With involute orchestration and levitative harmonies weaving like gothic flying buttresses, Grizzly Bear can risk indulging in ornamental complexity that can snuff the emotion out.
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In this show you'll find not only Tiepolo's preparatory paintings and drawings, but also vintage photographs of the completed frescoes, which were each embedded in involute stucco molds.
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I also wanted my poetry to champion the femme, the elaborate, the playful, the serifed, the feathered, the self-consciously involute, the magenta and the chartreuse, even the ornamental: ruffles, dessert.
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Several daguerreotypes here foreground the ornament and patterning of Egyptian buildings; this one captures every edge of the involute roof of a 16th-century mosque, festooned with knotty hearts and flowers.
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The Bibles and ritual books here are testament to a relatively literate medieval society, one with its own Christian identity, and one that used (and still uses) its own involute alphabet, developed in 405 by the cleric and scholar now known as St. Mesrop Mashtots'.
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The Textor TS700-UB high speed involute blade slicer doesn't have a name that rolls off the tongue, but when coupled with a powered conveyor belt (you don't really need that dining room table, do you?) it can turn massive slabs of pork, or long sticks of sausage, into perfectly sliced and stacked deli meats using a blade that spins at 2,000 RPM.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 223th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 18th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths, and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 18th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 27710th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths, and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 2215th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 599th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 2023th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 215555th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 57013th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 1283th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 24963th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 2027th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 219400th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 2129th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 2128th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 21212th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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These massive wooden crests — in the form of stylized human faces with vast vertical brows — served as markers of royal power among the Bamileke peoples of the Cameroonian grasslands, and the Met's recent acquisition of an 21202th-century specimen is joined here by three later examples, each featuring sharply protruding cheeks, broadly smiling mouths and brows incised with involute geometric patterns.
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If the diameter of this rolling circle is chosen to be infinitely large, a straight line is obtained. The resulting cycloid is then called an involute and the gear is called an involute gear. In this respect involute gears are only a special case of cycloidal gears.
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In the 18th century involute gears, another mathematical derived design, came into use. Involute gears are better for meshing gears of different sizes than epicycloidal. Gear cutting machines came into use in the 18th century.
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These cycad leaves are produced by involute vernation. In involute vernation both margins on opposing sides of the leaf are rolled up towards the upper (axial) surface of the leaf, forming two tubes that may meet at the midrib of the leaf.
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Clypeoceras is a genus of ammonites with an involute discoidal shell from the Lower Triassic.
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Gryponautilus, from the Upper Triassic, is more strongly involute and has a sharply keeled venter.
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While some members are involute and some Oxynoticeratidae were oxycone, most of the species were evolute.
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Two involutes (red) of a parabola In mathematics, an involute (also known as an evolvent) is a particular type of curve that is dependent on another shape or curve. An involute of a curve is the locus of a point on a piece of taut string as the string is either unwrapped from or wrapped around the curve. It is a class of curves coming under the roulette family of curves. The evolute of an involute is the original curve.
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Tornoceratids in which the Falcitornoceratinae are included are involute, subdiscoidal, with sutures that form 6 to 10 lobes.
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The shell of Hyperlioceras is very compressed and involute, with a tall persistent keel and a deep umbilicus.
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Both are subglobular and involute with a reniform whorl section. Ephippioceras has been found in North America, Europe, and China.
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Fissilobiceras is a smooth, compressed, involute ammonite from the lower Middle Jurassic of Europe, named by Buchman in 1919. It is assigned to the hildoceratoid family, Hammatoceratidae. Fissilobiceras is similar to Shirbuirnia, except primarily for being more involute and having complex sutures. More of the inner whorls show in Shirbuirnia and its sutures are simple.
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The High Flux Isotope Reactor uses involute-shaped fuel elements, since these allow a constant-width channel between them for coolant.
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Petitclercia is a genus of molluscs from the strigoceratid subfamily Disticocratinae which are included in the ammonitid superfamily Haplocerataceae. Petitclercia, named by Rollier, 1909. The shell of Petitclercia is involute, very compressed, with a sharp umbilical angle and sharp fastigate venter. Spath (1928)speculated that Petitclercia is perhaps "an involute development of Chanasia", another of the Distichoceratinae.
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Shells of Progeronia species can reach a diameter of . These large shell are large and involute, with a bifurcated or trifurcated ribs.
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It is easily distinguished from the other species in the genus by its short ligules (less than 6 mmm long) and involute leaves.
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New leaves in the bud are usually involute (rolled towards the upper surface) or conduplicate (folded upwards), but a few species roll downwards.
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Collateralization differs from angiogenesis in that several blood vessels supply one vascular bed and these vessels are maintained (one does not involute/regress).
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The last three genera are from the Triassic, none having crossed from the Permian. Grypoceras, given simply a Triassic, is like Domatoceras but tending to be more involute and to have more rounded ventral shoulders. Menuthionautilus from the Lower Triassic has a rapidly expanding, smooth involute shell with a deep dorsal impression, broadly convex flanks and rounded venter, suture with a shallow ventral lobe and siphuncle positioned against the venter. Gryponautilus from the Upper Triassic is broadly involute with a narrowly rounded, keel-like venter at maturity and shallow ventral and lateral lobes in the suture.
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Revolute vernation is the opposite of involute vernation: the margins of the leaf are rolled up towards the under (abaxial) surface of the leaf.
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Shells of Calycoceras asiaticum may reach a diameter of about . The larger phragmocones may reach in diameter. Coiling is moderately involute. All ribs show strong subspinose tubercles.
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A shell of Haminoea zelandiae These bubble snails have thin, inflated shells ranging in shape from ovoid to flat and oval. They have an involute (sunken) spire.
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Found in Kansas, Montana, and Turkmenistan. :Binneyites Reeside, 1917 \- Shells very involute, venter flat. Ventrolateral ornament stronger than on Borrisjakoceras. First found in the Coniacean of Wyoming.
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Juvenile forms tend to be more evolute with more of the inner whorls showing, whereas mature forms tend to be more involute with outer whorls more strongly embracing.
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Cheiloceras is a subglobular to thickly lenticular goniatite with a closed umbilicus from the Upper Devonian and type genus for the Cheiloceratidae.GONIAT-Cheiloceras entry Cheiloceras is sometimes split into at least three subgenera. Cheiloceras (Cheiloceras) has evolute juvenile stages, the umbilicus closing later, while C. (Compactoceras) is subglobular with involute whorls in the early stage, later becoming compressed in form, and C. (Puncticeras) is involute in all stages. Eucheiloceras is another name for C. (Cheiloceras).
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Bradfordia is a moderately involute to involute genus included in the ammonoid cephalopod family Oppeliidae, coiled so that the outer whorl encloses most, or much, of the previous, but with a small umbilicus exposing inner whorls. The shell is compressed, whorl height much greater than width, extending well out from the contact with the adjacent inner whorl. Outer flanks are finely ribbed and the rounded venter is smooth. Bradfordia lived during the Middle Jurassic.
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Generation of the involute of the cycloid unwrapping a tense wire placed on half cycloid arc (red marked) The involute of the cycloid has the property of being exactly the same cycloid it originates from. This can otherwise be seen from the tip of a wire initially lying on a half arc of cycloid describing a cycloid arc equal to the one it was lying on once unwrapped (see also cycloidal pendulum and arc length).
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Puccinellia lucida is a green, loosely cespitose grass growing tall. It has cauline leaves with flaccid, involute blades. Its basal leaf sheaths can be somewhat purple. Its acute ligule is long.
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The family Dactylioceratidae comprises Early Jurassic ammonite genera with ribbed and commonly tuberculate shells that resembled later Middle Jurassic stephanoceratids and Upper Jurassic perisphinctids. Shells may be either evolute or involute.
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For oil cooling the engine has an involute heat exchanger or a shell and tube heat exchanger. Shell and tube heat exchangers are found mostly in engines for the IFA W50.
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The notions of the involute and evolute of a curve were introduced by Christiaan Huygens in his work titled Horologium oscillatorium sive de motu pendulorum ad horologia aptato demonstrationes geometricae (1673).
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Mazapilitinae is a subfamily of Upper Jurassic ammonites included in the Oppeliidae. Shells are involute; venter rounded or gently tabulate; ribbing coarse, fold-like, branching.W.J. Arkell et al., 1957 Mesozoic Ammonoidea.
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The suture is with ventral and dorsal lobes, the siphuncle very close to the venter. Carlloceras has a moderately involute shell with a compressed trapezoidal whorl section, nearly flat ventral and lateral areas, and slight dorsal impression. The suture has a ventral saddle and broad lateral lobe and the siphuncle is small and near the venter. Diorugoceras is very involute and smooth, with a compressed whorl section with broad, slightly convex flanks that converge toward a concave venter.
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For this reason, nearly all modern gear teeth bear the involute shape.V. G. A. Goss (2013) "Application of analytical geometry to the shape of gear teeth", Resonance 18(9): 817 to 31 Springerlink (subscription required). Mechanism of a scroll compressor The involute of a circle is also an important shape in gas compressing, as a scroll compressor can be built based on this shape. Scroll compressors make less sound than conventional compressors and have proven to be quite efficient.
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Puccinellia laurentiana has solitary or somewhat tufted culms growing high. Its leaves are cauline with involute blades long. Basal leaf sheaths can be somewhat white. Its ligules are long and somewhat acute.
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More closely resembles other Lyelliceratid genera except for the suture. U Albian, France. :Neosynoceras Breistroffer, 1947 \- A dwarf, involute, globular form with sharp umbilical, ventrolateral, and siphonal (mid ventral) tubercles. L Cenomanian.
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Ammonites belonging to this genus have small shells. Coiling is involute to sphaerocone. Rounded subtrapezoid whorl section has maximum width at the shoulder. Umbilicus is deep and venter is broad and convex.
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Parahoplitidae is an extinct family of Cretaceous ammonites with stoutly ribbed, compressed, generally involute shells lacking or with only minor tubercles included in the Deshayestoidea, a superfamily now separated from the Hoplitacaceae.
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Its shell is generally subglobular, variably involute with a rounded whorl section. Sides and venter bear conspicuous ribs. The suture is only slightly sinuous and the siphuncle position is variable.Bernhard Kummel, 1964.
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The plant is perennial and is caespitose as well. The culms are long while the leaf-sheaths scaberulous and tubular. Eciliate membrane is long. Leaf-blades are either flat or involute and are wide.
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The internal shell in general thin, slightly convex, ovate and white. The apex of the shell is forming a small point at the right side and near the posterior end. The shell is not involute.
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Magharina small upper Bajocian genus of ammonite (order Ammonitida) with a small smooth involute shell having a single keel along the venter and extremely simple sutures. Found in Egypt. The type species is M. magharensis.
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Oxydiscites is a genus of ammonites from the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian included in the Ochetoceratinae, Oppeliidae. The shell is involute, compressed, with a minute umbilicus, sharp venter with a tall finely toothed keel, and faloid ribbing.
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Coilopoceras is a compressed, involute, lenticular ammonitid from the Cretaceous (Albian to Turonian),Coilopoceras at Fossilworks.org with a narrow venter and raggedy ammonitic suture; type of the Coilopoceratidae, a family in the Acanthoceratoidea of the suborder Ammonitina.
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Involute shells that have compressed whorl section and strong keel. Umbilical walls can be vertical or undercut. There is huge size dimorphism. While adult microconchs are 16-49mm in diameter, adult macroconchs are 85-200mm in diameter.
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Vulpia elliotea is an erect grass, growing up to in height. Its leaf sheaths are glabrous, and its blades are typically glabrous though they can be scabrous above. The involute blades are wide. The inflorescence is long.
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Shells of this species could reach a diameter of about . They are discoidal, involute and compressed. Whorls are stout and rounded to diameter of 3 millimeters. The surface of fossils is usually covered by opalized nacre (ammolite).
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In anatomy, a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system, is prevalent in 0.3% of the population, and an embryologic remnant that results from a failure to involute.
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Stenopopanoceras is a genus of involute, discoidal ceratitid ammonites from the Middle Triassic that has been found on Spitsbergen and in arctic Russia and British Columbia. The name, Stenopopanoceras, indicates that its shell as compressed, relatively thin; involute as for the family. The siphuncle is ventral throughout, unlike Parapopanoceras where in the siphuncle starts off more centrally located and migrates within the first few whorls to become ventral. Septal necks start off retrochoanitic, pointing to the rear, but by the beginning of the third whorl are prochoanitic, forward pointing.
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The involute has some properties that makes it extremely important to the gear industry: If two intermeshed gears have teeth with the profile-shape of involutes (rather than, for example, a traditional triangular shape), they form an involute gear system. Their relative rates of rotation are constant while the teeth are engaged. The gears also always make contact along a single steady line of force. With teeth of other shapes, the relative speeds and forces rise and fall as successive teeth engage, resulting in vibration, noise, and excessive wear.
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L. turpis Marcel Bon: "The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe" Hodder & Stoughton ., also available in English. The cap is normally in diameter. At first it has an involute margin and a somewhat depressed centre.
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Trachyceratid shells are more or less involute and highly ornamented. They have their whorl sides covered with flexious ribs that are usually tuberculate. The venters generally have a median furrow bordered by rows of tubercles or continuous keels.
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Mojvaroceras is a tainoderatid genus, like Metacoceras and its direct evolutionary descendant, differing in being slightly more involute and having a lobe on the inner, dorsal, side. It is known from Triassic sediments in Eurasia and western North America.
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Forbesiceras is an ammonite that lived during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Shells are moderately large, reaching diameters of 33 cm (13 in)or so, forming smooth, involute oxycones with narrow or sharp rims and closed umbilici.
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Bistrialites is an involute, globose Clydonautilacean belonging to the Liroceratidae with a reniform whorl section, large funnel shaped umbilicus, smooth surface except for spiral ornament in the region of the umbilical shoulder. Bistrialites comes from the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) of Europe.
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Cosmonautilus is a genus of cephalopods included in the nautilid family Clydonautilidae. Its shell is involute, with only the outer whorl exposed. Early whorls are with nodes on ventral shoulder, which disappear on the later growth staged. Later whorls are smooth.
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The lower sterile floret of the lemma is ovate and is 1 length of a spikelet which is also emarginate, membranous and mucronate. The fertile lemma is coriaceous, keelless, oblong, shiny and is long with involute margins and acute apex.
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Classification of Jurassic Ammonitina. The Ammonoidea. Systematics Association special volume 18. Shells of hammatoceratoids are variably evolute or involute, ribbed at least in the early growth stage; cross section typically compressed (higher than wide); venter commonly with a median keel.
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Involuticeras is a perisphinctoid ammonite belonging to the Aulacostephanininae from the Upper Jurassic of Europe and possibly Mexico. The shell is involute, moderately compressed, with a rounded and ribbed venter. The genus is similar in general form to Aulacostephanus and Epicephalites.
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Truyolsoceras is an Upper Devonian ammonite (subclass Ammonoidea) included in the goniatitid subfamily Aulatornoceratinae. The shell is involute, lenticular, with a narrow umbilicus and moderately high aperture. The adventitious lobe of the suture, which lies between the ventral and lateral lobes, is rounded.
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Parapuzosia bradyi is a gigantic species of ammonite, reaching diameters of more than by . It is the largest species of ammonite in North America. It had a moderately involute shell with flat sides. The inner whorls are slightly oval-shaped with prominent ribbing.
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Tylodicoceras is a genus of the Koninckioceratidae (Cephalopoda, Nautiloid) from the Devonian thru Mississippian of North America with a large, slightly involute,ea discoidal shell that is rounded laterally and concave ventrally. Their sides bear a single row with large rounded nodes.
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Streblitinae is a subfamily of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous ammonites within the family Oppeliidae characterized by compressed, involute shells; typically oxycones with complex sutures. Includes Streblites, Pseudoppelia, and Substreblites. Derivation is from the Taramelliceratinae. May have given rise to the Aconiceratinade.
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Shells of Harpoceras species show strong dimorphism in their size. While microconchs reach 24–51 mm in diameter, macroconchs shells width is 115–430 mm. They are moderately evolute to involute and compressed. Whorl sides are flat and there is strong keel.
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Austrotrachyceras is a genus belonging to the extinct subclass of cephalopods known as ammonites. Specifically it belongs in the order Ceratitida. The family to which Austrotrachyceras belongs, the Trachyceratidae, has more or less involute, highly ornamented shells and ceratitic to ammonitic sutures.
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Involute gear cutter – number 4: 10 diametrical pitch cutter Cuts gears from 26 through to 34 teeth 14.5 degree pressure angle There are 8 cutters (excluding the rare half sizes) that will cut gears from 12 teeth through to a rack (infinite diameter).
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Aristida basiramea is an annual grass and freely branches from the base, reaching in height. The wiry culms are sparingly branched. The narrow leaves of the grass are flat and become involute towards their tip. The panicles are borne in the basal sheathes.
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Fossil shell of Calliphylloceras spadae. Museum specimen Calliphylloceras has a smooth, compressed involute shell with a rounded venter and periodic constrictions in the internal mold; surface covered with lirae as in Phylloceras. The first and 2nd lateral saddles are usually triphyllic, others diphyllic.
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The smooth shell of Bulla is ovate and expanded, with a deep, sunken involute top. Since there is little difference between the shells and in the morphology of the radular teeth, there is some uncertainty about the exact taxonomy of the species in Bulla.
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Indonautilus is an involute nautilid from the Middle and Upper Triassic. (Anisian-Norian), with a small or occluded umbilicus and subrectangular whorl section belonging to the Liroceratidae (Clydonaulilaceae). Flanks are slightly bowed, converging on a flattened venter. Ventro-lateral shoulders are narrowly rounded or angular.
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Epicephalites is a perisphictid ammonite, included in the subfamily Aulacostephaninae, from the Upper Jurassic of New Zealand and Mexico, related to Involuticeras. Its shell is involute, whorls inflated with a deep umbilicus. The outer half including the venter is ribbed, the inner half is smooth.
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The species is perennial and caespitose, with elongated rhizomes. Its culms are long with scabrous leaf-sheaths. It eciliate membrane is long and is also lacerated and obtuse. The leaf-blades are involute and are long by wide with its surface being pubescent and hairy.
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Graphoceras is an extinct ammonite genus included in the hildoceratacean family Graphoceratidae that lived during the Aalenian and Bajocian stages, Middle Jurassic in what is now Europe, north Africa, and Iran. Graphoceras produced a compressed, involute shell with a raised umbilical edge and sinuous ribbing.
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Eutrephoceras dorbignyanum Eutrephoceras dekayi from the Coon Creek Formation Eutrephoceras is an extinct genus of nautilus from the Late Jurassic to the Miocene (around 161 to 5 million years ago). They are characterized by a highly rounded involute shell with slightly sinuous suture patterns.
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Procymatoceras is a nautiloid cephalopod from the Middle Jurassic with a large, tightly involute, rapidly expanding shell. Early, inner, whorls are round in cross section. Later, outer, whorls, and mature living chamber are flattened on the sides and venter. Surface covered with sinuous ribs.
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Paranautilus is a genus of the Nautiloid family Liroceratidae with a very involute, moderately globular, smooth shell. The venter, at the outer rim, is arched, grading into broadly convex flanks. The dorsom, on the inner rim, is deeply impressed. Septa a close spaced, with slightly sinuous sutures.
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Placenticeras has a very involute shell with slightly convex sides and a very narrow venter. Side are smooth or with faint sinuous ribs. Early whorls have umbilical tubercles that in later whorls appear higher on the sides. Earlier whorls normally have lower and fine upper ventrolateral clavi.
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It is considered by some to be a subgenus of Scaphites. Like Scaphites the shell of Hoploscaphites is involute with the final whorl projecting forward and curved back on itself. Shells vary from compressed to inflated with convex sides. Tubercles normally present may be sparse or absent.
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Ammonites belonging to this family had shells with sphaeroconic involute inner whorls that later during ontogeny become evolute and last whorl is highly eccentric. They were small and mostly less than 2 cm in diameter. Venter is smooth, fastigate or rounded. There was constriction on aperture.
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The shell is ovate, involute, a little contracted and truncate behind, rounded in front, whitish and thin. The aperture is subcircular behind, ovate in front, elongated, dilated, margins approximating toward the posterior terminations. The inner lip is smooth and thin. The outer lip a little inflexed behind.
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Thuringionautilus is a genus of large, moderately involute, nautiloids from the nautilid family Tainoceratidae. The whorl section is subquadrate, flanks slightly convex, venter broad with a median furrow. Ventral shoulders, narrowly rounded to subangular; umbilical shoulders, broadly rounded. Longitudinal nodes slope diagonally backwards on the venter toward the furrow.
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Falcitornoceratinae is one of three subfamilies of the Tornoceratidae family, a member of the Goniatitida order. Shells produced are extremely involute and have no umbilicus. Young and intermediate whorls have ventrolateral grooves. The adventitious lobe, which develops ontogenetically between the external, or ventral, and lateral lobes, is widely rounded.
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Quasicravenoveras is characterized by a moderately large, variably involute, subdiscoidal shell, or conch. The surface is covered with sharp lamella that can appear as narrow ribs. The sides of the ventral lobe are divergent, separated by a short median saddle Related genera include Cravenoceras, Cravenoceratoides, Emstites, and 'Gorboviceras.
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Next to appear is the Lower Cretaceous Strionautilus from India and the European ex-USSR, named by Shimankiy in 1951. Strionautilus is compressed, involute, with fine longitudinal striations. Whorl sections are subrectangular, sutures sinuous, the siphuncle subcentral. Also from the Cretaceous is Pseudocenoceras, named by Spath in 1927.
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The ovate lemmas are long and profusely pubescent on their lower nerves. The palea are lanceolate and scabrous above. The grass typically flowers from July into early August. P. laurentiana resembles Puccinellia coarctata and Puccinellia vaginata, but differs from both in its abruptly acuminate whitish lemmas and stiff involute leaves.
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Gryponautilus is a genus of Upper Triassic nautilids (generally coiled nautiloid cephalopods) belonging to the trigonoceratacean family Grypoceratidae, characterized by involute, inflated shells, which at maturity develop narrowly rounded keel-like venters. Venters on inner whorls are truncated and broadly convex to concave. Immature forms bear a resemblance to Grypoceras.
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Dimorphoceratidae is one of two families included in the Dimorphoceratoidea, a superfamily of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Goniatitida that lived during the Late Paleozoic. They are dimorphocerataceans in which the external lateral lobes and prongs of the ventral lobe are bifid. The shells are strongly involute, subdiscoidal to lenticular.
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Pachyceras is a genus of perisphinctoid ammonites from the Middle Jurassic, upper Callovian stage, and is the type genus for the family Pachyceratidae. The shell is involute, subglobular, with a deep umbilicus and flattened flanks that slope toward a more narrowly rounded venter, and covered by low, widely spaced ribs.
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Neoptychites includes extremely involute Ammonitida whose outer whorls have a high triangular section with a moderately rounded venter (the outer rim). Tho body chamber in adults is generally smooth, with a constricted aperture. The earliest whorls are smooth except for periodic constrictions; later juvenile whorls have numerous low ribs without tubercles.
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The evolute of a hypocycloid is an enlarged version of the hypocycloid itself, while the involute of a hypocycloid is a reduced copy of itself. The pedal of a hypocycloid with pole at the center of the hypocycloid is a rose curve. The isoptic of a hypocycloid is a hypocycloid.
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The Haloritidae is a family of subglobular, involute, Triassic ammonoids belonging to the ceratitid superfamily Tropitaceae. Their shells may be smooth or may have ribs that cross or are interrupted on the venter, and may have nodes. Keels and ventral furrows are not typical. The last volution is commonly eccentric.
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Sageceras, type genus of the Sageceratidae, is described as having lenticular shells with flattened bicarinate venters and small umbilici. Sutures form numerous subequal auxiliary and adventitious lobes. Hedenstroemiidae are described as having discoidal, compressed, generally smooth, involute shells with tabulate to oxynote venters. Suture are ceratitic with adventitious saddles and lobes.
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The Ptychitidae is a family of ceratitid ammonites (ammonites sensu lato). They are combined with the Eosagenitidae and Sturiidae in the superfamily Ptychitaceae. Ptychitid genera have compressed, involute shells in which the inner whorls are covered by the outermost, that may be ribbed or smooth, and ammonitic sutures with secondary elements.
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Styrionautilus is a genus of nautiloids and first of the Clydonautilidae with a range extending from the Middle Triassic, Anisian to the Upper Triassic, Norian. Its fossils found in North America (Nevada), Europe, and Timor. In general form Styrionautilus is similar to other clydonautilids, smooth and involute. The suture however is more primitive.
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Heminautilus has a discoidal compressed involute shell with flanks converging on a narrow flattened outer margin, the venter. Whorls are higher than wide. The suture is sinuous with a ventral lobe, subtriangular saddles on the ventral shoulders, broad lateral lobes, and narrow rounded saddles on the umbilical shoulders. The siphuncle is subcentral.
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Hercoglossidae is a family of Nautilid in the superfamily Nautilaceae. It was established by Spath in 1927 for smooth, involute nautiloids characterized by a suture with differentiated elements, known from the Upper Jurassic to the Oligocene. Hercoglossa danica fossil Four genera are described in the Treatise. They are Hercoglossa, Aturoidea, Cimonia, and Deltoidonatilus.
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Uralopronorites is a genus of very involute and smooth, medium-sized, prolecanitids with a distinct furrow along the venter and closed umbilicus. The adult suture has 22 lobes in all, 18 of which, nine on either side, are umbilical. Uralopronorites comes from the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian equivalent) of Kazakhstan. It is an ammonite.
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Saul, L.R. & C.J. Stadum (2005). Fossil argonauts (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopodida) from Late Miocene siltstones of the Los Angeles Basin, California. Journal of Paleontology 79(3): 520–531. The shell is discoidal and very involute, with rapidly expanding and compressed whorls, fine radial ribs, a rounded venter with a shallow furrow, and almost closed umbilicus.
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Meekoceras is characterized by a compressed, discoidal, evolute or involute shell with flattened sides and narrow, flattened or rounded venter that is without keels or furrows. The surface is smooth or with lateral folds, but no tubercles, spines, or spiral ridges. Umbilicus variable, body chamber short. Sutures ceratitic with smooth rounded saddles and serrated lobes.
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Sturia is a genus of ceratitid ammonoids from the Lower Triassic with an ammonitic suture. Sturia produced a robust, laterally compressed, high whorled, involute shell; whorls strongly embracing. the surface is without ribs or constructions but does have sharp spiral lines. the suture is ammonitic, deeply digitate; lobes and saddles narrowly V-shaped overall.
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The caps of the fruit bodies are between wide, with a convex shape and a villous, involute margin. The cap surface is covered with dark grey to black erect scales. The stipe is up to long and thick. It is coloured like the cap and has a woolly surface and a thick, ascending annulus.
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Darvasiceras was a prolecanitid ammonoid cephalopod from the Early or Lower Permian Chelamchin Formation of Tajikistan. The genus is included in what is now the superfamily Medlicottioidea. The type species is Darvisciceras minum. The shell of Darvasiceras is discoidal, moderately involute in adult stages; the venter narrow, smooth, and flat; the umbilicus shallow and small.
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Leaf-blades could be either filiform or linear and sometimes even involute or convolute depending on the gender. The leaves themselves are long and wide. As with leaf-sheaths the leaf-blades are also pilose but hairy sometimes on one side or on both (depending on the gender). The leaf-blade margins are always ciliated.
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The pitcher mouth is ovate, horizontal, and acute towards the lid. It bears a cylindrical or involute peristome (≤4 mm wide) with indistinct teeth spaced 0.25 to 0.5 mm apart. The inner portion of the peristome accounts for around 45% of its total cross-sectional surface length.Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012.
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Clydonautilus is a genus of nautiloids and type for the Clydonautilidae that has been found in the Upper Triassic of Europe, India, and Timor. Its type is C. noricus. Clydonautilus is the most derived of the Clydonautilitidae, evidenced in its suture. The shell itself is smooth and involute, with only the outer whorl exposed.
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Trachynautilus is a member of the Tainoceratidae, named by Mojsisovics in 1902, with longitudinal ridges on the flanks of its high-arched involute shell. Phloiocedas from the Upper Triassic of North America is similar except that its venter also has longitudinal ridges. Trachynautilus from the middle and Upper Triassic of Europe has a smooth venter.
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Phlycticeratinae is an ammonite subfamily included in the Oppeliidae established for the genus Phlycticeras. Although there seems to be some affinity with Stephanoceratoidea it is most likely descended from some bathonian member of the Oppeliinae. The genus Phlycticeras is involute, feebly but coarsely ribbed, tuberculate, strongly strigate, with serrated keel and moderately complex sutures.
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Carinonautilus is a genus from the Upper Cretaceous of India, named by Spengler in 1919. Carinonautilus is a very involute form with high whorl section and flanks that converge on a narrow venter that bears a prominent rounded keel. The umbilicus is small and shallow, the suture only slightly sinuous. The siphuncle is unknown.
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Members of the genus Passerina are ericoid shrubs or shrublets, often with a tendency to having pendulous branches. Their leaves are markedly decussate. They are concave or closely involute, lined with woolly hairs, and cling to leafy stems without being large enough to cover them. This gives the plants a characteristic plaited or corded appearance.
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Hebetoxyites is a genus of ammonoid cephalopod from the middle part of the Bajocian stage, middle Jurassic, included in the Strigoceratidae, Haplocerataceae. The shell is oxyconic, with a sharp rim but no keel, and involute, with the inner whorls hidden. The umbilicus is very small. Sides have a spiral ridge but are not striate.
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Aulacaganides is monospecific genus of a Middle Permian ammonite belonging to the goniatitid family Pseudohaloritidae. Fossils belonging to this genera were found in Hunan province of China. This genus has small, involute and thickly discoidal shell with central siphuncle. Venter is rounded with gently convex lateral sides and has ventrolateral sulcus on each side.
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Lagenandra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is endemic to the Indian Subcontinent (Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and India).Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The genus is similar to Cryptocoryne, but can be distinguished from it by its involute vernation. Cryptocoryne on the other hand exhibit convolute vernation.
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Only the last and largest chamber, the body chamber, was occupied by the living animal at any given moment. As it grew, it added newer and larger chambers to the open end of the coil. Where the outer whorl of an ammonite shell largely covers the preceding whorls, the specimen is said to be involute (e.g., Anahoplites).
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The middle part is an involute glass curtain wall, which is made up of more than 1,200 pieces of ultra-white glass. The ellipsoidal shell surrounds the artificial lake, with a surface area of 35,500 square meters, all channels and entrances located below the water surface. Pedestrians need to enter the performance hall from an 80-meter underwater passage.
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The shell of Clypeoceras is laterally compressed, involute, discoidal; whorls strongly embracing and deeply indented by the next inner whorl, increasing rapidly in height. Sides slightly convex, sloping outward to a rather narrow venter, which may be angular or rounded but never with keels or grooves. Surface smooth or ornamented with radial striae and folds. Body chamber short.
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Comparison of falcoid rib of Cleviceras exaratum (1) and falcate rib of Harpoceras falciferum (2) Shells of Cleviceras show dimorphism in their size. While microconchs reach 16–62 mm in diameter, macroconchs shells width is 85–200 mm. They are moderately involute, compressed and have flat whorl sides. Umbilical walls can be sloping, vertical, or undercut.
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It is more involute than its predecessor C. exaratum and has higher whorls. Sloping umbilical wall is forming a funnel shaped umbilicus and also a more compressed whorl section. Keel is strong. Nearly all ribs are single and they are of falcoid shape.. They are weak to moderate on microconchs, but stronger in middle growth stage of macroconchs.
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Felix Klein mentions an involute/cycloid gear model in his Elementarmathematik vom höheren Standpunkt (Elementary mathematics from a higher point of view), Vol. 2, Springer, p. 125. In 1927 Friedrich Schilling was president of the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung. In November 1933, he signed the Bekenntnis der Professoren an den deutschen Universitäten und Hochschulen zu Adolf Hitler.
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Dimorphoceratinae is one of two subfamilies included in the family Dimorphoceratidae. The subfamily is characterized by having only the ventral lobe of the suture subdivided. Shells are completely involute, with the inner whorls completely hidden, and mostly suboxiconic such that the rim, or venter, is fairly narrow. Sculpture consists only of growth lines, sometimes with delicate spiral ornamentation.
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The Cravenoceratidae is one of six families included in the ammonoid superfamily Neoglyphioceratoidea, which lived during the latter part of the Paleozoic era. Cravenoceratid genera have moderately evolute to involute, broad or thickly discoidal shells with a moderately narrow umbilicus. The surface is generally smooth, dominated by growth striae. Spiral ornamentation may be present, but reticulate ornament is absent.
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Sphenarpites is an extinct genus of cephalopod belonging to the family Hildoceratidae. Only one specimen is known, which has been found in Kelat, Baluchistan, in today's Pakistan. Its involute, oxycone shell has very small umbilicus and umbilical wall is smoothly rounded. Suture is reduced with 1 or 2 adventitious saddles and about 10 auxiliary saddles in external suture.
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Shells of these nektonic carnivores are variable in form, depending on species; ranges from evolute to involute, compressed lenticular to globose with rounded to flattened venter and flanks. The suture generally has shallow ventral and lateral lobes. The location of the siphuncle is variable, but never at an extreme ventral or dorsal position (Kümmel 1964, K449).
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The siphuncle is subcentral. Juvavionautilus comes from Europe and Timur. Oxynautilus, differs from the rest in that it has an involute, compressed lenticular shell with a narrow or acute (angular) venter which may or may not have a keel. The whorl section is much higher than wide with the maximum width slightly ventral of the umbilical shoulders.
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Shells of Phylloceras can reach a diameter of about , with a maximum of about . These primitive ammonites had an involute, laterally flattened shell with a regular shell opening. They were almost smooth and the ornamentation was virtually absent or, at most, represented by simple growth lines barely visible. The striking sinuous suture lines were characteristic of this genus.
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It is one of New Zealand's two alpine species of Drosera, the other being Drosera arcturi. Characteristic features include involute (inwardly curved) petioles and upright leaves. Its range extends from the Ruahine and Tararua Ranges in the north down the Southern Alps to Stewart Island. It is also found on the Auckland Islands and Campbell Island.
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Pileus: 15–58 mm diameter, cap convex and sometimes umbonate, slightly viscid. Cap colour yellow brown to cinnamon to chestnut or even dark brick, sometimes with a pale but strongly coloured zone and finally pinkish buff to cream to almost white near de margin. Disc zonate. Pileus margin sometimes involute and slightly scalloped, but usually straight.
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Callaionautilus is a genus of cephalopods included in the nautilid family Clydonautilidae that lived during the Late Triassic. Its fossils have been found on the island of Timor. The shell of Callaionautilus is involute, coiled such that only the outer whorl is exposed. Early whorls have nodes on the ventral shoulder that disappear toward the aperture.
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The sheath is pubescent to pilose lower on the plant but glabrous higher up. It has membranous truncate, irregularly denticulate ligules that are big. Leaf blades are long and wide; they are ascending, firm, glaucous, sparsely pilose near the base, often scabrous on the margins, and involute towards the tips. The panicles are long and wide.
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The gears are helical involute. The dual-offset cast-iron transfer case is also based on early military specified driveline requirements. The 2.46:1 low range allows low crawl speeds over uneven terrain and steep grades. The leaf- sprung straight axles are of a legacy design close to Dana 44 with 3.73:1 final drive ratio.
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The data supporting malignant transformation is limited and ectopic thymus tissue that is not causing problems can likely be left to involute. Given the thymus's role in the body's adaptive immune system, it should be confirmed that the patient has a mediastinal thymus prior to surgery in order to prevent the potential for future immune deficiencies.
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Gastrohoplites is a genus of hoplitid ammonites included in the Gastrohoplinae from Middle Albian age marine strata in western North America and parts of Europe. The shell of Gastrohoplites is variably involute to evolute. Sides and venter are flat, shoulders sharp. Ribs more or less prominent, coarse, branch from above the umbilical border, and strengthen with age.
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Protaconeceras is a deeply umbliciate, involute haploceratacean ammonite from the Lower Cretaceous included in the oppeliid subfamily Aconeceratinae. The shell of Protaconeceras has a crunulate keel, especially in the youth. Sides are slightly convex and are covered with flexious striae or flattened ribs that extend onto the ventral surface. Sutural elements are wider and shallower than in Aconeceras.
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Oppelia is a haploceratoid ammonite and type genus for the Oppeliidae that lived during the Middle Jurassic. Shells of Oppelia are involute with a small to moderate size umbilicus, bluntly rounded to sharp venter, and deeply impressed dorsum. Sides are generally smooth but may be variously ribbed on the outer flanks. Similar and related genera include Oxycerites and Oecotraustes.
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Lissoceras is an involute, smooth or finely vetrolaterally ribbed, ammonite with a blunt, un-keeled venter, included in the Haploceratidae, that lived from the Lower Bajocian - Middle Oxfordian (Middle to Upper Jurassic) in what is now Europe, south Asia, and southern Alaska. Lissoceratoides, once considered to be a subgenus of Lissoceras, is indistinguishable morphologically from it.
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Compressed, moderately involute shell with keel and narrow venter. Cross section of whorl is elliptical, with rounded umbilical edge and sloping umbilical wall. Falcoid, or sinuous ribs are weak, or moderate on inner whorls, while on outer whorls, they are becoming striate, or these whorls are smooth. Diameter of complete adult shell is 120–250 mm.
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The shell of Hammatoceras varies from evolute to sub- involute, according to species and growth stage. All are compressed, i.e. discoidal, in form, with strong ribbing and a keeled ventor. Ribs arise from tubercles on the umbilical shoulder, the inner, dorso-lateral margin of the whorls, and bifurcate on the flanks, stopping at the ventral keel.
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The Hungaritidae comprises a family of ceratitid ammonites described in the Treatise,(Arkell et al. 1957), as involute compressed, discoidal, with keeled or sharpened venter, smooth to weakly costate. Sutures ceratitid, usually with numerous elements. Hungaritids are Middle Triassic in age spanning a range from about 247 Ma to 235 Ma. By current assessment six genera are included.
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The Meekoceratidae is a family of ceratitid ammonites described in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, as being more or less involute, compressed, discoidal, smooth to weakly ornamented; venter arched or tabulate; sutures ceratitic with broad saddles.W.J Arkell, et al., 197=578. Mesozoic Ammonoidea, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.
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Stearoceras is involute with a depressed subtrapizoidal whorl section and slight ventral and lateral lobes. Stenoporceras is subdiscoidal, flattened laterally, and has a suture with broad lateral lobes and a deep ventral saddle as found in syringonautilids. Permian genera include Parastenopoceras, a smooth, involute form with a semiellptical whorl section and ventral saddle; Plummeroceras, a form similar to Domatoceras but more evolute and with a deep ventral lobe; Pselioceras, a smooth evolute form with a perforate umbilicus, ovoid whorl section, and suture crossing straight over the venter; and Virgaloceras, also similar to Domatoceras but with a row of nodes on the umbilical wall and a ventral saddle instead of the ventral lobe in the suture. Parastenopoceras, Plummeroceras, and Pselioceras are from the Lower Permian; Virgaloceras is from the Upper Permian.
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It is more involute than Cleviceras exaratum and Eleganticeras elegantulum, but as it is evolved directly from C. exaratum, there exists some transitional specimens. Also, C. exaratum has vertical, or undercut umbilical walls, while C. elegans has them bevelled, or sloping. C. elegans also has weaker and more striate ribs at sizes below 30mm diameter. Then, ribbing is the same.
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Engonoceratidae is a family of typically compressed, more or less flat sided and involute ammonites (cephalopod order Ammonitida) from the mid Cretaceous belonging to the Hoplitoidea. shells have flat sided outer rims ( venters), at least in some stage. Single or branching irregular ribs and variably placed tubercles may occur. Sutures have numerous auxiliary and adventive elements of similar form, in general radially arranged.
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Desmophyllites is a small desmoceratitid ammonite characterized by a smooth and very involute shell that lived during the Santonian to Maachstrictian stages of the Late Cretaceous. Shells of Desmophylites diphylloida from the upper Santonian are on order of 1.8 cm (0.7 in)in diameter. Those of Desmophylllites larteti from the upper Campanian are on order of 10.5 cm (~4 in) across.
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When a parabola is rolled along a straight line, the roulette curve traced by its focus is a catenary. The envelope of the directrix of the parabola is also a catenary.Yates p. 80 The involute from the vertex, that is the roulette formed traced by a point starting at the vertex when a line is rolled on a catenary, is the tractrix.
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When examined, cells with abundant granular eosinophilic and small eccentric nuclei are found. A delicate fibrovascular network can be found between the cells. It has an unusual resemblance to granular cell myoblastoma and is more common in the maxilla than the mandible. A congenital Epulis can potentially involute, therefore, if it is not interfering with feeding and breathing, monitoring the lesion is advised.
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Pachylyroceras produced a large shell that is moderately evolute to moderately involute and thickly discoidal to subglobular, with a rather wide umbilicus. Surface sculpture consists of coarse, widely spaced longitudinal lirae. Constrictions where present are wide and deep. Its suture has a narrow bifurcated ventral lobe with slightly divergent to subparallel sides and a median saddle less than half the height.
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Cibolaites is a moderate-sized, somewhat involute genus, with a moderate umbilicus, that bears broad rounded ribs on the flanks which bifurcate from the umbilical shoulder on larger specimens. Whorl section is broadest though the umbilical shoulders, flanks converge moderately on a broadly rounded venter. which bears three rows of distinct, commonly elongate, nodes. (Plate 2, figs 1-9, Cobban and Hook, 1983).
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Phaedrysmocheilus is a genus of Early Triassic Tainoceratids (Nautiloidea, Cephalopoda) from Siberia. The shell is a rapidly expanding, moderately involute nautilicone; smooth in the adult stage but laterally ribbed in the juvenile stage. Volutions are convex laterally, arched ventrally, embraced dorsally. Whorl sections change during development from being slightly depressed, early, to slightly compressed later, changing from being relatively wide to relatively high.
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The same involute gear may be used under conditions that change its operating pitch diameter and pressure angle. Unless there is a good reason for doing otherwise, it is practical to consider that the pitch and the profile angle of a single gear correspond to the pitch and the profile angle of the hob or cutter used to generate its teeth.
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Am J Clin Pathol. 2007 May;127(5):707–22. The third type of ALCL is so-called cutaneous ALCL, and is a tumor that presents in the skin as ulcers that may persist, or occasionally may involute spontaneously, and commonly recur. This type of ALCL usually manifests in different regions of the body and may extend to regional lymph nodes, i.e.
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This has replaced hobbing for some involute gears and cutting external splines and slots. Straddle broaches use two slab broaches to cut parallel surfaces on opposite sides of a workpiece in one pass. This type of broaching holds closer tolerances than if the two cuts were done independently. It is named after the fact that the broaches "straddle" the workpiece on multiple sides..
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Cymaceras is a genus within the oppeliid subfamily Ochetoceratinae from the Kimmeridgian stage, around the middle of the Upper Jurassic. Cymaceras is rather unusual in its wavy keel that leans alternatingly to one side then the other. Shells are involute, compressed, with a narrow venter and distinct inner and outer ribs, both sets of which are curved in a concave forward fashion.
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Moderately involute with rounded, rectangular, or depressed whorl section; straight or sinuous, fine, dense ribs typically continuing over venter and may be periodically truncated by oblique, enlarged ribs, with or without umbilical, lateral and ventrolateral tubercles. Suture rather simple.Tzankov, V. & Breskovski, S. (1982), "Volume et contenu de la famille Holcodiscidae Spath, 1924," C.R. Acad. bulg. Sci., 35, 4, 491-93.
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Pleurohoplites is a genus in the ammonitid family Hoplitidae, found in middle Cretaceous (Upper Albian - Cenomanian) of Europe, and included in the subfamily Hoplitinae. Pleurohoplites has a somewhat involute, compressed to rather inflated shell, with a rounded to subcoronate venter, that bears umbilical tubercles from which branch strong, un-looped, ribs that end in ventrolateral nodes, or are continuous to the siphonal line.
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Cleoniceras is a rather involute, high-whorled hoplitid from the Lower to basal Middle Albian of Europe, Madagascar, and Transcaspian region. The shell has a generally small umbilicus, arched to acute venter, and typically at some growth stage, falcoid ribs that spring in pairs from umbilical tubercles, usually disappearing on the outer whorls. Cleoniceras is included in the subfamily Cleoniceratinae.
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Amphistegina is a genus of foraminiferal protistsShort Treatise on Foraminiferology included in the Rotaliida with a stritigraphic range extending from the Eocene to recent and a cosmopolitan distribution. The test is an asymmetrically biconvex trochospiral that may be bi-involute or partially evolute on the spiral side. Chambers are numerous, broad. and low, strongly curved back at the periphery to form chamber prolongations.
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The caps of some North American populations have a blackish gray to purple-gray coloration. The cap of A. subrubescens is between in diameter, with a central, eccentric (away from the center), or rarely lateral (attached to the edge of cap) stem. Initially, the cap is convex with an involute margin, flattening out with age. The cap margin may be folded or flat.
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It begins to involute with contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus. It will contract midline with the umbilicus. It begins its contractions and by twelve hours after the birth it can be felt to be at the level of the umbilicus. The uterus changes in size from one kilogram to 60 -80 grams in the space of six weeks.
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Zetoceras is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus from the suborder Phylloceratina that lived during the Early and Middle Jurassic in what is now Europe, and is included in the (family) Phylloceratidae. Zetoceras has a compressed involute shell with a very small umbilicus. The suture is phylloid, as for the suborder,with tall primary sutural elements. Saddles commonly have tetraphyllic endings.
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Deltocymatoceras is probably derived form Cymatoceras by a rounding of the ventro-lateral shoulders resulting in a narrowing of the venter, coupled with the development of a pointed ventral saddle. Eucymatoceras from the Lower Cretaceous is similar, except for lacking the vernal keel. Contemporary, Upper Cretaceous Epicymatoceras is involute, discoidal. Deltoidonautiluds with its similar name, and converging sides, belongs to the Hercoglossidae.
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Scaphites generally have a chambered, boat-shaped shell. The initial part (juvenile stage) of the shell is generally more or less involute (tightly- coiled) and compressed, giving no hint of the heteromorphic shell form yet to come. The terminal part (adult stage) is much shorter, erect, and bends over the older shell like a hook. They have transverse, branching ribs with tubercles (small bumps) along the venter.
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Members (genera) of the Tissotiidae tend to have smooth, strongly involute shells with deeply impressed inner rims to the whorls where subsequent whorls wrap around those prior. Shells may be narrow and discoidal, broad and subspheroidal, or in between. Sides commonly have broad ribs, and on some, tubercles. The outer rim, known as the venter, may be wide and nearly flat, rounded, or narrow and even sharp.
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Floral diagram of a cyme of Commelina coelestis from Eichler's 1875 "Blütendiagramme" Plants in the genus are perennial or annual herbs with roots that are usually fibrous or rarely tuberous or rhizomatous. The leaves are distichous (i.e. 2-ranked) or spirally arranged with blades that either lack or have a petiole. The ptyxis, or the way the leaf is folded in the bud, is either involute (i.e.
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Tornoceratatina is one of two suborders included in the Goniatitida, characterized by generally involute, subdiscoidal shells and by sutures in which the ventral ones are undivided. Sutural lobes increase in number during the course of life of the individual, typically developed from the internal and external saddles. The siphuncle is prochoanitic, with septal necks projecting forward. Derivation is from the Anarcestida in the middle Devonian.
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Bisatoceratidae is a family of Late Paleozoic ammonites now included in the Thalassoceratoidea characterized by thick-discoidal to subglobular, involute shells in which lobes are simple. Some forms have spiral ornamentation. Bisatoceratidae was originally a subfamily of the Goniatitidae as Bisatoceratinae, named by Miller and Furnish, 1957, and introduced in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, 1957. Its relation to the Thalassoceratidae is tenuous.
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Falcitornoceras is a goniatitid ammonite from the Late Devonian, early Famennian, that has been found in France and Spain. Falcitornoceras was named by House and Price, 1985, and is the type genus for the subfamily Falcitornoceratinae. The shell of Falcitornoceras is strongly involute, lacking an umbilicus. Juvenile stages have falcate ribs which cross the ventral rim; the ventro-lateral area bears weak to strong furrows.
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Generally speaking, a higher pair is a constraint that requires a curve or surface in the moving body to maintain contact with a curve or surface in the fixed body. For example, the contact between a cam and its follower is a higher pair called a cam joint. Similarly, the contact between the involute curves that form the meshing teeth of two gears are cam joints.
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Mimagoniatites is a genus of ammonoid cephalopod which lived during the early Devonian, regarded as belonging to the Agoniatitdae as a member of the subfamily Mimagoniatitinae. The shell is discoidal, primarily evolute, becoming mildly involute in later growth stage, moderately to rapidly expanding. Whorl section of first two whorls approximately circular, subtrapezoidal in later whorls. Umbilicas perforated, protoconch swollen, not in contact with first whorl.
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Binneyitidae is a family of Upper Cretaceous ammonoid cephalopods characterized by rather small, compressed, flat sided shells and sutures that tend to have deep, narrow, simple elements with parallel sides, that range from the upper Cenomanian into the lower Santonian. Three genera are included, as follows. :Borrisjakoceras Arkangelski 1916 \- Shells moderately evolute to rather involute, venter bluntly trapezoidal to rounded. Stratigraphic range: U Cenomanian - L Turonian.
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Typically, Aloe comosa has thick, succulent leaf blades approximately 2 feet (0.6 metres) long. The leaves are lanceolate with a glabrous surface. The edges of the leaves are entire, curved upwards (involute) and lined with spiny, tooth-like, brown-red thorns. The fleshy blades have a whorled leaf insertion as they emerge from the rosette which is at the end of an erect stem.
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Culms are erect and long, with grey-green leaf-blades filiform and involute, ranging from long by wide, i.e. bristle like. The ligules of basal leaves are long and blunt, while those of culm leaves are longer, up to , and more pointed. The roots and shoots are very closely packed together at the base of the plant producing a white, tough, highly reflective feature.
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Ochetoceras is a genus of ammonites, belonging to the Oppeliidae, that lived during the Late Jurassic from the early Oxfordian to the early Tithonian, and type for the subfamily Ochetoceratinae. The shell of Ochetoceras is rather involute and strongly ribbed. The whorl section is compressed, higher than wide, and deeply impressed by the previous whorl. Flanks are broadly convex and converge to a narrowly rounded venter.
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After regression RICH may cause a residual deformity, such as atrophic skin and subcutaneous tissue. It mainly affects the limbs (52%), but also the head and neck region (42%) and the trunk (6%). The non-involuting congenital hemangioma, NICH, presents as a solitary, well-circumscribed reddish-pink to purple plaque with central telangiectasia and hypopigmented rim. In contrast to RICH, NICH does not involute and rarely ulcerates.
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Bredyia is a genus of ammonites from the lower part of the Middle Jurassic, found in Europe and North America. Bredyia is a member of the Hammatoceratidae, a family which comprises part of the Hildoceratoidea. Its shell is involute, strongly ribbed, with a small umbilicus. Whorls are strongly embracing; ribs thick, radially straight on the sides, curves forward on the venter but do not meet.
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The shell of Neocomites is fairly involute and compressed with flattish sides; covered with flexeous ribs that branch in small sheaves from faint umbilical tubercles, in some branching again or intercaled further out on the whorls, ending in small oblique bullae in either side of a smooth flat venter. Ribs may cross the venter transversely on later whorls. Sutures have deep 1st lateral lobes.
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Neocomitidae is a family of Lower Cretaceous ammonitids comprising genera with strongly ribbed evolute (all whorls exposed) to smooth, fairly involute (inner whorls mostly hidden) shells. with and (1996), Mollusca 4 Revised , Cretaceous Ammonoidea, vol. 4, in Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L (Roger L. Kaesler et el. eds.), Boulder, Colorado: The Geological Society of America & Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 49-67.
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Acanthoclymeniidae is a family of early, primitive, clymeniid ammonoid cephalopods that lived during the Late Devonian. At one time this family was known to contain a single genus, Acanthoclymenia, named by Hyatt in 1900, which is its type. Acanthoclymeniidae are characterized by their small slightly involute, subdiscoidal, widely umbilicate shells that reach only a few centimeters in diameter. This description applies to the genus Acanthoclymenia as well.
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The Liroceratidae are characterized by generally smooth shells with broadly rounded, depressed whorls, occluded umbilicus, slightly sinuous sutures, and a siphuncle that is usually more or less central. The Ephippioceratidae, named by Miller and Youngquist in 1949, which have a range from the Lower Carboniferous (Miss) to the Lower Permian, are closely similar to the Liroceratidae, but have deep ventral and dorsal saddles in the suture. The Gonionautlidae, named by Kummel in 1950 to contain the Upper Triassic genus Gonionautilus, have a smooth, involute, compressed shell with narrow flattened venter and a suture like that of Clydonautilus, but with a more highly developed median saddle and double-pointed annular lobes. The Siberionautilidae, named by Popov in 1951 for the Upper Triassic Siberionautilus, have an involute, finely ribbed, globular shell with flattened flanks that converge toward a rounded venter and a highly differentiated goniatitic suture.
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Polonoceras, which lived during the Late Devonian, has an involute or moderately evolute, discoidal shell with a high aperture and flattened, grooved venter. The adventitious lobe, next to the ventral lobe, is widely rounded, the Ventro- lateral saddle narrow and sometimes higher than lateral saddle. Polonoceras is found in Europe, in Poland, where it was discovered. It is also reported from Upper Devonian (middle Famennian) in Canning Basin, Western Australia.
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Shloenbachiidae is a family of hoplitoid ammonoid cephalopds mostly from the lower Upper Cretaceous, (U Albian - Cenomanian). Shloenbachiidae can be recognized by their usually keel bearing, irregularly ribbed and tuberculate shells that vary from evolute to rather involute and compressed to inflated. Tubercles are concentrated on the umbilical and ventrolateral shoulders. The suture, similar in all members, is ammonitic; raggedy with spikey subdivided lobes and irregularly subdivided saddles.
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Thalassoceratoidea, formerly Thalassocerataceae, is a superfamily of Late Paleozoic ammonites characterized by their thick-discoidal to subglobular, involute shells with narrow or closed umbilici and biconvex growth striae with ventral sinuses. The ventral lobe of the suture, which straddles the outer rim, is wide, and bifid, with a tall median saddle. Thallassoceratoidea are gonitites and one of seventeen superfamilies in the Goniatitina suborder. Two families are now included, Bisatoceratidae and Thalassoceratidae.
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The anterior/posterior patterning of the embryo occurs sometime before or during gastrulation. The first cells to involute have anterior inducing activity while the last cells have posterior inducing activity. The anterior inducing ability comes from the Xwnt-8 antagonizing signals Cereberus, Dickkopf and Frzb discussed above. Anterior head development also requires the function of IGFs (insulin-like growth factors) expressed in the dorsal midline and the anterior neural tube.
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This can be ameliorated by using a shorter scale length guitar, by shifting to a different key, or by shifting down a fifth. All-fifths tuning was used by the jazz-guitarist Carl Kress. The left-handed involute of an all-fifths tuning is an all-fourths tuning. All-fifths tuning is based on the perfect fifth (seven semitones), and all-fourths tuning is based on the perfect fourth (five semitones).
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Phylloceratidae is the predominant family of the Phylloceratina with some 15 or more genera found in rocks ranging from the Lower Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous. Members of the Phylloceratidae are characterized by smooth, involute shells with very thin walls. Many are covered with fine growth lines but are usually without ribbing. Sutures are complex with the major and minor branches of the saddles with phylloid or spatulate endings.
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Permoceras, the sole member of the family Permoceratidae, is a genus of coiled nautiloids with a smooth, compressed involute shell, whorls higher than wide, earlier whorls hidden from view. The venter is rounded as are the ventral and umbilical shoulders, the flanks flattened. The siphuncle is ventrally subcentral. The suture, which is most characteristic, has a deep, narrow pointed ventral lobe and large, asymmetrical pointed lobes on either side.
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Permonautilus is an extinct genus of nautilids from the Upper Permian of Russia, named and described by Kruglov in 1933. Permonautilus is an involute, globular, spinose member of the Lirocertidae which are included in the Clydonautilaceae. Whorl sections are broad, with a rounded venter. The umbilicus in the middle of the shell is deep, from which spine-like processes extend laterally in the mature portion near the aperture.
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This is called the proliferating phase. After 9 months, the growth of the tumor will decrease and equal the growth of the child for about 3 months. After 12 months, the tumor will start to involute and might even disappear. Involution occurs in one-third of patient by the age of 3 years, in 50% by the age of 5 years and in 72% by the age of 7 years.
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Miliolacea is one of five superfamilies belonging to the Miliolida, (suborder Miliolina in Loeblich & Tappan 1988). Miliolaceans produce a coiled test, commonly with two, less frequently three or more, chambers per whorl arranged in varying planes about the longitudinal axis, which later may become involute or uncoil. Advanced forms may have secondary partitions within the chambers. Species within the Milioacea are found in Upper Triassic (Norian) to recent marine sediments.
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Alocolytoceratinae is a subfamily of lytoceratids that comprises genera characterized by many deep constrictions in the shell resulting in capricorn- like (goat's horm) ornamention, especially in the middle whorls, but becoming smooth and more involute in the outer whorls. Saddle endings in the suture tend to be phylloid, (leaf-like). Alcolytocerainae includes Alocolytoceras, Lobolytoceras, Pachylytocras, and Pleurolytoceras, which are mostly from the Toarcian. One genus, Pachylotoceras, extends into the lower Bajocian.
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Harpoceratinae is an extinct subfamily of cephalopods belonging to the family Hildoceratidae. Ammonites of this subfamily had involute and compressed shells with strong keels. Keel might be rarely missing, but this is considered to be an abnormality. This has been observed both in Cleviceras and Harpoceras and called as genus Monestieria, which is now known to be invalid (into this invalid genus were added also abnormal unkeeled specimens of genus Protogrammoceras).
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This has the effect of narrowing the blastopore. The NIMZ, which does not involute, simultaneously extends in the opposite direction and at a greater rate to cover regions no longer occupied by the IMZ. The convergent extension of the IMZ and NIMZ begins in the second half of gastrulation and continues into the late neurula stage. Eventually, deep tissue of the IMZ forms the central notochord and the surrounding paraxial mesoderm.
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Oxycerites is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod belonging to the haploceratoid family, Oppeliidae, that lived during the Middle Jurassic. Shells of Oxycerites are involute, compressed and generally smooth with a sharply rounded venter on the outer rim, deeply impressed dorsum on the inner rim, and a small umbilicus. The living chamber takes up slightly more than half a whorl. Oxycerites grew to a diameter of at least 17.5 cm, about 7 inches.
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Radstockiceras is an extinct genus of lower Jurassic ammonite that lived from Oxynotum zone of upper Sinemurian to Raricostatum zone of lower Pliensbachian. Shells of these animals were oxycone and involute with umbilicus that took maximum of 12% of diameter in the case of outer whorls. On inner whorls, venter has been sharp, but then it became rounded. Faint ribs had falcoid shape, but sometimes, ribs could absent.
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Hypophylloceras is a Cretaceous ammonite with a finely ribbed, compressed, involute shell; some having periodic stronger ribs or folds. The suture is complex, with large, asymmetric and finely divided lobes; the 1st lateral being much larger than the external (=ventral) and 2nd lateral lobes. Saddle endings commonly not phylloid. Hypophylloceras includes Neophylloceras Shimizu 1934 (=Paraphylloceras Chimisu 1935 ), Hyporbulites Brestroffer 1947, Goretophylloceras Collingnon 1949 and Aphrotiticeras Mahmoud in Breister, 1952.
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The fuel region is composed of two concentric fuel elements. The inner element contains 171 fuel plates, and the outer element contains 369 fuel plates. The fuel plates are curved in the shape of an involute, thus providing a constant coolant channel width. The fuel (93% U235 enriched U3O8-Al cermet pg.22) is non-uniformly distributed along the arc of the involute to minimize the radial peak-to-average power density ratio. A burnable poison (boron-10) is included in the inner fuel element primarily to flatten the radial flux peak providing a longer cycle for each fuel element. The average core lifetime with typical experiment loading is approximately 23 days at 85 MW. The fuel region is surrounded by a concentric ring of beryllium reflector approximately 1 ft (0.30 m) thick. This in turn is subdivided into three regions: the removable reflector, the semi permanent reflector, and the permanent reflector.
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Spur gear Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or disk with teeth projecting radially. Though the teeth are not straight-sided (but usually of special form to achieve a constant drive ratio, mainly involute but less commonly cycloidal), the edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears mesh together correctly only if fitted to parallel shafts.
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This implies that for involute gears the path of contact is also a straight line, coincident with the line of action—as is indeed the case. ; Axis : Axis of revolution of the gear; center line of the shaft. ; Pitch point : Point where the line of action crosses a line joining the two gear axes. ; Pitch circle, pitch line : Circle centered on and perpendicular to the axis, and passing through the pitch point.
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The flat and conduplicate leaf blades are involute or convolute and are sometimes glaucous or pruinose. The abaxial surfaces of leaf blades are glabrous or scabrous and occasionally pubescent or puberulent. The adaxial surfaces of leaf blades are typically scabrous, though occasionally are hirsute or puberulent. The abaxial sclerenchyma tissue forms longitudinal strands that vary in presence from the margins and opposite of the midvein to adjacent to some or every lateral vein.
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Texoceras is an extinct ammonoid genus in the monotypic goniatitid subfamily Texoceratinae, included in the family Adrianitidae. These are shelled cephalopods more closely related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish than to nautiloids from which they are derived. Texoceras, named and described by Miller & Furnish in 1937, has an involute, subglobular shell, like Adrianites, with a narrow, deep umbilicus in the middle, but with a reticulate surface and a suture that forms 14 rounded lobes.
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Thalassoceratidae a family of late Paleozoic ammonites included in the goniatitid superfamily Thalassoceratoidea along with the Bisatoceratidae. Some eight genera are included, although the specific number and exactly which depends on the particular classification. Thalassoceratids are characterized by thick-discoidal to subglobular, involute shells with narrow or closed umbilici and serrate or digitate external lobes in the suture. This latter distinguishes them from the Bisatoceratidae in which the external lobes are smooth.
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A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is thoracic system variation in which the left- sided vena cava fails to involute during normal development. It is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system, occurring in approximately 0.3% of the population. The abnormality is often detected on pre-operative imaging studies, but may also be discovered intra-operatively. A PLSVC may make it difficult to achieve proper venous drainage or deliver of retrograde cardiopledgia.
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Carinonautilus is a genus of extinct, Middle Cretaceous nautilid with a very involute, compressed shell in which the whorl section is higher than wide, umbilicus is small and shallow, or flanks converge on a narrow venter that has a rounded keel. A furrow on either side marks the ventro-lateral shoulder. The genus was erected by Spengler in 1910 on the basis of the holotype, found in Middle Cretaceous strata from India.
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The Grypoceratidae are characterized by evolute to involute shells that may have some modification to the venter (the outer rim) varying from flattened to subangular, or bearing a keel. Most are smooth but some have nodes or carinae (auxiliary keels). Sutures generally have distinct ventral and lateral lobes but in some, a ventral saddle. Whorl sections are generally compressed but may be subquadrate to subtrapezoidal or coronate (heart shaped), or slightly depressed dorso-ventrally.
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Proclydonautilus is a genus of nautiloids belonging to the Clydonautilidae known from the Upper Triassic of North America, Europe, and India. The shell of Proclydonautilus, like those of other Clydonautilitidae, is involute and smooth. It is distinguished by its suture which has a broad, shallow to deep ventral lobe that divides a large ventral saddle. A large lateral lobe on the flans is followed by a small lateral saddle and a second lateral lobe.
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Both stocks have their origin in Mojsisociczia. Mojsisovicziinae genera lived from the Middle to Late Albian. Mortoniceratinae Spath, 1925: Moderately involute to very evolute brancoceratids with more or less rounded, square, or compressed whorls; low or high keels and ribs that branch, at last on the early whorls but may be single on the body chamber or even earlier. Ribs are low and round, or flat, to high and round, but never high and sharp.
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Thymic involution remains an evolutionary mystery since it occurs in most vertebrates despite its negative effects. Since it is not induced by senescence, many scientists have hypothesized that there may have been evolutionary pressures for the organ to involute. A few hypotheses are as follows: Developing T cells that interact strongly with antigen being presented within the thymus are induced to undergo programmed cell death. The intended effect is deletion of self- reactive T cells.
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This method of coupling was unavoidable due to the restricted width of only between tyres. To compensate for tyre wear on the coupled driving wheels, the rack axle bearings could be adjusted vertically, while the rack wheel teeth were of involute form to ensure correct action between adjustments. The inner cranks were of the disk type, with triangular circumferential grooves to take the cast-iron brake blocks of the rack engine hand brake.
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Hildoceratidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods from the Lower Jurassic, lower Pliensbachian (Jamesoni zone) to lower Bajocian (maybe even upper Bajocian) substages, generally with strongly ribbed, involute shells. They are combined with the Hammatoceratidae (= Phymatoceratidae), Graphoceratidae, and Sonniniidae to make up the Hildoceratoidea. As many as seven subfamilies have been included in late 20th century, principle being the Arieticeratinae, Harpocertinae, Hildoceratinae, to which the Treatise, Part L, adds the Bouleiceratinae, Grammoceratinae, and Tmetoceratinae. Donovan et al.
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Species in the Nautilaceae are generally smooth and involute with straight to strongly sinuous sutures and a small siphuncle. Some groups have sinuous plications or ribs. The Nautilaceae began in the Late Triassic with Cenoceras, a golublar to discoidal genus derived from the Syringonautilidae and possibly from Syringonautilus. Cenoceras, the earliest member of the Nautilaceae and Nautilidae, is the only nautiloid known to have crossed the upper Triassic boundary and the only one known from the Lower Jurassic.
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Ventral shoulders are angular, umbilical shoulders broadly rounded. The suture is with broad, deep lateral lobes, the nature of the ventral and lateral lobes is unknown, as is the position of the siphuncle. Phacoceras as a moderately involute, highly compressed, smooth, lenticular shell with an acute venter and widest at the umbilical shoulder; suture with ventral saddle and broad shallow lobes on flanks; siphuncle slightly ventral from center. Genera in ascending stratigraphic order, descriptions from Kummel 1964.
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Goat outside the fence In the two-dimensional case, the question about the reachable area outside the red circle may be asked. This concerns a situation where the animal is tethered to a silo. The area consists of a half-circle (light blue) with radius r and of two areas, which are bordered by the red circle and the circle involute (dark blue). Using Leibniz’s sector formula, the size of one of the dark blue areas can be calculated.
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This condition -in most of the cases- is impractical because of involvement of vibration, and thus in most of the cases, an involute profile of the gear is used. There is some dispute over the invention of cycloidal gears. Those involved include Gérard Desargues, Philippe de La Hire, Ole Rømer, and Charles Étienne Louis Camus. A cycloid (as used for the flank shape of a cycloidal gear) is constructed by rolling a rolling circle on a base circle.
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The Planispirillinidae are a family of living ForaminiferaOnly Six Kingdoms of Life Cavalier-Smith, 2004 and the only one of the Involutinida now living. The included genera are characterized by asymmetrical, semi-involute to partially evolute, aragonitic tests consisting of an undivided planispiral or trochospiral tubular chamber wound about the proloculus, or initial chamber. The umbilical region on one or both sides is filled with lamellae. The aperture is a simple opening and the end of the tube.
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During embryological development, the thymus is formed from the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches. It descends along a pathway from the mandible to its final resting place of the mediastinum. When the thymus tissue fails to descend appropriately or fails to involute, thymus tissue remains in various locations along this pathway. Locations that solid thymus tissue has been reported include near the thyroid (most common), within the thyroid, the base of the skull, and within the pharynx or trachea.
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The device can function as a pump if a similar set of disks and a housing with an involute shape (versus circular for the turbine) are used. In this configuration a motor is attached to the shaft. The fluid enters near the center, is given energy by the disks, then exits at the periphery. The Tesla turbine does not use friction in the conventional sense; precisely, it avoids it and uses adhesion (the Coandă effect) and viscosity instead.
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Homerites is a genus of small, involute, globase fossil ceratitids with an eccentric outer whorl and subammonitic sutures belonging to the family Halortidae The body chamber has a slight central keel and radial dichotomous ribs that commonly terminate at spines on the ventral shoulder. Homerites, described and named by Mojsisovics in 1893 has been found in the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of California and the Alps. The Halortidae in which it is placed is part of the superfamily Tropitaceae.
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Parapopanoceras is a ceratitid ammonite with a small, smooth, very involute and moderately globose shell that lived during the middle Triassic. Parapopanoceras normally has 6 to 7 whorls in its phragmocone, seldom as much as nine, with a body chamber 1-1.5 whorls in length. The suture is ceratitic with phylloid (leaf-like) saddles and subdivided lobes. The siphuncle begins at a central or subcentral position and in most species becomes ventral at the end of the second whorl.
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Peripetoceras is a genus in the Clydonautilacean family, Liroceratidae. It can be recognized by its smooth, involute shell with a deep small umbilicus with rounded shoulders and steep convex wall; whorl section with flattened venter, rounded ventral shoulders and convergent slightly convex flanks; suture with slight ventral and lateral lobes; and small siphuncle located dorsally of the center. Peripetoceras ranges from the Lower Carboniferous (Upper Mississippian) to the Permian and has been found in Europe (England and Germany), Russia and China.
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Liroceratidae is an extinct family of nautilids, shelled marine molluscs, belonging to the Clydonautiloidea, consisting of generally smooth, involute, nautiliconic forms with a small umbilicus. The whorl section is usually depressed and broadly rounded, the suture only slightly sinuous, and the siphuncle usually more or less central. The Liroceratidae range from the Mississippian well into the Triassic and may even extend down into the upper Devonian. The Liroceratidae are probably derived from the Rutoceratidae and form the root stock of the Clydonautiloidea.
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The grass flowers from July into August. Puccinellia lucida is most similar to the species Puccinellia laurentiana, Puccinellia airoides, and Puccinellia macra. From the first two species P. lucida differs in its longer, thinner, and lustrous lemmas; from the first additionally by its scabrous floral branches and softer, greener foliage, and from the second by its longer grain and less exerted panicle. From the third species P. lucida differs in its involute leaves, diffuse panicle, pale spikelets, and longer lemmas.
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Biloclymenia is a genus in the ammonoid order Clymeniida which is characterized by a dorsal retrosiphonitic siphuncle with long adapically pointing septal necks. The shell of shell Biloclymenia is thickly discoidal, more or less involute, with a moderately wide umbilicus, lightly thickened sides and rounded venter. The shell is surface smooth, covered merely by growth lines which form two salients. The ventral lobe of the suture is wide and divided in two with a secondary lobe at the top of median saddle.
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The acorns are generally oval, up to 2 in (5 cm) long and 1.2 in (3 cm) wide with a cap covering roughly 1/3 of the acorn, maturing in 18 months, dropping from the tree in the 2nd fall after pollination. The cap is covered in long stiff loose scales which are rolled backwards or involute especially along the edges of the cap.Oaks of the World: Quercus ithaburensisWild Flowers of Israel: Quercus ithaburensis Menitsky, Yu.L. (2005). Oaks of Asia.
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Grypoceras is a coiled nautiloid cephalopod from the Triassic of western North America, southern Asia, and Europe that belongs to the nautilid family Grypoceratidae. Named by Alpheus Hyatt in 1883, the shell of Grypoceras is essentially involute with a subtriangular cross section, widest across the umbilical shoulders, with flanks fairing toward a narrow flattened venter. Sutures on flanks are with smooth, deep lobes and with shallow ventral lobes. The earlier, related Domatoceras is evolute, with a more quadrate whorl section.
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The form of the teeth is of secondary importance; target wheels with involute or rectangular toothing can be scanned. Depending on the diameter and teeth of the wheel it is possible to get between 60 and 300 pulses per revolution, which is sufficient for drives of lower and medium traction performance. This type of sensor normally consists of two hall effect sensors, a rare earth magnet and appropriate evaluation electronics. The field of the magnet is modulated by the passing target teeth.
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The Medlicottioidea is one of two superfamilies that make up the Prolecanitida, the other being the Prolecanitoidea. The Medlicottioidea are recognized by their discoidal to thinly lenticular, and involute shells with small umbilici; flat, often grooved venters, and variably complex sutures. Medlicottiacean shells are often more ornamented and may sport ventrolateral nodes or ribs. The Medlicottioidea combines two related families, the ancestral Pronoritidae, descended from the Prolecanitidae in the Upper Mississippian and the derived Medlicottiidae which first appeared in the Lower Pennsylvanian.
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Ten cymatoceratid genera are described in the Treatise Part K, 1964. First to appear was the large, tightly involute, rapidly expanding Procymatoceras from the Middle Jurassic, followed by the Middle and Upper Jurassic Cymatonautilus which has a wide umbilicus and subquadrate whorl section. Procymatoceras and Cymatonautilus are followed by Cymatoceras and the similar Paracymatoceras. Six genera are restricted to the Cretaceous; Eucymatoceras and Heminautilus from the Lower Cretaceous; Anglonautilus from both the Lower and Upper Cretaceous; Deltocymatoceras, Epicymatoceras, and Syrionautilus.
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Jazz musician Stanley Jordan plays guitar in all-fourths tuning; he has stated that all-fourths tuning "simplifies the fingerboard, making it logical". : For all-fourths tuning, all twelve major chords (in the first or open positions) are generated by two chords, the open F major chord and the D major chord. The regularity of chord-patterns reduces the number of finger positions that need to be memorized. The left-handed involute of an all-fourths tuning is an all-fifths tuning.
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The Centroceratidae, which range from the Middle Devonian to the Lower Permian, are characterized by gyroconic, evolute tarphyceraconic, and involute nautiliconic shells with compressed whorls, typically with a quadrangular whorl section in which the flanks converge on venter that is much narrower than the dorsum and ventral and umbilical shoulders are sharply angular, or rarely rounded. In some, e.g. Centroceras, the flanks are divided by a ridge that runs along the middle. Sutures have ventral and lateral lobes but are transverse dorsally.
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The Phylloceratidae are probably derived from the Late Triassic Discophyllitidae by increasing the sutural complexity and evolving involute coiling. The Discophyllitidae in turn have their origin in the Ussuritidae, also known as the Monophyllitidae. The Phylloceratidae gave rise at or near the beginning of the Jurassic to the ancestral Lytoceratina, the early Lower Jurassic Peluroacanthitidae and Ectocentridae. The Phyloceratidae also gave rise at or near the beginning of the Jurassic to the Psiloceratoidea which unites families of the Early Jurassic Ammonitina.
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Juraphyllitidae is a family of Lower Triassic phylloceratin ammonites from Europe, North Africa, and Asia characterized by narrow, evolutely coiled shells, usually with coarse ventral ribbing on the body chamber. The first lateral saddles in the suture are diphyllic, with two terminal branches, others exposed sutural saddles are diphyllic or triphyllic, those covered by successive whorls being monophyllic. A few genera are more involute, with successive whorls partially embracing the flanks of the previous. All are compressed and a few lack ribbing.
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Cycloidal drives can start with zero backlash and high torque capacity while compact in size, unlike Involute gearboxes. They are useful in situations where low speed with high torque capacity is needed. Cycloidal drives may be designed with significantly higher contact areas for their size than any gear-based transmission such as epicyclic gears, applying force through many of the 'teeth' at once, allowing very high torque output for the size of the drive at the cost of utilising sliding contact.
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Generally, a higher pair is a constraint that requires a curve or surface in the moving body to maintain contact with a curve or surface in the fixed body. For example, the contact between a cam and its follower is a higher pair called a cam joint. Similarly, the contact between the involute curves that form the meshing teeth of two gears are cam joints, as is a wheel rolling on a surface. It has a point or line contact.
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In the first 4 to 8 weeks of life, IHs grow rapidly with primarily volumetric rather than radial growth. This is usually followed by a period of slower growth that can last 6–9 months, with 80% of the growth completed by 3 months. Finally, IHs involute over a period of years. The exceptions to these growth characteristics include minimally proliferative His, which do not substantially proliferate and large, deep IHs in which noticeable growth starts later and lasts longer.
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Placenticeratidae is an extinct family of mostly Late Cretaceous ammonites (cephalopod order Ammonitida) included in the superfamily Hoplitoidea, derived from the Engonoceratidae by an increase in suture complexity. Placeticeratids are characterized by rather involute compressed shells of moderate to large size with narrow flat or grooved venters (outer rims), at least on early whorls. Most are rather smooth or weakly ornamented except for a few later forms in which the outer whorls are strongly tuberculate. The suture has numerous, including auxiliary and adventive, elements.
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Hoplitoidea, formerly Hoplitaceae, is a superfamily of mostly Upper Cretaceous ammonites comprising families united by a similar suture pattern with multiple similar elements that tend to decrease in size going toward the umbilicus, at the inner edge of any whorl, and which are typically in a straight line. Sutural elements are commonly ammonitic, but in some saddles and in others both saddles and lobes are smooth and undivided. Shells are variable in form, both ribbed, evolute forms and smooth, involute forms are included.Arkell et al 1957.
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Helical gears are preferred due to their quieter operation and higher load bearing capacity. The maximum force that can be transmitted in a rack and pinion mechanism is determined by the tooth pitch and the size of the pinion. For example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a railroad car engages a rack placed between the rails and helps to move the train up a steep gradient. For every pair of conjugate involute profile, there is a basic rack.
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All traditional bevel gear generators (like Gleason, Klingelnberg, Heidenreich & Harbeck, WMW Modul) manufacture bevel gears with an octoidal tooth profile. IMPORTANT: For 5-axis milled bevel gear sets it is important to choose the same calculation / layout like the conventional manufacturing method. Simplified calculated bevel gears on the basis of an equivalent cylindrical gear in normal section with an involute tooth form show a deviant tooth form with reduced tooth strength by 10-28% without offset and 45% with offset [Diss. Hünecke, TU Dresden].
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In France their fossils are found in well bedded pelagic (deep ocean) limy mudstones, Frasnian in age, with a paleolatatude of about 32° south. Current latitude is 43.4° N. In Western Australia, in Canning Basin, they are found in Frasnian and Famennian, (Upper Devonian), marginal slope and basinal facies related to reef complexes. Paleolatitudes are about 20° S. Current latitude is 18.0° S. Shells of the type genus Aulatornoceras are involute, widely to narrowly umbilicate, with strongly biconvex growth lines. The suture is goniatitic.
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The Tropitidae is a family of Upper Triassic Ammonoidea belonging to the Tropitaceae, a superfamily of the Ceratitida Tropitidae have subspherical to discoidal, involute to evolute shells with long body chambers and a ventral keel bordered by furrows. The surface may have ribs, nodes, or spines, or may be smooth. The suture is generally ammonitic, but may be ceratitic to goniatitic. The derivation of the Tropitidae is uncertain but they seem to form a group along with the Tropiceltitidae and Haloritidae within the superfamily.
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The Hoplitidae is a family of Cretaceous ammonites that lived during the middle of the period from the late Aptian to the Cenomanian. They are part of the superfamily Hoplitoidea. Members of the Hoplitidae are typically evolute, with inner whorls exposed, although some are more involute, and are commonly stout and strongly ribbed, with pronounced tubercles. The Hoplitidae are thought to be derived from the U Aptian -M Albian Uligella of the Desmoceratidae, or some related form and have been divided into three subfamilies.
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Nautilidae, both extant and extinct, are characterized by involute or more or less convolute shells that are generally smooth, with compressed or depressed whorl sections, straight to sinuous sutures, and a tubular, generally central siphuncle.Kümmel, B. 1964. Nautiloidae-Nautilida, in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Geological Society of America and Univ of Kansas Press, Teichert and Moore eds. Having survived relatively unchanged for hundreds of millions of years, nautiluses represent the only living members of the subclass nautiloidea, and are often considered "living fossils".
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Pachydiscidae species are moderate to large in size, evolute to rather involute, and vary in section from inflated and depressed to high-whorled and compressed. They are distinguished from the Desmoceratidae by strong ribbing at some growth stage, that normally crosses the venter uninterrupted, and by the tendency to develop strong tuberculation, at least on the umbilical shoulder. Pachydischidae evolved from Desmoceratidea, during the Lower Cenomanian, about the same time as the Kossmaticeratidae, but lived further into the Maastrichtian, virtually to the end of the Cretaceous.
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L. nivalis also has 1–2 cauline leaves which are long; both leaf types are grass-like, flat, linear, straight and possess parallel veins. The leaf tips are obtuse, acuminate, involute, caducous and slightly swollen. Both the blade adaxial and abaxial surfaces are glabrous, with sparse, white, non-glandular hairs along the blade margins. The inflorescence of Luzula nivalis is congested in a single, dark, many-flowered head 0.8–1.0 × 0.6–0.9 cm in size; between 5–60 small flowers can be found in each inflorescence.
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Ammonitina comprises a diverse suborder of ammonite cephalopods that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era. They are excellent index fossils, and it is often possible to link the rock layer in which they are found to specific geological time periods. The shells of Ammonitina are typically planospiral; coiled in a plane, symmetrical side to side. Shells vary in form, including those that are evolute, such that all whorls are exposed, and those that are strongly involute with only the outer whorl showing.
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Deltocymatoceras is an involute cymatoceratid (Nautilioidea-Nautilida) with broadly arched whorl sides, strongly convergent on a narrow venter that bears a slight, rounded, keel-like ridge, and with no distinct ventro-latera shoulders. Sides bear cymatoceratid ribs that bifurcate near the middle of the whorl sides, but do not cross the venter. The suture has a somewhat pointed ventral saddle, broad lateral lobes (one on each side) and prominent saddles on the umbilical shoulders (again, one per side). The position of the siphuncle in undetermined.
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The process of folding begins when the cells in the central region of the neural plate, the medial hinge point cells, bind to the notochord beneath them. This creates a central anchoring point for the process of folding to occur, and subsequently creates the neural groove. As the neural folds continue to extend, dorsolateral hinge points form, allowing the folds to curve into a tube-like structure. When the peaks of the folds (known as the neural crest regions) touch, they merge and involute, creating the neural tube beneath the newly formed epidermal layer.
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This culminated in the 1969 publication of The International Register of Dahlia Names by the Royal Horticultural Society which became the central registering authority. This system depended primarily on the visibility of the central disc, whether it was open centred or whether only ray florets were apparent centrally (double bloom). The double bloom cultivars were then subdivided according to the way in which they were folded along their longitudinal axis, flat, involute (curled inwards) or revolute (curling backwards). If the end of the ray floret was split, they were considered fimbriated.
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Craspedites, described by Aleksei Petrovich Pavlow in 1892, is characterized by a small, up to about 5 cm in diameter, smooth, essentially involute shell with simple ammonitic sutures. Whorl section is rounded, venter smooth; umbilicus small, exposing the dorsal portion of the inner whorls. Main sutural elements, primary saddles and lobes, are modified by small secondaries. Craspedites was thought to be restricted to the Upper Jurassic Tithonian until discovery of a new species, C. sachsi, described from the Berriasian age of Russia by A. E. Igolnikov in 2012, named in honour of paleontologist V.N. Sachs.
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Enoploceras is a Tainoceratid genus, a nautiloid cephalopod in the order Nautilida, known from Triassic sediments in Europe, India, Timor, and the state of Idaho. Enoploceras is characterised by its moderately involute shell with a broad subquadrarte whorl section; venter and flanks flattened; ventral and umbilical shoulders sharply rounded; flanks with nodes at ventral or umbilical shoulders or both, and with radial ribs and sinuous growth lines; umbilicus deep, straight walled, and with small perforation. The siphuncle is subcentral. Sutures form shallow lobes on the venter, flanks and dorsum.
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Condraoceras is a genus of liroceratids from the Pennsylvanian of North America and Lower Permian of Europe with a compressed, involute, nautiliconic shell; subcircular whorl section; small umbilicus with a rounded shoulder; suture with shallow ventral and lateral lobes; and narrow subcentral siphuncle. Liroceras, from the same time and type of the family, differs in having a reniform whorl section and essentially straight sutures at maturity. Peripetoceras, another related genus, has a flattened venter, slight ventral and lateral lobes in the suture, and a siphuncle offset dorsally from the center.
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Gonionautilidae is a family in the nautilid superfamily Clydonautiliaceae that contains only the genus Gonionautilus, known from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of Europe and North America. (Alps, state of Nevada) Gonionautilus has a smooth, compressed involute shell with a narrow flattened venter and angular ventral shoulders. The suture resembles that of Clydonautilus, from which it must have been derived, except for the more highly developed median saddle and bifurcated dorsal lobe. Gonionautilus (Gonionautilidae) is one of a number of advanced nautiloid cephalopods that developed sutures resembling those of some goniatites in the Ammonoidea.
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Pseudohaploceras is a genus of desmosceratid ammonites from the Early Cretaceous; Valanginian to Albian epochs. The genus is distinguished by its moderately involute, slightly to moderately compressed shell with convex sides and regular straight or sinuous constrictions between which are fairly fine, distinct, sharp or rounded branching ribs extending from the umbilical edge and crossing the venter, the outer rim. Pseudohaploceras is considered an offshoot of early Valdedorsella, which differ in having a more broadly rounded whorl section and generally straight radial constrictions. It is included in the subfamily Pizosiinae.
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The Cymatoceratidae is a family of Mesozoic and early Cenozoic nautiloid cephalopods and the most abundant of this kind in the Cretaceous. They are characterized by ribbed, generally involute shells of varied form - coiled such that the outer whorl envelops the previous, as with Nautilus, and sutures that are variably sinuous.Kummel 1964. Nautiloidea-Nautilida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part K; Teichert and Moore (eds), Geological Society of America and University of Kansas press Cymatoceratids first appear in the Middle Jurassic, derived from the Lower Jurassic Cenoceras (Nautilidae) and extend as far as the Oligocene.
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The leaves are oval, long and broad, oblique at the base, acute or rounded at the apex, with a wavy-toothed or shallowly lobed margin, and a short, stout petiole long; the midrib is more or less hairy, stout, with six to seven pairs of primary veins. The young leaves open involute, covered with stellate rusty down; when full grown, they are dark green above, and paler beneath. In fall, they turn yellow with rusty spots. The leaf stipules are lanceolate, acute; they fall soon after the leaf expands.
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Mechanism of a scroll pump A scroll compressor, also known as scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump, uses two interleaved spiral-like vanes to pump or compress fluids such as liquids and gases. The vane geometry may be involute, archimedean spiral, or hybrid curves.Tischer, J., Utter, R: “Scroll Machine Using Discharge Pressure For Axial Sealing,” U.S. Patent 4522575, 1985.Caillat, J., Weatherston, R., Bush, J: “Scroll-Type Machine With Axially Compliant Mounting,” U.S. Patent 4767293, 1988.Richardson, Jr., Hubert: “Scroll Compressor With Orbiting Scroll Member Biased By Oil Pressure,” U.S. Patent 4875838, 1989.
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Germanonautilus is a cephalopod genus included in the nautilid family Tainoceratidae, found widespread in the Triassic of North America, Europe, Asia, and north Africa. The shell is a moderately involute nautilicone (a form based on Nautilus); whorl section subquadrate to trapezoidal, widest across the umbilical shoulders, flanks flattened and ventrally convergent, venter flat and wide, dorsum narrowly and deeply impressed. The suture is with broad and deep lateral lobes and a shallow ventral lobe. The siphuncle is central and nummuloidal, composed of expanded segments that give a beaded appearance.
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Stearoceras is an extinct genus of prehistoric nautiloids from the Lower Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) - Lower Permian with a fair worldwide distribution.(Kümmel 1964) Stearoceras is recognized by its involute shell with a depressed subtrapizoidal whorl section and slight ventral and lateral lobes. In contrast Stenoporceras is subdiscoidal and has a suture with broad lateral lobes and a deep ventral saddle as found in syringonautilids.(ibid) Nautiloids are a subclass of shelled cephalopods that were once diverse and numerous but are now represented by only a handful of species.
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The normal post partum uterus is usually less than 2 cm in thickness, and continues to involute on follow up scans to 7 mm or less over time. Retained products are not uncommon, occurring in approximately 1% of all pregnancies, though it more common following abortions, either elective or spontaneous. There is significant overlap between appearance of a normal post partum uterus and retained products. If there is no endometrial canal mass or fluid, and endometrial thickness is less than 10 mm and without increased flow, retained products are statistically unlikely.
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In the case where the rolling curve is a line and the generator is a point on the line, the roulette is called an involute of the fixed curve. If the rolling curve is a circle and the fixed curve is a line then the roulette is a trochoid. If, in this case, the point lies on the circle then the roulette is a cycloid. A related concept is a glissette, the curve described by a point attached to a given curve as it slides along two (or more) given curves.
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Cornuspiracea comprise a superfamily of miliolid forams (Loeblich & Tappan, 1988) in which the test may be free or attached, planispiral or trochospiral, evolute or involute, spreading or discoidal. The proloculus, or initial chamber, is followed by undivided spiral passage or enrolled tubular chamber, later may be irregularly coiled, unicoiled, or show zigzag growth pattern and may be distinctly chambered. The test wall is composed of imperforate porcelaneous calcite, a character of the Miliolida Families and genera in the Cornuspiracea were removed from the Miliolacea where they appear in the Treatise Part C (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).
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The essential property of the tractrix is constancy of the distance between a point on the curve and the intersection of the tangent line at with the asymptote of the curve. The tractrix might be regarded in a multitude of ways: # It is the locus of the center of a hyperbolic spiral rolling (without skidding) on a straight line. # It is the involute of the catenary function, which describes a fully flexible, inelastic, homogeneous string attached to two points that is subjected to a gravitational field. The catenary has the equation .
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Ismailia is a genus of foraminifera with an agglutinated, planispirally coiled, semi-involute shell, known from the Egyptian Sinai, that lived during the early part of the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian). Agglutinated shells (or tests) are composed of selected foreign material cemented together. Ismailia, named by El-Dakkak, 1974, is assigned to the family Charenitidae and to the superfamily Biokovinacea, which are now included in the Loftusiida, an order established by Kaminski & Mikhalevich (2004). Prior to, both the Loftusiacea and Biokovinacea, along with other superfamilies, were included in the Textulariida.
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The families are described as: The Clydonautilidae, named by Hyatt in 1900, were the first to be defined and provide the name for the superfamily. Clydonautilids are characterized by generally smooth, involute, globular to compressed shells with a very small to occluded (hidden) umbilicus and sutures with prominent lobes and saddles. Their range is from the mid to Upper Triassic. The Liroceratidae, named by Miller and Youngquist in 1949, are the ancestral family, which gave rise to the other four, and which has the longest duration, from the Upper Devonian to the Upper Triassic.
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Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post Triassic ammonites. Ceratitids overwhelmingly produced planospirally coiled discoidal shells that may be evolute with inner whorls exposed or involute with only the outer whorl showing. In a few later forms the shell became subglobular, in others, trochoidal or uncoiled. Sutures are typically ceratitic, with smooth saddles and serrate or digitized lobes.
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Dorsetensia is similar in general form to the genus Witchellia, to the point that it had been regarded as a subgenus of the latter or as subgenera of Soninnia along with Witchellia. The prevailing consensus is these are three distinct genera with Dorsetensia and Witchellia distinguished by shell morphology and stratigraphic disjunction. Witchellia is from the middle Lower Bajocian Laeviuscula subzone, Sowebvyi Zone and has a distinct tabulate venter even in smooth involute forms. Dorsetensia is from the middle Bajocian Humphriesianum Zone and has a narrow fastigate (pitched roof) venter.
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Plants produce up to five flowers per season The leaf blades of the summer rosettes of P. elizabethiae are smooth, rigid, and succulent, and green in color. The laminae are generally obovate–spatulate to suborbicular–spatulate, between 35 and 72 millimeters (–3 in.) long and 10–53 millimeters (⅜–2 in.) wide, and have slightly involute margins. The leaf bases are covered in 5–10 millimeter multicellular trichomes. The "winter" or "resting" rosette of P. elizabethiae is 10–20 millimeters (⅜– in.) in diameter and consists of 60 to 125 small, compact, fleshy, non-glandular leaves.
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Stolons allow for vegetative propagation The leaf blades of the summer rosettes of P. orchidioides are smooth, rigid, and succulent, and generally green in color. The laminae are generally ovate to lanceolate, between 20 and 46 millimeters (2–5 in.) long and 6–18 millimeters wide, and have deeply involute margins. These are supported by 10–30 millimeter petioles with ciliate margins. The "winter" or "resting" rosette of P. orchidioides is 6–13 millimeters (¼–½ in.) in diameter and consists of 25 to 36 small, compact, fleshy, non-glandular leaves.
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The new squamocolumnar junction is therefore internal to the original squamocolumnar junction, and the zone of unstable epithelium between the two junctions is called the transformation zone of the cervix. Histologically, the transformation zone is generally defined as surface squamous epithelium with surface columnar epithelium or stromal glands/crypts, or both. After menopause, the uterine structures involute and the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal. Nabothian cysts (or Nabothian follicles) form in the transformation zone where the lining of metaplastic epithelium has replaced mucous epithelium and caused a strangulation of the outlet of some of the mucous glands.
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Spiral bevel gears Spiral bevel gears can be manufactured as Gleason types (circular arc with non-constant tooth depth), Oerlikon and Curvex types (circular arc with constant tooth depth), Klingelnberg Cyclo- Palloid (Epicycloid with constant tooth depth) or Klingelnberg Palloid. Spiral bevel gears have the same advantages and disadvantages relative to their straight-cut cousins as helical gears do to spur gears. Straight bevel gears are generally used only at speeds below 5 m/s (1000 ft/min), or, for small gears, 1000 r.p.m.. Note: The cylindrical gear tooth profile corresponds to an involute, but the bevel gear tooth profile to an octoid.
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When dry they are erect, but when moist they are sinuous with recurved tips and are generally spreading to broadly recurved, or sharply recurved from the base. The leaf sheath is oblong to elliptic in outline, forming an involute (i.e. with inward rolling margins) tube and clasping the stem. This sheath is typically golden yellow and shiny, and it is abruptly contracted to the narrowly lanceolate blade. Using a microscope, the marginal lamina can be seen to be level or erect, narrow, and typically 2 to 3 cells wide, though sometimes as many as 7 cells wide.
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After ovulation, the ovocyte only lives for 24 hours or less without fertilization while the remains of the dominant follicle in the ovary become a corpus luteum; this body has a primary function of producing large amounts of progesterone. Under the influence of progesterone, the uterine lining changes to prepare for potential implantation of an embryo to establish a pregnancy. If implantation does not occur within approximately two weeks, the corpus luteum will involute, causing a sharp drop in levels of both progesterone and estrogen. The hormone drop causes the uterus to shed its lining in a process termed menstruation.
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The distinctive leaf sheath common to all Commelinaceae involute unfurling of the leaf in most Commelinaceae can be seen in the background; also note the clawed petals, polymorphic stamens, and dimorphic petals in this species Plants in the Commelinaceae are usually perennials, but a smaller number of species are annuals. They are always terrestrial except for plants in the genus Cochliostema, which are epiphytes. Plants typically have an erect or scrambling but ascending habit, often spreading by rooting at the nodes or by stolons. Some have rhizomes, and the genera Streptolirion, Aetheolirion, and some species of Spatholirion are climbers.
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Acanthonautilus is an extinct genus in the nautilid family Solenochildae (Aipocerataceae) from the Upper Mississippian of North America and equivalent (uL Carb) strata in Europe, first described by Foord in 1896. Acanthonautilus, like Solenochilus, has an involute, globular shell of few volutions that enlargens with fair rapidity, with prominent lateral spines extending from the umbilical area at maturity. The siphuncle in Acanthonautilus is narrower than in Solenochilus and not as sinuous. As with Solenochilus, septal necks on the outer, or ventral, side are straight, but those on the inner, or dosal, side rather than being recumbent are simply curved, cytochoanitic.
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The cap has expanded and ripped most of the silky cortina of this specimen, revealing lilac gills that will later become brownish when the spores develop. The cap is in diameter, initially spherical to convex, then flattened or depressed, at first with thin, involute margin, bearing fragments of veil when young. The cap surface is sticky and smooth, orangish-yellow, with a light ochre tint, and yellower at the edge than in the middle, where the color is more rusty yellow. The gills are crowded closely together, usually somewhat emarginate (notched), thin and not very broad (5–8 mm).
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Neoglaphyrites is a gonititid ammonite that lived during the latest Pennsylvanian and early Permian. Its shell is ellipsoidal and moderately involute; the umbilicus deep and typically less than 15 per cent of the shell diameter but in some species closer to 20 per cent. Delicate growth lines forming ventral and lateral sinuses and ventrolateral and dorsolateral salients have been found on Canadian Arctic specimens. The suture is characterized by the ventral lobe split into two broad prongs that are separated by a high median ventral saddle; prongs closely approximate the width of the first lateral lobe.
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Individuals of this species are grouped into shrubs of “capillary”-like branching pattern with green leaves covering the understory and pink flowers outgrowing them. The muhly grass is a cespitose perennial that grows to be tall and wide. The blades are rolled, flat to involute during maturity and are about 15–35 cm long and 1.3–3.5 mm wide at the base with tapering or filiform tips. The sterns are erect or decumbent at the base of the shrub. The leaves are inflorescence and narrow with a contracted or open panicle of small spikelets, each spikelet being 1-flowered and rarely 2-flowered.
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Amaltheidae is a family of eoderoceratoidean ammonitids from the Lower Jurassic consisting of genera characterised by stigated discoidal oxycones—narrow involute shells with narrowly rounded to angular venters that bear a series of grooves, or ridges, along broad flanks, which according to the Treatise L, 1957, evolved into strongly ribbed planulates (discoidal evolute shells) with quadrate whorls, typically with crenulated keels; involving all together four genera. Donovan in Donovan et al. (1981) retains the Amaltheidae in the sense of Arkell, et al. 1957, as shown in the Treatise but synonymizes Pseudoamaltheus with Amaltheus, (a subgenus in the Treatise), reducing the number of valid genera to three.
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Non-circular gear example Another non-circular gear A non-circular gear (NCG) is a special gear design with special characteristics and purpose. While a regular gear is optimized to transmit torque to another engaged member with minimum noise and wear and with maximum efficiency, a non-circular gear's main objective might be ratio variations, axle displacement oscillations and more. Common applications include textile machines,Zarebski I., Salacinski T.: Designing of non-circular gears potentiometers, CVTs (continuously variable transmissions),Laczik- Involute Profile of Non-Circular Gears window shade panel drives, mechanical presses and high torque hydraulic engines. A regular gear pair can be represented as two circles rolling together without slip.
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Grousers may be permanently attached to, or formed as a single piece with, the track shoe, or they may be bolted onto the track shoe for ease of replacement as they become worn. While grousers are usually straight, they may have more complex shapes, including spikes and involute curves, depending on the type of terrain and the performance requirements of the vehicle. Grousers are typically made of metal, such as forged steel, and are not designed for use on paved roads. Various devices, with names such as road bands, have been developed to temporarily cover grousers/cleats in order to allow a vehicle to travel on paved roads.
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Hemigordiopsidae is a miliolid family included in the Cornuspiracea (Loeblich & Tappan 1988) that has a range extending from the Early Carboniferous (Visean) to the present. Hemigordiopsids are characterized by tests in which the proloculus, or first chamber, is followed by an undivided tubular second chamber that is streptospirally coiled, (like a ball of string),at least in early stage, later may be planispiral, involute, or evolute. Two subfamilies are included, the Hemigordiopsinae and Shanitinae. The Hemigrodiposinae, which as the same range as that of the family, includes some seven genera, five of which were removed from the Cyclogyrenae in the Treatise (Loeblich & Tappan 1964), and one from the Nubeculariinae, same.
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Aturia is an extinct genus of Paleocene to Miocene nautilids within Aturiidae, a monotypic family, established by Campman in 1857 for Aturia Bronn, 1838, and is included in the superfamily Nautilaceae in Kümmel 1964. Aturia is characterized by a smooth, highly involute, discoidal shell with a complex suture and subdorsal siphuncle. The shell of Aturia is rounded ventrally and flattened laterally; the dorsum is deeply inpressed. The suture, one of the most complex in the Nautiloidea, has a broad flattened ventral saddle, narrow pointed lateral lobes, broad rounded lateral saddles, broad lobes on the dorso-umbilical slopes, and a broad dorsal saddle divided by a deep, narrow median lobe.
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Eutrephoceras dorbignyanum The fossil record of Nautilidae begins with Cenoceras in the Late Triassic, a highly varied genus that makes up the Jurassic Cenoceras complex. Cenoceras is evolute to involute, and globular to lentincular; with a suture that generally has a shallow ventral and lateral lobe and a siphuncle that is variable in position but never extremely ventral or dorsal. Cenoceras is not found above the Middle Jurassic and is followed by the Upper Jurassic- Miocene Eutrephoceras. Eutrephoceras is generally subglobular, broadly rounded laterally and ventrally, with a small to occluded umbilicus, broadly rounded hyponomic sinus, only slightly sinuous sutures, and a small siphuncle that is variable in position.
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The Nautilina is the last suborder of the Nautilida and the only nautiloids living since the end of the Triassic. The Nautilina, proposed by Shimanskiy, is basically the Nautilaceae of Kummel, 1964, defined by Furnish and Glenister, but differs in omitting two families, the Paracenoceratidae and Pseudonautilidae which instead are placed in the Liroceratina. The Nautilina are derived from the Syringonautilidae, a family in the Centroceratina (Trigonocerataceae), in the Late Triassic and consists of four families, the Nautilidae, Cymatoceratidae, Herocoglossidae, and Aturiidae. The Nautilidae which is the root stock of the suborder includes the living Nautilus The Nautilidae are involute or slightly evolute and generally smooth with straight to sinuous sutures.
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Its sepals are broadly ovate or suborbicular, cuspidate, reflexed at length, The outer petals are similar, but are much larger than the sepals. The inner petals are thick and fleshy with an involute margin that causes them to resemble a human ear. When fresh, the pungent flowers are greenish-yellow with the inner surface of the inner petals tending towards orange, at length turning brownish-purple or maroon, breaking with a bright orange fracture. The dried flowers of C. penduliflorum and related species C. costaricense were traditionally used to give a spicy flavor to chocolate before the arrival of cinnamon and the other Old World spices.
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Siberionautilidae is a family in the nautilid superfamily Clydonautiloidea that contains only the genus Siberionautilus, which comes from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Siberia, Russia. The family, and genus, are characterized by an involute, globular shell covered by fine radial ribs, with flattened flanks that converge toward a rounded venter, distinct umbilicus with rounded shoulders, differentiated suture, and central siphuncle. The suture is goniatitic with the ventral or median saddle of the Clydonautilidae, subdivided so as to have a deep finger-like median ventral lobe bracketed by finder-like secondary lobes and saddles, and on either side, a large claw-like asymmetric lateral lobe. Like Gonionautilus, Siberionautilus is derived from the Clydonautilidae, only the genus is unspecified.
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Pseudohaloritidae is the larger of two families that form the goniatitid superfamily Pseudohaloritoidea, the other being the monogenerc Maximitidae. They are part of the vast array of shelled cephalopods known as ammonoids that are more closely related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, than to the superficially similar Nautilus.The Paleobiology Database 11/17/09 The Pseudohaloritide which now contains some 14 genera in three subfamilies is characterized by small, subdiscoidal to subglobular, involute shells, the surface of which may be smooth or with coarse longitudinal lirae and/or transverse ribs. The siphuncle is retrosiphonitic, a hold-over character from the nautiloids, usually subcentral or situated within dorsal septal flexure but ventral-marginal in first and second whorls.
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Standard profile angle In tools for cutting, grinding, and gaging gear teeth, the profile angle is the angle between a cutting edge or a cutting surface, and some principal direction such as that of a shank, an axis, or a plane of rotation. Standard profile angles are established in connection with standard proportions of gear teeth and standard gear cutting tools. Involute gears operate together correctly after a change of center distance, and gears designed for a different center distance can be generated correctly by standard tools. A change of center distance is accomplished by changes in operating values for pitch diameter, circular pitch, diametral pitch, pressure angle, and tooth thicknesses or backlash.
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The cycloidal gear profile is a form of toothed gear used in mechanical clocks, rather than the involute gear form used for most other gears. The gear tooth profile is based on the epicycloid and hypocycloid curves, which are the curves generated by a circle rolling around the outside and inside of another circle, respectively. When two toothed gears mesh, an imaginary circle, the pitch circle, can be drawn around the centre of either gear through the point where their teeth make contact. The curves of the teeth outside the pitch circle are known as the addenda, and the curves of the tooth spaces inside the pitch circle are known as the dedenda.
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The way in which the leaves typically unfurl from bud is a distinctive feature of the family: it is termed involute, and means that the margins at the leaf base are rolled in when they first emerge. However, some groups are supervolute or convolute. The inflorescences occur either as a terminal shoot at the top of the plant, or as terminal and axillary shoots arising from lower nodes, or rarely as only axillary shoots that pierce through the leaf sheath such as in Coleotrype and Amischotolype. The inflorescence is classed as a thyrse, and each subunit is made up of cincinni; this basically means that flowers are grouped in scorpion's tail- like clusters along a central axis, although this basic ground plan can become highly modified or reduced.
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One of the major characteristics of vertebrate immunology is thymic involution, the shrinking (involution) of the thymus with age, resulting in changes in the architecture of the thymus and a decrease in tissue mass. This process is genetically regulated, with the nucleic material responsible being an example of a conserved sequence — one maintained through natural selection (though the pressures shaping this are unclear as will be discussed) since it arose in a common ancestor of all species now exhibiting it, via a phenomenon known to bioinformaticists as an orthologic sequence homology. The thymus involutes in almost all vertebrates, from birds, teleosts, amphibians to reptiles, though the thymi of a few species of sharks are known not to involute. T-cells are named for the thymus where T-lymphocytes migrate from the bone marrow to mature.
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The geometric requirement that ensures smooth movement of contacting gear teeth is known as the fundamental law of gearing. This law states that for two bodies rotating about separate centers and in contact along their profiles, the relative angular velocity of the two will be constant as long as the line perpendicular to the point of contact of their two profiles, the profile normal, passes through the same point along the line between their centers through out their movement. A pair of tooth profiles that satisfy the fundamental law of gearing are said to be conjugate to each other. The involute profile that is used for most gear teeth today is self-conjugate, which means that if the teeth of two gears are the same size then they will mesh smoothly independent of the diameters of the mating gears.
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A horizontal CNC Gear Hobbing Machine A horizontal hobbing machine A horizontal hobbing machine Hobbing machines, also known as hobbers, are fully automated machines that come in many sizes, because they need to be able to produce anything from tiny instrument gears up to diameter marine gears. Each gear hobbing machine typically consists of a chuck and tailstock, to hold the workpiece or a spindle, a spindle on which the hob is mounted, and a drive motor. For a tooth profile which is a theoretical involute, the fundamental rack is straight-sided, with sides inclined at the pressure angle of the tooth form, with flat top and bottom. The necessary addendum correction to allow the use of small-numbered pinions can either be obtained by suitable modification of this rack to a cycloidal form at the tips, or by hobbing at other than the theoretical pitch circle diameter.
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