip at its upper end.
|
|
Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or with a hand lens.
|
|
It involves grinding of cells in a suitable medium in the presence of certain enzymes with correct pH, ionic composition, and temperature. For example, pectinase which digests middle lamella among plant cells.
|
|
The lamella has the left attached end near the middle of the left margin, but the right free end does not extend beyond the posterior third of the length of the shell.
|
|
Within the ground scales are layers of lamella. The upper lamina is closely marked with longitudinal ridges. The ridges themselves consist of individual lamellae (6-12) which overlap like shingles on a roof.
|
|
Both lamellae are faintly nodulous; the posterior one slightly more so than the anterior. The deep channel between the two keels is marked by very feeble slender axial threads. The periphery of the body whorl is marked by a lamella a little less strong than those between the sutures. The base of the shell shows two lamellae, the anterior of which is immediately behind the columella and much less developed than the median one, which is somewhat weaker than the peripheral lamella.
|
|
The shell is rimate, oval, ventricose, nearly smooth, glossy, amber-brown or nearly chestnut, slightly transparent, outlines very convex. Whorls are rather convex, the last somewhat compressed below, with an impression over the lower palatal fold, a moderately developed, opaque crest behind the peristome; and a very deep impression between the crest and the point of the outer lip. Aperture having 6 principal and usually several smaller teeth: parietal lamella rather long; angular and infraparietal short and smaller. Columellar lamella large, ascending inwardly.
|
|
The National Exposition Company in charge of the project hired Gustel R. Kiewitt as architect and the Boaz-Kiel Construction Company as general contractor. Kiewit's design called for a lamella roof supported by 20 cantilever steel trusses, eliminating the need for view-obscuring internal support pillars. The lamella design consisted of Douglas fir ribs, thick, wide and long, fitted together diagonally and giving the appearance of fish scales. The huge structure was completed in 1929, just over a year after construction began.
|
|
Musical Instruments of the Jrai and Bahnar, p.255. Nhà xuá̂t bản Trẻ. .). An inward orientated ("the lamella points inwards towards the mouth"Wright, Michael (2017). The Jews-Harp in Britain and Ireland, unpaginated.
|
|
This combination of otic cavity grooves and ridges is unique to rhinesuchids. The lamella and stapedial groove are unknown in any other groups, although they are present in practically every rhinesuchid (except Broomistega, which lacks a lamella). The tympanic crest is present in most rhinesuchids but absent in a few, and it is additionally present in lydekkerinids. The oblique ridge/crest and falciform crest are present in most other sterospondyls (although the former is less well-developed), while the 'membrane' ledge is present in practically every stereospondylomorph.
|
|
These were replaced by a NVMF bogie wagon. A 1958 Tulloch Limited built locomotive was also purchased. The trains of the Skitube operate on the Lamella rack system, which was developed by the Von Roll company.
|
|
These are again traversed by a secondary sculpture of fine radiating threads. The fasciole is broad, excavate, crossed by close, sharp, and crescentic lamella. The aperture is imperfect in the holotype. The siphonal canal is slightly twisted.
|
|
During deformation, the shear component of the applied stress causes the hydrogen bonds between fibrils to break and then reform after fibril adjustment. # Collagen fibrils stretch: Collagen fibrils can elastically stretch, resulting in fibrils re-orientating to align with the tensile direction. # Tensile opening of interfibillar gaps: Fibrils highly misoriented with the tensile direction can separate, creating an opening. # "Sympathetic" lamella rotation: A lamella is able to rotate away from the tensile direction if it is sandwiched between two lamellae that are reorienting themselves towards the tensile direction.
|
|
A genus related to Liotia, but without a varix to the outer lip. The species are few-whorled and spirally sculptured. Their umbilicus has an internal funicle. The operculum is corneous, concave, multispiral, with a spiral frilled lamella.
|
|
Inosperma The sporomes of this subgenera usually has a distinct odor (fruity, honey-like, fishy). The pileus is radially rimose or can be squamulose to squarrose. The lamella has not pleurocystidia, but has cheilocystidia. Basidia necropigmented or not.
|
|
The mushroom's cap has between 5 and 15 cm in diameter. It sometimes takes a funneled shape when old. The lamella is cream-coloured when young, taking on an ochre colour as it matures. Its edge is smooth, undulated and irregular.
|
|
The symbolic groundbreaking ceremony for the extension of the line U5 took place on 21 September 2017, with the concreting of the first diaphragm wall lamella began in early October 2017. Completion of the work is now scheduled for 2022.
|
|
Tarsiers, which are most closely related to monkeys and apes (collectively called simians), also have a well-developed but non- specialized sublingua. Simians, however, do not have a sublingua, although some, such as titis have a highly specialized frenal lamella (plica sublingualis). All primates have a plica sublingualis, and the fimbria linguae (plica fimbriata) found under the tongue of apes may be a vestigial version, although that is still disputed. The structure and appearance of the sublingua, frenal lamella, lingual frenulum, and other sublingual tissue vary greatly between primates, and as a result, their terminology is often confused.
|
|
The Getty Museum owns an outstanding example of a 4th-century BC Orphic prayer sheet from Thessaly, a gold-leaf rectangle measuring about .As of September 17, 2008, The Getty Villa Malibu had this Orphic lamella on exhibition; information about the piece online. The burial site of a woman also in Thessaly and dating to the late 4thcentury BC yielded a pair of Totenpässe in the form of lamellae (Latin, "thin metal sheets", singular lamella). Although the term "leaf" to describe metal foil is a modern metaphorical usage,Daniel Ogden, Greek and Roman Necromancy (Princeton University Press, 2001), p. 188.
|
|
Their all steel design means there is a low chance that part of the inclined plate will chip off and be carried over into membrane, especially when compared to tube settlers which are constructed of plastic. Further lamella clarifiers are able to maintain the required water quality to the membrane without the use of chemicals. This is a cost saving measure both in purchasing chemicals and limiting damage to the membrane, as membranes do not work well with the large particles contained in flocculants and coagulants. Lamella clarifiers are also used in the municipal wastewater treatment processes.
|
|
In 1952 Airwork Ltd took over the maintenance and flying training for the Chipmunks of Durham University Air Squadron and 23rd RFS plus the Anson 21s of 2 Basic Air Navigation School(both serving the RAFVR)the CFI was 'Ernie Lancaster'. Airwork themselves flew 2 Proctors, 2 Oxfords and a DH Rapide. The Chipmunks were kept in the east end of the Lamella hangar at night and pushed out on to the tarmac during the day to allow minor maintenance to be carried out. Majors were carried out for all aircraft in the west end of the Lamella hangar.
|
|
A lamella (plural lamellae) is a small plate or flake, from the Latin, and may also be used to refer to collections of fine sheets of material held adjacent to one another, in a gill-shaped structure, often with fluid in between though sometimes simply a set of 'welded' plates. The term is used in biological and engineering contexts, such as filters and heat exchangers. The microscopic structures in bone and nacre are lamellae in the materials science sense of the word. Moreover, the term lamella is often used as a way to describe crystal structure of some materials.
|
|
The anterior lamella is usually connected to the lower plica. Middle palatal plicae are short, depressed Z-shaped, or almost vertical, sometimes connected to each other. The width of the shell 13.5–21.3 mm. The height of the shell is 7.0–12.1 mm.
|
|
Nuchal and lateral scales mostly feebly tricarinate; dorsals quinquecarinate; 34 (or 32) scales round the middle of the body. The hind limb reaches the wrist of the adpressed fore limb. Subdigital lamella smooth. Tail about 1.75 times length of head and body.
|
|
The basal lip has a broad, prominent knob. The lower palatal tooth is a prominent, crescentic lamella, with strong lateral buttresses. The upper palatal lip often has a small tuberculate denticle. The periostracum is brownish in color, occasionally speckled with greenish yellow.
|
|
Most scales are lamellar, or blade-like, and attached with a pedicel, while other forms may be hair-like or specialized as secondary sexual characteristics.Scoble (1995). Section Scales, (pp. 63–66). The lumen or surface of the lamella has a complex structure.
|
|
The species name is derived from Greek lamella (meaning plate) and spina (meaning spine).Wu, C. S. & Park, K. T. (1998). "Taxonomic review of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera) from Sri Lanka II. The subfamily Torodorinae: Genera Deltoplastis Meyrick, Hygroplasta Meyrick, and Antiochtha Walker". Insecta Koreana.
|
|
The shell is imperforate, globosely conoidal, white, under a brownish-yellow epidermis. The incremental striae are regular, stronger on the spire than on the body whorl. The number of whorls is 8. The shell has a narrow, aperture with a deep-seated strong basal lamella.
|
|
In 1954, during the final construction phase of the Coliseum, Progressive Architecture featured the building again. Its lamella roof was pictured on the magazine’s cover and the related article discussed the design of the auditorium and included several photos of the building under construction.
|
|
The middle lamella is laid down first, formed from the cell plate during cytokinesis, and the primary cell wall is then deposited inside the middle lamella. The actual structure of the cell wall is not clearly defined and several models exist - the covalently linked cross model, the tether model, the diffuse layer model and the stratified layer model. However, the primary cell wall, can be defined as composed of cellulose microfibrils aligned at all angles. Cellulose microfibrils are produced at the plasma membrane by the cellulose synthase complex, which is proposed to be made of a hexameric rosette that contains three cellulose synthase catalytic subunits for each of the six units.
|
|
The main advantage of lamella clarifiers over other clarifying systems is the large effective settling area caused by the use of inclined plates, which improves the operating conditions of the clarifiers in a number of ways. The unit is more compact usually requiring only 65-80 % of the area of clarifiers operating without inclined plates. Therefore, where site footprint constraints are of concern a lamella clarifier system is preferred. The reduced required area allows the possibility for the clarifiers to be located and operated inside, reducing some of the common problems of algae growth, clogging due to blowing debris accumulation and odour control, that occur when the machinery is outdoors.
|
|
Pelagomonas calceolata is uniflagellate, about 1.5 × 3 μm in size. Microtubular roots, striated roots and a second basal body are absent. A thin organic theca surrounds most of the cell. There is a single chloroplast with a girdle lamella and a single, dense mitochondrion with tubular cristae.
|
|
Adams, Bilingualism and the Latin Language, p. 194. A lamella from Roman Britain has been interpreted as Hebrew written in Greek characters.L.C. Youtie, "A Medical Prescription for Eye- salve," ZPE 23 (1976), pp. 121–29; Collingwood and Wright, “Roman Inscriptions of Britain I” (Oxford 1965), p.
|
|
Quasicravenoveras is characterized by a moderately large, variably involute, subdiscoidal shell, or conch. The surface is covered with sharp lamella that can appear as narrow ribs. The sides of the ventral lobe are divergent, separated by a short median saddle Related genera include Cravenoceras, Cravenoceratoides, Emstites, and 'Gorboviceras.
|
|
On the upper half of the shell, the papillae may be vaguely lengthened in the regular shell colour by striae that reach at most about the periphery of the shell; only the final quarter of the [body whorl] with irregular radial riblets. Cervical part of the body whorl is with a rounded basal keel, separated by an indentation from a rather prominent dorsal hump. Apertural lip is thickened by a whitish callus, broadly reflected, continuous but not protruding at the parietal side. Clausilial apparatus with a prominent lamella parietalis, reaching about ⅛ whorl into the aperture, where it ends next to the most frontal part of the lamella spiralis, which extends for about ½ whorl inside.
|
|
Drifting osteons are a phenomenon that is not fully understood. A "drifting osteon" is classified as one that runs both longitudinally as well as transversely through the cortex. An osteon can "drift" in one direction or change directions several times, leaving a tail of lamella behind the advancing haversian canal.
|
|
Tergite II has two large yellow bands laterally and a pale and translucent apical lamella. Tergites V and VI have a yellow apical band.Taxonomic studies on Egyptian Eumenidae In males antennae are curled at tip. In females the segment between the compound eyes is yellow with black spots in inferior part.
|
|
The periphery of the shell of this species is acutely angulated. The spire is normally elevated, and the sides of the spire are flat to slightly rounded. The shell aperture is moderately deflected. Within the aperture, the high, simple parietal lamella starts descending before it runs into the parietal lip.
|
|
The bungkau, also known as the uriding, turiding, kuriding or kubing, is a traditional instrument of the Dusun people of Sabah, Malaysia. It is a type of jaw harp. It is made using the stem of a palm, and pitched lower by adding beeswax to the back of its lamella.
|
|
Porokeratosis is a specific disorder of keratinization that is characterized histologically by the presence of a cornoid lamella, a thin column of closely stacked, parakeratotic cells extending through the stratum corneum with a thin or absent granular layer.Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. .
|
|
The three leaflike caudal lamellae at the end of the abdomen, which serve as gills, are broad and elaborately folded, an adaptation to intermittent low oxygen availability in its habitat.Corbet, 82. Each lamella has a conspicuous white spot, making Megaloprepus easy to distinguish from other tree-hole damselflies.Fincke, "Interspecific Competition", 83.
|
|
Spongia lamella in the Mediterranean Sea Spongia is a genus of marine sponges in the family Spongiidae, originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1759, containing more than 60 species. Some species, including Spongia officinalis, are used as cleaning tools, but have mostly been replaced in that use by synthetic or plant material.
|
|
Cells have a girdle lamella, grouped thylakoids stacked in three, and additional membranes around the chloroplast called the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum (CER). The large nucleus is located between the chloroplast and the Golgi complex. Vacuoles full of the storage product known as chrysolaminarin are found near the posterior end of the cell.
|
|
One of these proteins is ZBP1. ZBP1 binds to beta-actin mRNA at the site of transcription and moves with mRNA into the cytoplasm. It then localizes this mRNA to the lamella region of several asymmetric cell types where it can then be translated. FMRP is another RBP involved in RNA localization.
|
|
Head shape is circular with posterior margin flat to feebly concave medially in full-face view. Antenna is 11-segmented with apical three segments forming a distinct club. Antennal insertion is surrounded by a raised and unbroken lamella. Frontal carina is distinct and extends just past the level of the posterior eye margin.
|
|
It is elevated above the periphery of the shell and is obstructed by six white teeth. There are two strong lamellae on the parietal wall; these lamellae are compressed and curve upward within the aperture. The infraparietal lamella is stouter and straight. The outer lip of the peristome is broad, expanded and reflexed.
|
|
The cephalic extremity is also made up of three lips and lamella-like formations. The combination of these features taxonomically place the organism into the family Kathlaniidae. M. bicornis has the ability to extend or retract its cephalic region, though the specific function of this ability is unknown.Moravec, F. and Thatcher, V.E. 1996.
|
|
The posterior angle is acute. The outer lip is thin. The columella is rather stout, strongly curved, and revolute, reinforced by the attenuated base, and covered with a strong fold at its insertion. This fold can be seen through the transparent shell as a quite strong lamella on the pillar of the turns.
|
|
Shell is ancyliform, with the apex marginal, and situated at the left posterior side, incurved, small. Aperture is very large, oval. The margin of the aperture is thin and sharp; posteriorly with a narrow, thin, concave lamina, its right edge bent down and free, forming a thin and sharp-edged vertical lamella.
|
|
The tall teleoconch is pagodaform. The whorls, at about three-fourths whorl height, are sharply angulated and coronated by a thin lamella which is produced into somewhat irregular upward curved broad based spines. Above the carina the shoulder is concave. From the carina to the lower suture the outlines are straight but inclined inward below.
|
|
Commercially produced powder of pectin, extracted from citrus fruits. Pectin (from ', "congealed, curdled".) is a structural acidic heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary and middle lamella and cell walls of terrestrial plants. Its main component is galacturonic acid, a sugar acid derived from galactose. It was first isolated and described in 1825 by Henri Braconnot.
|
|
The non-overlapping growth directions also help to explain why dendritic textures are often seen in freeze-casts. This texturing is usually found only on the side of each lamella; the direction of the imposed temperature gradient. The ceramic structure left behind shows the negative image of these dendrites. In 2013, Deville et al.
|
|
Micrograph showing the internal elastic lamina (thin pink wavy line - image edge mid-left to image edge bottom-centre-left). H&E; stain. The internal elastic lamina or internal elastic lamella is a layer of elastic tissue that forms the outermost part of the tunica intima of blood vessels. It separates tunica intima from tunica media.
|
|
Alpheus tricolor is a crustacean belonging to the family of snapping shrimp. It was first isolated in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. It counts with a setose carapace, an acute rostrum, shallow adrostral furrows and a basicerite with a strong ventrolateral tooth. The lamella of its scaphocerite is not reduced, with an anterior margin that is concave.
|
|
Philometra priacanthi is a species of parasitic nematode of fishes. Its name is derived from its host species, Priacanthus hamrur. It possesses dorsal lamella-like structures on the distal part of its gubernaculum, which can also be found on other of its cogenerates. The only species with a dorsal protuberance near the gubernaculum's end is P. priacanthi, however.
|
|
In the fibrils, collagen molecules are embedded with hydroxyapatite mineral nanocrystals. Collagen fibrils align in the same direction to make a layer of collagen lamella, of about 50 μm in thickness. Lamellae are stacked with a misalignment in orientation, creating a Bouligand structure. When the scales bend during an attack, stress is distributed due to the corrugated morphology.
|
|
Olig2 inactivation during development reduces OPC production. Differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes involves massive reorganization of cytoskeleton proteins ultimately resulting in increased cell branching and lamella extension, allowing oligodendrocytes to myelinate multiple axons. Laminin, a component of the extracellular matrix, plays an important role regulating oligodendrocyte production. Mice lacking laminin alpha2-subunit produced fewer OPCs in the SVZ.
|
|
Weak median carina, approximately same length as terminal antennal segment, extending posteriorly from between antennal insertions and transitioning into a weak median groove that terminates near eye level. Frontal lobe is weakly expanded as a thin lamella. Eye moderate-sized, approximately same size as antennal socket, 3–4 facets along longest diameter. Clypeus is flat and unsculptured.
|
|
A bloomy circular zones is found on the lamella disposition. The milk is first carrot-red and becomes a maroon colour within 10 to 30 minutes. The brittle and pale-yellowish flesh is often infested with maggots. If cut or injured it becomes, as the milk, first carrot-red, then maroon and within hours dirty green.
|
|
Shell: The cone-shaped shell reaches a height of 35 mm. It is shiny white to cream coloured, often with brown spots. Seven thick and very distinct costae (spiral ribs) wind around twelve to fifteen whorls. These convex whorls often contain two or three purple bands that can best seen when they cross the lamella of the outer lip.
|
|
The opening (aperture) of the shell is crescent-shaped. Zospesum zaldivarae seems to be polymorphic regarding the presence/absence of the apertural barriers. Some individuals show an apertural dentition, some not. The apertural dentition (if any) consists of a small, short lamella on the parietal wall and a tooth on the parietal-columellar corner of the peristome.
|
|
G-Wagen reconnaissance vehicle of the Queen's York Rangers, on display at Fort York Armoury There are three small regimental museums within the armoury. Overlooking Lake Ontario there are a series of regimental officers' messes. These are excellent examples of the traditional British form. The exceptional architectural feature of Fort York Armoury is a Lamella roof.
|
|
Immediately subsequently he concentrated on fruit tree culture. He died in Kiel. Moldenhawer's contributions center on the microscopic examination of plant tissues, for which he devised techniques to separate the cells from the middle lamella layer that separates them. He identified vascular and parenchymatous tissues, described vascular bundles, observed the cells in the cambium, and interpreted tree rings.
|
|
The shell, aside from its helicoid shape (not a character of great importance), differs from all Pupillidae in the arrangement of the lamellae and baso-palatal folds. In multidentate Pupillidae the five primary teeth are always recognizable while in Strobilops only the main parietal lamella and the columellar lamella can certainly be said to correspond, and these are found in so many other land shells that their occurrence is not especially significant. It is possible, however, that upper and lower palatal folds of Pupillidae are represented by teeth 5 (the most right basal tooth) and 2 (second left basal tooth), and the basal fold by tooth 1 (the most left basal tooth). By the accelerated lamellae and folds of the shell, which appear early in the neanic stage, Strobilops resembles various Tornatellininae (within Achatinellidae).
|
|
This step can occur in a variety of ways depending on the species but always occurs at the abscission zone.Solomon, E.P., L.R. Berg., and D.W. Martin. 2011. Biology. Ninth edition, Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA. Detachment can occur when layers of parenchyma cells secrete cell wall enzymes to self-digest the middle lamella, which holds the cell walls together at the abscission zone.
|
|
At the end cell, the lamella cross section is larger, ovoid and papillose. In the upper leaf, cells are square to rectangular, while lower down they become more elongated and have a hyaline (glassy) appearance. The moss is dioecious and bears fruit fairly often, with spores maturing in summer. Spores are 14 to 20 µm in size and have fine hairs.
|
|
The inner lateral is slender, narrowed toward the cusp, like the centrals, and (sometimes at any rate) bearing a lamella behind the peduncle. The outer laterals are very broad, with one or several denticles on the cusp. The only character separating Cantharidus from Gibbula is the simple cusp of the central tooth, whilst in Gibbula it is denticulate at the sides.
|
|
The shell of B. monchenkoi is pupilloid-like and clearly ribbed, reaching 2.6–2.9 mm in height, and 1.3–1.5 mm in diameter. The aperture is ovate-triangular with a single well developed columellar lamella that goes from the beginning of the body whorl until the edge of the aperture, where it is clearly visible. The shell's peristome is complete and not reflected.
|
|
Another new design includes an adjustable upper portion of the vessel so that vessel height can be changed. This height adjustment is relative to a deflector, which directs the inlet stream. This design intended to be used for decanting storm water. Another design variation, which improves the efficiency of the separation unit is the way the effluent enters the lamella clarifier.
|
|
The four mechanisms through which adjustments occur are fibril rotation, collagen fibril stretching, tensile opening between fibrils, and sympathetic lamella rotation. Fibrils adapting to the loading environment enhance the flexibility of the lamellae. This contributes resistance to scale bending, and therefore increases fracture resistance. As a whole, the outer scale layer is hard and brittle, while the inner layer is ductile and tough.
|
|
Koreozospeum has a thin, squat ovate-conic shell, which shows fine spiral rows of interconnected pits constant throughout the teleoconch. The peristome has an oblique, ear-shaped (auriform) form. The shell shows a conspicuously pleated lip folded back onto the body whorl. Koreozospeum has an interrupted lamellar ridge on the next to last whorl, which then develops a uniformly shaped annular lamella.
|
|
The anterior lamellæ interweave more than posterior lamellæ. The fibrils of each lamella are parallel with one another, but at different angles to those of adjacent lamellæ. The lamellæ are produced by keratocytes (corneal connective tissue cells), which occupy about 10% of the substantia propria. Apart from the cells, the major non-aqueous constituents of the stroma are collagen fibrils and proteoglycans.
|
|
The tip of the abdomen is quite variable and less blue in more Southerly distributions.Novelo-Gutiérrez, R. (2009). Description of the larva of Acanthagrion. Odonatologica, 38(4), 321-328 The larvae are distinguished from others of the same genus, by having 3 premental setae, 4 setae in the lip palpus and a caudal lamella 8 to 10 times longer than its widest part.
|
|
Latia neritoides is a species of small freshwater snail or limpet, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Latiidae. The type specimen is in the British Museum. The specific epithet "neritoides" means "like a nerite". The shell of this species has an internal shelf or lamella, but it more closely resembles a shell of a Crepidula than it does a Nerita.
|
|
These also cover the notch-band, and over them, as well as the primaries, the lines of growth are raised in microscopic granules, or lamella, which, under strong magnification, give a very peculiar scabrous appearance to the surface. The strongest primary riblet is the one just in advance of the somewhat steeply declining and poorly defined notchband. The aperture is narrow. The anal sinus is deep.
|
|
The most similar species to Endothyrella plectostoma include Endothyrella affinis and Endothyrella sowerbyi. Endothyrella affinis and Endothyrella tricarinata are similar to Endothyrella plectostoma in the narrow umbilicus. All other Endothyrella species of similar size have wider umbilicus. Endothyrella plectostoma is usually smaller, darker than Endothyrella affinis, it has a horizontal, relatively long plica anterior to the lamella, and has the periostracal folds arranged on five spiral line.
|
|
The liquid that separates the flat faces between two polyhedral bubbles is called the lamellae; it is a continuous liquid phase. The areas where three lamellae meet are called plateau borders. When the bubbles in the foam are the same size the lamellae in the plateau borders meet at 120 degree angles. Since the lamella is slightly curved, the plateau region is at low pressure.
|
|
The occipital head of the stapes is largely expanded, with a large hyoid process, but the quadrate head is missing. The quadrate is roughly ear-shaped, with an occipital lamella. Only the posterior end of the lower jaw is preserved, and this lacks any distinctive features, such as teeth. The surangular fossa is present but extremely reduced, and the angular is well exposed laterally.
|
|
Schematic model of a spherulite. Black arrows indicate direction of molecular alignment Growth from the melt would follow the temperature gradient (see figure). For example, if the gradient is directed normal to the direction of molecular alignment then the lamella growth sideward into a planar crystallite. However, in absence of thermal gradient, growth occurs radially, in all directions resulting in spherical aggregates, that is spherulites.
|
|
Primary plasmodesmata are formed when fractions of the endoplasmic reticulum are trapped across the middle lamella as new cell wall are synthesized between two newly divided plant cells. These eventually become the cytoplasmic connections between cells. At the formation site, the wall is not thickened further, and depressions or thin areas known as pits are formed in the walls. Pits normally pair up between adjacent cells.
|
|
Suture is very oblique, ascending to the aperture. Aperture is quite obliquely piriform, excised by the very oblique parietal wall. Aperture has 4 teeth: 1 parietal lamella, 1 conic tooth at the lower end of the sharply emerging, dark-colored columella; 2 short, widely separated, deeply immersed palatal folds. Margins are delicately united, the outer margin is weakly arcuate, nearly straight, the columellar margin is broadly reflected.
|
|
Additionally, poorly maintained plates can cause uneven flow distribution and sacrifice the efficiency of the process. The closely packed plates make the cleaning difficult. However, removable and independently supported lamellar plates can be installed. Commercially available lamella clarifiers require different concrete basin geometry and structural support to conventional clarifications system widely used in industry, thus increasing the cost of installing a new (lamellar) clarification system.
|
|
In layman's terms, the muscle ends in the middle line of a person's abdomen. Throughout the rest of its extent the aponeurosis passes horizontally to the middle line, and is inserted into the linea alba; its upper three-fourths lie behind the rectus muscle and blend with the posterior lamella of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique; its lower fourth is in front of the rectus abdominis.
|
|
The IAB meteorites are composed of meteoric iron (kamacite and taenite) and silicate inclusions. Structurally they can be hexahedrites, fine to coarse octahedrites, or even ataxites. Most of them are octahedrite with medium to coarse taenite-lamella and distinct Widmanstätten patterning. The silicate inclusions are composed of low-Ca pyroxene, high-Ca pyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, troilite, graphite, different phosphates, meteoric iron and traces of daubréelite and chromite.
|
|
Vespula austriaca is a member of the family Vespidae. The genera Vespula and Dolichovespula are thought to be closely related and are considered sister groups. Their similarities include absences of strong seta on third segment of labial palpus, smaller scutal lamella, and a characteristic twisted pedicel in embryonic nests. The Nearctic population formerly considered as belonging to austriaca has been recognized as a separate species, Vespula infernalis.
|
|
Friedrich Zollinger, also known as Fritz Zollinger (March 31, 1880 - April 19, 1945) was a German architect, engineer, buildings official and town planner. He served as city architect in Merseburg, and developed the "Zollinger roof" (a timber lamella roofing system), and the no-fines concreting process. Fritz Zollinger was not related to the Swiss architect Otto Zollinger (1886–1970) who worked in Saarbrücken from 1924 to 1944.
|
|
The construction process used streamlined design, poured concrete construction, the Zollinger lamella roof, and also involved the future residents in a number of activities. By following this approach much affordable housing could be constructed in a short time. Between 1922 and 1929 the Merseburg construction company built 1250 housing units. In 1930 Zollinger decided not to extend his contract with the city of Merseburg.
|
|
Gulella systemanaturae is characterized by a medium-sized shell with little prominent costulation, seven to seven and three-quarter whorls and fourfold apertural dentition consisting of angular lamella, labral process, and outer and inner columellar processes; labrum sharply angulate at its point of attachment to the body whorl near the angular lamella. The shell is medium- sized, cylindriform to subcylindriform, greatest width at about the middle of the shell, glossy and transparent when fresh, with narrowly open umbilicus to more or less rimate. Spire produced, sides straight to very slightly convex and (sub)parallel, apex obtusely conical. Whorls seven to seven and three- quarters, very slightly convex, covered with fairly close, straight, oblique and little prominent costulae, interstices wider than (at most as wide as) costulae, smooth but with clear traces of spiral sculpture, apical whorls smooth with faint traces of spiral engraving; sutures fairly shallow to somewhat incised, crenellate.
|
|
William Gunn left £9,000 (), in his will of 1932 and this allowed the church hall to be built. The hall features a lamella roof, the only example of such a construction in the United Kingdom. In 1935, the generosity of Sir William Nicholson allowed the Lady Chapel to be built by William Nicholson and Son of Leeds at a cost of £10,000 {). The Calvary was the work of Alfred Southwick.
|
|
Lamellae on a gecko's foot. In surface anatomy, a lamella is a thin plate-like structure, often one amongst many lamellae very close to one another, with open space between. Aside from respiratory organs, they appear in other biological roles including filter feeding and the traction surfaces of geckos. Scanning electron microscopy image of the gill filament and lamellae from a 18-day-old larval Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacores).
|
|
A flat oval object made from mammoth tooth lamella, similar to the Indigenous Australians' ritual tjurunga, was found at the site. A third group of Neanderthals settled in the caves of the Pilis, Vértes and Gerecse Hills. They regularly visited the Bükk Mountains and the White Carpathians to collect raw material for their tools. Ibex was the main prey of the Neanderthals of the Middle Palaeolothic sites in the Bükk Mountains.
|
|
In 1936, a gymnasium was built on the Kingman High School campus. The WPA-funded project included a lamella roof, rare for Arizona and unique to Kingman. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. In 1993 a new high school outside of the Kingman city limits was built, known as Kingman High School North; it was the campus for the sophomores, juniors, and seniors.
|
|
These nonpetiolate eumenine wasps has a transverse ridge at the bending summit of the first metasomal tergum and a low and opaque propodeal lamella completely fused to the submarginal carina. The second sternite is more or less concave at the base, the propodeum is black and the wings are darkened at the apex. They show four yellow abdominal bands, Legs are mainly yellow. J. GüSENLEITNER Linzer biol. Beitr.27/2753-77529.12.
|
|
Promalactis is represented by the combination of the following characters: the smooth head with metallic lustre, the lanceolate forewings with various dark or white markings against yellow to deep ochreous-brown ground colour; the variously shaped symmetrical or asymmetrical valvae and a narrow to very broad sacculus in the male genitalia; and a developed to ill-defined lamella postvaginalis and an elongate thin ductus bursae in the female genitalia.
|
|
The formation of each lamella contributes to the consumption of energy and thus to an increase in elongation at break. Polystyrene homo-polymers deform when a force is applied until they break. Styrene-butane co-polymers do not break at this point, but begin to flow, solidify to tensile strength and only break at much higher elongation. With a high proportion of polybutadiene, the effect of the two phases is reversed.
|
|
The pit aperture is the opening at either end of the pit chamber. The pit membrane is the primary cell wall and middle lamella, or the membrane between adjacent cell walls, at the middle of the pit chamber. The primary cell wall at the pit membrane may also have depressions similar to the pit depressions of the secondary layers. These depressions are primary pit- fields, or primary pits.
|
|
The species classified within the genus Inchoatia are conchologically similar. They all have slender to very slender, small to medium-sized shells with more or less prominent papillae along the suture. The clausilial apparatus is of the so-called "N-type", with a lamella spiralis and a plica principalis. As in genus Albinaria, the genital tract shows a dimorphism in penial structure, with either a papilla or a caecum.
|
|
The male genitalia of Niphopyralis are highly derived. The female genitalia exhibit a strongly sclerotised lamella antevaginalis and usually a short, membraneous ductus dursae (strongly sclerotised in Niphopyralis). The signum in the corpus bursae is either absent (Mimetebulea, Niphopyralis) or present as a small to large rounded to short transverse sclerotisation. The larvae and pupae of Wurthiini are only known for Niphopyralis; see there for a morphological description.
|
|
Electrochemical etching is one of the easiest, least expensive, most practical, reliable and most widely accepted metallic probe tip fabrication method with desired quality and reproducibility. Three commonly used electrochemical etching methods for tungsten tip fabrication are: single lamella drop-off methods, double lamella drop-off method and submerged method. Various cone shape tips can be fabricated by this method by minor changes in the experimental setup. A DC potential is applied between the tip and a metallic electrode (usually W wire) immersed in solution (Figure 3 a-c); electrochemical reactions at cathode and anode in basic solutions (2M KOH or 2M NaOH) are usually used. The overall etching process involved is written here: Anode; W (s) + 8OH- -> WO4 + 4H2O + 6e- (E= 1.05V) Cathode: 6H2O + 6e- -> 3H2 + 6OH- (E=-2.48V) Overall: W (s) + 2OH- -> WO4^2- + 2H2O (l) + 6e- + 3H2 (g) (E= -1.43V) Here, all the potentials are reported vs. SHE. Fig.
|
|
In Lamella/Lamina (1983), a sculptural installation of 15 fragile columns, Lynn used architectural drawing paper processed to create texture, the work itself being installed at Anzart in Hobart in response to threatened rain forest on the Franklin River. The artist said that the columns were, amongst other things, 'a metaphor for vulnerability, sensitivity, and how one toughens up as one gets older ... Lamella/Lamina reflects the layering and interconnectedness, of nature and culture, of skin surface, mind and the political.' Gates of the Goddess – a southern crossing attended by the Goddess (1986, first shown at the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery and now in the collection of the Auckland Art Gallery) consists of three large panels, two of which form a passageway for the viewer and the third being a focal point with the form of the goddess. The work brings together many of Lynn's concerns particularly healing the abject as in the 1982 work Mantle.
|
|
Left and right gonads (g) in Rhabdopleura compacta. In recent years, living graptolites have been used as a hemichordate model for Evo-Devo studies, as have their sister group, the acorn worms. For example, graptolites are used to study asymmetry in hemichordates, especially because their gonads tend to be located randomly on one side. In Rhabdopleura normani, the testicle is located asymmetrically, and possibly other structures such as the oral lamella and the gonopore.
|
|
They are believed to be the actual motor which pulls the cell forward during the process of cell migration. The tip of the lamellipodium is the site where exocytosis occurs in migrating mammalian cells as part of their clathrin-mediated endocytic cycle. This, together with actin-polymerisation there, helps extend the lamella forward and thus advance the cell's front. It thus acts as a steering device for cells in the process of chemotaxis.
|
|
The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha (middle nasal turbinate). It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha.
|
|
Sphagnurus paluster parasitizes living Sphagnum mosses by forming penetration pegs through hyphae pressure. At the tips of these pegs pectinases are produced to digest the lamella between leaf cells which facilitates entry into both hyaline and chlorophyllous cells. The result is a deterioration of the protoplast and necrosis of the cells. The rate of parasitic expansion is theorized to be related to the amount of available nitrogen in the host and parasite mediums.
|
|
P. lateolabracis can be distinguished from the former by the lateral caudal mounds separated dorsally, narrower lamella-like structures on its gubernaculum, shorter spicules, and by the testis extending anteriorly. Other gonad-infecting species differ from this one by possessing a smooth gubernaculum, and their spicules being of different lengths. Seven gonad- infecting species of Philometra can be distinguished from P. priacanthi by their host types, as well as by geographical distribution.
|
|
Its spicules are slender and needle-like; the right spicule is longer than the left spicule or in some cases both spicules are equal in length. Its gubernaculum is narrow and long, with its proximal half being dorsally bent. The distal part of the gubernaculum possesses a transverse lamella-like structure on its dorsal side. The spicules and gubernaculum are well sclerotized, which are orange-coloured, the anterior part of which is colourless.
|
|
Neolentinus is a genus of wood-decaying agarics with tough (leathery to woody) fruit bodies composed of dimitic tissue, serrated lamella edges, and nonamyloid white binucleate basidiospores among other features. It was segregated from Lentinus in the broad taxonomic sense, hence the derivation of the name. Biologically Neolentinus species produce a brown rot type of decay of wood, whereas Lentinus causes a white rot. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the two genera are unrelated.
|
|
Camillus's devotion to female deities Mater Matuta and Fortuna and his contemporary vow of a new temple to both Matuta and Iuno Regina hint to a degree of identity between them: this assumption has by chance been supported by the discovery at Pyrgi of a bronze lamella which mentions together Uni and Thesan, the Etruscan Juno and Aurora, i.e. Mater Matuta.Published by M. Pallottino in Archeologia Classica 19 1967 p. 336 ff.
|
|
Kouxian () is a general Chinese term for any variety of jaw harp. The jaw harp is a plucked idiophone in which the lamella is mounted in a small frame, and the player's open mouth serves as a resonance chamber. Chinese jaw harps may comprise multiple idiophones that are lashed together at one end and spread in a fan formation. They may be made from bamboo or a metal alloy, such as brass.
|
|
The lamella raises against the axoneme and connects to at least two axonemal doublets after approximately 100 nm apart from the axoneme. Its width gradually broadens to about 700 nm Stygiella species mostly have a pear-shaped or sometimes a rounded nucleus close to the anterior end of the cell, with a nucleolus of 0.5 µm diameter. A single Golgi dictyosome, with generally 3 to 8 cisternae is located immediately posterior of the basal bodies.
|
|
The cap is medium to large, flat, grayish or yellowish brown and streaked, with a central hump and has a size of between 5 - 12.5 cm. The surface of the cap is sticky or slimy when moist, with the underside displaying wide white gills, or Lamella. The brittle stalk tapers at both ends and is nearly white above to brown below the soil.McKnight, Kent H. and McKnight, Vera B.(1987) A Field Guide to Mushrooms North America.
|
|
The shell has 7-7¾ whorls. The species is particularly characterized by its double columellar processes in the apertural dentition, a splendid discriminating character in shell morphology in this group. In addition, the labrum is sharply angulate at its point of attachment to the body whorl near the angular lamella. This may be an overlooked character as this has not been checked or noticed in other taxa with similar types of shell until the type description of Gulella systemanaturae.
|
|
Lamella pieces were riveted to horizontally lying bands to create a dome shape for the helmet. A short eye shield was attached to the front, which was often pierced with holes. A small hump with a fixing pin for a crest lied at the top of the helmet's dome. Kofun helm (2nd version) The second type was created differently, with horizontal and vertical bands throughout the helm's domeKofun-Helm im Metropolitan Museum, New York, online visible, (viewed on 23.
|
|
The lamella of its scaphocerite is not reduced. Its third maxilliped counts with an epipodial plate bearing thick setae, while its first chelipeds are found with their merus bearing a strong disto-mesial tooth; its third pereiopod has an armed ischium, with a simple and conical dactylus. Its telson is broad, distally tapering, with 2 pairs of dorsal spines. The species is named after Frédéric Fasquel, a photographer who contributed rare shrimp specimens for the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle.
|
|
Antaura is a female demon who causes migraine headaches. She is known primarily from a 2nd/3rd century silver lamella (inscribed metal leaf) found at the Roman military settlement Carnuntum in present-day Austria. Antaura, whose name means something like "Contrary Wind", is said to come out of the sea. In the inscription, she is confronted by the Ephesian Artemis, who plays the role assigned to the male figures Solomon, Arlaph, and Sisinnios in Jewish and Christian magic.
|
|
Epikeratophakia (also known as epikeratoplasty and onlay lamellar keratoplasty) is a refractive surgical procedure in which a lamella of a donor cornea is transplanted onto the anterior surface of the patient's cornea. A lamellar disc from a donor cornea is placed over the de-epithelialized host cornea and sutured into a prepared groove on the host cornea. Indications include treatment of keratoconus, refractive errors like myopia and high hypermetropia including aphakia, which cannot be corrected with conservative methods.
|
|
Operation within an enclosed space also allows for a better control of operating temperature and pressure conditions. The inclined plates mean the clarifier can operate with overflow rates 2 to 4 times that of traditional clarifiers which allow a greater influent flow rate and thus a more time efficient clarification process. Lamella clarifiers also offer a simple design without requiring the use of chemicals. They are therefore able to act as pre-treatment for delicate membrane processes.
|
|
Each lamella is provided with capillaries separated from the outer sea water by a thin wall that acts as the osmoregulatory membrane. The movement of the organs maintain a constant water flow for gaseous exchange. The oxygen is diffused in from the water and the carbon dioxide is expelled out. The coxae of the last pair of appendages bear short scopulate flagella which helps to clean the gills and serves to sense the oxygen content of the water current.
|
|
The Memorial Coliseum was an architecturally significant building of the Mid-Century modern style. Extremely well constructed, its footings were anchored into the original seabed, well below the 1940s fill. The curved roof contained 260 tons of structural steel in a lamella space frame (diamond shape design) with a thin concrete cover. This strong, yet light roof structure allowed for the barrel- shaped 224-foot unsupported span, which was the world’s longest when it was built.
|
|
Lamellophones are instruments which have little tines, or "lamellae", which are played by plucking. Unlike stringed instruments or air-column instruments like flutes, the overtones of a plucked lamella are inharmonic, giving the mbira a characteristic sound. The inharmonic overtones are strongest in the attack and die out rather quickly, leaving an almost pure tone. When a tine is plucked, the adjacent tines also create secondary vibrations that increase the harmonic complexity of an individual note.
|
|
The anal sulcus is deep, narrow, the fasciole separated from the suture by a beaded ridge, the outer margin of the fasciole not elevated. Type † Pleurotoma cristata Conrad, 1848. Oligocene fossil. This group is extremely close to Ancistrosyrinx Dall, 1881, the latter differing only by having the anal sulcus at the suture, with no intervening ridge, while the outer margin of the fasciole has an elevated lamella between which and the reflected keel at the shoulder there is an excavated channel.
|
|
A major function is as a constituent of cell walls. When coupled with certain acidic compounds of the jelly-like pectins of the middle lamella, calcium forms an insoluble salt. It is also intimately involved in meristems, and is particularly important in root development, with roles in cell division, cell elongation, and the detoxification of hydrogen ions. Other functions attributed to calcium are; the neutralization of organic acids; inhibition of some potassium-activated ions; and a role in nitrogen absorption.
|
|
Brekle, pp. 3–4 It is the existence of these fine double grooves on the gold lamella which provides the key for identifying MS 5236 as being stamped and not written. Because it is a matter of mechanical necessity that the engraved letters appear with their raised double edges on the substrate as parallel, sunken lines when being printed, as can be observed on the amulet. Thus, the inscription is a bas-relief, which was produced by a bas-relief stamp.
|
|
INTERIOR VIEW SOUTH TOWARD MOVEABLE FIELD LEVEL SEATS. - Houston Astrodome, 8400 Kirby Drive, Houston, Harris County, TX HAER TX-108-9 The Zollinger Lamella roof, named after Friedrich Zollinger, a municipal building surveyor from Merseburg in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. is a construction type where the roof is constructed in an arched network consisting of a single lamellae arranged in rhombic form. The vault system comprises short structural members interwoven across a curved surface in a diamond pattern.
|
|
Although there is great diversity in scale form, they all share a similar structure. Scales, like other macrochaetes, arise from special trichogenic (hair-producing) cells and have a socket which is enclosed in a special "tormogen" cell; this arrangement provides a stalk or pedicel by which scales are attached to the substrate. Scales may be piliform (hairlike) or flattened. The body or "blade" of a typical flattened scale consists of an upper and lower lamella with an air space in between.
|
|
The outer wall is lirate within. The basal margin is straight, bearing, within, a strong acute revolving lamella, opposite to a similar but smaller one upon the parietal wall. The columella is short, with a very strong acute median spiral fold. The above description applies to the typical form of this species, the prominent characters of which are the smooth, subequal basal lirae, closely wrinkled upper surface, with projecting peripheral tubercles, and strongly uni-lamellar basal and parietal walls of the aperture.
|
|
The system therefore requires no energy input except for the influent pump and has a much lower propensity for mechanical failure than other clarifiers. This advantage extends to safety considerations when operating the plant. The absence of mechanical parts results in a safer working environment, with less possibility for injury. Whilst the lamella clarifier has overcome many difficulties encountered by the use of more traditional clarifiers, there are still some disadvantages involved with the configuration and running of the equipment.
|
|
The departure of the RAF regiment was followed quickly by that of the Aircrew Disposal Unit which relocated to Coventry on 22 September 1944. Once again the airfield reverted to care and maintenance under the control of No 14 Maintenance Unit, based at Carlisle. This unit retained control of Usworth through to 1952 and stored various items at the airfield, including parachutes and engines. At one stage several hundred Cheetah XIX engines were stored in their packing cases in the Lamella hangar.
|
|
Attached to the posterior border of the hard palate is a thin, firm, fibrous lamella called the palatine aponeurosis, which supports the muscles and gives strength to the soft palate. It is thicker above and narrows on the way down where it becomes very thin and difficult to define. Laterally, it is continuous with the pharyngeal aponeurosis. It serves as the insertion for the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini, and the origin for the musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus.
|
|
Two vascular fringes from the lower fold invaginate the roof and form the choroid plexus. The tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle (also known as the triangular lamella) is a double layer of pia mater and ependyma, between the cerebellum and the lower part of the roof of the fourth ventricle. The two layers are continuous with each other in front, and are mostly adherent throughout. The anterior layer of the fold, contains vascular fringes which make up the choroid plexus.
|
|
Ca2+ ions are an essential component of plant cell walls and cell membranes, and are used as cations to balance organic anions in the plant vacuole. The Ca2+ concentration of the vacuole may reach millimolar levels. The most striking use of Ca2+ ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, which use Ca2+ to form the calcium carbonate plates, with which they are covered. Calcium is needed to form the pectin in the middle lamella of newly formed cells.
|
|
The housing shortage in Germany in the 1920s led to the need to build housing as quickly and cheaply as possible. Existing building techniques were improved, procedures rationalised and new ideas developed. In Merseburg, City Planning Councillor Friedrich Zollinger was involved with developing industrial mass production methods for standardised building systems. Using barrel vaults that are constructed by connecting parallel rafters with staggered boards as a reference, Zollinger developed the principle of a diamond lamella roof without planks and rafters.
|
|
The Eagle River Stadium, which seats roughly 2,000 people, was designed by German immigrant architect and engineer Max Hanisch, Sr. and constructed by local volunteers and community residents. Constructed mainly of wood in 1925, it is the first indoor hockey arena built in the state of Wisconsin. The roof framing is a wooden lamella design, using solid-sawn timbers interconnected in a unique honeycomb pattern. The facility is affectionately referred to as "The Dome" because of its dome-like shape.
|
|
Unlike animal cells, almost every plant cell is surrounded by a polysaccharide cell wall. Neighbouring plant cells are therefore separated by a pair of cell walls and the intervening middle lamella, forming an extracellular domain known as the apoplast. Although cell walls are permeable to small soluble proteins and other solutes, plasmodesmata enable direct, regulated, symplastic transport of substances between cells. There are two forms of plasmodesmata: primary plasmodesmata, which are formed during cell division, and secondary plasmodesmata, which can form between mature cells.
|
|
The dorsal surface of the telson bears two pairs of spines, which divide the length of the telson into three parts, the basal of which is slightly the longest, the distal slightly the shortest. The eyes are well developed, have the cornea wider than the stalk, and an ocellus is fused to the cornea. The lamella is approximately of an equal width in the distal half and does not noticeably narrow near the top. A strong external spine is present near the base of the scaphocerite.
|
|
Hornbostel–Sachs does use the term percussion to divide the third-level category directly struck idiophones (111) into percussion idiophones (111.2), those beaten with a hand or beater, such as a suspended cymbal, and concussion idiophones (111.1), those beaten together in pairs such as clash cymbals. The term is also used in a loosely related way to divide reed aerophones (422) into single reed instruments (422.2) with a single 'reed' consisting of a percussion lamella (our emphasis) and double reeds (422.1) also called concussion reeds.
|
|
The shell of Bartrumella is high spired with a well-developed columellar lamella, which gives the appearance of a tooth in the aperture. There are axial ribs and fine spiral sculpture in the form of raised intercostal threads which are only visible through a hand lens or microscope. The spiral sculpture is present on all whorls and on the base. This sculpture is stronger towards the apical side of the whorls, and in that area there are nodules where the spiral and axial sculpture cross.
|
|
This TEM-appearance became famous as Robertson's unit membrane - the basis of all biological membranes, and structure of lipid bilayer in unilamellar liposomes. In multilamellar liposomes, many such lipid bilayer sheets are layered concentrically with water layers in between. Figure 1 Multi-lamellar phase of aqueous lipid dispersions, each white lamella represents a lipid bilayer organization in liposome made by vortex-mixing of dried total lipid extract of spinach thylakoid membranes with distilled water. Phosphotungstic acid negative stained sample viewed with transmission electron microscopy technique.
|
|
Head short, oviform, very convex; snout a little longer than the distance between the eye and the ear-opening and than the diameter of the orbit; forehead not concave; ear-opening small, roundish. Body and limbs short. Digits short, free, with very short distal joints, moderately dilated; 5 or 6 lamella under the inner digits, 7 or 8 under the fourth finger, and 8 or 9 under the fourth toe. Snout covered with keeled granules; the rest of the head with smaller granules intermixed with round tubercles.
|
|
It is white in color, its upper end perforated by an oval hole. The outer margin of the peristome has four long folds within it, of which the columellar and the lower and upper palatal are subequal, the inner end of the latter being strongly bent upward. The suprapalatal fold is smaller and oblique, almost transverse. Above it is a small upper superpalatal fold, which has united with the angle-lamella to form the wall of the respiratory foramen, perforating the end of the lip.
|
|
Collagen fibers in a particular lamella run parallel to each other, but the orientation of collagen fibers within other lamellae is oblique. The collagen fiber density is lowest at the seams between lamellae, accounting for the distinctive microscopic appearance of a transverse section of osteons. The space between osteons is occupied by interstitial lamellae, which are the remnants of osteons that were partially resorbed during the process of bone remodeling. Osteons are connected to each other and the periosteum by oblique channels called Volkmann's canals or perforating canals.
|
|
The primary function of kranz anatomy is to provide a site in which can be concentrated around RuBisCO, thereby avoiding photorespiration. Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are connected through numerous cytoplasmic sleeves called plasmodesmata whose permeability at leaf level is called bundle sheath conductance. A layer of suberin is often deposed at the level of the middle lamella (tangential interface between mesophyll and bundle sheath) in order to reduce the apoplastic diffusion of (called leakage) . The carbon concentration mechanism in plants distinguishes their isotopic signature from other photosynthetic organisms.
|
|
Waterman-Storer, C. & Salmon, E. (1997). Actomyosin-based retrograde flow of microtubules in the lamella of migrating epithelial cells influences microtubule dynamic instability and turnover and is associated with microtubule breakage and treadmilling. The local nature of both fragmentation events likely indicates regulation by katanin because it can be concentrated in specific cellular regions. This is supported by a study that demonstrated that the Fra2 mutation, which affects a katanin orthologue in Arabidopsis thaliana, leads to an aberrant disposition of cellulose microfibrils along the developing cell wall in these plants.
|
|
The school campus consists of nine buildings, of different architectural styles, and includes a stadium with a track and football field. The school's gymnasium, built in 1941, was noted to have a lamella wooden roof that is the only such gymnasium roof known to exist in Arizona. Following the school's closure, portions of the school's former campus served as the site of Phoenix's municipal court, until the courts moved into a new court complex built next to the city hall. The campus now houses the University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix.
|
|
Microfibrils are held together by hydrogen bonds to provide a high tensile strength. The cells are held together and share the gelatinous membrane called the middle lamella, which contains magnesium and calcium pectates (salts of pectic acid). Cells interact though plasmodesmata, which are inter-connecting channels of cytoplasm that connect to the protoplasts of adjacent cells across the cell wall. In some plants and cell types, after a maximum size or point in development has been reached, a secondary wall is constructed between the plasma membrane and primary wall.
|
|
It is also the site from which particles or aggregates attached to the cell surface migrate in a process known as cap formation. ;Structure Structurally, the barbed ends of the microfilaments (localized actin monomers in an ATP-bound form) face the "seeking" edge of the cell, while the pointed ends (localized actin monomers in an ADP-bound form) face the lamella behind. This creates treadmilling throughout the lamellipodium, which aids in the retrograde flow of particles throughout. Arp2/3 complexes are present at microfilament-microfilament junctions in lamellipodia, and help create the actin meshwork.
|
|
Railroad switch on a rack railway. The turnout uses Lamella rack rails, but the overall design was pioneered by Strub. The track outside the turnout uses Riggenbach rack rails. (Schynige Platte Railway, Switzerland) Mount Washington Cog Railway Operators, 2000 An automatic hydraulic turnout of Mount Washington Cog Railway Rack railway switches are as varied as rack railway technologies, for optional rack lines such as the Zentralbahn in Switzerland and the West Coast Wilderness Railway in Tasmania it is convenient to only use switches on sections flat enough for adhesion (for example, on a pass summit).
|
|
It is thought that the natural regrowth of cells in the following days are better able to attach to the basement membrane to prevent recurrence of the condition. Laser PTK has been found to be most effective after epithelial debridement for the partial ablation of Bowman's lamella, which performed prior to PTK in the surgical procedure. This is meant to smoothen out the corneal area that the laser PTK will then treat. In some cases, small-spot PTK, which only treats certain areas of the cornea may also be an acceptable alternative.
|
|
The leaves of Polytrichum and Dawsonia (and related moss) differ from those of most mosses, which are only one or two cells thick. The Polytrichaceae have lamellae – upright sheets of small, photosynthetic cells on the upper surface of the leaves with a function analogous to the mesophyll cells of vascular plant leaves. They increase the surface area of cell walls available for CO2 uptake, while at the same time maintaining layers of moist air between lamellae, reducing water loss. Lamella margins have a surface wax layer which prevents water from flooding into the interlamellar spaces.
|
|
The most common application is to verify the integrity of the gate oxide layer in a CMOS transistor. A single excavation site exposes a cross section for analysis using a scanning electron microscope. Dual excavations on either side of a thin lamella bridge are utilized for preparing transmission electron microscope samples. Giannuzzi, Lucille A., Stevie, Fred A. Introduction to Focused Ion Beams: Instrumentation, Theory, Techniques, and Practice, Springer 2005 – 357 pages Another common use of FIB instruments is for design verification and/or failure analysis of semiconductor devices.
|
|
Both lamellae penetrate inward about one-third of a whorl, being conspicuously nodose at the edges, and there is a very weak continuation to about half a whorl inward. At a point about one-fourth of a whorl inward there is a low, short and blunt columellar lamella and two short basal folds. All or part of these are visible in an oblique view in the aperture, but owing to the opaque texture of the shell they are not visible through the base in specimens examined. The height of the shell is 2.1 mm.
|
|
A single or double layer space frame in the form of a dome, a braced dome is a generic term that includes ribbed, Schwedler, three-way grid, lamella or Kiewitt, lattice, and geodesic domes. The different terms reflect different arrangements in the surface members. Braced domes often have a very low weight and are usually used to cover spans of up to 150 meters. Often prefabricated, their component members can either lie on the dome's surface of revolution, or be straight lengths with the connecting points or nodes lying upon the surface of revolution.
|
|
Lamella clarifiers are unable to treat most raw feed mixtures, which require some pre-treatment to remove materials that could decrease separation efficiency. The feed requires initial processing in advanced fine screening and grit and grease removal to ensure the influent mixture is of an appropriate composition. The layout of the clarifier creates extra turbulence as the water turns a corner from the feed to the inclined plates. This area of increased turbulence coincides with the sludge collection point and the flowing water can cause some re suspension of solids, whilst simultaneously diluting the sludge.
|
|
Both the overflow stream and the underflow stream from a lamella clarifier will often require post-treatment. The underflow stream is often put through a dewatering process such as a thickener or a belt press filter to increase the density of slurry. This is an important post-treatment as the underflow slurry is often not able to be recycled back into the process. In such a case it often needs to be transported to a disposal plant, and the cost of this transport depends on the volume and weight of the slurry.
|
|
A fragmentary bronze lamella discovered on the same site and mentioning both theonym Uni and Thesan (i. e. Latin Juno and Aurora-Mater Matuta) would then allow the inference of the integration of the two deities at Pyrgi: the local Uni-Thesan matronal and auroral, would have become the Iuno Lucina and the Mater Matuta of Rome. The Greek assimilation would reflect this process as not direct but subsequent to a process of distinction. Renard rejects this hypothesis since he sees in Uni and Thesan two distinct deities, though associated in cult.
|
|
It is these lamellae that are the actual sites of gas exchange. Each lamella is equipped with tiny arteries that carry blood in a direction opposite to that of the water flowing over them. To compensate for the relatively low concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater, water passes over the secondary lamellae of sharks some 5% as fast as air that remains in contact with the equivalent gas exchange sites, such as the alveoli of the lungs found in humans. This delay allows sufficient time for dissolved oxygen to diffuse into a shark's blood.
|
|
In plant biology, pectin consists of a complex set of polysaccharides (see below) that are present in most primary cell walls and are particularly abundant in the non- woody parts of terrestrial plants. Pectin is a major component of the middle lamella, where it helps to bind cells together, but is also found in primary cell walls. Pectin is deposited by exocytosis into the cell wall via vesicles produced in the golgi. The amount, structure and chemical composition of pectin differs among plants, within a plant over time, and in various parts of a plant.
|
|
In environments with low water supply, such as in drought or desert conditions, the deposit of tertiary layers in the plant's exodermis can be found up far higher in the apex of the root system. In areas with a high water environment, such as wetlands and in areas that are predominantly anaerobic or hypoxic, plants' exodermis layers were found to develop patchy exodermal layers to aid the diffusion of oxygen into the root system more effectively.Enstone DE, Peterson CA (2005-04-05). "Suberin lamella development in maize seedling roots grown in aerated and stagnant conditions".
|
|
Larger cells, and even tissues, can be prepared for CryoET by thinning, either by cryo-sectioning or by focused ion beam (FIB) milling. In cryo-sectioning, frozen blocks of cells or tissue are sectioned into thin samples with a cryo-microtome. In FIB-milling, plunge- frozen samples are exposed to a focused beam of ions, typically gallium, that precisely whittle away material from the top and bottom of a sample, leaving a thin lamella suitable for ECT imaging. The strong interaction of electrons with matter also results in an anisotropic resolution effect.
|
|
Iophon cheliferum is found in deep water on the continental shelf of South Africa and Namibia, the Agulhas Bank off the southern tip of Africa, the Crozet Islands and Prince Edward Islands. It was first described by Ridley and Dendy from the over 4000 new species collected during the Challenger expedition of 1873-1976 which was the first expedition to study deep water organisms and the ocean depths. A variety, Iophon cheliferum var. californiana de Laubenfels, 1932 is found in the Galapagos Islands and north west Pacific but this has been synonymized with Iophon lamella.
|
|
The octopus has numerous small iridescent white spots on the web, arms and dorsal arm crown but there are no spots present on the mantle. Macroctopus maorum has 12–14 gill lamella per demibranch, the mantle is described as broadly ovoid and exhibits a skin pattern of longitudinal ridges. Along the dorsum there are five rows of unbranched papillae and two more papillae appear individually above the eyes. Octopus papillae are camouflage specialised with the ability to change shape, such as by extending in and out from the body.
|
|
Monolamellar foraminifera secrete test walls which consist of a single layer, while those of bilamellar foraminifera are double-layered with an organic "median layer", sometimes containing sediment particles. In the case of bilamellar foraminifera, the outer layer is referred to as the "outer lamella" whilst the inner layer is referred to as the "inner lining". Monolamellar forams include the Lagenida, while bilamellar forms include the Rotaliida (including the major planktonic subgroup, the Globigerinina). Bilamellar test walls can be further divided into those with septal flaps (a layer of test wall covering the previously-secreted septum) and those lacking septal flaps.
|
|
Hence an efficient dewatering process can result in a substantial cost saving. Where the slurry can be recycled through the process it often needs to be dried, and dewatering again is an important step in this process. The post-treatment required for the overflow stream depends both on the nature of the inlet stream and what the overflow will be used for. For example, if the fluid being put through the lamella clarifier comes from a heavy industrial plant it may require post-treatment to remove oil and grease especially if the effluent is going to be discharged to the environment.
|
|
One variation on the standard design of a lamella clarifier being developed is the way the effluent is collected at the top of the inclined plates. Rather than the effluent flowing over the top of the inclined plates to the outlet channel it flows through orifices at the top of the plates. This design allows for more consistent back pressure in the channels between the plates and hence a more consistent flow profile develops. Obviously this design only works for relatively clean effluent streams as the orifices would quickly become blocked with deposits which would severely reduce the efficiency of the unit.
|
|
This increased surface area allows more oxygen to be in contact with the respiratory surface and therefore diffusion to take place more quickly (as represented by the direct proportionality in the Fick equation). This massive increase in surface area of the gills of the southern bluefin tuna is due to a higher density of secondary lamella in the gill filaments. The southern bluefin tuna, like other tuna species, has a very thin gas-exchange membrane. Tunas have a barrier thickness of 0.5μm, compared with 10μm of dogfish, 5μm of toadfish and less than 5μm of trouts.
|
|
Apart from the larvae of the demoiselles are difficult to distinguish from each other, the apparent differences lie mainly in the bristles and the severity of the tracheal gills on their abdomen. Compared to other damselflies demoiselles larvae fall immediately on the other hand, due to their much shorter mean gill lamella. The body of the larvae shows only a relatively small adjustment to the fast-flowing waters of their habitat. The body is not flattened but very slim and turning around, the legs are long and have its end with strong claws, with which it can be stated in the vegetation.
|
|
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems, therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota.
|
|
Generally speaking, cooling swiftly will leave iron carbide finely dispersed and produce a fine grained pearlite and cooling slowly will give a coarser pearlite. Cooling a hypoeutectoid steel (less than 0.77 wt% C) results in a lamellar-pearlitic structure of iron carbide layers with α-ferrite (nearly pure iron) between. If it is hypereutectoid steel (more than 0.77 wt% C) then the structure is full pearlite with small grains (larger than the pearlite lamella) of cementite formed on the grain boundaries. A eutectoid steel (0.77% carbon) will have a pearlite structure throughout the grains with no cementite at the boundaries.
|
|
The tensor veli palatini is found anterior-lateral to the levator veli palatini muscle. It arises by a flat lamella from the scaphoid fossa at the base of the medial pterygoid plate, from the spina angularis of the sphenoid and from the lateral wall of the cartilage of the auditory tube. Descending vertically between the medial pterygoid plate and the medial pterygoid muscle, it ends in a tendon which winds around the pterygoid hamulus, being retained in this situation by some of the fibers of origin of the medial pterygoid muscle. Between the tendon and the hamulus is a small bursa.
|
|
Share of the Brienz-Rothornbahn-AG, issued 22. February 1892 Diesel train in the summit station Along the route Schwarzfluh tunnel Wellenberg bridge Brienzer Rothorn top station Steam train in Brienz station The Brienz Rothorn Railway (, BRB) is a tourist rack railway in Switzerland, which climbs from Brienz, at the eastern end of Lake Brienz, to the summit of the Brienzer Rothorn. The railway is 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) long, is built to 800 mm gauge ( gauge), and uses the Abt double lamella rack system. Unusual for Switzerland, the line is not electrified, and most trains are operated by steam locomotives.
|
|
The railway was opened on 17 June 1892, after a two years construction period. The two designers, engineer Alexander Lindner and contractor Theo Bertschinger were supported by the mountain railway pioneer Roman Abt, who had responsibility for equipping the line with his newly developed Abt double lamella rack system. The line connected at Brienz with the Brünig railway line, which had been opened in 1888 from Brienz eastwards towards Lucerne. However, the Brünig railway was not extended westward to Interlaken until 1916, so many early travelers to the Rothorn had to arrive by boat service on Lake Brienz.
|
|
Plant cells with visible chloroplasts During the 19th century German scientists led the way towards a unitary theory of the structure and life-cycle of plants. Following improvements in the microscope at the end of the 18th century, Charles Mirbel (1776–1854) in 1802 published his ' and Johann Moldenhawer (1766–1827) published ' (1812) in which he describes techniques for separating cells from the middle lamella. He identified vascular and parenchymatous tissues, described vascular bundles, observed the cells in the cambium, and interpreted tree rings. He found that stomata were composed of pairs of cells, rather than a single cell with a hole.
|
|
The remaining caudals become longer and lower again, and the caudals that formed the fin are as long as high, a condition which is known in only one other species, Platypterygius platydactylus. The first two cervicals, the atlas and axis, are fused together to a single complex, which is wide in rear view. The front section of the dorsal (trunk) vertebral column have the diapophyses (bony sidewards projections) fused to their vertebrae; this also occurs in some other ophthalmosaurids. The centra of the dorsal vertebrae were distinct in being tightly interlocking and having extensive posterolateral lamella.
|
|
Wilting of leaves caused by necrosis of the rachis Small lens-shaped lesion on the bark of stem Large lesion extending along a branch Initially, small necrotic spots (without exudate) appear on stems and branches. These necrotic lesions then enlarge in stretched, perennial cankers on the branches, wilting, premature shedding of leaves and particularly in the death of the top of the crown. Below the bark, necrotic lesions frequently extend to the xylem, especially in the axial and paratracheal ray tissue. The mycelium can pass through the simple pits, perforating the middle lamella but damage to either the plasmalemma or cell walls was not observed.
|
|
Ancient Greek amulet MS 5236 invoking the god Phoebus Apollo. Dating to the 6th century BC, the gold lamella is an early example of a block print. MS 5236 (inventory number of the Schøyen Collection) is an ancient Greek amulet of the 6th century BC, which is unique in two respects: it is the only known magic amulet of the time inscribed with a text that was stamped as opposed to incised, and it is the only extant specimen of ephesia grammata made of gold. The only partially comprehensible inscription is an invocation of the god Phoebus Apollo and may have been composed in central Greece or western Asia Minor.
|
|
The special significance of MS 5236 lies in the way the inscription was created. A close examination shows that a blind-stamping process was used to reproduce the Greek text on the lamella, with a single matrix carrying the whole text. In this, MS 5236 differs fundamentally from other amulets of the time, where the magic formulas were incised by hand, such as with a stylus, into the metal foil. The entire process is reconstructed by Brekle as follows: First, the inscription's text was engraved with an iron stylus into an even copper or bronze block, with its letters facing the opposite direction and running from right to left.
|
|
Species in tribe Odontostomini have the aperture obstructed by internal lamellae, folds or teeth (rarely absent by degeneration); the base is perforate or has an umbilical suture; and the genitalia are extremely lengthened. Jaw either plaited or solid. Odontostomini is clearly a natural group of genera, confined to South America east of the Andes, and with the exception of some species, south of the Amazon. That the whole series had its inception in a form in which the characteristic apertural teeth had already been developed, is demonstrated by the fact that these lamella and folds are clearly homologous throughout the species of the several genera.
|
|
Due to the applicability of this enzyme’s activity on agricultural productivity and commercial success, much of the research on PGs has revolved around the role of PGs in the fruit ripening process, pollen, and abscission. Pectin is one of the three polysaccharides present in the plant cell wall, and it plays a role in maintaining the barrier between the inside and outside environment and gives strength to the plant cell walls. Specifically, pectin in the middle lamella holds neighboring cells together. Fruit ripening The first GM food available in stores was a genetically modified tomato (also known as Flavr Savr) that had a longer shelf life and was ideal for shipping.
|
|
Palaemonella burnsi is a species of shrimp in the family Palaemonidae, from Maui, Hawaii. This species is closest to Palaemonella lata, which it resembles in the broad scaphocerite in which the lamella overreaches the final tooth, and in the unarmed merus of the second pereiopods. It differs from P. lata in the much longer fused part of the two branches of the upper antennular flagellum, in the relatively much longer fingers and shorter palm of the second legs, in the unarmed carpus of the second legs. It is named after John A. Burns, Governor of Hawaii, for declaring the Ahiki Kinau area a nature reserve.
|
|
Barb, "Antaura," especially pp. 2–5; Georg Luck, Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds. A Collection of Ancient Texts (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985, 2nd ed. 2006), p. 281 online; Roy Kotansky, "Jesus and the Lady of the Abyss (Mark 2:25–34): Hieros gamos, Cosmogony, and the Elixir of Life," in Antiquity and Humanity: Essays on Ancient Religion and Philosophy Presented to Hans Dieter Betz on His 70th Birthday (Mohr Siebeck, 2001), p. 100, note 49 online; Roy Kotansky, "An Early Christian Gold lamella for Headache," in Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World (Brill, 2001), pp.
|
|
This form of photophosphorylation occurs on the stroma lamella or fret channels. In cyclic photophosphorylation, the high energy electron released from P700 of PS1 flow down in a cyclic pathway. In cyclic electron flow, the electron begins in a pigment complex called photosystem I, passes from the primary acceptor to ferredoxin and then to plastoquinone, then to cytochrome b6f (a similar complex to that found in mitochondria), and then to plastocyanin before returning to Photosystem-1. This transport chain produces a proton-motive force, pumping H+ ions across the membrane; this produces a concentration gradient that can be used to power ATP synthase during chemiosmosis.
|
|
Enamel tufts are frequently confused with enamel lamellae, which are also enamel defects, but which differ in two ways: lamella are linear, and not branched, and they exist primarily extending from the enamel surface, through the enamel and towards the dentinoenamel junction, whereas enamel tufts project in the opposite direction. Enamel tufts should also not be confused with the similar enamel spindles. Enamel spindles are also linear defects, similar to lamellae, but they too can be found only at the dentinoenamel junction, similar to enamel tufts. This is because they are formed by entrapment of odontoblast processes between ameloblasts prior to and during amelogenesis.
|
|
A Judaeo-Christian reference — nomine domini Iacob, in nomine domini SabaothDe medicamentis 21.2 — appears as part of a magic charm that the practitioner is instructed to inscribe on a lamella, or metal leaf. Such “magic words” often include nonsense syllables and more-or-less corrupt phrases from “exotic” languages such as Celtic, Aramaic, Coptic, and Hebrew, and are not indications of formal adherence to a religion.William M. Brashear, “The Greek Magical Papyri: ‘Voces Magicae’,” Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II, 18.5 (1995), p. 3435; see also David E. Aune, “Magic in Early Christianity: Glossolalia and Voces Magicae,” reprinted in Apocalypticism, Prophecy and Magic in Early Christianity: Collected Essays (2006).
|
|
A further indication for the use of a printing technique is the varying strength of the letters, which suggests that the surface of the lamella was not completely flat during printing. Thus, the outline of the letters, as to be expected with a print, appear in the slightly more elevated regions of the sheet (darker areas in the photo), more distinct than in the slightly deeper regions (lighter areas) that were not affected by the full force of the stamp. This can be observed particularly along the folds and in the last line where the edge of the foil was apparently slightly bent downwards while being printed. Consequently, the impressions of the letters appear less marked here.
|
|
The need for a new works was highlighted in August 2002, when following the 2002 Glasgow floods, the waterborne parasite cryptosporidium was found in the Mugdock reservoir, and 140,000 people had to boil their water before drinking it, until the problem could be eradicated. The construction project for the works was managed by Black & Veatch, and the impact on the landscape was reduced by constructing part of the works below ground, and using lamella clarifiers, which take up less room than sludge cone settlement tanks. The works was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth and won the 2007 Utility Industry Achievement Award, having been completed ahead of its time schedule and for £10 million below its budgeted cost.
|
|
Iridescence is the phenomenon when light interacts with a particular surface, and at differing angles of illumination and observation the color begins to gradually change. The Morpho Menelaus' characteristic iridescent wings has a unique wing structure. The ground scales are covered by a set of longitudinal ridges, and within the ridges are layers of lamella. Because the size of the microstructure is the same as the wavelength of light, the layers in the wings react strongly with visible light. The ground and cover scales have an observable “Christmas-tree” structure which is responsible for the diffraction or bending of light pattern of the wings which results in the characteristic iridescence blue color.
|
|
Around 1520 the community of Santa Maria d'Altiani was part of the Pieve of Rogna in Quà which fell within the bishopric of Aleria. The Pieve of Rogna had about 4,250 inhabitants and its populated places were: Vivario (li Gati, le Murachiole, Arche) Herbajolo, la Valle di Sera, la Fosigia la Lamella, Altiani, lo Petragio, lo Pè di Corte, lo Lunello, Porra, lo Piano Buono, la Petra Serena, Santa Maria de Talsini, Corte, Omessa, Santa Lutia, Tralunca, lo Soarello, and Castirla. In the 18th century part of the Pieve of Rogna was redistributed and took the name of Tavignano. In 1790 it became the canton of Piedicorte-di-Gaggio until its merger with San Lorenzo and Sermano.
|
|
According to some studies, the Casparian strip begins as a localized deposition of phenolic and unsaturated fatty substances in the middle lamella between the radial walls, as partly oxidized films. The primary wall becomes encrusted with and later thickened by deposits of similar substances on the inside of that wall. The encrustation of the cell wall by the material constituting the Casparian strip presumably plugs the pores that would have otherwise allowed the movement of water and nutrients via capillary action along that path. The cytoplasm of the endodermal cell is firmly attached to the Casparian strip so that it does not readily separate from the strip when the cells are subjected to contraction of the protoplasts.
|
|
In front of the lamina papyracea are some broken air cells which are overlapped and completed by the lacrimal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla. A curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha. The medial surface of the labyrinth forms part of the lateral wall of the corresponding nasal cavity. It consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha.
|
|
Parallels to the lore of a child-killing demon forced to confess its secret names occur as historiola or folktales surrounding magic spells, in medieval manuscripts of many languages, including Greek, Coptic, Ethiopian, Armenian, Romanian, Slavonic, Arabic, Syriac, and Hebrew. The earliest examples, dating to the 5th or 6th century are the Aramaic versions of the historiola found as long inscriptions on objects: a silver lamella (metal-leaf sheet) from Palestine AMB, Amulet 15 and two incantation bowls. AMB, Bowl 12a, Jewish National and University Library 4° 6079 and 12b, Metropolitan Museum, No. 86.11.259. In these Aramaic examples, the demon bears the name Sdrws (or Sideros, which in Greek would mean "iron"), and the female victim whose twelve sons are taken is called Smamit ("lizard" or "spider").
|
|
It arises from the external iliac artery, immediately above the inguinal ligament. It curves forward in the subperitoneal tissue, and then ascends obliquely along the medial margin of the abdominal inguinal ring; continuing its course upward, it pierces the transversalis fascia, and, passing in front of the linea semicircularis, ascends between the Rectus abdominis and the posterior lamella of its sheath. It finally divides into numerous branches, which anastomose, above the umbilicus, with the superior epigastric branch of the internal thoracic artery and with the lower intercostal arteries. As the inferior epigastric artery passes obliquely upward from its origin it lies along the lower and medial margins of the abdominal inguinal ring, and behind the commencement of the spermatic cord.
|
|
Natale Conti cites Pausanias in noting that keys are an attribute of Pluto as the scepter is of Jove (Greek Zeus) and the trident of Neptune (Poseidon).Natale Conti, Mythologiae 2.9, edition of 1651, pp. 173–174. A golden key (chrusea klês) was laid on the tongue of initiates by priests at EleusisSophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1051 ("Rites they to none betray, / Ere on his lips is laid / Secrecy's golden key / By their own acolytes, / Priestly Eumolpidae," in the 1912 translation of F. Storr), as cited by Jane Ellen Harrison, introduction to Mythology and Monuments of Ancient Athens, a translation of Pausanias by Margaret de G. Verrall (London, 1890), pp. liv–lv. It is unclear whether a literal key is meant, or a golden lamella (Totenpass).
|
|
If this interpretation is correct, Gallimimus would have been one of the largest known terrestrial filter feeders. In 2005, palaeontologist Paul Barrett pointed out that the lamella-like structures of Gallimimus did not appear to have been flexible bristles like those of filter-feeding birds (as there is no indication of these structures overlapping or being collapsed), but were instead more akin to the thin, regularly spaced vertical ridges in the beaks of turtles and hadrosaurid dinosaurs. In these animals, such ridges are thought to be associated with herbivorous diets, used to crop tough vegetation. Barrett suggested that the ridges in the beak of Gallimimus represented a natural cast of the internal surface of the beak, indicating that the animal was a herbivore that fed on material high in fibre.
|
|
Ancistrocerus campestris on goldenrod Ancistrocerus nigricornis in copula (video, 1m 50s) Ancistrocerus is a widely distributed genus of potter wasps present in many biogeographical regions of the world. They are nonpetiolate eumenine wasps with a transverse ridge at the bending summit of the first metasomal tergum and with a low and opaque propodeal lamella completely fused to the submarginal carina. The name of this genus (meaning "hooked horn" for the back-curved last segments of the antennae characteristic of males of this genus and most other potter wasp genera) has been widely used as root in the construction of many other genus-level names for potter wasps with a nonpetiolated metasoma and normally bearing a transverse ridge on the first metasomal tergum, such as Ancistroceroides, Parancistrocerus, Orancistrocerus, Tachyancistrocerus, etc.
|
|
Externally, the SL 63 and SL 65 were distinguishable from the non-AMG variants by embellishments to their bumper assemblies and side sills in gloss black or polished aluminium, respectively. The SL 63 and SL 65 also featured trademark AMG 'twin lamella' front grilles and dual twin tailpipe exhaust trims as well as a carbon fibre composite trunk lid. A slight revision to the folding 'Vario-roof' hardtop operation meant it would continue to deploy at speeds up to once initiated and the luggage compartment partition, required to prevent the hardtop components, when folded, and any luggage compartment contents coming into contact with each other, no longer had to be deployed in a separate manual operation. Interiors continued virtually unchanged for MY2017 with the exception of slightly revised minor switchgear and a redesigned steering wheel.
|
|
It was initially proposed to erect canvas-covered Bessonneau hangars at the South Camp, but these were rejected in favour of the erection of one large Lamella hangar. North Camp was provided with living quarters and dining facilities for Officers, NCOs and airmen. In September 1932, the airfield was ready to receive personnel under the command of Leslie Runciman, later Viscount Runciman. The Auxiliary pilots and groundcrew of No 607 squadron came from all walks of life locally and were trained by a nucleus of regular RAF personnel, including 2 Qualified Flying Instructors. The following month the first aircraft, a DH Gipsy Moth and two Avro 504N trainers, arrived for flying training to commence. In December 1932, the first operational equipment for the squadron, the Westland Wapiti day bomber, arrived.
|
|
Externally, the SL63 and SL65 were distinguishable from the non-AMG variants by embellishments to their bumper assemblies and side sills in gloss black or polished aluminium, respectively. The SL63 and SL65 also featured trademark AMG 'twin lamella' front grilles and dual twin tailpipe exhaust trims as well as a carbon fibre composite trunk lid. A slight revision to the folding 'Vario-roof' hardtop operation meant it would continue to deploy at speeds up to 25 mph (40 km/h) once initiated and the luggage compartment partition, required to prevent the hardtop components, when folded, and any luggage compartment contents coming into contact with each other, no longer had to be deployed in a separate manual operation. Interiors continued virtually unchanged for MY2017 with the exception of slightly revised minor switchgear and a redesigned steering wheel.
|
|
In 1986, Pegler and Young proposed a classification for Oudemansiella based largely on spore structure, but they excluded O. macrospora, considering it a species of Amanita. Geoff Ridley examined Stevenson's holotype material and reduced L. macrosporus to synonymy with A. australis in 1993, explaining: > The size, shape and amyloid reaction of the spores, the dimensions of the > basidia, the presence of clamp connections and lamella margin cells indicate > that this is Amanita australis Stevenson and easily fits into the concept of > this taxon. ... Macroscopically the specimen lacks the typical pronounced > basal bulb to the stipe and volva remnants on the pileus; however, it is not > an unknown condition in this taxon. Although Stevenson originally placed the species in Amanita section Phalloideae because of a perceived similarity to A. citrina, it is now classified in section Validae; many species in this section have bulbous stem bases.
|
|
If the post-synaptic cell is a sensory neuron, then an increased firing rate in that neuron will transmit the signal to the central nervous system for integration. Whereas, if the post- synaptic cell is a connective pillar cell or a vascular smooth muscle cell, then the serotonin will cause vasoconstriction and previously unused lamellae will be recruited through recruitment of more capillary beds, and the total surface area for gas exchange per lamella will be increased. In fish, the hypoxic signal is carried up to the brain for processing by the glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX) and vagus (cranial nerve X) nerves. The first branchial arch is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX); however all four arches are innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X). Both the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves carry sensory nerve fibres into the brain and central nervous system.
|
|
Spells from the Greek Magical Papyri often require the insertion of a leaf — an actual leaf, a papyrus scrap, the representation of a leaf in metal foil, or an inscribed rectangular lamella (as described above) — into the mouth of a corpse or skull, as a means of conveying messages to and from the realms of the living and the dead. In one spell attributed to Pitys the Thessalian, the practitioner is instructed to inscribe a flax leaf with magic words and to insert it into the mouth of a dead person.Greek Magical Papyri IV.2140–44; Daniel Ogden, Greek and Roman Necromancy (Princeton University Press 2001), pp. 211–215. The insertion of herbs into the mouth of the dead, with a promise of resurrection, occurs also in the Irish tale "The Kern in the Narrow Stripes," the earliest written version of which dates to the 1800s but is thought to preserve an oral tradition of early Irish myth.
|
|
On core jakobids and excavate taxa: The ultrastructure of Jakoba incarcerata. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 48(4), 480-492. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00183.x.. The anterior flagella are usually shorter than the body length while the posterior flagella are usually more than twice longer than the cell; the posterior flagella of S. incarcerata are generally shorter, usually about 1.5 times the cell length The anterior flagellum of S. incarcerata has single root made of two slightly separated microtubules, which originates close to the anterior basal body in the ventral, posterior end.. The posterior flagellum has two main microtubular roots: the left one is associated with three different non- microtubular fibres as well as a composite fibre, and the right one of one type. In addition, a singlet “root” circles the posterior basal body and supports the shape of the groove A dorsal vane attaches on the posterior flagellum, which is supported by a paraxonemal lamella that originates near the axoneme.. The axoneme is composed of the typical eukaryotic 9 x 2 motif.
|
|