" The defining characteristics of such societies: "inegalitarian and multicultural.
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Within this inegalitarian context, mayors can find even their most noble efforts compromised.
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Reasonableness, or rationality, is one test to which we can subject inegalitarian systems or rules.
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That's an undemocratic, inegalitarian principle that was deliberately baked into the Senate from its inception.
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By contrast, in today's seemingly inegalitarian times, the ratio among white households is just 9.5 to one.
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The Athenians prized direct engagement by their limited citizenry, but they accepted a highly inegalitarian society writ large.
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There is nothing inegalitarian about catering to this curiosity, just as there is nothing egalitarian about doling out dumbed-down drivel.
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Hamilton, with his contemptuous attitude toward the lower classes, was perfectly comfortable with the inegalitarian and antidemocratic implications of his economic vision.
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Red families tend to be inegalitarian or complementarian, viewing the man as the primary breadwinner and the mother as the primary caregiver.
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Kelly emailed back that Among those with inegalitarian racial attitudes, higher levels of inequality are associated with somewhat less support for redistribution.
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What set the movement off was a number of inegalitarian regulations and taxes passed at the urging of Emmanuel Macron, France's unpopular president.
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And he shows how analysis of human bones reveals that family diets often differed; that ancient cultures, in other words, were often quite inegalitarian.
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What's more, just last winter, the Trump administration passed a massive debt-financed corporate tax cut that is strikingly inegalitarian in its distributional implications.
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The social construction of the feminine body is all these things, but at its base it is discipline, too, and discipline of the inegalitarian sort.
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"He was elected to reform the country, but his reforms are seen as inegalitarian," said Patrick Vignal, a deputy in Parliament from Mr. Macron's party.
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The charitable contribution deduction is a deeply inegalitarian mechanism, because it systematically amplifies and more greatly weights the interests of the wealthy people over middle-class and poor people.
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The Trumps' ostentatiously inegalitarian marriage—it is as blinged-out with male dominance as their penthouse is with Louis XIV furniture—can also be thought of as a marketing tool.
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What happened instead was a weak, highly inegalitarian period of economic growth that was associated with the drift of America's manufacturing base overseas and an unsustainable debt-financed boom in house building.
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He'd like us to enjoy "a political life that would be capable of providing a strong, effective figure of disinterested discipline to counter the law of commodified representation and suicidal adolescent inertia," but that desire can take egalitarian and inegalitarian forms.
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The reality is that if we do the exact same thing we did when George W. Bush was president, we will likely get the exact same results — an inegalitarian growth pattern, an uncompetitive currency that hurts American manufacturing, and an economy based on rich people lending money to middle-class people so they can buy houses.
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"While an increasing number of young progressives are attracted to the idea of socialism—inspired by Sanders in 2016 and politicians like AOC now as well as their perception that capitalism is an inherently inegalitarian order—many of the same ones are open to a presidential candidate who does not identify as such but does, like Warren, have a determination to roll back corporate power and empower workers, through unions and other means," Michael Kazin, a Georgetown history professor and co-editor of the lefty journal Dissent, told me via email.
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Spanish society in the 17th century Habsburg Spain was extremely inegalitarian. The nobility, being wealthier than ordinary people, also had the privilege of being exempt from taxes, which the lower classes did not have. Spanish society associated social status with leisure and thus work was undignified for nobles. Even wealthy merchants invested in land, titles and juros.
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Allwright later worked on film soundtracks, and recorded an album of songs for children. He released the album Tant de Joies, a collaboration with American jazz trombonist Glenn Ferris, in 2000. In 2005, he made a rare return to New Zealand to perform. He performed until the 2010s to spread his non-violent message of working in our conscience to change inegalitarian society.
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The most famous came from Wang Shiwei, a journalist and intellectual known for his belief in "democracy and science." Wang wrote an essay denouncing the hierarchy, bureaucracy, and inegalitarian distribution of resources in Yan'an. The essay irritated Mao greatly, and Wang was labeled a Trotskyist. Wang was arrested by the Central Social Department, modelled off the Soviet Union's OGPU, and beheaded in 1947.
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Susan Hurley has argued that any attempt to ground egalitarianism in issues concerning luck and responsibility must fail, because there is no non-circular way of specifying an egalitarian baseline rather than any other baseline. For instance, a luck inegalitarian could believe that the baseline from which we should correct luck is one where huge inequalities exist. Without merely assuming equality, there seems to be no way of coming to prefer one approach over the other.
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The Han Chinese first sons historically married earlier, had lower rates of definitive celibacy and more children (especially males) than their younger brothers. However, they suffered higher mortality rates. This has been attributed to the fact that eldest sons needed to have more children to succeed them as heads and were willing to take more risks and suffer a higher drain of resources to achieve this. The Chinese joint family system had strong inegalitarian traits that made it demographically more akin to a stem family system.
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The setting is a dystopic New York City in the year 2280. A chemical known as "Toxin 5" has ruined the world's ecosystem, bringing civilization close to collapse. The Global Control Commission (GCC) has brought order to the chaos and anarchy, but it is also corrupt and oppressive to the point of totalitarianism. It is also very inegalitarian: all people over age 65 are denied medical treatment), and the government, in an effort to maintain the delicate balance between a growing population and dwindling food supplies, regulates childbirth rates in the few remaining cities.
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Asset-based egalitarian policies, such as the Ackerman and Alstott proposals, are often criticised as not being egalitarian. Due to different people having different abilities and talents to utilise financial wealth, there is always a risk that those without formal financial education would alienate their own freedom by dissipating their capital or "stakeblowing". Stuart White argued that unless education corrected for this, there would be an inegalitarian outcome, as people fundamentally have different asset-management capacities.White, S (2006) “The Citizen’s Stake and Paternalism” in Ackerman, B et al.
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The challenges facing South Africa are immense: it is a relatively young democratic, highly inegalitarian country, with enormous socio-economic problems. Jobs are not being created in the South African labour market at a fast enough rate and there is an expectation from school-leavers that they must find work in the corporate world with scant attention given to creating their own businesses. An uncertainty of laws and policies correlate to the difficulty of starting a South African-based company. Laws and policies are intended to inspire public trust and respect, and their enforcement requires an effective supporting institution such as the judiciary.
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361–371 Nobel Laureate James Meade examined behavior of an "inegalitarian" LMF.Such firms would not exhibit the "Ward effect" even in theory: James Meade, "The Theory of Labour Managed Firms and of Profit Sharing," Economic Journal 82, 325 (Supplement, March 1972): 402–428. Worker cooperatives tend to have a more compressed wage distribution, which can potentially turn off high-ability workers, potentially causing the cooperative to suffer a "brain drain" as they leave to seek higher wages elsewhere, though this effect is less of an issue in a cooperative with a less compressed wage distribution.Burdín, Gabriel.
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Professor Meade made other contributions to economics. For example, he showed that the labour-managed firm (or worker cooperatives) need not respond inefficiently to price rises even in theory."Perverse" market responses, known as the "Ward effect," need not hold if a cooperative allows simple inegalitarian features when allotting shares to new-joining members: James Meade, "The Theory of Labour Managed Firms and of Profit Sharing," Economic Journal 82, 325 (Supplement, March 1972): 402–428. Along with fellow Neo- Keynesian economist James Tobin in 1980, Meade proposed nominal GDP targeting as a monetary policy rule during his Nobel Prize memorial lecture on December 8, 1977.
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University of Illinois Press. 1998. The term 'laissez-faire' is borrowed from the French language, where it translates literally to "to leave to do" or substantively to "do nothing". The term therefore underscores the fact that laissez-faire racists can--and wish to--do nothing at all to actively end racism or racial inequality and this alone is enough to maintain the racially inegalitarian status quo. Katherine Tarca writes that laissez-faire racism is the belief, stated or implied through actions, that one can end racial inequality and discrimination by refusing to acknowledge that race and racial discrimination exists. Laissez-faire racism has two main ideas: first, the belief in the melting pot and America’s assertion of ideas of equal opportunity, regardless of race.
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History and Future of Justice is a book of philosopher and political scientist Vojin Rakic. It analyzes the thesis that history is marked by a slow but progressive development of freedom and justice, and that the 'end of history' will be marked by a condition of perfect freedom and perfect justice, provided that history does not come to an `untimely end`. He asserts that, in spite of all the tragic and inhumane events in our history, a view of the overall historical development of humanity reveals a progress from epochs in which only some were free (e.g., Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, the Middle Ages) to periods in which liberal and democratic concepts are gradually suppressing extremely inegalitarian and authoritarian regime types.
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A five-country survey of 175 men for the International Organisation for Migration found that 75% preferred female prostitutes aged 25 or under, and over 20% preferred those aged 18 or under, although "generally clients did not wish to buy sex from prostitutes they thought to be too young to consent to the sexual encounter." Pdf. Some have argued that an extremely high level of violence is inherent to prostitution; they claim that many prostitutes have been the subject of violence, rape and coercion before entering prostitution including as children, and that many young women and girls enter prostitution directly from state care in at least England, Norway, Australia and Canada. Abolitionists believe tolerance of prostitution is tolerance of inegalitarian sexuality in which male sexual demands can override women's sexual autonomy and overall well-being. Pdf.
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She credited Lloyd with being "admirably sensitive to the historical changes in the characterization of reason", and argued that while most academic philosophers believe that "the current competing pictures of the normatively rational self are in theory gender- neutral", Lloyd made a strong case to the contrary in her "utterly devastating" book. She considered it "paradoxically rooted in the very norms of rational discourse whose nature, function, and origin" Lloyd questioned and predicted that many academic philosophers would not be convinced by Lloyd's arguments. She wrote that Lloyd's attempt to show that "discourses based on inegalitarian projects and interests are unable to live up to their own norms" is a strategy largely inspired by the work of Karl Marx, a philosopher not discussed by Lloyd. She endorsed Lloyd's view that Beauvoir's attempt to put Sartre's and Hegel's "notions of transcendence" to feminist use is problematic, since transcendence is in its origins transcendence of the feminine.
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As usual, Mirbeau demystifies and ridicules all that stupid people blindly respect: the law, which is oppressive by nature, and the police, which is arbitrary and repressive by definition; love, a deception, and marriage, a quagmire; wealth, ill-acquired, and social success, a deceptive façade; the newspapers, which anaesthetize people and provide false information, and the politicians, who are quite indifferent to social misery and concerned only with their own emoluments. Its great originality is to extend the challenge to language itself, thanks to which the dominant classes obtain the submission and the respect of the dominated and perpetuate an inegalitarian social order. Mirbeau succeeds however in making us laugh at that which should really drive us to despair, in the hope that the spark of conscience will help us to live better, to exercise better our liberty of mind, and to rebel against social institutions. Although placing itself in the continuity of medieval morality plays, which had a pedagogical and moralizing purpose, Mirbeau deliberately chose the mood of farce, in which exaggeration, acceleration of the rhythm, caricature, plays on words, the grotesque, and the absurd are acceptable and assure the indispensable distancing effect, without any realism.
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