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The works on view at Intertidal are all short films, which together make up one four-channel video, also entitled "Intertidal" (2018).

But intertidal zones offer an evolutionary way-station, courtesy of the Moon.

Cultivation: Seed is grown in trays staked to the intertidal flats of Popponesset Bay.

"Clam gardens give us these very large and undeniable modifications of the intertidal," he says.

As the sea levels rise, the intertidal 'Vice' Zoanthus will begin slowly creeping up the spiral.

Intertidal is on view at ArtCenter/South Florida (924 Lincoln Road, Miami Beach) through April 8.

The Wadden Sea is the largest unbroken system of intertidal sand and mud flats in the world.

But what these humble dwellers of intertidal zones can do with their minds might cause you to reconsider.

Here, we jumped in a couple of skiffs to get a closer look at the region's rich intertidal life.

In 2009, they decided to reclaim one of their traditions by cultivating oysters on five acres of the intertidal zone.

The Moon's gravity produces Earth's tides, and the tides create intertidal zones, transitional areas on the margin between land and sea.

Many of the octopuses were found in the intertidal zone, the area of the beach where the tide comes in and out.

Instead, the scientists matched the cancer's DNA to pullet shell clams, which live in the same intertidal beds off the coast of Spain.

The Wadden Sea is the largest unbroken body of intertidal saltflats and mudflats in the world, and belongs to Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany.

"We know the intertidal zone, but the deep sea is out of sight, out of mind," said Gary Williams, invertebrate zoology curator at the Academy.

They usually reside in what&aposs known as the intertidal zone, the area of the shore exposed at low tide but submerged when waters are high.

Going into the experiment, the researchers knew that raccoons on British Columbia's Gulf Islands were devastating songbirds on land and intertidal crabs and fish in the ocean.

They rely on intertidal flats like those at Mai Po, teeming with nourishing molluscs, worms and crustaceans, as well as plants, to supply the food that fuels their journeys.

This resulted in a 97 percent increase in the abundance of shore crabs, an 81 percent increase in intertidal fish, and a 61 percent increase in red rock crabs.

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Yellow Sea, into which the Yellow River flows, has lost over 35% of intertidal habitat since the early 8003s.

At the edge of another rocky island not far from the haul-out, fat purple sea stars — a constellation of them — sprawled along the intertidal zone, gorging themselves on tiny mussels.

Intertidal — an exhibition by the collective Alliance of the Southern Triangle (AST) and curated by Natalia Zuluaga at Art Center/South Florida — is all but a control room of its own.

In the summer months, these brilliant fish flood the intertidal zones from Alaska to Mexico, bringing a tremendous surge of nutrients to a host of predators, including mink, seals, crabs, and starfish.

Trilobites If you were to stare down into one of a few dozen intertidal pools at low tide, as waves glide in and out, you might have a hard time spotting the robots.

A hedge-fund manager named Franklin, a main character, has developed a successful index to evaluate the investment risk of "intertidal" real estate, the cheap but unstable property on the flood-ravaged coasts.

"Strong storms — especially during El Niño years — are perfectly capable of laying siege to the intertidal zone, breaking apart the sediments, and leaving their contents stranded on shore," Parr wrote in Bay Nature.

That's why archaeologist Duncan McLaren, and his colleagues from the Hakai Institute and the University of Victoria, decided to dig around the intertidal zone of a beach on British Columbia's Calvert Island in search of clues.

A writer for Rocko's Modern Life encouraged Hillenburg to turn The Intertidal Zone into a series, which eventually grew into the adventures of SpongeBob, Patrick Star, Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Sandy, Gary the Snail, and the rest.

Mr. Pickerell and his colleagues propagated local grass seeds to plant: sea grass in the bay, cord grass for the intertidal marsh area, and a native beach grass called Ammophila breviligulata to hold down the sand.

Cultivation: Seed is grown in tumble bags on the northern end of Tomales Bay, near the mouth, then transferred to bags attached to off-bottom racks in the intertidal zone and harvested around one year of age.

The non-profit environmental group World Wildlife Fund on Monday said the oil on board continued to pose a significant risk to the Wadden Sea, the largest unbroken system of intertidal sand and mud flats in the world.

"The dead whale's resting place straddles a rocky shoreline in an intertidal area making it unsafe for the Center's necropsy team to attempt to perform a necropsy," said Giancarlo Rulli, spokesman for The Marine Mammal Center, in a statement.

By removing starfish from research plots — literally throwing them out to sea on the rocky coast of Washington State — Bob showed how the presence of one predatory species, Pisaster ochraceus, could essentially dictate what the rocky intertidal looked like.

Artist Signe Johannessen even staged a cheerful procession from the town square to the local library, where she presented kelp with a medal for heroism (the intertidal zone concealed her great uncle from marauding German soldiers during Norway's occupation in WWII).

"Mangroves are a very important indicator — they can pick up on changes to sea level because the habitat is critically connected to it, being in the intertidal zone," said Norman Duke, a senior research scientist at James Cook University in Australia.

It's worth noting here that Intertidal is a kind of precursor to Art Center/South Florida's upcoming year-long Art in Public Life residency, which will place an artist in direct conversation with city commissioners to address sea level rise.

Here's what is known about him and his show: SpongeBob the character can be traced back to Hillenburg's days teaching at the Orange County Marine Society, where he designed a comic book called The Intertidal Zone to introduce kids to different sea creatures.

Populations of black bears, grizzly bears, wolves, and eagles make their living from the sea, thriving on the salmon that fill rivers in the fall, the spawning herring whose eggs paint beaches white in the spring, and the intertidal invertebrates that live in the interface between the forest and sea year-round.

Anjajavy Forest on Tsingy rocks jutting into the Indian Ocean. Intertidal ecology is the study of intertidal ecosystems, where organisms live between the low and high tide lines. At low tide, the intertidal is exposed whereas at high tide, the intertidal is underwater. Intertidal ecologists therefore study the interactions between intertidal organisms and their environment, as well as between different species of intertidal organisms within a particular intertidal community.

An intertidal wetland is an area along a shoreline that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged at high tide. This type of wetland is defined by an intertidal zone and includes its own intertidal ecosystems.

Intertidal zones are the areas that are visible and exposed to air during low tide and covered up by saltwater during high tide. There are four physical divisions of the intertidal zone with each one having its distinct characteristics and wildlife. These divisions are the Spray zone, High intertidal zone, Middle Intertidal zone, and Low intertidal zone. The Spray zone is a damp area that is usually only reached by the ocean and submerged only under high tides or storms.

Humans are highly dependent on intertidal habitats for food and raw materials, and over 50% of humans live within 100 km of the coast. Therefore, intertidal habitats are greatly influenced by human impacts to both ocean and land habitats. Some of the conservation issues associated with intertidal habitats and at the head of the agendas of managers and intertidal ecologists are: 1\. Climate change: Intertidal species are challenged by several of the effects of global climate change, including increased temperatures, sea level rise, and increased storminess.

Durvillaea bull kelp grow within intertidal and shallow subtidal areas, typically on rocky wave-exposed coastal sites. D. antarctica and D. poha are intertidal, whereas D. willana is subtidal (to 6 m depths). Intertidal species can grow at the uppermost limit of the intertidal zone if there is sufficient wave wash. Species can withstand a high level of disturbance from wave action, although storms can remove plants from substrates.

Earthquake uplift at coastal sites resulted in large-scale die offs of intertidal organisms such as Durvillaea kelp Uplift measured in the intertidal zone at Kaikōura Uplift along the coast at Kaikōura (up to 6 metres) exposed the intertidal zone, which resulted in a large-scale die off of many organisms including Durvillaea bull kelp. The loss of Durvillaea kelp caused ecological disturbance, significantly affecting the biodiversity of the local intertidal community.

A rock, seen at low tide, exhibiting typical intertidal zonation. Because intertidal organisms endure regular periods of immersion and emersion, they essentially live both underwater and on land and must be adapted to a large range of climatic conditions. The intensity of climate stressors varies with relative tide height because organisms living in areas with higher tide heights are emersed for longer periods than those living in areas with lower tide heights. This gradient of climate with tide height leads to patterns of intertidal zonation, with high intertidal species being more adapted to emersion stresses than low intertidal species.

Perna canaliculus occurs around all of New Zealand's mainland. It is usually found below the intertidal zone, but it can occur in the intertidal zone. P. canaliculus feeds on various types of phytoplankton.

However, since Durvillaea holdfasts often grow at the uppermost limit of the intertidal zone, these uplift estimates are slightly less accurate compared to measures derived from other intertidal kelp such as Carpophyllum maschalocarpum.

Matachia is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by R. de Dalmas in 1917. Originally placed with the Psechridae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1970.

On intertidal muddy sand flats near mangroves or sea weed.

Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network, known by its abbreviation CITiZAN, is a community archaeology project working in areas of England's coastline documenting coastal and intertidal history before it is washed away by tidal forces.

This marine species occurs off Socorro Island in the intertidal zone.

McDonald, G. (2015). Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

This marine species occurs in the intertidal zone off Western Australia.

The natural habitat of A. rodecki is the marine intertidal zone.

The natural habitats of P. plei are forest and marine intertidal.

This species lives high up in the intertidal zone on rocks.

Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. 690 pp.

The high intertidal zone is only covered by the highest of the high tides, and spends much of its time as terrestrial habitat. The high intertidal zone borders on the splash zone (the region above the highest still-tide level, but which receives wave splash). On shores exposed to heavy wave action, the intertidal zone will be influenced by waves, as the spray from breaking waves will extend the intertidal zone. Depending on the substratum and topography of the shore, additional features may be noticed.

A rocky shore is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates. Rocky shores are biologically rich environments, and are a useful "natural laboratory" for studying intertidal ecology and other biological processes. Due to their high accessibility, they have been well studied for a long time and their species are well known.J H Connell, Community Interactions on Marine Rocky Intertidal Shores. 1972.

Currently, most cases are located on the west coast of North America, affecting sea stars from Baja California to the gulf of Alaska."Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring: Trends and Synthesis." Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring. N.p., n.d. Web.

Hemigrapsus penicillatus lives in the intertidal zone on stony or muddy shores.

It occurs in the intertidal zone and at depths down to about .

This genus lives from the intertidal zone to 80 m in depth.

This species lives in the rocky intertidal zone, sometimes in coral reefs.

The preferred habitats of S. richardi are forest, shrubland, and marine intertidal.

The estuary consists of adjoining marine and intertidal habitats with an elevation no more than one metre. Four islands are located within the estuary, and the intertidal sandbars give way to mudflats "supporting rich growths of Zostera". The site is surrounded by cultivated grasslands. The marine area is shallow, at most two metres deep in intertidal areas, and somewhat deeper in the river channel.

The shores in this area are a mixture of intertidal mud, sand, and salt flats, estuarine waters, intertidal marshes, freshwater ponds, swamps, and forested peatlands.Southern James Bay Migratory Bird Sanctuary fact sheet These elements make an abundance of wildlife.

The preferred natural habitats of S. sloanii are the intertidal zone and shrubland.

This species was described from the intertidal zone of the Xisha Islands, China.

The sanctuary protects marine and intertidal wildlife. Industrial activities and hunting are prohibited.

It is found attached to rocks in the middle to low intertidal zones.

This species was described from the intertidal zone, Hill Street, San Diego, California.

Mopalia hindsii is a species of medium-sized chiton that grows up to 7 cm long. Most commonly found in intertidal zones, M. hindsii enjoys protected areas and has a white ventral side unlike most intertidal chitons that are orange underneath.

The orange-peel doris lives in the intertidal and subtidal zones on rocky shores.

Species in this genus live from the intertidal zone to 370 m in depth.

Aiteng ater lives "amphibiously" in mangrove forests in the intertidal zone, on the mud.

This species occurs in the Eastern Indian Ocean in the intertidal zone off India.

19 aquariums display local species of Charente-Maritime coasts and of the intertidal zone.

These factors restrict it to deeper intertidal waters than some other plants.Lan, C. Y., et al. (2005). Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence reveals mechanisms for habitat niche separation of the intertidal seagrasses Thalassia hemprichii and Halodule uninervis. Marine Biology 148(1) 25-34.

Within the intertidal regions, Axiidea can be used as fishing bait or even for human consumption. Axiidea rarely range into the deep sea with depths more than , instead with 95% of species preferring the shallow water of intertidal or subtidal (less than ) areas.

Intertidal habitats can be characterized as having either hard or soft bottoms substrates. Rocky intertidal communities occur on rocky shores, such as headlands, cobble beaches, or human-made jetties. Their degree of exposure may be calculated using the Ballantine Scale.Ballantine, W.J. (1961).

Taurongia is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by Henry Roughton Hogg in 1901. it contains only two species: T. ambigua and T. punctata. Originally placed with the Amaurobiidae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1967.

Chaenogobius annularis is a species of brackish water where it has a demersal habit. It occurs along intertidal rocky shores and in rock pools and it is one of the commonest intertidal fish species in the temperate coastlines of the Japanese Archipelago.

Most Murex species live in the intertidal or shallow subtidal zone, among rocks and corals.

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand found on rocks and at intertidal depths.

Dironids live in various habitats, including the intertidal zone of rocky shores, bays and estuaries.

This is an intertidal species, found on rocky shores in Malaysia, Singapore and Indo-China.

It is a sand dwelling species that can be found on intertidal shallow sand flats.

Doto kya feeds on hydroids.McDonald, G., 2015. Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

This species lives in intertidal and sublittoral zones, to a depth of around 80 m.

This species was described from the intertidal zone at Goat Island Bay, Leigh, New Zealand.

Chamaesipho tasmanica is an intertidal shoreline barnacle of Australia. Its principal range centers in New South Wales, and Tasmania. Columnar colonies can be found on high intertidal rocks relatively free of dense seaweed. Individuals are small, less than 15 mm, and grayish in color.

Along most shores, the intertidal zone can be clearly separated into the following subzones: high tide zone, middle tide zone, and low tide zone. The intertidal zone is one of a number of marine biomes or habitats, including estuary, neritic, surface, and deep zones.

Polycera marplatensis is common in the intertidal zone where it feeds on the Bryozoan Bugula sp..

Fissurellids live in habitats on and under rocks in the lower intertidal zones to deeper waters.

This limpet lives in the splash zone, higher up in the intertidal zone than Cellana sandwicensis.

This marine species occurs off New Zealand, off Auckland Island and Campbell island at intertidal depths.

The southernmost Golfe d'Arguin describes a homoclinal ramp profile with vast intertidal plains around Tidra Island.

This species feeds on the sponge Haliclona sp.. It is most common in the intertidal region.

Amphinecta is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1898.

Calacadia is a genus of South American intertidal spiders first described by H. Exline in 1960.

Quemusia is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders first described by V. T. Davies in 1998.

Tanganoides is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders first described by V. T. Davies in 2005.

Tide pools with sea stars and sea anemone in Santa Cruz, California In addition to being shaped by aspects of climate, intertidal habitats—especially intertidal zonation patterns—are strongly influenced by species interactions, such as predation, competition, facilitation, and indirect interactions. Ultimately, these interactions feed into the food web structure, described above. Intertidal habitats have been a model system for many classic ecological studies, including those introduced below, because the resident communities are particularly amenable to experimentation. One dogma of intertidal ecology—supported by such classic studies—is that species' lower tide height limits are set by species interactions whereas their upper limits are set by climate variables.

Intertidal flora and fauna inhabit more than of rocky coastline. The nutrient-rich marine waters cover the intertidal plants and animals twice a day. Pools of calm water form among the rocks around low tides, inhabited by starfish, dog whelks, blue mussels, sea cucumbers, and rockweed.

Off the coast of California, with the exception of a persistent population in Diablo Cove, Norrisia norrisi primarily occurs south of Point Conception in the low intertidal and shallow subtidal zones.Morris, R.H., D.P. Abbott and E.C. Haderlie. 1980. Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA.

In 2015 MOLA became the host for the Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network, known by its abbreviation CITiZAN, a community archaeology project working in areas of England's coastline documenting coastal and intertidal history before it is washed away by tidal forces led by Gustav Milne.

Lathyarcha is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1908. it contains only three species: L. cinctipes, L. inornata, and L. tetrica. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Matachiinae (subfamily of Amaurobiidae) in 1967.

This endemic species occurs in the sea along Southern Australia. These beautiful cowries live from the intertidal zone to the deep reef, but they prefer shallow waters, near the intertidal rocky seabed. At dawn or dusk they start to prey on sponges, foraminifera, algae and small crustaceans.

A common inhabitant of the rocky reef subtidal or the rocky shore intertidal, adult seven-armed seastars have been found down to 150m.Marine Life Database A. scabra has unique roaming habits – there is never a permanent home. Therefore migratory and resident A. scabra in a location all result from random movement. Juveniles are more adventurous than adults in the coastal intertidal - they show considerable movement patterns within the intertidal and shallow sublittoral zones, not venturing beyond 20m in depth.

Mussels completely covering rocks in intertidal zone, in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China Marine mussels are abundant in the low and mid intertidal zone in temperate seas globally. Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones. Certain species of marine mussels prefer salt marshes or quiet bays, while others thrive in pounding surf, completely covering wave- washed rocks. Some species have colonized abyssal depths near hydrothermal vents.

They live in burrows in the intertidal zones of the muddy to sandy beaches of mangrove forests.

This species is known to inhabit the intertidal zone of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, Los Angeles, California.

Found from the intertidal zone to 270 m. Trinchesia caerulea feeds on hydroids of the genus Sertularella.

The eggs, larvae and postlarvae of common dragonets are pelagic while the juveniles prefer the intertidal zone.

Most species are found in the Southern Hemisphere, where they live on algae in the intertidal zone.

Scissurellids occur world-wide, from the intertidal zone down to the abyssal depths, including around hydrothermal vents.

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean in the subtidal and intertidal zone off the Galapagos Islands.

Huara is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1964.

Dunstanoides is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Norman I. Platnick in 1989.

Maniho is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Brian J. Marples in 1959.

Porth Joke intertidal habitat The two main habitats of the SSSI are the sand dunes of Holywell Bay and the calcareous grassland of Cubert Common. Other smaller habitats include meadows, scrubland, wet flushes, woodland, offshore islands and intertidal habitats. These habitats support several invertebrate species and colonies of seabirds.

Western Port supports a mosaic of habitat types including underwater seagrass beds, intertidal rock platforms, sandy beaches, intertidal mudflats, tidal channels, saltmarshes and mangroves. The coastline around Phillip Island is of State significance because of its remnant coastal tussock grasslands and dune scrub, a rare vegetation community in Victoria.

Tide pools at Pillar Point showing zonation on the edge of the rock ledge Washington, western United States. Marine biologists divide the intertidal region into three zones (low, middle, and high), based on the overall average exposure of the zone. The low intertidal zone, which borders on the shallow subtidal zone, is only exposed to air at the lowest of low tides and is primarily marine in character. The mid intertidal zone is regularly exposed and submerged by average tides.

Intertidal zone in Skáleyjar islands at Breiðafjörður, Iceland Breiðafjörður has a spectacular land and seascape consisting of shallow seas, small fjords and bays, and intertidal areas, dotted with about 3,000 islands, islets and skerries. The area contains about half of Iceland's intertidal area and tides can be six metres. The bedrock was formed during rift volcanism in the late Tertiary. The area consists mainly of basaltic lava that was deeply eroded by glaciers during the quaternary age, creating a diverse landscape.

Species within this genus live in the tropical intertidal zone, in muddy areas such as under mangrove trees.

This nudibranch was collected at a number of sites on a cream coloured sponge in the intertidal zone.

This species occurs on intertidal rock boulders in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar and in the Western Pacific.

The sanctuary's habitat consists of dry heath, gravel ridge, intertidal zone, moss carpet, scrub willow, and sedge meadow.

Pseudoalteromonas ulvae is a marine bacterium isolated from the alga Ulva lactuca at the intertidal zone near Sydney.

Epimecinus is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1908.

Paramatachia is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by R. de Dalmas in 1918.

The main types of intertidal wetlands are mudflats (e.g., mangrove swamps) and salt marshes. The mangrove swamps are encountered along tropical shores and are characterized by tree vegetation, while salt marshes are mostly found in temperate zones and are mostly grass ecosystems. Intertidal wetlands are commonly encountered in most estuaries.

Volume 1 Part 3b. The Natural History Museum, London. It grows in the intertidal zone, typically between the upper intertidal zone and the splash zone in cold waters of temperate oceans. In East Asia, it is used to produce the sea vegetable products nori (in Japan) and gim (in Korea).

Barahna is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by V. T. Davies in 2003. The name is derived from baran-barahn, the Bundjalung word for "spider". Originally placed with the Stiphidiidae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders after the results of a 2017 genetic study.

Intertidal and slightly deeper, well camouflaged. Feeds on microscopic algae by everting stomach onto substrate. No planktonic larval stage.

Ken-ichi Ueda, 2015. Photo and discussion on FlickrMcDonald, G., 2015. Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

They inhabit rocky intertidal areas and caves in very shallow water, but they can reach up to of depth.

Fucus is a genus of brown algae found in the intertidal zones of rocky seashores almost throughout the world.

These brittle stars present in crevices and under boulders of intertidal reef platforms, in the upper and middle eulittoral.

The natural habitats of L. saintgironsi are marine, intertidal, and supratidal, from a depth of to an altitude of .

This snail is very common on mud flats in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, in sounds and inlets.

These species do not grow in the intertidal, so they are only available to T. funebralis as drift material.

Forsterina is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967.

Goyenia is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.

Panoa is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.

The preferred natural habitats of P. schneideri are the intertidal and supratidal zones, at elevations from sea level to .

The butterfly crab resides on rocks within the subtidal and low intertidal zones. When its intertidal habitat is exposed to the atmosphere during extreme low tide, it can be found clinging to the substratum in rock crevices or at the base of the seagrass Phyllospadix. It has been found to a depth of .

These chitons can be found in intertidal zones to 40m depths. Heavy waves on rocky shores are favorable. K. tunicata is unique compared to other chitons in that it tolerates direct sunlight. These intertidal zones are susceptible to contamination from industrial activities, timber harvesting, mining, seafood processing, as well as coastal development.

The family Toxopidae has been separated off. Those intertidal spiders that are truly marine commonly live in barnacle shells, which they seal up with silk; this allows them to maintain an air bubble during high tide. They emerge at night to feed on various small arthropods that live in the intertidal zone.

The Longyuan Rudong Intertidal Wind Farm is a 150MW offshore wind farm close to the Rudong County, Jiangsu province, China.

They range in depth from intertidal pools to , or more. They prey on small benthic animals which are swallowed whole.

It can be found on rocks and corals in low intertidal zone and sublittoral to depths of about 30 m.

Ulvaria obscura is an intertidal and subtidal benthic marine algae found in temperate and Arctic ocean waters around the world.

This species is found in various habitats, including the intertidal zone of rocky shores, but also in bays and estuaries.

Doto columbiana feeds on the hydroid Aglaophenia sp., family Aglaopheniidae.McDonald, G., (2015). Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

Arcuatula perfragilis is a benthic species which usually occurs in shallow water between 0-30m on intertidal mud and sand.

Makora is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973.

Mamoea is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973.

Paramamoea is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973.

Reinga is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973.

This species lives buried in the sand, in the intertidal zone and to a depth of up to 250 m.

These highly territorial birds are found in intertidal zones and mangrove swamps on all of the islands of Galápagos Province.

This grass forms dense carpets or meadows on the substrate, sometimes mixing with other seagrasses and algaes. It occupies the lower intertidal zone, and it is less tolerant of exposure to air than are plants of the upper intertidal zone such as Thalassia hemprichii. It desiccates quickly. It is also sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.

Cymodocea can be found in clear water and in the high intertidal areas. It is a hardy species and it is adaptable to marginal conditions. Just like other intertidal species, it can commonly be confused with other species of its kind. This species can not handle full exposure at low tide and dry conditions.

The mussels expanded its vertical distribution and 40% of the available space in the ecosystem was inhabited by these organisms. Paine proposed that S. australis is a keystone species of the rocky intertidal of New Zealand since it is responsible for maintaining not only the intertidal zonation, but the diversity of species within this ecosystem.

In addition, such adaptations generally cost the organism in terms of energy (e.g. to move or to grow certain structures), leading to trade-offs (i.e. spending more energy on deterring predators leaves less energy for other functions like reproduction). Intertidal organisms, especially those in the high intertidal, must cope with a large range of temperatures.

For example, high intertidal organisms have a stronger stress response, a physiological response of making proteins that help recovery from temperature stress just as the immune response aids in the recovery from infection. Intertidal organisms are also especially prone to desiccation during periods of emersion. Again, mobile organisms avoid desiccation in the same way as they avoid extreme temperatures: by hunkering down in mild and moist refuges. Many intertidal organisms, including Littorina snails, prevent water loss by having waterproof outer surfaces, pulling completely into their shells, and sealing shut their shell opening.

This small snail is endemic to southern and southwestern Australia, including Tasmania. It lives in the intertidal zone, on mud flats.

At the base of the reefs and intertidal pools, it lives in turbid water, usually to about 20 m in depth.

Erronea ovum lives in the tropical and subtropical zone, in shallow intertidal water up to of depth, mainly on coral reefs.

Coastlines and intertidal zones of subantarctic islands, especially around seabird and seal colonies, as well as the vicinity of human habitation.

Species of Nerita can be found worldwide in tropical waters in the middle and upper intertidal zones. They are gregarious herbivores.

Euidotea durvillei is found on red seaweeds in the low to shallow subtidal regions of the intertidal zone of rocky shores.

Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.

Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of remote operated vehicle (ROV) submarines.

Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.

Manjala is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders first described by V. T. Davies in 1990. it contains only three species.

Austmusia is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders first described by Michael R. Gray in 1983. it contains only three species.

Buyina is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders first described by V. T. Davies in 1998. it contains only two species.

Cunnawarra is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders first described by V. T. Davies in 1998. it contains only two species.

Penaoola is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders first described by V. T. Davies in 1998. it contains only two species.

Other habitats include mangrove roots, rocks, pieces of shell, seagrass meadows and coral reefs on flats in the lower intertidal zone.

The preferred habitats of S. nicholsi are forest, shrubland, and marine intertidal, but it may also be found in introduced vegetation.

"Nearshore" is most commonly defined as the backshore, intertidal and shallow subtidal areas of shoreline. In Washington, for example, the Shoreline Management Act defines the upland edge of this area to be behind the shoreline. Many groups also consider the nearshore to go fairly deep beyond the intertidal zone. More than 10,000 streams and rivers drain into Puget Sound.

Gnorimosphaeroma oregonense, the Oregon pill bug, is a small intertidal isopod crustacean. It is an oval-shaped organism roughly 6 mm in length, and about twice as long as it is wide. The primary habitat of G. oregonense is the mid- Californian to Alaskan coast, where it inhabits tidal pools and the intertidal region up to depths of .

Tidal movements of water creates zonation patterns along rocky shores from high to low-tide. The area above the high-tide mark is the supralittoral zone which is virtually a terrestrial environment. The area around the high-tide mark is known as the intertidal fringe. Between the high and low-tide marks is the intertidal or littoral zone.

2016 Geng, X., M. C. Boufadel and N. Jackson (2016). "Evidence of salt accumulation in beach intertidal zone due to evaporation." Scientific Report 6(31486; doi: 10.1038/srep31486): 1-5.). The TMARUN model was used to explain the presence of high salinity (100 g/L more than 3 times that of seawater) in the intertidal zone of beaches.

The normal tide pool is separated into two main zones. The Intertidal zone and the Subtidal zone. The Intertidal zone is only covered with sea water during high tide, while the Subtidal zone is closer to the ocean and is covered during low tide. The distinctive separation of organisms into bands along the shoreline is called Zonation.

The mangrove oyster is found in tropical intertidal zones. It grows on the bark of the stilt sections of mangrove trees, which are exposed during low tides and covered during high tides. It can also be found on some other suitable intertidal substrates in its range. This oyster has evolved to survive exposed to the air during low tides.

This species was described from two specimens collected in the intertidal zone at Jesser Point, Sodwana Bay National Park, Natal, South Africa.

It can be found in temperate intertidal marine communities from geographically widespread sites around the southern hemisphere (including South Africa and Australia).

This snail lives on or under rocks and coral in the lower intertidal zone. But it tolerates a wide variety of substrata.

These diurnal nudibranchs can be found exposed on subtidal reefs, rocky habitats and in tide pools or low intertidal, at depths of .

This species lives on sandy bottoms with seagrass meadows, in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas to a depth of about 10 m.

Common in middle to low intertidal zones on rocks exposed to strong surf from Cape Mendocino, Northern California to Baja California (Carlton 2007).

Parvulastra exigua is found from Namibia to Mozambique on intertidal zones up to 3 m, on St Helena, St Paul, and southeastern Australia.

Atlantic surf clams live buried in coarse or fine sand. They live offshore as well as in the low intertidal and surf zones.

Jennifer L. Gaynor, Intertidal History in Island Southeast Asia: Submerged Genealogy and the Legacy of Coastal Capture (Cornell University Press, 2016). p. 120.

Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.Rudman, W.B., 2003 (July 14) Eubranchus rupium (Moller, 1842). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.

The salt marsh and intertidal mud-flats that occupy most of the area have the widest range of salt marsh flora in Suffolk.

The courtship behaviour of the pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformis: reflections of an adaptation to intertidal life. Acta Ethologica 4(2): 109-111. Naturalist drawing.

Research methods include hook-and- line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, fish traps and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.

Sea foam also acts as a mode of transport for both organisms and nutrients within the marine environment and, at times, into the intertidal or terrestrial environments. Wave action can deposit foam into intertidal areas where it can remain when the tide recedes, bringing nutrients to the intertidal zone. Additionally, sea foam can become airborne in windy conditions, transporting materials between marine and terrestrial environments. The ability of sea foam to transport materials is also thought to benefit macroalgal organisms, as macroalgae propagules can be carried to different microenvironments, thus influencing the tidal landscape and contributing to new possible ecological interactions.

Western gulls feed in pelagic environments and in intertidal environments. At sea, they take fish and invertebrates like krill, squid and jellyfish. They are unable to dive and feed exclusively on the surface of the water. On land they feed on seal and sea lion carcasses and roadkill, as well as cockles, starfish, limpets and snails in the intertidal zone.

C. sitchensis can be found from southern Alaska to southern California, where they are common. They live within of the intertidal zone along the exposed coasts of the Pacific Ocean. Intertidal species of Lithodidae prefer habitats of cooler temperatures ranging from and temperatures of during larval development. This causes a restriction on their distribution as water temperatures change due to global warming.

On the outgoing or ebb tides (water level is falling), the larvae move down the water column and are not transported away from the intertidal by the tidal currents. When the larvae have reached a suitable site for settlement, the metamorphosis to the asymmetric body shape takes place. This can take up to 10 days. Recently transformed juveniles settle onto shallow intertidal beaches.

The natural habitats of the leopard fringe-fingered lizard are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and intertidal flats.

These species are very common among the Japanese gastropod fauna on rocks and boulders in the intertidal zone of Japanese waters and adjacent islands.

Aquarium of the Pacific. Long Beach, California. They are found from the intertidal zone to water more than deep, but are most common between .

It grows in the low intertidal zone and to depths of about and can be abundant in lagoon-like areas on the lower shore.

A specimen tentatively identified as A. derijardi was collected in the Seychelles. They are found in the intertidal zone up to a depth of .

This marine species occurs on corals in the intertidal zone of the East China Sea, off the Philippines, Japan, New Caledonia and Queensland, Australia.

Megabalanus is a genus of barnacles in the family Balanidae. Members of the genus grow to in length and inhabit the lower intertidal zone.

They live on rocky shores in the intertidal zone or in shallow water, where they prey on other molluscs by drilling through their shells.

Bunodosoma californicum lives on rocky bottoms from the intertidal zone to the subtidal. It can be found from the Gulf of California to Panama.

It is common in all habitats within the El Muerto Island: rocks and rubble of talus slopes, scrub, hill ridges, and the intertidal zone.

This species dwells on sand, weed and mud flats from the low intertidal to shallow subtidal zones, in 20 foot (6 m) deep water.

The unusual combination of a large body of freshwater and strong tides results in an intertidal habitat that harbors a variety of rare plant species.

The map cowry lives in the intertidal and sublittoral zones, usually in coral reef areas, dwelling under slabs and stones at depths of 45 m.

The previous intertidal habitat was important for the survival of the glasswort species, so the transition to marshland left the native glasswort without its habitat.

In the fall, migrant waterfowl and shorebirds once again arrive in growing numbers to rest and feed on sedge meadows, marshes, and intertidal mud flats.

Song sparrows with areas of shrub cover in their territory, away from the intertidal coastline, have greater over-winter survival, as well higher reproductive success.

The spiral whorls can differ between narrow and robust. They inhabit a wide range of ocean habitats, from the intertidal zone to mid-bathyal depths.

The Intertidal Zone was used as a title for Stephen Hillenburg's old comic strip. The comic strip starred "Bob The Sponge", who became SpongeBob SquarePants.

The lesser electric ray is most commonly found under sand or mud, in intertidal shallow waters, but has been found at depths of up to .

Development along shorelines is dangerous to horseshoe crab spawning, limiting available space and degrading habitat. Bulkheads can block access to intertidal spawning regions as well.

This species was described from the island of Sal, Cape Verde. The specimens were found in the intertidal zone or up to 1 m depth.

The survey was carried out during low spring tides between 2009 and 2011 on rocky intertidal shores along the Atlantic North African and Iberian coastlines.

Tide pools with sea stars and sea anemone Intertidal zones, the areas that are close to the shore, are constantly being exposed and covered by the ocean's tides. A huge array of life can be found within this zone. Shore habitats span from the upper intertidal zones to the area where land vegetation takes prominence. It can be underwater anywhere from daily to very infrequently.

Endemic to New Zealand. Frequent from the low intertidal zone to 30m deep around the two main islands, Stewart Island, and the Chatham and Kermadec Islands.

Habitats include intertidal mud, estuary creeks, saltmarsh, compacted sand and shingle. There is no public access but the site can be viewed from the sea wall.

O. gracilis live in the intertidal zone up to 436 meters deep. They can be found in the Bering Sea, the North Pacific Coast and Japan.

Most records of Hallaxa chani are from the intertidal zone, but Millen (1983 and 1989) found it subtidally at unspecified depths in British Columbia and Alaska.

This brittle star lives in the intertidal zone in shallow water, and can be found under large stones, shells, and around sessile invertebrates such as bryozoans.

Carpediemonas can be found in anaerobic intertidal sediment, where it feeds on bacteria. It can be found co-existing with Cafeteria marsupialis in these anaerobic environments.

The intertidal zone around the Vernon Islands is described in one source as “an important coral reef locality” and as a site for turtles and dugongs.

P. faba is found among its hosts in the intertidal regions of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska to Newport Beach, California, most common in Puget Sound.

This species has been found in Marin, Sonoma, and San Mateo Counties, California. It inhabits the intertidal zone where it clings to the underside of rocks.

This marine species occurs along Queensland and northern Tasmania from the intertidal zone to depths up to 100 m, but most commonly in the subtidal zone.

Calvadosia cruxmelitensis is a stalked jellyfish which inhabits the intertidal and sublittoral zones of rocky coasts in south-western England and the Atlantic coast of Ireland.

Some of these birds travel from as far away as Arctic Siberia and Alaska where they breed, to feed on the intertidal mudflats of Swan Bay.

This species was described from specimens found in the intertidal region at False Narrows, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, Canada feeding on the bryozoan Dendrobeania lichenoides (Robertson, 1900).

The burrowing activities of Sphaeroma terebrans hinder the growth of mangroves, and its wood boring activities limits mangroves to the upper limits of the intertidal zone.

This marine species occurs in the intertidal and adjacent subtidal zones off Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Queensland, Australia, Tuvalu, the Loyalty Islands and the Philippines.

Melibe leonina in kelp forest. M. leonina are common on seagrass and blades of Macrocystis kelp within their range, from the lower intertidal to approximately 37m.

Juveniles are found mostly under rocks and among coarse sands. Empty black turban snail shells are often utilized by another common intertidal animal, the hermit crab.

The intertidal acorn barnacle Tetraclita vitiate Darwin at Heron Island. University of Queensland Papers. Heron Island Research Station: 1(3). Stephenson, W., & Williams, W. T. (1968).

This species was described from the island of Sal, Cape Verde Islands. The specimens were found in the intertidal zone or up to 1 m depth.

This species was described from the Parda reef, Sal island, Cape Verde. The specimens were found in the intertidal zone or up to 1 m depth.

The species can be found in the intertidal zone in sheltered to open coastal sites, in shallow water, tide pools, and also on rock pools and sand.

One species new to science, Suberites diversicolor, was described and a large number of 40 species of intertidal sponges were recorded for the first time in Singapore.

The NWA received the federally designated conservation status on 1 January 1985. Of its in overall size, is a marine area with marine, intertidal, and subtidal components.

Typical inhabitants of the intertidal rocky shore include urchins, sea anemones, barnacles, chitons, crabs, isopods, mussels, starfish, and many marine gastropod molluscs such as limpets and whelks.

Mystacocarida is a subclass of crustaceans, that form part of the meiobenthos. They are less than long, and live interstitially in the intertidal zones of sandy beaches.

The siphons are separated at the tips.Carlton, J. T. (Ed.) (2007). The Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press.

"A Biologically-defined Exposure Scale for the Comparative Description of Rocky Shores". Field Studies Journal. 1 (3). Soft- sediment habitats include sandy beaches, and intertidal wetlands (e.g.

Sydney rock oysters are capable of tolerating a wide range of salinities (halotolerant). They are usually found in the intertidal zone to below the low-water mark.

The lighthouse lantern is operated by the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service monitors offshore bird rookeries and wildlife. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife manages the intertidal animals, and the Oregon Department of State Lands is responsible for the intertidal lands. Lighthouse tours are available. Space on these tours is limited and available on a first-come, first-served basis at the Interpretive Center desk.

In tropical areas, this may include the mangrove palm (Nypa fruticans), the mangrove fern (Acrostichum speciosum), and orchids which grow as epiphytes on the trunks and branches of mangrove trees. Other plants found in association with mangroves include the mangrove lily (Crinum pedunculatum). Mangrove forests share the high intertidal zone niche with coastal or intertidal saltmarshes; plant communities dominated by salt-resistant or salt-tolerant herbs and low shrubs.

The Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO) monitors the health of the kelp forests, rocky shoreline habitats, and coastal current ecosystems of the reserve. The Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network (MARINe) has intertidal sites here, and a Western Regional Climate Center weather station is also located on the reserve. A long term study of the demography of Monterey pines was started in 2001. Southern sea otter studies are ongoing.

The olive rockfish, Acanthoclinus fuscus, is a longfin of the family Plesiopidae. Found only in New Zealand's intertidal zone and in rock pools at low tide, the fish grow to a length of up to . They are permanent inhabitants of the intertidal zone, which demonstrate homing behaviour, and are found in pools among rocks or boulders. If the conditions in these pools become unsuitable they may leave the pools.

Fishing boats at Banc d'Arguin The extensive intertidal flats of Parc National du Banc d’Arguin shelters on the most pristine seagrass beds on earth. Human impact is still at its minimum compared to the other intertidal systems along the East Atlantic Flyway. Only small indigenous community is allowed to fish in the Park boundaries using relatively primitive techniques and tools. No motorized boats are permitted in the area.

The National Parks Board, National Biodiversity Centre and the Tropical Marine Science Institute jointly launched a collaborative project to survey and identify the intertidal sponges around Singapore. The inter-tidal area of Chek Jawa is one of the 24 locations. Although sponges are commonly found on our shores, they are poorly known due to the limited studies conducted. The 1-year study yielded a total of 102 species of intertidal sponges.

The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal environments, the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely inundated, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged. The littoral zone always includes this intertidal zone, and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the meaning of littoral zone can extend well beyond the intertidal zone.

Conservation efforts are focused on trying to eradicate some species (like Spartina) in their non-native habitats as well as preventing further species introductions (e.g. by controlling methods of ballast water uptake and release). 3\. Marine protected areas: Many intertidal areas are lightly to heavily exploited by humans for food gathering (e.g. clam digging in soft-sediment habitats and snail, mussel, and algal collecting in rocky intertidal habitats).

The most important interactions may vary according to the type of intertidal community. The broadest classifications are based on substrates — rocky shore or soft bottom. Intertidal organisms experience a highly variable and often hostile environment, and have adapted to cope with and even exploit these conditions. One easily visible feature is vertical zonation, in which the community divides into distinct horizontal bands of specific species at each elevation above low water.

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 3 m. This species lives on shells and inside shells inhabited by hermit crabs. Low intertidal to subtidal.

Closeup of a red rock crab Cancer productus ranges from Kodiak Island, Alaska to Isla San Martine, Baja California. It inhabits mid-intertidal waters to 79 m depth.

Also with spiral cords, alone or forming a reticulate with the lamellae, or smooth. Brown to whitish, dull. Feeding Mytilidae on intertidal rocks.Forcelli, D. and Narosky, T., 2015.

Individuals from the intertidal zone tend to be larger than those from deeper water, which may be related to the greater churning of the sediment by the tide.

This site has large areas of intertidal mudflats and lagoons with vast numbers of marine invertebrates, which provide food for tens of thousands of wintering and breeding birds.

The shell of Venerupis philippinarum is elongate, oval, and sculptured with radiating ribs.Morris, R.H., Abbott, D.P., & Haderlie, E.C. (1980). Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

The principal plant species is Avicennia marina (Grey or white mangrove) which has colonized the coastline of Garden Island within the intertidal zone, particularly the island’s east end.

Pulau Ketam ("Crab Island", ) is an island located off the coast of Port Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The island is in the intertidal zone and the chief vegetation is mangrove.

This species is widespread along the coast of Mexico including the Baja California peninsula, Ecuador, Nicaragua and Peru. It lives under rocks below the intertidal zone in coastal waters.

Anurida maritima (seashore springtail) is a cosmopolitan collembolan of the intertidal zone. It is often found in aggregations of up to several hundred on the surface of rock-pools.

The headland is designated as part of Carricknath Point to Porthbean Beach and Lower Fal & Helford Intertidal Sites of Special Scientific Interest. At its tip lies St Anthony's Lighthouse.

There are also intertidal mudflats which are nationally important for ringed plovers and other wading birds include redshanks and dunlin. There is no public access to the RSPB reserve.

As in other members of the order Cladophorales, cells are multinucleate. The genus occurs in subtropical or tropical seas, in shallow intertidal and subtidal habitats. Most species are rare.

This rock snail's typical habitat is the mid and lower eulittoral zone of New Zealand's semi-exposed rocky intertidal shores. It is less common on algal-dominated sheltered shores.

Partecosta is a genus of sea snails in the family Terebridae (subfamily Pervicaciinae), the auger snails. They are found in the Indian Ocean in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas.

Cahiers de Biologie Marine 57:35-42. It has been found from the intertidal zone to depths of at least 20 m.Ballesteros, M, Madrenas, E., Pontes, M., et al.

10792 These clingfish are mainly found near the rocky coasts and inside intertidal zones. Lepadogaster is known mostly as a clingfish, meaning that it spends most of its time attached to the surface of rocks. Lepadogaster species normally live in intertidal zones and there is frequent species interaction between other fish and other Lepadogaster species. Some of the species have drastically different behaviors, even though they are only a few feet away.

The estimated size of S. abbreviatus compared to a human hand. The Late Silurian of Herefordshire was home to a wide array of different eurypterids, including species of Erettopterus, Eurypterus, Nanahughmilleria, Marsupipterus, Herefordopterus and potentially Slimonia (depending on the identity of S. stylops). Salteropterus lived in a benthic environment near an intertidal sandy shore and intertidal sandy mudflat environments. This eurypterid fauna coexisted with lingulids, ostracods and cephalaspidimorph fish, such as Hemicyclaspis and Thelodus.

Cockles live in harbours and estuaries in New Zealand. They live in the subtidal to intertidal zone, and when they are in the intertidal zone they live between the low tide mark and the mid tide mark. Cockles are unable to survive above the mid tide mark because of the increased exposure time. Cockles prefer to live in soft mud and fine sand, however they can be suffocated by extremely fine sand.

Harbour seals on intertidal site Harbour seals are the most abundant pinniped in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Much like other pinnipeds, harbour seals haul-out for reasons such as thermoregulation, breeding, mating, moulting, resting, and foraging. They commonly haul-out onto intertidal ledges, mudflats, beaches, and ice floes year round. Haul-out sites are often revisited on a regular basis by the same herd and are heavily affected by tide height.

Desis is a genus of intertidal spiders that was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1837. It is found in Australasia, the Pacific, Japan, eastern and southern Africa, and India. They are truly marine spiders, living in the intertidal zone and only emerging at night on the ebb tide to hunt for invertebrates and small fish. In the day and during high tides, they hide in an air chamber sealed with silk.

The intertidal zone is also home to several species from different phyla (Porifera, Annelida, Coelenterata, Mollusca, Arthropoda, etc.). Water is available regularly with the tides, but varies from fresh with rain to highly saline and dry salt, with drying between tidal inundations. Wave splash can dislodge residents from the littoral zone. With the intertidal zone's high exposure to sunlight, the temperature can range from very hot with full sunshine to near freezing in colder climates.

Retrieved on 29 September 2008. It is predominantly influenced by the sea, though several rivers drain into the bay from the west. In the northwest corner of the bay, the Castletown River cuts through the intertidal zone and the smaller River Fane flows into the southeast corner. While the shores of the bay are largely made up of intertidal flats, there is a significant area of salt marsh on the western shore.

Members of this genus primarily prefer intertidal and sub-tidal habitats, and they are they are less likely to be found in intertidal areas by comparison. This genus was not officially classified until 1926, by T. Gislén. One study found that due to the increased calcification that Acrocnida brachiata causes could be a potential source of Carbon Dioxide for not only the warm, shallow environments they live in, but also for the atmosphere.

This air-breathing sea slug lives in the intertidal zone on rocky shorelines. It is exposed on rocky shores at low tides and retreats to crevices when the tide rises.

Chestnut cowries live in kelp beds and rocky surfaces in intertidal and subtidal zones, to a depth of 45 m. Chestnut cowries are often found under rocks and protected crevices.

It usually lives in the intertidal or shallow subtidal, and is common in estuaries and bays. In the brackish Baltic Sea it lives submerged down to water depths over 100m.

Longiflagrum amphibium is an estuarine species of crustacean in the order Tanaidacea. It is known only from the type locality, which is the intertidal zone at Port Hedland, Northwestern Australia.

One can often find these bubble snails in enormous numbers, burrowing in mud on intertidal and sublittoral beds of green algae such as for example, the sea lettuce, Ulva lactuca.

This sponge lives from the intertidal zone and down to at least 18m underwater.Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008.

Stephens, R. R. (1973). Twinning in Porichthys notatus Girard. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 102(4) 846. The conditions of the intertidal breeding habitat change regularly with the tide.

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs in the subtidal and in the intertidal zone on seaweed off New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania and Western Australia.

The distribution of Enoplochiton niger ranges along the Pacific coast of South America from Coquimbo in Chile to Talara in Peru. It inhabits the intertidal zone, and it is omnivorous.

Its white arenitic sandstones are very distinctive, recognizable from their herringbone cross-stratification that denotes the influence of storm systems. Interbedded green-grey sands and silts represent an intertidal setting.

They feed on megapode eggs and on fish, often emerging from the bush. In the intertidal zone at low tide, it is possible that they would search for dead fish.

Goose barnacles (order Pedunculata), also called stalked barnacles or gooseneck barnacles, are filter-feeding crustaceans that live attached to hard surfaces of rocks and flotsam in the ocean intertidal zone.

Colcarteria is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by Michael R. Gray in 1992. it contains only three species: C. carrai, C. kempseyi, and C. yessabah.

Akatorea is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. it contains only two species, both found in New Zealand.

Neororea is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. it contains only two species, both found in New Zealand.

Oparara is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. it contains only two species, both found in New Zealand.

Rorea is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. it contains only two species, both found in New Zealand.

Mainly distributed in the North Pacific region, such as: South Korea, Taiwan, Mainland China, Japan especially in central Honshu. Can be seen on rocks in intertidal zone and neritic zone.

P. egregia hollows out a cavity in bull kelp holdfasts, usually on exposed rocky coasts, from low intertidal to shallow subtidal zones. Found from Cook Strait south to Stewart Island.

Euretaster insignis is native to the tropical western central Pacific Ocean from the intertidal zone down to about . It is found on coral reefs, rocky coasts, sand and muddy rubble.

Attheya arenicola is a diatom in the genus Attheya. Type material was collected from intertidal sand in Penbre, South Wales.Crawford, R. M., Gardner, C., Medlin, L. K. 1994. The genus Attheya.

This species was described from specimens collected in the intertidal zone at Deadman's Island, San Pedro, California. It has also been reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Japan.

The IBA is an important area for pied oystercatchers The South Arm Important Bird Area is a disjunct tract of mainly intertidal land on the eastern outskirts of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

It is also commonly encountered in the intertidal zone and tidal pools, and has been sighted near seagrass beds. Every summer, considerable numbers of bluespotted ribbontail rays arrive off South Africa.

Calliarthron is a genus containing two species of thalloid intertidal alga. Specimens can reach around 30 cm in size. The thalli take a crustose form. The organisms lack secondary pit connections.

These animals are found off the southern African coast from Luderitz in Namibia to Port Elizabeth in South Africa and have been seen from the intertidal and down to 10m underwater.

Hexapus is a genus of crabs in the family Hexapodidae. It contains only three extant species found in the Indo-West Pacific. They inhabit the intertidal and subtidal areas of shorelines.

Keera is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders containing the single species, Keera longipalpis. It was first described by V. T. Davies in 1998, and has only been found in Australia.

Magua is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders containing the single species, Magua wiangaree. It was first described by V. T. Davies in 1998, and has only been found in Australia.

Bakala is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders containing the single species, Bakala episinoides. It was first described by V. T. Davies in 1990, and has only been found in Australia.

The bullhead triplefin is found in the eastern Indian Ocean around southern Australia, from Western Australia to Victoria and Tasmania at depths down to 5 m. The animal inhabits intertidal areas.

This species is known from around the South African coast where it is found from the Atlantic coast to Knysna. It is known from the intertidal to more than 25 m.

Lunella ogasawarana is native to Chichijima and Anijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan (27˚5´N, 142˚12´E), where it is found in the upper intertidal, on sandy beaches covered with boulders.

Distribution is from San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico, southwest to Mulege, Baja California Sur and south to Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California; Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, intertidal to 82 m.

The islands feature culturally significant sites and traditional use areas of the Mamalilikulla-Qwe’Qwa’Sot’Em and other First Nations in the area. These include culturally significant shell middens and intertidal clam gardens.

The Hortle's whipray is found only off southern Papua province, and perhaps also neighboring Papua New Guinea. It inhabits brackish water estuaries and intertidal mud flats, in water no deeper than .

This jellyfish is found in coastal parts of the Indo-Pacific. In Australia, it occurs off the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. It can also enter intertidal estuaries.

Leptasterias pusilla may be quite numerous in the middle intertidal zone of rocky shores, typically moving around on the top of rocks at night after hiding under them during the day.

This species was described from the Hawaiian Islands. It is a fairly common species in the intertidal zone and shallow water.Pittman, C. & Fiene, P. (2016). Atagema scabriuscula Sea slugs of Hawaii.

Jalkaraburra is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders containing the single species, Jalkaraburra alta. It was first described by V. T. Davies in 1998, and has only been found in Australia.

The Sandy Point land bar leads or extends from an isthmus or land bridge from Flat Bay West in St. George's Bay. This coastal land bridge extends from Flat Bay West towards Stephenville Crossing and is about a total hike to the Sandy Point Lighthouse with about a intertidal barrier. Due to changing tide patterns, extreme caution is required to attempt to cross this intertidal barrier as heavy currents can occur without notice during changing shifts of the tides.

Haystack Rock northwest face Haystack Rock is a sea stack in Cannon Beach, Oregon. It is sometimes claimed locally to be the third-tallest such intertidal structure in the world, but there are no official references to support this. A popular tourist destination, the monolithic rock is adjacent to the beach and accessible by foot at low tide. The Haystack Rock tide pools are home to many intertidal animals, including starfish, sea anemone, crabs, chitons, limpets, and sea slugs.

It divided the sedimentary basin now into two major facies domains: a deeper western domain open to the Atlantic and undergoing infratidal sedimentation (black to blueish argillaceous limestones rich in benthic organisms, microfilaments, and ammonites) and a shallow, enclosed, eastern domain with intertidal sedimentation (variable carbonate facies like pseudo- oolites and banded dolomites, but also anhydrite-bearing evaporites). These intertidal sediments experienced a strong contemporaneous dolomitization. Towards the end of the Middle Jurassic, sea levels fell even further.

A Christmas or Mottled Anemone in Deception Pass State Park, Washington State. Urticina crassicornis, commonly known as the mottled anemone, the painted anemone or the Christmas anemone, is a large and common intertidal and subtidal sea anemone. Its habitat includes a large portion of the coastal areas of the northern hemisphere, mainly polar regions, and it lives a solitary life for up to 80 years.Abbot, Donald P., Hadderlie, Eugene C., Morris, Robbert H. Intertidal Invertebrates of California.

It is common throughout the British Isles, except in parts of Cornwall, the Scilly Isles and south-western Ireland. On the North American coast of the Atlantic Ocean, it reaches as far south as Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and on the Pacific coast, it reaches as far south as British Columbia. S. balanoides is the most common and widespread intertidal barnacle in the British Isles, and the only intertidal barnacle of the north-east coast of North America.

The distribution of Chiton magnificus ranges along the Pacific coast of South America from Concepción Province (Punta Tumbes) in Chile to Talara in Peru. Although there are old claimed records of this species from the Galápagos Islands, these are considered incorrect. It lives at depths of in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, with the vast majority of individuals found in the lower intertidal zone. It inhabits rocky coasts in areas that often have heavy surf.

Oulactis muscosa normally lives in rocky areas of the mid to low intertidal zone, in sand which has settled into cracks and crevices. Usually, only the oral disc and tentacles are visible.

This cold-water species is circum-arctic and can be found in the intertidal zone along Japan, Alaska, the arctic zone of Canada, in European waters (Spitzbergen), in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.

Glyptonotus antarcticus is native to the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, where it occurs in large numbers. It lives on the seabed at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to more than .

Watson, W.,; Walker, H.J. (2004). Records of the Australian Museum 56: 139–142. The reef has no intertidal or emerged sand cay. The surrounding waters are part of the South Equatorial Current.

Pitonga is a monotypic genus of intertidal spiders containing the single species, Pitonga woolowa. It was first described by V. T. Davies in 1984, and has only been found in Northern Australia.

The species is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, at depths from the lower intertidal zone down to about . It is found on both shelly and muddy bottoms.

This species is common on rocks, shells, and pilings in protected bays, but it also lives in sheltered places on the open coast, occurring from the low intertidal zone to subtidal waters.

S. bardukaciculata was found in Halifax Bay, north of Townsville, Queensland at a depth of , and Heron Island, in intertidal coarse sand. Its distribution is thought to include the whole of Queensland.

This species lives high up in the intertidal zone, on rocks. N. plicata has ridges on its shell that helps it stay cool when exposed at low tide by radiating heat away.

The Back Beach beetle (Bembidion (Zecillenus) tillyardi) is a small critically endangered species of ground beetle, found only in the intertidal sand of Back Beach, a small sandspit near Nelson, New Zealand.

Epiactis thompsoni, the red-striped anemone, is a species of marine invertebrate in the family Actiniidae, found in New Zealand and South Australia. They are commonly found in the rocky intertidal zone.

Pagurus sinuatus is found in the intertidal zone along the coasts of the Australian states of New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia, and in the Kermadec Islands (New Zealand).

Acrosorium polyneurum is a species of red algae first described by Okamura. It grows in intertidal and shallow subtidal waters in Japan where it is grazed by the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.

They are separated by about of headland. The important bird area includes the intertidal zone and extends inland to take in other coastal features such as wetlands, including mangroves and playa lakes.

Stephenson, W., & Searles, R. B. (1960). Experimental Studies on the Ecology of Intertidal Environments at Heron Island. I. Exclusion of Fish from Beach Rock. Marine and Freshwater Research, 11(2), 241-268.

The Forest of Fontainebleau in the western end of which Milly-la-Forêt lies, is composed of the Oligocene Fontainebleau sands, which are a marine deposit, laid down in an intertidal zone.

Paul Kwan Chien (born 1 January 1947) is a Chinese-American biologist known for his research on the physiology and ecology of intertidal organisms and his support for intelligent design and creationism.

Namandia is a monotypic genus of Australian intertidal spiders containing the single species, Namandia periscelis. It was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967, and has only been found in Australia.

Porteria is a monotypic genus of South American intertidal spiders containing the single species, Porteria albopunctata. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1904, and has only been found in Chile.

Stichaster striatus is native to the southeastern Pacific Ocean, along the coast of South America. It occurs on rocky and sandy seabeds and among kelp in intertidal areas, with a maximum depth of .

California mussels are found clustered together, often in very large aggregations, on rocks in the upper intertidal zone on the open coast, where they are exposed to the strong action of the surf.

Three families are known with several genera and about twenty species. They are found worldwide from the intertidal zone to the deep ocean, all but one species being benthic (living on the seabed).

These slugs inhabit the upper intertidal zone on gravel substrate in New Zealand and Australia. The development of the veliger is completed in the egg (they do not have a trochophore larval stage).

Lucas, S. G. (2002). The Hyperodapedon Biochron, Late Triassic of Pangea. Albertiana. Similarly, Rhynchosaurus is found in fluvial-intertidal deposits with desiccation along with aeolian deposits with common flash floods.Benton, M. J. (1990).

Pagurus hirsutiusculus is a species of hermit crab, commonly called the hairy hermit crab. It lives from the Bering Strait south to California and Japan, from the intertidal zone to a depth of .

This species can be found under rocks and in spray zones of rocky shores, in the intertidal, shallow subtidal zone of Western Central Atlantic (USA, Colombia, Bermuda, Mexico, Venezuela and the West Indies).

The geology of the island is the product of erosion and reworking of glacial sediments. The reserve protects a sand dune system along with other habitats such as salt marsh and intertidal mudflats.

Species of this family occur in tropical and temperate seas from the intertidal zone to depths of 100 m (330 ft), buried in the sand during the day and becoming active at night.

This species was described from Monterey Bay, California. It is considered by some authors to be a synonym of Eubranchus rustyus.McDonald, G., (2015) Eubranchus rustyus. Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

This species was described from Monterey Bay, , California. It is considered by most authors to be a synonym of Eubranchus occidentalis.McDonald, G., (2015) Eubranchus rustyus. Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

The shield limpet is found in the intertidal zone on rocks and kelp holdfast from Alaska to Baja California.Eogastropoda: Rocky Shore Limpets The largest specimens occur in the northern part of the range.

Codium fragile, known commonly as green sea fingers, dead man's fingers, felty fingers,Codium fragile (Dead man's fingers, felty fingers). Intertidal Organisms EZ ID Guides. Island County Beachwatchers. Washington State University Extension. 2006.

This species is wide spread world wide. In New Zealand it is found in upper to mid-intertidal pool on the coast of the North and South Islands, Chatham Islands and Stewart Island.

Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-11-12 It is native to northwestern Europe where it occurs in the intertidal zone. It is a predator and feeds on sea anemones.

During the planning stage, the creation of additional intertidal marsh and riparian woodlands compensated for the project-related impact upon the intertidal basin. Over subsequent decades, the enclosed 3,500-square-metre constructed marsh and adjacent natural marshes, along the southern shoreline, have proven effective in protecting the plant, fish and wildlife habitat. The City of Richmond funded the $39m construction using debt, existing reserves, and a $5m provincial grant. The scheme was the biggest capital project the city had undertaken to that point.

The phenomenon was famously documented by ecologist Joseph Connell's study of species overlap between barnacles on intertidal rocks. He observed that Chthamalus stellatus and Balanus balanoides inhabited the upper and lower strata of intertidal rocks respectively, but only Chthamalus could survive both upper and lower strata without desiccation. If Balanus was removed from the lower strata, Chthamalus was able to occupy its fundamental niche (both upper and lower strata) which is much larger than its realized niche of upper strata.

The Stilbaai Tidal Fish Traps are ancient intertidal stonewall fish traps (Afrikaans: visvywers) that occur in various spots on the Western Cape coast of South Africa from Gansbaai to Mosselbaai. Only a handful occur on the east coast. There are several concentrations of fish traps on the Hessequa coast between Gouritsmond, 30 km east of Stilbaai, and Witsand, 35 km to the southwest. These fish traps are constructed in such a way that they form pools of varying size in the intertidal zone.

Facilitation may act by reducing the negative impacts of a stressful environment. As described above, nurse plants facilitate seed germination and survival by alleviating stressful environmental conditions. A similar interaction occurs between the red alga Chondrus crispus and the canopy- forming seaweed Fucus in intertidal sites of southern New England, USA. The alga survives higher in the intertidal zone—where temperature and desiccation stresses are greater—only when the seaweed is present because the canopy of the seaweed offers protection from those stresses.

The geographic range of P. planum extends from the lowest levels of the rocky intertidal zone to depths of 30+meters along the Pacific coast of North America, from northern California south to Baja, California A few species surveys report this species in Japan and Peru, but P. planum is best documented in California. Intertidal individuals are attached to sides and upper surfaces of rocks at -1.0 MLLW and below, while subtidal individuals are most typically found attached to vertical rock surfaces.

Beachrock and intertidal sediments, Chemical Sediments and Geomorphology. Academic Press, Inc. groundwater CO2 degassing in the vadose zone,Hanor, J.S. 1978. Precipitation of Beachrock Cements: Mixing of Marine and Meteoric Waters Vs. Co2-Degassing.

This nudibranch species was described from the intertidal region at Duxbury Reef, Marin County, California. It is known from Cape Arago, Oregon, to San Diego, California, USA on the Pacific Coast of North America.

Further intertidal and underwater investigations may produce sites older than 11 ka. Coastal occupation prior to 13 ka would allow for people to migrate further south and account for the early South American sites.

This species occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean and Gulf of California. Its range is from Monterey, California to Baja California. N. inermis can commonly be found on rocky intertidal regions and subtidal mudflats.

This sea hare lives in areas that are sheltered from rough currents. They will often hide in seagrass, sand and mud, feeding on algae. Intertidal rock pools are also a favoured place to live.

Drifting, as discussed above, can be an effective dispersal vector for marine mammals. It has been shown that intertidal benthic invertebrates will utilize sea ice as a raft to travel up to multiple kilometers.

It is found in reefs with depths below 2 m, or reefs exposed to waves, flats, intertidal regions, and sometimes in marginal habitats. The blue coral is listed under CITES Appendixes I and II.

The small island and peninsula are included in South Texada Island Provincial Park, but the head of the bay is private land. The park aims to protect black-tailed deer, birds and intertidal life.

Gustav Milne is a British Archaeologist, writer and TV contributor who is the current project lead for Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN) and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the UCL Institute of Archaeology.

The Javan plover (Charadrius javanicus) is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It is endemic to Indonesia. Its natural habitats are sandy shores and intertidal flats. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), No 50. Obelia are usually found no deeper than from the water's surface, growing in intertidal rock pools and at the extreme low water of spring tides.

The coast of Point Nepean contains intertidal reef platforms with high invertebrate diversity as well as subtidal reefs with diverse communities of fish, invertebrates and encrusting organisms such as ascidians, sponges Dale and bryozoans.

With a height above sea level of , Spectacle Island is now one of the highest points on Boston Harbor. The island's inner harbor acreage is 114, with 85.5 upland acres and 28.4 intertidal acres.

The intertidal zone, the coastal area affected by the tides is about 200 km2 wide. During the highest tide, a tidal bore can be observedless so since the bay has been under restoration work.

Helsonia is a monotypic genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Helsonia plata. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970, and has only been found in New Zealand.

Mangareia is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970. it contains only two species, both found in New Zealand: M. maculata and M. motu.

Rapua is a monotypic genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Rapua australis. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970, and has only been found in New Zealand.

Tuakana is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970. it contains only two species, both found in New Zealand: T. mirada and T. wiltoni.

This is a fairly common species which is present in Mexico, Panama, the United States, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras and Nicaragua. It lives on mud flats and below the intertidal zone to depths of .

Ricketts produced his first scientific publication, a catalog of marine biological specimens recorded in photographs and drawings. Originally meant for advertisement it may well have been the first record of Monterey Bay intertidal species.

This species lives in the intertidal and subtidal zones, in rock pools on many types of substrate, usually rock, and sometimes sponges, algae, gastropod shells and ascidians. It is found at depths down to about .

They settle in the rocky intertidal zone and undergo metamorphosis, living in cracks in the rocks as juveniles before migrating to the neritic zone where they mostly feed on drift algae and fronds of kelp.

Aquimarina agarivorans is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and rod- shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the red algae Gelidium amansii from the intertidal zone from Weihai in China.

Periophthalmus novemradiatus, Pearse's mudskipper, is a species of mudskippers native to marine and brackish waters along the coasts of India. This species is amphibious, dwelling in intertidal areas. It can reach a length of SL.

This species is found mostly in the intertidal zone on the red sponge, Ophlitaspongia aceratoobtusa (family Microcionidae) on which it presumably feeds. Most other species of Rostanga also feed on sponges of the family Microcionidae.

Libinia ferreirae is found off the Atlantic coast of South America in the intertidal zone and at depths down to about . The range extends from Venezuela and the Guianas, through parts of Brazil to Uruguay.

This, although morphologically very similar, has been shown to be a separate species by examination of molecular data. In Australia, Cryptasterina pentagona can be found on the shore of the upper intertidal zone under rocks.

Tigriopus californicus is an intertidal copepod species that occurs on the Pacific coast of North America. This species has been the subject of numerous scientific studies on subjects ranging from ecology and evolution to neurobiology.

Especially small individuals of this species that live in the intertidal zone are predated upon by rock lobsters. Larger individuals largely escape this predator by migrating to deeper waters, where they find a size refuge .

Semibalanus balanoides is a common and widespread boreo-arctic species of acorn barnacle. It is common on rocks and other substrates in the intertidal zone of north-western Europe and both coasts of North America.

Vetigastropods are present in most marine environments from intertidal zones to the deep sea. They exist on rocky substrates, in soft sediments, and some have been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.

This is a boreal species distributed in intertidal and sublittoral zones of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. It has a similar distribution to Balanus balanus, a species with which it is often associated.

This subspecies is found in the low intertidal to subtidal zones around New Zealand at the North Island, South Island, Chatham Islands, Stewart Island, Auckland Island, Campbell Island as well as around the Falkland Islands.

The Darwin's mudskipper is a brackish to freshwater fish. It is found in the intertidal zone, in tidal creeks, and in inlets along mud banks. They are always near mangrove trees. They often group together.

P. palmata is to be found growing from mid-tide of the intertidal zone (the area between the high tide and low tide) to depths of 20 m or more in sheltered and exposed shores.

M. membranacea prefers shallow marine habitats between the mid intertidal to the shallow sublittoral. It may also be found in brackish water. It is typically found attached in colonies to seaweed, shells, or artificial substrates.

They inhabit intertidal and subtidal areas of coral reefs, at depths of . They can sometimes be found living among the spines of flower urchins (Toxopneustes pileolus), burrowing urchins (Echinometra mathaei), and collector urchins (Tripneustes gratilla).

Species in the genus Diodora feed on sponges from the undersides of rocks and boulders. Diodora ruppellii is normally found in the intertidal zone on rocky shores but has been dredged up from gravel substrates.

These are amphibious slugs living in the intertidal zone. They are found on mud or on Vaucheria algae. They are found in higher density on Vaucheria when the algae is above the sea water level.

Mesudus is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by H. Özdikmen in 2007. it contains only three species, all found in New Zealand: M. frondosus, M. setosus, and M. solitarius.

Laminaria sinclairii Laminaria sinclairii is a species of brown algae (class Phaeophyceae), in the family Laminariaceae. It is native to the lower intertidal zone of the northeastern Pacific Ocean from British Columbia southwards to California.

Over 50 square kilometres in area, Sturgeon Bank is a marine preserve located off the west side of the island and is made up of intertidal and subtidal waters. Boating is prohibited in the area.

There is a network of public footpaths for walkers, giving access to the shore and intertidal mudflats of Chichester harbour. The land is largely flat and agricultural, but with sufficient variety and cover for a variety of wildlife. Parts of the Chidham peninsula are potentially at risk from tidal flooding. The west tidebank is in a poor state, but the Harbour Conservancy proposes to realign a section of the bank in autumn 2005; this will have the added benefit of creating of intertidal habitat.

This predatory relationship between starfish and mussels in this intertidal zone was studied by Robert T. Paine in a paper published in 1971. The scientist removed S. australis from the ecosystem for 9 months. In this time, P. canaliculus, with the removal of its primary predator, was able to proliferate and increase its presence and hold in the ecosystem. When expanding their area within the intertidal, the mussels overgrew and outcompeted the other species, decreasing the species richness in the area from 20 species to 14 species.

The Late Silurian of Herefordshire was home to a wide array of different eurypterids, including species of Erettopterus, Eurypterus, Nanahughmilleria, Marsupipterus, Salteropterus and potentially Slimonia (depending on the identity of S. stylops). This eurypterid fauna coexisted with lingulids, ostracods and cephalaspidimorph fish, such as Hemicyclaspis and Thelodus. Herefordopterus lived in a benthic (at the lowest level of water) environment near an intertidal sandy shore and intertidal sandy mudflat environments. The lithology of the site was of green mudstone and sandstone, with mud cracks and pedogenic carbonate (calcrete).

Two individuals of Acanthopleura granulata on a rock at high tide level in Guadeloupe Chitons live worldwide, from cold waters through to the tropics. They live on hard surfaces, such as on or under rocks, or in rock crevices. Some species live quite high in the intertidal zone and are exposed to the air and light for long periods. Most species inhabit intertidal or subtidal zones, and do not extend beyond the photic zone, but a few species live in deep water, as deep as .

M. maorum lives in the benthic zone in soft-sediment and rubble habitats with depths of 0-549m and will sometimes forage in nearby hard-reef habitats and are less common at the fringes between reefal and soft sediment habitats. Rather than settling in a specific location, M. maorum uses temporary shelters. In Tasmania, young M. maorum have been observed settling in intertidal rock pools. Similar sightings of M. maorum in intertidal rock pools have been reported during the summer months in Kaikoura and Banks Peninsula.

Attheya flexuosa is a species of diatoms in the genus Attheya. Type material was collected from Benllech, Gwynedd, North Wales in UK on intertidal sand.Crawford, R. M., Gardner, C., Medlin, L. K. 1994. The genus Attheya.

However, mortality in intertidal open coastal environments is often high, resulting from battering from driftwood and other debris, wave pounding, predation, desiccation, and disease. Predators of California mussels include the Pisaster starfish. They feed on plankton.

Poaka is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Poaka graminicola. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973, and has only been found in New Zealand.

Rangitata is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Rangitata peelensis. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973, and has only been found in New Zealand.

Canala is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Michael R. Gray in 1992. it contains only three species, all found in New Caledonia: C. longipes, C. magna, and C. poya.

112 pp., 88 pls. and are endemic to these areas. Cone snails are found in all tropical and subtropical seas, from the intertidal zone to deeper areas, living on sand or among rocks or coral reefs.

This species lives in the northeastern Atlantic, from Norway to the Mediterranean Sea as well as all around the South African coast. It is found from the intertidal zone to a depth of about 5 m.

Hippa adactyla is a species of small, sand-burrowing decapod crustacean found living along the coasts of Indo-West Pacific waters. It is found on exposed sandy beaches in the swash region of the intertidal zone.

Aplysia californica is found along the coast of California, United States, and northwestern Mexico (including the Gulf of California). Aplysia species inhabit the photic zone to graze on algae, mainly the intertidal, usually not deeper than .

This species is found off the South African coast from the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula to Port Elizabeth. It is found from the intertidal to at least 30 m. It is endemic.Gosliner, T.M. 1987.

This species can be found on the mid to low intertidal zone of coasts on the southern North Island, the South Island and Stewart Island in New Zealand as well as on the coasts of Australia.

Secondary habitat formers are typically attached to,Thomsen, M.S., et al., A host-specific habitat former controls biodiversity across ecological transitions in a rocky intertidal facilitation cascade. Marine and Freshwater Research, 2016. 67: p. 144-152.

The State Of New Jersey. Northeastern Beach Tiger Beetle, Cicindela d. dorsalis Mating takes place between mid-July and early August when the weather is warm and humid. Females lay their eggs in the intertidal zone.

The yellow-winged blackbird (Agelasticus thilius) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are swamps, intertidal marshes, and pastureland.

O. deplanatus is found under boulders and among stones in the lower to mid tidal regions of the intertidal zone on sheltered rocky and gravel shores. It is distributed sparsely, with one individual per 5 m2.

The natural range of T. undocaerulea stretches from Kodiak, Alaska to Point Conception, California. It is commonly found on rocks in low intertidal and shallow subtidal waters.O'Clair, R.M. and C.E. O'Clair. (1998). Southeast Alaska's Rocky Shores.

Ammonia beccarii, showing characteristic coiled shell Ammonia is a genus of marine foraminifers. It is one of the most abundant foraminifer genera worldwide and occurs in sheltered and shallow marine intertidal environments, sometimes in brackish waters.

Notomatachia is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970. it contains only three species, all found in New Zealand: N. cantuaria, N. hirsuta, and N. wiltoni.

Holomamoea is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Holomamoea foveata. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973, and has only been found in New Zealand.

Waterea is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Waterea cornigera. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973, and has only been found in New Zealand.

Desis marina, the intertidal spider, is a spider species found in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and the Chatham Islands. It was first described by James Hector in 1878.Hector, J. 1878. Note on a marine spider.

Sternaspidae, commonly known as mud owls, are a family of marine polychaete worms with short swollen bodies. They have a global distribution and live buried in soft sediment at depths varying from the intertidal zone to .

Three units compose the Pinguicula Group, deep water shales, mid depth carbonates and intertidal carbonates, suggesting an ocean basin environment. Formation of the Pinguicula basin is thought to be related to Laurentia rifting from another unknown continent.

Lugworm cast, Red Wharf Bay, Isle of Anglesey A worm cast is a structure created by worms, typically on soils such as those on beachesBBC Beach LifeNorth Wirral - Intertidal Habitats that gives the appearance of multiple worms.

Phyllospadix japonicus, known as Asian surfgrass, is a plant species found along the seacoasts of Japan, Korea, China (Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong). It occurs in the intertidal zone along the shore.Makino, Tomitarô. 1897. Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 11: 137.

L. scabra is less able to compete under optimal conditions and is therefore restricted to horizontal desiccating habitats.Haven, S. B. 1973. Competition for food between the intertidal gastropods Acmaea scabra and Acmaea digitalis. Ecology 54: 143-151.

Aplidium californicum is common on the west coast of North America from British Columbia south to Baja California, Mexico and the Galapagos Islands. It is found in the intertidal zone and at depths down to 85 metres.

It is found on intertidal rocks or shallow subtidal rocks along the Pacific coast of North America from (British Columbia to California).Abbott, I. A. & G. J. Hollenberg. (1976) Marine Algae of California. California: Stanford University Press.

Russian J. Theriol. 14 (2): 201-215. Waders use the intertidal area at the head of the bay as a stopover during their summer-fall migration. The two most abundant species are Great knot and Terek sandpiper.

This sea snail lives on sandy and muddy bottoms, from the intertidal zone to depths between 2 and 10 m. The minimum recorded depth for this species is 0 m; the maximum recorded depth is 55 m.

Jorunna alisonae is a common species usually found in the intertidal zone or shallow depths at protected to moderately exposed rocky sites. It feeds on the violet-brown sponge Haliclona permollis.Pittman, C. & Fiene, P., 2015. Jorunna alisonae.

This species has been recorded along the Eastern Pacific coastline of North America from Curry County, Oregon, United States to Bahía Tortugas, Mulegé Municipality, Baja California, Mexico.McDonald, G. (2015). Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

This herbivorous species lives on coral reef shore between algae and on dead corals, in the intertidal and shallow subtidal areas at a depth up to 10 m. It feeds on various species of algae and diatoms.

This species was described from Cabo Blanco, Costa Rica, Pacific Ocean. Additional specimens from Mexico and Costa Rica are reported in the original description. Most of the specimens are from the Intertidal region to 2 m depth.

Paracerceis edithae is a species of marine isopod. It lives below the intertidal zone in the Caribbean Sea. It was first classified in 1930 after being found in Haiti but was rediscovered in 1972 in Puerto Rico.

It was believed to be formed in the intertidal zone by saltwater spray and evaporation, but an algal contribution has recently been suggested (Montanari and others (2007)), following an overlooked earlier proposal by E. Onorato in 1926.

Zosimus aeneus is found across a large part of the Indo-Pacific, from South Africa to the Red Sea, and as far east as Japan, Australia and Hawaii. It lives on reef flats in the intertidal zone.

Established 1 January 1959, and consisting of 113,800 hectares it is rated Category IV by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Of its in overall size, is a marine area with marine, intertidal, and subtidal components.

Gasparia is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Brian J. Marples in 1956. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.

Hapona is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.

Nuisiana is a monotypic genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Nuisiana arboris. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973, and has only been found in New Zealand.

Bryopsis plumosa has distichous branches with a thallus that is small and erect, growing up to 10 cm long. It is coloured bright green and has a soft, silky texture. It can be found in intertidal pools.

Baiami is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. Originally placed with the Stiphidiidae, it was transferred to the Desidae after the results of a 2019 genetic analysis.

Orthetrum poecilops is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in China and Hong Kong. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mangrove forests and intertidal flats. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Mudskippers typically live in burrows in intertidal habitats, and exhibit unique adaptations to this environment that are not found in most intertidal fishes, which typically survive the retreat of the tide by hiding under wet seaweed or in tide pools. These burrows are most often characterized by their smooth and vaulted ceilings. The way the males dig these burrows has been found to be directly linked to their ability to survive submerged in almost anoxic water. It has also been found to play a crucial role in the development of the eggs within the burrow.

The kelp forest tank This exhibit hall features aquatic animals native to Taiwan, from waters as small as rivers to as vast as the open sea. The exhibits are themed after the water systems of Taiwan, starting from the river and the reservoir to the intertidal zone and finally to the open sea. There is also a touch pool featuring marine invertebrates in the intertidal exhibit area. Animals on display include tilapia, Japanese eel, trout, cuttlefish, nurse sharks, Indo-Pacific tarpon, yellowfin tuna, spotted eagle rays, and a whale shark.

Foster, W A in Allison & Morley (1986) pp. 85-86. Insects include the intertidal ground beetle Dicheirotrichus gustavi which emerges from cracks or holes to feed on the salt marshes after dusk. Despite living in a coastal environment, it has no cycle of behaviour linked to the tides, simply scurrying for dry land when caught by the approaching sea. Another intertidal beetle, Bledius spectabilis, shows very unusual behaviour for an insect in that it actively protects its larvae from the parasitic wasp Barycnemis blediator and from the predatory Dicheirotrichus gustavi.

Molgula occidentalis is a species of marine invertebrate of the family Molgulidae. The scientific name of the species was validated and published for the first time in 1883 by Traustedt. URMO: UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. Land J. van der (ed), 2008-11-18 It is a soft-bodied, intertidal ascidian, sac-like filter feeders in the subphylum tunicate characterized by a hard outer covering known as a “tunic,” abundant in the shallow subtidal and intertidal zones of the Northern Gulf of Mexico, where they establish pseudopopulations.

Endocladia muricata, commonly known as nailbrush seaweed or turfweed, is a marine alga that is widely distributed along the shores of the North Pacific Ocean, from Alaska to Punto Santo Tomas, Baja California. E. muricata is common north of Point Conception, and is one of the most common algae in the high intertidal zone of the central California, coast. It commonly forms the top-most conspicuous band of seaweed along that coast. E. muricata often grows with Pelvetiopsis limitata (dwarf rockweed) and Mastocarpus papillatus (Turkish washcloth), on rocks in the high intertidal.

The fish is characteristic of vertical rock walls in the middle and upper rocky intertidal community along the exposed coasts of Pacific coast of South America, ranging from southern Peru to southern Chile. Its niche is unique, with no known parallel development in other rocky intertidal communities. The most likely determinants of the distribution of Sicyases sanguineus are areas where vertical rocky shorelines encounter ocean swells and ample benthic prey. Sicyases sanguineus attaches by means of a large disc formed of the fused and highly modified pelvic fins, bearing small and flattened dermal papillae.

"Sea grapes" seaweed, Fitzgerald Marine Reserve View from Bluff Trail Looking down to Frenchmans Reef intertidal Zone The tidepool habitat has long been prized as one of the best such habitats in northern California. It has been identified by the State of California as one of 34 such coastal habitats having "Special Biological Significance". Sea urchins, anemone, hermit crabs and many other intertidal species are prominent. At the north of the reserve San Vicente Creek empties into the Pacific Ocean and has a diverse habitat supporting Red Willow and other riparian species.

Rocky Intertidal shore around Institute of Algological Research has variegated flora. Featured in this photograph are Ulvophysean green algae Monostroma surrounded by brown algae Laminaria Coastal zone surrounding the institute has one of the largest seaweed biodiversity in Japan, with over 200 species of macroalgae. The intertidal rocky shore is covered with luxuriant growth of seaweeds belonging to such diverse genera as Ulvophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Phaeophyceae. The close proximity to this very diverse natural habitat makes Institute of Algological Research, one of the most prominent Phycological research institute in the world.

Halichondria panicea, commonly known as the breadcrumb sponge, is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Halichondriidae. This is an abundant sponge of coastal areas of the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea ranging from the intertidal zone to a recorded depth of over 550 m. It is also found in the intertidal zone of the coast of the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It is very tolerant of a wide range of coastal habitats, including strong currents, high salinity and exposure to powerful wave action.

Echinoderms Some organisms in this environment, specifically those in the intertidal zone, are sea stars, sea anemones, sponges, worms, clams, mussels, predatory crustaceans, barnacles and small fish. Hydrozoa, or hydroids, also live in shallow marine ecosystems and eat surrounding algae and zooplankton. Some species of isopods and amphipods are found in the intertidal zones and create several different burrows and surface tracks in the sediment. Brittle stars have been seen buried in sediment with their arms showing through the sediment; this behaviour has been noted in several shallow marine areas.

Oyster reef at about mid-tide off fishing pier at Hunting Island State Park, South Carolina A group of oysters is commonly called a bed or oyster reef. Rocks in intertidal zone covered by oysters, at Bangchuidao Scenic Area, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China As a keystone species, oysters provide habitat for many marine species. Crassostrea and Saccostrea live mainly in the intertidal zone, while Ostrea is subtidal. The hard surfaces of oyster shells and the nooks between the shells provide places where a host of small animals can live.

In the coastal waters there are three main vertical zones: Supralittoral zone, Intertidal zone and subtidal. The supralittoral, or splash zone, covers the area above the high tide mark; in the reserve this is mainly a region for algae, small crustaceans, and some beetles. The intertidal zone in the reserve is affected by warm temperatures in the summer, but scraped by ice and storms in the winter so that living creatures must cling in cracks and sheltered areas. The subtidal zone in the reserve, down to 200 meters, is the most biologically rich marine zone.

Euprotomus aurisdianae is known to live in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. It dwells in shallow water coral reef areas, such as coral sand, grassy sand flats and dead coral, to a maximum depth of around 10 m.

This fish prefers to inhabit areas with plenty of weed growth, being found on overgrown structures and in beds of Laminaria or Zostera. They are found in intertidal pools and shallow water to a depth of 20 m.

It has so far been found only on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula of South Africa. It appears to be endemic to this area, and lives from the intertidal zone down to about 5m under water.

This hermit crab is native to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, its range including southern Florida and the West Indies. It occurs on coral reefs at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to about .

Moon snails live on sandy substrates, at a great variety of depths depending on the species (from the intertidal zone to thousands of meters in depth). They are often seen ploughing along in the sand searching for prey.

Gattyana pacifica is a scale worm described from Puget Sound in the north-west Pacific, probably from the intertidal zone.Johnson, Herbert Parlin. (1901). "The Polychaeta of the Puget Sound region". Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.

Nereis vexillosa is an important food item for foraging birds in the intertidal zone.WOOTTON , J. T. 1997. Estimates and tests of per capita interaction strength: Diet, abundance, and impact of intertidally foraging birds. Ecological Monographs, 67:45-64.

Gascoignella aprica was found grazing on matted green algae Chaetomorpha sp. in the intertidal zone. The sea slugs were resistant to desiccation on the wet algae but soon dried up when exposed to the sun in the open.

Phyllodoce lineata is a species of polychaete worm in the family Phyllodocidae. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea where it occurs in the intertidal and shallow sub-tidal zones on soft sediment.

Lottia asmi, commonly known as the black limpet, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae. It is found in shallow water in the eastern Pacific Ocean, usually in the intertidal zone.

Spatial Assemblages of Tropical Intertidal Rocky Shore Communities in Ghana, West Africa. Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology. Yankson, K. and Akpabey, F.J. 2001. A preliminary survey of the macro-invertebrate fauna at Iture Rocky Beach, Cape Coast, Ghana.

This species inhabits the upper parts of the intertidal zone on rock substrata on open coasts. It has fine finger like lobes and in winter is a grey colour. In summer however it bleaches to a golden colour.

This sea snail dwells under boulder and stones, and also shelters in caverns of the outskirts of coral reefs. It lives in low intertidal zones to shallow sublittoral depths. Mauritia arabica is mainly active during the nocturnal period.

It can breathe air and has been known to survive out of water for up to 24 hours.Martin, K. L. (1991). Facultative aerial respiration in an intertidal sculpin, Clinocottus analis (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Physiological Zoology 64(5) 1341-55.

G. lichtensteini occurs from the coast of southern Namibia at Lüderitz to the Transkei in South Africa. It inhabits the intertidal zone, where it may be found under boulders. It has also been reported from seamounts and knolls.

Megatrema anglicum is a species of acorn barnacle that grows in association with or semi-parasitically on corals and octocorals. It is found in the intertidal zone on the coasts of northwestern Europe and in the Mediterranean Sea.

The intertidal zone supports sandhoppers, mole and ghost crabs, plough snails, sand mussels and the African oystercatchers, Kelp gulls, Sanderlings and White-fronted plovers that feed on them. Offshore, zooplankton and a variety of fish can be found.

Aequorivita viscosa is a Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, aerobic and non- spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which has been isolated from seaweed from the intertidal zone from the East China Sea near Zhoushan in China.

The snubnose sculpin occurs in intertidal rocky areas in depths less than 30 meters. It reproduces moderately fast, with a doubling time between 1.4 and 4.4 years. Its range is from Monterey Bay, California to northern Baja California, Mexico.

O. bimaculoides can be found in coastal waters from the intertidal down to at least 20 m (65 ft) in the eastern Pacific along mid- and southern-California and the western side of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico.

This species was described from the intertidal zone, Ilha de Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil. It has subsequently been reported from Florida and Bonaire.Rudman, W.B., 2007 (May 8) Hoplodoris hansrosaorum Dominguez, Garcia & Troncoso, 2006. [In] Sea Slug Forum.

The intertidal zone in the park Dionisio Point Provincial Park is a provincial park in the southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the northwestern tip of Galiano Island, across Porlier Pass from Valdes Island.

This MPA cluster includes examples of southern California's world class variety of rocky and sandy habitats, including diverse rocky intertidal, shallow kelp reefs. This is an area of outstanding marine biodiversity, featuring outstanding diving, tide pooling and wildlife viewing.

This MPA cluster includes examples of southern California’s world class variety of rocky and sandy habitats, including diverse rocky intertidal, shallow kelp reefs. This is an area of outstanding marine biodiversity, featuring outstanding diving, tide pooling and wildlife viewing.

This snail is plentiful in the intertidal zone and sublittoral zone on rocks and among seaweed around the coasts of Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand, Kermadec islands and Lord Howe Island.

This species was described from California. It is found from southern California to Sacramento Reef, Baja California. It lives on or under rocks in the intertidal and subtidal, from 5 to 18 m depth.Camacho-García Y.E. & Gosliner T.M. (2008).

This limpet lives lower in the intertidal zone than Cellana exarata, the black-foot ʻopihi. They are found, strongly attached, sometimes with considerable force, with their foot to rocks or other hard substrates. They feed by grazing on algae.

This species was described from New Caledonia. It is found throughout the Indian Ocean as well as the Western Pacific Ocean from the intertidal down to .Rudman, W.B., 1999 (January 15) Chromodoris geometrica Risbec, 1928. [In] Sea Slug Forum.

Its habitat is the intertidal zone under rocks and protected places from the low-tide line to about 400 m deep.Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). National Audubon Society Field Guide to North America Seashore Creatures. New York: Chanticleer Press, Inc.

This species lives in mid-intertidal zones and often lives among mussels such as Mytilus californianus.Palmer, A., Gayron, S., Woodruff, D., 1990. Reproductive, morphological, and genetic evidence for two cryptic species of Northeastern Pacific Nucella. The Veliger 33, 15.

It is widespread throughout Newfoundland unlike its underlying units. It was deposited in intertidal mud flats to subtidal setting, then (later) near the bottom of an open marine shelf. The top of the unit intergrades with the overlying strata.

The role of microbial activity in early cementation of beachrocks (intertidal sediments). PhD Thesis, University of Geneva. Terre et Environment (12). On retreating coasts, outcrops of beachrock may be evident offshore where they may act as a barrier against coastal erosion.

The rails are omnivorous, foraging over the ground throughout the island and the intertidal fringe of the central lagoon for crustaceans, molluscs, insects, worms, seeds, fruits, eggs and carrion, as well as scavenging the refuse of the seabird breeding colonies.

Phyllospadix juzepczukii is a plant species known only from shores of the Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Khabarovsk and Primorye). It grows in salt marshes along the intertidal zones of the Sea of Okhotsk.Nikolai Nikolaievich Tzvelev. 1981. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii.

Chondrus crispus is found growing on rock from the middle intertidal zone into the subtidal zone,Morton, O. 1994. Marine Algae of Northern Ireland. Ulster Museum all the way to the ocean floor. It is able to survive with minimal sunlight.

All five Longiflagrum species occur in shallow coastal habitats such as the intertidal zone, eelgrass beds and estuaries where the salinity fluctuates over the range 5–34 psu, and they are a frequent and abundant element of the soft-bottom ecosystem.

Dellichthys trnskii, is a clingfish, the second species in the genus Dellichthys, recently discovered from intertidal and shallow coastal waters of New Zealand. Its length is between 11.9–46.0 mm. Snout broad and short. upper and lower jaws equal in length.

Egg masses sometimes occur in the intertidal along the European coast. The rock gunnel's diet consists mainly of small crustaceans, including amphipods and isopods, as well as polychaetes and mollusks. The foraging behavior of the rock gunnel is poorly understood.

Parvulastra parvivipara is a very small species of starfish in the family Asterinidae. It is a viviparous species and gives birth to live young. It lives in rock pools on intertidal granite rocks in a limited area of South Australia.

This species is widely distributed throughout the tropical waters of the Indo- West Pacific. It is usually found among rubble of dead coral in lagoons, or top of the external reef slopes, from the intertidal zone to 25 m depth.

Species of this family can be found worldwide, but the major part occurs in the Indo-Pacific Region. Most species live between the intertidal zone and offshore to a depth between 200 m to 500 mm (exceptionally below 1,000 m).

Myro is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1876. Originally placed with the Cybaeidae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1967, and to the Toxopidae in 2017.

E. australis is commonly found among stones and under rocks in the lower and sub tidal region of the intertidal zone where it can reach depths of up to 80 m. It is often found in rock pools with coralline turf.

Pacific razor clams can be found along the Pacific West Coast of North America from the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to Pismo Beach, California. They inhabit sandy beaches in the intertidal zone down to a maximum water depth of about .

This quite common species occurs in the Red Sea, in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar and the Mascarene Basin; in the tropical Indo-West Pacific: off southern Australia, the Philippines and Japan. It lives at intertidal depths up to 15 m.

The original vegetation has mostly been replaced by introduced pasture grasses. Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are little penguin, Pacific gull, sooty oystercatcher and pied oystercatcher. The intertidal areas support large numbers of migratory waders. The metallic skink is present.

Its westernmost point is in the mouth of the Whau River, between the tip of Rosebank Peninsula and Te Atatū. The marine reserve includes intertidal mudflats, tidal channels, mangrove swamp, salt marsh and shellbanks. It is intersected by the Northwestern Motorway.

Nine logs, predominantly orientated at 230 degrees towards the bay, were visible at low tide. Only a small portion of these intertidal logs are visible above the sand and it is likely they extend even further into Tin Can Bay.

Ciliopagurus galzini is a species of hermit crab. It is one of four species in the "strigatus complex"; it resembles C. strigatus, with the most prominent difference being coloration. It is common in the shallow intertidal waters of the Tuamotus.

This species is found off the southern African coast from Luderitz in Namibia to Port Alfred in South Africa. It is found from the intertidal to 35 m.Gosliner, T.M. (1987). Nudibranchs of Southern Africa It has been reported from Australia.

Gravesen, P., Rolle, F. and Surlyk, F., 1982. Lithostratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the Triassic, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Bornholm, Denmark. Dan. Geol. Unders. Set. B, 7, 51 pp. There was a lower delta plain, with lagoons and intertidal swamps.

This species was first described from Brittany, France. It has rarely been reported since the original description. Henning Lemche identified it with the common species which feeds on the hydroid Dynamena pumila, predominantly in the intertidal region.Just, H, & Edmunds, M. 1985.

Blue mussels are boreo-temperate invertebrates that live in intertidal areas attached to rocks and other hard substrates by strong (and somewhat elastic) thread-like structures called byssal threads, secreted by byssal glands located in the foot of the mussel.

The mangrove jingle shell is a filter feeder. Like bivalves living in the intertidal zone on sandy beaches, this species feeds while the tide is in and it is submerged; otherwise it gathers food particles from splashes of sea water.

Muracypraea mus lives in tropical shallow water, generally in the low intertidal zone on seagrass beds, but also at greater depths, usually feeding on algae and sponges (omnivore-grazer). Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 20 m.

Magellan mussel Aulacomya ater Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Accessed 2012 In Southern Africa the species grows up to 90 mm in length. It usually lives in crowded intertidal beds. Individual animals have brown ribbed shells, which darken to black with age.

Version February 2017. It burrows no more than about 10 centimeters into the substrate. It sometimes lives in eelgrass beds. This species lives in many types of habitat, being found in the intertidal zone, brackish waters, estuaries, and under ice.

Primarily a carnivore, found in marine waters and intertidal zone by juveniles. Inhabits sandy to muddy substrates. It is a harmless crab, but being pinched by its claws can be painful. Commercially harvested as an edible crab species in many countries.

S. spinulosa is found round the coasts of the British Isles, in the sublittoral zone and occasionally in the intertidal zone. It is also found in other regions of the north east Atlantic Ocean south to Portugal and the Mediterranean Sea.

The majority of extant and fossil species are from New Zealand.Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 Most species are commonly abundant within the intertidal and shallow subtidal zone of New Zealand beaches.

Devade is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae, and was first described by Eugène Simon in 1884. Originally placed with the Amaurobiidae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1983, then to the Dictynidae in 1989.

Hulua is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.

Toxopsoides is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.

Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove or white mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae (formerly in the Verbenaceae or Avicenniaceae). As with other mangroves, it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas.

Laminaria sinclairii is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Vancouver Island in British Columbia, southwards to Ventura County, California. It occurs on rocky substrates, sometimes partially covered in sand, in the lower part of the intertidal zone.

Corasoides is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1929. Originally placed with the Agelenidae, it was moved to the Stiphidiidae in 1973, and to the Desidae after a 2017 genetic study.

After a 1996 PhD titled 'Tests of ecological hypotheses in intertidal estuarine assemblages' at the University of Sydney, she moved to the Massey University, rising to professor. In 2013 she was made Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand.

Most Pemphis live either at the verges of mangrove forests, well away from the forest-ocean interface; or they colonize beaches behind the intertidal zone, taking hold on rocks, gravel or sand, laterite or limestone, and frequently on promontories or crags.

Broadhaven Bay is of high conservation importance owing to the presence of several habitats that are listed on Annex 1 of the EU Habitats Directive. Large shallow bays, intertidal sand flats, reefs, marine caves, salt marshes are of ornithological importance for breeding and overwintering bird species. In the inner bay of Sruth Fada Conn and other Broadhaven Bay inlets, there are extensive intertidal mudflats characterised by polychaetes and bivalve communities. Atlantic salt marshes fringe on the blanket bog in this area also and species include turf fucoids, sea thrift, sea arrowgrass, Sea Plantain, salt marsh grasses, rushes Juncus gerardii and Juncus maritimus.

Jonah crabs inhabit intertidal and subtidal zones The ecological zones at Acadia National Park, from highest to lowest elevation, include: nearly barren mountain summits; northern boreal and eastern deciduous forests on the mountainsides; freshwater lakes and ponds, as well as wetlands like marshes and swamps in the valleys between mountains; and the Atlantic shoreline with rocky and sandy beaches, intertidal and subtidal zones. Tiny subalpine plants grow in the granite joints on mountaintops and on the downwind side of rocks. Stunted, gnarled trees also survive near the summits. Spruce-fir boreal forests cover much of the park.

The moist sand above the water mark is excellent M. lignano habitat Sampling of moist sand with M. lignano Macrostomum lignano lives interstitially in sandy habitats, at the intertidal or upper-intertidal zone, usually in the upper 5–10 mm. It only needs a little humidity in the sand to survive, but it can also be found underwater during high tide. It favours protected areas with no or very low wave exposure like tidal lagoons. M. lignano feeds primarily on diatoms, but it has been observed to eat small invertebrates and, occasionally, eggs (even conspecific, and sometimes its own).

Several different biological resources were present in the initial areas affected by the spill, some of these include the sandy-intertidal invertebrate communities, rocky-intertidal invertebrate communities, and coastal and offshore communities of fish (many of which held much importance to commercial and recreational fishing). Many endangered and protected marine mammals also used the affected areas during their times of migration. Some of these mammals include the West Indian manatee, several species of dolphins, humpback whales, and sperm whales. Even though these species of whales frequented the spill area, no whales were observed to have been affected by the oil.

Euthycarcinoid fossils have been found in marine, brackish and freshwater deposits. Taxa from the Cambrian are from marine or intertidal sediments, while all specimens from the Ordovician to the Triassic are freshwater or brackish. Fossil impressions of euthycarcinoid postabdomens in association with Protichnites trackways in Cambrian intertidal/supratidal deposits also suggest that euthycarcinoids may have been the first arthropods to walk on land. It has been suggested that the biofilms and microbial mats that covered much of the vast tidal flats during the Cambrian Period in North America may have provided the nourishment that lured these arthropods onto the land.

Mark David Bertness Mark Bertness (born July 13, 1949) is an American ecologist, known for his work on the community assembly of marine shoreline communities.Bertness, M.D. 2006. Atlantic Shoreline Ecology: A Natural History. Princeton University Press Among his important work are the Stress Gradient Hypothesis (Bertness and Callaway 1994) that predicts that positive species interactions are more important in biologically and physically stressful habitats than in biologically and physically benign habitats, his experimental research in a variety of marine intertidal communities elucidating the roles of biotic interaction across intertidal gradients (Bertness and Hacker 1994, Bertness et al.

It cannot serve as a thorough manual to marine invertebrates, but it addresses the common and conspicuous animals in a style that invites and educates newcomers and offers substantial information for experienced biologists. It is not organized according to taxonomic classification, but instead by habitat. Thus, crabs are not all treated in the same chapter; crabs of the rocky shore, high in the intertidal, are in a separate section from crabs of lower intertidal zones or sandy beaches. Some concepts that Ricketts used in Between Pacific Tides were novel then and ignored by some in academia.

This species is found in the NE Atlantic Ocean, on south-western coasts of England and Wales and the southern, western and northern coasts of Ireland. Isozoanthus sulcatus is also commonly found in temperate waters on the western coast of France, but can be found as far east as the southwestern coast of Norway. They live from the intertidal to about 42 m down in the sublittoral on horizontal silt-covered substrate, empty mollusc shells, and even in rocky intertidal pools as epibiota. Because of their size and habits, they are found often through diving and dredging.

Brown algae have adapted to a wide variety of marine ecological niches including the tidal splash zone, rock pools, the whole intertidal zone and relatively deep near shore waters. They are an important constituent of some brackish water ecosystems, and have colonized freshwater on a maximum of six known occasions. A large number of Phaeophyceae are intertidal or upper littoral, and they are predominantly cool and cold water organisms that benefit from nutrients in up welling cold water currents and inflows from land; Sargassum being a prominent exception to this generalisation. Brown algae growing in brackish waters are almost solely asexual.

This species seems to be common only in Australian waters, where it occurs from Shark Bay to Brisbane. Bottom-dwelling in nature, the reticulate whipray is generally encountered over sandy flats near beaches, in lagoons, and around coral reefs, from the intertidal zone to offshore waters deep or more. In Shark Bay, it frequents intertidal sand flats during the warm season, and shifts to slightly deeper seagrass patches in the cold season. This species is tolerant of low salinities and has been known to enter estuaries and mangrove swamps, though records from fresh water in Southeast Asia are unverified and may represent misidentifications.

Space competition is especially fierce in rocky intertidal habitats, where habitable space is limited compared to soft- sediment habitats in which three-dimensional space is available. As seen with the previous sea star example, mussels are competitively dominant when they are not kept in check by sea star predation. Joseph Connell's research on two types of high intertidal barnacles, Balanus balanoides, now Semibalanus balanoides, and a Chthamalus stellatus, showed that zonation patterns could also be set by competition between closely related organisms. In this example, Balanus outcompetes Chthamalus at lower tide heights but is unable to survive at higher tide heights.

Thus, Balanus conforms to the intertidal ecology dogma introduced above: its lower tide height limit is set by a predatory snail and its higher tide height limit is set by climate. Similarly, Chthamalus, which occurs in a refuge from competition (similar to the temperature refuges discussed above), has a lower tide height limit set by competition with Balanus and a higher tide height limit is set by climate. left Although intertidal ecology has traditionally focused on these negative interactions (predation and competition), there is emerging evidence that positive interactions are also important. Facilitation refers to one organism helping another without harming itself.

Biotic factors here play a significant role in physical coastal evolution, and for wildlife a variety of habitats have developed which include beaches, estuaries, permanent and semi-permanent swamps, tidal flats, tidal creeks, coastal dunes, back dunes and levees. The mangrove vegetation itself assists in the formation of new landmass and the intertidal vegetation plays a significant role in swamp morphology. The activities of mangrove fauna in the intertidal mudflats develop micromorphological features that trap and hold sediments to create a substratum for mangrove seeds. The morphology and evolution of the eolian dunes is controlled by an abundance of xerophytic and halophytic plants.

For A. scabra, individual size relates to diet composition (larger predators eat larger prey). J. C. Town (1981) found a population feeding on species of 60 different genera.Town, John C. (1981). "Prey characteristics and dietary composition in intertidal Astrostole scabra (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)".

Catolasmus pilsbryi is a lower littoral species found on the Pacific Coast of Panama and Costa Rica. Ross & Newman, 2001, further stated a preference for vertical surfaces in the lower intertidal and subtidal habitats. Colonies are clumped or occur in patches, somewhat separated.

Harrold, C. and D.C. Reed. 1985. Food availability, sea urchin grazing and kelp forest community structure. Ecology 66: 1160-1169. Drift kelp and kelp-derived particulate matter have also been important in subsidizing adjacent habitats, such as sandy beaches and the rocky intertidal.

Maintenance of exceptional intertidal grazer biomass in South Africa: subsidy by subtidal kelps. Ecology 76: 2314-2329.Kaehler, S., E.A. Pakhomov, R.M. Kalin and S. Davis. 2006. Trophic importance of kelp-derived suspended particulate matter in a through-flow sub- Antarctic system.

Microatolls are found only in corals that grow in the lower intertidal zone on shallow reef flats. Microatolls are formed by several species of the genus Porites, but examples have also been described from Acropora, Heliopora, Favia, Favites, Platygyra, Cyphastrea and Goniastrea.

The range of the creek whaler is restricted to northern Australia, between Gladstone in central Queensland and Cape Cuvier in Western Australia. It is a common species that inhabits estuaries and inshore waters from the intertidal zone to a depth of at least .

Phyllospadix torreyi, Torrey's surfgrass, is a plant species found along the Pacific Coasts of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California and Baja California (including Guadalupe Island). It grows in salt marshes in the intertidal zones.Moran, R. (1996). The flora of Guadalupe Island, Mexico.

This species can be found on the eastern and southern coasts of South Africa. Its range extends from Richards Bay round Cape Province to the Cape of Good Hope. It is found in the mid-to-lower intertidal zone on rocky surfaces.

These giant snails live on sandy bottoms in the intertidal zone and the sublittoral down to about 30 m.Carpenter K. E. & Niem V. H. (eds.) (1998). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific.

The rock gunnel or butterfishCampbell, A.C. 1984. The Country Life Guide to the Seashore and Shallow Seas of Britain and Europe. Country Life Books. (Pholis gunnellus) is an eel-like fish found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of the North Atlantic.

Marine botany is the study of aquatic plants and algae that live in seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone, along shorelines of the intertidal zone, and in brackish water of estuaries. It is a branch of marine biology and botany.

They are found from Kenya to South Africa in a variety of habitats. Only arid regions seem to be avoided. They are found in gardens, fynbos, grassland, savanna and various types of woodland, from the intertidal zone at sea level to middle altitudes.

Dana Point SMCA protects kelp forest/surf grass and rocky reef habitat and associated species. It provides protection of intertidal invertebrate species such as Kellet's whelks, top shells, limpets and sea cucumbers and abalone while allowing lobster and urchin and finfish take.

It grows on rocky substrates in the high- to mid-intertidal zones and has been found growing at depths of 250 m. Like many red algae species, it uses phycoerythrin to photosynthesize which allows it to grow deeper than plants using other pigments.

Generally, A. xanthogrammica is found along the low to mid intertidal zones of the Pacific Ocean, from Alaska to southern California and sometimes downwards to Panama, where cold water swells can occur.Gotshall, D. (2005). Guide to Marine Invertebrates. Shoreline Press, Santa Barbara:30.

Ribbed mussels live in the intertidal zone, attached to hard surfaces or embedded in sediment with the help of their byssal threads. They are typically found in salt marshes where they form dense aggregations with the marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and each other.

This species was described from Pacific Grove, California, United States. It has been recorded along the Eastern Pacific coastline of North America from Prince William Sound, Alaska to La Paz, Baja California, Mexico.McDonald, G. (2015). Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

Annual members of this genus store sulfuric acid in intracellular vacuoles. When exposed to air they release the acid, thereby destroying themselves and nearby seaweeds in the process. They are found in shallow intertidal zones. Ingesting sulfuric acid can cause severe digestive problems.

Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones. Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure. Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems.

The sleepy goby occurs in the intertidal zone in estuaries, lagoons and coastal rivers, often amongst mangroves where it burrowing into the silty-sand substrate, it may also be found in the lower reaches of freshwater streams. It buries itself in the sand.

E. hartmannschroederae is thought to inhabit the entire Australian continent; however the holotypes were initially found throughout the southern coast of Australia, from Byron Bay, New South Wales to Bundegi Reef, Western Australia, in all kinds of sediments, intertidal to depths of approximately .

Kondo, M., et al. (2012). Spawning habitat and early development of Luciogobius ryukyuensis (Gobiidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 95(2), 291-300. Most of the species studied spawn in the intertidal zone, but one species has been observed spawning in freshwater rivers.

Fucus distichus L. subsp. edentatus (Bach.Pyl.) Powell, isotype herbarium specimen, 1910 Fucus distichus or rockweed is a species of brown alga in the family Fucaceae to be found in the intertidal zones of rocky seashores in the Northern Hemisphere, mostly in rock pools.

Reptiles present in the reserve include the eastern water skink, common garden skink, weasel skink and three-toed skink. Marine mammals recorded as occasionally hauling-out on the intertidal fringes of the islands include the Australian fur seal and the leopard seal.

Nearshore fish, sometimes called littoral fish, live close to the shore. They are associated with the intertidal zone, or with estuaries, lagoons, coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, or rocky or sandy bottoms, usually in shallow waters less than about 10 m deep.

Macrocystis typically grow forming extensive beds, large "floating canopies", on rocky substrata between the low intertidal. It was harvested by barges which used large blades to harvest up to 300 tons a day along the coast of California.Smith, G.M. 1955. Cryptogamic Botany.

These snails are found from Baja California Sur to Peru, including the Gulf of California. This species is also found in the Galapagos Islands. They live in the intertidal zone, down to 3 meters (10 feet) deep, on sand and mud flats.

Minimum recorded depth is -0.3 m. Maximum recorded depth is 0.3 m. This small snail is commonly found in the intertidal zone of mangroves amongst the roots and branches. It is similar in appearance to Melampus bidentatus and the two are often confused.

It frequents ports and harbours, the coast, inshore islands and the intertidal zone. It seldom moves inland or visits freshwater locations. It is nomadic or partially migratory and many populations move southwards after breeding, though Red Sea populations seem to be relatively sedentary.

Distribution map of Monetaria caputserpentis This species occurs in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, tropical Indo-West Pacific, Australia and the Philippines. This sea snail lives on corals, rock reefs and rocky shores from the intertidal zone down to depths of 200 m.

The approximately fortnightly tidal cycle has large effects on intertidal and marine organisms. Hence their biological rhythms tend to occur in rough multiples of this period. Many other animals such as the vertebrates, display similar rhythms. Examples include gestation and egg hatching.

In September 2019 the George River Council announced news on the progress of a contraction of an environmentally friendly seawall, made of sandstone, that will operate as an intertidal rock platform, and a piered boardwalk and small boat ramp in the park.

Veliger larvae hatch from the capsule after ~24 days, depending on temperature.RH Morris, DP Abbott and EC Haderlie (1980) Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA. p.292. The species is a specialized carnivore, and can live for weeks without food.

The species was described from England. It was also recorded from the North Atlantic Ocean, off Ireland, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a shallow water species and occurs in the intertidal zone, under boulders and in rock pools.

The fat sleeper is found from the Bahamas and North Carolina to Brazil. It lives in intertidal areas on muddy bottoms, and is more frequent in brackish water. It can be found commonly in freshwater or saline coastal pools and river mouths.

The giant goby inhabits rock pools high up in the intertidal zone of sheltered shores. Occupied pools typically contain boulders under which the giant goby can take shelter, and have inputs of freshwater, so the water in the pools is usually brackish.

Members of the Chthamalidae are found in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean, in temperate and tropical zones. They prefer intertidal marine habitats, from lower littoral to upper surf zone, uncommonly sublittoral. All are known from normal marine salinity. Several genera are monotypic.

Paratheuma is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae, and was first described by E. B. Bryant in 1940. Originally placed with the ground spiders, it was transferred to the intertidal spiders in 1975, and to the Dictynidae in 2016.

The exhibit includes many of the species native to the nearby marine protected areas. The aquarium also houses sea otters, intertidal wildlife, and occasionally sea turtles. California’s marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean.Department of Fish and Game.

Dislodgment and attachment strength of the intertidal macroalga Hormosira banksii (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). Phycologia, 48(5), 335-343. Capon et al. (1998) Capon, R. J., Barrow, R. A., Rochfort, S., Jobling, M., Skene, C., Lacey, E., Gill, J. H., Friedel, T., & Wadsworth, D. (1998).

The true whelks occur worldwide in all seas from tropical oceans to the cold seas of the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean. They are found from the intertidal to the bathypelagic zones. Most prefer a solid bottom, but some inhabit sandy substrates.

This species is native to the southern coasts of the Sea of Japan, in Western Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Honshu Island. This low- boreal species lives attached by a byssus under rocks. It prefers shallow near-bottom waters in intertidal areas at depths of .

The exhibit includes many of the species native to the nearby marine protected areas. The aquarium also houses sea otters, intertidal wildlife, and occasionally sea turtles. California’s marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean.Department of Fish and Game.

Beachrock presence can also induce sediment deficiency in a beach and out-synch its wave regime. Because beachrock is lithified within the intertidal zone and because it commonly forms in a few years, its potential as an indicator of past sea level is important.

The holotype of this species was collected in the intertidal zone at Umgazana, south of Port St. Johns, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Additional specimens were collected at localities on the coast of South Africa from Umgazana to Jesser Point, Sodwana Bay National Park, Natal.

The island and surrounding intertidal zone constitutes the Lipson Island Conservation Park which was proclaimed in 1967. The island is an important rookery for roosting sea birds, including a colony of little blue penguin. Lipson Island also bears the alternative French name of Ile d'Alembert.

P. elongatus is native to all areas of New Zealand but has also been introduced to Tasmania and Victoria, Australia. In New Zealand it habits mussel beds, wharf pilings, estuaries, and the intertidal zone on rocky shores, where it is abundant beneath boulders and stones.

The black sea cucumber occurs around the Atlantic coasts of northwest Europe, the Canary Islands, the Azores and in the Mediterranean Sea. It is found on boulders and rocks, particularly vertical surfaces, from the intertidal zone down to a depth of about fifty metres.

Aepus marinus is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in the intertidal zone of marine habitats in northwestern Europe where it lives in crevices and under stones. The adult beetle is about in length, and is a reddish-yellow colour.

Because of its intertidal habitat, most specimens are eroded, particularly in their upper, older portions. As wear progresses, plate sutures become straighter. Interior of shell is colored deep violet, more intensely at plate sutures. This color only shows on exterior on unworn sections between ribs.

In mid-19th-century Canada, marsh horseshoes kept horses from sinking into the soft intertidal mud during dike-building. In a common design, a metal horseshoe holds a flat wooden shoe in place.Gray, Charlotte, The Museum Called Canada: 25 Rooms of Wonder, Random House, 2004.

Robust ghostpipefish (Solenostomus cyanopterus) off Nosy Be. Omura's whale off Nosy Be. The seas around Madagascar host a high diversity of wildlife, including invertebrates.Dell'Angelo, B., Prelle, G., Sosso, M. & Bonfitto, A. 2011. Intertidal chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from southern Madagascar. African Invertebrates 52 (1): 21-37.

Bodotria scorpioides Cumaceans are mainly marine crustaceans. However, some species can survive in water with a lower salinity, like brackish water (e.g. estuaries). In the Caspian Sea they even reach some rivers that flow into it. A few species live in the intertidal zone.

Like other ghost crabs, one of their claws is much larger than the other. Their eyestalks are large and elongated, tipped with prolongations at the tip known as styles. They are common inhabitants of open sandy beaches, living in burrows in the intertidal zone.

This species of cowry is normally restricted to exposed habitats such as wave-washed basalt cliffs or breakwaters. Mauritia mauritiana lives in tropical low intertidal water, usually under rocks or in rocky crevices at a minimum depth of about , but can be found up to .

Crepidula convexa can be found along the East coast of North America. Geographically they can be found in the Low intertidal zone (5 to 10 meters) and to roughly about 200 meters down into the shallow subtidal zone. Predominantly on rocks, shells and sea grass.

When living on sand, these snails bury themselves with only the siphon protruding from the surface. Many tropical cone snails live in or near coral reefs. Some species are found under rocks in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. They can be incredibly deadly.

This species was described from Dillon Beach, California, United States. It has subsequently been reported from the Pacific Ocean coast of North America from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, to Point Loma, San Diego, California.McDonald, G. (2015). Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

Juveniles live in shallow areas on intertidal reef flats, while adults prefer atoll reefs along the reef crest or on reef slopes at depths of 0 to 20 m. These gastropods feed on very small plants and filamentous algae grazed on coral and rocks.

This snail is found only from the Cape Peninsula to Port Alfred along the South African coast from the low intertidal to at least 35m under water. It is endemic to this region.Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula.

The island occupies an area and is situated from the mainland. The island has a maximum elevation of . It is composed of limestone and is linked to Edwards Island by intertidal and subtidal reef platforms. Both islands are gazetted as A Class nature reserves.

Fucus ceranoides is restricted to estuarine intertidal habitats under fluctuating salinities. The modern distribution of Fucus ceranoides ranges from Portugal to Norway and Iceland. This includes the rocky shores in the littoral generally where fresh water flows into the sea, brackish water in sheltered bays.

Male Chum salmon, female Chum salmon and female Pink salmon. Most chum salmon spawn in small streams and intertidal zones. Some chum travel more than up the Yukon River. Chum fry migrate out to sea from March through July, almost immediately after becoming free swimmers.

Cryptoconchus porosus is native to New Zealand,Museum of New Zealand and present in Madagascar.Sealifebase These common grazers prefer outer exposed rocks washed by waves, in the low intertidal and shallow subtidal zone, or in deeper water down to 30m, often in association with sponges.

The Brazilian cownose ray (Rhinoptera brasiliensis), also commonly called the Ticon cownose ray, is a species of fish in the family Rhinopteridae. It is an endangered species, endemic to the coasts of Brazil. Its natural habitats are shallow seas, estuarine waters, and intertidal flats.

Chamaesipho tasmanica is found on rocks in high intertidal zone in exposed areas. It will not settle on other substrates, and will not colonize sheltered areas. C. tasmanica is subject to whelk predation, so will avoid seaweed covered locations which give shelter to whelks.

Sicyases sanguineus is a species of amphibious marine clingfish in the family Gobiesocidae. It lives in the Southeast Pacific along the entire coast of Chile and southern Peru. Locally, it is known as ' (literally, frog-fish). It inhabits shallow waters, including the intertidal zone.

This species breathes air and thus it is found intertidally on rocky shores in such places as caves and rocky overhangs. Otina ovata lives in intertidal zone on rocks, algae and balanoids. It is often found in empty bivalve shells and moist rock crevices.

Rye Harbour is another site of biological importance, with a varied habitat of shingle, intertidal mudflats and saltmarsh. A sandstone circle is located to the east of the parish church in a field by the main A259 road. It was constructed in approximately 2012.

It is located south west of Hatiya. The Nijhum Dwip comprises four to five small islands namely Char Osman, Char Kamla, Char Muri and Bellar Char islands. The area is mainly composed of Intertidal mudflats and sand flats. It has a sandy beach and grassland.

Codium dwarkense is a species of seaweed in the Codiaceae family. The erect to decumbent thallus is attached to a spongy base. It is found in the intertidal and subtidal zones. In Western Australia is found along the coast in Kimberley and Pilbara regions.

T. gallina lives on intertidal rocks. Its range extends from Santa Barbara County, California to Baja California (Pacific Ocean). Larger specimens of the species live in the southern portion of its range; it is often found alongside the less-common Black Tegula (T. funebralis).

A new species of Prosorhynchoides (Trematoda, Bucephalidae) from the intertidal rocky zone of central Chile. Acta Parasitologica, 56(2), 140–146. Bucephalids are cosmopolitan, having been recorded all over the world. They are parasites of fish from freshwater, marine, and brackish water habitat types.

Bahr, L.M. and W.P. Lanier. 1981. The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic coast: A community profile. US Fish Wildlife Service Program FWS/OBS/-81/15. They also attach to other hard substrates, including artificial reefsLipcius, RN, and Burke, RP. 2006.

"Long Island Sound: An Atlas of Natural Resources", booklet"Prepared under the supervision of the Coastal Area Management Program" of the "Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection", November 1977, "5. Vegetation" section, pp 17-21 In the rocky areas of the intertidal zone there are the seaweeds, which are characterized by their brown tone, Fucus and Ascophyllum, some species of which have air bladders that allow them to float and receive direct sunlight even at high tide. Also present are Ectocarpus and red algas Polysiphonia, Neosiphonia, Porphyra and Chondrus (Irish moss). In the marshy areas of the intertidal zone can be found Cladophora (mermaid's hair), Ulva (sea lettuce) and Codium.

A. maritima is a significant scavenger of the upper intertidal zone, feeding on dead animals, chiefly crustaceans (including barnacles) and molluscs. Aggregation is an important aspect of collembolan biology, and A. maritima has been shown to produce an aggregating pheromone. Like many intertidal animals, A. maritima moves in rhythm with the tidal cycle, and has an endogenous circatidal rhythm with a period of 12.4 hours, using visual cues to orient themselves during their movements. In the warmer parts of its range, A. maritima is active throughout the year, but in cooler temperate regions, it is only active in the summer months, overwintering as eggs.

The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), also known as the sea iguana, saltwater iguana, or Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Unique among modern lizards, it is a marine reptile that has the ability to forage in the sea for algae, which makes up almost all of its diet. Large males are able to dive to find this food source, while females and smaller males feed during low tide in the intertidal zone. They mainly live in colonies on rocky shores where they bask after visiting the relatively cold water or intertidal zone, but can also be seen in marshes, mangrove and beaches.

He started his professional career in 1984, instructing marine biology, at the Orange County Marine Institute, where he wrote The Intertidal Zone, an informative picture book about tide-pool animals, which he used to educate his students. In 1989, two years after leaving teaching, Hillenburg enrolled at the California Institute of the Arts to pursue a career in animation. He was later offered a job on the Nickelodeon animated television series Rocko's Modern Life (19931996) after his success with The Green Beret and Wormholes (both 1992), short films that he made while studying animation. In 1994, Hillenburg began developing The Intertidal Zone characters and concepts for what became SpongeBob SquarePants.

T. californicus has the ability to thrive under these variable environmental conditions (factors that limit predators such as fish to lower pools in the intertidal zone). Temperature in the pools that this copepod inhabits tend to track air temperatures more closely than ocean temperatures and salinities in pools can change as pools evaporate, receive freshwater inputs from rain, or saltwater from wave actions. The ability of T. californicus to handle extreme high temperatures varies among populations with southern California populations able to handle higher temperatures than those further north.Willett 2010 Potential fitness tradeoffs for thermal tolerance in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. Evolution 64: 2521-2534.

In addition to his many research publications, Abbott contributed to two major books that are constantly used by invertebrate zoologists even now, decades after they were published. He was invited to contribute to the book Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast and was the principal author and editor of Intertidal Invertebrates of California, which is often simply and affectionally referred to as The Big Book. In 1975 Abbott was awarded the Stanford University H&S; Dean's Award for Teaching. At the 1982 Commencement of Stanford University, Abbott was also awarded the Lloyd W. Dinkelspiel Award for Outstanding Service to Undergraduate Education.

Britain at Low Tide is an archaeology programme, focusing on intertidal archaeology, that first aired on 19 November 2016 and ran for three episodes. The premise of the programme was that the presenters, Alex Langlands and Tori Herridge visit parts of Britain's coast along with coastal archaeologists showing their finds and the history behind them. The second series started on 17 February 2018, now fronted by Dr. Tori Herridge and supported by archaeologists from CITiZAN (Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network), Gustav Milne and Oliver Hutchinson as well as archaeologist Charlotte Mecklenburgh. Series three consisted of three episodes and was broadcast starting on 14 September 2019.

A die off of exposed Durvillaea kelp following uplift caused by the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake Earthquake uplift that raises the intertidal zone by as little as 1.5 metres can cause Durvillaea bull kelp to die off in large numbers. Increased sedimentation following landslides caused by earthquakes is also detrimental. Once an area is cleared of Durvillaea following an uplift event, the bull kelp that re-colonises the area can potentially originate from genetically distinct populations far outside the uplift zone, spread via long distance-dispersal. Intertidal species of Durvillaea can be used to estimate earthquake uplift height, with comparable results to traditional methods such as lidar.

One of its key species, the Piramutaba catfish, Brachyplatystoma vaillantii, migrates more than from its nursery grounds near the mouth of the Amazon River to its spawning grounds in Andean tributaries, above sea level, distributing plants seed along the route. Productive intertidal zones: Intertidal mudflats have a level of productivity similar to that of some wetlands even while possessing a low number of species. The abundance of invertebrates found within the mud are a food source for migratory waterfowl. Critical life-stage habitat: Mudflats, saltmarshes, mangroves, and seagrass beds have high levels of both species richness and productivity, and are home to important nursery areas for many commercial fish stocks.

The very youngest juveniles will, for a period of up to a week, strand themselves in very shallow pools on the intertidal once the tide has receded. The reasons for this behaviour are not clear. During the first year of life (when the fish are called 0+ group), the juveniles will stay in these shallow intertidal habitats for up to 7 months (depending on latitude and/or temperature), before migrating to deeper waters. Some of these fish will return the next year (when they are I+ group) and even fewer when they are II+ group; however, the majority of juveniles do not return after they have migrated during their first year.

The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore or seashore, is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide (in other words, the area within the tidal range). This area can include several types of habitats with various species of life, such as seastars, sea urchins, and many species of coral. Sometimes it is referred to as the littoral zone, although that can be defined as a wider region. Bancao Beach in the Philippines at low tide, showing the intertidal zone about 200 m from the beach The well-known area also includes steep rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, or wetlands (e.g.

Catomerus is a monotypic genus of intertidal/shallow water acorn barnacle that is found in warm temperate waters of Australia. The genus and species is very easily identified by whorls of small plates surrounding the base of the primary shell wall; no other shoreline barnacle species in the Southern Hemisphere has that feature. This species is considered to be a relic, as these plates are found only in primitive living lineages of acorn barnacles or in older fossil species. The fact that this is an intertidal species is unusual, because living primitive relic species are often found in more isolated habitats such as deep ocean basins and abyssal hydrothermal vents.

The most important environmental and species interactions may vary based on the type of intertidal community being studied, the broadest of classifications being based on substrates—rocky shore and soft bottom communities. Organisms living in this zone have a highly variable and often hostile environment, and have evolved various adaptations to cope with and even exploit these conditions. One easily visible feature of intertidal communities is vertical zonation, where the community is divided into distinct vertical bands of specific species going up the shore. Species ability to cope with abiotic factors associated with emersion stress, such as desiccation determines their upper limits, while biotic interactions e.g.

Ultimately, it has been predicted that the distributions and numbers of species will shift depending on their abilities to adapt (quickly!) to these new environmental conditions. Due to the global scale of this issue, scientists are mainly working to understand and predict possible changes to intertidal habitats. 2\. Invasive species: Invasive species are especially prevalent in intertidal areas with high volumes of shipping traffic, such as large estuaries, because of the transport of non-native species in ballast water. San Francisco Bay, in which an invasive Spartina cordgrass from the east coast is currently transforming mudflat communities into Spartina meadows, is among the most invaded estuaries in the world.

Table Bluff Beach offers views of the South Spit Jetty. Fishermen are often seen fishing. Most of the large sloughs around the bay have been protected with levees. But because of development by residents and businesses, of the of historic intertidal marsh, only about 10% remains.

Jiuduansha is a collection of four intertidal wetland shoals at the mouth of China's Yangtze River. They are administered as an island region of the municipality of Shanghai's Pudong New Area. These shoals and the submerged land surrounding them to a depth of form the ."Overview ".

This demersal nudibranch is found in cold to temperate waters, from the intertidal to subtidal zones (up to a depth of 20 m), along the Pacific coast of North America, from California to Alaska. It has also been reported from the coasts of Japan and Korea.

Found on rocky coasts, usually under the larger boulders encrusted in sessile animals such as bryozoans, small barnacles and ascidians. N. violacea preys on these and is assumed to be mainly carnivorous in its diet. Ranges from the mid-intertidal zone down to around 15 metres deep.

Common aquatic vegetation includes grasses like spartina grass and phragmites in most high marsh areas and brown and green seaweed in the intertidal zone. Other vegetation that makes its home along the river include shrubs like rosa rugosa, various trees like the willow, oak and beech.

In South Africa the warty dorid feeds on the crumb-of-bread sponge, Hymeniacidon cf. perlevis, which it closely resembles in colour. Its egg mass is a tall upright collar of several complete whorls. It has been recorded from the intertidal zone to 14 m depth.

Longiflagrum amphibium can be distinguished from the other four species of the genus Longiflagrum by having the shortest flagellum in the antennule and by its oval pleopod basis. The specific name ' is from the Latin for "amphibious". The name reflects the species' presence in the intertidal zone.

Glycymeris yessoensis is native to the north central Pacific Ocean where it occurs in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan, its range extending as far north as the Kamchatka Peninsula. It is found burrowing in sand at depths ranging between the intertidal zone and .

Heliaster kubiniji is a species of starfish in the order Forcipulatida. It is commonly known as the gulf sun star, the common sun star or estrella de mar de golfo and it occurs in the intertidal zone of the Pacific coast of California, Mexico and Nicaragua.

A male that tends to his nest can become stranded as the tide recedes, even becoming beached completely out of the water. The fish tolerates this well.Craig, P. M., et al. (2013). Coping with aquatic hypoxia: How the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) tolerates the intertidal zone.

Pisaster ochraceus, generally known as the purple sea star, ochre sea star, or ochre starfish, is a common starfish found among the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Identified as a keystone species, P. ochraceus is considered an important indicator for the health of the intertidal zone.

This species was described from Playa Gallardo, Golfito, Osa Conservation Area, Costa Rica, Pacific Ocean. Additional specimens from Tempisque Conservation Area and Osa Conservation Area are listed in the original description. Most of the specimens are from the intertidal region with one from 9–13 m depth.

This species was described from Gabriola Pass, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. has been recorded along the Eastern Pacific coastline of North America from Cutter Rock, Ketchikan, Alaska, to San Diego, California.McDonald, G. (2015). Catriona columbiana (O'Donoghue, 1922) Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

Paratrophon quoyi are found in waters off New South Wales in Australia and the North Island in New Zealand. They live on rocks in the intertidal zone. They feed on algae during high tide. During low tide, they shut themselves up tight to prevent water loss.

This species lives under rocks and in tidepools from the intertidal zone to a depth of about 20 m in the circalittoral zone. It eats several species of spiculate sponges and also sponges from the order Dendroceratida. It is preyed upon by seastars, such as Solaster dawsoni.

Many species here are scavengers, living off of sea life that is washed up on the shore. Many land animals also make much use of the shore and intertidal habitats. A subgroup of organisms in this habitat bores and grinds exposed rock through the process of bioerosion.

The seaside part is a wilderness protection area featuring coastal bogs, beaches, intertidal areas, and abundant flora and fauna. The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada has designated the park a dark-sky preserve. The park is named after Kejimikujik Lake, the largest lake in the park.

The "fingers" are branches up to a centimeter wide and sometimes over 30 centimeters long. Codium fragile occurs in the low intertidal zone, and subtidal on high-energy beaches. It has no asexual (sporophyte) stage, and male and female gametes are both produced on separate plants.

Cymbiolacca species live in colonies on and near the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland Australia, and on reefs in the Coral Sea. They live in coral sand substrates on intertidal reef platforms to depths of over 100 m. Populations or colonies of Cymbiolacca are usually narrowly endemic.

This abalone dwells in shallow water coral reef areas of the intertidal and sublittoral zones, commonly reaching a depth around 10 m.Haliotis asinina Donkey's ear abalone. Sealifebase.org accessed 10 July 2009. Though this species is quite abundant, aggregates of H. asinina are considered to be uncommon.

Cellana nigrolineata is a species of sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Nacellidae, one of the families of true limpets. This species of limpet lives on rocky shore in the intertidal zone. It occurs mainly along the northwestern coasts of the Pacific Ocean.

The crab can be found under dead coral in a lagoon alongside sea anemones. It lives in the low intertidal zones or subtidal zones. Locations that the species can be found in include the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Tasman Sea, and the Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

This species is found in South America, breeding from Argentine and Chilean Patagonia, the Falkland Islands and Uruguay. In winter, its range extends up to the coasts of north Chile and central Brazil. Its natural habitats include freshwater lakes, intertidal marshes, river banks, and open fields.

The scaled crab is found in waters ranging from Pribilof Islands to Puget Sound. In most instances it is found at depths of up to , but may also inhabit shallow intertidal areas. Possible areas on habitation include rocky substrates either near drop offs or among boulders.

The species usually forage at night feeds on many bivalves and slow-moving crustaceans. It is found in intertidal areas of mangrove swamps, consisting of Rhizophora mucronata zone and mangrove forests. The crab is known to uses landmarks to locate its refuges using direct shortcut paths.

Habitat on the bank of the Étang d'Ingril, Hérault, France Salicornia europaea (autumn), Lake Notoro, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan Salicornia europaea , known as common glasswort or just glasswort, is a halophytic annual dicot flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It grows in various zones of intertidal salt marshes.

Most of the harbour is composed of intertidal mudflats and cordgrass marshes, and they have abundant benthic fauna which provide food for birds. It is of national importance for dark-bellied Brent geese and for three species of waders, grey plover, black-tailed godwit and dunlin.

The sanctuary includes rock outcroppings and an intertidal marine ecosystem that is not found anywhere else in New York state. Hunter Island also contains the Kazimiroff Nature Trail and Orchard Beach Environmental Center, which was established in 1986 as a tribute to Bronx preservationist Theodore Kazimiroff.

Key habitats protected within the SMCA include kelp forests, rocky intertidal zone, reef and sandy bottom, pinnacles and offshore rocks. The area is home to various wildlife including sea otters, sea lions, harbor seals and birds.Department of Fish and Game. "Appendix O. Regional MPA Management Plans".

The rosy sculpin (Oligocottus rubellio) is a fish species in the sculpin family Cottidae. It inhabits the coastal northeastern Pacific Ocean, ranging from Fort Bragg (Northern California, US) to Baja California (Mexico). Individuals reach up to in length, and are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones.

Analyses of Notheia biomass have shown a strong positive effect on invertebrate biodiversity.Thomsen, M. S., Metcalfe, I., South, P., & Schiel, D. R. (2016). A host-specific habitat former controls biodiversity across ecological transitions in a rocky intertidal facilitation cascade. Marine and Freshwater Research, 67(1), 144-152.

Immel Publishing Ltd., 20 Berkeley Street, Berkeley Square, London W1X 5AE. It has been reported, probably in error, from around the South African coast where it is found from the Atlantic coast to Knysna. The South African species is known from the intertidal to 30 m.

Dramatic wave-cut platforms, exposed rocky cliffs, salt marsh, and sandy and rocky shores provide habitat for a wide range of species that inhabit Natural Bridges. These habitats include sandy beach, rocky intertidal, and surfgrass. Department of Fish and Game. "Appendix O. Regional MPA Management Plans".

Echidna nocturna habitats are distributed throughout the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. They are found in both intertidal and coral reef habitats. Juveniles typically reside in rocky shore tidepools while adults reside near the tidepools or in coral reefs. Like other moray eels they have a pelagic larval phase.

The madreporite is not obvious. Tube feet are a combination of off-white and bright orange. Intertidal individuals are generally smaller with thicker dermal plates, allowing them greater protection when being tossed about by waves. Despite this they are still found to be more damaged than subtidal individuals.

Labidiaster annulatus is found around the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The depth range is from the intertidal zone down to but this starfish most commonly occurs between . It lives on the seabed and is found on sand, mud and gravel and among rocks.

One of the campaign points was to protect the significant 'dinosaur highway' of dinosaur tracks that are found in the intertidal zone outside Broome. The campaign has since remained a divisive topic amongst locals, with many blaming the 'no' decision for the slow economic growth that characterises the region.

This open peninsula ranges in elevation from below sea level to above sea level, protruding into Shepody Bay. It is characterized by extensive intertidal mudflats, with gravel beaches bordering terrestrial habitats and shallow marine areas. In 1979, Ducks Unlimited Canada established a waterfowl impoundment adjacent to the salt marsh.

View inland from Stage Island. In the foreground is Stage Island Creek at low tide, an intertidal flat. Part of the island is shown, then Plum Island Sound, and in the background Jeffrey's Neck, Ipswich. To the right of that is the entrance to the Eagle Hill River.

Emerita analoga, the Pacific sand crab or Pacific mole crab, is a species of small, sand-burrowing decapod crustacean found living in the sand along the temperate western coasts of North and South America. It is found on exposed sandy beaches in the swash region of the intertidal zone.

This species lives on rocks in the shallow sublittoral and intertidal zones. It is a keystone species which is of ecological importance as a grazer. Breeding takes place all year round, with a peak of activity in the winter, from January to April. It is collected for food.

Distributed in East Asia region, from the northeast at South Korea, down to the Taiwan and Kinmen (Quemoy) around the Taiwan Strait and also in Hong Kong. The shell lives in intertidal area, sometimes attached to sand basal or on top of rocks or shells inside calm sea bay.

Together with the Bunurong Marine Park, the Bunurong Marine National Park supports many marine animals including seastars, featherstars, crabs, snails, 87 species of fish, whales and seals. It has the highest recorded diversity of intertidal and subtidal invertebrates in eastern Victoria. The range of seaweed species is large.

This is a common intertidal species. It feeds on the red sponge, Microciona coccinea (family Microcionidae). It is also found to eat the introduced sponge, Ophlitaspongia seriata (=Ophlitaspongia papilla) and the native Holoplocamium neozelanicumAyling, A. M. (1968) The feeding behaviour of Rostanga rubicunda (Mollusca: Nudibranchia). Tane, 14: 25-42.

It is found in a lower intertidal, upper subtidal zone - 30 m deep, inhabiting well protected and shaded areas. Urticina crassicornis is a benthic and sessile organism, firmly attached only to hard substrata. This sea anemone is frequently found on docks, wood pilings, and under large rock outcroppings.

The western jumping blenny is found in tidal pools and in rocky subtidal and intertidal areas. It occurs where there are algal covered rocks. They occur at depths of . They are frequently encountered out of the water but they can easily return to the water by flicking their tail.

Pyropia grows in intertidal zones and down to 10 meters in some bodies of water based on clarity and substrate. It grows in large swaths, attaching itself to stones and shells, covering most of the bottom. Pyropia can be found globally in warm-temperate and extratropical [cool] waters.

Ash Creek is a tidal creek and intertidal wetland in Fairfield County, Connecticut that serves as a border between the city of Bridgeport and the town of Fairfield. It is the last salt water estuary in the area, extending from Long Island Sound and up the Rooster River.

This hydroid is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from Vancouver Island to Monterey Bay, California. It occurs in the low intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal zone. It grows on and under rocks and boulders, and on the mollusc shells occupied by hermit crabs.

Astropecten armatus, the spiny sand star or Estrella de Arena, is a sea star in the family Astropectinidae. It is found on sandy or gravelly areas in the East Pacific ranging from California (USA) to Ecuador.Morris, R.H.; D.P. Abbott; and E.C. Haderlie (1980). Intertidal Invertebrates of California. pp. 119.

The research catamaran Mya is specially designed for research in the intertidal zone, it can fall dry at low tide. The main research area is the Wadden Sea. Last but not least, there are two small motor boats, Aade and Diker for sampling and diving operations around Heligoland.

Phyllodoce lineata occurs in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, its range including the North Sea, the west coast of Scotland and Ireland, the Bay of Biscay, the Iberian peninsula and the Mediterranean Sea. It is found in the intertidal and shallow sub-tidal zones on sandy and muddy substrates.

Actinia bermudensis occurs in the West Indies, Bermuda and northern Florida, and there is a further, isolated population off Brazil. It is found in the intertidal and the sublittoral zone. It is usually found near the base of rock walls, under overhangs, in caves, in crevices and under boulders.

Z. Sociatus can be found in the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones on protected Caribbean reefs. It is a sessile, colonial organism. Z. sociatus grows in the reef understory and on disturbed substrate. Z. sociatus can survive desiccation (an excessive loss of moisture) and lower levels of salinity.

Davidson, R. (1987). Natural food and predatory activity of the paddle crab, Ovalipes catharus: A flexible forager. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Canterbury. pp. 2–15. With all of these tools at its disposal, the paddle crab is one of the more dominant predators of the intertidal zone.

Once he embraces the barnacle or mussel with his foot, he drills through the shell. It feeds on many different species of invertebrates. A few favorites are the barnacle Balanus balanoides and the mussel Mytilus edulis. Food supply is mainly found in intertidal areas in the Atlantic region.

The last one occurred in 1869 and took away several hundred metres of the Naze. The rocks of Filey Brigg as well as the intertidal zone attract numerous species of birds, such as oystercatchers, redshanks and purple sandpipers, which visit the shoreline in nationally significant numbers during the winter.

Sackville is surrounded by the Tantramar Marshes, once a tidal saltmarsh. The marshes are an important stopover for migrating birds. The marsh soil consists of silts deposited by centuries of tidal flooding. Drainage is poor and there are slow-moving meandering rivers, shallow lakes, bogs, and intertidal zones.

Harvests reached 3.5 million pounds (1.6 million kilograms) at its peak. Populations began to decline in the late 1950s. When the 1964 Good Friday earthquake struck the clam beds were uplifted around exposing them out of the intertidal zone. This led to moderate mortality and eventually the industry crashed.

39, 213–220. doi: 10.1007/BF00390995Pregnall, A. M. (1983). Release of dissolved organic carbon from the estuarine intertidal macroalga Enteromorpha prolifera. Mar. Biol. 73, 37–42. doi: 10.1007/BF00396283 while seagrasses release less than 5% as DOC of their gross primary production.Penhale, P. A., and Smith, W. O. (1977).

This species is found throughout the Indian Ocean and in the Central Pacific Ocean, in seas along Red Sea, East Africa, Australia, Indonesia and Philippines, in intertidal waters at of depth . The Chinese cowry is active at night and hides under rocks in cracks and crevices during the day.

Barbatia reeveana is found on rocky bottoms from the intertidal zone to 100 meters (330 feet) deep. It may be found from in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California Sur, Mexico to Peru and west to the Galapagos islands, as well as in the Gulf of California.

L. littorea is now the most common marine snail along the North Atlantic coast. It has changed North Atlantic intertidal ecosystems via grazing activities, altering the distribution and abundance of algae on rocky shores and converting soft-sediment habitats to hard substrates, as well as competitively displacing native species.

A species' ability to cope with desiccation determines its upper limit, while competition with other species sets its lower limit. Humans use intertidal regions for food and recreation. Overexploitation can damage intertidals directly. Other anthropogenic actions such as introducing invasive species and climate change have large negative effects.

This small MPA has been designed to provide protection for a highly productive, unique offshore rocky reef with exceptional substrate diversity and relief, low- impact rural adjacent land uses, intertidal areas, surfgrass, kelp forest, and a harbor seal haulout. It features a unique pinnacle-and-ledge reef network.

Syrorisa is a monotypic genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Syrorisa misella. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1908, and has only been found on New Caledonia and Australia. Originally placed in the Amaurobiidae, it was moved to the Desidae in 1967.

Key habitats protected within the SMCA include steelhead streams, kelp forest, rocky intertidal zone, sandy and cobble beach, reef and sandy bottom, pinnacles and offshore rocks. The area is home to various wildlife including sea otters and birds.Department of Fish and Game. "Appendix O. Regional MPA Management Plans".

The Watchers are a pair of rocks that are spaced about apart and which are located about west of Little Waldegrave Island. The western rock has a charted height of and is reported in another source as being . The eastern rock is charted chart as an intertidal reef.

Augusta Newton Foote Arnold (October 24, 1844 – May 9, 1904) was an American author who published three books, two cookery books under the nom de plume Mary Ronald, and The Sea-Beach at Ebb-Tide, regarded as a seminal work on the intertidal biology of the United States.

This includes John F. Kennedy International Airport (commonly known as JFK Airport) on the northeastern side of the bay, as well as the historic and now-defunct Floyd Bennett Field on the western side. The center of the bay is dominated by subtidal open water and extensive low-lying islands with areas of salt marsh, intertidal flats, and uplands important for colonial nesting waterbirds. The average mean low tide exposes of mudflat, of low salt marsh dominated by low marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), and of high marsh dominated by high marsh cordgrass (Spartina patens). The extensive intertidal areas are rich in food resources, including a variety of benthic invertebrates and macroalgae dominated by sea lettuce (Ulva latuca).

Range in North America (also in northeast Atlantic and northwest Pacific Oceans) Urticina crassicornis is found in the north Pacific Ocean (along coasts of both Asia and North America), north Atlantic Ocean (North America and Europe) and Arctic Ocean (Asia, Europe and North America). In the northeastern Pacific Ocean, it ranges from intertidal and subtidal zones of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska to Monterey, California. In the Atlantic Ocean, it is found in intertidal and subtidal zones ranging from the Arctic Ocean above Newfoundland, Canada to Cape Cod, Massachusetts (USA), and also along the coasts of northwestern Europe. In the state of Washington this sea anemone more commonly frequents the Puget Sound compared to the Pacific Ocean front.

Found from central Baja California, Mexico to Alaska, USA along the Pacific coast of North America, T. californicus inhabits splash pools in rocky intertidal habitat. T. californicus is limited to pools in the upper end of the intertidal apparently by predation,Dethier, M. F. 1980 Tidepools as refuges: Predation and the limits of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus (Baker) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Volume 42, Issue 2, 22 January 1980, Pages 99-111. but it can reach quite high population densities in this habitat. One study found that population densities on Vancouver Island averaged about 800 copepods per liter with some dense pools having as many as 20,000 copepods per liter.Powlik.

A study on tidal flats in Deception Bay in Queensland found juvenile crabs ( carapace width) were resident in the mangrove zone, remaining there during low tide, while subadults () migrated into the intertidal zone to feed at high tide and retreated to subtidal waters at low tide. Adults ( and larger) were caught mainly below the low tide mark, with small numbers captured in the intertidal zone at high tide. These crabs are highly cannibalistic in nature; when crabs undergo molting, other hard-shelled ones sometimes attack the molting crabs and devour them. The females can give birth to a million offspring which can grow up to in size and have a shell width of up to wide.

While Hughmilleria lived in brackish and fresh water communities, Herefordopterus was present in a benthic (at the lowest level of water) environment near an intertidal sandy shore and intertidal sandy mudflat environments. The Silurian deposits of the Pittsford Shale Member in which fossils of Hughmilleria socialis have been found shelter various faunas of eurypterids, including Mixopterus multispinosus, Erettoperus osiliensis, Eurypterus pittsfordensis and Carcinosoma spiniferus, among others. In the other hand, the Late Silurian of Herefordshire, where most of the fossils of Herefordopterus have been discovered, was home to a wide array of different eurypterids, like Erettopterus gigas, Eurypterus cephalaspis, Nanahughmilleria pygmaea, Marsupipterus sculpturatus, Salteropterus abbreviatus and potentially Slimonia (depending on the identity of S. stylops).

The pseudo-atoll's chronology is developed from deposition of a variety of community organisms. The oldest are the early Piacenzian communities of shallow intertidal muddy- sand Mercenaria tridacnoides Community of clam species, the deep lagoon Nodipecten peedeensis Community of scallops, the shallow lagoon Apicula buckinghamensis Community of tower shell snails, and lagoon coral Phyllangia blakei Community. The second time period is mid-Piacenzian and contains the shallow muddy intertidal Strombus floridanus (conch) Communities, shallow lagoon tower shell snail Apicula gladeensis Community, lagoon scallop Nodipecten floridensis Community, and the shallow lagoon Hyotissa meridionalis Community of foam oysters. The third time period is the late Piacenzian and contained wave-action related coral zones of open ocean to sheltered basin.

Retrieved: 7 June 2012. The next is the 150 MW Longyuan Rudong Intertidal Wind Farm costing 500 million ¥, operational in 2012.Longyuan Rudong Intertidal (China) offshore wind farm 4C . Retrieved: 7 June 2012. By the end of 2012, China had only installed 389.6 MW offshore wind capacity, still far from the target goal of 5 GW by the end of 2015. In May 2014, total capacity of offshore wind power in China was 565 MW, which raised to about 900 MW in 2015, less than a fifth of the expected target. Installations increased substantially in 2016, with 592 MW of offshore wind power capacity deployed, ranking third in the world behind Germany and the Netherlands.

Cold seeps are common along continental margins in areas of high primary productivity and tectonic activity, where crustal deformation and compaction drive emissions of methane rich fluid. Cold seeps are patchily distributed and they occur most frequently near ocean margins from intertidal to hadal depths. In Chile cold seeps are known from the intertidal zone, in Kattegat the methane seeps are known as "bubbling reefs" and are typically at depths of , and off northern California they can be found as shallow as . Most cold seeps are located considerably deeper, well beyond the reach of ordinary scuba diving, and the deepest seep community known is found in the Japan Trench at a depth of .

This land was an intertidal zone used by the Muslims to beach their galleys. After the Siege of Gibraltar in 1309, Ferdinand IV of Castile gave orders that a galley house be built where his ships could be repaired. This house gradually sank into the sand over the next few centuries.

Portunus armatus (formerly Portunus pelagicus), also known as the flower crab, blue crab, blue swimmer crab, blue manna crab or sand crab, rajungan in Indonesian, and alimasag in Tagalog, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan, is a large crab found in the intertidal estuaries around most of Australia and east to New Caledonia.

Spar Island is a small sandbar in Mount Hope Bay in eastern Rhode Island. The island is more or less a sand bar, and is made up entirely of an intertidal zone. A small portion is visible at high tide, expanding by about 4 times that size at low tide.

Lekanesphaera rugicauda Lekanesphaera rugicauda, also called a "sea slater," is found in estuaries ranging from the Baltic, down to the Netherlands and British Isles, and south to the Bay of Biscay. It is best found in the upper intertidal of brackish waters, such as salt marsh pools, under rocks and wood.

Actinia tenebrosa, commonly named Waratah anemone, is the most common species of sea anemone found in the waters of eastern Australia, and New Zealand. It is found relatively high on the seashore, in rock pools, and various cracks and shaded surfaces such as under rock overhangs in the intertidal zone.

Reclamation of land for agriculture by converting marshland to upland was historically a common practice. Dikes were often built to allow for this shift in land change and to provide flood protection further inland. In recent times intertidal flats have also been reclaimed.Long, S. P. and Mason, C. F. (1983).

The slender mudskipper (Periophthalmus gracilis) is a species of mudskippers native to marine and brackish waters of the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean where it is an inhabitant of the intertidal zone, capable of spending time out of water. This species can reach a length of SL.

Leptograpsus variegatus is known to occur in Australia (from western Australia to southern Australia), South America (from Peru to Chile), New Zealand and numerous islands in the Pacific Ocean. The crab lives in upper intertidal rocky zones and is often spotted running along exposed rock, hiding in cracks or under boulders.

The Bean clam is found from Pismo Beach, California, to Arroyo del Conejo, Baja California Sur. It inhabits exposed sandy shores from the mid-intertidal zone to waters up to 30 meters deep. It can often be found in profusion at sites such as Redondo Beach, California, and Newport Beach, California.

Together with the Bunurong Marine National Park, the Bunurong Marine and Coastal Parks support many marine animals including seastars, featherstars, crabs, snails, 87 species of fish, whales and seals. It has the highest recorded diversity of intertidal and subtidal invertebrates in eastern Victoria. The range of seaweed species is large.

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18: 1304–1314. Another interesting feature of the mating system of this species is that the males use their large clasping antennules to clutch females until they are ready to mate.Burton, R. S. (1985). Mating system of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus, Marine Biology, 86:247-252.

Ralfsia verrucosa is a cosmopolitan species and is found in temperate waters in northern and western Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Iceland, Greenland, Canada, New England, Argentina, round the coasts of Africa, India, Japan, Korea, China, Russia, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. It grows on rock in pools in the intertidal zone.

The intertidal zone is inundated by the guano's nutrients, causing algae to grow more rapidly and coalesce into algal mats. These algal mats are in turn colonized by invertebrates. The abundance of nutrients offshore of guano islands also supports coral reef ecosystems. Cave ecosystems are often limited by nutrient availability.

Laminaria pallida, Namibia, in intertidal or shallow subtidal zone Commonly found below a canopy of the Sea bamboo Ecklonia maxima down to 15 m, and replaces it in deeper water to 30 m The frond tips sweep the surrounding reef surface, reducing the numbers of animals that may eat sporelings.

This hermit crab is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from the Bering Sea to Oregon, but is not particularly common anywhere. Its depth range is from the low intertidal zone to a depth of about , and it is found on sandy or muddy substrates or on gravel.

Brachycnemia species habitate most environments, ranging from shallow tropical reefs to cold seeps in the deep sea. It forms large colonies on intertidal and shallow reef crests. Due to the members of this suborder being loosely collected, there are no standard characteristics uniting them besides slight morphological, ecological and phylogenetic differences.

Cyrtopleura costata is found in shallow seas in the north east Atlantic Ocean between Cape Cod and the Gulf of Mexico. It is also found in the West Indies, Central America and as far south as Brazil. It is commonest in the intertidal zone and just below low water mark.

M. ostrina is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Its range extends down the western coast of North America from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to Cayucos, California. It is found in the intertidal zone on rocky coasts, often in the vicinity of mussel beds, and particularly in wave-exposed positions.

The logs run almost parallel to each other with a variation of less than 5 degrees. The distance between the northern and middle logs is between the middle and southern ones. The mean diameter of the logs is . The western section of the skids is located within the intertidal zone.

It is distributed from Greenland to Norway and south along the European coasts into the Mediterranean Sea. It is found from the intertidal zone to 160 m. It has also been reported off the South African coast from the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula to Algoa Bay.Gosliner, T.M. 1987.

Ghost crabs are semiterrestrial crabs of the subfamily Ocypodinae. They are common shore crabs in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world, inhabiting deep burrows in the intertidal zone. They are generalist scavengers and predators of small animals. The name "ghost crab" derives from their nocturnality and their generally pale coloration.

Over-visitation and over-harvesting are a common concern. Effects of climate change, present and future, are not fully understood but it will probably affect the diversity and structure of the intertidal communities K. tunicata reside in. This species is protected in the USA under the Coastal Zone Management Act.

It has been found that this species grows more abundantly on sloped than on vertical rock faces. Its presence increases species richness as it forms canopies in the mid to high intertidal zone that provide protection, shelter and food for a variety of small invertebrates including many gastropods and crustaceans.

In addition, the RSPB manage of intertidal mud flats as a sanctuary for the wintering birds. The reserve cannot be accessed by car, it can be reached by foot from Great Yarmouth or by taking a train from either Norwich or Great Yarmouth and requesting it to stopat Berney Arms Station.

This species was described from Jesse Island and Brandon Island, Departure Bay, and the biological research station at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, Canada. It is considered by some authors to be a synonym of the North Atlantic species Eubranchus rupium.McDonald, G., (2015) Eubranchus rupium. Intertidal Invertebrates of the Monterey Bay Area, California.

They can also be rarely seen as far south as Redondo Beach, California. Atka mackerel can generally be found from the intertidal zone to depths up to 575 meters.Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith 1988 Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep.

Seaweed species are similar to those of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In both areas, seaweeds usually found in intertidal zones occur only in deeper water as the result of winter ice activity, and the rockweed Ascophyllum nodosum is found subtidally. Sheltered bays have marginal salt to freshwater marsh vegetation.

This is a circumtropical sea hare, the only species in its genus. It occurs in the intertidal zone and down to at least 10 mZSILAVECZ, G. 2007. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. on coastal areas of the Indo-West Pacific oceans, the Caribbean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.

Bradley's sea star lives in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Chile, including the Gulf of California. It is also found in the Galapagos Islands. It lives on rocky bottoms and coral reefs from the intertidal zone to deep. This animal lives in a water temperature band from to .

This small sea slug is found amongst hydroids and sometimes crawling along the substrate in coastal intertidal and shallow sublittoral zones, and is also found in estuaries. It prefers small rocks to sea grass bottoms, and occurs on man-made substrates as well. It prefers sheltered, low wave action waters.

Ascelichthys rhodorus, the rosylip sculpin, is a species of sculpin native to the eastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska to central California where it is an inhabitant of tidepools and other intertidal environments. This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

Serpula vermicularis is cosmopolitan in distribution. It is found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and the European seaboard of the Atlantic Ocean, but not on the North American coast. It occurs in the intertidal zone and at depths down to . Also along Southern African coast from Olifant's River to Maputo.

Test (MHNT) Colobocentrotus atratus, the helmet urchin or shingle urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinometridae. In Hawaii it is known as "kaupali" which translates as "cliff-clinging". It is found on wave-swept intertidal shores in the Indo-West Pacific, particularly on the shores of Hawaii.

Like most Tethininae, Tethina species mostly live in salty environments. They are found on coastal marine habitats including the intertidal zones and on wrack heaps, as well as salt marshes, coastal dune vegetation, and on salty soils or bare sand. Some species of Tethina are also found at desert oases.

Chlamys islandica, the Iceland scallop, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Pectinidae. This North Atlantic scallop attaches itself to hard surfaces such as rocks and can be found from the intertidal zone to a depth of .Marine Bivalve Shells of the British Isles (22 March 2016). Chlamys islandica.

The natural range of M. spectabilis stretches from Kodiak Island, Alaska to Baja California. It is commonly found under ledges and on the bottoms of rocks in intertidal waters to a depth of 10 m (33 feet).Sept, J. D. (1999). The Beachcomber's Guide to Seashore Life in the Pacific Northwest.

This species lacks photosynthetic symbionts. The strawberry anemone is found in water deeper than eleven feet and may not be visible in intertidal pools. In captivity, the strawberry anemone may be fed tiny crustaceans, including brine shrimp. The strawberry anemone can replicate both asexually (cloning) and sexually through polyp dispersion.

Toxops is a monotypic genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae containing the single species, Toxops montanus. It was first described by V. V. Hickman in 1940, and has only been found in Australia. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.

It is most abundant in California and favours vertical rock faces in wave-swept areas in the upper littoral zone. It grows slowly and may live for up to twenty years.Fenberg P. B. & Roy K (2012). "Anthropogenic harvesting pressure and changes in life history: insights from a rocky intertidal limpet".

When it rains, they come out en masse several feet from the shore. L. baudiniana feeds primarily on the unicellular green algae that coat intertidal rocks, rasping them off with a vertical movement of the front half of its body. L. baudiniana changes coloring, lighter or darker, based on its background.

H. pulcherrimus is native to tropical waters in the western Central Pacific Ocean, the waters around Palau and the South China Sea. It occurs down to depths of about , but it is mostly found on boulders in the intertidal zone and in the shallow subtidal zone at depths of less than .

The Monterey Peninsula includes extensive tidepools brimming with life. Its sandy beaches are used by pupping harbor seals, and dense kelp beds offshore provide shelter for sea otters. The Asilomar SMR provides habitat for a variety of marine life, and includes kelp forest, beach, rocky intertidal, and soft and hard bottom.

Holes Bay marshes with the Purbecks in the distance Holes Bay is an intertidal embayment off Poole Harbour in the county of Dorset on the south coast of England. It lies mostly within the Borough of Poole and is close to Poole town centre. It is an important wetland bird haven.

Themiste hennahi is native to the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean, its range including the western coast of the United States, and the coasts of Peru and Chile. It burrows into sandy, gravelly, silty and muddy substrates in the intertidal zone, including eelgrass beds, and conceals itself under loose rocks.

Calcinus verrillii is native to Bermuda and does not occur naturally anywhere else. It is mostly found in the subtidal zone and has been found as deep as 110 metres (630 ft). It is uncommon in intertidal areas and rock pools but is abundant on reefs and rocks with strong water movement.

Asterias forbesi is found in the intertidal zone of rocky shores on the Atlantic coast of North America from Maine southwards to the Gulf of Mexico. Asterias rubens has a more northerly range, being found from Labrador southward to Cape Hatteras, most commonly north of Cape Cod living in colder, deeper waters.

This species is found in shallow waters in the East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The clam's range extends from the coasts of Norway south to West Africa. It lives in a shallow burrow just under the surface in sand, mud or gravel. It occurs in the intertidal zone down to about .

The harbour has diverse habitats, including intertidal mudflats, shingle, saltmarsh, sand dunes, marshes and woodland. The mudflats provide feeding grounds for internationally important numbers of ringed plovers, grey plovers, redshanks, black-tailed godwits, dunlins, sanderlings, curlews and greenshanks. There are geologically important sand dunes and shingles at East Head and east of Langstone.

Clunio is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). All species in the genus are marine. They are found in the intertidal zone of many coasts worldwide. The species Clunio marinus is a long-standing model system in Chronobiology and its genome has been sequenced.

Thamdrup studied natural history at the University of Copenhagen and won a gold medal for his thesis on soil dwelling oribatid mites. He obtained a dr. phil. degree in 1935 on his thesis about the intertidal fauna of the Wadden Sea. Thamdrup then turned to the study of soil fauna of heathland.

This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is common to abundant in rocky intertidal areas, where it is the only trochid found on open rock surfaces, in sheltered areas and semi-exposed coasts. In harbours or estuaries it often occurs with D. subrostrata on hard packed mud among empty bivalve shells.

C. sitchensis may be hard to spot due to its rough, rock-like exterior, but it is easily caught due to its slow movements. Found most commonly in the intertidal zone, this species feeds on coralline algae. The reason for the diverse colorations of its carapace may be camouflage with its surroundings.

Ochetostoma erythrogrammon Echiurans are exclusively marine and the majority of species live in the Atlantic Ocean. They are mostly infaunal, occupying burrows in the seabed, either in the lower intertidal zone or the shallow subtidal (e.g. the genera Echiurus, Urechis, and Ikeda). Others live in holes in coral heads, and in rock crevices.

Arroyo Grande is located in a coastal ecosystem within the California floristic province, and the native habitats include coast live oak woodland, central coastal scrub, willow and mixed riparian along Arroyo Grande Creek and numerous tributaries, native bunch-grass grassland, coastal prairie, dunes and intertidal zone, and non- native and agricultural areas.

Bdellidae (scientific name: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata)is a family of snout mites in the order Trombidiformes. There are about 11 genera and at least 260 described species in Bdellidae. In terms of size, they are medium to large- sized predatory mites. They are known to inhabit soil, leaves, as well as intertidal rocks.

Halodule wrightii is an herb growing in salt-water marshes in intertidal regions, often submerged at high tide but emergent at low tide. It has flat leaves up to 20 cm long, dark reddish-brown, with a few teeth on the margins. Fruits are spherical to egg-shaped, about 2 mm across.

The eastern jumping blenny is found on shallow reefs where there are exposed rocks covered in algae, it is common in the intertidal zone and it is frequently observed at low tide on the water's edge when it can be seen to hop over damp, rocky surfaces. It is found at depths of .

Bangia grows in freshwater or in marine habitats, usually forming dense clumps or mats, and occur throughout the intertidal area and subtidally to the maximum depth at which benthic algae occur. The plants are usually attached to a solid substratum (rock or shell), but can also occur as epiphytes attached to other algae.

Surprisingly, genetic divergence is much lower among copepod populations from Washington north to Alaska suggesting that copepods may have recolonized these areas since the end of the last ice age.Edmands, S. 2001. Phylogeography of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus reveals substantially reduced population differentiation at northern latitudes. Molecular Ecology 10:1743-1750.

Pyropia is a genus of red alga [seaweed] in the family Bangiaceae. It is found around the world in intertidal zones and shallow water. The genus has folding frond-like blades which are either red, brown or green. Some Pyropia species are used to create nori, and are thus important subjects for aquaculture.

Barleeiidae (often also spelled Barleeidae) is a family of minute sea snails, micromollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.Gofas S. (1995). A remarkable species richness of the Barleeidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea) in the Eastern Atlantic. The Nautilus 109(1): 14-37 These snails are very abundant and live in sublittoral and intertidal waters on rocky substrates.

The species is similar to Codium lucasii which adheres more tightly to rock surfaces. It is epilithic in the subtidal to intertidal zones. Mostly situated in calmer waters from the low tide mark to several metres depth. It is often found in warmer waters but has a scattered distribution in colder waters.

Facies association B was deposited under highly variable conditions, ranging from subtidal to intertidal to supratidal. It is defined by red and dark grey shales. Facies association C was deposited in the paralic setting and consists primarily of red shales. Facies association D, only found in New York, was deposited under fluvial conditions.

Austromitra analogica is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusc in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters. This snail is found under rocks and in algae from the intertidal zone to a depth of 570 m along the coasts from Southern Queensland down to the southeast and southern Australia and Tasmania.

Stock assessment of the warty sea cucumber fishery (Parastichopus parvimensis) of NW Baja California. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports, 52, 136–147. It is found mainly in low energy environments from the intertidal zone down to ,Bruckner A. W. 2006. Sea cucumber population status, fisheries and trade in the United States.

Cadlina flavomaculata is a relatively rare nudibranch found in subtidal and intertidal zones of the northeastern Pacific, from Vancouver Island to the southern tip of Baja California. However, it is common in some diving sites between Monterey, Carmel and Big Sur.McDonald, G. R. (1983). A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast.

Amoria are found in onshore and offshore waters around the entire coast of Australia. Several species extend into offshore waters of southern Indonesia. The highest areas of diversity are in the intertidal and shallow subtidal waters of northern Western Australia followed by the subtidal waters around the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland.

Sand dollars bury into intertidal sand leaving a characteristic mark at the sediment surface. This species had been recorded in Ghana though rare (Yankson and Kendall, 2001). Other species found on the West Africa shore such as sea anemone, Perna perna, Ocypode cursor, Diadema antillarum have already been described on this site.

This sea anemone is native to the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean as far south as Western Sahara. It is found in the intertidal zone and the sublittoral zone, on rocky ledges, in crevices and on boulders. Ecotype 1 occurs down to about while ecotype 2 occurs down to about .

C. exasperatus is found on the Pacific coast of North America from Baja California north to Sitka Sound. The type locality is in Puget Sound opposite Fort Nisqually. It grows on rocks in semi-exposed or semi-protected areas of the upper subtidal to lower intertidal zone, down to a depth of 20m.

This moon snail is found from in the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of California to Panama. It has not been documented on the west coast of the Baja Peninsula. It is a shallow water species found in the intertidal zone to 3 meters (10 feet) deep on sand and mud flats.

This species was described from specimens found beneath stones in the intertidal region at False Narrows, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, Canada. It has been reported from Kiska Island, Alaska to Morro Bay, California.Behrens, D. W., & Hermosillo, A. (2005) Eastern Pacific nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America. vi + 137 pp.

A habitat cascade is a common type of a facilitation cascade.Altieri, A.H., B. Silliman, and M.D. Bertness, Hierarchical organization via a facilitation cascade in intertidal cordgrass bed communities. The American Naturalist, 2007. 169: p. 195-206. where “indirect positive effects on focal organisms are mediated by successive formation or modification of biogenic habitat”.

Longipedia species are benthic or hyperbenthic filter feeders. In the Mediterranean, various Longipedia species were identified as detrital feeders, while others were identified as phytophile. Longipedia species are preyed upon by small fish and corals. In seagrass beds they are more abundant in the intertidal zone, in the top few centimeters of substrate.

A view of Dundalk Bay from its southern shore Dundalk Bay () is a large (33 km2), exposed estuary on the east coast of Ireland. The inner bay is shallow, sandy and intertidal, though it slopes into a deeper area 2 km from the transitional water boundary.Inner Dundalk Bay. Central Fisheries Board, Ireland.

Suter's skink inhabits the coast, often very close to the water, eating mainly intertidal amphipods that in turn subsist on dead seaweed. It is known to hunt for prey in rock pools and is a capable swimmer.Towns DR (1975). "Ecology of the black shore skink, Leiolopisma suteri (Lacertilia: Scincidae), in boulder beach habitats".

Common in intertidal and subtidal (50 m) zones; Prefers mud to muddy sand substrates situated in quiet waters and can burrow up to 40 cm beneath the surface sediment. M. nasuta and M. secta are geographically sympatric species and both are the characteristic species of Macoma on the west coast of North America.

This species is present in Santa Cruz, California, to Playa, Peru and in Galapagos Islands. It is found throughout the Gulf of California. Fat horsemussels live is shallow water from the intertidal zone to 25 fathoms. They live on rocks, boulders, and pebbles on the sea bottom and attached to wood pilings.

The Monterey Peninsula includes extensive tidepools brimming with life. Its sandy beaches are used by pupping harbor seals, and dense kelp beds offshore provide shelter for sea otters. SMCAs provide habitat for a variety of marine life, and includes kelp forest, beach, rocky intertidal, and soft and hard bottom.Department of Fish and Game.

Clunio marinus is a non-biting midge of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). It is found in the intertidal zone of the European Atlantic Coast from Spain to Iceland. The species is a long-standing model system in Chronobiology, particularly for circalunar clocks and the evolution of biological clocks. Its genome has been sequenced.

The species is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending from the western Gulf of Alaska to the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands off the coast of Alaska, and southwards to Ensenada, Baja California. It occurs on rocky substrates in the lower intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal zone.

The species occurs on the west coast of southern Africa, from Lüderitz in Namibia to Cape Point in South Africa. It inhabits the intertidal zone or shallow water, where it may be found among weeds or under stones. For unknown reasons, the original description by Camill Heller reports the type locality as "Java".

Acanthaeschna victoria, the thylacine darner, is a species of Australian dragonfly in the family Telephlebiidae. It is the only member of the genus Acanthaeschna. Acanthaeschna victoria is rare and endemic to coastal areas of both southern and northern New South Wales as well as southern Queensland. Its natural habitat is intertidal marshes.

There are about 350 recognized species with the majority from the Nearctic and Palearctic. Many species are found in the intertidal zone and both adults and nymphs of some species like Saldula pallipes can tolerate submergence at high-tide. Saldidae are predators and scavengers. They pass the winter through egg or adult diapause.

The Watchers are a pair of rocks that are spaced about apart and which are located about west of Little Waldegrave Island. The western rock has a charted height of and is reported in another source as being . The eastern rock is charted as an intertidal reef.RAN, 1979DMH, 1985, chart 38Robinson et al.

While he was there, he initially had the idea that would lead to the creation of SpongeBob SquarePants: a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone. In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue a career in animation. A few years after studying experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of the Nickelodeon series Rocko's Modern Life, at an animation festival, and was offered a job as a director of the show."Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life," The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept.

The East Canary gecko or Canary wall gecko (Tarentola angustimentalis) is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. It is endemic to the eastern Canary Islands. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland, Mediterranean- type shrubby vegetation, rocky areas, rocky shores, sandy shores, intertidal marshes, arable land, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, and urban areas.

This species has so far only been found around the southern African coast from the Atlantic side of the Cape Peninsula to the eastern side of False Bay. It has been found from the mid-intertidal zone to at least 30 m.Gosliner T.M. 1987. Nudibranchs of Southern Africa It is endemic to South Africa.

Chorisochismus dentex, the rocksucker or giant clingfish, is a species of clingfish found along the coast of southern Africa from Namibia to northern Natal, South Africa.Lubke, R., & I. De Mour (1998). Field Guide to the Eastern and Southern Cape Coasts, p. 144. It inhabits the intertidal and subtidal zones in shallow reefs and rock pools.

Neorhodomela larix, commonly known as black pine, is a species of red algae native to coastal areas of the North Pacific, from Mexico to the Bering Sea to Japan. It forms dense mats on semi-exposed rocks in intertidal areas. The thallus is dark brown to black in color with whorled branches resembling a bottlebrush.

Living cowries of this species can be encountered in a wide range of habitats, in shallow and in intertidal waters up to about of depth. During the day they usually stay under rocks and stones or in small holes or coral caves. At dawn or dusk they start feeding on sponges, algae or coral polyps.

This species grows to a length of TL. The dorsal fin has 12 spines and 15 to 16 rays while the anal fin has two spines and 16 to 18 rays. The species inhabits rocky intertidal zones both protected and unprotected from the waves. The species lay eggs that are attached in holes in rocks.

Leptopodomorpha is an infraorder of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Leptopodomorpha is an infraorder of the order Heteroptera that contains more than 380 species. These small insects are also called shore bugs, or spiny shore bugs. As their name suggests, shore bugs range from being intertidal, to living near streams and lakes.

Both parks are named after the Bunurong Aboriginal people. Bunurong Marine Park is considered special due to the unusual set of environmental conditions. It supports many marine animals including seastars, featherstars, crabs, snails, 87 species of fish, Whales and Seals. It has the highest recorded diversity of intertidal and subtidal invertebrates in eastern Victoria.

Petrolisthes laevigatus is a species of porcelain crab found in Chile and Peru. Its carapace width is up to 2.5 cm.Carolina J. Zagal and Consuelo Hermosilla C. (2007). Guía de Invertebrados marinos del sur de Chile, Editorial Fantástico Sur, Punta Arenas, Chile P. laevigatus lives under rocks in the middle and lower intertidal area.

Empty molluscan seashells are a sturdy, and usually readily available, "free" resource which is often easily found on beaches, in the intertidal zone, and in the shallow subtidal zone. As such they are sometimes used second-hand by animals other than humans for various purposes, including for protection (as in hermit crabs) and for construction.

L. persona is found on the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to central California. It is a cryptic species, common to the high and mid-intertidal zones in sheltered rocky coasts. It is mostly found in crevices and caves and under overhangs. It is nocturnal, grazing on micro-algae when the rocks are wet.

Turrids are found worldwide in every sea and ocean from both poles to the tropics. They occur from the low-intertidal zone to depths of more than eight thousand metres (e.g., Xanthodaphne levis Sysoev, 1988, collected between 7974–8006 m, in the Bougainville Trench). However, most species of turrids are found in the neritic zone.

Appleton, Century-Crofts, New York. Atka mackerel, halibut, herring, capelin, flatfish Pacific cod, rockfish, sculpins, salmon, sand lance, and cephalopods such as various squid and octopus. They seem to prefer schooling fish and forage primarily between intertidal zones and continental shelves. They usually aggregate in groups of up to twelve in areas of prey abundance.

Both parks are named after the Bunurong Aboriginal people. Bunurong Marine Park is considered special due to the unusual set of environmental conditions. It supports many marine animals including seastars, featherstars, crabs, snails, 87 species of fish, Whales and Seals. It has the highest recorded diversity of intertidal and subtidal invertebrates in eastern Victoria.

The crumb-of-bread sponge is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean sea and the Pacific Ocean, as well as around the southern African coast from the northern Cape to Port St Johns. It lives from the intertidal zone in tide pools to a maximum depth of about 15 meters (about 50 feet).

This species lives high in the intertidal zone on rocky shores in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. Populations in the Eastern Atlantic in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and the Florida Keys are now known to belong to the sibling species, Siphonaria naufragum.Siphonaria naufragum at Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce.

Most of the strata are composed of well bedded quartz sandstone and orthoquartzite. They were deposited mainly on intertidal and supratidal sand flats near or along the shoreline of the supercontinent Laurentia.Collette et al., 2012 Ripple marks and numerous other sedimentary structures identical to those found on modern beaches abound on the strata surfaces.

The red heart urchin is found in the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas, Florida and Bermuda. It inhabits reef flats, turtle grass beds, areas of coral fragments and deep reefs. It buries itself in the seabed choosing to inhabit sedimentary areas with sand, silt or coarse coral rubble. Its depth range is intertidal down to .

Mopalia muscosa, the mossy chiton, is a species of chiton, a polyplacophoran, an eight-plated marine mollusk. It is a northeastern Pacific species which occurs from British Columbia, Canada, to Baja California Mexico. This species is found in the middle and lower intertidal zone on exposed rocky shores. Mopalia muscosa can be in length.

Finstown is a village in the parish of Firth on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. It is the fourth-largest settlement on the island. According to travel author Eric Linklater, the homes in Finstown are tidy and well cared for. This settlement is situated along the Bay of Firth, whose fringe is a shallow intertidal mudflat.

This indicates that they are able to tolerate freshwater, and can still breathe by taking in moisture through wet vegetation. Golden ghost crabs must return to the sea to release their eggs. They hatch into marine planktonic larvae. Golden ghost crabs live in deep burrows in the intertidal and supratidal zones of open sandy beaches.

Nepanthia belcheri is native to the Pacific coast of Australia from the Low Islands in Queensland to Port Jackson in New South Wales. It also occurs in Southeast Asia and is found under boulders and rubble where conditions are muddy, from the intertidal zone down to a depth of about 45 m (150 ft).

Spectacular lineup of Giant greens at Hazard Reef, Montana de Oro State Park. Channel is about a foot (30cm) wide. It drains a large tidepool and requires abundant good food. Giant Greens at New England Aquarium Anthopleura xanthogrammica, or the giant green anemone, is a species of intertidal sea anemone of the family Actiniidae.

E. neozelanica is found in New Zealand, in intertidal areas such as harbour mouths or rock pools where silt and mud accumulates. Being small and so similar in colour to the substrate it lives in, E. neozelanica is a cryptic species most often found when sand or mud is passed through a fine sieve.

Maoricrypta costata, or the ribbed slipper shell, is a species of intertidal medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calyptraeidae. This species occurs along the east coast of the North Island, New Zealand.Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979 Maoricrypta costata, ventral view showing "shelf" or "deck".

At the southern limit of its range, including Cornwall, S. balanoides is replaced by Chthamalus montagui. Although capable of living in the sublittoral zone, S. balanoides tends to be restricted to the intertidal by predation and by competition from species such as the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, and the algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Chondrus crispus.

Seals and otters can be found in and around Sanday. There are several SSSIs on the island and the marine coast around the east of the island is designated a Special Protection Area due to presence of sand dune and machair habitats, rare outside the Hebrides, as well as extensive intertidal flats and saltmarsh.

The Tasmanian clingfish (Aspasmogaster tasmaniensis) is a clingfish of the family Gobiesocidae, found around the western and southern coasts of Australia including Tasmania. Its length is up to 8 cm. This species is found in shallow, coastal, rocky reefs and in the intertidal zone. It is also encountered by scuba divers beneath piers and jetties.

Hippoidea spp. cooked and sold as rice crackers, in southern coasts of Central Java Hippa adactyla occurs in Indo-West Pacific waters: from Madagascar eastward to the Marquesas Islands, northward to Japan (Misaki, Sagami Bay), and southward to Queensland (Australia). This small crustacean is especially found on sandy bottoms of low intertidal to shallow subtidal.

Animal remains include those of mammals, tortoises and intertidal marine shells. Most bones found in the cave come from rock hyrax, hares, cape dune mole-rats, steenbok and grysbok. Animals from rocky environments are also found including klipspringer, and vaalribbok. There is also evidence of local grasslands, with remains of zebras, wildebeest and hartebeest.

For example, in Singapore it represents one of the four functional-form groups that makes up approximately 20-40% of benthic cover across coral reefs (Fong et al., 2019) and along the east coast of the United States and the Caribbean, where clusters of species from this genus dominate intertidal regions (Krellwitz et al., 2001).

All of these reefs are Fringing reefs, except Lakshadweep which are Atolls. There are Patchy corals present along the inter- tidal areas of the central west coast like the intertidal regions of Ratnagiri, Gaveshani Bank etc. The Hermatypic corals are also present along the sea shore from Kollam in Kerala to Enayam Puthenthurai in Tamilnadu.

Nucella lamellosa, commonly known as the frilled dogwinkle or wrinkled purple whelk, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. This species occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean, its range extending in the intertidal zone from the Aleutian Islands southward to central California.

Stenopus hispidus lives below the intertidal zone, at depth of up to , on coral reefs. It is a cleaner shrimp, and advertises to passing fish by slowly waving its long, white antennae. S. hispidus uses its three pairs of claws to remove parasites, fungi and damaged tissue from the fish. Stenopus hispidus is monogamous.

Dialommus macrocephalus, the Foureye rockskipper, is a species of labrisomid blenny native to the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California, Mexico to Colombia. It inhabits the intertidal zone and is capable of leaving the water in search of land-dwelling prey. It feeds on invertebrates including crabs. This species can reach a length of TL.

In 2015 he helped create the Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network (CITiZAN) which he currently holds the position of Project Leader, and the founder and co-ordinator for UCL 'Evolutionary Determinants of Health' programme. Gustav has also set up the Museum of London's Centre for Human Bioarchaeology with a grant from the Wellcome Trust.

A. harringtoni is native to the eastern Pacific along the West Coast of the United States and the British Columbia Coast, with a range extending from Kodiak Island, Alaska, to San Miguel Island, California. The species is found in intertidal and sub-tidal rocky bottoms, commonly around pilings, to a depth of 21 meters.

Acanthopleura granulata, common name the West Indian fuzzy chiton (also known as Curbs or Sea Cradles), is a medium-sized tropical species of chiton. This type of chiton’s activity does not depend on spring-neap oscillations leading to lower locomotion loss.Focardi, S., & Chelazzi, G. (1990). Ecological determinants of bioeconomics in three intertidal chitons (Acanthopleura spp.).

Intertidal, prefers exposed high energy locations between upper surf zone above high tide mark to neap tide level. In less agitated conditions, populations are less dense. Where range overlaps with that of Chamaesipho columna, C. brunnea will always be found above the zone of C. columna. In more protected areas, C. columna takes over.

Dorsal (top) and ventral views of adult Adult Doryteuthis opalescens can reach a total size of 11 inches. Males are typically larger with a mantle length of 5 – 3 1/2 inches , while females are 5 –7 inches in mantle length.Morris, Robert H., Donald P. Abbott, Eugene R. Haderlie. 1980. Intertidal Invertebrates of California.

None of them are indigenous. Mudflats and other intertidal habitats tend to contain the highest distribution of gastropods, polychaetes, bivalves and decapods. At least 170 species of insects belonging to 15 different orders exist in Qatar. These include thysanura, ephemeroptera, odonata, orthoptera, dermaptera, embioptera, isoptera, dictyoptera, anoplura, hemiptera, neuroptera, lepidoptera, diptera, coleoptera and hymenoptera.

The NNR is now managed by NatureScot, but remains under private ownership, being managed by SNH under lease agreements. As much of the reserve is intertidal, Crown Estate Scotland are one of the major landowners. Management of the site seeks to balance the human activities (fishing, wildfowling and farming interests) with those of nature.

Artedius notospilotus, or the bonehead sculpin, is a species of sculpin in the family Cottidae. Commonly found in the intertidal zone to depths of 170 feet, the species has a range extending from the Puget Sound, Washington to the Baja California peninsula. It serves as the host for Podocotyle enophrysi, a species of parasitic flatworm.

This brittle star lives from the intertidal zone to a depth of 70 meters (230 feet). It is benthic, living on the sea bed, favoring rocky bottoms and coral reefs. The species lives in the eastern Pacific Ocean from southern California to Colombia, including the Gulf of California. It is found in the Galapagos Islands.

The California butterfly ray (Gymnura marmorata) is a species of ray in the family Gymnuridae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and the United States. Its natural habitats are shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, coral reefs, estuarine waters, intertidal marshes, and coastal saline lagoons.

Skates are primarily found from the intertidal down to depths greater than . They are most commonly found along outer continental shelves and upper slopes. They are typically more diverse at higher latitudes and in deep-water. In fact, skates are the only cartilaginous fish taxon to exhibit more diversity of species at higher latitudes.

The level of salinity can also be quite variable. Low salinities can be caused by rainwater or river inputs of freshwater. Estuarine species must be especially euryhaline, or able to tolerate a wide range of salinities. High salinities occur in locations with high evaporation rates, such as in salt marshes and high intertidal pools.

"The genus Leptasterias originates in the Arctic,"Himmelman, J.H., et al. "Brooding behaviour of the northern sea star Leptasterias polaris." Marine Biology. 1982;68(3):235-240. and within the United States, this species can be found in the middle intertidal zone of rocky shores of central California, including San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and Monterey counties.

During late winter to early spring, the sailfin sculpin migrates into the shallower intertidal zone to spawn.TenBrink, Todd T. & Aydin, Kerim Y. (2009). "Life history traits of sculpins in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands" NPRB Project 628 Final Report. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, p.

This sea hare occurs in the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. It can be found mostly in shallow water of about 1.5 to 10 m. It avoids the intertidal zone because the animals cannot absorb atmospheric oxygen and so die after stranding relatively quickly. Occasionally some are trapped in tide pools at low tide.

Lower Raypits can be accessed from Lion Creek by the seawall path. It has a variety of pasture, salt marsh and intertidal habitats, with nationally scarce plants such as beaked tasselweed, sea barley, grass vetchling and curved hard-grass. Invertebrates include Roesel's bush-cricket. There is access from the road between Canewdon and Wallasea Island.

Channeled whelks prefer sandy, shallow, intertidal or subtidal areas, and can be common in these habitats. They tend to be nocturnal and are known to eat clams. One of their predators is the blue crab Callinectes sapidus.Dietl & Alexander, Shell Repair Frequencies in Whelks and Moon Snails from Delaware and Southern New Jersey, Malacologia v.

This species was described from the intertidal region at Bajamar, La Laguna Tenerife with additional specimens from Tenerife and Lanzarote. It was previously reported as Trapania luquei, a species from the Cape Verde Islands.Moro, L., J. Ortea & J. J. Bacallado (1997). Primera cita de Trapania luquei Ortea, 1989 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) para las islas Canarias.

Cephalocaridans are found from the intertidal zone down to a depth of , in all kinds of sediments. Cephalocaridans feed on marine detritus. To bring in food particles, they generate currents with the thoracic appendages like the branchiopods and the malacostracans. Food particles are then passed anteriorly along a ventral groove, leading to the mouthparts.

Bunodosoma cavernatum is native to the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, its range extending from North Carolina to Texas, including Florida and the West Indies. It occurs in the lower part of the intertidal zone on rocks and jetties, and on other hard substrates underlying gravelly or sandy bottoms.

Cyanothece has been found in a variety of environments all over the world. One point in common is that the pH is usually lower than 7. Typically they are associated with water in benthic marine environments, rice fields, acidic marshes, peaty bogs, intertidal zones, moors and clear lakes, but sometimes are found in mountain soils.

The anal fin is about half the length of the dorsal fin. The penpoint gunnel is mainly found in intertidal areas at depths of . It can sometimes be seen in tide pools, also in eelgrass beds, sea lettuce beds, and in stands of kelp. It commonly takes on the color of the vegetation it inhabits.

Cicirra is a monotypic genus of Australian intertidal spiders containing the single species, Cicirra decemmaculata. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1886, and has only been found in Australia. Originally placed with the funnel-weavers, it was moved to the Matachiinae (subfamily of the Amaurobiidae) in 1967. They are closely related to Forsterina.

Ommatauxesis is a monotypic genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae containing the single species, Ommatauxesis macrops. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1903, and has only been found in Australia. Originally placed with the Cybaeidae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1967, and to the Toxopidae in 2017.

The Monterey Peninsula includes extensive tidepools brimming with life. Its sandy beaches are used by pupping harbor seals, and dense kelp beds offshore provide shelter for sea otters. The Lovers Point SMR provides habitat for a variety of marine life, and includes kelp forest, beach, rocky intertidal, soft and hard bottom.Department of Fish and Game.

In spring and summer, these green meadows are visible from fifteen metres away and if the owl limpet is transplanted to a new area, it establishes a new meadow over the course of about three weeks.Stimpson J. (1973). "The role of territory on the ecology of the intertidal limpet, Lottia gigantea". Ecology 54: 1020-1030.

Yaquina Bay comprises several different habitats that provide resources for many species. These habitats include intertidal eelgrass beds, mudflats, and sandflats, and subtidal areas. Mudflats and sandflats are typically covered by water during high tide and exposed to air during low tide, while subtidal areas are covered by water almost all of the time.

This cowry lives in intertidal rocky areas and shallow tide pools among sea weed, coral remains, and empty bivalve shells. It can be found on and under rocks in shallow water and on exposed reefs at low tide. It feeds on algae and marine vegetation growing on loose rocks and pieces of dead coral.

A flat oval chiton with a nondescript appearance and no distinct markings on the often eroded valves apart from the occasional white blotch. Girdle narrow, cream to mid-brown, also with occasional white blotches, covered in nodules. Usually attached to open rock surfaces on wave-exposed shores in the mid to low intertidal zone.

65 Tidal marshes are commonly zoned into lower marshes (also called intertidal marshes) and upper or high marshes, based on their elevation above sea level. A middle marsh zone also exists for tidal freshwater marshes. Tidal marshes may be further classified into back- barrier marshes, estuarine brackish marshes and tidal freshwater marshes, depending on the influence of sea level.

The Madagascan pratincole (Glareola ocularis) is a species of bird in the family Glareolidae. It is found in Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania, possibly Mauritius, and possibly Réunion. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, freshwater lakes, rocky shores, and intertidal marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Juvenile Alaskan king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) have been observed living as commensals on the surface of the mottled star, sheltering between its arms. Adult king crabs have been reported as attacking and eating the starfish. It is also preyed on by gulls in the intertidal zone and by the morning sunstar (Solaster dawsoni) and the sunflower seastar (Pycnopodia helianthoides).

Liparis mucosus, or the slimy snailfish, is a fish from the genus Liparis. The fish can be found from intertidal areas to 15 meters in depth. In general, they are not found in tide pools. The slimy snailfish ranges in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean from Sitka, Alaska to southern British Columbia, Canada as well as to Baja California, Mexico.

Coastal sandplains in intertidal zones like those seen in the Wadden Sea in western Europe for example, are wet with nutrients added continuously, so they can often support a very rich and important fauna of birds, worms, mussels, etc.. In North America, sandplains are often vegetated by pine barrens. In Western Australia, kwongan is the dominant vegetation.

The Waratah anemone is found along the coasts of southern Australia, its range extending from Perth to New South Wales. It is also found throughout New Zealand. It is found in cracks and crevices, under overhangs and under boulders on rocky shores, usually in the middle to low intertidal zone but occasionally higher up the shore.

The chestnut cowrie is the only species of cowrie in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It can be found in intertidal zones from Monterey, California to Isla Cedros, Baja California. It is common in Southern California, specifically around the Channel Islands. Chestnut cowries are rare in the portion of their range that is north of Santa Barbara, California.

The hairy mussel is found around the coasts of Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia as far north as Cairns. It lives on exposed reefs and among rocks and seaweed in the intertidal and subtidal zone, attaching itself to hard surfaces using its byssus threads.Mytilidae: Trichomya hirsuta (Lamarck, 1819) ('hairy mussel') Molluscs of Tasmania. Retrieved 2012-05-21.

This marine species occurs in the Red Sea and has a wide distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific; also off Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia). It is common on reef areas, usually under boulders and corals during the day. It can be found in intertidal and shallow sublittoral zones to a depth of about 10 m.

Interest in food webs increased after Robert Paine's experimental and descriptive study of intertidal shores suggesting that food web complexity was key to maintaining species diversity and ecological stability. Many theoretical ecologists, including Sir Robert MayMay RM (1973) Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Princeton University Press. and Stuart Pimm,Pimm SL (1982) Food Webs, Chapman & Hall.

Chthamalus antennatus, the six-plated barnacle is a species of intertidal barnacle found in eastern and southern Australia. Growing from two centimetres wide and one centimetre high. The barnacle is found on the coast, usually on rocks at or above the high tide level or just below the splash zone. Feeding occurs only at unusually high tides.

Entomacrodus vermiculatus, the vermiculated blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny native to the Indian Ocean where it is found around the Seychelles, the Maldives and Christmas Island. It is largely an inhabitant of the intertidal zone where it is regularly exposed to the air which it is capable of breathing. This species reaches a length of TL.

Sea urchins (), are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species live on the seabed, inhabiting all oceans and depth zones from the intertidal to . Their tests (hard shells) are round and spiny, usually from across. Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with their tube feet, and sometimes pushing themselves with their spines.

Laternula elliptica is found in the Southern Ocean, round Antarctica and the tip of Patagonia.Laternula elliptica (King & Broderip, 1831) Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2012-02-13. It has been found in waters as shallow as the intertidal zone and as deep as the continental slope (~), but it is most common in shallow waters.

Zhu-Xiang Liu, Jun Chen, Shu-Kun Tang, Yu-Qin Zhang, Jian-Wu He, Qi-Hui Chen, Wen-Jun Li and Yi-Guang Chen: Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis sp. nov., isolated from intertidal sediment, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalicoccus In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Band 61, Nr. 9, September 2011 S. 2029-2034 .

Lees, D. C., W. B. Driskell, J. R. Payne, and M .O. Hayes. 2001. Final report of CIRCAC intertidal reconnaissance survey in Upper Cook Inlet. Prepared for Cook Inlet Regional Citizens Advisory Council, Kenai, AK. The burrowing activities of A. pacifica may also cause the release of methylmercury and other heavy metals from underlying sediments into the water above.

The Cushion Sea Star is found in the intertidal zone of Australian coasts from Western Australia's south coast to Queensland's coast off Currumbin, while including Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. This sea star species favours rocky coasts abiding both in tide pools and to a maximum depth of 3 meters below sea level.

Chthamalus anisopoma is a species of intertidal barnacle. Indigenous to the northern Gulf of California, adult Chthamalus anisopoma are found on exposed shores between 0.0 and 2.0 m above mean low tide. The species is typically absent in areas protected from wave splash. Notably, Chthamalus anisipoma exhibits predator-mediated plasticity in the growth of its calcareous test.

It was first seen in Turkey in 1999 and seems to have become established in the eastern end of the Mediterranean. It favours rocky habitats in the intertidal zone, and is found at depths down to about , often growing among seaweed. It is part of the fouling community and is found on harbour walls, pilings, and other underwater structures.

The crab's butterfly-shaped carapace has a stone-like camouflage, which it uses to blend in against the rocks of the subtidal and low intertidal zones. Carapace color within the species varies greatly, but small individuals (< in length) are typically white, while larger ones tend to have an assortment of vibrant colors. Its claws are sharp, curved, and stout.

As part of constructing the sculpture park, $5.7 million were spent transforming of the seawall and underwater shoreline inside Myrtle Edwards park. A three level underwater slope was built with 50,000 tonnes of riprap. The first level of the slope is large rocks to break up waves. The second is a flat "bench" level to recreate an intertidal zone.

Ecklonia radiata is a species of kelp found in the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands, Madagascar, Mauritania, Senegal, South Africa, Oman, southern Australia, Lord Howe Island, and New Zealand. Ecklonia radiata grows in kelp beds on reefs and where sheltered can form dense 'forests'. It can be found in the low intertidal zone to depths of approximately 25m.

Notochthamalus scabrosus, the only species in the genus Notochthamalus, is a species of barnacle found along the south-western and south-eastern coasts of South America, from Peru to the Falkland Islands. The species is found almost exclusively higher in the intertidal zone than the mussel Perumytilus, often codistributed with the confamilial barnacle Chthamalus cirratus and Balanus flosculus.

The Gordon limestone belongs to the Gordon group. It is formed over western Tasmania and is conformable on the Owen Conglomerate and lies unconformably over the Precambrian rocks north of Zeehan. The limestone occurs in the Dundas and Sheffield Elements and the Florentine Synclinorium. The conditions of its formation were in or near the intertidal zone.

Pedestrian bridge connecting Haley Farm and Bluff Point state parks The park hosts a wide range of upland and wetland vegetation. Algae and intertidal plants can be found at the shore including salt meadow grass, sedge, and sphagnum moss; the park's swampy areas have red maple and tulip trees; the upland sections include cherry, hickory, and shrubs.

The habitats chosen by snailfish are as widely variable as their size. They are found in oceans worldwide, ranging from shallow intertidal zones to depths of slightly more than . This is a wider depth range than any other family of fish. They are strictly found in cold waters, meaning that species of tropical and subtropical regions strictly are deepwater.

P. parvivipara is endemic to the coast of South Australia, where it is found within of the Eyre Peninsula. Its distribution is limited to intertidal rock pools on granite rocks. Some seemingly suitable pools contain none of these starfish, while others have large numbers. Starfish favoured pools with little wave action, but with a considerable degree of biodiversity.

Sunday Island vegetation includes stands of manna gum, coastal banksia, coastal tea tree and golden wattle, with tussock grass and bracken. The island supports swamp wallabies as well as managed populations of the introduced hog deer and fallow deer. The surrounding intertidal mudflats form an important feeding habitat for thousands of migratory waders that visit Corner Inlet each year.

They also have large eyestalks with the cornea occupying most of the bottom part. Golden ghost crabs are common inhabitants of open sandy beaches, living in burrows in the intertidal and supratidal zones. They are predominantly nocturnal and semi- terrestrial. They are a generalist species, feeding on carrion and debris, as well as preying on small animals.

Cryptasterina hystera is native to a small number of locations on the coasts of Australia at the southern end of the range of Cryptasterina pentagona. It occurs around the shores and islands of Statue Bay (23°15′S; 150°45′E), in south east Queensland, and is typically found under rocks and among mangroves in the upper intertidal zone.

These brain-like brown seaweeds can be found growing on rock or as epiphytes on other seaweeds in the mid to low intertidal. Individuals can grow to ~ in diameter. Young individuals can resemble other globular forms of algae, such as Soranthera ulvoidea. To determine if it is Leathesia, squeeze and flatten a piece between your fingers.

The common presence of ripple-marks and mud-cracks suggest intermittent desiccation. Thin layers of flake-breccia associated with them indicate occasional periods of turbulence of brief duration. However, direct evidence specifically indicating an intertidal environment close to a shoreline is lacking.Ford, TD, and WJ Breed (1975) Chuaria circularis Walcott and other Precambrian fossils from the Grand Canyon.

The Dolichomacrostomidae are all members of the meiobenthos. Moreover, they are primarily marine, with some forms entering brackish habitats. Many forms are particularly abundant in the subtidal meiobenthos, but here are also intertidal and a few deep-sea forms. Dolichomacrostomidae can be found in all major oceans worldwide, but many areas have been very poorly studied to date.

The mouth of the river is a large estuarine area. The estuary is mostly unmodified, and functions primarily as a result of river energy. The delta formed by the river is tide dominated. The estuary covers a total surface area of The majority of the estuarine area is made up of salt marsh and intertidal flats.

The suburb is home to a variety of migrant and native species of birds and animals as the hinterland offers a comfortable habitat including the mudflats, seagrass beds and intertidal vegetation. Some of the migratory wading birds come from as far as Siberia, Mongolia and Asia and many of these species are protected under international agreements.

Cerithioidea is a very diverse superfamily. Its species can be found worldwide mainly in tropic and subtropic seas on rocky intertidal shores, seagrass beds and algal fronds, but also in estuarine and freshwater habitats. The freshwater species are found on all continents, except Antarctica. They are dominant members of mangrove forests, estuarine mudflats, fast-flowing rivers and placid lakes.

Lasaea rubra is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean where its range extends from Norway through the North Sea to the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Sea. It is found in the intertidal zone on rocky shores, lodged in crevices, in tufts of lichen or among the holdfasts ad fronds of seaweed, attached by byssus threads.

The mechanism of formation starts with a small fragment of sediment acting as a 'seed', e.g., a piece of a shell. Strong intertidal currents wash the 'seeds' around on the seabed, where they accumulate layers of chemically precipitated calcite from the supersaturated water. The oolites are commonly found in large current bedding structures that resemble sand dunes.

Gametogenesis in this alga occurs in discontinuous patches along the frontal apex and the gametes release synchronously in a posterior faced linear fashion by the dehiscence of gametangial sheath, leading to the thallic disintegration.Bast, F., & Okuda, K. 2010. Gametangial Ontogeny in Intertidal Green Alga: Monostroma latissimum (Kützing) Wittrock. International Journal of Plant Reproductive Biology, 2: 11-15.

The hermit crab Dardanus guttatus occupying an empty shell of L. lentiginosus The silver conch lives on coral and sandy bottoms in clear water. It is commonly found on barrier or lagoon reefs, in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones to a depth of around 4 m. It is rarely seen buried in the sand.Johnson, S. (1977).

It is rarely found in the intertidal, and is more likely to be found in the subtidal to 75 ft. Like most nudibranchs, Doris odhneri is hermaphroditic and mates with the right sides of the body together. Elegant ribbon-like egg masses are laid and attached to hard substrates.Hildering, J. & Miller, G., 2007 (Jul 27) Doris odhneri eggs?.

The intertidal flats regularly support large concentrations of passage or wintering waterfowl and waders. Three species have been recorded at nationally important numbers (between 2004 and 2009). There were eider (11.45% of the UK population), bar-tailed godwit (1.93%) and goosander (1.04%). The outer sandflats are also a haul-out site for both common and grey seals.

The species inhabits the Pacific Ocean off the northwestern coast (intertidal zone) to a depth of ) of North America, ranging from the Aleutian Islands to the north to the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the south. While rare, according to Sea Stars of the Pacific Northwest, the species is more abundant in the northern portion of its range.

Edwards Island, also known as Edward Island, is an island in Western Australia near Lancelin. The island occupies an area of with a maximum elevation of and is situated approximately off the coast. It is composed of limestone and is linked to Lancelin Island by intertidal and subtidal reef platforms. Both islands are gazetted as A Class nature reserves.

Drupella cornus commonly occurs on or under tabular corals of the genera Acropora and Montipora or on hard substrates in the lower intertidal zone and shallow sublittoral zone. In areas where Acropora and Montipora coral are rare, D. Cornus has also been known to feed on other corals such as Porites in Kenya, and Pocillopora and Porites in Hawaii.

Davids Island is a island off the coast of New Rochelle, New York, in Long Island Sound. Currently uninhabited, it was previously the site of Fort Slocum. The island is home to the endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle, and birds such as osprey and least terns. Davids Island also supports valuable wetlands, rare rocky intertidal areas, and sandy beaches.

Later in the Cretaceous some of these land plants returned to the sea as mangroves and seagrasses. These are found along coasts in intertidal regions and in the brackish water of estuaries. In addition, some seagrasses, like seaweeds, can be found at depths up to 50 metres on both soft and hard bottoms of the continental shelf.

The Anchorage Coastal Wildlife Refuge is located on a 16-mile-long section of coastline in Anchorage, Alaska, stretching from Point Woronzof to Potter Creek. The vast majority of the refuge is located on intertidal floodplains of glacial silt, with a smaller portion consisting of coastal wetlands, bogs, wooded areas, and Potter Marsh, a popular wildlife viewing area.

This species frequently lives in salt marshes. it can also be found in crevices of intertidal bedrock, in empty barnacle shells, and under rocks. Like many other periwinkles, this species can survive long exposures out of the water. The species has been recorded alive from depth range 0 – 46 m or up to 183 m (for shells only).

Hemispheric-scale wind selection facilitates bar-tailed godwit circum- migration of the Pacific. Animal Behaviour, 90, 117-130. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.020 Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis)Finn, P. G., Catterall, C. P., & Driscoll, P. V. (2007). Determinants of preferred intertidal feeding habitat for Eastern Curlew: A study at two spatial scales. Austral Ecology, 32(2), 131-144.

The bullseye round stingray (Urobatis concentricus), also known as the reticulated round ray, or spot-on-spot round ray, is a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Urotrygonidae. It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, coral reefs, estuarine waters, intertidal marshes, and coastal saline lagoons. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Fuwayrit Beach is a popular bird-watching site. The intertidal sandflats and lagoonal mudflats off the coast are important habitats for migratory seabirds. Furthermore, there a number of low nabkhas, reaching a maximum of height of about 5 feet, that host various seabird populations. A short-term survey in 2013 recorded upwards of 53 bird species off the coast.

Most species in the family live either in the intertidal zone or in the shallow subtidal zone, but some live in deeper water. They are usually abundant on solid, suitable substrates, like rocky shores and reefs.Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods in: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 1.

Variability in the diurnal stress protein (Hsp70) cycle in tropical chitons (Acanthopleura granulata) from the intertidal zone: The influence of temperature and photoperiod exposure. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 41(4), 229-239. During the day, levels decrease again as the stress level protein follows the daily air temperature curve.Schill, R., Gayle, P., & Köhler, H. (2002).

The crab feeds on mollusks, annelid worms, other benthic invertebrates, and bits of fish. Lacking jaws, it grinds up the food with bristles on its legs and a gizzard that contains sand and gravel. Spawning tends to occur in the intertidal zone and to be correlated with spring tides (the highest tides of the month). The breeding season varies.

This large snail is found on or under rocks, in exposed and moderately sheltered shores, both in intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. Cittarium pica generally does not live at great depths, though this has occasionally been reported. Most individuals are found at the water's edge, and have little tendency to disperse. Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.

This fireworm occurs on the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California, with a separate population off the coast of Panama in Central America. The species typically lives among seaweed growing on rocks and among seagrasses such as Zostera. It can be found on the seabed from the intertidal zone down to the continental shelf.

Sicyases brevirostris is a species of clingfish from the family Gobiesocidae. It is endemic to the rocky intertidal zones of the Juan Fernández Islands, Chile. It was described in 1848 as Gobiesox brevirostris by Alphone Guichenot. Fishbase treats Sicyases hildebrandi as synonymous with S. brevirostris although some authorities still treat S. hildebrandi as a valid species.

The channel bottom habitat provides a place for fish and invertebrates to move to at low tide. It is also the preferred habitat for oysters, a highly specialized animal that only lives in estuaries. Rocky intertidal habitat provides firm anchorage for seaweeds, barnacles, and ribbed mussels. Each winter, much of the standing crop of seaweeds becomes entrapped in ice.

It is found at a higher elevation during spring tides compared to neap tides. The size of a beach and its intertidal zone will influence the location of wrack deposition. Additionally, storms will often increase the volume of debris that is deposited. The wrack zone may be composed of a variety of materials, both organic and inorganic.

Rockfish range from the intertidal zone to almost deep, usually living benthically on various substrates, often (as the name suggests) around rock outcrops. Some rockfish species are very long- lived, amongst the longest-living fish on earth, with several species known to surpass 100 years of age, and a maximum reported age of 205 years for S. aleutianus.

Since the species today lives in the intertidal zone, this allows an estimate to be made of the distance from the shoreline, and by implication, the water depth. These observations are backed up by the appearance of the deep-water trace fossil Zoophycum in the predicted deepest waters, suggesting that barnacles can be a good proxy for water depth.

There are a variety of marine species within the Otway Sound, as well as along the coastal terrestrial and intertidal zones. Notably there is a moderately large colony of the Magellanic penguin along the coast of the Seno Otway.C.M. Hogan, 2008 Not to be confused with Otway Bay at the west entrance of the Abra Channel.

This swallow is native to Mexico and all of Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama). It is usually found near low-lying bodies of water and mangrove forests, which gave rise to the common name. It has also been recorded in intertidal zones. In Mexico, it is not typically found above .

Codium geppiorum is a species of seaweed in the Codiaceae family. The procumbent and densely branched thallus forms patches that are about wide that are attached to sandy substrates with tufts of rhizoids. It epilithic and is found in the intertidal and subtidal zones. In Western Australia is found along the coast in Kimberley and Pilbara regions.

The native C. tomentosum had maintained its population size and not been displaced.Coexistence of introduced and native congeneric algae: Codium fragile and C. tomentosum on Irish rocky intertidal shores. Retrieved 2011-09-17. The sea slug Elysia viridis (the "sap-sucking slug") feeds on C. tomentosum and C. fragile and has a symbiotic relationship with them.

Saccoglossus bromophenolosus is a species of acorn worm (class Enteropneusta) occurring in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and the northeastern Pacific Ocean. It grows to a length of about and lives in a burrow in soft sediment in the intertidal and subtidal zones. The scientific name refers to 2,4-dibromophenol, a secondary metabolite present in this worm.

Polymastia aurantia is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Polymastiidae. It is found in intertidal habitats including tide pools in the vicinity of Auckland, New Zealand. This is a thickly encrusting sponge with a soft, fleshy texture, growing in patches up to 18 cm across. The outer layer is bright orange with a yellowish-brown interior.

The common triplefin, Forsterygion lapillum, is a fish of the genus Forsterygion, found around the coast of New Zealand down to depths of about 15 m. Its length is between 4 and 8 cm. It is commonly found in intertidal rock pools. It can also be found in water as deep as 30m, feeding primarily on crustaceans and polychaetes.

Proteleia tapetum is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Polymastiidae. It is found in shallow subtidal and intertidal habitats in the far north of North Island, New Zealand. This is an encrusting sponge growing in patches up to 60 cm across. The outer layer is bright yellow or orange with a darker interior.

The Wadden Sea Centre () is the visitor center for the UNESCO World Heritage Site the Wadden Sea, an intertidal zone of the North Sea stretching from the Netherlands to Denmark. The center serves to raise awareness of the Wadden Sea and the marshlands around it. Located in Vester Vedsted, Denmark, the center opened in February 2017.

Bidenichthys capensis, the freetail brotula, is an uncommon South African fish of the family Bythitidae, and one of three species, and the type species, of the genus Bidenichthys. The species is found in intertidal zones and rocky tidepools ranging from East London to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. It grows up to 90 mm long TL.

Alpheus novaezealandiae is a species of shrimp in the family Alpheidae, found in Australasia. A. novaezelandiae is found around the coasts of New Zealand, Lord Howe Island and Australia, where it lives under rocks from the intertidal zone to a depth of . It is a large species, growing to a length of , and is dark in colouration.

This species is mainly found on soft bottoms in the sublittoral zone, and occasionally on the littoral fringe, where it is sometimes found alive at low tide. It does not adapt well to life in the intertidal zone, due to its intolerance for low salinities. If exposed to air, it may crawl from its shell, risking desiccation.

Limnonectes modestus is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, rivers, intertidal marshes, rural gardens, urban areas, and heavily degraded former forest. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

Anasterias antarctica is found in the Southern Ocean and the waters around Antarctica. It is native to Argentina, the Falkland Islands and southern Chile, and several islands in the Southern Ocean. Its depth range is from the intertidal zone down to about , its typical habitat being on rocks, boulders and pebbles and in forests of giant kelp.

The area that is now known as the KIBS is a traditional Inuvialuit whaling site. The KIBS was established in 1961 to protect the breeding colony of lesser snow geese.Latour, p. 30 The IUCN Category IV site area is of which make up the marine portion which have marine and intertidal marine components, but not subtidal.

Some gobiids remember landmarks that are within short distances, and use them to find their ways. Small frillfin gobies (Bathygobius soporator) live in intertidal zones. They swim through the pools during high tides and memorize how each pool connects to the others. Then, during low tides, they can exhibit accurate jumping behaviors, as they have memorized the paths.

This species was described from the intertidal zone at Coobowie, west coast of St Vincent Gulf, South Australia . It is related to the widespread tropical species Hypselodoris infucata and the similar Australian species Hypselodoris obscura. It has been reported from depths to 12 m and from Western Australia.Rudman, W.B., 1998 (November 28) Hypselodoris saintvincentius (Burn, 1962).

The range of E. polymorpha extends along the western coast of North America, from Alaska to California. It is found in the intertidal zone in tide pools and in the neritic zone at depths up to 420 m.MarineBio It tends to grow in groups and can be found growing on rocks, reefs, pilings, wharves and marinas.

Levitt taught in comprehensive schools and in further education. He is the author of a textbook on intertidal ecology. As a consultant on disabled access to services and information (1993–97), Levitt wrote three books: Sound Policies, Sound Practice and Clear Access. These deal with the way local authorities provide services for people with hearing and visual impairments.

Campus Point SMCA is designed to protect habitat and species diversity. This SMCA represents and protects a wide diversity of habitat types including eelgrass, surfgrass, kelp, rocky reefs, shallow subtidal, rocky intertidal, oil seeps, sand, and the estuarine inputs of Devereux Slough. It's also known as one of the best places for the Western snowy plover.

Abalone Cove SMCA and Point Vicente SMR protect the only true south-facing headland on California's south coast. Species afforded protection are lobsters, sea urchins, rockfish, and rocky intertidal (tide pool) inhabitants. Habitats include dense kelp forests, extensive and complex rocky reefs, and migration waters for a host of marine mammals. including humpback whales, grey whales and blue whales.

Marshes, intertidal ecosystems dominated by herbaceous vegetation, can be found globally on coastlines from the arctic to the subtropics. In the tropics, marshes are replaced by mangroves as the dominant coastal vegetation. Marshes have high productivity, with a large portion of primary production in belowground biomass. This belowground biomass can form deposits up to 8m deep.

The Yaringa Marine National Park is a protected marine national park located in Western Port, Victoria, Australia. The marine park is located between the mainland and Quail Island Nature Conservation Reserve, about southeast of Melbourne. The area comprises saltmarsh, mangroves, sheltered intertidal mudflats, subtidal soft sediments and tidal channels. It is part of the Western Port Ramsar site.

Natural England describes it as "extensive intertidal sand-silt flats, saltmarsh, beaches, grazing marshes, rough grass and scrubland". The flats are of international importance for nine species of wildfowl and waders, such as dark-bellied brent geese. Rare plants include soft hornwort and spiral tasselwood, and the site is also important for invertebrates, with 71 nationally rare species.

Tiny black sea cucumbers are found in the North Pacific Ocean from Hokkaido, Japan to the Russian Far East, the Commander Islands, the Aleutians, and south along the North American coast to Haida Gwaii in British Columbia. This is a shallow water species living on rocky bottoms in the intertidal zone, often in association with mussel beds.

This area was dedicated in 1999 and includes 3,940 acres. It includes intertidal salt marsh and submerged areas with eelgrass beds. It is the largest remaining contiguous mudflat in southern California and is an important stop for migrating birds on the Pacific Flyway. The area has walking and biking paths as well as vantage points for bird watching.

Lottia instabilis is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae. Common names include the unstable limpet, the unstable seaweed limpet and the rocking chair limpet. It is native to the northern Pacific Ocean where it feeds on kelp in the intertidal zone and the shallow sub-littoral zone.

Flodday is separated from North Uist by the narrows of Caolas Loch Portain. The coastline is described as "lag boulders and gravel intertidal areas" to the north, east and west and rock or rock platform in the south and south east."Coastal Zone Assessment Survey: East Coast of North Uist, Benbecula & South Uist". (pdf) The SCAPE Trust.

Significant levels of genetic differentiation between sicklefin lemon sharks in Australia and French Polynesia, apart, suggest that little intermingling occurs between regional subpopulations. An inhabitant of coastal continental and insular shelves, the sicklefin lemon shark occurs from the intertidal zone to a depth of .Bester, C. Biological Profiles: Sicklefin Lemon Shark. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department.

Neomyro is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. it contains only three species, all found in New Zealand: N. amplius, N. circe, and N. scitulus. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.

The Monterey Peninsula includes extensive tidepools brimming with life. Its sandy beaches are used by pupping harbor seals, and dense kelp beds offshore provide shelter for sea otters. The Pacific Grove Marine Gardens SMCA provides habitat for a variety of marine life, and includes kelp forest, beach, rocky intertidal, soft and hard bottom.Department of Fish and Game.

Upper Colne Marshes is a 114.1 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south and west of Wivenhoe in Essex. It lies along stretches of the River Colne and Roman River. The site has grazing marshes, salt tidal marshes, beaches, sea walls and intertidal mud. It has an important assemblage of nationally scarce plants and diverse ditch types.

Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Invertebrate gleaning (walking) fisheries are common within intertidal seagrass meadows globally, contributing to the food supply of hundreds of millions of people, but understanding of these fisheries and their ecological drivers are extremely limited. A 2019 study by Nessa et al.

The mudflats of Holes Bay were rapidly colonized by cordgrass during the 20th century, covering 63% of the intertidal zone between 1901 and 1924,Gray and Pearson (1984), 11-14. before receding again between 1924 and 1980 due to erosion and die-back.May & Humphreys (2005), 75 Its vegetation includes woodland wild flowers, saltmarsh plants and grassland species including orchids.

The species occurs on the coast of southern Africa, having been recorded in Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. It can also be found on Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul in the southern Indian Ocean. It inhabits the intertidal zone, where it occurs on or under rocks, generally associated with kelp and other organic drift material.

Between Pacific Tides is a 1939 book by Ed Ricketts and Jack Calvin that explores the intertidal ecology of the Pacific coast of the United States. The book was originally titled "Between Pacific Tides: An Account of the Habits and Habitats of Some Five Hundred of the Common, Conspicuous Seashore Invertebrates of the Pacific Coast Between Sitka, Alaska, and Northern Mexico". Prior to Ricketts' work, the standard descriptive text of intertidal species of the Pacific was Myrtle E. Johnson's Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast, published in 1927 (repr. 1967). Between Pacific Tides was out of print from 1942 to 1948, but it has since been revised and updated to keep it current, and is now in its fifth edition with the size increasing around twenty percent from the original.

Olson read The Intertidal Zone, an educational book hosted by a sea sponge character, which Hillenburg had written and illustrated while working at the Ocean Institute to teach students about tide pools. Olson enthusiastically encouraged Hillenburg to create an underwater television series like the book. Hillenburg has stated that his idea for the SpongeBob series hatched during this conversation with Olson about The Intertidal Zone; in Hillenburg's words, Olson told him, "This is your show right here." Olson wrote, co-wrote or directed a number of off-beat stage plays in Los Angeles, including "The Head", "The Idiots", "I Never Knew My Father", "1958", "Torn", "The Ron Lynch Show", "The Bob Rubin Experience" and "Cold Black Heart" at various theaters, including the Comedy Central Stage, the HBO Theater and the Steve Allen Theater in Hollywood.

They are generally found in fouling communities and intertidal areas where they build tubes of detritus and algae fragments using silky mucus secretions. They are remarkable for having two distinct morphs of males with two different mating strategies. The 'major' morphs are fighter males, while the 'minor' morphs are sneaker males. J. marmorata is classified under the genus Jassa of the family Ischyroceridae.

Gloiopeltis furcata at Seaweeds of Alaska Gloiopeltis furcata inhabits the mid to high intertidal zone of rocky coasts where it grows abundantly, on the tops and sides of rocks and rocky ledges. G. furcata is very similar to Gloiopeltis tenax and Gloiopeltis complanata. The three species are grown, harvested, and often used interchangeably. G. furcata is commercially harvested in China and Japan.

Sea sacs are widely distributed in the north Pacific Ocean. The species is found from the Russian Far East to the Bering and Chukchi Seas, the Aleutian Islands, mainland Alaska and south along the coast of North America to Point Conception, California. Sea sacs are found in Puget Sound. This is a shallow water species growing in the low to middle intertidal zone.

This algae is an annual, appearing in the Spring and degenerating in the Fall. It has a complex reproductive strategy. The obvious sea sacs that are seen in the intertidal zone are a mix of male gametophytes and asexual tetrasporophytes. They appear to be identical, but close examination reveals the thalli of the tetrasporophytes to be dotted with the red tetraspores.

Capitella teleta lives in the shallow-water or intertidal marine environment. It is also found in salt marshes and is often found in high concentrations in disturbed soft sediments. It is a member of the infaunal benthic community. C. teleta burrows through the sediment by peristalsis, using its hydrostatic skeleton and contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles in the body wall.

Heteroclinus wilsoni, or Wilson's weedfish, is a species of clinid found along the coast of southern Australia and Tasmania where it can be found in weedy reefs from the intertidal zone down to a depth of about . This species can reach a maximum length of TL. The specific name honours John Bracebridge Wilson (1828-1895), a naturalist and headmaster who collected the type.

The California coastline at Bird Rock, Pebble Beach There are several habitat types within Pebble Beach. These include intertidal zones, littoral and supralittoral and closed- cone coniferous forest, that encompasses, e.g., Monterey Pine Forest and Monterey Cypress Forest. The Monterey Pine forest is habitat to numerous rare and endangered species including Hickman's potentilla and Yadon's piperia, both of which are federally protected species.

After courtship, the female releases two egg masses, fertilized by the male before floating to the surface. The embryos secrete an adhesive mucous allowing them to attach to nearby intertidal rocks and corals before hatching. During one mating session, females can lay up to 30,000 eggs. However, it has been observed that females will lay more eggs in the warmer months.

Juveniles of this species are present on intertidal benches whereas adults will occur along subtidal reefs to about . Individuals that are present around the Hawaiian Islands occur between . There have been sightings of this species in shallow water, lagoon pinnacles, sand, sand with gravel, among weed or rocks and under dead coral. It is said to be able to withstand rough waters.

"New crenulides from the sea hare, Aplysia vaccaria." The Journal of Organic Chemistry 48.11 (1983): 1906-1909. This difference in food sources likely minimizes competition between the two species, which share much of the same habitat. Aplysia vaccaria is found in the intertidal and upper- subtidal zone, meaning that it can survive exposure to air while the tide is out.

The Peruvian meadowlark (Leistes bellicosus) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is found in western Peru, Ecuador and far northern Chile. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrublands, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrublands, intertidal marshes, and pasturelands all around 1,000 metres above sea level. The males are streaky brown with a bright red throat and chest.

Parasesarma pictum is a mudflat crab, belonging to the Sesarmidae family (subfamily Sesarminae), which is endemic to East Asia. This crab typically inhabits mangrove swamps, preferring the upper intertidal region of estuaries, and living in small crevices and abandoned holes made by other species. It eats leaf litter and other vegetation. The breeding season of P. pictum is between May and September.

A number of individuals of Peringia ulvae on mud Peringia ulvae is a widespread and abundant member of the benthic fauna of estuarine habitats and coastal brackish and salt waters. It is very common in brackish water and saltwater, in estuaries and salt marshes. It is most common in the upper half of the intertidal zone. It tolerates salinity 1.0-3.3 %.

H. cavicauda is found along the Pacific coast of North America from Cape Mendocino in the north, through the Channel Islands, to Isla San Jerónimo, Mexico in the south. It usually lives beneath rocks in the lower part of the intertidal zone. The related species H. mertensii occurs further north, but shares a similar ecology to that of H. cavicauda.

Anderson Inlet is a shallow and dynamic estuary where the Tarwin River enters Bass Strait. It forms a 2,400 ha almost enclosed bay next to Inverloch, for which it provides a popular and protected beach. At low tide its intertidal mudflats provide important feeding habitat for migratory waders. It is named after the Anderson brothers, the first Europeans to settle in the area.

Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east.

The type location of Aplidium solidum is Pemba Island, Tanzania and it is also found in Australian waters. It occurs on the west coast of North America from British Columbia south to California where it is common on rocks, especially among the holdfasts of kelp forests, and pilings. It occurs in the intertidal zone and at depths down to 40 metres.

Simonszand () is a sandbank between the West Frisian Islands of Schiermonnikoog and Rottumerplaat in the Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland in the province of Groningen. The sandbank was originally mapped as being an Intertidal zone in approximately 1811, but changed in later mappings to be shown as a Supratidal zone after it became larger and migrated seaward.