Fears of Ethiopia suffering Africa's next interethnic conflict are growing.
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Their actions are only encouraging a deepened interethnic divide affecting vulnerable civilian populations.
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This kind of friendly interethnic connection is common, and has almost always been effortless.
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" He called the magazine an "anti-Russian" publication that incites "interethnic enmity and hatred.
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Interethnic violence, mostly over land, has left nearly a million people displaced from their homes.
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About 17 percent of new marriages and 20 percent of cohabiting relationships are interracial or interethnic.
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Though the logic seemed obvious, interethnic marriage was a rarity and something her community disapproved of.
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Ethiopia today is on the precipice of state failure and faces the abyss of interethnic civil war.
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"There will be no war," said Bakir Izetbegovic, the Bosniak chairman of the country's three-man interethnic presidency.
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The resulting clash threatens to exacerbate competitive ethnic politics further and push the country toward an interethnic conflict.
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"There was no attempt to analyze the roots of authoritarianism or Burma's complex interethnic relations," Thant Myint U writes.
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A little more than two decades ago it was shaken by genocidal interethnic conflict that killed hundreds of thousands.
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Smith, Yamamoto and Haley euphemistically use the word "stability" to signify their concern about an interethnic civil war in Ethiopia.
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Albanian voters in Macedonia shifted toward the Social Democrats in significant numbers for the first time since a 2001 interethnic conflict.
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" Recently, one commentator ominously predicted, "Facing the abyss of interethnic civil war, Ethiopia today is on the brink of state failure.
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"We understand that the Russians always try to play with so-called interethnic problems," Security Service of Ukraine head Vasily Hrytsak said.
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Households with interracial or interethnic heterosexual married couples grew by 28% in just 10 years, from 7% in 2000 to 10% in 2010.
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This is as clear a repudiation of Obama's entire worldview, built on interracial and interethnic tolerance, as you can imagine in a successor.
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Opinion The reforms by the country's new prime minister are clashing with its flawed Constitution and could push the country toward an interethnic conflict.
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Demonstrations turned into interethnic conflicts, which in 1991 escalated into war after officials in Karabakh declared the region independent and the Soviet Union later dissolved.
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Two decades of instability, armed conflict between national government forces and local militias and intercommunal and interethnic violence has left millions displaced, disabled and dead.
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The case was not about inciting "interethnic enmity and hatred," nor was it about the spurious charges of embezzlement that were leveled against Mrs. Sharina.
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Previously, he lived in the city of Osh, in southern Kyrgyzstan, a region that has been the site of interethnic clashes between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz.
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Today, 10% of all U.S. married couple households are interracial or interethnic according to the U.S. Census (2010), which is an increase of 28% since 2000.
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This outburst erupted quite suddenly, but only after years of more gradual, low-level increases in interethnic hostilities between Tutsis and Hutus had been instigated and tolerated.
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Hollyhock's happy upbringing is hilariously underscored by her eight polyamorous adoptive dads: an intentionally maximalist family of interracial, interspecies, interethnic, LGBT-friendly, loving, supportive, and encouraging characters.
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The socioeconomic gap between Ashkenazim and Mizrahim has since narrowed, spurred by a rise in interethnic marriage (about a third of Jewish Israeli children born today are ethnically mixed).
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Various factions rose up to oppose his administration's actions, including Aidesep, the interethnic association for the development of the Peruvian rain forest, an organization of indigenous Amazonians led by Alberto Pizango.
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But for the past four decades, multicultural marriages — interracial, interethnic and interreligious — have been increasing, with at least 7 percent of married-couple households now including one native and one foreign-born spouse.
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Even though Singapore's Chinese ethnic majority accounts for about three-quarters of the city-state's population, the government often goes to great lengths to promote interethnic harmony as a symbol of national identity.
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And that collapse is leading to a rising tide of "economic migrants, interethnic conflicts and extremism," Monique Barbut, who heads the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and guided me in Niger, explained.
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In India, for example, multi-ethnic sports teams, labor unions, political parties, and so on have been found to significantly reduce interethnic enmity and violence between Hindus and Muslims cohabitating in the same community.
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On May 24, Patrick Calvar, the head of the counterterrorism intelligence agency, was reported to have warned that the next threat was interethnic clashes between far right radicalized groups taking matters in their own hands and Muslims.
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In 2014, the police arrested Ilham Tohti, a scholar who founded a popular bilingual website aimed at encouraging interethnic dialogue — a critic of the Communist Party, but one who had consistently opposed violence and never advocated independence.
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World Briefing Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations secretary general, warned on Monday of possible election-related violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where recent months have also seen a sharp increase in tribal and interethnic conflicts.
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Albanians make up about a third of the 2.1 million population of the landlocked former Yugoslav republic, and in December's ballot they shifted toward the Social Democrats in significant numbers for the first time since an interethnic conflict in 2001.
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We also saw this in Rwanda, where it has taken decades of intervention including military actions, legislation, criminal tribunals, and local truth and reconciliation processes (the Gacaca courts), among other initiatives, to begin to reduce trauma, suspiciousness and interethnic hostility to pre-conflict levels.
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After early parliamentary elections in December 2016, Gruevski failed to form a majority in Parliament with the biggest ethnic Albanian party and called upon the citizens to defend the unitary character of the country against purported federalization plans, turning the impunity crisis into an interethnic one.
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But Mr. Osadchiy's attendance at the seminar, which Western and other diplomats shunned, angered Nicos Anastasiades, the Greek-Cypriot president of the Republic of Cyprus and a strong supporter of efforts to resolve an interethnic dispute as intractable and nearly as protracted as the Israel-Palestine conflict.
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The breakup of Yugoslavia, and the declaration of independence by the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, sparked interethnic carnage in which Bosnian Serbs, Croats and Muslims butchered one another and were murdered with a brutality and complexity that horrified and baffled the outside world in equal measure.
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"Despite powerful evidence that an established presence of local minorities fosters interethnic contact, reducing threat levels at the neighborhood level," the authors write, the larger pattern is that: rising diversity — all else being equal — increases anti-immigration sentiment and support for the populist radical right among native-born whites in the West.
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Bojan Maricik, the executive director of Eurothink: Center for European Strategies, an independent think tank based in Skopje, the Macedonian capital, said he believed that Western governments did try to influence events in the country, but only to prevent wide-scale interethnic conflict and to ensure that basic democratic principles were being respected, such as the rule of law and freedom of the press.
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And beyond all of that, Trump's own policies — his Muslim ban, his border wall, his call for nationwide stop and frisk — represent a remarkable and large-scale repudiation of Obama's vision for America, one that emphasized interreligious and interethnic tolerance, that sought to bring in Muslims at home and abroad as partners, that sought to protect millions of undocumented immigrants from deportation, and that used the Department of Justice to fight police departments that brutalized black communities.
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Interethnic marriage is a form of exogamy that involves a marriage between spouses who belong to different ethnic groups or races. Intra-racial interethnic marriage was not historically a taboo in the United States.Interracial marriage flourishes in U.S. – US news – Life – Race & ethnicity. NBC News (2007-04-15).
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Indeed, it can be argued that interethnic, as well as intra-ethnic networks can serve various purposes, either increasing or diminishing social capital. In fact, Varshney himself notes that intra-ethnic policing (equivalent to the "self-policing" mechanism proposed by Fearon and Laitin, 1996) may lead to the same result as interethnic engagement.
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Reeve, Mary- Elizabeth, and Casey High. "Between Friends and Enemies: The Dynamics of Interethnic Relations in Amazonian Ecuador." Ethnohistory 59:1 (Winter 2012).
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In Singapore, the majority of interracial marriages occur between Chinese women and Indian men. The government of Singapore classifies them as their father's ethnicity. According to government statistics, 2.4% of Singapore's population are multiracial, mostly Chindians. The highest number of interethnic marriages was in 2007, when 16.4% of the 20,000 marriages in Singapore were interethnic, again mostly between Chinese and Indians.
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"Asian American Riverside" is a resource for local schools and the community. The project will help support interethnic understanding and strengthen community in Riverside.
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Tajik as the state language and Russian, designated as language of interethnic communication in the constitution,Constitution o Tajikistan Art. 2 are widely spoken.
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Shi Tianze was a Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen became common at this time.
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G. Sergeyeva. Caucasus Ethnographic Almanach. USSR Academy of Sciences, V. 9. "Interethnic communications of the peoples of Dagestan in the late nineteenth and twentieth century (ethnolinguistic aspects)".
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According to Gordon M. Hahn, the post-Soviet conflicts led to the death of at least 196,000 people, excluding pogroms and interethnic violence, between 1990 and 2013.
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The aim of the interethnic and regional reconciliation program is to challenge old narratives on interethnic and regional relations through dealing with the past, transitional justice, and establishing new relations with mutual interests. The Jahjaga Foundation will commit to programs where preservation of collective memory as well as dealing with the past, promotion of justice and peace, is cultivated based on the recognition and participation of all parties.
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Volumes I & II. Sage. Anastasiou, H. (2010). “Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία: Ανάμεσα στα εθνικιστικά αδιέξοδα και το μετά-εθνικό κράτος” (The Republic of Cyprus: Between Nationalist Impasse and Interethnic Democracy).
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The sh.asus is defined as an interethnic association. The most important function of the sh.asus is the representation of interests of the students in social and cultural concerns.
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Jeffrey S. Passel, Wendy Wang and Paul Taylor. 755 Marrying Out – Pew Research Center: Marrying Out. One-in-Seven New U.S. Marriages is Interracial or Interethnic . RELEASED JUNE 4, 2010.
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In 2006, Regnum was awarded the National Prize of Russia “Runet Prize”. In 2008, Regnum was awarded the “Media-Peacemaker-2008” of the Guild of Interethnic Journalism in the category “Internet”.
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Most languages of Uzbekistan are Turkic languages. However, the two languages of government are the Uzbek language as the first and state language, and Russian as the interethnic and public institutions language.
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Sex and Sin, Witchcraft and the Devil in Late-Colonial Mexico. American Ethnologist, 14:1 (February 1987), p. 34. Furthermore, witchcraft in Mexico generally required an interethnic and interclass network of witches.Lavrin, Asunción.
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Willard Sunderland, "An Empire of Peasants. Empire-Building, Interethnic Interaction, and Ethnic Stereotyping in the Rural World of the Russian Empire, 1800–1850s." Imperial Russia. New histories for the Empire (1998): 174–198.
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An English creole, Liberian Kreyol is spoken by most of the population of Liberia as a second language, and is used as the main interethnic language given that no ethnic group is particularly numerous.
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It wasn't until the late 1960s that the term "Asian American" was created in an attempt to advocate for political solidarity and cultural nationalism.Cheung, King-Kok. An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature. Cambridge: 1988.
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Research in cultural neuroscience has practical relevance to transcultural psychiatry, business and technology as well as broader implications for global public policy issues such as population health disparities, bioethics, globalization, immigration, interethnic ideology and international relations.
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The Dayak Ngaju language, a language originating from Central Kalimantan is used as a liturgical language in the Borneo Evangelical Church headquartered in Banjarmasin. Indonesian is widely used as a second language and also for interethnic communication.
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In TB Hinton & PC Weigand (eds), Themes of indigenous acculturation in northwest Mexico. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 38:36-49.Dunnigan, T. 1981b. Ritual as interethnic competition: indito versus blanco in Mountain Pima Easter ceremonies.
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AAAC has produced exhibition catalogs, videos, and sound recordings that document visual arts, oral traditions,Cheung, King-Kok (editor) (1997). An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 42. Ng, Fong Ten, et al. (1991).
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It produced biweekly editions that familiarized people with Catholic teaching. It played a role in cultivating a “Southern” identity in Sudan.Tounsel, "God will crown us," 187. It fostered interethnic dialogue through the translation of vernacular songs and use of a variety of words for Jesus.
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Tounsel, "God will crown us," 150. Boys associations for alumni of some schools were also created in the 1930s and 1940s to promote interethnic engagement.Tounsel, "God will crown us," 151-152. Despite this, some Dinka mission school graduates believed they received unequal treatment from the Catholic church.
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The Interpreters of the Parlamentos: Agents of Communication During Two Centuries of Political Contact. In: The Hispanic- Mapuche Parlamentos: Interethnic Geo-Politics and Concessionary Spaces in Colonial America, pp. 117-141. Springer, Cham. For example the expedition of John Narborough in 1670 was recognised as a morohuinca.
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The novel also continued a theme introduced in Adinegoro's first novel, Darah Muda (Young Blood; 1927), namely interethnic marriage between Minang and Sundanese people. A similar theme was dealt with in Hardjosumarto's Rusmala Dewi (1932), which dealt with the relationship between a Javanese man and Minang girl.
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In addition, Pellowski's novels are noted for moving "beyond the confines of Polishness through interethnic marriage and, more important, by showing the younger generation's acquisition of a global perspective."Thomas S. Gladsky, Princes, Peasants, and Other Polish Selves: Ethnicity in American Literature, University of Massachusetts Press 2009, p. 261.
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Reeve, Mary-Elizabeth, and Casey High. "Between Friends and Enemies: The Dynamics of Interethnic Relations in Amazonian Ecuador." Ethnohistory 59:1 (Winter 2012). Curaray Kichwa, who occasionally see them but avoid interacting with them, say these are the Tagaeri, speaking a language like that of the western Huaorani.
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Subsequently, Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights, National Minorities and Interethnic Relations unanimously supported petition and it was registered in the Ukrainian Parliament on May 20. The legalization of medical cannabis - was supported by the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky in an interview to RBC-Ukraine on April 18.
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Myrzakmatov, an ethnic Kyrgyz, is known for being a nationalist. Most of his supporters are southern ethnic Kyrgyz. After the 2010 South Kyrgyzstan riots, Myrzakmatov emerged as a strong leader and has been widely supported by Kyrgyz nationalists. Some have even blamed Myrzakmatov of instigating the interethnic riots.
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Chicago Tribune. 29 March 1999 Scholarly analyses of the period, however, attribute the conflict to primarily ethnic tensions, and not religious ones."Interethnic Relations and Minorities in the Republic of Macedonia" . Southeast European Politics – Vol 2, N.1. May 2001 Some religious buildings were damaged or destroyed in the fighting.
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The name Bolaven makes reference to the Laven ethnic group which has historically dominated the region. However, domestic migrations by the Lao ethnic group (which comprises approximately 50 to 60 percent of the population of Laos) has resulted in widespread interethnic marriage, thus modifying the ethnic composition of the region.
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Additionally, in school settings, interracial friendships positively impacted the individuals involved and the school culture as a whole.Pica-Smith, C. and Poynton, T. (2014). Supporting interethnic and interracial friendships among youth to reduce prejudice and racism in schools: the role of the school counselor. Professional School Counseling: 2014-2015, Vol.
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Ohio State University, 1993, updated in 2006. pp. 104-106 Nuo folk religion is a system of the Chinese folk religion with distinct institutions and cosmology present especially in central-southern China. It arose as an exorcistic religious movement, and it is interethnic but also intimately connected to the Tujia people.
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Udovičić was born in Belgrade into an interethnic marriage, to a Croatian father and a Serbian mother. His paternal grandfather was Italian, thus he also holds an Italian passport. He also has Croatian citizenship. After his parents' divorce, he continued living with his mother in Belgrade, while his father moved back to Istria.
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This was done with the controversial New Economic Policy (NEP).Jomo Kwame Sundaram. UNRISD The New Economic Policy and Interethnic Relations in Malaysia. Its main objective was the elimination of the association of race with economic function, and the first five-year plan to begin implementing the NEP was the Second Malaysia Plan.
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Muslim traders introduced Islam to the western region between 1870 and 1885. The chief Mumia of Nabongo accorded the Swahili traders warm welcome. During an interethnic war, the Muslims assisted Chief Mumia to overcome his enemies. In return, one Idd day, Chief Mumia, his family and officials of his court converted to Islam.
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But in everyday life the majority of Crimean Tatars and Ukrainians in Crimea use Russian.For a more comprehensive account of language politics in Crimea, see Natalya Belitser, "The Constitutional Process in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the Context of Interethnic Relations and Conflict Settlement," International Committee for Crimea. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
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Empirically estimating the effect of segregation on the incidence of violence across 700 localities in Rift Valley Province of Kenya after the contested 2007–2008 general election, Kimuli Kahara finds that local ethnic segregation increases communal violence by decreasing interethnic trust rather than by making it easier to organize violence. Even if a small minority of individuals prefer to live in ethnically homogenous settings due to fear of other ethnic groups or otherwise, it can result in high degrees of ethnic segregation. Kahara argues that such ethnic segregation decreases the possibility of positive contact across ethnic lines. Integration and the resultant positive interethnic contact reduces prejudice by allowing individuals to correct false beliefs about members of other ethnic groups, improving intergroup relations consequently.
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Another Azeri Deposed in Derbent. Haqqin.az. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015. American political analyst Paul A. Goble characterised these events as "the boiling point" in the interethnic relations in Derbent and did not exclude the possibility of them leading to an ethnic conflict that would threaten to extend across the Russian–Azerbaijani border.
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Nikolai Fyodorovich Bugay (; born 19 December 1941) is a Russian historian who has made a number of controversial claims while attempting to justify deportations of ethnic minorities in the USSR. Despite his controversies, he remains in academia and is an adviser of the Department of Interethnic Relations of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia.
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The Ministry of Culture and Sports () is the central executive body in the Government of Kazakhstan, that provides leadership in the fields of culture, internal political stability, interethnic harmony, the development of languages, state symbols, state social order, archiving and documentation, religious activities, physical culture and sports, gambling, as well as intersectoral coordination and state regulation.
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This group was mostly Tutsi and their Hutu abagaragu (clients) had been icyihuture (turned Tutsi), which negated interethnic tension. They settled above the Ruzizi Plain on the Itombwe Plateau. The plateau, which reached an altitude of , could not support large-scale agriculture, but allowed cattle grazing. Over time, the Banyamulenge identified less as Banyarwanda and more as Congolese.
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If this is implemented at a young age, it is more likely to carry into adulthood, thus molding a more socially and culturally competent adult.Pica-Smith, C. and Poynton, T. (2014). Supporting interethnic and interracial friendships among youth to reduce prejudice and racism in schools: the role of the school counselor. Professional School Counseling: 2014-2015, Vol.
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After leaving the commission, Osmanov devoted himself to journalism and the NDKT. In 1991 he established the newspaper "Areket", which he was the editor of for the remainder of his life. He also wrote for other newspapers, writing op-eds about the interethnic relations in Crimea. In 1992 he moved to his homeland, Crimea, with his wife and daughter.
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P. E. H. Hair, (1997). '"Elephants for Want of Towns": The Interethnic and International History of Bulama Island, 1456-1870', History in Africa, Vol. 24, pp. 183, 186 The abolition of the slave trade by Britain in 1807 presented the slave traders of Guinea with a virtual monopoly of the West Africa slave trade with Brazil.
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In 2007 Russian blogger Savva Terentyev was accused of fomenting social hatred to the staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and sentenced to one year probation due to his comment in the blog of a local journalist. Later another number of individuals were accused of calling for extremist activity, libel and incitement of interethnic hatred.
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In March 1970, the division participated in the combined arms exercise "Dvina". During the exercise, the division used the Antonov An-22 for the first time. The division participated in Exercise "Autumn-88". Between 1988 and 1992 the division participated in the suppression of interethnic conflicts in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Baltic region, Transdnistria, North Ossetia, and South Ossetia.
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This second novel further discussed interethnic marriages in relation to Minang adat, also with a Sundanese woman as the object of the protagonist's affections. He did not publish any more novels afterwards, instead devoting his time to journalism and writing schoolbooks. A novel with a similar theme but featuring a Javanese woman was Rusmala Dewi (1932) by Hardjosumarto and Aman Datuk Madjoindo.
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Each people resolves this subject for themselves. In these conditions the existing peoples and languages of Türkic family should be carefully preserved as rare gifts of the nature, and should be given full opportunity to develop, while Turkish language, the largest language of the Türkic family with immense literature and long history, can be used as a language of interethnic dialogue.
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The Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Rainforest (Spanish: Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana - AIDESEP) is a Peruvian national indigenous rights organization, presided over by a decentralized National Council. The organization comprises 57 federations and territorial organizations.AIDESEP - ¿Cómo estamos organizados? These organizations represent 1,350 communities of roughly 350,000 indigenous people who speak a plurality of languages.
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The Company appointed Souw as Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia with political and legal authority over the local Chinese community. This system formed part of the Dutch colonial system of ‘Indirect Rule’. Similar posts were created for leaders of other ethnic groups in Batavia, such as the Bugis, the Balinese, the Makassarese, the Indians and the Papangers. Interethnic relations were close.
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During the Soviet era, Syunik was noted as a source of metal and ore production. However, the region was shaken by the renewal of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh with neighbouring Azerbaijan. In 1987–1989, the remaining Azeri inhabitants fled the region as a result of interethnic violence.Situation of refugees and displaced persons in Armenia, Azerbaijan and GeorgiaThomas de Waal.
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The Moldavian SSR became the subject of a systematic policy of Russification. Cyrillic was made the official script for Moldavian. It had an official status in the republic, together with Russian, which was the language of "interethnic communication". Most industry that was built in the Moldavian SSR was concentrated in Transnistria, while the rest of Moldavia had a predominantly agricultural economy.
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Since Singapore has only four official languages (English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil), Singapore Bazaar Malay not only is a lingua franca in interethnic communication, it is also used in intra-group communication. Singapore Bazaar Malay is mostly spoken by elders and middle- aged workers today, but its language status is declining due to education policies and language campaigns with less than 10,000 speakers.
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Valikhanov claimed that the mixed children of Turkistan were referred to as çalğurt. Uyghur women were bashed for having "negative character" by a Kashgari Uyghur woman's Tibetan husband. Racist views of each other's ethnicities between partners in interethnic marriages still persisted sometimes. During this era it was mostly Uyghur women marrying foreign men with a few cases of the opposite occurring.
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Mayors of Columbus, Georgia John Fontaine, (painting), Smithsonian InstitutionJohn T. Ellisor, The Second Creek War: Interethnic Conflict and Collusion on a Collapsing Frontier, Omaha, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2010, p. 200 He defended the town during the Creek War of 1836, with the help of Governor William Schley. He used Creek informants to spy and report on their planned attacks.
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By: San Juan, E., Jr.. IN: Garcia, J. Neil C.; The Likhaan Book of Philippine Criticism. Quezon City, Philippines: U of the Philippines P; 2000. pp. 441–64 #The Novels of Bienvenido N. Santos By: Grow, L. M.. Quezon City, Philippines: Giraffe; 1999. #Filipino American Literature By: Gonzalez, N. V. M.. IN: Cheung, An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature.
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Although the Russian language is not an official language in the country, it is widely used in many fields. Digital information from the government is bilingual. Russian is an important language for interethnic communication, especially in the cities, including much day-to-day social, technical, scientific, governmental and business use. The country is also home to approximately one million native Russian speakers.
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The book focuses on the history of education in the United States between 1800 and 1885 in public elementary schools, and follows their transition from one-room schools to centralized, bureaucratic school systems.Suzuki, Bob H. (1998). Education and the Socialization of Asian Americans: A Revisionist Analysis of the'Model Minority' Thesis. In Franklin Ng (Ed.), Asian American Interethnic Relations and Politics, pp.
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Mass urban migration was also taking place. A favourable economic situation in Baku attracted many people from all over the Russian Empire. The Russian population of Baku grew from around 37,400 in 1897 to 57,000 in 1903 and reached 76,300 by 1913. Interethnic conflicts in the South Caucasus that accompanied the Georgian, Armenian, and Azerbaijani declarations of independence in 1918 greatly impacted the Russian population.
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In the 1980s, Drs. Michelle Miller-Day and Michael Hecht’s research in interpersonal and interethnic communication at Arizona State University led them to use narrative and performance theories to study how people's personal stories promote reading, prevent date rape, and develop positive familial attitudes. They first obtained funding from NIDA and launched the Project (DRS1) in 1989. Initial research was conducted in two high schools in Arizona.
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Filipinos in Indonesia generally maintain good interethnic relations with their Indonesian neighbours, with whom they feel culturally closer than Europeans or Americans; Indonesians stereotype Filipinos as being gregarious and cheerful. However, there are fears that Filipinos in Indonesia may become the targets of kidnappings by local militant groups such as Jemaah Islamiyah in an attempt to secure the release of JI members imprisoned in Philippine jails.
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Britain has a long history of interethnic marriage among the various European populations that inhabited the island, including the Celtic, Roman, Viking, Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman peoples. In the late 15th century, the Romani people arrived. The arriving Romani nomads took local British wives, forming a distinct community known as the Romnichal. Due to intermarriage, Romnichal today are often indistinguishable from the general white British population.
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The Association of Italians of Romania – RO.AS.IT. (; ) is an ethnic minority political party in Romania representing the Italian community. The main objective of the organisation is to preserve the traditions and customs of the Italian community and promote the Italian language, culture and history. It is supported by the Department of Interethnic Relations and the Italian Embassy in Bucharest. In 2014 it joined the European Democratic Party.
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This language should be distinguished from Ternate Malay, a local Malay-based creole which it has heavily influenced. Ternate serves as the first language of ethnic Ternateans, mainly in the rural areas, while Ternate Malay is used as a means of interethnic and trade communication, particularly in the urban part of the island. More recently, there has been a language shift from Ternate towards Malay.
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Maskhadov has been killed by Russian special forces in 2005 while calling Moscow for negotiations to end the Second Chechen War. The increasingly radicalized Chechen separatist movement evolved into an interethnic, pan- Islamic militant network, and in 2007 its originally nationalist goal of an independent and secular Chechnya has been officially abandoned in favor of an unified Islamic state encompassing most of Russia's North Caucasus.
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Up until the early twentieth century, Azeri was the language of interethnic communication across most of the South Caucasus and the surrounding regions, including much of Georgia, with the exception of the Black Sea coastal regions.Nasledie Chingiskhana by Nikolai Trubetzkoy. Agraf, 1999; p. 478 This mainly had to do with the economic practices of the neighbouring (mainly male) population, such as seasonal work, distant pastoralism and trade.
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Sadykov actively opposed the recruitment of Azerbaijanis into the ranks of Chechen fighters during the First and Second Chechen War. In 2012, Sadykov became Putin's confidant during his election campaign and after his victory joined the Council on Interethnic Relations. Sadykov is the author of administrative reform to enlarge the regions of the Russian Federation. He fought for the rights of emigrants and national minorities.
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In 1992 interethnic conflict again flared, prompting a peak in Lhotshampa departures, totaling over 100,000 by 1996. Many Lhotshampa claim to have been forcibly evicted by the military, who forced them to sign "Voluntary Migration Form" documents stating they had left willingly. In 1998, Tek Nath Rizal was granted a royal pardon and left for Nepal to form the "People's Forum for Human Rights".
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Marrying Out One-in-Seven New U.S. Marriages is Interracial or Interethnic. Released June 4, 2010; Revised June 15, 2010 Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the Westerner's image of the Asian woman has been seen as subservient, loyal, and family oriented. After World War II, particularly feminine images of Asian women made interracial marriage between Asian American women and Caucasian men popular.
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Türkisch für Anfänger: Im Ausland ein Hit (German language), Filmstarts.de, 1 April 2009 (30 January 2013) Created by Bora Dağtekin, the plot is based on interethnic-relations between German and Turkish people. Adnan Maral plays the role of a widower of two children who marries an ethnic German mother of two children - forming the Öztürk-Schneider family. The comedy consisted of fifty-two episodes and three seasons.
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We are most > thankful to him for his hard work in the Muslim education. For the past > years, the Union of Muslims of Russia with assistance of A.-V. Niyazov has > launched dozens of projects and strengthened contacts with world Muslim > leaders. Our brother has been assisting peaceful settlement of Caucasus > conflicts, the agreement of views among Russian Muslim leaders, the > development of interethnic and interconfessional dialog.
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Initiatives for China was founded in 2008 by Dr. Yang Jianli after being released from Chinese prison for his political activities. The organization is a successor of the formal Foundation for China in the 21st Century, and it has continued foundation's tasks of Yibao Online Magazine and its Interethnic Interfaith Leadership Conference. Begin in 2018, the organization has officially adopted its new name Citizen Power Initiatives for China.
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The Movement Against Illegal Immigration was banned by the Moscow City Court on April 18, 2011. According to prosecutors, DPNI leaders had repeatedly taken part in events aimed at igniting interethnic hatred. However, it did not enter into force across Russia because it was appealed. At the same time, the 18 February 2011 decree of Moscow Chief Prosecutor about the suspension of the activities of the organization is in force.
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Whereas, for instance, in the case of the bridge separating the Catholics and Muslims in Mostar, Bosnia—or the Berlin Wall characterizing political divide in Germany—the focus was on spatial segregation and clear lines of demarcation, Kazan's methodology has reduced antagonism by focusing on the social and economic benefits of interethnic peace and the incentive to cooperate not only on political but also religious and cultural bases.
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Thus, segregation is correlated with low levels of interethnic trust. This widespread mistrust along ethnic lines explains the severity of communal violence by implying that when underlying mistrust is high, it is easier for extremists and elites to mobilize support for violence, and that where violence against members of other ethnic groups is supported by the public, perpetrators of such violence are less likely to face social sanctions.
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After independence, Tajik was declared the sole state language, and until 2009, Russian was designated the "language for interethnic communication". The 2009 law stated that all official papers and education in the country should be conducted only in the Tajik language. However, the law also stated that all minority ethnic groups in the country have the right to choose the language in which they want their children to be educated.
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Notably, revolutionary sentiment did not affect the eastern lands of the Empire to any considerable extent, apart from isolated instances of agitation in Breslau and Königsberg. But interethnic discontent among Germans and minority Poles in the eastern extremities of Silesia, long suppressed in Wilhelmine Germany, would eventually lead to the Silesian Uprisings. By the time the revolution was over in 1918, all 21 German monarchs had been dethroned.
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The story reveals a negative side to interethnic interaction, as a counterpoint to "The Eskimo Connection," among others. A Day in Little Tokyo (1986)—In this story, a young Nisei girl grudgingly accompanies her father and brother to a sumo match, but is left in Little Tokyo, where she observes the comings and goings of the inhabitants. The story explores the generational gap between Issei parents and Nisei children.
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Two reasons are given for their migration: the migrants were composed of Tutsi trying to avoid the increasingly high taxes imposed by Mwami Rwabugiri of the Kingdom of Rwanda. Secondly, the group was fleeing the violent war of succession that erupted in 1895 after the death of Rwabugiri.Mamdani, 250 This group was mostly Tutsi and their Hutu abagaragu (clients), who had been icyihuture (turned Tutsi), which negated interethnic tension.
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It is very important for policy makers to monitor the level of perceived socio-economic threat from immigrants because negative attitudes towards immigrants make integration difficult and affect social capital. Varshney (2001) studied the correlation between the presence of interethnic networks (bridging) versus intra-ethnic ones (bonding) on ethnic violence in India. He argues that interethnic networks are agents of peace because they build bridges and manage tensions, by noting that if communities are organized only along intra-ethnic lines and the interconnections with other communities are very weak or even nonexistent, then ethnic violence is quite likely. Three main implications of intercommunal ties explain their worth: # Facilitate communication in the community across ethnic lines # Squelch false rumors # Help the administration carry out its job and in particular peace, security and justice This is a useful distinction; nevertheless its implication on social capital can only be accepted if one espouses the functionalist understanding of the latter concept.
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The Crimean peninsula is internationally recognized as territory of Ukraine, but since the 2014 annexation by the Russian Federation is de facto administered as part of the Russian Federation. According to Russian law, by the April 2014 constitution of the Republic of Crimea and the 2017 Crimean language law, the Crimean Tatar language is a state language in Crimea alongside Russian and Ukrainian, while Russian is the state language of the Russian Federation, the language of interethnic communication, and required in public postings in the conduct of elections and referendums. In Ukrainian law, according to the constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, as published in Russian by its Verkhovna Rada, Russian and Crimean Tatar languages enjoy a "protected" () status; every citizen is entitled, at his request (), to receive government documents, such as "passport, birth certificate and others" in Crimean Tatar; but Russian is the language of interethnic communication and to be used in public life. According to the constitution of Ukraine, Ukrainian is the state language.
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Staying with the Lenin's view, not state language was declared in the Soviet state. In 1990 the Russian language was declared as the official language of USSR and the constituent republics had rights to declare additional state languages within their jurisdictions. See Article 4 of the Law on Languages of Nations of USSR. and Russian was merely defined as the language of interethnic communication (), it assumed de facto the role of official language.
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On March 27, 2006, Koptsev was sentenced to 13 years in prison and mandatory psychiatric treatment after being found guilty of attempted murder. On April 4, 2006, Koptsev's lawyer, Vladimir Kirsanov, appealed to Russia's Supreme Court to have his client's sentence reduced, arguing he was mentally unstable, did not kill anyone, and did not cause any disabling injuries. Prosecution lawyers appealed to include the charge of inciting interethnic hatred, which was dropped by the court.
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Besides working in Cilicia, Van and other regions of Western Armenia, he was also active in the Caucasus where he worked to promote friendly interethnic relations.Paramaz, Groong Paramaz was one of the organizers of self-defense troops during the Armenian- Tatar massacres of 1905-06. In Tatar settlements, he tried to promote anti- Tsarist sentiment and the vision that Armenian and Tatars should live together peacefully. Paramaz's articles were published in different journals, including Hunchak.
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In Tajikistan, Russian is the language of interethnic communication under the Constitution of Tajikistan. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 90,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family or friends or at work. The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business.
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The story paints a humorous and affectionate portrait of interethnic friendship. My Father Can Beat Muhammad Ali (1986)—An Issei father tries to impress on his American sport-loving sons an interest in Japanese sports. The story reflects the generational gap between traditional-minded Japanese parents and their Americanized children. Underground Lady (1986)—Describes the encounter between a Japanese American woman and a white woman, who inadvertently reveals her own racial prejudices.
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Muslims continued to encounter societal discrimination and antagonism in some regions. After terrorists associated with Chechen, Ingush, and Islamic extremists seized a school in 2004 in Beslan, North Ossetia, interethnic and interreligious tensions resulting in discrimination persisted in the region without the authorities' intervention, according to NGOs. Muslims claimed that citizens in certain regions feared Muslims, citing cases such as a dispute in Kolomna, approximately southeast of Moscow, over the proposed construction of a mosque.
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Cebu is a 1991 novel by Filipino American author Peter Bacho the "most visible figure" of second-generation, native-born Filipino American writingOscar V. Compomanes, "Filipino American Literature," with N.V.M. Gonzalez, An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature, ed. King-Kok Cheung, Cambridge UP, 1997, 62-124. and one of several Seattle novelists in the 1990s to explore the racial history and sociology of Seattle.James Lyons, Selling Seattle: Representing Contemporary Urban America, Wallflower 2004.
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The Great Lakes region of Africa ended the year with a bloodbath. This documentary shows the intrigues, the dramatic effects, the treasons, the vengeances that prevailed over those years and whose only goal was to maintain or increase each faction's area of influence. In just ten years, the population saw all their hopes vanish: The dream of an Africa in control of its own destiny, alimentary self-sufficiency, the end of interethnic conflicts.
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Miller’s research interests are in the fields of interdisciplinary Japan studies and linguistic anthropology. She has done research on diverse topics, including divination, the kawaii aesthetic, conduct literature, youth fashion and the beauty industry, and historic figures such as Himiko and Abe no Seimei. Her linguistic anthropology research has included studies of Japanese youth slang, writing systems, gendered linguistic performances, folklinguistic theories, loanwords, and interethnic communication. Miller also produced some research on Russian language acquisition.
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Since interethnic marriages are widespread in Latin America, complex ethnic classifications emerged, including more than a dozen of "racial" categories created in 18th century Hispanic America, with notorious examples being castizo, morisco and cambujo. In Brazil, about 190 "racial" categories were detected by the Census of 1976. Blacks made up 25% of the population of Buenos Aires in 1810, 1822 and 1838. In 1887, the government decided to cease asking Argentine citizens about their race.
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Each year's program features works by Arab playwrights and troupes along with performances by music ensembles. Performance projects led by theatre professionals provide training for local Arab and Jewish teens, including immigrant youth. The Festival has been postponed and scaled down twice due to interethnic disturbances: during the October 2000 events of the Second Intifada, and in 2008 due to the Yom Kippur riots, after which the Festival was held during the Hanukkah holiday week.
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Following independence, the government adopted Kazakh as the country's official language. Russian was designated as the language of interethnic communication but not given official status. Over the course of the 1990s, the government mandated the instruction of Kazakh in schools and introduced Kazakh language fluency requirements for all public sector jobs. Many Russians objected to these measures and advocated for official bilingualism, which was denied.Peyrouse, "Nationhood and the Minority Question in Central Asia," 485.
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Kazakhstan is among the most multicultural countries in Eurasia, with sizeable populations of ethnic Kazakhs, Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Uighurs, Tatars, Germans and more. Kazakhstan is one of a few countries in post-Soviet territories that managed to avoid interethnic clashes and conflicts in the period of USSR’s final crisis and its eventual breakup. In 1995, Kazakhstan created the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, an advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities.
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Based on higher birth rates among Kurdish people, and using 2000 Census results, KONDA suggested that this figure rises to 15.7% when children are included, at the end of 2007. Since the immigration to the big cities in the west of Turkey, interethnic marriage has become more common. A 2013 study estimates that there are 2,708,000 marriages between Turks and Kurds/Zaza.Kurdish Life in Contemporary Turkey: Migration, Gender and Ethnic Identity, Anna Grabolle Celiker, p.
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English is the official language of Belize, a former British colony. It is the primary language of public education, government and most media outlets. The majority of Belizeans, regardless of ethnicity, speak an English-based creole called Belizean Creole (also referred to as Kriol) during most informal, social and interethnic dialogue. When a Creole language exists alongside its lexifier language, as in Belize, a creole continuum forms between the Creole and the lexifier language.
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In 1990, Akaba became a member of the presidium of the People's Forum Aidgylara. In January 1991, she became a founding member of the Democratic Party of Abkhazia, Abkhazia's first, but short-lived, post-Soviet political party. In 1991, Akaba was elected to the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia where she became Deputy Chairman of the committee for human rights and interethnic relations. From 1994 to 1995 Akaba was Minister for Information and Press.
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The interethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows marked language shift away from Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak Spanish as a first language.
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The Jahjaga Foundation (JF) is a non-governmental organization, founded by the Former President of Kosovo, Mrs. Atifete Jahjaga, in March 2018. The general goal of the Jahjaga Foundation is the democratic development of Kosovo and the Balkans, through social inclusion and support for marginalized groups, as a precondition for peacebuilding in the region. Three causes are at the heart of the Jahjaga Foundation, and they include: social inclusiveness, interethnic and regional reconciliation, and security.
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He was graduated from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Frankfurt Engineering University. After his graduation, he lived in Fresno, California. After the devastating 1988 Spitak earthquake, Kahkedjian arrived in Armenia for the first time, where he assisted the affected communities and helped raise funds from the diaspora. In the wake of the interethnic violence in Azerbaijan, Kahkedjian organized the "Crusaders" detachment and participated in the battles of Martuni, Hadrut, Martakert, Lachin and Kelbajar.
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"Interethnic Relations and Minorities in the Republic of Macedonia" . Southeast European Politics – Vol 2, N.1. May 2001 An ongoing religious dispute between the Serbian Orthodox Church and Macedonian Orthodox Church has existed since the Yugoslavian era, in which the Serbian Church does not recognize the Macedonian Church's self-proclaimed autocephalous status. The government of North Macedonia has at times taken action against Serbian Orthodox priests and Macedonian Orthodox priests seeking to reconcile with the Serbian church.
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Islamic law was being violated by the temporary marriages which particularly violated Sunni Islam. Valikhanov claimed that foreigners children in Turkistan were referred to by the name çalğurt. Turki women were bashed as of being negative character by a Kashgari Turki woman's Tibetan husband- racist views of each other's ethnicities between partners in interethnic marriages still persisted sometimes. It was mostly Turki women marrying foreign men with a few cases of the opposite occurring in this era.
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Aukhovites never abandoned attempts to return their former dwellings occupied by Avars and Laks. The resulting interethnic tension led to clashes, sometimes with tragic consequences. In 1964, Aukhovites made another attempt to return to their native homeland, acting in an organized manner and emphasizing the peaceful nature of their action. The leadership of the Soviet Dagestan was confused and declared these actions “riots”, although no repressive measures were taken against the participants in the events then.
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The Israeli Black Panthers adopted the name of the United States Black Panther Party along with groups in the United Kingdom, West Indies, West Africa, and South Asia. The groups were united by migrant identities and adopted grassroots strategies and interethnic solidarity in order to resist racist social structures. The name was suggested in Israel by one of the founders of the party, Sa'adia Marziano. There are two theories on how the group came to the name.
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The harsh situation caused by the earthquake and subsequent events made many residents of Armenia leave and settle in North America, Western Europe or Australia. On 20 February 1988, interethnic fighting between the ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijanis broke out shortly after the parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh, an autonomous oblast in Azerbaijan, voted to unify the region with Armenia. The Nagorno-Karabakh war pitted Armenians of Nagorno- Karabakh, backed by Armenia, against the Army of Azerbaijan.
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As plans for major cultural changes in Moldova were made public, tensions rose further. Ethnic minorities felt threatened by the prospects of removing Russian as the official language, which served as the medium of interethnic communication, and by the possible future reunification of Moldova and Romania, as well as the ethnocentric rhetoric of the Popular Front. The Yedinstvo (Unity) Movement, established by the Slavic population of Moldova, pressed for equal status to be given to both Russian and Moldovan.
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A similar effect is associated with the Trp19 allele, even though it has not been confirmed by a huge number of studies. Original studies have further described that the strongest effect of APOA5 polymorphisms on plasma TG levels is observed among Hispanics, with only minor effects detected among Africans. Among Asians, the effect on plasma TG levels is similar that found among Caucasians. Generally, studies have suggested significant interethnic differences and in some cases sex-dependent associations as well.
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Kudereev is a trustee of Murager football club. They play in the International Football League – Moscow Diaspora Cup. He is also an active member of the Society of Kazakh Culture and Language in Russia and supports educational programs for the development of the Kazakh language in the Russian Federation. Kudereev actively supports programs of the Islamic Cultural Center of Russia (ICCR) and works with social and religious organizations for the development of interethnic and intercultural dialogue.
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Indo-Fijians, however, generally refused to enlist, after their demand for equal treatment to Europeans was refused. They disbanded a platoon they had organized, and contributed nothing more than one officer and 70 enlisted men in a reserve transport section, on condition that they not be sent overseas. The refusal of Indo-Fijians to play an active role in the war efforts became part of the ideological construction employed by Fijian ethno-nationalists to justify interethnic tensions in the post-war years.
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Poles tend to be settled in multi-ethnic regions of Kazakhstan, where settlers and exiles of many other nationalities predominated and members of the titular Kazakh nationality were few. Interethnic marriages between Poles and members of other European ethnic groups were quite common; however, those with members of traditionally Muslim ethnic groups were much rarer. An anthropological study conducted in 1993 found that Poles generally viewed the Kazakhs as lazy but friendly, and generally stated that inter- ethnic relations were good.
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Most inhabitants of Ternate are Muslim. The indigenous inhabitants of Ternate speak the Ternate language, which is a non-Austronesian language, belonging to the North Halmahera branch of the West Papuan languages. Ternatean should be distinguished from Ternate Malay, which is a Malay-based creole, serving as the local lingua franca. Many inhabitants of Ternate use Ternatean as their first language and employ Ternate Malay as a means of interethnic or trade communication, although the usage of traditional Ternate is declining.
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Fluency in the Russian language is characteristic of virtually all of those in the first group (moreover, 24% of Azeris from this group reported it as their first language), while almost one-third of those in the second group speak very limited Russian. About half of Azeri newcomers are engaged in commerce and service sector, compared to the native and earlier immigrant Azeris who tend to pursue careers in sciences, health care, education and the arts. Yurik Harutyunyan. Interethnic Integration in Greater Moscow.
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Under the current Lebanese nationality law, diaspora Lebanese do not have an automatic right to return to Lebanon. Varying degrees of assimilation and a high degree of interethnic marriages in the Lebanese diaspora communities, regardless of religious affiliation caused most diaspora Lebanese not to have passed Arabic to their children although they still maintain a Lebanese ethnic identity. The largest diaspora by far resides in Brazil, with between 2 and 5 million, followed by Argentina and Colombia, with about a million each.
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The majority of the 1,500,000 Lebanese Argentines are Christians, with Muslims and Jews being a small minority in comparison to them. The interethnic marriage in the Lebanese community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Lebanese community in Argentina shows marked language shift away from Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words.
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Team K (TK, until november 2019 Team Köllensperger) is a regionalist and liberal political party active in South Tyrol, where it seeks to be an interethnic centrist party. TK also advocates direct democracy, social liberalism and environmentalist policies. The party, which is close to NEOS, a liberal party in Austria, is an observer member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and, more recently, has formed a pact with More Europe for the 2019 European Parliament election.
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The Big Sick is a 2017 American romantic comedy film directed by Michael Showalter and written by Emily V. Gordon and Kumail Nanjiani. It stars Kumail Nanjiani, Zoe Kazan, Holly Hunter, Ray Romano, Adeel Akhtar, and Anupam Kher. Loosely based on the real-life romance between Nanjiani and Gordon, it follows an interethnic couple who must deal with cultural differences after Emily (Kazan) becomes ill. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2017.
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However, after independence, this cultural role declined. Singapore is an observer to the Language Council for Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia which works to standardise Malay spelling, however it has not applied to be a member. It nonetheless applies standardisations agreed to in this forum, and following the Malaysian standard when there are disagreements. Other varieties that are still spoken in Singapore include Bazaar Malay (Melayu Pasar), a Malay- lexified pidgin, which was once an interethnic lingua franca when Singapore was under British rule.
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Interethnic conflict generally escalated during the 1990s. In February 1990, antigovernment activists detonated a remote-control bomb on a bridge near Phuntsholing and set fire to a seven- vehicle convoy. In September 1990, clashes occurred with the Royal Bhutan Army, which was ordered not to fire on protesters. The men and women marchers were organized by S.K. Neupane and other members of the illegal Bhutan Peoples' Party, which reportedly urged the marchers to demand democracy and human rights for all Bhutanese citizens.
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Map depicting Persian speakers in Uzbekistan Although the Russian language is not formally declared an official language in the country, it is widely used in all fields, including official documents. It, along with Uzbek, are the permissible languages of notary institutions and registry offices. Thus, the Russian language is the de facto second official language in Uzbekistan. Russian is an important language for interethnic communication, especially in the cities, including much day-to-day technical, scientific, governmental and business use.
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Samachablo () is a Georgian historical district in Shida Kartli, Georgia, which lies entirely within the disputed South Ossetia Region. The name Samachablo (literally, "of Machabeli") derives from the Georgian aristocratic family of Machabeli who once held possession of the area. With the rise of Georgian-Ossetian interethnic tensions in the late 1980s, the name was revived by the Georgians and has sometimes been semi-officially used since then.Potier, Tim (2001), Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal, p. 139.
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As compared to other Micronesian islands, most Marshallese adopted Japanese customs within the first few years of the Japanese administration. An Australian journalist travelling on a Burns Philp steamer noted that the most Marshallese women wore the kimono instead of the traditional loincloth (lavalava in Marshallese) in October 1918.Hiery (1995), p. 138 Interethnic relations between the Japanese settlers and civil servants with the Marshallese were friendly, but racial segregation was enforced between Japanese and Micronesians in the workforce and educational sectors.
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Cambridge University Press. 2011. p. 35. Borovets tried to negotiate with Polish leaders, but did not succeed - the Poles agreed to recognize an independent Ukraine only within the borders of 1939, and for Western Ukraine they promised only autonomy. In the spring of 1943 skirmishes between Ukrainians and Poles began, and often the murders were the results of conflicts between the neighbors. Borovets was unable to stop interethnic conflict and a third front, the Polish one, was opened for the UPA.
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Most will thus speak Bemba and Nyanja in the Copperbelt; Nyanja is dominantly spoken in Lusaka and Eastern Zambia. English is used in official communications and is the language of choice at home among – now common – interethnic families. This evolution of languages has led to Zambian slang heard throughout Lusaka and other major cities. The majority of Zambians usually speak more than one language, the official language, English, and the most spoken language in the town or area they live in.
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In 1975, Carter started a small Los Angeles corporation, Meta/4 Productions, Inc. for which he produced and directed industrial and educational presentations on film and videotape for the federal government. Carter is president of Council for Positive Images, Inc., a non-profit organization he formed in 1979, dedicated to enhancing intercultural and interethnic understanding through audiovisual communication. Under the Council’s auspices, Carter has produced and directed award-winning dramatic and documentary programs for presentation on PBS and distribution worldwide.
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President Wahid's government continued to pursue democratisation and to encourage renewed economic growth under challenging conditions. In addition to continuing economic malaise, his government faced regional, interethnic, and interreligious conflict, particularly in Aceh, the Maluku Islands, and Irian Jaya. In West Timor, the problems of displaced East Timorese and violence by pro-Indonesian East Timorese militias caused considerable humanitarian and social problems. An increasingly assertive Parliament frequently challenged President Wahid's policies and prerogatives, contributing to a lively and sometimes rancorous national political debate.
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The Guinean government's Secretariat of Religious Affairs aims to promote better relations among religious denominations and ameliorate interethnic tensions. The secretary general of religious affairs appoints six national directors to lead the offices of Christian affairs, Islamic affairs, pilgrimages, places of worship, economic affairs and the endowment, and general inspector. Private Muslim and Christian schools are prevalent, and some Muslim schools receive funding from the local government.International Religious Freedom Report for 2017 Guinea, US Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
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The historic monuments, as well as the pristine lake environment make the area around Lake Ohrid a prime site for tourism. In the 1980s, more than 200,000 national and international tourists went on a pilgrimage to the Macedonian lake side every year. During the Yugoslav crisis and particularly after the interethnic conflicts within North Macedonia in 2001 international tourism collapsed but has been slowly recovering. Even though many visitors are staying for a weekend only, tourism makes an important share of local economy (~1 visitor/inhabitant).
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Gulnara Tasimovna Bekirova (; born 21 February 1968) is a Crimean Tatar historian, writer, and member of PEN International. In her work as a historian she was a consultant in the creation of the movie "Haytarma". As a writer, she has produced numerous papers and books about interethnic relations of deported Crimean Tatars and their fate under Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian governance. She has criticized Russian textbooks for depicting Crimean Tatars as inferior and supporting in xenophobic steryotypes of Crimean Tatars from the Soviet era.
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These results from a student population at Kazan Federal University sample the attitudes that are held at the level of the education system and at a household-level in terms of respect for difference in an ethnoreligious sense. While the younger population does show elements of slippage towards ethnic nationalism for example in social media circles, generally it is found that this population—which is engaged in building the current intellectual discourse around the city—hold a positive or ambivalent view of interethnic relations.
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The latter pursued a policy of ethnic homogenisation expelling large Muslim population groups."; p. 467. "Clewing (as well as Müller) sees the expulsions of 1877 – 1878 as a crucial reason for the culmination of the interethnic relations in Kosovo and 1878 as the epoch year in the Albanian-Serbian conflict history." "For Serbia the war of 1878, where the Serbians fought side by side with Russian and Romanian troops against the Ottoman Empire, and the Berlin Congress were of central importance, as in the Romanian case.
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Italian and especially Croatian influence diminished the knowledge of these songs, being mostly maintained by the elderly during the beginning of the 20th century. In addition, songs with some Croatian influences gradually began to circulate in the villages. Today, some young Istro-Romanians have some distrust or even fear of giving voice to those songs. In the Istro-Romanian language, as in other ones, the song is related to social realities, whereby the main subjects dealt with work in the field, love, warfare and interethnic relations.
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In Moldova, Russian is considered to be the language of interethnic communication under a Soviet-era law. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 450,000 native speakers of Russian in the country and 1.9 million active speakers. 50% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 19% used it as the main language with family or friends or at work. Russian is the language usually spoken by 16% of Moldovans, according to a 2004 estimate of the World Factbook.
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Nowadays, Russian is provided with the status of a "language of interethnic communication", and since Soviet times remains widely used on many levels of the society and the state. According to the above-mentioned National Political Conception, Russian- Moldovan bilingualism is characteristic for Moldova. "Concepția politicii naționale a Republicii Moldova" Moldovan Parliament: Limba rusă care, în conformitate cu legislația în vigoare, are statutul de limbă de comunicare interetnică se aplică și ea în diverse domenii ale vieții statului și societății. Pentru Moldova este characteristic bilingvismul moldo-rus.
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Under the current Lebanese nationality law, diaspora Lebanese do not have an automatic right of return to Lebanon. Varying degrees of assimilation and high degree of interethnic marriages cause most diaspora Lebanese not to have passed on Arabic to their children , but they still maintain a Lebanese ethnic identity. The Lebanese Civil War has further fed the higher Christian emigration rate. Higher Muslim birthrates, the presence of Palestinians in Lebanon and Syrian migrant workers have contributed to reducing the Christian proportion of the Lebanese population.
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Over the course of the story, we learn that the daughter has married an American man and feels disconnected from her father. The story ends with a sudden revelation that is symbolic of the communication gap between generations: the woman discovers that her father has difficulty hearing. Epithalamium (1960)—A Japanese-American bride reminisces about her turbulent relationship with her new husband, an Italian American alcoholic whom she met at a Christian community. The story explores the hopes and disappointments of romance, in particular interethnic romance.
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There are official holy days for each major religion in the country: Hari Raya Haji and Hari Raya Puasa for Muslims, Christmas and Good Friday for Christians, Deepavali for Hindus, and Vesak Day for Buddhists. The Government promotes interfaith understanding indirectly by sponsoring activities to promote interethnic harmony. Because the primary ethnic minorities are predominantly of one faith each, government programs to promote ethnic harmony have implications for interfaith relations. In February 2006, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong unveiled the Community Engagement Programme (CEP).
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Moldavians were encouraged to adopt the Russian language, which was required for any leadership job (Russian was intended to be the language of interethnic communication in the Soviet Union). In the early years, political and academic positions were given to members of non-Moldavian ethnic groups (only 14% of the Moldavian SSR's political leaders were ethnic Moldavians in 1946), although this gradually changed as time went on. Literary critics stressed the Russian influence on Moldavian literature and ignored the parts shared with Romanian literature.
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While at NPI he also worked with interethnic conflicts in the Rift Valley of Kenya, and facilitating dialogue in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1998 Bombande cofounded, with Sam Doe, the West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP). Focusing on collaborative approaches to conflict prevention during the civil wars taking place in West Africa. The organization works with several regional partners such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Union's Economic, Social, and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC).
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Sango tribe members, 1906 A variety of Sango was used as a lingua franca along the Ubangi River before French colonization, in the late 1800s. The French army recruited Central Africans, causing them to increasingly use Sango as a means of interethnic communication. Throughout the 20th century, missionaries promoted Sango because of its wide usage. Originally used by river traders, Sango arose as a lingua franca based on the Northern Ngbandi dialect of the Sango tribe, part of the Ngbandi language cluster, with some French influence.
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Retrieved 1 August 2008. Interethnic fighting also spread throughout cities in Azerbaijan, including, in December 1988, in Kirovabad and Nakhichevan, where seven people (among them four soldiers) were killed and hundreds injured when Soviet army units attempted once more to stop attacks directed at Armenians. Estimates differ on how many people were killed during the first two years of the conflict. The Azerbaijani government alleges that 216 Azerbaijanis were killed in Armenia, while the researcher Arif Yunusov gives 127 to those killed in 1988 alone.
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Lebanese Mexicans refers to Mexican citizens of Lebanese origin. Although Lebanese Mexicans made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity. Lebanese influence in Mexican culture can be seen most particularly in Mexican cuisine, where they have introduced many foods and dishes and created their own recipes such as al pastor. Interethnic marriage in the Lebanese community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most have only one parent with Lebanese ethnicity.
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In response to the murder, the Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Rainforest (AIDESEP) claimed the police and the judiciary had done absolute nothing to protect the men, despite repeated complaints and reports of death threats against them. AIDESEP also called on the Peruvian government to do more to protect indigenous people from criminal organizations. On January 30, 2015, the regional government of Ucayali and the government of Peru granted the land title to the Saweto community confirming their ownership of the land.
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He headed the Scientific Commission of the Education Ministry of the Russian Federation for the philological sciences, and is a member of Presidium of AN RT. Zakiev created scientific schools in the fields of language, interethnic and interlingual contacts, bilinguality and multilinguality. Zakiev prepared thirty Ph.D.s and Doctors of Science. Twelve of his pupils became Doctors of Science and professors. Under his guidance the Department of Linguistics in the IJALI created the three-volume Academic Grammar of the Tatar Language, a multivolume Tatar Lexicology.
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Bhavani Arabandi states in his article on polyethnicity that: > Asians and Latinos have much higher rates of interethnic marriages than do > blacks, and they are more likely to report polyethnicity than blacks who > more often claim a single ethnicity and racial identity. This is the case, > the authors [Lee, J & Bean, F.D] argue, because blacks have a "legacy of > slavery," a history of discrimination, and have been victimized by the "one > drop rule" (where having any black blood automatically labeled one as black) > in the US.
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Toh Swee-Hin (1997) observes that each of the various streams of peace education "inevitably have their own dynamics and 'autonomy' in terms of theory and practice". "Salomon (2002) has described how the challenges, goals, and methods of peace education differ substantially between areas characterized by intractable conflict, interethnic tension, or relative tranquility".Salomon, G. (2002). "The Nature of Peace Education: Not All Programs Are Created Equal" in G. Salomon and B. Nevo (eds.) Peace education: The concept, principles and practices in the world.
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These fields include anthropology, cultural studies, psychology and communication. The field has also moved both toward the treatment of interethnic relations, and toward the study of communication strategies used by co-cultural populations, i.e., communication strategies used to deal with majority or mainstream populations. The study of languages other than one's own can serve not only to help one understand what we as humans have in common, but also to assist in the understanding of the diversity which underlines our languages' methods of constructing and organizing knowledge.
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In the empire the family most often worked among minorities (Slovaks in Alsókubin; Romanians and Germans in Lugos). So the young Szathmari was struck early with the problem of interethnic communication (some Slovaks, for example, laughed at him, when he didn't understand them at the border of a stream). He then felt himself already an Esperantist in spirit, since he began wishing for a language that would bind the ethnic groups together. In a bookshop in Lugos he espied an Esperanto grammar and bought it.
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The Wayana are considered to be an amalgamation of several smaller ethnic groups, having subsumed the Upurui, Kukuyana, Opagwana, and Kumarawana, among others. They have extremely close ties with the Aparai, with whom they have lived and intermarried for at least 100 years in Brazil, though both the Aparai and Wayana consider themselves separate ethnic groups, differentiating themselves linguistically and through cultural practices. There are few Aparai in Wayana territory outside of Brazil. This unique situation is a result of European contact and interethnic conflict in the past four centuries.
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She speaks Spanish, Italian and English. As a feminist activist she has a lot of experience, from organizing street actions to working with refugees, women, etc. She also initiated several women's network, like Women’s Peace Network,The International Network of Women’s Solidarity against War/International Women in Black Network, Network of Conscientious Objectors and Anti militarism in Serbia, The Coalition for a Secular State, etc. She organized a lot of educational activities focusing on women’s human rights, women’s peace politics, interethnic and intercultural solidarity, women and power, and women and antimilitarism.
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The peace agreement was celebrated in 1996 in Timbuktu during an official and highly publicized ceremony called "Flamme de la Paix"--(peace flame). Historically, interethnic relations throughout the rest of the country were facilitated by easy mobility on the Niger River and across the country's vast savannahs. Each ethnic group was traditionally tied to a specific occupation, all working within proximity to each other, although the distinctions were often blurred. The Bambara, Malinké, Sarakole, Dogon and Songhay are farmers; the Fula or Fulani, Maur, and Tuareg are herders, while the Bozo are fishers.
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The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and re- established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system. After December 1989, in the conditions of return to a democratic political regime and Euro-Atlantic integration, Sălaj has become a model of interethnic cohabitation, also manifested in education. Politically, was remarked the activity of Corneliu Coposu, former personal secretary of Iuliu Maniu. His name links to the clotting of the Romanian Democratic Convention that succeeded the first democratic alternation in power in post-revolutionary Romania.
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Kazan's interfaith relations have attracted considerable attention given current global breakdowns towards interethnic and political strife. Hillary Clinton's October 2009 visit to Kazan also indicated the US Department of State's recognition of Kazan as a case study of productive interfaith relations. U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visits Tatarstan in 2009 Bearing in mind many of its geographic and historical factors, dominant social science theory might anticipate greater levels of conflict. Examples of cities in a similar geographic and historic position often exhibit characteristics traditionally associated with division.
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Independent Kazakhstan Gallery The exhibition on the 4th floor is devoted to religion, Islam and Orthodoxy. The main goal of the exhibition is to show the role of President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the formation of integrity and unity of multinational and interethnic people of the independent, sovereign, democratic state of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The exhibition consist of 100 exhibits from the funds of the Museum. The unique books in the Arabian language, Koran, rare icons and originals of icon with foldable side flaps, a censer and candlesticks are of great interest.
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According to the Jewish Week, Almontaser invited hundreds of Jews and Christians to her own home after the 9/11 attack. She had joined organizations to form social action groups, such as We Are All Brooklyn, an interethnic initiative supported by the Jewish Community Relations Council, to combat hate crimes in Brooklyn. She trained with the Anti-Defamation League's anti-bias program, "A World of Difference", as a facilitator for diversity training and inter-group dynamics in the public schools. Almontaser has conducted sensitivity training and presentations in Churches, Synagogues and other houses of worship.
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At the public launch of the party in April, Ganilau declared uniting the people of Fiji to be the most urgent priority. "We are here today, not so much as to launch a political party but more so and more importantly we are here today to project a vision that will inspire hope," Ganilau said. He condemned the promotion of communal interests and policies which, he said, denied the nation's advancement. In addition to promoting interethnic cooperation and national unity, the party would strongly emphasize economic development, Ganilau said.
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The Tandroy are a traditionally nomadic ethnic group of Madagascar inhabiting the arid southern part of the island called Androy. The harshness of the environment they inhabit has historically served to largely isolate and protect them from attack by other Malagasy ethnic groups; the French also struggled to exert authority over the Antandroy after colonization. After national independence from France in 1960, the Tandroy (as well as the Merina) became the most common practitioners of interethnic marriage, in large part to the frequent migration of Tandroy men in search of economic opportunity.
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Independent Cultural Journal "Ї" is published in paper and electronic form. The Journal has long ago transformed into an influential NGO and a think tank. The main issues, which the NGO Independent Cultural Journal "Ї" is working upon, are the issues of civil society, human rights, interethnic relations, cross-border cooperation, multiculturalism, European integration, regionalism, globalisation and anti-globalist movements, ecumenical dialogue, political changes in the region. As a leader of NGO Independent Cultural Journal "Ї" Taras Voznyak organises and holds numerous international, national and local conferences, meetings, round table discussion, and other events.
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1989; p. 89-130 In the sixteenth century, it became widespread in the Samur Valley and by the nineteenth century, the Azeri language spread across all of the foothill and lowland regions of Dagestan, and was one of the languages of trade and interethnic communication, along with Kumyk and Avar. Historically the peoples of Southern Dagestan were oriented toward the cultural and behavioural norms of Azerbaijan, as well as depended on its economy. In the course of history, they found themselves almost fully immersed in the Azeri linguistic and cultural milieu.
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Interethnic conflict brought Qing intervention back after 20 years. The result was the Qing forces being forced to fight a protracted war of attrition costing the Imperial Treasury several times the amounts expended on the earlier conquests of the Dzungars and Xinjiang. The resisting tribes retreated to their stone towers and forts in steep mountains and could only be dislodged by cannon fire. The Qing generals were ruthless in annihilating the local Tibetans, then reorganised the region in a military prefecture and repopulated it with more cooperative inhabitants.
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The European Jewish Fund (EJF) is an international non-governmental organisation that coordinates and supports programmes and events aimed at improving interreligious and interethnic relations, reinforcing Jewish identity, counteracting assimilation, promoting tolerance and reconciliation in Europe, fighting against xenophobia, extremism and antisemitism, and preserving the memory of the Holocaust. The EJF was established in 2006 on the initiative of Viatcheslav Moshe Kantor, who is President of the European Jewish Congress and EJF Chairman. Ariella Woitchik is EJF Secretary General. The Fund's governing body is Advisory Council, which consists of representatives from European Jewish communities.
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The second kind Bulgarian identity was the more concrete and strong and promoted by the authorities in Sofia among the Bulgarian population. Per Julian Allan Brooks' thesis there were some indications to suggest the existence of inchoate Macedonian national identity then, however the evidence is rather fleeting. For more see: Paul Robert Magocsi, Carpathian Rus': Interethnic Coexistence without Violence, p. 453, in Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands with editors, Omer Bartov, Eric D. Weitz, Indiana University Press, 2013, , pp. 449-462.
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Miller is a Californio, a descendant of the founding settlers and escort soldiers of the Pueblo de Los Angeles (present day Los Angeles, California) in 1781. She graduated from the University of California, Santa Barbara with a double major in Asian studies and anthropology in 1977, and completed a master of arts degree in anthropology from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1983 on the topic of aizuchi Japanese listening behavior. Her 1988 UCLA doctorate in anthropology was a linguistic anthropology study of interethnic communication among co-workers in Japan.
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They are not shamans (wu), with the exception of the order of Mount Lu in Jiangxi. Rather, they represent an intermediate level between the wu and the Taoists. Like the wu, the fashi identify with their deity, but while the wu embody wild forces, vernacular ritual masters represent order like the Taoists. Unlike the Taoists, who represent a tradition of high theology which is interethnic, both vernacular ritual masters and wu find their institutional base in local cults to particular deities, even though vernacular ritual masters are itinerant.
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About half of Belizeans regardless of ethnicity speak a mostly English-based creole called Belize Creole (or Kriol in Belize Creole). Although English is widely used, Kriol is spoken in all situations whether informal, formal, social or interethnic dialogue, even in meetings of the House of Representatives. When a Creole language exists alongside its lexifier language, as is the case in Belize, a continuum forms between the Creole and the lexifier language. It is therefore difficult to substantiate or differentiate the number of Belize Creole speakers compared to English speakers.
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The party was founded with the aim of consolidating the civil will of the citizens of Kazakhstan by strengthening legal statehood, strengthening interethnic harmony and political stability in every possible way, and instilling true feelings of patriotism in Kazakhs. The party considered its main task to be the construction of a legal democratic social state in Kazakhstan, the creation of an effective, advanced and developed economic system, the formation of a civil society. The Adilet has constantly positioned itself as a party of the middle class and pro-business.
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Radio Television of Vojvodina broadcasts program in ten local languages. The project by the Government of AP Vojvodina titled "Promotion of Multiculturalism and Tolerance in Vojvodina", whose primary goal is to foster the cultural diversity and develop the atmosphere of interethnic tolerance among the citizens of Vojvodina, has been successfully implemented since 2005. Serbia is continually working on improving its relationship and inclusion of minorities in its effort to gain full accession to the European Union. Serbia has initiated talks through Stabilisation and Association Agreement on 7 November 2007.
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World War II lead to interethnic clashes, though the three groups were evenly split between various factions and did not rally universally along the ethnic lines. After World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. Map of Yugoslavia before 1991 After the death of its leader Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslavia experienced a dysfunctional political system and economic calamity in the 1980s. As communism was losing its potency, new nationalist leaders Slobodan Milošević in Serbia and Franjo Tuđman in Croatia came to power.
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S.A. Tatunts wrote more than 50 scientific works in the field of sociology, political science and conflict studies, published in Russia, Germany and Italy. The regional focus of her research lies on the C.I.S. countries as well as Central and Western Europe. Her particular scientific interests are in interethnic relations, ethnic minorities, tolerance and xenophobia, ethnic migration processes in the modern world, the integration of immigrants in Eastern and Western European countries. She also works on ethnic conflict and diaspora as а factor of modern foreign policy and political conflict resolution in C.I.S. countries.
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The conservatives also tended to emphasize the political differences between Koreans and other minorities, specifically Blacks and Hispanics.Edward J.W. Park, "Competing visions: Political formation of Korean Americans in Los Angeles, 1992-1997" Amerasia Journal, 1998, Vol. 24 Issue 1, pp 41-57Nancy Abelmann and John Lie, Blue dreams: Korean Americans and the Los Angeles riots (1997) Despite this divide within the Korean American community, the 1992 riots also inspired further efforts to build coalitions rooted in intersectionality. The 1992 Koreatown Peace Rally was a record-setting demonstration with over 30,000 attendees representing intergenerational and interethnic solidarity.
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Nansen Dialogue Centre Skopje is an NGO based in Skopje Macedonia which was founded in 2000. It won the 2011 Max van der Stoel Award from the Netherlands and OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities.Nansen Dialogue Centre Skopje to receive 2011 Max van der Stoel Award Its mission is to support intercultural and interethnic dialogue processes with the aim of contributing to conflict prevention, reconciliation and peace building through program activities, in particular in education. Nansen Dialogue Center Skopje is a local non-governmental and non-profit organization, established in 2000 supported by the Nansen Academy from Lillehammer, Norway.
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The Foundation for Tolerance International is a Kyrgyz non-governmental organization (NGO) founded in 1998 to prevent conflict and build peace and justice in Central Asia. It has operated for nine years in a fluid and changing context, but it has remained focused on its original goals of conflict prevention on a range of vertical and horizontal conflicts. FTI’s work is focused on two main directions: 1\. The prevention and non-violent resolution of interethnic conflicts in the Ferghana Valley – a multiethnic region that stands at the crossroads of the three Central Asian states of Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.
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In addition, interethnic marriage became more common both for those who abandoned their hometowns and those who decided to stay. Regular and universal education and media in Croatian commenced to spread, and the Istro-Romanian language lost value. Barely 8 years after the Second World War, the villages had already lost more than a quarter of their population. Some Istro-Romanians also began to leave Istria completely and emigrate to other countries such as Australia, the United States, Canada, France and Italy (especially Trieste), a sizeable amount estimated to be composed by 500 people since 1945.
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There are several stages of ethnic conflict, all of which have been present in the years following the collapse of the Soviet Union. These include claims presented in the form of declarations, introduction to and support of these claims by the masses, conflict not resulting in casualties, conflicts involving casualties, and interethnic wars. Of the total number of recorded ethnic conflicts, 40% remain in one of the first two stages, while 15% have reached the third or fourth stage. Conflicts such as the Armenia–Azerbaijan, Georgia–Ossetia, Georgia–Abkhazia, Ossetia–Ingush, and Moldova–Transnistria conflicts have escalated to final stage, involving warfare.
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He valued interethnic harmony, as evidenced by his Sinhala filmography, and later the organization of the first festival of Sinhala films at the Shanthi cinema in Jaffna. In 1960 he married an ethnic Sinhalese, Rita Fernando, from Ja-Ela whom he had met during his law college days. This was also unusual for that period (such unions are still a rarity in Sri Lanka even in the new millennium). At the professional level, Robin took lessons in the Sinhala language in order to communicate with his associates and employees, his trilingualism becoming an asset in his career.
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Organizations applying for registration must have at least 10 members who are adult citizens and must submit an application form, organizational charter, minutes of an institutional meeting, and a list of founding members to SARA for review. SARA then provides a recommendation to the MOJ for approval or rejection of the registration application. Recommendation for rejection occurs when a religious organization does not comply with the law or is a threat to national security, social stability, interethnic and interdenominational harmony, public order, health, or morality. An applicant whose registration is denied may reapply and may appeal to the courts.
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With the cooperation of the ROC, satellite receivers were installed in dozens of prisons to allow broadcasting of programming that was broadly Protestant but tried to reach across denominations. The prison broadcasting program's stated goal was to provide inmates with an alternative to mainstream television. ROC Patriarch Aleksiy II and spiritual leaders of Russian Muslims held an interfaith appeal for peace and joint efforts to counter ethnic and religious strife, following interethnic violence in the city of Kondopoga. Despite the problems the Jehovah's Witnesses faced, church leaders said that their community grew by 3 percent (to 140,000) in the last year.
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Europeans of non-British stock have been more common, also, in British Columbia than in any other part of Canada, although certain ethnicities such as Ukrainians and Scandinavians are more concentrated in the Prairies. Except for the Italians and more recent European immigrants, earlier waves of Europeans of all origins are near-entirely assimilated, although any number of accents are common in families and communities nearly anywhere in the province, as has also been the case since colonial times. Interethnic and interracial marriages and were also more common in British Columbia than in other provinces since colonial times .
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His poetry often touches on the subjects of violence, revolutionary morality, sexuality and its interethnic sociological problems. His worldview was extremely unsentimental, and earned him much invective from detractors from all sides who saw his poetry as vindictive toward both his Jewish origins and the host Russian culture. In his book Russian Poet/Soviet Jew: The Legacy of Eduard Bagritskii (2000), Maxim D. Shrayer investigated the path of this major Jewish poet writing in the Russian language and examined Bagritsky's contested legacy. The book included English translations of Bagrtisky's works, among them his long poem February (1933–34).
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Source: U.S. Library of Congress The population of ethnic Russians in Tajikistan is rapidly declining due to low fertility rates and emigration. Most ethnic Russians reside in the capital city of Dushanbe. Regardless of this situation, Russian is provided with the status of a co-official language with Tajik and a status of a "language of interethnic communication", and since Soviet times remains widely used on many levels of the society and the state. Both Russian and Tajik are Indo-European languages, the former is a Slavic language & the latter belongs to Indo-Iranian language family.
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Due to the lack of a dominant position, many Hungarians have leaned to a far-right ideology, which according to the journalists Tamás Kiss and Tibor Toró, hinders the possibility of Romanian Hungarians to make a credible and honest speech on their minority rights. According to the journalist Răzvan Bibire, the incident also presents an opportunity to start discussing at a national level the overexploitation suffered by many employees and the difficulties they have in defending their labor rights. It is unknown how possible future cases of this type will be treated. There is a possibility that media may try to strengthen interethnic borders or attempt to subordinate political objectives.
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Japanese management practises in Malaysia in the 1980s and 1990s show a different pattern of interethnic relations. Some authors suggest that the Japanese show favouritism in promotion towards Malaysian Chinese over bumiputera, due to their closer cultural background. Despite efforts to localise the management of JVs, most managers continue to be expatriates. One author, however, noted a repeating pattern in several companies she studied: there would be a single high-up local manager, an ethnic Chinese man who attended university in Japan and married a Japanese woman; however, the Japanese wives of other expatriates tend to look down on such women, and there is little social contact between them.
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After the by-election, Leung decided to participate in the 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election. At that time, Leung and Ray Wong were invited to join InterEthnic InterFaith Leadership Conference in Dharamshala, India, organized by 14th Dalai Lama. Leung and Dalai Lama held a meeting at Jokhang for two hours, the latter encourage Hong Kong people to presevere. In July 2016, Electoral Affairs Commission released new election measures, directed against activists with Hong Kong Independence stance, requiring all candidates to sign declarations to confirm their support to Basic Law, and Hong Kong is an inseparable part of China as stated in the Basic Law.
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In the present day, the word miscegenation is avoided by many scholars, because the term suggests that race is a concrete biological phenomenon, rather than a categorization imposed on certain relationships. The term's historical use in contexts that typically implied disapproval is also a reason why more unambiguously neutral terms such as interracial, interethnic or cross-cultural are more common in contemporary usage. The term remains in use among scholars when referring to past practices concerning multiraciality, such as anti-miscegenation laws that banned interracial marriages. In Spanish, Portuguese, and French, the words used to describe the mixing of races are mestizaje, mestiçagem and métissage.
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In 2012, the number of American mestizos is estimated to be 52,000. Most speak English, Tagalog and/or other Philippine languages. The majority are to be found in Angeles, which has the largest proportion of Amerasians in the Philippines. Amerasians born in the Philippines have also intermarried with other Amerasian and Filipino natives creating a large number of Amerasian people with less than 50% Amerasian heritages.Mixed Marriage...Interreligious, Interracial, Interethnic By Dr. Robert H. Schram A 2012 paper by an Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines Amerasian college research study unit suggests that the number of military origin, biracial Filipino Amerasians probably lie between 200,000 and 250,000, and possibly substantially more.
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Territorial disputes remain significant points of controversy as minority groups consistently oppose election outcomes and seek autonomy and self-determination. In addition to territorial disputes and other structural causes of conflict, legacies from the Soviet and pre-Soviet eras, along with the suddenness of the actual sociopolitical change, have resulted in conflict throughout the region. As each group experiences dramatic economic reform and political democratization, there has been a surge in nationalism and interethnic conflict. Overall, the fifteen independent states that emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union face problems stemming from uncertain identities, contested boundaries, apprehensive minorities, and an overbearing Russian hegemony.
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Vignon-Vullierme parents are both from Benin, her father is a journalist, and her mother is an accountant in Seine- et-Marne. Vignon-Vullierme graduated high school at Lycée Louis-Armand in France and then decided to pursue her information and communication studies at Moncton University in New Brunswick, Canada, where she graduated in Information Communication (ICOM) and met her future husband and business partner Olivier Vullierme. Vignon Vullierme then obtained a certificate in immigration and interethnic relations at the Québec University in Montréal. During this time, she was a daily columnist for a Montreal radio and weekly host of an African web-radio, broadcasting from Montreal.
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Varying degrees of assimilation and the high degree of interethnic marriages caused most diaspora Syrians have not passed on Arabic to their children, but they still mainta a Syrian ethnic identity. The eruption of the Syrian Civil War in 2011 caused Christians to be targeted by militant Islamists and so they have become a major component of Syrian refugees. In FY 2016, when the US dramatically increased the number of refugees admitted from Syria, the US let in 12,587 refugees from Syria, with 99% being Muslims (few Shia Muslims were admitted). Less than 1% were Christian, according to the Pew Research Center analysis of the State Department Refugee Processing Center data.
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Some people suspected by local police of Islamic extremism allegedly were subjected to torture and ill- treatment. According to human rights groups, a Supreme Court decision to ban 15 Muslim groups for alleged ties to international terrorism made it easier for officials to arbitrarily detain Muslims for alleged connections to these groups. On 24 May, 2007, during an interethnic brawl in Stavropol between hundreds of Russian and Chechen youths, Gelani Ayatev was badly beaten and soon after died of his injuries. Zaurbek Akhmadov, an eyewitness, said that riot troops and local police cheered on skinheads as they physically assaulted Ayatev, who had been handcuffed.
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UKROP () short for the Ukrainian Association of Patriots (Українське об'єднання патріотів) is a Ukrainian nationalistDemocracy and Disorientation: Ukraine Votes in Local Elections by Balázs Jarábik, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (23 October 2015 ) right wingXenophobia, radicalism and hate crime in Europe 2015 European Tolerance Center, European Center for Democracy, Institute for Ethnic Policy and Interethnic Relations Studies. political party founded on 18 June 2015.Ukrop political party launched by oligarch Kolomoisky obtains registration, Ukrinform (18 June 2015) UKROP was established in months following the Euromaidan Revolution. The core of the party comprises civil society activists, participants of Euromaidan, volunteers and members of Ukrainian territorial defense battalions.
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In late January 2019, the Libyan National Army (LNA) led by Marshal Khalifa Haftar launched an offensive to take control of the city of Sabha and the rest of southern Libya from the internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA) and local factions. Officially, the LNA announced that the reason for the operation was to remove terrorists, Chadian rebel groups, and to secure the border, but it has expanded Haftar's territorial control and acquired him oil fields near Sabha. It has also restarted some interethnic conflicts as the LNA has allied with local Arab tribes, while the Tuareg and Toubou tribal militias are loyal to the GNA.Megerisi, Tarek (1 April 2019).
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In 1990, following appeals from Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana for French support in interethnic conflict against the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), nine armed Gazelles were exported to Rwanda in 1992. The Gazelles would see considerable use in the conflict that became known as the Rwandan Civil War, capable of strafing enemy positions as well as performing reconnaissance patrols of Northern Rwanda; in October 1992, a single Gazelle destroyed a column of ten RPF units.Wallis 2006, pp. 30–31. According to author Andrew Wallis, the Gazelle gunships helped to stop significant RPF advances and led to a major change in RPF tactics towards guerrilla warfare.
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Display at the Museo de las Culturas Afromestizas with a "torito" The Costa Chica has one of Mexico's unique music and dance traditions. Many of the songs and dances reflect the interethnic conflicts of the region over the centuries. One notable music and dance style is called “chilena,” characterized by a stomping dance with erotic movements with participants carrying handkerchiefs, part of Afro-Mexican as well as criollo culture. The songs have themes such as love, the environment, animals, politicians and religion. Another genre is called “artesa,” a type of fandango, which is performed in front of a type of an elongated wooden box fitted with a bull's head.
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An increase in intermarriage in the United States has led to the blurring of ethnic lines. Anti-miscegenation laws (laws banning interracial marriages) were abolished in the United States in 1967 and now it is estimated that one-fifth of the population in the United States by 2050 will be part of the polyethnic population.Lee 2000, pages 221-245 In 2000, self-identified Multiracial Americans numbered 6.8 million or 2.4% of the population.Jones & Smith 2000 Online While the number of interethnic marriages is on the rise, there are certain ethnic groups that have been found more likely to become polyethnic and recognize themselves with more than one ethnic background.
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In an effort to resolve the interethnic strife, the Druk Gyalpo made frequent visits to the troubled southern districts, and he ordered the release of hundreds of arrested "antinationals." He also expressed the fear that the large influx of Nepalese might lead to their demand for a separate state in the next ten to twenty years, in much the same way as happened in the once-independent monarchy of Sikkim in the 1970s. However, these measures combined to alienate even bona fide citizens of Nepali descent. Some ethnic Nepalese began protesting perceived discrimination, demanding exemption from the government decrees aimed at enhancing Bhutanese national identity.
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Rustam and his cousin Nuraini, both of Minang descent, are married in Padang, West Sumatra; Rustam does so reluctantly, and only attends the ceremony because he must sign the documentation, before hurrying home to Bandung, West Java. After the wedding, Nuraini goes with her mother and in-laws to visit her husband and discovers that Rustam is already married to a Sundanese woman named Dirsina, whose son with Rustam recently died. Along the way she meets a man named Ibrahim Siregar, who haunts her thoughts. Rustam's parents are unwilling to accept Dirsina as a daughter in law due to her different ethnicity; interethnic marriages are forbidden by adat (tradition).
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Like most works published by Balai Pustaka, the state- owned publisher of the Dutch East Indies, in the early 20th century, Darah Muda deals with the conflict between Minang adat (tradition) and modern, Western, culture. However, Darah Muda was more optimistic in this regard. Unlike other works, like Marah Roesli's Sitti Nurbaya, which tended to end with the deaths of all or most main characters, Adinegoro's novel had the young protagonist succeed in marrying his true love. According to literary critics Maman S. Mahayana, Oyon Sofyan, and Achmad Dian, Darah Muda is supportive of the younger generation and interethnic marriages between two native Indonesian groups, as they are still part of the same national identity.
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A U.S. Department of Justice Resident Legal Advisor focuses on strengthening the independence of the judiciary, efficacy of public prosecution, reform of criminal codes, and capacity to fight trafficking in persons and organized crime. Complementing its assistance in North Macedonia’s political and economic transition, USAID programs improve education and human capacity in North Macedonia through projects on the primary, secondary, and post-secondary levels. Targets include improving teaching techniques, modernizing vocational education, providing computer labs in all schools, and expanding broadband Internet service throughout the country using primary and secondary schools as a platform. Other programs address crosscutting issues, including interethnic cooperation, assistance to the Romani minority, corruption, HIV/AIDS, and trafficking.
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Born on 22 February 1946 in Sterzing, South Tyrol, a province of Italy inhabited by a German-speaking population, he became involved early on in local political issues, which at the time centered on the interethnic relations in the region, which after two world wars and decades of tensions and terrorism were very tense. In the early 1970s he was active in Lotta Continua, a left-wing political organization in Italy. Later, he joined the Green Party of South Tyrol, and became a member of the regional council for Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in 1978. Ever resistant to imposed ethnic boundaries, he refused twice to declare his ethnic group during the 1981 and 1991 census in Bolzano.
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Narlock, p. 2. Onishi argues that the book omits racial experiences and therefore "tends to marginalize" the intended focus by characterizing the relationship between blacks and Japanese as Los Angeles as "interethnic" rather than being interracial; Onishi stated that this is because blacks and Japanese are parts of two distinct racial groups. Onishi also stated that the author "does not engage the social theories and histories that explain how and why the grounds of race shifted in early 20th century Los Angeles." Park concluded that the author "has made a valuable contribution to the history of Japanese Americans by documenting the urban story of internment during World War II" in addition to their overall history of in Los Angeles.
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The High-Heeled Shoes: A Memoir (1948)—This story deals primarily with how women are treated in society. The first-person narrator describes instances of sexual harassment she and other women have experienced, from phone solicitations to threats of rape. Seventeen Syllables (1949)—This story tracks the parallel stories of a young Nisei girl and her Issei mother: the daughter's inability to understand her mother's interest in haiku, the daughter's budding romance with a young Mexican boy, the mother's winning of a haiku contest and the father's resentment of her mother's artistic success. The story explores the generational gap between Issei and Nisei, as well as themes of interethnic interaction, patriarchal repression, and class-based resentment.
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An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997 Even Mori's work while in the internment camp was from the 'optimistic perspective', a style of writing in the internment camps which encouraged Japanese Americans not to be pessimistic and have faith in the American democratic system. Though the majority of Mori's work was considered lighthearted and even comical, some of his works did emphasize the taut emotional strain that a Japanese American felt, before, after and during the war. Most of his works prewar described the slightly comical problems that a Japanese American dealt with on a daily basis, trying to balance their Japanese culture with the American one.
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The Institute of Socio-Political Research under the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR RAS) is a leading Russian academic research center. It is engaged in a fundamental and applied research of social and socio-political processes. It was established in 1991 in Moscow. The basic areas and directions of the scientific researches involve: global problems of contemporary civilization and Russia; analysis and forecasting of Russia’s socio-political development; social dynamics, structure and stratification of Russian society; methods and instruments for sociological research; sociology of management; political and economic sociology; demographic and migratory processes; sociology of federate and interethnic relations; social problems of national security; sociology of human rights; sociology of youth; social ecology, etc.
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The party was established on the 10 July 2018 by Paul Köllensperger, a member of the Landtag of South Tyrol. Köllensperger was elected in the Landtag after the 2013 provincial election, within the Five Star Movement (M5S). However, in July 2018, he left the movement accusing its leadership of not being interested in promoting enough South Tyrol’s local interests and that it was necessary to establish a new party aimed at representing all the South Tyroleans in search of a interethnic centrist party and aimed at breaking the absolute majority of the South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP). In the 2018 provincial election the party obtained a successful 15.2% of the vote, arriving second after the SVP.
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Ivanov took office on 12 May 2009, thereby succeeding Branko Crvenkovski. After taking the oath he held his inauguration speech in the Macedonian parliament and made public his priorities - EU and NATO membership, economic recovery, inner stability, interethnic relations and good relations with the neighbouring countries, especially with Greece. The swearing-in ceremony was attended by Crvenkovski, prime minister Nikola Gruevski, the first president of independent Republic of Macedonia Kiro Gligorov, military officials, leaders of the religious communities in Macedonia and foreign ambassadors in the county. Also, four foreign statesmen were present — the president of Serbia Boris Tadić, the president of Montenegro Filip Vujanović, the president of Croatia Stjepan Mesić and the president of Albania Bamir Topi.
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On 31 August 1989, the Supreme Council of the Moldavian SSR adopted Moldovan as the only official language with Russian retained only for secondary purposes, returned Moldovan to the Latin alphabet, and declared a shared Moldovan-Romanian linguistic identity. As plans for major cultural changes in Moldova were made public, tensions rose further. Ethnic minorities felt threatened by the prospects of removing Russian as the official language, which served as the medium of interethnic communication, and by the possible future reunification of Moldova and Romania, as well as the ethnocentric rhetoric of the Popular Front. The Yedinstvo (Unity) Movement, established by the Slavic population of Moldova, pressed for equal status to be given to both Russian and Moldovan.
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The episode, during which an innocent Puerto Rican man is targeted by a mob for a sexual crime, was cited by the Anti-Defamation League as "the best dramatic program of the year dealing with interethnic group relations." During the second season, one memorable episode was the 23 December 1956, telecast of The Stingiest Man in Town, a musical adaptation of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, starring Basil Rathbone as Scrooge and Martyn Green as Bob Cratchit. It was the only Alcoa Hour production to be granted an original cast album recording. The Stingiest Man in Town was remade in 1978 as a Rankin-Bass animated cartoon, featuring the voice of Walter Matthau as Scrooge.
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The result was a mass of refugees flooding into Azerbaijan, many of them becoming the most radical opponents of Armenians in Azerbaijan. As a result of Armenian-Azerbaijani interethnic conflict in the beginning of the 20th century, as well as Armenian and Azerbaijani nationalists' coordinated policy of ethnic cleansing, a substantial portion of the Armenian and Azerbaijani population was driven out from the territory of both Armenia and Azerbaijan. According to the Russian census of 1897, the town Erivan had 29,006 residents: 12,523 of them were Armenians and 12,359 were Azerbaijanis. As outlined in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Azerbaijanis (Tatars) made up 12,000 people (41%) of the 29,000 people in the city.
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The Malinké, Soninke - Sarakole, Dyula and Bambara peoples form the core of Malian culture, but the region of the Mali Empire has been extended far to the north in present-day Mali, where Tuareg and Maure peoples continue a largely nomadic desert culture. In the east Songhay, Bozo and Dogon people predominate, while the Fula people, formerly nomadic cattle-herders, have settled in patches across the nation and are now as often village and city dwelling, as they are over much of West Africa. Historical interethnic relations were facilitated by the Niger River and the country's vast savannahs. The Bambara, Malinké, Sarakole, Dogon and Songhay are traditionally farmers, the Fula, Maur, and Tuareg herders and the Bozo are fishers.
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Since 1898, when the United States annexed the Philippines from Spain, there were as many as 21 U.S. bases and 100,000 U.S. military personnel stationed there. The bases closed in 1992 leaving behind thousands of Amerasian children. There are an estimated 52,000 Amerasians in the Philippines, but an academic research paper presented in the U.S. (in 2012) by an Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines Amerasian college research study unit suggests that the number could be a lot more, possibly reaching 250,000 this is also partially due to the fact that almost all Amerasian intermarried with other Amerasian and Filipino natives.Mixed Marriage...Interreligious, Interracial, Interethnic By Dr. Robert H. Schram Unlike their counterparts in other countries, American-Asians, or Amerasians, in the Philippines remain impoverished and neglected.
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Of the six members that did one became deputy Crimean parliament speaker and another head of the Crimean state committee for interethnic relations and deported peoples.A day in the life of Nariman Dzhelyal, Politico (27 December 2016) In May 2014, Crimean Tatar leader Mustafa Dzhemilev was prevented from entering Crimea, resulting in Crimean Tatars organizing large protests and a failed attempt to help Dzhemilev enter Crimea after Crimean Tatars broke through a border checkpoint. In response, Crimean authorities accused the Mejlis of extremist activity regarding "illegal" gatherings marked by "violence and threats of violence", warning that the Mejlis could be dissolved and outlawed across Russia. On 3 July 2014 it was announced that for the first time Mejlis would hold its session outside of Crimea in Henichesk.
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After the end of the USSR, corporation grants helped promote the concept of cooperative security among erstwhile adversaries and projects to build democratic institutions in the former Soviet Union and Central Europe. The Prevention of Proliferation Task Force, coordinated by a grant to the Brookings Institution, inspired the Nunn-Lugar Amendment to the Soviet Threat Reduction Act of 1991, intended to help dismantle Soviet nuclear weapons and reduce proliferation risks. More recently, the corporation addressed interethnic and regional conflict and funded projects seeking to diminish the risks of a wider war resulting from civil strife. Two Carnegie commissions, Reducing the Nuclear Danger (1990), the other Preventing Deadly Conflict (1994), addressed the dangers of human conflict and the use of weapons of mass destruction.
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Under the current Lebanese nationality law, diaspora Lebanese do not have an automatic right of return to Lebanon. Due to varying degrees of assimilation and high degree of interethnic marriages, most diaspora Lebanese have not passed on the Arabic language to their children, while still maintaining a Lebanese ethnic identity. Many Lebanese families are economically and politically prominent in several Latin American countries (in 2007 Mexican Carlos Slim Helú, son of Lebanese immigrants, was determined to be the wealthiest man in the World by Fortune Magazine), and make up a substantial portion of the Lebanese American community in the United States. The largest Lebanese diaspora is located in Brazil, where about 6–7 million people have Lebanese descent (see Lebanese Brazilian).
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The museum collection of African art is composed by wood carvings, masks, ceremonial objects, functional objects, ivory and bronze sculptures, textiles, body ornaments, and other items related to several ethnic groups, most part of which indigenous to Western Africa, more specifically, to the Bight of Benin. The collection is of particular importance for its coherent geographical unity, which allows the identification of interethnic flows among groups such as the Ashanti, Bassa, Baoulé, Dan, Bambara, Fon, Fulani, Senufo, Yoruba, and unidentified groups of Benin. It is, therefore, an important register of the common symbols of political, social and economic power, concerning the Pan- African theories. Other important aspect of the collection is the fact that several artworks, mainly of devotional nature, are closely related to Afro- Brazilian culture.
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Advancing Justice - LA is one of the only legal organizations in Los Angeles County that maintains this breadth of language capacity, and thus is an important resource to limited English proficient speakers who are in need of legal assistance. Advancing Justice - LA also advocates through the courts and legislature on many issues, including: voting rights, workers' rights, immigration, domestic violence, race discrimination, and language rights. Advancing Justice - LA is also noted for its interethnic relations and multiracial coalition building through youth, parent and community-focused leadership development programs, as well as its work in hate crimes prevention, race relations, and LGBT alliance building. In 1995, Advancing Justice - LA served as the lead counsel in a groundbreaking federal civil rights lawsuit, Bureerong v.
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Azerbaijani quarter of Tbilisi, 1870 Historically, Azeris in Georgia have succeeded in preserving their ethnic identity and have not been touched by ethnic and/or linguistic assimilation processes observed among many other ethnic communities in the country. Natalia Volkova explained this by the large size of the community and its tendency to being restricted to a specific geographical area. The other reason was that unlike most of their neighbours, Azeris historically adhered to Islam, which weakened possibilities of intermarriage or any other type of close contact with people of other faiths. Finally, the fact that the Azeri language for a long time enjoyed the status of the language of interethnic communication (see Language) reduced the need of knowing the languages of the neighbours, preventing eventual language shift.
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The IPGE began due to a split that occurred within the MONALIGE (Movimiento Nacional de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial), and was formally established in 1959 by exiled Equatorial Guineans in Cameroon at an attempt to start an interethnic movement. The party gained support from members of the bubis, such as Marcos Ropo Uri and Luis Maho Sicahá, the fernandino Gustavo Watson Bueco, and the fangs Enrique Nvo, Pedro Ekong Andeme, Clemente Ateba, and José Nsue Angüe, among others. Rival nationalist groups included the Unión Popular de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial (UPLGE) which was created by Ondó Edú in Libreville and supported by the government of Léon M'ba. In addition to the Movimiento Nacional de Liberación de Guinea Ecuatorial (MONALIGE), whose core supporters were the colony's petite bourgeoisie.
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Plaque at a German-language school in both Italian and German In 1992, Italy and Austria officially ended their dispute over the autonomy issue on the basis of the agreement of 1972.Rolf Steininger: "South Tyrol: A Minority Conflict of the Twentieth Century", Transaction Publishers, 2003, , pp.2 The extensive self- government provided by the current institutional framework has been advanced as a model for settling interethnic disputes and for the successful protection of linguistic minorities. This is among the reasons why the Ladin municipalities of Cortina d'Ampezzo/Anpezo, Livinallongo del Col di Lana/Fodom and Colle Santa Lucia/Col have asked in a referendum to be detached from Veneto and reannexed to the province, from which they were separated under the fascist government.
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Additionally, supporters of DPS argue that banning parties on the basis of their ethnic composition constitutes an instance of ethnic discrimination and is in contravention to European law, the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in particular to which Bulgaria is a signatory. Furthermore, despite a similar constitutional ban, religious parties, such as the Bulgarian Christian Coalition have competed for parliamentary elections since 1997, and again in 2005, without any political upheaval. More recently, Antonina Zheliazkova, head of the Centre for Interethnic Relations in Sofia, praised Ahmed Dogan by stating that "He has been working hard to open up the party to all citizens and has encouraged the DPS's supporters to be free to vote for non-ethnic parties".
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In an interview to Iranian news media in May 2008, Tajikistan's deputy culture minister said that Tajikistan would study the issue of switching its Tajik alphabet from Cyrillic to the Persian script used in Iran and Afghanistan when the government feels that "the Tajik people became familiar with the Persian alphabet"."Tajikistan may consider using Persian script when the conditions are met", interview of Tajikistan's Deputy Culture Minister with Iranian News Agency, 2 May 2008. More recently, the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan seeks to have the nation's language referred to as "Tajiki-Farsi" rather than "Tajik." The proposal has drawn criticism from Russian media since the bill seeks to remove the Russian language as the mode of interethnic communication.
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Below is a brief description of the larger groupings:Caste Hierarchy and Interethnic Stratification in the Muslim Society of Nepal by Shanker Thapa, Tribhuvan University Journal Volume XVIII, June 1995 Members of Madhesh-based Muslim communities reside in the Kathmandu valley and are the leaders of a revival and reform of Islam informed by global Islamist discourses and enabled and promoted by petrodollars and new technologies of communication linking them with Muslims communities around the world. The movement has both religious and political dimensions (though the two intertwine significantly in Islam), each represented by distinct organizations with their internal hierarchies and rules for membership. They provide scholarships for Muslim youth, support for mosques and madrases, and religious trainings. These organizations have centers in the Terai as well, but the national centers are in the Kathmandu valley.
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As the population of both Lao Sung and Lao Loum groups increased after the war, Lao Sung expansion of swidden fields affected the watersheds of Lao Loum rice paddies. Northern Lao Loum who cannot produce enough rice on limited paddy fields have also begun to clear swiddens in the middle elevations. For the most part, there has been no overt conflict, and trade and casual contact have continued, but long- standing ethnic prejudice continued to color interethnic relations in these regions of closer contact and competition for land in the early 1990s. At the same time that roads in remote provinces were being improved and international trade opened in the late 1980s, the Thai government imposed a ban on logging and timber exports following extensive deforestation and catastrophic floods.
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Pew Research Social & Demographic Trends: "The Rise of Intermarriage - Rates, Characteristics Vary by Race and Gender" by Wendy Wang February 16, 2012 The difference is attributed to recent immigrants tending to marry within their immediate immigrant community due to commonality of language, proximity, familial connections, and familiarity. In 2008, 81% of Hispanics who married out married non-Hispanic Whites, 9% married non-Hispanic Blacks, 5% non- Hispanic Asians, and the remainder married non-Hispanic, multi-racial partners. Rosa Salazar is of Peruvian and French descent. Of approximately 275,500 new interracial or interethnic marriages in 2010, 43.3% were White- Hispanic (compared to White-Asian at 14.4%, White-Black at 11.9%, and other combinations at 30.4%; "other combinations" consists of pairings between different minority groups, multi-racial people, and American Indians).
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Previously in the Northeast Caucasus, there had, since recordable history, been a large array of states. Caucasian Albania had existed in Southern Dagestan, for most of its history being a vassal under the direct rule of the Parthians and later the Sasanid Persians, but eventually, the majority converted to Islam following the Muslim conquest of Persia, as their overlords did. Traveling Arabs proved to be instrumental in this, and after they left, they relinquished the new Muslim states of Lezghia (centered in the Islamic learning center of Derbent), Lakia (centered in another, rival city of Islamic learning, Kumukh) and their less important neighbors. In these areas (Southern and Southeast Dagestan), where interethnic conflict was often present, Islam served a unifying role, and it was often the clerical establishment which mediated disputes.
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He gave speeches to the Serbian opposition and to international audiences that warned about the repression of the Milošević government toward Albanians in destroying Serb-Albanian interethnic relations. Artemije added that only democracy in Serbia could control Albanian secessionist attempts and put an end to problems like injustice or manipulation. From 1997 until the 1999 war Artemije had seen the forces of Milošević engage in combat against the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and civilians that spread anti-Serb sentiments among local Albanians. At the time, two disciples of Artemije influenced his democratic phase, Sava Janjić, his secretary in Kosovo and the Abbot Teodosije Šibalić. Artemije became a prominent figure of the Serbian opposition toward Milošević during 1997-2000 and his views on democratisation spread to others within the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC).
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Abdul-Vakhed Niyazov and Ekmeleddin İhsanoğluDuring A.V. Niyazov's presidency, the ICC of Russia is working closely with authorities, public associations and mass media. Thanks to the ICC, the Days of Muslim Culture in Russia became traditional, the first Muslim TV programs All Koran Suras and Thousand and One Day: Muslim Encyclopedia were broadcast.Islamic Cultural Center In 1990s the ICC of Russia actively assisted the development of Hadj system in Russia, built more than 70 mosques in various regions of the country, participated in creation of educational infrastructure, assisted unification of Muslim clergy into Russian Muftis Council under spiritual guidance of which it still works. Developing interconfessional and interethnic dialogue and cooperation, A.V. Niyazov has established functional relationship with the main Russian religions representatives, and above all with the Russian Orthodox Church.
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Instead, she became presidential advisor on interethnic issues until the end of 1992, when she was dismissed by Yeltsin apparently under pressure from conservative elements for criticizing Moscow's support for Ossetians against the Ingush in the North Caucasus. Before re-launching her legislative career in 1995, Starovoitova spent her time at the Institute for the Economy in Transition in Moscow, as co-chair of the Democratic Russia Movement, and as a fellow in the Washington-based United States Institute of Peace. With former political prisoner Sergei Grigoryants, and funding from George Soros, she co-organized a series of international conferences in Moscow in the mid-1990s around the theme "The KGB: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow". In 1995, she was elected to the Russian State Duma from the political movement "Democratic Russia - Free Workers Union".
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The story was inspired by the real life of the tobacco tycoon Oey Thai Lo. Thio also published the related novel, Tambahsia: Soewatoe tjerita jang betoel soedah kedjadian di Betawi antara tahoen 1851-1856, based on the life of Oey Thai Lo's son, Oey Tamba Sia and his competition with Lim Soe Keng Sia. Thio's next novel, Tjerita Njai Soemirah (1917), reversed the roles: in the both volumes of this novel, an ethnic Chinese man falls in love and marries a native Indonesian girl. Sinologist Leo Suryadinata writes that this suggests Thio had either changed his position on interethnic marriages or considered such relations acceptable when the male was Chinese. Another sinologist, Myra Sidharta, writes that the novel is likewise filled with criticisms of both the Javanese and Chinese worlds.
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While only 20 Bosniak families remained in Nikšić after 1878, the towns like Kolašin, Spuž, Grahovo, and others, completely lost their Bosniak population. The clan-organized Montenegrin army forcibly converted about 12,000 Bosniaks and Albanians to Christianity from the areas of Southern Sandžak, and Metohija, in 1912, upon capturing those lands from the Turks in the Balkan Wars. Practically all of the converts, less a couple of families, converted back to Islam in 1913, when, under international pressure, the public announcement was made giving them freedom to profess the faith of their choosing. The last major interethnic incident occurred in 1924 during Šahovići massacre in villages Šahovići and Pavino Polje (present-day municipality of Bijelo Polje in Sandžak), when Montenegrin peasants massacred hundreds of Bosniaks, under the pretext that Bosniak outlaws murdered a local Montenegrin hero, presumably under false pretense.
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Not only has this ongoing effort helped park managers achieve objectives, but it has also improved interethnic relationships and relationships between park officials and local Aborigines. The lessons learned and best-practices developed from reintegrating traditional burning practices in northern Australia could be exported and scaled appropriately to help meet fire and natural resource management goals in other similarly fire-prone areas. For example, areas in the western and southeastern United States that in pre-colonial times were characterized by frequent burning by Indigenous peoples but are now dominated by notably different, and arguably more destructive, fire regimes could benefit from the integration of TEK-based burning practices. Federal agency oversight of oil and gas development in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) of Alaska provides another example of successful integration of TEK into modern ecosystem management.
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The primary function of these governments is to both protect autonomous territories from resource extraction by foreign entities as well as enhance dialogue between the Peruvian state and indigenous communities through fortified institutions. The Autonomous Territorial Government of the Wampis Nation, established officially in November 2015, has since started operating an autonomous radio broadcaster to service the communities of the Santiago River basin, where the new government is also taking on issues of illegal mining in the area. Beyond organizations based in regional autonomy, other notable organizations exist for the purpose of establishing indigenous representation of interests in Peruvian politics. This includes organizations such AIDESEP, the Asociacion Inter-etnica para el Desarollo de la Selva Peruana (Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Jungle), which defends the collective rights of indigenous peoples in the Peruvian Amazon.
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Although the notion that racial mixing is undesirable has arisen at different points in history, it gained particular prominence in Europe during the era of colonialism. Although the term "miscegenation" was formed from the Latin miscere "to mix" plus genus "race" or "kind", and it could therefore be perceived as value-neutral, it is almost always a pejorative term used by people who believe incitation needed white racial superiority and purity. More neutral terms for multiethnic relationships, such as interracial, interethnic or cross-cultural marriages and mixed-race or multiethnic children are more common in contemporary usage. In Spanish America, the term mestizaje, which is derived from mestizo—the blending of European whites and Indigenous peoples of the Americas, is used to refer to production of offspring by people considered to be of different racial types.
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These agreements involved several regulatory relations regarding trade, finance, and defense. Known as the 'Tatarstan model', this experience of positive negotiations between a central government and a subnational region are regarded as a basis for the strength of interfaith and interethnic relations in the modern context and a rarity particularly among post-Soviet states. Kazan's success can be attributed to the political stability, multi-leveled nature of treaties, and pressures of Tatar citizens to develop a working cooperative framework within the Russian Federation indicated movement towards independent but integrated political institutions in the region. As in its establishment of internal affairs regarding Muslim and Christian freedom to worship, politically, this Tatarstan-Russian Treaty settled roots of conflict with Moscow and developed on the paradox of both decentralized power and the strive towards respecting the heritage of the former-Soviet central government.
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According with the principles of Lenin's nationality policy in the early years of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR), i.e. in the 1920s, a policy was carried out which aimed at the Belarusization of public life as well as at the terminological development of the Belarusian language. In the early 1930s Soviet state and party leaders began their ideological struggle against alleged "local nationalisms", putting an end to Belarusization and resulting in grave repressions and physical elimination of the pro-Belarusian intelligentsiya in the 1930s and 1940s.Plotnikaŭ, B. (2000): Äußere Ursachen für die begrenzte Verwendung der weißrussischen Sprache. In: Die Welt der Slaven 45 (2000), 49-58. In 1934 Russian was declared language of interethnic communication for the whole territory of the Soviet Union, and in 1938 Russian was introduced as an obligatory subject in all schools in non-Russian Soviet republics.
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Tom Burridge of BBC News has described UKROP as a centre-left party, while the European Centre for Tolerance, the European Centre for Democracy Development and the Institute for Ethnic Policy and Interethnic Relations Studies describe UKROP as right-wing. Deutsche Welle described the party as "right-wing nationalist". The party claims it will create a "New Ukraine" with a social market economy including social welfare programs (including free internet access, environmental reimbursements for healthcare costs, and a public option for those who cannot afford healthcare), nationalization, environmentalism, public-private partnerships, and use of minimal regulation to guarantee "socially responsible business" in Ukraine. It claims that the Russian Federation is a Fascist regime comparable to Hitler's Germany and wants Ukrainian membership in NATO and the EU. The party also claims it seeks center-right economic reforms.
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Turkification, or Turkicisation (), describes both a cultural and language shift whereby populations or states adopted a historical Turkic culture, such as in the Ottoman Empire, and the Turkish nationalist policies of the Republic of Turkey toward ethnic minorities in Turkey. As the Turkic states developed and grew, there were many instances of this cultural shift. An early form of Turkification occurred in the time of the Seljuk Empire among the local population of Anatolia, involving intermarriages, religious conversion, linguistic shift and interethnic relationships, which today is reflected in the genetic makeup of the modern Turkish people. Diverse peoples were affected by Turkification including Anatolian, Balkan, Caucasian, and Middle Eastern peoples with different ethnic origins, such as Albanians, Armenians, Assyrians, Circassians, Georgians, Greeks, Jews, Romani, Slavs, Kurds living in Anatolia, as well as Lazs from all the regions of the Ottoman Empire.
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From 1985, he was an editor and senior editor of KazTAG. In 1987, Sarsenbayuly became an editor and executive secretary of the Arai - Zarya magazine. From 1989 to 1992, he was an editor of the Orken - Horizon newspaper. In March 1992, Sarsenbayuly was appointed as the head of the Department of Culture and Interethnic Relations of the President. From August 1992, he served as the head of the Department of Internal Policy of the President. On 20 January 1993, Sarsenbayuly was appointed as Minister of Press and Media. While serving the post, he founded the Democratic Party of Kazakhstan on 1 July 1995 and was its co-chairman until it was merged with Otan on 1 March 1999. On 14 October 1995, the Ministry was reorganized into National Agency for Press and Mass Media of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 14 October 1995 where Sarsenbayuly served its chairman.
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Mehdiyev is the author of over 250 scientific articles on social phenomena, economic development, and philosophy and dialectics, focusing on the post-Soviet development of Azerbaijan. He has also published over 20 books, 7 of which have been translated to different languages. These include: Interethnic relations at the end of the 20th century (his second doctoral thesis), Realities of Azerbaijani genocide, Dialectics of development of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan: historical heritage and philosophy of independence, Philosophy textbook, Azerbaijan: Calls for globalization, Parliament elections of 2005: preliminary analysis, Ideas, opening the paths to civil society, On the path of national ideology, statehood and independence in two volumes, On the path to democracy, and Determining the development strategy: modernization course. Mehdiyev has been awarded with the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Order of Glory (Shohrat Order) and was elected a member of New York Academy of Sciences in 2001.
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Within the APOA5 gene, a couple of important SNPs with a widely confirmed effect on plasma TG levels as well as rare mutations have been described. In Caucasians, the common variants are inherited mostly in three haplotypes, which are characterised by two SNPs, namely rs662799 (T-1131>C; in almost complete LD with A-3>G, where the minor allele is associated with about 50% lower gene expression) and rs3135506 (Ser19>Trp; C56>G; alters the signal peptide and influences APOA5 secretion into plasma). There are also a further three common variants (A-3>G, IVS+476 G>A and T1259>C) which are not necessary for haplotype characterisation. Population frequencies of common APOA5 alleles exhibit large interethnic differences. For example, there are about 15% of carriers of the rs66299(C) allele among Caucasians, but the frequency could reach even between 40% and 50% among Asians.
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Jeffrey Kopstein (born 1962'It's Hard to Get People to Kill Each Other, but You Can Easily Get Them to Hate') is an American social scientist, Professor and Chair of Political Science at University of California, Irvine. Specializes in interethnic violence, anti-liberal tendencies, and minority voting patterns with a focus on Jewish history in Russia and Europe. Kopstein received his PhD at University of California, Berkeley in 1991, subsequently held various positions at University of Colorado Boulder until 2002, subsequently at University of Toronto where he was a full processor until 2015, and from 2015 at University of California, Irvine.Jeffrey Kopstein at UCI, Jeffrey Kopstein homepage Kopstein's recent research has focused on why Jews were massacred by the local populations in Eastern Europe during 1941 (in some 10 percent of localities), while in other localities the locals did not kill Jews on a wide scale despite the German encouragement.
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The Interethnic Interfaith Leadership Conferences began in 2000 in Boston, Massachusetts, with the guidance of the 14th Dalai Lama and support from National Endowment for Democracy. The Conference seeks to advance mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation among the diverse ethnic, religious, and regional groups who live under the direct rule of the Chinese government, and people living in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, and to explore universal values, which will provide common ground for a common democratic future. The groups represented in the Conference include Han Chinese, Tibetans, Uyghurs, Mongolians, Christians, Falun Gong practitioners, Muslims, Buddhists, and people from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. Past Conferences have been held in strategic locations throughout the world: from Boston for the 1st, 2nd and 4th assemblies, to Hartford for the 3rd, to Washington, DC for the 5th and 10th, 13th, to California for the 6th and 7th, to Taiwan for the 8th and 9th, to Dharamsala, India for the 11th, and to Tokyo, Japan for the 12th.
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Arab Argentine refers to Argentine citizens or residents whose ancestry traces back to various waves of immigrants, largely of Arab ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage and/or identity originating mainly from what is now Lebanon and Syria, but also some individuals from the twenty-two countries which comprise the Arab world such as Palestine, Egypt and Morocco. Arab Argentines are one of the largest Arab diaspora groups in the world. Although a highly diverse group of Argentines — in ancestral origins, religion and historic identities — Arab Argentines hold a common identity in the Argentinan consciousness, being universally known as "turcos" ("Turks") (like in the rest of Latin American countries The majority of the Arab Argentines are from either Lebanese or Syrian background with a smaller amount of Palestinian, Egyptian and Moroccan background. The interethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity.
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Russophone population in Ukraine (shown in red) In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of interethnic communication and a minority language under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country and 29 million active speakers; 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family or friends or at work. In 1990, Russian became legally the official all-Union language of the Soviet Union, with constituent republics having rights to declare their own official languages. In 1989, the Ukrainian SSR government adopted Ukrainian as its official language, which was affirmed after the fall of the Soviet Union as the only official state language of the newly-independent Ukraine. The educational system was transformed over the first decade of independence from a system that was overwhelmingly Russian to one in which over 75% of tuition was in Ukrainian.
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Belarusization () was a policy of protection and advancement of the Belarusian language and recruitment and promotion of ethnic Belarusians (a type of affirmative action program) within the government of the Belarusian SSR (BSSR) and the Belarusian Communist Party, conducted by the government of the BSSR in the 1920s. Together with the 1920s policy of Ukrainization in the Ukrainian SSR, as well as other similar policies in other parts of the Soviet Union, it constituted the Soviet policy of korenization, an attempt by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to win favor with non-Russian ethnic groups by temporarily reversing the effects of centuries of forced Russification within the Russian Empire and promoting national cultures and languages in Soviet national republics. All policies of korenization were radically reversed with the onset of Stalinism and Soviet government's promotion of Russian language as the sole state language and the required language of interethnic communication.
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The interchange handles around 1.7 million vehicles daily and has produced one of the most traffic congested regions in the world as well as one of the most concentrated pockets of air pollution in America. Since the 1920s, both elite and working-class communities throughout Southern California have witnessed the enforcement of highly effective racial covenants and other exclusionary measures that aim to distinguish separate white and non-white neighborhoods. By the 1960s, the federal government declared certain areas as “White Group Zones” which forced any non-whites in those areas out of their homes. This resulted in the development of Boyle Heights, a multicultural, interethnic neighborhood in East Los Angeles whose celebration of cultural difference has made it a role model for democracy. Since the establishment of multicultural neighborhoods like Boyle Heights was a byproduct of the gentrification of minorities into separate urban area homelands, people in these interracial communities have become considered “disposable people” who are desirable targets for gentrification.
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Tjerita "Oeij-se": Jaitoe Satoe Tjerita jang Amat Endah dan Loetjoe, jang Betoel Soedah Kedjadian di Djawa Tengah (better known under the abbreviated name Tjerita Oeij Se; also See) is a 1903 Malay-language novel by the ethnic Chinese writer Thio Tjin Boen. It details the rise of a Chinese businessman who becomes rich after finding a kite made of paper money in a village, who then uses dishonesty to advance his personal wealth before disowning his daughter after she converts to Islam and marries a Javanese man. Written in a journalistic style and derived from actual events, Tjerita Oeij Se was inspired by the life of the tobacco tycoon Oey Thai Lo. The novel has been read as a condemnation of interethnic marriages between ethnic Chinese women and non-Chinese men as well as reinforcement (or, alternatively, critique) of traditional Chinese values. The novel was quickly adapted to stage and spawned both a retelling in 1922 and a 2000 reprint.
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Clewing (as well as Müller) sees the expulsions of 1877 – 1878 as a crucial reason for the culmination of the interethnic relations in Kosovo and 1878 as the epoch year in the Albanian-Serbian conflict history." Amidst these events, during spring/summer 1879, multiple violent and predatory raids were conducted into Serbia by groups of Albanian refugees into former areas of residence, at times with the acquiescence of Ottoman authorities.. "Одлуке Берлинског конгреса о увећању Србије, поразна искуства из недавно завршеног рата и прилив великог броја муслиманских избеглица утицали су на Албанце да у Кнежевини Србији препознају државу која, скупа са Црном Гором и Грчком, наводно угрожава њихове интересе формулисане програмом Призренске лиге. Немири и врења које је албански покрет изазивао у Косовском и другим вилајетима током четири године деловања Лиге (1878–1881), одражавали су и на Србију и то најчешће кроз изазивање инцидената на њеној новој јужној граници. Упади Албанаца из пограничних делова Османског царства у Србију, прецизније у Топлички и Врањски округ, почели су одмах након разграничења 1878. године.
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Her husband is Jimmy "Rasta" Lusibaea, who was a warlord, one of the leaders of the Malaita Eagle Force, during severe ethnic conflicts in the Solomons in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. After serving time in prison, he went into politics, and was elected to the National Parliament as independent MP for the North Malaita constituency in the 2010 general election, then immediately appointed as Minister for Fisheries and Marine Resources in Prime Minister Danny Philip's government. In October 2011, he lost his seat in Parliament and his position in the Cabinet upon being convicted for grievous bodily harm and assaulting a police officer, for events dating back to the interethnic violence a decade earlier. His expulsion from Parliament led to a by-election for his seat, held on 1 August 2012."High Court Rules against Lusibaea", Solomon Times, 18 October 2011"Former Solomons MP Jimmy Lusibaea Barred From Elections", Radio New Zealand International, 25 June 2012 Jimmy Lusibaea asked his reluctant wife to stand in the by-election, essentially to represent him in Parliament in his place.
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Quand les Khmers de France ne font plus rêver le Cambodge (in French) Buddhism plays an important role in the community and is seen as a marker of ethnic identity; in contrast, the ability to speak the Khmer language is less emphasized. Though immigrant parents set up language schools for their children soon after migration, many children discontinued their language studies due to the difficulty of learning Khmer grammar and the Sanskrit-based Khmer alphabet. Numerically, the Khmer are the dominant group among Cambodians in France, but Cambodians of Chinese descent can also be found among the population; though interethnic marriages between Chinese and Khmers were common in Cambodia and remain so in France, the Chinese they have tended to organise themselves around the varieties they speak and remain somewhat separate from other Cambodians in France. A small number of Cambodians in France consist of the wives and mixed-race children of French colonisers who repatriated to France between 1955 and 1965; regardless of their ethnicity, many of those used Khmer rather than French as their home language.
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This led to the introduction of the home visitation models, which provided funding to private agencies to force parents into intensive services in cases where the children were not favorable on the adoption market. In addition to family services, the focus of federal child welfare policy changed to try to address permanence for the large numbers of foster children care. Several pieces of federal legislation attempted to ease the process of forcing adoption and taking away parental rights, including incentives for adoption and removal with the Adoption Assistance Act; the 1988 Child Abuse Prevention, Adoption, and Family Services Act; and the 1992 Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Adoption, and Family Services Act. The 1994 Multi-Ethnic Placement Act, which was revised in 1996 to add the Interethnic Placement Provisions, also attempted to promote permanency through forced adoption, creating regulations that adoptions could not be delayed or denied due to issues of due process, fairness, Constitutional compliance, parental rights, the children's right, discrimination, race, color, or national origin of the child or the adoptive parent.
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During the reporting period, President Putin spoke several times on the need to combat interethnic and interreligious intolerance. The ROC hosted the World Summit of Religious Leaders in July 2006, including 200 leaders from 40 countries. The conference focused on political and social issues and included calls for interreligious tolerance. President Putin addressed the leaders and urged them to lead their congregations away from extremism. On March 13, 2007, President Putin visited the Vatican and discussed with Pope Benedict XVI ways to improve relations between the ROC and Roman Catholic Church. The LDS succeeded in registering 51 local religious organizations as of the end of 2006. On December 12, 2006, a court affirmed the New Testament Church and the Perm Community of Evangelical Christians' title to the former Lenin Palace of Culture, providing an official certificate documenting the community's ownership of the facility, which they planned to use as a house of worship. An Old Believer community in Samara regained its prerevolutionary church through a municipal decision during the reporting period.
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While still very prevalent in modern society, Tatarophobia generates more controversy and pushback in modern times than it did in the past. While no longer officially a state-mandated institution, it remains pervasive throughout government and society; a notable example being when Russian consul Vladimir Andreev demanded that none of the invited Russian citizens attend the debut of Haytarma, a film about Crimean Tatar twice Hero of the Soviet Union Amet-khan Sultan, because it did not depict the Crimean Tatar population in a sufficiently negative light. Andreev admitted that he did not actually see the movie when he told people not to attend, but said that he felt it would be historically inaccurate because it was directed by a Crimean Tatar. Confusion about different Tatar peoples has been taken advantage of by propaganda, which will celebrate the relative equality experienced by Volga Tatar in order to lead uneducated recipients of propaganda to confuse them with Crimean Tatars and be led to believe that interethnic relations are overwhelmingly positive.
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Viorel Cibotaru was born on 19 April 1958 in Chișinău. Between 1975 and 1980 he studied journalism at the State University of Moldova, and between 1981 and 1986 he graduated as a doctor of philological sciences. In 1987 he held an internship at the Faculty of Journalism at "Mikhail Lomonosov" University in Moscow and in the same year he obtained his PhD in Philological Sciences.Studiile miniștrilor, zdg.md Between 1985 and 1988 he was a lecturer at the Faculty of Journalism at the State University of Moldova. Between 1988 and 1992 he was first deputy head of the Education and Culture Directorate, head of the Interethnic Relations Sector, head of the Information Center of the Republican Council of Trade Unions in Moldova and Deputy Editor-in-Chief of "Vocea Poporului" newspaper. In 1992, he was awarded the degree of Major. Between 1992 and 1995 he was editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Oastea Moldovei", a publication of the Ministry of Defense. In 1995–1997 he was head of the Ministry of Defense press secretariat.
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By focusing on similarities and differences of the two cultures using comedy, these films have shifted from the earlier Turkish-German drama films of the 1980s which focused on culture clashes; in its place, these films have celebrated integration and interethnic romance. By 2011 Yasemin Şamdereli and Nesrin Şamdereli's comedy film Almanya: Welcome to Germany, starring Aylin Tezel and Fahri Yardım, premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and was attended by the German President and the Turkish Ambassador to celebrate fifty years since the mass migration of Turkish workers to Germany. Indeed, stories confronting Turkish labour migration, and debates about integration, multiculturalism, and identity, are reoccurring themes in Turkish-German cinema.. Nonetheless, not all films directed, produced or written by Turkish Germans are necessarily about the "Turkish-experience" in Germany. Several Turkish Germans have been involved in other genres, such as Bülent Akinci who directed the German drama Running on Empty (2006), Mennan Yapo who has directed the American supernatural thriller Premonition (2007), and Thomas Arslan (de) who directed the German Western film Gold (2013).
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Among Holyoke's few literary works was Mary Doyle Curran's The Parish and the Hill. Published in 1948 by Houghton Mifflin, it was the only novel its author would publish, and would be republished by the City University of New York's Feminist Press in 1986 and 2002; their editors lauded it as "one of the first to explore Irish life from a woman's point of view". Described by Kirkus Reviews as an "evocative, effective picture of the disintegration occurring when prejudicial discrimination and derision uproots the pride of nationality", the book shows the hardships of a first generation Irish immigrant family of the later waves, and their "climb from shanty Irish to lace curtain Irish". Curran's poetry was featured in the Boston literary journal Ploughshares in 1979, and posthumously her unpublished anthology The Paper City has been featured in MELUS, the journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, for early portrayals of the uneasy interethnic relations between early Irish and French immigrant arrivals as well as attitudes toward an indifferent Yankee upper class.
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In the 18th-century Thirteen Colonies and the independent United States, while interethnic marriage among Catholics remained a dominant pattern, Catholic-Protestant intermarriage became more common (notably in the Shenandoah Valley where intermarriage among Ulster Protestants and the significant minority of Irish Catholics in particular was not uncommon or stigmatized), and while fewer Catholic parents required that their children be disinherited in their wills if they renounced Catholicism, it remained more common among Catholic parents to do so if their children renounced their parents faith in proportion to the rest of the U.S. population. Despite this, many Irish Catholics that immigrated to the United States from 1770 to 1830 converted to Baptist and Methodist churches during the Second Great Awakening (1790–1840). In between the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 and the War of 1812, 100,000 immigrants came from Ulster to the United States. During the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) and Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), there was a 22-year economic expansion in Ireland due to increased need for agricultural products for British soldiers and an expanding population in England.
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According to Adam Schiff, in the early stages of the Karabakh movement leading up to the Nagorno-Karabakh War and days before the Sumgait pogrom, Hidayat Orujov, a leader of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, warned Armenians in Sumgait: "If you do not stop campaigning for the unification of Nagorno Karabakh with Armenia, if you don't sober up, 100,000 Azeris from neighboring districts will break into your houses, torch your apartments, rape your women, and kill your children."HONORING THE VICTIMS OF SUMGAIT (Extensions of Remarks - February 28, 2013) This however was later denied by Orujov himself who in his interview stated that not only he had never publicly made any statements aimed at igniting inter-ethnic conflict, but also he was not present in Sumgait and was not holding any political role at the time. In 1992-1993, Orujov served as the State Advisor on Interethnic Relations to the President of Azerbaijan. In 1993-2006, he was the State Advisor on National Policies; in 2005-2006, he served as the State Advisor on Ethnic Minorities and Religious Organizations to the President of Azerbaijan.
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