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"in convoy" Synonyms
in tow accompanying following in attendance by one's side

813 Sentences With "in convoy"

How to use in convoy in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "in convoy" and check conjugation/comparative form for "in convoy". Mastering all the usages of "in convoy" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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Earlier investors in Convoy include Greylock Partners, U2's Bono and Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff.
New investors in Convoy include Cascade Investment, Bill Gates' investment fund Mosaic Ventures, and Barry Diller.
Angry jeepney operators drove in convoy through Manila on December 4th to protest against the plan.
Like, for example, part of the investment in Convoy was Hadi Partovi, one of my friends.
Khosrowshahi also on the board of Fanatics, and an investor in Convoy, which competes his company's UberFreight division.
It released pictures and footage of armoured personnel carriers moving in convoy in Hong Kong before dawn, their lights flashing.
Automated brokering is now offered in Convoy&aposs top markets, such as Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, and Los Angeles, the company said.
All of the things that Fury Road does through immaculate action direction, dialogue, and cinematography is happening automatically, without pressure, in Convoy.
And Jeff Bezos, Amazon's chief executive, personally invested in Convoy, a start-up by an ex-Amazonian that books local and regional trucks on demand.
On Tuesday night, dozens of police cars, roof lights flashing, drove in convoy down Paris's Champs Elysees to vent their fear over their own safety.
Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos and Microsoft founder Bill Gates are among existing investors in Convoy, which made the 2019 CNBC Disruptor 50 list.
Gates joins another Seattle magnate, Jeff Bezos, in investing personal funds in Convoy — Bezos Expeditions was part of their Series A round in late 2015.
The three buses then left the airport in convoy and headed south; two made stops near cafes along the way and one on the roadside.
CapitalG, the growth equity arm of Alphabet, has led the $185 million round in Convoy, its first investment in the Seattle-based, tech-enabled trucking network.
He appeared to say that the vehicle will be able to operate semi-autonomously in convoy, which would be the first step to self-driving trucks.
He worked with Sam Peckinpah in "Convoy" (20043), Elia Kazan in "The Last Tycoon" (1976) and Nicolas Roeg in "Track 29" (1988) and "Cold Heaven" (1991).
One of their videos shows a US-made MaxxPro MRAP vehicle, purportedly being driven in convoy to join the separatists' battle against government forces in the south.
The men were traveling in convoy to provide reinforcement to a police post in the Gadchiroli district when a landmine detonated, killing all 16 men, including the driver.
Al-Shishani was traveling in convoy in the southern al-Hasakah suburbs when the strike occurred, according to the London-based opposition activist group, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
They attacked three vehicles traveling in convoy — two buses carrying worshipers from the nearby province of Beni Suef, and a pickup truck carrying laborers, all headed to the monastery.
The Expedia CEO, who was the Uber board's choice to replace Travis Kalanick, invested in Convoy during the $2.5 million seed round, along with Jeff Bezos and Khosrowshahi's cousins, Ali and Hadi Partovi.
Ukraine says Russia has put conditions that break WTO rules, such as requiring Ukrainian trucks to use identification seals and to move in convoy, and by putting restrictions on Ukrainian drivers entering Russia from Belarus.
The tech would allow the transport trucks to move in convoy formation with a lead vehicle providing guidance for autonomous follow trucks, according to emails discovered by Reuters in which Tesla discusses the work with the Nevada DMV.
That first nail-shredding journey to university—my recently-separated parents driving up in convoy to avoid any unnecessary sharing of oxygen let alone a car—is brought back in deafening and comic clarity by Boney M's "Daddy Cool".
In an unusual move last year, Y Combinator led a $62 million round in Convoy in what was the first time the accelerator deployed capital from its continuity fund into a late-stage company that was not a YC graduate.
Ukraine says Russia has broken WTO rules by singling out Ukraine with trade-restrictive measures, such as requiring Ukrainian trucks to use identification seals and to move in convoy, and by putting restrictions on Ukrainian drivers entering Russia from Belarus.
"We will then advise them as to the safest way to transit, which may involve travelling in convoy," Hunt said, adding that Britain would also strengthen measures to protect ships flying the flags of other countries but which had British crew.
"We will then advise them as to the safest way to transit, which may involve traveling in convoy," Hunt said, adding that Britain would also strengthen measures to protect ships flying the flags of other countries but which had British crew.
The Prime Minister revealed that independently routed ships not in convoy had been sunk as far west as the 42d meridian of west longitude — about 1,500 miles west of the coast of Spain and 1,500 miles east of New York.
In a display of unity over division, people clapped and cheered Barcelona's Muslim taxi drivers as they rode in convoy around Las Ramblas before coming to lay huge floral wreaths and release dozens of black and yellow balloons that matched the colours of their cars.
He has, however, shown some affinity for on-demand transportation: Khosrowshahi, according to PitchBook, is a personal investor in Convoy, a company that has been described as "Uber for trucking," and that could be an attractive acquisition for the ride-hailing giant down the line.
They were welcomed by cheering crowds of Turkmen residents of the city who drove around in convoy firing, sometimes burst of gunfire into the air to celebrate the Iraqi military operation launched in the early hours of Monday to take control of Kurdish-held positions in the oil-rich region.
The convoy split on 7 January 1944, with Chios continuing on in convoy KMS 37G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 9 January. However, the same records show that she departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 64/KMS 38, on 3 January 1944. The convoy split on 15 January 1944, with Chios continuing on in convoy KMS 38G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 17 January.
40-41Cooper, p. 10 Unloading completed, John W. Brown left the beachhead on 21 August and returned in convoy to Naples, where she arrived on 23 August. She embarked 500 German prisoners-of-war and 33 U.S. Army personnel to guard them on 3 September 1944, departed Naples in convoy the next day, stopped at Augusta, and then left in convoy for the United States.
The convoy split on 19 December, with Samos continuing on in convoy KMS 35G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 21 December. She sailed out of Taranto, Italy, in convoy HP 1, on 24 October 1944, arriving in Piraeus, Greece, on 27 October 1944. Her last recorded convoy was from New York City, on 2 March 1945, in convoy NG 493, arriving in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, on 9 March 1945.
This ship was destroyed by an aerial torpedo while carrying ammunition in convoy UGS 38.
Windsor then sailed for Ulithi in Convoy OKU-17, reaching her destination on 10 August.
Crestview High School is a public high school in Convoy, Ohio in Van Wert County.
She departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 61/KMS 35, on 8 December 1943. The convoy split on 20 December 1943, with Lemnos continuing on in convoy KMS 35G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 21 December. On 22 May 1944, Lemnos departed Augusta, Sicily, with convoy VN 41, arriving in Naples, Italy, the following day. She later returned to Augusta, in convoy NV 46, departing Naples, on 16 June, and arriving the next day.
After antisubmarine exercises, Implicit sailed in convoy for the United States, arriving Norfolk 5 May 1945.
On 9 January 1942 Stratheden left Halifax carrying 2,866 troops in Convoy NA 1 to the Clyde.
The music in Convoy is by Ernest Irving and includes a slowed down version of "Rule, Britannia!".
The convoy split on 20 December 1943, with LST-37 continuing on in convoy KMS 35G, arriving in Gibraltar, on 21 December. She sailed for on in convoy KMS 35, the next day, for Bizerta, Tunisia. It is here that she ran aground on 1 June 1944, and sank.
Getting underway in convoy on 29 December, she steamed unchallenged across the North Atlantic, reaching Glasgow on 9 January 1944.
She was in convoy throughout the voyage and returned to Liverpool on 31 December. Hopestar sailed on 14 February 1945 for Cardiff and Milford Haven, where she arrived on 3 March. She sailed the next day for Africa, in convoy for the last time. She was at Accra when the war in Europe ended.
Thence, she steamed to Ulithi to stage for the forthcoming Okinawa campaign. On 5 April, she departed in convoy for Nansei Shoto, as a unit of TF 52. Operating as a unit of TG 52.2, she conducted minelaying operations at Kerama Retto and off the Hagushi anchorage during May. Then, in convoy with TU 51.29.
Lemnos sailed for Taranto, Italy, on 9 January 1945, in convoy HP 19, arriving in Piraeus, Greece, on 12 January 1945.
Towards the end of April 1944, the Macleans set sail in convoy for New York, where they arrived on 6 May.
Orwell saw action at the Battle of the Barents Sea, and was involved in convoy escort duties during the Battle of North Cape.
Samos, ex-LST-33, sailed from Galveston Bar for Key West, Florida, on 28 August 1943, with convoy HK 125, arriving in Key West, 1 September 1943. On 11 October 1943, Samos left Halifax, Nova Scotia, in convoy SC 144, en route she joined convoy WN 497 that had departed Loch Ewe, on 26 October. She arrived in Methil, Scotland, on 28 October with a load of lumber. Samos departed Methil, on 3 December 1943, in convoy EN 314 (series 2), arriving in Loch Ewe, on 5 December. She departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 61/KMS 35, on 8 December 1943.
Chios, ex-LST-35, sailed from Galveston Bar for Key West, Florida, on 28 August 1943, with convoy HK 125, arriving in Key West, 1 September 1943. On 11 October 1943, Chios left Halifax, Nova Scotia, in convoy SC 144, en route she joined convoy WN 497 that had departed Loch Ewe, on 26 October. She arrived in Methil, Scotland, on 28 October with a load of lumber. Chios departed Methil, on 3 December 1943, in convoy EN 314 (series 2), arriving in Loch Ewe, on 5 December. She departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 63/KMS 37, on 25 December 1943.
Following a ten-day buoy availability to clean her boilers, Ottawa embarked elements of the 2nd Marines and their equipment and departed Saipan on 18 September 1945 for Nagasaki and the occupation of Japan. After disembarking the Marines and their gear at Nagasaki, she sailed for the Philippines in convoy on 26 September, reaching Subic Bay on 4 October. Proceeding immediately thence in convoy SL-48, she arrived off Lingayen later the same day. After having exchanged landing boats at Subic and Lingayen, she steamed to Manila in convoy LM-10 (5–6 October), to provision.
She was in convoy with , , , , , and . Their escort was the 64-gun third rate .Lloyd's List, №4233. Union reached Madras on 16 February 1808.
She again left St. Helen's Roads, on 30 April 1945, arriving in Le Havre, the next day, 1 May 1945, in Convoy WVC 138.
She was reported well on 28 November at . She was in convoy with , , , , , and . Their escort was the 64-gun third rate .Lloyd's List, №4233.
In Bombay they were joined by Strathnaver. On 27 September 1944 Stratheden carrying 2,017 troops, Strathmore carrying 3,382 and Strathnaver carrying 1,467 left Bombay in Convoy BAF 5, which took them as far as Aden. From there they continued unescorted to Port Said. On 10 October Stratheden carrying 2,585 troops, Strathmore carrying 3,629 and Strathnaver carrying 1,902 left Port Said in Convoy MKF 35.
During 1747 Arundel was employed in the English Channel, cruising with some success against the enemy's trade, and afterwards in convoy service in the North Sea.
With a stop in Augusta, she transported them in convoy to Bizerte, where she arrived on 31 May 1944, disembarked them, and loaded 406 U.S. Army personnel and 939 tons of cargo. Departing on 10 June 1944, she steamed in convoy to Naples, arriving on 14 June to load C rations, life preservers, and life rafts. She then left Naples on 24 June and proceeded in convoy to the Anzio beachhead and discharged her passengers and cargo. On 26 June, she embarked about 1,000 French colonial troops and transported them to Naples, arriving there on 27 June. She departed on 29 June in a convoy to Cagliari, Sardinia, where she embarked 1,017 Italian Co-Belligerent Army troops fighting on the Allied side; she then joined a convoy to Naples, arriving there on 3 July 1944 and disembarking the Italians on 4 July. Next, she repeated the trip, leaving Naples in convoy on 5 July for Cagliari, where she loaded a cargo of ammunition and embarked 144 Royal Air Force personnel and 759 Italian Co-Belligerent Army troops for transportation in convoy to Naples, arriving there on 9 July 1944.
On 12 October, three residents in the nursing home died. On 7 October, a nursing home in Convoy, County Donegal confirmed 30 positive cases of COVID-19.
After the Battle of Britain ended. the squadron engaged in convoy patrols, interspersed with escort duty to medium bombers in their attack on objectives in occupied France.
She was at Antwerp on Victory in Europe Day. Timothy Bloodworths last reported movement was in convoy ATM 168 from Antwerp to Southend on 28/29 May.
One important aspect of this was that Irish ships usually didn't travel in convoy and insurers such as Lloyd's of London charged a higher premium to insure ships not in convoy. An example of the insurance problems faced, concerns the crew of City of Waterford. When this ship joined Convoy OG 74, the lives of the crew were insured. The ship suffered a collision with the Dutch tugboat Thames, and sank.
After the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940 Soesterberg remained in Allied service, making transatlantic crossings between Canada and Britain. In June 1940 she sailed in Convoy OB 174 from Liverpool to Halifax, Nova Scotia. In July she returned from Halifax to Liverpool in Convoy HX 59 with a cargo of pit props. Early in September she sailed with Convoy OA 208 from Methil in Scotland to Halifax.
Audacious made a last ocean voyage in February 1944 sailing in convoy with troops and supplies to Liverpool. The voyage was in Convoy HX 280 departing from New York 20 February 1944 arriving in Liverpool 9 March.A search of Warsailors convoys shows Audacious in a number of trans Atlantic convoys. After discharge of cargo large holes were made between cargo holds and explosive charges rigged within the double bottom.
The MoWT took her over, renamed her Empire Spey, and appointed George Nisbet and Company to continue to manage her. Empire Spey served in three more transatlantic convoys from Sydney to Liverpool. In May and June 1942 carrying a cargo of steel and timber she sailed in Convoy SC 85. In November and December 1942 she carried another cargo of steel and timber and sailed in Convoy SC 110.
LST-37 sailed from Galveston Bar for Key West, Florida, on 28 August 1943, with convoy HK 125, arriving in Key West, 1 September 1943. On 11 October 1943, LST-37 left Halifax, Nova Scotia, in convoy SC 144, en route she joined convoy WN 497 that had departed Loch Ewe, on 26 October. She arrived in Methil, Scotland, on 28 October with a load of lumber. Records do not indicate when LST-37 departed Methil, but she most likely sailed on 3 December 1943, in convoy EN 314 (series 2), arriving in Loch Ewe, on 5 December, with her sister ships , , and , because she departed Liverpool, England, in convoy OS 61/KMS 35, on 8 December 1943.
On 1 November 1943, John W. Brown departed Oran in convoy on the first of eight Mediterranean shuttle trips she would make during the voyage. After a stop at Augusta, Sicily, her convoy arrived safely at Naples, Italy, on 7 November. She completed unloading there on 11 November, and departed empty on 12 November, proceeding in convoy to Augusta, where she stopped for four days, and then on to Oran, where her convoy arrived on 22 November 1943. After taking aboard 241 American and Free French troops, 261 tank destroyers, trucks, and cars, and a load of asphalt there, she departed in convoy on 30 November and arrived at Naples on 7 December 1943.
Convoy WS 20 divided. Stratheden continued to the Indian Ocean in Convoy WS 20A, which dispersed off Aden. Stratheden reached Suez on 11 August 1942. Stratheden returned home unescorted.
Command of the Orcacitas was given to Gonzalo López de Haro, and it sailed in convoy with Bodega's Activa to Monterey, California. They left Neah Bay on September 29.
On 5 July 1942, SS Massmar in Convoy QP 13, with survivors from Alamar aboard, hit a mine after a mistake in navigation led an escort and six merchant ships into Northern Barrage minefield SN72 laid at the entrance to the Denmark Strait. Massmar sank with 17 merchant seamen, 5 Naval Armed Guards, and 26 survivors she was carrying from the sinking of Alamar in convoy PQ 16. 23 of the Alamar crew survived.
There had been no casualties amongst her complement of 56. The Winona underwent temporary repairs in Port of Spain, departing on 3 February 1943 in convoy TAG-40. She arrived in Mobile on 15 February where she underwent more extensive repairs before returning to service on 14 April. She was in convoy HX 300 (the largest trade convoy of the war) before being transferred to the Soviet Union in 1945 and renamed Akademik Pavlov.
On 8 December 1941 Japan invaded Malaya. A month later Rohna left Bombay for Singapore in Convoy BM 10, arriving on 25 January 1942. She left on 28 January in Convoy NB 1, a fortnight before Singapore was surrendered to Japan. From March 1942 Rohna spent a year criss- crossing the Indian Ocean between Bombay, Karachi, Colombo, Basra, Aden, Suez, Khorramshahr, Bandar Abbas, Bahrain and Âbâdân; sometimes in convoys but much of the time unescorted.
In the spring of 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties for the English Channel for the remainder of the war.
Union-Castle liners took part in many Freetown, Indian Ocean and Mediterranean convoys. sailed with Stratheden in six convoys between 1942 and 1944. On 24 August 1944 Stratheden carrying 4,418 troops and Strathmore carrying 3,526 left the Clyde in Convoy KMF 34, which took them as far as Port Said. They continued unescorted to Aden. On 15 September Stratheden carrying 4,325 troops and Strathmore carrying 3,994 left Aden in Convoy ABF 4, reaching Bombay on 20 September.
In 1942 the Admiralty returned Dunnottar Castle to Union-Castle and the Ministry of War Transport had her refitted as a troop ship. In November 1942 she carried troops in Convoy KMF 2 to Algiers for Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of Vichy French North Africa. She returned to Britain in Convoy MKF 2 and then spent 11 days on the Clyde being repaired. Dunnottar Castle continued on convoys between the Clyde and Algiers until July 1943.
Clearing Oran in convoy 25 October, she arrived at Norfolk, Va., 8 November. Here she prepared for duty in the Pacific, and on 18 December was underway for Pearl Harbor with cargo.
Later, she returned to United States' waters to participate in Fleet Exercise "Quick Kick." That summer, she conducted a midshipman training cruise and took part in convoy exercises off the eastern seaboard.
Also in Convoy PQ 12 was El Coston, another former Morgan Line ship. After the convoy arrived at Murmansk on 12 March, El Occidente unloaded her cargo and took on a partial ballast load of chromium ore. She departed in Convoy QP 10 on 10 April. At 01:29 on 13 April, while at position , German submarine under the command of Siegfried Strelow fired one or two torpedoes which struck El Occidente in the engine room, nearly breaking the vessel in half.
By the autumn the convoy system had become very well organized, and losses for ships in convoy fell drastically, with 2% losses for ships in convoy compared to 10% losses for ships traveling on their own. The convoy loss rate dropped to 1% in October. However, convoy was not mandatory, and monthly loss rates did not fall below their 1916 levels until August 1918. The need for administering the merchant marine during wartime was demonstrated during the First World War.
Her civilian passenger accommodation was assigned for officers; her holds were converted to accommodation for other ranks. On 13 January 1940 she sailed from Freetown, Sierra Leone in Convoy SLF 16, which joined Convoy SL 16 and reached Liverpool on 27 January. On 25 June 1940 she left Freetown in Convoy SL 37, which reached Liverpool on 12 July. On 21 July 1940 she left Liverpool carrying 82 child evacuees to Halifax, Nova Scotia for the Children's Overseas Reception Board.
Barnett sailed from Oran with 1,398 troops of the 36th Infantry Division on 5 September 1943 in convoy SNF 1 to the Salerno landings on 9 September, and left Salerno on 10 September with convoy NSF 1 to return to Oran on 14 September. Barnett left Oran on 30 September with 1,011 signal, police, and ordnance specialists in convoy NSF 4 and arrived in Naples, Italy, on 6 October. After offloading, Barnett left Naples on 7 October with convoy SNF 4 and returned to Oran on 10 October. On 25 October Barnett again sailed from Oran with 1,247 men from the 1st Armored Division in convoy NSF 6 arriving in Naples on 28 October and leaving the same day with convoy SNF 6 to return to Oran on 1 November 1943.
Everoja remained in Ireland.Sweeney p. 226 Everoja was torpedoed and sunk on 3 November 1941 by while in convoy SC-52 on passage from Canada to Dublin with 6,400 tons of wheat.Walter Kennedy p.
She went to Troon for fuel and then joined convoy ON-47. The convoy departed on 15 December 1941. Around this time, Irish crews were refusing to travel in convoy. Irish Willow "lost" her convoy.
She departed from Kiel on her first patrol on 5 December 1942. It was during this patrol that she successfully attacked five vessels in convoy ONS 154. She returned to Brest on 8 January 1943.
KMF 2 also included cargo ships laden with stores and petrol. The convoy was escorted by four Royal Navy destroyers, three sloops, two US Coast Guard cutters on loan to the Royal Navy, and the armed yacht HMS Philante. Stratheden returned from Algiers in Convoy MKF 2. The Polish troop ship sailed with Stratheden in four convoys in 1940 and two in 1942 A few weeks later Stratheden took another 4,714 troops to Algiers in Convoy KMF 4, which left the Clyde on 27 November.
Fiscus was sailing in convoys by May 1940, when she sailed in Convoy OB 152 from Port of Liverpool as far as Canada and then continued unescorted to Charleston, South Carolina. In July 1940 she brought a cargo of scrap iron across the North Atlantic to the UK via Bermuda, where she joined Convoy BHX 55 and Halifax, Nova Scotia, where BHX 55 joined Convoy HX 55. In September Fiscus again crossed to North America, this time in Convoy OB 208 from Liverpool to Canada.
It was potentially a logistical nightmare as well, and allied officers judged it too much so. With the ability to replace losses, the dilemma of using convoys was not as painful. After experiments through the early months of 1917 that proved successful, the first formal convoys were organized in late May. By the autumn the convoy system had become very well organized, and losses for ships in convoy fell drastically, with 2% losses for ships in convoy compared to 10% losses for ships traveling on their own.
Lemnos sailed from Galveston Bar for Key West, Florida, on 28 August 1943, with convoy HK 125, arriving in Key West, 1 September 1943. On 11 October 1943, Lemnos left Halifax, Nova Scotia, in convoy SC 144, en route she joined convoy WN 497 that had departed Loch Ewe, on 26 October. She arrived in Methil, Scotland, on 28 October with a load of lumber. Lemnos departed Methil, on 3 December 1943, in convoy EN 314 (series 2), arriving in Loch Ewe, on 5 December.
On 4 May she got underway in convoy for Ulithi, Pearl Harbor, and San Francisco. There she loaded over 1,300 troops and got underway 6 June for Eniwetok, Ulithi, and Manila where she debarked her passengers.
Lloyd's List №4157. Accessed 29 September 2016. Will reached Jamaica having lost only a single slave of the 294 she had embarked. On 21 May 1801 she left Port Royal in convoy, under the escort of .
Moncton collided with merchant Jamaica Producer on 28 July 1943. From August–September 1943 Moncton underwent repairs at Dartmouth Marine Slips, Dartmouth. She returned to EG W5 and operated in convoy escort operations from October–December.
Lloyd's List №4098, SAD data. She sailed from Portsmouth on 4 January 1807 and arrived at Barbados on 25 February and Jamaica on 11 April. She sailed back in convoy and arrived at Deal on 25 August.
Scuppers Icefalls () is a prominent line of icefalls, 5 nautical miles (9 km) long and nearly 400 m high, between Mount Razorback and Mount Nespelen in Convoy Range, Victoria Land. The icefalls are the main outflow draining from Flight Deck Neve into Benson Glacier. One of a group of nautical names in Convoy Range, this descriptive name is derived from the drainage of the feature, suggestive of stormwater on a ship's deck draining through scuppers along the rail. Named by a New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP) field party, 1989–90.
He later also took part in World War II as a Royal Navy Reserve Convoy Commodore. Hudson died on 15 June 1942 while in convoy HG84 when his ship, the merchant vessel Pelayo, was torpedoed by U-552.
The crew was later rescued by . On 7 July, U-759 torpedoed the Dutch cargo ship Poelau Roebiah, in Convoy TAG-70. The ship sank just east of Jamaica, taking down two men. Sixty-eight others were rescued.
From January 1942 until May 1945, Broome engaged in convoy escort, patrol, and training operations in U.S. East Coast, Icelandic, Canadian, and Caribbean waters. In addition, she escorted several trans-Atlantic convoys to North Africa and the United Kingdom.
She sailed from Bergen on 24 June. On 10 August she returned to Bergen. She sailed the next day for Kristiansand in convoy with M-boot , the tugboat Widder and the cargo ship . The convoy arrived the next day.
Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 1 February 1804. thumb Wexford was among the Indiamen under the command of Nathaniel Dance, in . Dance was the senior commander of the East Indiamen that were sailing in convoy back from China.
From New York City, Chinaberry sailed 11 May in convoy for the Panama Canal Zone, continuing independently for San Diego, California, San Francisco, and Pearl Harbor, arriving 28 June. Between 19 July 1945 and 5 November, Chinaberry tended nets at Eniwetok.
After arriving at Milford Haven on 25 August, she sailed from there two days later in convoy ON 10 for Halifax, where she arrived on 13 September. From there, Empire Wildebeeste sailed to Montreal and back to Halifax by 5 October.
After a month at Clyde, Empire Cheetah set out a third time for North America in convoy ON 7 which, although dispersed mid-ocean, lost no ships to submarines. Empire Cheetah successfully reached her destination of Boston on 3 September.
Following VE Day, Empire Earl made more round trips between Southend and Antwerp, the first four in convoy and then sailing independently. A final voyage in convoy was made in August when she sailed from Southend to the Seine Bay as a member of Convoy ETM 52, before sailing to Antwerp and resuming her previous schedule. She departed from London on 29 August 1945 for Newcastle upon Tyne, where she arrived two days later. She departed on 11 October for Antwerp, arriving two days later and departing on 25 October for Hamburg, Germany, where she arrived on 29 October.
Brecon arrived at the Home Fleet at Scapa Flow in January 1943 and after working up was engaged in convoy escort and Fleet duties in the North Western Approaches and North Sea. In June she was detached from Home Fleet to be made ready for service in Mediterranean to support Operation Husky, the planned allied landings in Sicily. She was one of the escorts for joint military convoy WS31 and KMF17 to Gibraltar and continued with KMF17. In July she helped escort the assaulting forces in convoy KMF18 to the beach head where she remained to provide convoy defence and interception patrols.
John W. Brown got underway from Baltimore on 19 October 1944 for her fifth voyage and proceeded to Hampton Roads, where she joined a convoy for a transatlantic passage. Carrying 356 passengers - including 30 United States Army Air Forces fighter pilots and troops of the all-African American 758th Tank Battalion - she departed Hampton Roads in convoy on 22 October 1944. The convoy encountered very bad weather during its trip but did not come under enemy attack, and John W. Brown arrived at Augusta safely on 14 November 1944. She continued on to Naples in convoy on 16 November, arriving the following day.
After refitting and loading a mixed cargo of U.S. Navy supplies, Muscatine cleared Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, in convoy on 30 May 1918 bound for France. Arriving at St. Nazaire on 14 June 1918, she discharged her cargo, proceeded to Verdun-sur-Mer, and departed in convoy for New York on 7 July 1918. In the subsequent months the ship made five more round trip voyages to St. Nazaire with cargoes of beef and butter. After completing her last run early in July 1919, Muscatine was decommissioned at New York City on 16 July 1919 and returned to the U.S. Shipping Board.
Underway on the morning of 4 December, Basilan proceeded independently to New York City, arriving at her destination the following afternoon. Proceeding thence in convoy on the afternoon of 7 December, she arrived at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, on the morning of the 14th. She sailed on the afternoon of 15 December in convoy GZ-109 for Panama, reaching the Panama Canal and commencing her transit of the isthmian waterway on the morning of 19 December. Drydocked that same afternoon at Balboa, Panama Canal Zone, for the complete realignment of her engine crankshaft, Basilan underwent repairs into the new year 1945.
The ship participated mostly in convoy escort, earning a battle star for her assistance in sinking a German submarine, U-853. The Burkholder-O'Keefe House, Moberly Commercial Historic District, and Moberly Junior High School are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
USS LST-469 under repair in August 1943 On 16 June 1943, she was torpedoed by while travelling in Convoy GP55 off the east coast of Australia. She was towed to the Cockatoo Island Dockyard, Sydney, where she was repaired in August 1943.
She arrived in Saint John on 12 January 1942 and on 22 January loaded her cargo of wheat. Repairs delayed her a further two weeks. She was scheduled to return in convoy SC-68. Returning alone, a submarine was spotted on 3 February.
She rejoined 10th Escort Group at Derry on 5 September, to serve in convoy and anti-submarine operations. On 14 February 1945 she took part in the sinking of . In March the Group was transferred to the English Channel to continue operations against U-boats.
While maneuvering to avoid collision, Skeena passed a surfaced U-boat on a reciprocal course, being fired upon by ships in convoy so closely that Skeenas guns could not be depressed to bear.Milner 1985 p.69 torpedoed Baron Pentland and Tahchee during the excitement.
Convoy premiered at the New Gallery Cinema in London on 5 July 1940, as part of a double bill with The Saint's Double Trouble."Picture Theatres: New Gallery; Clive Brook, John Clemens in 'Convoy'." The Times, 5 July 1940, p. 6. Retrieved: 9 August 2019.
Willie Gillis in Convoy (1943) was a depiction of Gillis close to the battlefield that was not used as cover art. Willie Gillis in College (October 5, 1946) broke with the style of the wartime posters, depicting Gillis as a civilian in a peaceful environment.
On 21 September 1940, Broompark was travelling from Vancouver to Glasgow in convoy HX-72, laden with of lumber and metal. At 23:38 it was torpedoed by a German U-boat, . One crewman was killed. Paulsen was in his bunk at the time.
Two days later she sailed for the Far East, and engaged in convoy escort duty and minesweeping off Okinawa while American units ashore fought against the opposition. After the Americans declared the island secured 21 June 1945, Inflict operated out of it as a base.
On 23 January 1943 Stratheden left the Clyde for India with the P&O; troop ships and Maloja. Between them they carried 13,244 troops, of whom 4,643 were aboard Stratheden. They sailed as far as Freetown in Convoy WS 26, which consisted mostly of troop ships, including , Empress of Canada, Duchess of Richmond, Mooltan, Arundel Castle, two Dutch troop ships and one Belgian. WS 26's escorts included the armed merchant cruisers Canton and Cilicia, five Royal Navy destroyers, two Australian destroyers, two Greek Navy destroyers and a frigate. Convoy WS 26 divided and Stratheden continued to India in Convoy WS 26B, which reached Bombay on 17 March 1943.
The ship's part in Convoy HX 84 was made into a film, San Demetrio London in 1943, starring Walter Fitzgerald, Mervyn Johns, Ralph Michael, and Robert Beatty. It was one of the few films to recognise the heroism of British Merchant Navy crews during the war.
Sixty-eight Patrol Craft Escorts were built for the US Navy, and seventeen were delivered under the Lend-Lease Program to Allies during World War II. The PCEs proved to be an inexpensive substitute for larger and more valuable destroyers and destroyer escorts in convoy escort work.
Rutilicus next operations involved extensive island-hopping. Standing out from Pearl Harbor on 14 April, she steamed in convoy for Kwajalein Atoll, the Marshalls, arriving on 23 April. She then touched at Makin, Tarawa, Abemama, and Makin again, before returning to Pearl Harbor on 20 May.
For ship to shore communications, during Radio silence, ships in Convoy passed any essential messages through their escort for transmission. The Commodore's and Vice-Commodore's ships, rescue ships, merchant aircraft carriers, and ships fitted with Huff Duff were fitted when possible for intercommunication with other escort vessels.
Despite the fact that Murmansk had limited port facilities and typically slow unloading of cargo, West Cheswald was ready to sail in the next departing convoy, Convoy QP 11, on 28 April. West Cheswalds armed guardsmen received a battle star for their participation in Convoy PQ 14.
Narragansett returned to Algeria on 13 October and in November departed, in convoy, for the United States. Arriving off the Carolina coast on 12 December, she entered the Charleston Navy Yard for overhaul prior to sailing for the Panama Canal and a new assignment, the Pacific Fleet.
She put into Cochin, India on 4 June, departing on 9 June and arriving at Bombay on 12 June. Empire Elaine was the only merchant ship in Convoy BA 74A, which departed on 1 July escorted by . She put back into Bombay, arriving on 8 July.
Scipio at first borrowed the naval services of the Greek allies in southern Italy. The loan would have included sailors, as the Romans had but few of those. As they started across in convoy formation, the warships protecting the transports, the Carthaginians attacked and drove them back.
On 24 November 1814 Roselle sailed from Havana in convoy. Not long after, an American privateer of 14 guns captured Roselle, of Leith, Beatson, master at . The privateer also captured several other British merchantmen as well. The capture took place on 2 December, and the privateer was Kemp.
However, Gleaves proceeded westward with the outbound occupation convoys and participated in the occupation of Nagasaki in September 1945. She was then engaged in convoy work and commended for her outstanding rescue and salvage work following the typhoon which swept through the Philippine Sea on 29 September 1945.
Canada sailed from Spithead on 21 June 1801. She travelled in convoy with Minorca and Nile, and reached Rio de Janeiro on 28 August. All three vessels arrived at Port Jackson on 14 December 1801. Canada had embarked 104 male convicts of whom three died during the voyage.
After unloading her cargo, she departed on 27 February, stopped at Piambino, and arrived at Naples on 1 March 1945. She steamed to Oran independently between 2 and 5 March with her running lights burning at night. On 8 March she departed Oran bound for New York in convoy.
Three Bees left in convoy under the escort of and . They parted after about a month and Three Bees continued on in company with Catherine. Three Bees arrived in Sydney Cove on 6 May 1814. Three Bees had embarked 210 male convicts, of whom nine died en route.
In World War II the Italian Government again used Conte Rosso as a troop ship. On 24 May 1941 the Royal Navy submarine sank her by torpedo off the coast of Sicily while in convoy from Naples to Tripoli. Of the 2,729 soldiers and crew aboard, 1,300 were killed.
Early in December she embarked 1,114 troops and loaded US Army tanks at Anguar and Peleliu before departing in convoy 8 December. Steaming via the Russell Islands, she returned to Nouméa 22 December. Four days later she resumed shuttle runs which continued throughout the South Pacific for the next five months.
Underway on 20 March in convoy with task unit TU 51.29.2, Beckham headed for the Marianas. She reached Apra Harbor, Guam, on 22 March, transferred landing craft to the Pacific Amphibious Forces Replacement Boat Pool, and embarked additional marines. Pushing on via Eniwetok, the ship reached Pearl Harbor on 4 April.
In June 2013 an SC 1000 bomb was recovered from the Odra in central Szczecin, Poland. The area was evacuated while the bomb was lifted from the river by military engineers, and then taken in convoy to an Army training base near Drawsko Pomorskie to be destroyed in a controlled explosion.
Writer and director Pen Tennyson served in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) at the time of the production of Convoy. In order to gains some experience in convoy conditions, he was given an exemption in order to be assigned to HMS Valorous, then stationed on convoy duty.Evans 2000, p. 46.
Records indicate LST-30 traveled from Halifax, Nova Scotia, in Convoy SC 144 on 11 October 1943, arriving in Liverpool, England, on 27 October 1943. She participated in the Normandy invasion, June 1944. She departed Liverpool, on 11 May 1945, with Convoy ONS 50 arriving in Halifax, on 29 May 1945.
LST-266 then stood out of that port on 12 April and made Oran, Algeria, on the 16th. From there, she sailed for the United Kingdom on 20 April in convoy MKS-46, reporting to the 12th Fleet for duty upon her arrival in British waters on 3 May 1944.
All ammunition was offloaded between air raids. Rankin departed Okinawa on 28 June 1945 in convoy for Saipan. There she offloaded her boat group and then steamed independently for San Francisco, arriving on 20 July. After taking on her allowance of landing craft, she put in at Seattle for repairs.
Huron acted as a troop transport during the remaining years of the war. During the beginning of one voyage to France. Huron, in convoy, departed Hoboken on 23 April 1918. Two days out, a steering gear casualty in the transport forced that ship to leave her assigned place in the formation.
She was laid up at Trondheim on 11 January. She sailed from Stavanger, Norway on 21 June in convoy with the minesweepers , and the cargo ship . Fritz Homann and sailed on 26 September 1941 for West Spitsbergen, where they were to establish a weather station. They arrived on 15 October.
While sailing in convoy GP48 along the east coast of Australia, protected by the Royal Australian Navy corvettes and , Limerick was torpedoed and sunk on 26 April 1943, by Japanese submarine I-177 off Cape Byron. All but two of the crew were rescued by Colac. I-177 escaped unharmed.
Belgian Crew was carrying a cargo of steel and lumber bound for Immingham, Lincolnshire. She had originally been due to sail in Convoy HX 250. ;HX 292 Convoy HX 292 departed New York on 19 May 1944 and arrived at Liverpool on 2 June. Belgian Crew was carrying a cargo of grain.
Neshoba was held for three weeks at Eniwetok. On 9 July 1945, Neshoba sailed in convoy to Ulithi, then to Okinawa. This trip to Okinawa did not find the same peaceful conditions as prevailed on D-Day. Attacks by kamikazes of the Japanese air forces were in full swing at the time.
Captain John Leith acquired a letter of marque on 22 April 1801. He sailed from Spithead, England on 21 June 1801 in convoy with and , and reached Rio de Janeiro on 29 August. All three vessels arrived at Port Jackson on 14 December 1801. The next day Minorca was at Sydney Cove.
On 3 April, at Palmyra, Tennessee, while in convoy, St. Clair was fired on by Confederate batteries and disabled when accurate shots crippled her machinery. She was safely towed away by Fairplay and later repaired at Cairo, Illinois. The following day, her sister gunboats returned to Palmyra and burned the town in retaliation.
She was equipped with depth charges for employment in anti-submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In the spring of 1917, as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties for the English Channel for the remainder of the war.
The ship sailed for Hawaii on 1 October and, en route, participated in Convoy Exercise 3-71. She spent two days at Pearl Harbor before continuing on to Buckner Bay, Okinawa. There, she rejoined ARG Alfa and embarked Marines for transportation to Subic Bay. Early in November, the ship visited Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Abraham Salomon Gluck was probably murdered, alike most of the 878 men in convoy 73, on or around 20 May 1944. His name is inscribed on his father's tomb in Haifa, Israel, and on the Mur des Noms, at the Mémorial du Martyr Juif Inconnu, in Paris, France, as an eternal remembrance.
No damage to LST-21 resulted from any of these attacks. There were intermittent alerts and anti-aircraft fire during the morning of 7 June 1944, and in the dive-bombing attack that followed, , north of LST-21, received a bomb hit on the forecastle. At 11:20 on 7 June 1944, the LST got underway in convoy for Southampton, arriving at East Solent at 20:55. Mooring at Southampton on 8 June 1944, LST-21 discharged casualties and loaded 40 vehicles and 146 Army personnel. At 14:45 on 9 June, she was underway in convoy for the "Gold" assault area, arriving off the Normandy coast on 10 June 1944, and underway to "Jig Green" beach at 16:49.
After disembarking the fighter pilots there, she departed on 23 November and moved on to Leghorn, where she discharged her cargo and the rest of her passengers. She loaded mail, steamed to Naples in convoy from 4 to 6 December, loaded cargo, and then departed for Oran, for the first time in her career steaming alone in Mediterranean waters - even burning her running lights at night - thanks to the control the Allies had achieved there by December 1944. Arriving at Oran on 11 December, she unloaded her cargo, and then departed in convoy on 13 December 1944 bound for the United States. Braving high winds and enormous waves but encountering no enemy forces, her convoy arrived safely at New York on 29 December 1944.
On 19 June 1942 Onslaught was commissioned for service in the 17th Destroyer Flotilla, as part of the Home Fleet. She took part in convoy escort duties throughout the war, including the Arctic convoys and the Battle of the Atlantic. She also undertook patrol duties in the English Channel during the Normandy landings in 1944.
There she continued servicing net defenses until departing in convoy for Bora Bora 19 February. In the months that followed she steamed between Pago Pago, Suva Harbor, Noumea, and Espiritu Santo, working on vital net facilities which helped keep American bases and staging areas secure. Holly's classification was changed to AN-19, 20 January 1944.
Captain Thomas Barker resumed command of Northampton for her sixth voyage. The change of master again necessitated a new letter of marque, and Barker received one on 4 February 1811. Northampton left Portsmouth on 12 March, bound for Bombay and Madras. Northampton was in convoy with a number of East Indiamen, Carnatic, Castle Eden, Hope.
93–96 Odgers, Air War Against Japan, pp. 125–133 The same month, Hannah fell ill and had to be repatriated to Australia. After six weeks recuperation at Laverton, he returned to No. 6 Squadron, based on Goodenough Island. From March to August, the squadron was mainly involved in convoy escort and anti-submarine duties.
She left the Tyne on 21 June 1942 for Loch Ewe and Iceland, arriving at Reykjavik on 16 July. On 7 September 1942 she sailed to join Convoy PQ 18 which had departed Loch Ewe on 2 September 1942.See e.g. HMS Bryony in convoy PQ 18 , text from Horabin, Ron, Tribute to a Flower.
Assyrian was then transferred to transatlantic convoys between the UK and Canada, starting with Convoy OB 162 from Liverpool in June 1940 and returning the next month in Convoy HX 55 from Halifax, Nova Scotia. In August she went to the USA, sailing with Convoy OB 195 from Liverpool until it dispersed at sea.
The Surprise takes the survivors, including Lieutenant Dumesnil, on board. Pullings has taken many prizes in the time they were parted, with two American privateers in convoy. The Nutmeg and its convoy sail back to Batavia, via Canton, under Lieutenant Fielding. Resuming command of Surprise, Aubrey continues their interrupted journey to New South Wales.
Invincible deployed to the Persian Gulf in 2012, passing through the Strait of Hormuz on 19 May 2012 in convoy with British minesweepers. In March 2017, Invincible visited the Persian Gulf under Royal Navy escort, and was greeted by numerous IRGC fastboats which provocatively approached within 600 meters of Invincible in the Gulf of Oman.
Ian Paisley) in the village. There are no secondary schools in Convoy and local children tend to travel to Raphoe or Stranorlar for second-level education. The Burn Dale (Irish: An Daoil; also spelt in English as the Burn Deele) is a burn (a small river) that flows along the southern edge of Convoy.
Baxter Glacier () is a glacier nurtured by icefalls from Flight Deck Neve, flowing northeast between Flagship Mountain and Mount Davidson to enter Fry Glacier, in Convoy Range, Victoria Land. It was named by a 1976–77 Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) field party after James K. Baxter, New Zealand poet and social critic.
E-Racer Experimental electric motor power installation In 1997, Dick Rutan and Mike Melvill flew in convoy around the world in two Rutan Long-EZ aircraft that they had built. This "around the world in 80 nights" flight was called The Spirit of EAA Friendship World Tour, and some legs of it lasted for over 14 hours.
Arriving back stateside on 13 August, Lenape sailed again from New York with 2,024 troops nine days later in convoy with , Wilhelmina, DeKalb, Rijndam, Toloa, and the French steamer Sobral.Crowell and Wilson, p. 557 Crowell and Wilson, p. 329–30. Returning from her final cruise for the Navy on 17 September,Crowell and Wilson, p. 615.
However, the Peace broke down in May 1803. Larkins received a letter of marque on 16 September, while he was in China. Homeward bound, Warren Hastings crossed the Second Bar on 1 February 1804. Warren Hastings was traveling in convoy with the fleet of East Indiamen returning from China, and under the command of Commodore Nathaniel Dance.
On 23 July 1943, while steaming in convoy a few hours out of Sydney, Nova Scotia, struck Yukon, damaging her portside considerably. Nevertheless, the stores ship succeeded in keeping up with the convoy and safely made Argentia, Newfoundland. She made temporary repairs at Argentia, returned to the United States at Boston, Massachusetts on 5 August, and began permanent repairs.
That convoy departed on 24 April and arrived at Milford Haven the next day. Her destination was Swansea, arriving on 26 April. Empire Nightingale did not sail in Convoy OS 49 km as planned, but instead departed from Swansea on 16 June for Milford Haven, arriving the next day. She then joined the combined Convoy OS 50/KMS 17.
Beckham fueled at Eniwetok before resuming her voyage on 20 May. Reaching Ulithi on 24 May, Beckham and her passengers awaited orders which finally came on 20 June. Underway that day, she headed for the Ryūkyūs in convoy WOK-27, arrived off Okinawa's Hagushi beachhead on the afternoon of 24 June, and commenced disembarking troops and unloading cargo.
She worked on board MV Tudor, which was in the Mediterranean Sea when Germany invaded Norway on 9 April 1940."M/S Tudor", from the website warsailors.com. The ship left Gibraltar on 12 June and sailed in convoy for United Kingdom. On 19 June 1940 MV Tudor was torpedoed and sunk northwest of Cape Finisterre by the German submarine .
Crestview Local School District is a school district serving students in Convoy, Van Wert County, Ohio, United States along with students in Willshire, Pleasant, Harrison, Tully, and Union townships in Van Wert county in the state of Ohio. The school district is about one half hour away from the second largest city in Indiana, Fort Wayne.
Haskell, p. 40.Haskell reports that the Naval Armed Guardsmen of all the American-flagged ships in Convoy HX-233 were awarded a battle star, even though the Armed Guard contingents on some of the ships were unaware that a submarine had been sighted, much less sunk. Merchant seamen on the vessels received no such award.
After offloading Zeilin departed on 12 January in convoy. The next morning, a single Japanese kamikaze aircraft attacked the convoy missing the amphibious command ship and striking Zeilin. The right wing of the Japanese aircraft struck cargo loading equipment next to the number 6 cargo hatch. The fuselage crashed into the starboard side of the housetop.
Redfish assembled , and for a radar-assisted wolfpack attack in typhoon conditions on the night of 18/19 August. Although nearly half of the ships in convoy Hi-71 were torpedoed, Mayasan Maru again avoided damage and returned to Japan with convoy MAMO-02. She then made six trips transporting troops from Pusan to Japan in September and October.
Ownership was returned to the Luckenbach Steamship Company and she was renamed SS Harry Luckenbach. in 1920. On 17 March 1943 she was traveling in Convoy HX-229 (#111) from New York City to the United Kingdom. On 17 March 1943 400 miles off of Cape Farewell, Greenland she was hit by torpedoes from German submarine () U-91.
The ship took on a cargo of salt and set off in convoy. When Steven got back to the Netherlands, he returned to Amersfoort and heard that his mother had died and his father had remarried. With the money he inherited he travelled to Italy. In 1587 his ship was lost in Cadiz in the raid by Francis Drake.
The same day, at about 5:06 p.m., another attack was made on this convoy, the wake of the torpedo being seen in the midst of the ships in convoy about distant. The torpedo, continuing its course, passed almost directly under the stern of Ossipee. It passed about astern of the commodore's ship and harmlessly through the convoy.
During the Anglo-Iraqi War in May the ship made a second trip from Karachi to Basra in Convoy BP 5. After the Allied victory in Iraq at the end of May she spent the rest of the year running between Basra and Bombay, each time going to Basra in a BP-series convoys and returning independently.
On 7 February 1943, Pan Royal departed Hampton Roads in Convoy UGS-5 for North Africa. Two days out, Pan Royal was accidentally rammed by both the Norwegian cargo ship Evita and the American Liberty ship . Pan Royal sank at position with the loss of eight men. Her 54 survivors were rescued by US Navy destroyer .
Gerald Francis Bogan was born July 27, 1894, in Mackinac Island, Michigan to Dr. James H. Bogan (1867–1936) and Katharine Nash-Bogan (1868–1958). He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1916. He served in World War I in convoy escort duty between the English Channel and Gibraltar. After the war he served on destroyers.
The ship then proceeded in convoy with some smaller vessels to Tømmerneset where 948 more PoWs were loaded into the cargo holds. Rigel called next at the port of Bodø.Asbjørn Jaklin, Historien om Nord-Norge, Gylendal Norsk Forlag, 2004, pp. 261–263 When the ship left Bodø on 26 November Captain Rhode reported 2838 persons on board.
The master and 34 crew members were picked up by and were landed at Greenock on 20 October. Including Empire Miniver, 20 ships—over half of the ships in Convoy SC 7—were sunk by 8 different U-boats. The number of merchant ships reported in the convoy by the source was between 34 and 37.
Pp 58–59. she operated under the management of the Blue Funnel Line and later A Holt & Co. Empire Lagan was homeported in London. Empire Lagan returned to the US in Convoy UC 69, which departed Liverpool on 24 May 1945 and arrived at New York on 3 June 1945. She then sailed to Norfolk, Virginia.
She instead sailed in convoy HX 121 which departed Halifax six days later. Convoy HX 121 was attacked by two U-boats on 28 April and four ships were hit, two ahead of Empire Wildebeeste and two to the starboard. Even though another ship was sunk on 1 May, Empire Wildebeeste successfully delivered her cargo of pig iron to Middlesbrough on 7 May. After making her way across the Atlantic independently, Empire Wildebeeste arrived at Norfolk, Virginia, on 25 June. After making intermediate stops in Baltimore and Hampton Roads, she sailed for Halifax with a load of scrap iron on 17 July, reaching her destination three days later. She departed in convoy HX 140 on 22 July and arrived at Belfast Lough on 5 August and Newport on 8 August.
The destroyer escort arrived at Subic Bay on 8 June. Additional convoy duty in the Philippines occupied Jesse Rutherford until July. She departed Morotai on 12 July with amphibious craft to reinforce the Allied landing at Balikpapan, Borneo, remaining there until 22 July. The ship then sailed back to Leyte in convoy, and patrolled San Bernardino Strait until war's end.
On March 14, 1944, she took part in convoy SC-155 (Liverpool-Halifax). SC-155 was a convoy of slower ships, traveling at 4 knots. She joined SC-155 as she was not able to travel at her top speed of 11 knots after her damage. They departed Halifax on March 14, 1944, and arrived at Liverpool on the 29th.warsailors.
Indrapoera and Slamat spent Christmas 1940 and New Year 1941 in Bombay. On 14 January 1941 they reached Colombo to take part in Convoy US 8 to Suez. This was a huge troop movement: seven British and five Dutch troop ships, accompanied by two British cargo ships. The other Dutch ships were Christiaan Huygens, SMN's Johan de Witt and KPM's Nieuw Zeeland.
Platooning tests, i.e. testing vehicles advancing in convoy pose a further challenge. A typical situation to be tested is when the first vehicle produces a signal for intervention (which could even be an intervention based on sensing), and then transmits it to the following vehicles, which need to receive and process the signal with the least possible latency, and initiate the necessary intervention.
If traffic requires it, the hourly departure may be operated as multiple trains running in convoy. A late evening train operates on Fridays and Saturdays only. Only one train a day runs through to Capolago Lago, in order to connect with a boat service from Lugano. One steam locomotive still exists, as does one of the original coaches, and two diesel locomotives.
After shakedown along the California coast Karnes arrived Pearl Harbor 13 February 1945 with passengers and cargo from the U.S. West Coast. Six days later she sailed in convoy to land troops at Saipan and other staging areas in the Pacific Ocean. At Saipan she embarked 406 U.S. Marines wounded in the Iwo Jima campaign and returned Pearl Harbor 17 March.
Cormorant operated between Plymouth, England, and Antwerp on towing duty until 16 January 1945, and returned to New York in convoy 28 February. After overhaul at Norfolk, Virginia, she cleared for the Pacific theater, arriving at San Pedro, California, 24 June. On towing duty, she proceeded to Guam where she served as torpedo recovery ship between 6 September and 12 December.
The convoy's troop ships included Monarch of Bermuda, , Duchess of Bedford, Otranto, three Union-Castle liners, three Dutch troop ships and the Polish Batory and . The light cruiser led KMF 4's escorts, which included 12 Royal Navy destroyers, the Royal Australian Navy destroyer and two frigates. Stratheden returned from Algiers in Convoy MKF 4, which reached the Clyde on 18 December.
In 1944, The US Navy named the USS Naifeh (DE-352), a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort ship, after him. At the time of Alfred's death his mother, Rathia Naifeh, was a resident of Norman, Oklahoma. On February 29, 1944, his mother christened the ship at Orange, Orange County, Texas. Commissioned, the ship began its career in convoy duty.
Hopestar sailed on 13 January 1944, remaining in British waters and arriving at the Clyde on 13 February. She sailed on 2 May for various ports in the Mediterranean, always in convoy at this time. She arrived back at Southend-on-Sea on 15 August. Hopestar departed on 25 August for a return trip across the Atlantic Ocean to Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
From 7 January to 14 February 1945, Seekonk fueled a large share of the amphibious ships used in liberating Luzon and other islands of the Philippines. On the 18th, the gasoline tanker, towing Army crash boat, N6-1, took her position in convoy GI 11-(A) en route to Leyte, Philippines, and arrived at San Pedro Bay on 4 March.
There are two accounts of what happened in the early hours of 6 August 1941. The first is that when Convoy FS 559 was being passed by a northbound convoy. They had come under attack by German E-boats. The standing instruction for ships in convoy under these circumstances was to scatter in groups, each with their own Royal Navy escort.
In June 1940 Rist underwent a Gunner course in Helenslee. Then he was a gunner on the merchant ship SS Marita, which went in convoy traffic between Canada and the United Kingdom. 3 trips UK - Canada - UK, convoy escort each end out to 300nmil of the coast, then unprotected except his own gun. The convoys had 50% loss on these trips.
154 Cunningham stayed on in the Mediterranean and in 1915 Scorpion was involved in the attack on the Dardanelles. For his performance Cunningham was rewarded with promotion to commander and the award of the Distinguished Service Order. Cunningham spent much of 1916 on routine patrols. In late 1916, he was engaged in convoy protection, a duty he regarded as mundane.
After loading Army cargo, Maartensdijk departed in convoy for European waters 10 April. Steaming via Halifax, Nova Scotia, she reached St. Nazaire, France, 14 May, discharged her cargo, and sailed for the United States 15 June. During the closing months of World War I she made two more cargo runs out of New York and Boston, Massachusetts, to French ports.
She departed Liverpool on 25 August for Newport, arriving on 25 August. She arrived on 27 August. On 9 September, she joined Convoy EBC 98, which departed from Barry and arrived at the Seine Bay, France on 11 September. She returned to Barry in Convoy FBC 92, which departed the Seine Bay on 24 September and arrived at Barry on 26 September.
LST-406 left Halifax, Nova Scotia, along with sister ships and , in convoy SC 125 for Liverpool, 31 March 1943, arriving 14 April 1944. LST-406 saw no active service in the United States Navy. The tank landing ship was decommissioned and returned to United States Navy custody on 11 April 1946. She was struck from the Navy list on 10 June 1947.
She took part in the Amphibious Battle of Gela and subsequently served on escort duty throughout the remainder of the operation. She then steamed for New York, arriving on 22 August. Butler was engaged in convoy work and overhaul until 5 May 1944 at which time she stood out for the Invasion of Normandy from 6 June to 15 July.
First based in Miami, Florida, she conducted anti-submarine patrols and provided training in convoy escort and anti-submarine warfare. In March 1944, she shifted homeport from Miami to Norfolk, Virginia. In June 1944, she escorted a convoy from New York to Norfolk. Between 13 July and 7 November 1944, Reuben James successfully escorted two convoys to the Mediterranean, returning with westbound convoys.
Schultze abided by prize law in all but the sinking of Clan Chisholm which sailed in convoy HG 3\. Nine men were killed aboard Schultze's first eight victims. During the attack he ordered the stern torpedo fired at a destroyer—probably HMS Escort—with no result. A number of the ships were photographed during their sinking by the German crew.
The cargo ship headed south to Hampton Roads and departed for Gibraltar on 7 February. She put in at Gibraltar on 23 February and sailed for Oran. From that port she returned to Hampton Roads on 24 March in convoy GUS 76. Timothy Bloodworth next sailed from New York for Liverpool, Southend, and Antwerp, arriving at the latter port on 30 April.
On 27 July, she was underway in convoy with three Navy escorts and in company with , , , , , and for Adak Island in the Aleutians where she arrived on 1 August 1943. Here the Army personnel were disembarked and LCT-81 launched. Beaching exercises were carried out. Practice operations were continued, some in Great Sitkin Island area and cargo was unloaded at Sweeper's Cove.
From 6 April through 27 July, Moreno, now ATF 87 (effective 15 May), was employed in convoy work from Naples and Palermo to Bizerte, shuttling damaged LCTs south, and those in good repair north. She then steamed to Algiers, and from there, to Corsica and various Italian ports before arriving at Palermo to prepare for "Operation Dragoon", the invasion of southern France.
For her fifth patrol, U-38 would again depart from Wilhelmshaven with Heinrich Liebe in command on 6 June 1940. She was to patrol the waters off southern Ireland. During this operation, Liebe would hit six ships, two of which were sailing in convoy at the time. On 14 June, U-38 sank the Greek steam freighter SS Mount Myrto.
He voted against the Act of Union in 1800. Boyton House used to contain the letter which Washington wrote to the family on Richard’s death and receipts for meat bought by thehundred-weight in Raphoe by the Montgomery family for free distribution in Convoy during the Famine. The house passed through marriage to the Boyton family in the nineteenth century.
Following shakedown of the Middle Atlantic seaboard and gunnery and anti-submarine training at Casco Bay, Narragansett departed American waters on 1 April 1943, in convoy for Gibraltar and the Mediterranean theater. Arriving at Gibraltar on the 30th, she continued on to Casablanca, thence to Algiers, arriving on 7 May to begin salvage operations along the North African coast under ComNavNAW.
Her loss prompted Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches, Martin Dunbar-Nasmith to order all Liverpool–bound ships to remain in convoy until past the Mull of Kintyre. 277 survivors were rescued by HMS Harvester and HMS Primrose. Endrass and six other U-boats intercepted Convoy SC 7 and sank many ships. U-46 sank three during the three-day battle.
She departed on 11 July as the only merchant ship in Convoy BA 74B, escorted by . The convoy arrived at Aden on 23 July. She departed that day for Suez, arriving on 28 July. Empire Elaine then sailed to Port Said to join Convoy GUS 48, which departed on 3 August and arrived at the Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States on 28 August.
After successful attacks on ships in Convoy ONS 18 and Convoy ON 22 in which nine ships were sunk, more detailed studies were begun into the torpedo behaviour. These studies revealed that against a torpedo with reduced sensitivity to the rear (described by its sensitivity pattern as a Cosθ torpedo), a single towed noise-maker would not be sufficiently effective.
Woodburn Kirby, Vol IV, pp. 196, 275. The main body of the regiment (RHQ, F Troop of 321 Bty and 402 Bty) remained at Shillong until 12 November, when it was moved by road to the Ledo area and began intensive training. On 22 December, it left Ledo in convoy and moved up to join he forward troops of 36th Division.
After returning from her final refit and working up in Bermuda, Morden joined the Western Local Escort Force escort group W-9. As a local escort, she took part in convoy HX 358, the final HX convoy of the war. She remained with this group until the end of the war. Morden was paid off at Sorel, Quebec on 29 June 1945.
Final repairs were completed in two months, and she was back at Pearl Harbor on 27 July. At Pearl Harbor, Naval Historian Ed Anderson joined the crew, working as an accountant. She then steamed in convoy to Eniwetok Atoll, where she anchored on 10 August and commenced fueling operations. Through October she provided fueling services in the area of the Admiralty Islands.
Edward Rutledge sailed from Tampa, Florida, in convoy 13 May 1942 to Norfolk, Virginia. She operated in Chesapeake Bay training soldiers for the invasion of North Africa. Departing Hampton Roads 24 October, she landed troops at Fedhala, French Morocco, on 8 November, and lay off the beach unloading her cargo with two lifeboats, the only boats remaining after the Naval Battle of Casablanca.
In Britain in November 1943 Ranchi embarked 3,542 troops for the Middle East. On 15 November she sailed from the Firth of Clyde in Convoy KMF 26. In the Mediterranean, early on 16 December, Heinkel He 111 aircraft based on Rhodes attacked the convoy. One bomb hit Ranchis fo'c'sle, penetrated the troops' toilets and went out through the ship's side before exploding.
Aerial photograph of John W. Brown outbound from the United States carrying a large deck cargo after her conversion to a "Limited Capacity Troopship." After completion of her conversion at Hoboken, John W. Brown returned to New York to load for her second voyage, her first as a troopship. Her 5,023 long tons (5,626 short tons; 5,103 metric tons) of cargo consisted mostly of food, and her passenger list included 306 men - seven United States Army officers, 145 U.S. Army military policemen, three enlisted medical assistants, three Royal Navy officers, and 148 Royal Navy sailors; the Royal Navy personnel were all survivors of a torpedoed ship. She departed New York on 24 June 1943, steamed in convoy to Hampton Roads, Virginia, to meet another part of the convoy, and then set out in convoy for a transatlantic crossing.
The attack was carried out by the Decima Flottiglia MAS of the Regia Marina, using manned torpedoes despatched from the submarine Ambra. Empire Centaur returned to the United Kingdom in Convoy MKS 7, which departed from Algiers on 5 February 1943 and arrived at Liverpool on 17 March. She was bound for Cardiff. Empire Centaur was allocated to the Belgian Government in 1943 and renamed Belgian Captain.
On the 19th she departed Guadalcanal for the Philippines. Upon arriving Samar on 30 August, she operated in Leyte Gulf until 20 September when she sailed for Luzon. She reached Lingayen Gulf the 24th; and, after embarking occupation troops at San Fabian, Luzon she sailed for Japan on 26 September. Steaming in convoy she arrived Wakayama, Honshū on 7 October to support occupation landings in Japan.
Her troops went ashore on the 24th, and Bowie cleared Sasebo the next day. She took on boats at Subic Bay on 30 September and then moved to Manila. The attack transport moved to Lingayen Gulf on 2 and 3 October and began embarking troops destined for occupation service in Japan. She departed Lingayen Gulf in convoy on 9 October and arrived in Sasebo on the 14th.
In January 1942, Avon Vale continued in her operations in support of Tobruk. In February, the destroyer was deployed with , , , , Eridge and Heythrop of the flotilla in convoy defence duties in the eastern Mediterranean. On 12 February Avon Vale formed part of the escort for Convoy MW9A, with the cruiser , destroyers , Heythrop and Eridge, which found itself under heavy and sustained air attacks on 13 February.
The British Ministry of Defence (MOD) played an active role in these trials, and it was particularly interested in the outcomes of tropical trials of the FV432. The trials began with crew familiarisation and driver training on both types in the Innisfail area. Once this was complete, the four trial vehicles were driven in convoy the to Mount Isa to conduct hot and dry trials.
Many of the merchant ship captains were resentful at having to sail in convoy and would have preferred to take their chances on their own, rather than risk such a slow crossing with a weak escort. They were often uncooperative; at one point early in the voyage Scarboroughs captain was shocked to find a Greek merchant ship in the convoy travelling at night with her lights on.
Before D-Day, sixty old merchant ships and four old warships were selected as blockships, to be scuttled in a line to give protection to the small craft. The blockships were stripped before setting out in convoy across the channel. Empire tugs were used to ensure the safe crossing. On reaching Normandy they were scuttled in five groups, codenamed Gooseberry 1 to Gooseberry 5.
Shakedown training began on her maiden Navy voyage to Charleston, South Carolina. By 20 March 1943 she completed 10 voyages in convoy from east coast ports to Caribbean islands. She then made one supply voyage to Reykjavík, Iceland, arriving on 10 April. She then made two short deliveries to Cuba before making her first transatlantic crossing in July, delivering men, mail, and stores in Algeria, North Africa.
Pelican was engaged in convoy escort duty to and from Britain. On 10 August 1813 she arrived in Cork, Ireland, having escorted a convoy from the West Indies. At the time Argus was raiding in British waters and two days later Pelican sailed to join the hunt for the American. On 14 August Pelican engaged Argus off St David's Head on the Pembrokeshire coast.
It is not certain that the slaves were a homogeneous group under the leadership of Spartacus, although this is implied by the Roman historians. Certainly other slave leaders are mentioned—Crixus, Oenomaus, Gannicus, and Castus—and it cannot be told from the historical evidence whether they were aides, subordinates, or even equals leading groups of their own and traveling in convoy with Spartacus' people.
Departing Galveston, Texas, 15 March, Latona loaded dry and refrigerated cargo at Mobile, Alabama, transited the Panama Canal, and arrived Pearl Harbor 17 April. Assigned to Service Squadron 8, she sailed 28 April for the western Pacific Ocean. She reached Ulithi, western Carolines, 14 May, joined Service Squadron 10, and departed in convoy 15 May for the Ryūkyūs. She arrived Kerama Retto 21 May.
During a week at New York, Walter D. Munson completed another series of voyage repairs and loaded her fourth Europe-bound cargo. On 30 September 1918, she departed New York in convoy for France. She arrived at Le Havre on 16 October 1918, discharged her cargo there, and then headed back to the United States on 24 October 1918, arriving at New York on 6 November 1918.
On 23 July Pavo departed Eniwetok in convoy for the Marianas. Arriving Saipan the 28th, she discharged tons of cargo both there and at the recently captured island of Tinian. She returned to Eniwetok in mid-August, but by 1 September she had resumed offloading cargo at Saipan. Less than a fortnight later she transported cargo to Guam before heading back to Eniwetok 13 September.
She was involved in convoy escort duties and supported the army in the invasion of Sicily. She spent most of the rest of the war around the Mediterranean. James Gornall the former English first-class cricketer, promoted to Captain in 1941 was placed in command of her in 1943. She also took part in the Normandy Landings in June 1944, where she fired the first shell.
She departed Dartmouth on 14 December and arrived at Plymouth on 14 December. The following day she sailed to Falmouth, Cornwall, arriving the same day. On 18 December, Ragnhild departed Falmouth for Cardiff, Glamorgan, where she arrived on 19 December. She was one of two ships listed in Convoy PW 263, which departed Portsmouth on 14 December and arrived at Milford Haven on 19 December.
The Action of 8 January 1780 was a naval encounter off Cape Finisterre between a British Royal Naval fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney, and a fleet of Spanish merchants sailing in convoy with seven warshipsSyrett (2007), p. 304Syrett (1998), p. 85 of the Caracas Company, under the command of Commodore Don Juan Augustin de Yardi. During the action the entire Spanish convoy was captured.
Following a short shakedown cruise along the coast, Rutilicus took on a load of general cargo at Port Hueneme, California, and steamed in convoy for the Territory of Hawaii arriving at Pearl Harbor on 21 November. Departing the Hawaiian Islands on 4 December, she continued on to the Gilbert Islands, delivering cargo at both Tarawa and Abemama before returning to Pearl Harbor on 12 January 1944.
She called at Pearl Harbor, and continued to Eniwetok, where she provisioned fleet units from 15 to 25 December 1944, when she moved to Ulithi. She remained there until 12 February 1945, when she sailed in convoy for Guam. Eight days later, she sailed for San Francisco. After completing voyage repairs and reloading, she headed west, on 3 April, for Ulithi and Leyte Gulf.
Lindstrom joined the Army on June 22, 1942. He was at Camp Roberts, California from July 17, 1942 to October 15, 1942. Lindstrom was then sent to the 3rd Infantry Division and was assigned to H company 2 Battalion 7th Infantry Regiment. He served first in North Africa. While in convoy on July 12, 1943 in Sicily, his unit came under attack by four enemy planes.
The ship was transferred to the Ministry of War Transport, which renamed her Empire Simba and assigned Andrew Weir & Co. of London to manage her. After spending six weeks at Methil, where she had an advanced ship degaussing system installed among other repairs, Empire Simba proceeded to Oban via Lyness in mid November. She set out for North America in Convoy OB-253 on 2 December.
Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 24 December, Vizagapatam on 27 January 1804, Madras on 21 February, and St Helena on 28 June. Ceylon travelled from St Helena in convoy with the East Indiamen City of London, , Calcutta, and Wyndham, two vessels from the South Seas, Lively and Vulture, and , which had transported convicts to New South Wales. Their escort was .The Times, 12 October 1804.
The tele-operated OCU shows the necessary information according to the priority and facilitates the fast input of commands to maintain the pace in convoy operations. The screen of OCU displays overhead imagery, automated routes and driving parameters. It gives feedback if it identifies an obstacle to continue, or changes track accordingly. The OCU allows a single operator to control one or more UGVs.
This led RAF to belatedly move a number of Coastal Command squadrons. The paltry nine Liberator GR.Is operating over the Atlantic, members of 120 Squadron based in Iceland, were nevertheless a worry to Admiral Dönitz, BdU.Milner, North Atlantic Run, p. 158. As a measure of how valuable they were, after patrols off Canada were added in 1942, only one ship was lost in convoy.
Scott was at sea in the battleship at the outbreak of war, he took part in convoy operations and the bombardment of Cherbourg, during the period when invasion threatened. Transferring to submarines, he served in three small and old-fashioned boats before his time in . His first command was the submarine , training new commanding officers, and then, towards the end of the war, Vulpine and Satyr.
Additionally, vessels with a letter of marque were exempt from having to sail in convoy, and nominally their crew members were exempt, during a voyage, from impressment."Answers" (1911) Mariner's Mirror, Vol. 1, №9 (September), pp.255-6. During the Napoleonic Wars there were also two cases (Dart and Kitty), where British privateers spent some months off the coast of Sierra Leone hunting slave-trading vessels.
In April 1943 she carried steel and general cargo and sailed in Convoy SC 126. In 1946 the MoWT returned the ship to her owners, who restored her original name. They sold her on, and she spent several years as a tramp steamer. By 1961 she was owned by a number of London-based Greeks, who had renamed her Evandros and registered her in Lebanon.
In addition, Missoula provided medical facilities for casualties of the fierce fighting ashore. Her four surgical teams treated 100 stretcher and ambulatory cases, 59 of whom were brought on board during the first day. After embarking a final group of casualties, she sailed in convoy for Saipan 25 February. The following morning one of the convoy escorts, , detected, depth-charged, and sank Japanese submarine I-370.
On 1 January 1940 U-37 was reassigned to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla based at Wilhelmshaven. On 28 January 1940 the U-boat departed for the North Atlantic, with Werner Hartmann in command. As on his previous patrol, Hartmann sank eight ships, this time three British, two Norwegian, one Danish, one French and one Greek. Of these ships, two were in convoy at the time.
Enemy air attacks frequently punctuated her activities, but Bedford Victory emerged undamaged from Kerama Retto on 6 June. She steamed in convoy via Saipan and Ulithi to Leyte Gulf. She remained there through the end of the war and for about two months thereafter. Early in November, the ship embarked upon the long voyage home, and she arrived in Seattle, Washington, on the 17th.
On 22 August 1922, during the Irish Civil War, Michael Collins, Chairman of the Provisional Government and Commander-in-chief of the National Army, was killed in an ambush here by anti- treaty IRA forces while travelling in convoy from Bandon. The ambush was planned in a farmhouse in Béal na Bláth close to The Diamond Bar.Hopkinson, Michael. 1988. Green Against Green: the Irish civil war.
The players come from the villages of Convoy, Drumkeen and Raphoe with the pitch located in Convoy. They have a long and distinguished history having won many junior titles. Convoy has a local amateur soccer team, Convoy Arsenal. The club were Donegal Junior League winners in 2003, won the Division One title in 2004 and were runners-up in the Premier Division in 2005.
Raceland was in Convoy PQ 13 on the Reykjavík- Murmansk leg of its voyage when she was bombed and sunk by German bombers south of Bear Island on 28 March 1942 at position . Two of four lifeboats her crew launched were lost in heavy seas. The remaining two finally reached the coast of Norway, after constant rowing, with 22 men dead from the cold.
After the end of hostilities, she transported 1,523 Army officers and men to the Philippines; after embarking occupation troops at Legaspi, Luzon, she sailed in convoy for Japan 4 October. Arriving Yokohama 13 October, she discharged troops and cargo. Three days later, she joined the Operation Magic Carpet fleet and, from 26 October to 8 November, she carried returning veterans back to the United States.
Joyce rescued and took prisoner 13 survivors, including the U-boat's skipper, escorted the convoy safely to Derry 26 April, and returned in convoy to the United States where she arrived New York 12 May. During the next year Joyce conducted eight more escort voyages for convoys bound from New York to Great Britain; she returned to New York from her last convoy run 13 May 1945.
Cottrell p. 63 Emmet Dalton and Alice Shannon following their wedding in October 1922 On 22 August 1922, he accompanied Michael Collins in convoy, touring rural west Cork. The convoy was ambushed near Béal na Bláth and Collins was killed in the firefight. Dalton had advised him to drive on, but Collins, who was not an experienced combat veteran, insisted on stopping to fight.
On 8 June 1943 Tarazed joined Task Force 65 at Norfolk – headed for North Africa – and arrived at Mers el Kebir, Algeria, on 22 June. She partially unloaded there and, on the 30th, took the rest of her cargo to Oran. On 4 July, Tarazed left for the US in convoy GUS-9. She reached Norfolk, VA on 23 July, was replenished, and left for Bermuda.
These HX convoys had been established shortly after declaration of war; and the first sailed on 16 September 1939.Hague 2000 pp.126–129 Ships in convoy were less vulnerable to submarine attack than ships sailing independently, but the Allies had difficulty providing an adequate number of escorting warships to establish a protective perimeter for detecting and defeating approaching submarines. British Admiralty operations research scientists evaluating convoy battles of 1941 and 1942 determined losses of ships in convoy were independent of convoy size, but varied with the number of attacking submarines and, when patrol aircraft were unavailable, with the number of escorting warships. They suggested convoy losses could be reduced by 64 percent by decreasing the frequency of convoys to increase the average number of merchant ships in each convoy from 32 to 54 and the number of escorting warships from 6 to 9.
From there she sailed unescorted to the Clyde, where she arrived on 27 July. Records of Duchess of Atholls movements between August and October 1941 records are incomplete. On 30 October she sailed from the Clyde carrying 3,128 troops in Convoy CT 5 to Halifax and on 13 November she left Halifax carrying 2,218 troops in Convoy TC 15 to the Clyde. Duchess of Atholls next voyage was from Scotland to South Africa. She left the Clyde on 8 December with Convoy WS 14 but developed defects and had to turn back. She reached Durban in January, spent a few days in port and then sailed on 21 January for Trinidad, where she arrived on 5 February. She then sailed via Bermuda to New York, where she arrived on 15 February. On 19 February 1942 Duchess of Atholl left New York with Convoy AT 12.
After completing individual training at Ingleburn, the battalion moved on foot to Bathurst to complete collective training. Following this, the 2/17th embarked for the Middle East from Sydney on 20 October 1940, on board the Queen Mary.2/17 Battalion History Committee 1998, p. 8. Moving in convoy the Queen Mary briefly stopped in Fremantle, before continuing to Bombay in early November where the battalion was disembarked.
Dowding served on several Atlantic convoys and made two trips to the Soviet Union on the notorious Kola Run. In August 1941 he was commodore to the Dervish convoy, the first supply convoy to the Soviets,Kemp p18 returning with the Dervish ships in October in convoy QP 1. Both these voyages were accomplished safely and without loss.Kemp p23 In late June 1942 he was commodore to PQ 17.
McCracken sailed for the U.S. west coast 17 July, arriving San Francisco the 30th. She loaded dry provisions there; embarked more than 1,400 Army troops at San Pedro, California; and departed 16 August, arriving Manila 12 September to debark troops. A week later she began embarking troops of the 25th Infantry Division at Lingayen Gulf, and on 1 October she sailed in convoy to carry occupation troops to Japan.
They had large tricolours and the word "EIRE" painted large on their sides and decks. At that time, Allied ships travelled in convoy for protection from the U-boat 'wolfpacks'. If a ship was torpedoed, it was left behind since the other ships could not stop for fear of becoming a target. Irish ships often stopped, and they rescued more than 500 seamen, and some airmen, from many nations.
First Brough participated in convoy escort work to Labrador; anti-submarine patrol, and then she escorted a force making amphibious landings along the coast of North Carolina. After thirty days continuous steaming, on 20 November Brough returned to Newport for a much welcomed Christmas leave period. Brough reported to the Boston Navy Yard for overhaul and modification to equipment in February 1955 and completed the refitting on 30 April 1955.
On 1 September 1941 she touched an uncharted shoal in Sardau Bay, Spitzbergen, before returning to the UK later that month. Aldersdale returned to Reykjavik in Convoy UR 2, where on 25 December 1941 she suffered damage to her superstructure when she was fouled by the Norwegian tanker , which had broken adrift during a squall. On 15 March 1942 she suffered further damage, this time to her bows by ice.
At Aden Stratheden with 4,036 troops and Strathmore with 4,679 joined Convoy AB 40A, which reached Bombay on 1 June. On 7 June 1944 Stratheden carrying 3,226 troops and Strathmore carrying 2,850 left Bombay in Convoy BA 71. From Aden they continued unescorted to Port Said. There they joined Convoy MKF 32, which took Stratheden carrying 2,420 troops and Strathmore carrying 4,180 to Liverpool, where they arrived on 4 July.
The next day Stratheden left the Clyde for India carrying 3,031 troops. She sailed as far as Gibraltar in Convoy KMF 44, which was her final convoy of the war. Stratheden sailed unescorted through the Mediterranean, Suez Canal and Indian Ocean, reaching Bombay on 30 May. She left Bombay on 5 June and returned via the Mediterranean, calling at Algiers on 20–21 June and reaching Liverpool on 25 June.
On 10 June 1943, she departed Algiers, in convoy for San Francisco, via the Panama Canal. She arrived at San Diego on 1 July 1943, and at Mare Island Navy Yard on 3 July 1943. She left San Francisco, on 17 July 1943, with the destroyer escorting her and five other LSTs for Alaskan waters. They arrived safely at the Naval Air Station, Woman's Bay, Kodiak, Alaska on 25 July 1943.
Hydra was renamed by the Army as the Engineer Port Repair ship Madison Jordan Manchester after an Engineer officer killed in the war. Conversion began in the second week of December 1943 with delays plaguing the program and scheduled completion delayed until 31 March 1944. Crew training further delayed the ship. Sailing for the European Theater was not until 8 November 1944 from New York in Convoy HX 303.
From Durban, the convoy splits, The 85th AT Regiment aboard SS Narkuna are in convoy DM1 (Durban Military or Durban Malaya convoys), a convoy of escorts and four troop reinforcement ships (Aorangi, Mount Vernon, Narkunda and Sussex) to reinforce the Singapore garrison. There was a fuelling stop at "Port T", Addu Atoll, Maldives on 1 January 1942 (no shore leave). The SS Nakunda reached Keppel Harbour, Singapore on 13 January 1942.
While steaming in convoy on July 16, 1918 the Piqua sighted the conning tower of a third U-boat-on an almost parallel heading. She closed and commenced firing at 11,000 yards (10,058 meters). Unable to see their target, the gun crew aimed according to estimated ranges and bearings called down to them from the bridge. Although she scored no hits her shells forced the U-boat to abandon her prey.
Lichtensteiger played high school football at Crestview High School in Convoy, Ohio where he was a four-year scholar athlete in both basketball and football. During his time at Crestview, he was named a first-team All-Northwest Conference offensive and defensive lineman. His other awards included conference Lineman of the Year in his junior and senior seasons, and First-Team All-Ohio on both his junior and senior year.
Riptide Cirque () is a glacial cirque on the south wall of Eastwind Ridge immediately west of Mount Naab, in the Convoy Range, Victoria Land. Icefalls at the head provide the main ice flow into the Towle Glacier. One of the nautical names in Convoy Range. The name was applied by a 1989-90 New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP) field party to describe the fastest flowing tributary to Towle Glacier.
After unloading her cargo of flour and returning to the United States, West Alsek next sailed on 27 October in convoy to Quiberon and Nantes. West Alsek unloaded her cargo in Nantes from 15 November—four days after the Armistice—to 30 December. Sailing for New York on that date, West Alsek arrived there on 19 January 1919. She was decommissioning on 27 January and returned to the USSB.
Steaming in convoy via Eniwetok and Ulithi, Mintaka reached Okinawa 21 May, and began debarking troops and unloading cargo. Despite periodic Japanese air attacks, she continued off-loading operations during the next week. On 25 May, her gunners splashed an enemy plane during an assault which damaged a nearby merchant ship. Mintaka sailed 31 May, touched at Ulithi 6 June, Pearl Harbor 23 June, and arrived San Francisco 3 July.
Initially serving in Norwegian waters, she was identified as "Field Post Number 07520". By January 1945, Berlin was assigned to Operation Hannibal, the transport of refugees and soldiers from the Eastern Baltic. On 31 January 1945, while forming up in convoy to head east, Berlin struck a mine off Swinemünde, and was put in tow for Kiel.Koburger, Charles, Steel Ships, Iron Crosses, and Refugees, Praeger Publishing, NY, 1989, p.84.
This installment adds more cities and has more realistic graphics, but Mexico is gone from this installment, as in Convoy. The ability to use custom soundtracks and save games during deliveries was added also. Users can choose from 32 rigs, 45+ cargoes and 47+ trailers in the game, including double trailers. The game does not require a very powerful computer to operate properly since it can run on most older PCs.
Waters, pp.38–55 While Restigouche pursued another U-boat, Kapitänleutnant Siegfried von Forstner's passed the destroyer at 22:40 while overtaking the silhouetted convoy from astern. When corvette had a radar malfunction, U-402 went undetected as it penetrated the starboard side on the convoy screen about midnight to torpedo the British freighter Empire Sunrise. Empire Sunrise fired two flares and most of the ships in convoy fired snowflake mortars.
Presuming the submarine was destroyed, she changed course to rejoin the convoy. While Argo was in convoy on 6 January 1944, under the command of LTJG Eliot Winslow, the merchant tanker Camas Meadows and the Navy gunboat collided. St. Augustine sank quickly and Argo rescued 23 survivors and picked up six bodies. Crewmembers from Argo and her sister ship Thetis were recognized for their actions following the collision.
She was repaired and returned to service. ;HX 167 Empire Cloud may have sailed in Convoy HX 167, which departed Halifax, Nova Scotia on 27 December 1941 and arrived at Liverpool on 11 January 1942. She is noted under Convoy SC 63 as having come from HX 167. ;SC 63 Convoy SC 63 departed from Sydney, Cape Breton on 3 January 1942 and dispersed at sea on 13 January.
Cornel sailed in convoy from San Pedro, California, 6 August 1944 for Eniwetok, arriving 15 September. On 9 October she reported at Ulithi to maintain nets, and except for short periods at Peleliu, in the Palau Islands, Cornel remained at Ulithi tending nets until the end of the war, then dismantling and salvaging them. She cleared Ulithi 17 October 1945 and arrived at San Pedro, California, 29 November.
By 14 June, Rutilicus was steaming in convoy for Eniwetok Atoll, arriving there on 25 June. For the next seven weeks, she rode at anchor there, then joined up with a convoy for Tinian, the Marianas. Following offloading at Tinian, she left for Eniwetok 14 August, touching there on 19 August, and then continued on to Pearl Harbor. Then she steamed independently for San Francisco, California, arriving on 8 September.
As Allied forces secured Salerno, entered Naples, and began the hard-fought drive up the boot of Italy, she continued to transport reinforcements and cargo from North Africa to Italy. On 30 November she departed Oran in convoy for the United Kingdom; and, with almost 2,000 troops embarked, she arrived Belfast, Northern Ireland, 9 December Departing for the United States 20 December, she reached New York 31 December.
From August 1914, she was deployed in the 8th Destroyer Flotilla based at the Firth of Forth, but the next month detached from that formation. By October, she was attached to the Grand Fleet. In July 1917, she was transferred to the 7th Destroyer Flotilla, on the east coast of England, where she would be engaged in convoy work.Admiralty. Supplements to the Monthly Navy List, September 1914 p.
On 2 April Portunus got underway for Samar and Leyte. On 16 April she joined company with the remainder of TG 78.2 to land the 24th Infantry Division, U.S. Army and secure Parang, Mindanao. She steamed between various points on Mindanao and Samar, supplying MTB's, until 16 July when she got underway in convoy for Okinawa. She anchored off Hagushi, 21 July and shifted to Togouchi Harbor the next day.
Not joining the IJN till mid-1943 when the Japanese navy was well and truly on the back foot, the ships participated in convoy duties delivering fuel oil around Southeast Asia. Their top speed of 16 knots meant that they would not have been capable of keeping up with the fast carrier battle groups. Ashizuri was sunk by the on 5 June 1944, and Shioya was lost to three days later.
In July 1940, she joined 6th Escort Group, and returned to escort duty, on both the Gibraltar and South Atlantic, and the east- and west-bound North Atlantic route. In this role, Broke was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. She operated in this role the next two and a half years.
The Huntington—in Convoy UGS-27, a 115-ship convoy—sailed from Hampton Roads on 15 December for Oran, arriving there on 3 January 1944. She departed from Oran on 16 January and arrived at Naples five days later. One week later, Samuel Huntington sailed to Anzio where she anchored one-quarter mile (400 m) off the beach on 29 January with of cargo, including ammunition, canned gasoline and TNT.
The painting Willie Gillis in Convoy was produced in 1943, depicting Gillis, in combat gear, in the back of a covered military vehicle with his rifle in hand. Rockwell donated the painting to the Gardner High School for the graduating class, where it hung in the principal's office until 2000. The school then loaned it to the Gardner Museum. A charcoal sketch of the painting sold for $107,000 in 1999.
Insignia of the United States Armed Guard United States Navy Armed Guard units were established during World War II in an attempt to provide defensive firepower to merchant ships in convoy or merchant ships traveling alone. This was done because of the constant danger from enemy submarines, surface raiders, fighter aircraft and bombers, and because of the shortage of Allied escort vessels necessary to provide the merchant vessels with adequate protection.
128 Nelson reached Portoferraio shortly afterwards and took the remaining British troops and supplies on the island on board, sailing back to Gibraltar in convoy on 29 January 1797.James, Vol.1, p.318 The last operation of the campaign was by Minerve and HMS Romulus, which reconnoitered Toulon, Barcelona and Cartagena on passage back to Gibraltar, arriving on 10 February as the last British forces in the Mediterranean.
In November 1916 she was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla when it was redeployed to Portsmouth. She was equipped with depth charges for employment in anti- submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In the spring of 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties for the English Channel for the remainder of the war.
Departing Adak on 14 August 1943, LST-19 took position in a convoy operating with Task Force 16.10. On 16 August, she broke off and proceeded independently, anchoring off Kiska Island. She then entered Kiska Harbor on 19 August, and began unloading Army equipment. Getting underway on 19 August, in convoy with LST-69 and , , , , , and , escorted by , she began proceeding independently on 22 August, and anchored at Adak Island.
U-38 would depart Wilhelmshaven for the last time on 1 August 1940, again with Heinrich Liebe in command. On this month-long patrol off the western coast of Ireland, U-38 would hit and sink three ships, all of which were in convoy at the time of attack. On 7 August the Egyptian liner was sunk while traveling with HX 61, from Halifax to Gibraltar, 320 died.Blair, p.
She joined the well-screened Task Group 77.9 en route Lingayen Gulf 2 January 1945, and unloaded troops and cargo in the San Fabian area between 11 and 13 January. Propulsion problems necessitated repairs at Leyte, after which she steamed in convoy for Humboldt Bay, New Guinea, thence to Ulithi. There she was designated flagship for Transport Division "D" of Task Unit 12.6.1 and steamed for Iwo Jima, arriving 18 March.
She then began to load troops and supplies for the Okinawa invasion, as American forces neared the last stop in their victorious sweep across the Pacific. More landing drills followed, after which the transport got underway in convoy for Okinawa 21 March. Arriving off Kerama Retto 26 March, Goodhue and the other transports put ashore troops to secure the island group as a base for the coming invasion of nearby Okinawa.
She is believed to have been sunk on 4 October in a collision with the Italian merchant ship Antonietta Costa, which reported striking a submerged object at 03:30, followed by a huge underwater explosion while sailing in convoy from Albania on that date. Until 1988 it was believed that Rainbow had been sunk by the , but eventually it was determined that was the submarine that Enrico Toti sank.
On 28 August 1939 the Montclare was requisitioned by the Admiralty and converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser being commissioned as such in October 1939. On 2 June 1942 she was sold to the Admiralty. Now HMS Montclare, she was converted to a Destroyer Depot Ship, completing in 1944. She sailed from the Clyde on 1 March 1945 in convoy via the Suez Canal, arriving in Sydney on 20 April 1945.
The RNPS fought in all theatres of the war, from the Arctic to the Mediterranean, from the Atlantic to the Far East, involved in convoy duty, minesweeping and anti-submarine work. Most particularly they kept the British coast clear of the mines that were wreaking havoc with merchant ships. One RNPS member, Lieutenant Richard Stannard won the Victoria Cross while in command of the Hull trawler Arab in the Namsos campaign.
Hanover got underway 1 July for Eniwetok Atoll, an important Pacific staging area, expecting to take part in the final assault on Japan. Arriving 14 July, she sailed in convoy 3 days later, bound for Ulithi. The ship remained at this base briefly, using the rest and recreation at Mogmog island, which is a part of the Ulithi atoll. Troops stayed in bunks that were 6 bunks high.
The 35th Fighter Squadron along with the 8th Pursuit Group and 22nd Airbase Group left San Francisco in Convoy Number 2033, escorted by , for Australia on 12 February 1942 on the Army transport USAT arriving with the convoy at Brisbane, Australia on 5 March 1942.Williford, p. 272 The squadron has never been stationed in the United States since. It arrived in Brisbane, Queensland on 6 March 1942.
After supplying Bermuda and Cuba she returned to the US, reaching Bayonne, New Jersey, on 13 August. Eight days later Tarazed left for North Africa, reaching Mers el Kebir on 2 September. After calling at Bizerte and Algiers, she returned to the US in convoy GUS-15 and arrived at Norfolk on 4 October. Late that month, she joined convoy UGS-22 to take materiel to Oran, Bizerte and Palermo.
Destined to carry wheat and phosphate fertilizer, both ships sailed initially from New Orleans for St John's in October 1941, to take on cargoes of wheat bound for Ireland. Since insurers such as Lloyd's of London charged higher premiums for ships not in convoy, the Irish Oak and the Irish Pine were painted war-time camouflage in preparation for sailing in-convoy. Irish Pine joined Convoy SC 56 and arrived in Dublin on 11 December 1941\. In contrast, Irish Oak experienced a number of serious mishaps and setbacks: Chief Engineer R. Marsh, of Dublin, suffered a heart attack and was hospitalised in New Orleans; another engineer, O'Keefe of Dún Laoghaire, was severely burned in a boiler room blow-back and hospitalised in St John; and a locally recruited Greek replacement engineer caused difficulties, was reported to the Canadian authorities by the captain, and jailed. Initially Irish Oak sailed with Convoy SC 52, which departed from Sydney, Nova Scotia on 29 October 1941\.
She was at Southampton on "V-E Day" and enjoyed the honor of escorting the first peacetime convoy from England to New York. Despite the presence of aggressive "wolfpacks" of U-boats during the later days of the war, not one ship escorted by Wingfield was damaged by an enemy submarine. During her service in the North Atlantic, this ship rendered medical aid to merchant vessels in convoy on more than 100 occasions.
On the morning of 27 March, her tropical idyll came to an end, and she shifted to Honolulu Harbor. After embarking US Army troops on 28 March, the ship sailed for the Marshalls on 29 March, in convoy PD 355T and reached Eniwetok on the afternoon of 6 April. The following day, in company with and , Bingham pushed on toward the Marianas. She and her consorts reached Saipan on the morning of 10 April.
Braudel, The Perspective of the World, vol. III of Civilization and Capitalism (1979) 1984:126 The ships sailed in convoy, defended by archers and slingsmen (ballestieri) aboard, and later carrying cannons. In Genoa, the other major maritime power of the time, galleys and ships in general were more produced by smaller private ventures. A 3D model of the basic hull structure of a Venetian "galley of Flanders", a large trading vessel of the 15th century.
During World War II, Quadrant served with the British Eastern and British Pacific Fleets. Quadrant was engaged in convoy escort duties in the Arctic, South Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. She took part in the North African landings, aircraft carrier strikes against Surabaya and bombardment of the Nicobar Islands. She served with the British Pacific Fleet in 1945 where she took part in operations against Formosa (Taiwan), Okinawa, and the Japanese home islands.
She was built in 1801 to a design by P.C. Hohlenberg as the 460-ton Danish 22-gun let fregat (light frigate or corvette) Lillebælt. She was among the vessels that the British seized after the Battle of Copenhagen on 7 September 1807.Paine et al. (1997), p.96. She then sailed in convoy with the to Britain, arriving on 24 October at Woolwich. She was fitted there until 14 May 1809.
The volunteers and their cars arrived in Le Havre on 22 August aboard SS Gloucester Castle. They drove in convoy as far as Amiens where they met Major-General Frederick Robb, the Inspector-General of Lines of Communications. The volunteers were appointed to various corps and divisional headquarters of the BEF, while 6 of them were selected to go to the BEF's General Headquarters which were then located at Le Cateau.Rawlinson p.
Late-night start times allowed participants unfamiliar with London geography to follow in convoy. Since forming, The London Tunnel Runners have visited areas such as Wales, the south coast of England and as far as Paris. Route and logistical information is often provided by the organisers, themselves enthusiasts. Due to the size and nature of the group, traffic jams have been known to occur due to passers-by trying to take photographs.
In October Icefish and Drum together sank 26,901 tons of enemy shipping in "Convoy College", code name for the area extending across the East China Sea from Luzon Strait to Formosa and the coast of China. Icefish sank a 4,000-ton cargo vessel on 23 October and on 26 October she was credited with sinking a transport of 10,000 tons. She terminated her first war patrol at Majuro, Marshall Islands, 13 November.
The ship arrived at Honolulu on Washington's Birthday and disembarked 835 men and 68 officers before embarking more westward-bound passengers, both military and civilian. She sailed for the Marshalls in convoy PD-312T. Touching briefly at Eniwetok, Bland resumed her voyage on 13 March in company with an Eniwetok-to- Guam convoy. Reaching Apra Harbor on the 13th, she embarked casualties from the invasion of Iwo Jima before heading to Hawaii alone.
The schooner was apparently armed with some guns. Most of these were dismounted from the schooner and used to arm several small gunboats patrolling the Detroit River. At some later date, Nancy received two guns and two carronades. On 30 July 1812, Nancy sailed to Fort Erie in convoy with the new Provincial Marine schooner , returning with military supplies and 60 men of the 41st Regiment who then participated in the Siege of Detroit.
After working up, Candytuft was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. Candytuft was involved in one convoy battle. In December 1940, she was part of the escort to convoy OG 46, during which two ships were sunk.
After several weeks of working up, Barcoo was tasked to New Guinea in March 1944 for convoy escort duty. Barcoo and the corvette shelled Japanese positions on Kar Kar Island and at Banabun Harbour. From June to August, the frigate was heavily involved in convoy escort and troop transport duties. On 28 August, Barcoo rescued two United States Army Air Force pilots who had been forced to ditch their P-47 Thunderbolts at sea.
These sweeps became known rather euphemistically as "The Club Runs".Connell, 1976, p. 131 Petard and her consorts were still involved in convoy escort work. On one occasion, their convoy was attacked by six Ju 87 (Stuka) dive bombers escorted by Bf 109 fighters. As the Stukas came out of the sun in a near vertical dive, the four-inch high-angle guns put out a barrage, firing up to 22 rounds a minute.
He was first assigned to PS Bournemouth Queen, a converted excursion ship fitted for anti- aircraft guns, on duty off the coasts of England and Scotland. Beginning in 1943, he served on , a Dido-class light cruiser. There he saw action in 1943 in the Atlantic theatre, on two Arctic convoys and escorting aircraft carrier groups in operations against and other targets off the Norwegian coast. He took part in Convoy PQ 17 on Royalist.
Canadian Pacific "Empress" and "Duchess" ships sailed in numerous Freetown and Mediterranean convoys. Duchess of Richmond sailed with Stratheden in nine convoys between 1942 and 1945. On 18 February 1945 Stratheden left Liverpool carrying 4,252 troops in Convoy KMF 40, whose largest troop ships were Britannic and Stirling Castle. KMF 40 took her as far as Gibraltar, from there she continued unescorted through the Mediterranean, Suez Canal and Indian Ocean, reaching Bombay on 12 March.
Barker left Plymouth for Bengal on 17 July 1803. The Napoleonic Wars had broken out after the one-year Peace of Amiens, so her required a new letter of marque, which he had received on 20 June 1803. Northampton left Plymouth on 17 July, reached Rio de Janeiro on 23 September. On 16 October she was three days out of Rio and in convoy with Lord Melville, , Princess Mary, Anna, Ann, Glory, and Essex.
All torpedoes were readied and, at 1946, she commenced her approach. A minute later, she sighted another, closer formation of four destroyers, distance , plus the dim outlines of three large ships resembling transports, distance three miles (5500 m) , on a northerly course. (It would turn out there were fifteen transports in convoy.)Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory (Lippincott, 1975), p.177. At 1951, S-37 changed course to go after the transports.
At staging areas throughout the western Pacific ships such as Haskell loaded troops and made practice landings prior to the actual assault. After exercises at Japen Island, Haskell departed in convoy for the Philippines 4 January 1945. A part of Rear Admiral Conolly's reinforcement echelon, Haskell and the other transports arrived off Lingayen Gulf 11 January 2 days after the initial landings. Haskell's group escaped attack while sailing the treacherous route through the Philippines.
When the Second World War broke out, Hopestar was at Bunbury, Western Australia. She sailed that day for London, which was reached on 28 November 1939 via Fremantle, Durban, Cape Town, Freetown and Belfast. During 1940, she crossed the Atlantic Ocean three times in the first six months, mostly sailing independently but sometimes in convoy. On 9 January 1940, Hopestar came under attack in the North Sea off Cromer from a U-boat.
Departing Midway on 27 October, Tinosa headed for the Palau-Truk sea lanes. On 22 November, she sighted two cargo ships and two small escort craft steaming in convoy. The submarine fired six torpedoes, scoring hits on both cargo ships. The entire action took only five minutes and left her between two mortally stricken ships, her position clearly marked by torpedo wakes leading out ahead and astern—a perfect fix for the enemy escorts.
The French, reduced to one soldier per vehicle due to troop numbers, were ambushed by automatic fire. The first twenty trucks were halted, as were the final ten, and the middle of the convoy was cut down by shellfire. The following day, French troops reoccupied the surrounded hilltops, however only four French wounded were found alive. The campaign at Cao Bằng resulted in a change in convoy practices for the remainder of the war.
To make the event even tougher for the tiny cars and their drivers, it was run almost non-stop. The cars left Liège at 17.30 on Thursday, July 17, 1958 and drove in convoy to Spa. There they lined up to start from 21.00 that evening. They would not rest until Saturday morning, when they were due to arrive in Brescia, Italy (having driven 1970 km via Ljubljana in Slovenia) at 09.50.
Chinaberry sailed from New York City 24 June 1944 in a convoy bound for Belfast, Northern Ireland, arriving 10 July. She operated as net tender in European waters, principally off the coast of France until 12 December, when she cleared Plymouth, England in convoy for Charleston, South Carolina, arriving 6 February 1945. After overhaul she sailed 26 March for Narragansett Bay to conduct experimental net operations and to train pre-commissioning crews for net tenders.
The NZEF was originally destined for France for service on the Western Front. After the Turks entered the war and were perceived to be a threat to the Suez Canal, the NZEF and the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), traveling in convoy, were diverted to the Middle East. Now based in Egypt, the NZEF carried out intensive preparations for active service. Russell oversaw the training of his brigade in shooting, tactics, map reading and navigation.
The few that escaped the combat air patrols were either shot down or driven off by accurate antiaircraft fire. Manila Bay helped down three of the raiders and her fighters knocked out two more. After recovering her planes on 16 December, she sailed in convoy via Surigao Strait and reached Kossol on 19 December. After a trip to Manus, Manila Bay sortied New Year's Day 1945 with ships of the Luzon Attack Force.
Following additional amphibious training, James O'Hara departed in convoy 12 August and reached Guadalcanal the 24th. On 8 September she sailed for the Palau invasion, aimed at securing air bases prior to the scheduled invasion of the Philippines. She closed the Palaus 15 September, and 2 days later, debarked troops during the amphibious assault against Angaur Island. She remained off the Palaus until 23 September when she sailed for the Admiralties, arriving Manus 27 September.
After the cessation of hostilities, the veteran transport departed 25 August and carried troops via Eniwetok to the Philippines. Arriving Manila Bay, Luzon, 17 September, she operated along the Luzon coast until 1 October when she departed Lingayen Gulf for Japan. Steaming in convoy, she reached Wakayama, Honshū, 7 October and debarked occupation troops. She departed Nagoya, Honshū, 28 October, embarked returning veterans at Tinian 3 November; and sailed for San Francisco 5 November.
During World War II Warwick served as a convoy escort, being too out-dated for modern destroyer work. In September 1939 was allocated to the 11th Destroyer Flotilla. In February 1940 she was deployed to the Western Approaches Escort Force for Atlantic convoy defence. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors.
After replenishing at Eniwetok, she sailed back to the Marianas to support the invasions of Guam and Tinian. On 20 August she proceeded from Eniwetok in convoy to Manus, to refuel ships moving against the Japanese in the Philippines, Volcano, Bonin, and Palau Islands. In mid October, she began to operate in support of the U.S. 3rd Fleet, providing the fuel for their strikes on the Visayan Islands and the ensuing Battle for Leyte Gulf.
Returning safely to Pearl Harbor on 25 April after the successful mission, she escorted an Army tug to Canton Island and returned to San Francisco for needed repairs. The destroyer made two voyages along the west coast and escorted three convoys to Pearl Harbor before 12 November when she joined TF 11 for duty in the Solomon Islands. The rest of the year was spent in convoy and patrol among the islands.
Nymphe has just rescued the escaped prisoner-of- war, Lieutenant Charles Fielding. Maturin removes a bullet from the brave and jealous man. He hears the rumour of Aubrey's liaison with his wife and refuses to return to Malta on Surprise, challenging Aubrey to a duel when they next meet on land. On the return journey Captain Dundas, on HMS Edinburgh, tells Aubrey of a French privateer, which Aubrey then captures with Dryad in convoy.
On July 29 Japanese military officials prevented Japanese cargo for the United States to be loaded aboard Dona Nati in Shanghai, China, in the first Japanese retaliation for the United States' freezing trade with Japan on July 25, 1941. } On November 17, 1941, the ship left Hawaii in convoy with other vessels bound for Guam and the Philippines escorted by the cruiser USS Boise (CL-47), arriving in Manila on December 4, 1941.
At that period, Anglo-American naval operations frequently were mounted in an attempt to lure Tirpitz out of her snowy Norwegian lair. One such attempt, Convoy PQ 17, resulted in disaster in June 1942. The following two months found Tuscaloosa still active in convoy covering and escorting assignments. In mid-August, Tuscaloosa received orders to carry supplies—including aircraft torpedoes, army ammunition, and medical equipment—to Northern Russia, via the Arctic Ocean.
On 12 May 1944, she was arrested by the Gestapo in a roundup in Néris-les-Bains and was interned in Vichy, France. She was transferred on 26 May 1944 to the camp near Drancy and received registration number 23255. Despite her advanced age (about 86), she was reportedly a model of energy, confidence and strength. On 30 May 1944, she was deported to the German concentration camp Auschwitz in convoy number 75.
Many English ships traveled in convoy with an armed Naval vessel on their journey around the English coast. In May 1781 a French Privateer, an armed Lugger Defiance under the command of Lieutenant Louis Le Ture with 45 men onboard was chased from Mullion Island by a Naval Vessel, under the charge of a Captain Curlyon placed there for the purpose by the Admiralty. The chase lasted for 14 hours before it was captured.
An account by Cesar Poropat, chief engineer aboard , another blockship dispatched from Boston, mentions that transverse bulkheads aboard that ship were cut open to facilitate sinking. This webpage consists of excerpts from Cesar Poropat's privately published 2000 book, Beyond the Palisades. West Cheswald departed Boston on 10 March and arrived at Halifax two days later. Departing from that port on 29 March, she sailed in Convoy SC-156 and arrived at Swansea on 14 April.
In May 1944 Sunflower was nominated for service in Force L for the Normandy Landings, code name Operation Neptune. She was assigned as part of Escort Group 154 with HM Corvettes Sweetbriar K209 and Oxlip K123.HMS Sweetbriar was a sister-ship from Smith’s Dock. They were employed in convoy defence during the build-up operations in the English Chanel and then retained in the Channel for convoy defence after termination of Neptune.
In November, at the request of the Organization of American States (OAS), Hammerberg and other American ships patrolled offshore the Dominican Republic to help ensure the orderly change over of that government and check Communist influence. Hammerberg returned to Newport 1 December. During 1962, Hammerberg participated in convoy escort operations and operated with the Fleet Sonar School in Key West. On 7 November, Hammerberg was en route south to NS Mayport, Fla.
On 21 May 1918, Wakiva II steamed in convoy with a group of eight ships on the port flank, heading eastward from the French coast. As fog set in shortly after sunset, speed was reduced. The ships crept along with Wakiva II taking station on the freighter . Zigzagging ceased with the onset of the murky weather, and Noma sent a message to the convoy commodore, in the U.S. Army transport , to this effect.
After the merchant ship sank at 0142, Marchand directed her course for New York, where the survivors were debarked 1 March. On 6 April Marchand again sailed in convoy from New York for Northern Ireland, arriving Lisahally 17 April. She returned to New York 3 May. From 21 May 1944 to 11 June 1945, she made nine more round trips escorting convoys from New York or Boston, Massachusetts, to United Kingdom ports.
Harry Lee was next to take part in the invasion of the Marianas. After landing operations conducted around Guadalcanal the ship sailed to Kwajalein and got underway in convoy for Guam 12 June. During this gigantic operation, in which troops were projected over 1,000 miles of ocean from the nearest advance base, Harry Lee was held in reserve for the Guam landings. She arrived off Agat, Guam, 21 July 1944 and debarked her troops.
Hood was relieved as flagship of Force H by Renown on 10 August, after returning to Scapa Flow. On 13 September, after a short refit, she was sent to Rosyth along with the battleships and and other ships, to be in a better position to intercept a German invasion fleet. When the threat of an invasion diminished, the ship resumed her previous roles in convoy escort and patrolling against German commerce raiders. Twice, Hood was dispatched against enemy warships.
After commissioning in April 1943, Tweed participated in anti- submarine warfare exercises off Lough Foyle and served in convoy escort missions. In late September 1943, Tweed rammed a U-boat. Tweed was part of the escort group which sunk on 20 November 1943. At 17:11 on 7 January 1944, Tweed, serving as part of the 5th Escort Group was hit by a GNAT torpedo fired by about 600 miles west of Cape Ortegal in the Atlantic Ocean.
An attempt by Italian forces to intercept the ships led to the Battle of Cape Spartivento, after which Clan Fraser and her sister continued on to Malta. Clan Fraser and Clan Forbes returned to Gibraltar in Convoy MG 1, and Fraser continued to the Clyde under escort. She then resumed independent sailing, first to South Africa and then via the Indian Ocean to Aden. There she joined Convoy BN 21 to Suez carrying a cargo of stores.
Piracy is very real in the international waters of weak and failed states, such as Somalia. FID personnel may gather intelligence on pirate locations, and transmit this to warships able to intercept the pirate vessels. When pirates are active, providing FID supplies by water is impractical unless the transport vessels are armed, or travel in convoy. Piracy also may feed into security violations at ports, and as a means by which terrorists transport personnel and materials.
After shakedown in the Gulf of Mexico, LST-859 departed New Orleans on 17 February for the Pacific. Steaming via San Diego and San Francisco, she reached Pearl Harbor on 31 March and during the next six weeks took part in amphibious training. Between 12 and 24 May she steamed to Seattle, Washington, where she embarked Army troops, thence returned to Pearl Harbor on 20 June. Three days later she sailed in convoy for the western Pacific.
Netherlands, Utrecht, gold ducat 1724, recovered from the VOC shipwreck 'Akerendam'. Akerendam was a ship of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), built in 1724. On 19 January 1725, the Akerendam left in convoy with two other ships, heading for Batavia with a crew of 200 people and 19 chests of gold and silver on board. On 8 March 1725 the Akerendam drifted in a snow storm and sank near the cliffs of Runde island (Norwegian west coast).
Following shakedown the newly designated flagship of LST Group 99 departed New York 11 May 1945, in convoy for the Western Pacific. Three months later, having transited the Panama Canal, LST–1066 reached Leyte, Philippines via the Marshall and Caroline Islands. After transferring ammunition to fleet ships, she sailed 18 October, from Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, on the first of two voyages transporting elements of the 6th Army to the Japanese home islands of Honshū and Shikoku for occupation duty.
Departing Okinawa 9 April, Menard steamed in convoy via the Marianas and the Marshalls to Pearl Harbor where she arrived on the 25th. After conducting training operations in preparation for possible invasion of the Japanese mainland, she steamed to San Francisco between 11 and 18 May. She embarked 1,101 troop reinforcements on the 29th and the following day cleared the Golden Gate en route to the Philippines. She reached Samar 23 June and discharged her troops.
After working up, Calendula was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking German U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. Calendula was involved in two major convoy battles. In September 1940 she was part of the escort to convoy HX 72, during which 11 ships were sunk.
In April 1918 she was ordered to the Mediterranean, where she was employed in convoy and anti-submarine work. Based at Brindisi, Italy, she participated in the attempted blockade of Austro-Hungarian submarines in the Adriatic. In October 1918 she took part in the bombardment of Durazzo (now Durrës, Albania). When the Ottoman Empire signed the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, Beaver ferried troops to the Dardanelles and entered the Sea of Marmara before proceeding to Constantinople.
After steaming to Norfolk, Virginia, 16 to 17 April for shakedown, Lamar embarked 1,621 U.S. Marines, and departed 13 May for the Pacific Ocean. The attack transport reached Pearl Harbor 1 June, sailed for the U.S. West Coast 5 June, visited San Diego, and Seattle, Washington, and arrived Pearl Harbor 26 June to deploy troops to the Marianas. Departing in convoy 1 July, she steamed via Eniwetok to Guam, where she debarked 1,445 troops 21 July.
From 14 to 20 October she sailed in convoy to Leyte Gulf for the long- awaited reconquest of the Philippines. While debarking assault troops and unloading cargo at Dulag under cover of smoke, she fought off enemy air attacks, and on the 21st splashed a Japanese bomber. That day Lamar sailed for Hollandia, New Guinea; arrived Hollandia 26 October; embarked troops at Biak and Mios Woendi; and returned to Leyte Gulf 18 November with reinforcements and cargo.
The convoy arrived at Jinsen on 8 September, and the occupation troops were joyfully received by the Koreans. Arcturus returned to Okinawa to load more cargo and troops but had to steam seaward to avoid a typhoon. Finally, on 19 September, she was again loaded with Marines and vehicles in convoy to Tientsin, China, where she anchored on 30 September. Arcturus ferried troops and equipment from Manila and Zamboanga in the Philippine Islands to China before receiving orders stateside.
Tsushima Maru was an unmarked Japanese cargo ship sunk by Bowfin between 22:00 and 22:30 local time on 22 August 1944 as the ship was carrying hundreds of schoolchildren from Okinawa to Kagoshima. Attacked while in convoy, Tsushima Maru sank close to the island of Akusekijima. About 1,484 civilians, including 767 schoolchildren, were killed; 59 children survived the sinking. On her sixth patrol, Bowfin destroyed a pier at Minami Daito that contained a crane and a bus.
On 17 October 1943 Stratheden left Port Said for the Clyde in Convoy MKF 25, whose larger troop ships included Britannic, Stirling Castle, the "Strath" liner Strathaird and the Italian . Next Stratheden joined Convoy KMF 27, which took at least 22,372 troops from Britain to Egypt. 4,600 of them sailed aboard Stratheden. KMF's larger troop ships included Strathaird, Maloja, Orontes, Otranto and . KMF 27 passed Gibraltar around Christmas Day 1943 and reached Port Said on 30 December.
In Liverpool Stratheden was fitted with additional anti- aircraft guns. In October 1942 she took part in a troop landing exercise off the Isle of Mull. Her next mission was Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of Vichy French North Africa. On 1 November 1942 carrying 3,646 troops she left the Clyde for Algiers in Convoy KMF 2, whose 13 troop ships included Strathmore, Empress of Canada, Duchess of Richmond and three US Moore- McCormack liners , and Uruguay.
Haskins to report: "The Commanding Officer never wishes to hit an ammunition ship any closer than that one." The Two vessels sunk were the Pacific Maru and the "Kamei Maru" U boat forum She teamed up with Bream and 4 November to sink passenger-cargo ship Kagu Maru. After Bream's initial attack, Guitarro added four hits before diving to avoid escort vessels. Remaining off western Luzon, Guitarro and her wolf pack next encountered heavy cruiser Kumano in convoy.
Some of the crew from the Norwegian merchant ship MV Talabot. The messroom girl Margit Johnsen from Ålesund in centre, receiving British Empire Medal from Rear Admiral J.S.M. Ritchie. Margit Johnsen Godø, , nicknamed Malta- Margit, (31 January 1913 – 20 July 1987) was a Norwegian sailor in the merchant navy. For her service on a merchant vessel in convoy to Malta in 1942 she was awarded the St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch and several other gallantry decorations.
Some units ordered the first aid kits and radios removed from all their Fw 190s to allow them into the fuselage to escape with the airmen. The wing retreated to Danzig by mid-February 1945. Before it began to convert on the jet fighters, I Gruppe was mainly involved in convoy escort and ground-attack operations in support of the Kriegsmarine's Operation Hannibal. Elements of JG 1 began converting to jet fighters in February and March 1945. 3.
Grundy departed in convoy for battle- scarred Okinawa 10 July, and after her arrival 4 days later unloaded her troops and cargo. She then sailed to Ulithi and Peleliu to bring troops from those islands to Guam, where she arrived 31 July. Grundy remained there until 2 August when she got underway for Pearl Harbor, unloading her supplies upon arrival 10 August. The war ended while Grundy was on her way to San Diego, where she arrived 19 August.
Milner 1985 p.68 Kenogami commenced firing on a surfaced U-boat without benefit of star shell or flashless powder, and quickly lost contact as the crew lost their night-vision in the flash of gunfire. The convoy made two emergency turns over the next half-hour as ships in convoy reported sighting three more surfaced U-boats.Milner 1985 pp.68-9 Another emergency convoy turn ninety minutes later caught Skeena pursuing a contact at speed.
After sea trials Loch Killisport was commissioned in July 1945, sailing for the Far East to serve with the Eastern Fleet in August. In September she sailed from Aden in convoy to Cochin, then to Colombo in October. Based at Singapore for escort duty and support of military operations in Java and Sumatra, she escorted vessels carrying former prisoners of war and civilian internees for repatriation. Prince Philip was an officer on board at that time.
An agreement with Abbas was to have been reached to stop Abbas's call for new elections. On 20 October 2006, on the eve of this deal to end factional fighting between Fatah and Hamas, Haniyeh's convoy came under gunfire in Gaza and one of the cars was set on fire."Haniya unhurt in convoy shooting", BBC, 20 October 2006 Haniyeh was not hurt in the attack. Hamas sources said that this was not an assassination attempt.
He took part in convoy duty in the Battle of the Atlantic, as well as in the Battle of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Luzon. Hyland graduated from University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1949 and was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in the same year. He became involved in Democratic politics in Camden County, and was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1954. He served as Speaker of the Assembly in 1958.
John Knoxs older brother was christened James Brotherston Laughton. John Knox's Whos Who entry describes his father as 'master mariner and in times of war captain of a privateer'. Also, W.Begg replaced Harrison as owner. On 5 December 1812 Laughton acquired a letter of marque against America for Fanny.1812 letters of Marque (National Archives) Fanny sailed from Falmouth 26 August 1813 to Rio de Janeiro in convoy with about 30 other vessels and a Royal Navy escort.
After shakedown, Pavo loaded cargo at San Diego, California, and sailed for Hawaii. She reached Pearl Harbor 28 February; and, following a month's training, she sailed for the Central Pacific in convoy 21 March. She arrived Majuro, Marshalls, ten days later and began extensive cargo shuttle operations which, for the next nine months, sent her throughout the Central Pacific. After completing runs to Kwajalein and Roi, she transported men and supplies to Tarawa, Gilberts, early in May.
From there she continued unescorted via Cape Town and Freetown and reached Liverpool on 22 February. , which sailed with Duchess of Atholl in Convoy WS 7 in 1941 and Convoy WS 21P in 1942 On 21 March 1941 Duchess of Atholl again left Liverpool for Egypt. She sailed via Freetown to Cape Town with Convoy WS 7, which happened to include her sister ship Duchess of York. Duchess of Atholl then continued unescorted, reaching Suez on 6 May 1941.
Kapitänleutnant von Forstner would receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his work in U-402 during this convoy and in Convoy SC 118 on the next patrol. U-522 torpedoed the Greek freighter Mount Pelion and British freighters Hartington and Maratima. During the melee, merchant ships avoided two torpedoes launched by , three from , and four from ; while Arvida avoided damage from machine-gun fire by several merchant ships who thought she might be a U-boat.
After working up, Periwinkle was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In 23 months service Periwinkle escorted 41 North Atlantic, 10 Gibraltar and 10 South Atlantic convoysPeriwinkle: convoy movements at naval-history.net; retrieved 18 July 2020 Periwinkle: convoy assignments at convoyweb.org.
She remained at Fedala during the next few days and escaped damage from two German submarine attacks on 11–12 November, although three torpedoes on the 11th passed within of her. These attacks by and sank four U.S. ships and damaged two others. From 12–15 November, she steamed in convoy to Casablanca. After loading mines from , she joined Monadnock and Terror and on the 16th extended the Fedala minefield along the Moroccan coast to Casablanca.
After working up, Larkspur was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In 14 months service Larkspur escorted 10 North Atlantic, one South Atlantic and five Gibraltar convoys Larkspur: convoy movements at naval-history.net; retrieved 18 July 2020Larkspur: convoy assignments at convoyweb.org.
Following her shakedown cruise in Chesapeake Bay, General W. H. Gordon proceeded to Boston and sailed 5 September in convoy for France. She arrived Cherbourg with troop reinforcements 15 September and returned to New York via Plymouth 30 September 1944. Subsequently, the transport made 12 voyages to various European and African ports in support of the accelerating Allied effort against the Axis. She carried supplies, troops, and took large numbers of German prisoners of war to the United States.
On 28 August 1958 Piedmont steamed to Kaohsiung, Taiwan, to tend 7th Fleet units engaged in convoy and patrol duty in the Taiwan Straits to prevent Communist capture of the off-shore island of Quemoy. After returning to Yokosuka via Hong Kong, Piedmont steamed for San Diego 12 January 1959. Between 1960 and 1962 Piedmont made two more cruises to WestPac. She received a Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization overhaul at Long Beach, California, completed 31 January 1963.
When World War I broke out, General Thompson was 52, two years above the age for a field appointment. Instead he was put in charge of the largest training camp in Queensland at the Exhibition Grounds, Brisbane. He also spent 18 months commanding troops at sea in convoy work and sea transport. Before the outbreak of World War II he was retired with the rank of Brigadier General, only participating in ceremonial events from then on.
After working up, Heliotrope was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In 18 months service Heliotrope escorted 18 North Atlantic, eight Gibraltar and four South Atlantic convoys,Heliotrope: convoy movements at naval-history.net; retrieved 19 July 2020 Heliotrope: convoy assignments at convoyweb.org.
280, Jan09 During World War II it served under the Royal Air Force as a unit in exile operating in the middle east. Participating in convoy protection, bomber escort, and ground attack roles. Significant battles which the squadron was involved with include the Second Battle of El Alamein, and the Italian campaign. In November the Greek squadrons returned to liberated Greece, where they were engaged in operations against the remaining German garrisons in the Aegean islands and Crete.
Sailing 26 January 1945, she reached Guadalcanal 11 February and for more than a month trained for the invasion of Okinawa. She departed Ulithi, Carolines, in convoy 27 March; arrived off Hagushi 1 April; then debarked troops and unloaded cargo before departing 5 April. Steaming via Saipan and Pearl Harbor, she arrived San Francisco 9 May. After conversion to a transport squadron and relief amphibious force flagship, she transported 1,200 Seabees to Pearl Harbor from 21 to 27 July.
Leaving the same day, she crossed the South Atlantic and headed for Paramaribo, Suriname. Samuel Huntington, the namesake of SS Samuel Huntington Samuel Huntington arrived at Paramaribo on 27 November, and sailed three days later for Trinidad. After arriving at that Caribbean port on 1 December, the Huntington waited for a week before sailing in convoy TAG-27 to Guantanamo Bay with 12 other ships. Another steamer, the American F. Q. Barstow joined the convoy from Curaçao.
Only Exterminator could be salvaged. No crewmen were lost from Exterminator, Hybert and Rodina; but one crewman died abandoning Hefron, five drowned when John Randolph broke in two, and Massmar sank with 17 merchant seamen, 5 Naval Armed Guards, and 26 survivors she was carrying from the sinking of Alamar in convoy PQ 16. Surviving ships destined for Reykjavík were escorted into port on 7 July by a local escort of naval trawlers Saint Elstan and Lady Madeleine.
The following day, she departed Tokyo Bay in company with TransRon 24 and set her course for Guam. She arrived at Apra Harbor on the 23rd, loaded cargo of the 3rd Marines, 6th Marine Division and, on the 30th, set her course in convoy for China. On 12 October, she moored at Tsingtao and began discharging cargo. Still in company with TransRon 24, she departed the Chinese coast on 17 October and anchored in Manila Bay on the 23rd.
The following months were spent in convoy and individual exercises developing ASW tactics. During September and October, the ship steamed to northern Europe to take part in NATO fall convoy exercises, after which she returned to Newport to prepare for the 1961 operation "Springboard". After a brief operation in the North Atlantic, Lester overhauled at Boston from September to 20 November, then cruised to Guantanamo Bay for refresher training. For the next two years, Lester continued similar operations.
In August 1915 with the amalgamation of the 7th and 9th Flotillas, she was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla when it was redeployed to Portsmouth in November 1916. She was equipped with depth charges for employment in anti-submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In spring 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties for the English Channel for the remainder of the war.
The money raised from private individuals was sufficient to build three new small gunboats (kanonjoller). With this, it was enough to maintain a force in Bergen and at the same time let some vessels go in convoy service along the coast to protect the trade. As for HMS Tartar, the ship sailed back to England and was repaired there. The ship participated in several actions along the Norwegian coast after this, then with new ship commander, Joseph Baker.
From there she made her way to Philadelphia on 3 October, and on to Sydney on 23 October. There she joined convoy SC 51 sailing for Holyhead and Manchester the same day with a cargo of grain, steel, and cotton. She arrived at Holyhead on 8 November, but departed for Liverpool three days later. After returning to Holyhead later in the month, Empire Cheetah sailed in convoy BB 106 to Barry, where she arrived on 1 December.
Stratagem then had her battery changed at Sheerness on 23 January. The boat conducted additional training exercises until 3 March, when she was sent south to Gibraltar, and arrived on 14 April. The submarine was now commanded by Lt. C. R. Pelly. Along with and , Stratagem sailed to Malta in convoy USG 38 and then continued independently to Port Said before transiting the Suez Canal with a stop at Aden and finally arriving at Trincomalee, Ceylon, on 27 May.
She sailed with a reduced crew in convoy OS 68/KMS 42 which departed Liverpool on 12 February and arrived at Gibraltar on 25 February. Nada then commenced escort duties in May, conducting a total of 17 convoy escorts between Gibraltar and Port Said, Egypt, to October. During her final escort of 1944, she was detached from convoy KMS 66 as her crew was not considered "politically reliable" because they were not aligned with Josip Broz Tito's Partisan forces.
Two events highlighted the ship's wartime convoy experiences. The first occurred during the beginning of what was to be the ship's third voyage to France. Aeolus, in convoy, departed Hoboken on 23 April 1918. Two days out, a steering gear casualty in the transport forced that ship to leave her assigned place in the formation. Aeolus, to avoid collision with Siboney, altered course radically, and in so doing struck the transport at about 21:00 hours, 25 April.
On the second patrol (11 September – 25 December 1941), Merten headed for the middle and southern Atlantic Ocean, the Ascension Island, to Saint Helena and Cape Verde.Busch & Röll 2003, p. 223. The patrol, taking U-68 into the South Atlantic, lasted 116 days and covered afloat and submerged. During the course of this patrol, he was able to sink four ship totaling . On 22 September 1941, Merten torpedoed his first ship the British Steamer sailing in convoy SL-87.
These leave Deanshanger in convoy at 8:16, and generally leave Buckingham (Via RLS) at about 15:45, arriving back at 16:00. The nearest railway station is Wolverton for services to London Euston railway station, Bletchley, Milton Keynes, Northampton, Birmingham and north. Milton Keynes railway station (on the same line) is the nearest station to give access to fast trains to London (40 minutes), intercity and cross-country services. There are several private hire taxi services.
After working up, Veronica was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role Veronica was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In twelve months service she escorted 19 Atlantic and 2 Gibraltar convoys, assisting in the safe passage of over 600 ships.Hague p She was involved in two major convoy battles.
After shakedown, Lakewood Victory departed San Francisco, California, 18 January 1945 loaded with a cargo of ammunition, booms, and aircraft. Steaming via Pearl Harbor and Eniwetok, she reached the Mariana Islands in convoy 19 February and supplied combat ships with shells and powder. Departing Saipan the 26th, she headed for Iwo Jima with Task Group 50.8. While the battle for Iwo Jima raged, she arrived the 28th and began supplying cruisers, destroyers, and landing craft with ammunition.
Later, after the United States entered the war, HX convoys began at New York. A total of 377 convoys ran in the campaign, conveying a total of about 20,000 ships. 38 convoys were attacked (about 10%), resulting in losses of 110 ships in convoy; a further 60 lost straggling, and 36 while detached or after dispersal, with losses from marine accident and other causes, for a total loss of 206 ships, or about 1% of the total.
Towed out to sea on 9 April, she underwent repairs at Pearl Harbor from 10 April to 27 July before resuming amphibious training. Carrying troops and cargo, LST-845 departed Pearl Harbor in convoy for Japan on 29 August. She arrived Sasebo on 22 September and supported occupation landings before sailing for the Philippines three days later. Steaming via Subic Bay, she reached Lingayen Gulf on 7 October to embark more occupation troops for transportation to Japan.
The oiler arrived at the Naval Operating Base (NOB), Trinidad, on 7 February and began dispensing fuel to warships operating in the vicinity. She remained there until 14 March at which time she put to sea, in convoy, for Aruba. Aucilla arrived at her destination on 16 March, took on a cargo of aviation gasoline, and departed Aruba on 17 March. After a stop at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the oiler arrived in Norfolk, Virginia, on 24 March.
Sources do not reveal Montanans movements over the next months, but on 1 August 1918, Montanan sailed in Convoy HB-8 with U.S. Navy cargo ships , , and 13 others for France. Escorted by armed yacht , destroyers and , and French cruiser , the convoy was west of its destination of Le Verdon-sur-Mer by the end of the day on 15 August. At sundown, shortly before 18:00, German submarine launched three torpedoes at Montanan.Crowell and Wilson, pp. 529–30.
In order to establish the reliability of logbook records, the researchers looked at readings taken where ships were in convoy or travelling in close company. These voyages often lasted several weeks, giving large samples. The research showed that there was a consistently high degree of correlation in recorded wind forces and recorded wind directions. On a number of occasions, the records showed small but persistent differences between absolute wind force records prepared on ships of different sizes.
On 8 June, Seid was engaged in conducting post-repair trials and in training. Collateral duties included training submarines and escorting carriers on training missions. During this time, from 4 to 23 July, Seid made one escort run from Pearl Harbor to Eniwetok and back. On 8 August, Seid was attached to the Pacific Fleet Service Force and proceeded in convoy to Eniwetok, where she was assigned to the Commander, 3rd Fleet for hunter-killer antisubmarine operations on the 16th.
Operating as a unit of Escort Division 78, Traw got underway on 6 October 1944 in Convoy UGF-15 bound for the Mediterranean. The destroyer escort entered the swept channel at Gibraltar on 17 October and, on 20 October, anchored in the harbor at Marseilles. After escorting a small convoy to North Africa, Traw departed Oran on 26 October with a convoy steaming westward for the United States. Late in the day on 16 November, she left the convoy protecting Solomons.
By late 1944, Vulcan was urgently required in the Pacific, and she accordingly departed the Mediterranean on 23 November 1944 in Convoy GUS-59. After voyage repairs at Norfolk which lasted into January 1945, the repair ship sailed for the South Pacific. Arriving at Guadalcanal on 9 February 1945, Vulcan operated successively out of Tulagi, Nouméa, and Ulithi for the remainder of the war. From Ulithi, Vulcan serviced the amphibious units which participated in the assault on the key island of Okinawa.
On 5 December 1941, Porter got underway from Pearl Harbor, escaping the Japanese attack by two days. She patrolled with cruisers and destroyers in Hawaiian waters before steaming in convoy 25 March 1942 for the west coast. She operated off the west coast with Task Force 1 (TF 1) for the next 4 months. Returning to Pearl Harbor in mid-August, she trained in Hawaiian waters until 16 October when she sortied with TF 16 and headed for the Solomon Islands.
In April 1941 Germany and Italy invaded Yugoslavia and Greece. After 10 days of fierce fighting the British Empire started to plan the evacuation of 60,000 troops from Greece. Slamat had been spending the month making shuttle trips between Suez and Port Sudan, but by 23 April she was in the Mediterranean Sea and on the 24th she was in Convoy AG 14 from Alexandria to Greece. When the convoy reached Greek waters, it split to reach different embarkation points.
In April 1943, Deloraine rescued 19 survivors from the torpedoed merchant ship Lydia M. Child. On 16 June 1943, Portmar and LST-469 were torpedoed and sunk by a Japanese submarine while travelling in Convoy GP55: the only two ships lost in the convoys Deloraine was attached to during her service history. In May 1944, Deloraine was redeployed to New Guinea waters for escort, patrol, and troop transport duties. She carried out bombardments in support of several Allied landings in New Guinea.
Commissioned into the United States Foreign Service in 1931, Elbrick was initially appointed Vice Consul in Panama, and then Southampton, England. He next served as Third Secretary at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, before transferring in that rank to Warsaw, Poland in 1937. In 1939, Elbrick followed the Polish government into exile after the invasion by the German Nazi army. While leaving Warsaw in convoy, the diplomatic convoy was strafed by German planes, and Elbrick had to leap to cover in a roadside ditch.
After working up, Arabis was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role Arabis was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. During this period she fought in several convoy battles. In September 1940 Arabis was part of the force escorting convoy OB 216, which lost four ships and in October with OB 229 which lost two.
Throughout the battles only two ships were sunk in convoy in the Atlantic while an air anti-submarine escort was present. Dönitz depended on the surface manoeuvreability of his U-boats to locate targets, assemble wolfpacks and the complicated business of positioning his forces ahead of a convoy for an attack. Allied air power determined where and when U-boats could move freely surfaced. It was the combination of convoy escorts and air power that made the Atlantic unsuitable for pack operations.
SS Alexander Kennedy (I) was a 1,315 GRT flatiron launched in June 1932 by the Burntisland Shipbuilding Company of Fife, Scotland. She was named after the electrical engineer Sir Alexander Kennedy (1847–1928), who held a consultancy contract with the LPC. On 22 February 1945 she was in convoy BTC-76 en route from Barry in South Wales to London when the Type VIIC/41 U-boat torpedoed and sank her southeast of Falmouth. 1 crew member was killed but 18 survived.
On 7 April Lauderdale sailed in convoy for the Ryukyus. She arrived off Hagushi, Okinawa, 11 April; despite frequent air alerts, she debarked all troops and unloaded cargo by 17 April. Between 18 April and 14 July she remained at Hagushi, where she served as receiving ship for uninjured survivors of ships that were damaged or sunk during the protracted, but successful, struggle for American control of the Ryukyus. She embarked survivors from more than 30 ships and landing craft.
After taking on salvage gear at New York, Extricate sailed from Norfolk, Virginia, 29 August 1943 in convoy for the Mediterranean. She called at Casablanca, Gibraltar, and Bizerte, before arriving at Naples, Italy, 16 October to serve as harbor fire fighting ship. Her first long struggle against fire was a successful three-day battle to save carrying highly flammable aviation gas. Extricate also fought a dock fire, and performed salvage work before leaving Naples 30 November for Palermo and Bari.
After torpedoed Viceroy of India towed the troopship, and when Viceroy sank the destroyer rescued 450 people On 12 November 1940 the Ministry of War Transport requisitioned Viceroy of India to be a troopship. She returned to the River Clyde for the conversion. In 1942 Viceroy of India sailed in Convoy KMF-1A carrying Allied troops from Britain to invade French North Africa in Operation Torch. Early on 11 November 1942 she was returning empty from Algiers bound for Gibraltar.
In the early 20th century, the dreadnought changed the balance of power in convoy battles. Steaming faster than merchant ships and firing at long ranges, a single battleship could destroy many ships in a convoy before the others could scatter over the horizon. To protect a convoy against a capital ship required providing it with an escort of another capital ship, at very high opportunity cost (i.e. potentially tying down multiple capital ships to defend different convoys against one opponent ship).
After being repaired, she remained in service between England and Normandy, making shuttle runs back and forth. She departed Falmouth, Cornwall, on 30 June, arriving at Seine Bay, France, on 1 July 1944, with Convoy ECM 19. She left Seine Bay, on 2 July, with Convoy FCM 21 which arrived back in Falmouth, 3 July 1944. She first sailed to Belfast, departing there on 11 May 1945, in Convoy ONS 50 and arrived at Norfolk, Virginia on 31 May 1945.
Her ashes were buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, beside Polina Osipenko's, on Red Square. She was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I Class. An American ship, Ironclad, (launched as Mystic in April 1919) that had taken part in Convoy PQ 17 was transferred to Russian ownership and renamed the SS Marina Raskova in June 1943. A street was named after her in Moscow and Kazan respectively, as well as a square in Moscow, some schools and Young Pioneer detachments.
On 15 November Menges steamed in convoy CU 47 from New York for Europe, arriving Plymouth, England on 26 November. She spent the next few months again on Atlantic convoy duty before joining , , and late in February 1945 to form the only hunter-killer group in the North Atlantic to be manned completely by Coast Guard personnel. On 18 March Menges assisted Lowe in sinking , their first target. She continued antisubmarine sweep and patrol operations until the German surrender on 7 May.
During World War II, LST-920 was first assigned to the European Theatre, sailing in convoy HXM 30. She was later reassigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and took part in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in June 1945. Following the war, she performed occupation duty and saw service in China until early March 1946. Upon her return to the United States, she was decommissioned on 8 July 1946, and struck from the Navy list on 14 March 1947.
Alchiba was assigned to the Naval Transportation Service and sailed to Charleston, South Carolina, for shakedown training. She then carried out training exercises along the East Coast through early October and sailed — via Quonset Point, Rhode Island — for Halifax, Nova Scotia, to take on cargo and personnel for transportation to Iceland. She departed Halifax on 22 October in convoy HX 156 and reached Reykjavík, Iceland, on 30 November. The vessel discharged cargo there before sailing back to the United States.
On 4 August 1945, Sherburne sailed for Lucena in Tayabas Bay, Luzon, for amphibious training of Army troops. This duty was abruptly terminated at mid-month by the Empire of Japanese capitulation. The ship immediately returned via Manila to Batangas Bay to load troops of the 1st Cavalry Division and the 11th Airborne Division for the occupation of the Tokyo region. Loading was completed on 24 August; and, on the following day, the ship was underway in convoy for Yokohama, Japan.
She transited the Panama Canal; made port calls at San Diego and San Francisco, California; then continued on to Nukualofa, Tongatapu. Algorab reached Nukualofa on 27 June; then retraced her course to San Francisco; and, upon her return, began a period of repairs. Algorab left San Francisco on 9 August bound via the Panama Canal for Norfolk. While conducting a tactical maneuver in convoy on 11 September, she collided with and suffered extensive damage in the forepart of the ship.
Hull returned to the Central Pacific after the Kiska operation, arriving Pearl Harbor 26 September 1943. She departed with the fleet 3 days later for strikes on Wake Island, and operated with escort carriers during diversionary strikes designed to mask the Navy's real objective—the Gilbert Islands. Hull bombarded Makin during this assault 20 November, and with the invasion well underway arrived in convoy at Pearl Harbor 7 December 1943. From there she returned to Oakland, California 21 December for amphibious exercises.
Discovery as a prison ship at Deptford Discovery put into St Helena in July 1795. There on 2 July 1795 Discovery and the brig Chatham captured a Dutch East Indiaman, Makassar, which sailed in, unaware that the newly established Batavian Republic was at war with Great Britain. Some prize money was due to be paid in November 1824. From there Vancouver and Discovery sailed in convoy with , the East Indiaman General Goddard, their prizes, and a large number of other East Indiamen.
During the next three months she supplied ships from cruisers to LSTs with a variety of ammunition which ranged from to . Despite numerous air alerts, her crew carried out the dangerous business of transferring ammunition to ships alongside. During an enemy air attack on 27 November, her 20 mm guns splashed a Japanese plane attacking the cargo ship from starboard. Between 27 January 1945 and 4 February, Murzim steamed in convoy to Manus where she replenished her holds with ammunition.
She unloaded cargo at X-5 until 7 November, at which point she shifted berths to X-11, mooring alongside Durham Wright at 09:47, that ship's place taken by another freighter, Joel Palmer, at 18:12. The following afternoon, 8 November 1944, Lynx got underway for San Francisco, taking station in Convoy PS 160T with the convoy commander in the transport , the C1–B troopship Cape Cleare, Gulf Caribbean, Permanente, and Duala', escorted by the frigate and the minesweeper .
From there, she sailed to Guadalcanal, in the Solomons, again in convoy, and reached her destination on the afternoon of 13 February. There the ship unloaded the marine amphibious tractors brought down from Kwajalein, and disembarked their crews. Proceeding thence to Nouméa, New Caledonia, for liberty, as well as firing and landing exercises, Almaack returned to Guadalcanal (Tulagi), and then to Funafuti, before she pushed on for Canton Island, and a stopover there to load "worn-out equipment" en route back to Hawaii.
Kingston p.81-82 In mid April 1590 ten ships of the company, some freighted for Venice, for Constantinople and to other parts of the Mediterranean met on their homeward course within the Straits of Gibraltar having escaped all danger thus far. As soon as they were all together they came into a tight convoy formation as they approached the Spanish-held waters. Two Flemish ships on their way back from the Mediterranean also joined them in convoy, partly for protection against pirates.
Osterley, in convoy, too reached the Cape on 21 July. She then sailed to Johanna, which she reached on 2 September. the convoy left Johanna on 21 or 22 September, but ran into an adverse monsoon that drove the vessels to the coast of Arabia, and especially the four Indiamen Asia, Latham, Locko, and Osterley were driven further, to Kissen Bay, near the Bab-el-Mandeb. The Indiamen were carrying the 2nd Battalion of the 42nd (Highland) Regiment of Foot.
Soviet ship Stary Bolshevik (, translated as Old Bolshevik) was a Soviet lumber steamship. It took part in several arctic convoys of World War II as a general-purpose cargo ship. For the heroic actions while taking part in Convoy PQ 16 the ship was awarded the Order of Lenin, its captain, first deputy for political matters, and helmsman were awarded Hero of the Soviet Union, and the whole crew were awarded various orders and medals. Рассказы о знаменитых кораблях, p.
Manila Bay had 14 men killed and 52 wounded, but by 10 January she resumed full duty in support of the Lingayen Gulf operations. In addition to providing air cover for the task force, her planes flew 104 sorties against targets in western Luzon. They gave effective close support for ground troops at Lingayen and San Fabian and bombed, rocketed, and strafed gun emplacements, buildings, truck convoys, and troop concentrations from Lingayen to Baguio. Manila Bay departed in convoy late on 17 January.
West Grama departed Boston on 25 March and arrived at Halifax two days later. Departing from that port on 29 March, she sailed in Convoy SC-156 and arrived at Barry Roads on 13 April, and by 7 May, she had arrived at Methil. West Gramas whereabouts and movements through early June are not recorded. Other ships that had been selected as blockships assembled in a "corncob" fleet at Oban, though it's not clear if West Grama did or not.
Her maiden voyage was from Hiroshima to Rabaul and return with convoy B-2 in January 1943. Mayasan Maru made a second voyage with convoy B-2 carrying IJA troops from Pusan to Rabaul in February. She then traveled to Palau in March, Rabaul in April, and Truk in May. She avoided damage while returning to Japan in convoy No. 4508 attacked by from May 9 through 11th, 1943; and completed a round trip from Japan to Singapore in June.
From then through the first half of 1944, she made runs in the Central Pacific carrying high- test aviation gasoline and lubricants to Palmyra Island, Canton, and Midway Island. Departing Pearl Harbor on 9 July, Wabash steamed in convoy for the Marshall Islands. Transferred to ServRon 10 upon her arrival at Eniwetok on 18 July, Wabash pumped gasoline and lubricants to station tanker YOG-185; tended small craft; and carried Marine Corps equipment to Roi Island before moving on to the Marianas.
Wabash departed New York City on 28 February, bound for France. After delivering her cargo of construction iron and ammunition at Pauillac, she returned to the United States on 22 April. She made four more voyages to St. Nazaire, France, and returned to New York City from her last run on 6 April 1919. During her second such trip, while in convoy on the foggy night of 22 May 1918, Wabash collided with the U.S. Navy patrol vessel , sinking her.
Emptied of her P-38 cargo, Santee departed Glasgow in convoy on 13 January and returned to Norfolk on 24 January. She stood out of Norfolk on 13 February with destroyer escort , transited the Panama Canal on 18–19 February and moored at San Diego, California, on 28 February. There, she embarked 300 Navy and Marine Corps personnel and 31 aircraft for delivery to Pearl Harbor. She also took on 24 Grumman F4F Wildcats and Grumman TBF Avengers as her own air group.
Dropping anchor on Leyte Gulf on the 25th, she remained off Leyte until 9 November rendering assistance to naval vessels and merchantmen damaged during the fighting and the typhoon winds which followed. Standing out in convoy from Leyte Gulf on 9 November, Lark, with in tow, steamed for Hollandia. There she resumed towing and salvage duties, operating in the New Guinea-Admiralties area until 16 October 1945. She then departed Manus for Majuro en route Pearl Harbor, arriving 9 November.
Empire Farmer left the convoy and put into Loch Ewe, arriving on 6 March. She then joined Convoy WN558A, which arrived at Methil on 8 March, where she joined Convoy FS1386, which arrived at Southend on 11 March. Empire Farmer departed from Southend on 12 June and spent the next five weeks sailing in convoy to and from the Seine Bay. She departed from the Seine Bay on 21 July with Convoy FTM44, which arrived at Southend on 22 July.
Cooper, pp. 6-7. Unloaded by 9 December, John W. Brown again left Naples empty on 10 December 1943 in a convoy which stopped for three days at Augusta and then proceeded to Bizerte, Tunisia, where it arrived on 16 December 1943. There she embarked six Free French officers and 305 Free French enlisted men, and loaded 958 tons of trucks, trailers, weapon carriers, ambulances, and cars. She then proceeded in convoy to Pozzuoli Bay, Italy, arriving there on 26 December 1943.
In March 1943 she sailed from Bombay in Convoy BA 40 to Aden and then independently to Suez, where she passed through the canal on 6–7 April. For the remainder of her career Rohna supported the North African Campaign, the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy. Until the beginning of July she ran independently between Alexandria, Tripoli and Sfax. From then on she sailed mostly in convoys, working between Alexandria, Malta, Tripoli, Augusta, Port Said, Bizerta and Oran.
The British Army placed an order for 2,500 units, but high production costs and poor cross-country performance led to cancellation of the order with only 27 being delivered to North Africa. The T18 was never used widely in combat; however, a number were made use of by defending bases of operation in North Africa, with a few even taking part in convoy operations. There are accounts that a limited few were refitted for special duties in the rear echelon as well.
With the amalgamation of the 7th and 9th Flotillas in August 1915, she was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla when it was redeployed to Portsmouth in November 1916. She was equipped with depth charges for employment in anti-submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In the spring of 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties for the English Channel for the remainder of the war.
In August 1915 with the amalgamation of the 7th and 9th Flotillas, she was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla when it was redeployed to Portsmouth in November 1916. She was equipped with depth charges for employment in anti-submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In the spring of 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties for the English Channel for the remainder of the war.
In August 1915 with the amalgamation of the 7th and 9th Flotillas, she was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla when it was redeployed to Portsmouth in November 1916. She was equipped with depth charges for employment in anti- submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In the spring of 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties in the English Channel for the remainder of the war.
The master, 61 crew members and 34 service personnel died. 201 crew members, 29 gunners and five naval and 131 service personnel were rescued by , , , and the British . The latter ship had been in Convoy KMF-1 for Operation Torch (the invasion of North Africa). On 19 November 1942, U-413 was attacked by a British Lockheed Hudson aircraft with five bombs and was damaged so severely that she had to return to a new base - Brest in occupied France.
Gooseberry line of ship used as artificial harbour breakwater in June of 1944 Mulberry artificial harbour in Normandy on September 1944, used to block the incoming wave West Nohno departed Boston on 24 February and arrived at Halifax two days later. Departing from that port on 29 February, she sailed in Convoy HX-281 and arrived at Milford Haven on 15 March. She departed there for Portsmouth the same day. West Nohnos whereabouts and movements through early June are not recorded.
On 24 September, U-37 departed Lorient on Victor Oehrn's fourth patrol, in which he would sail to the North Atlantic. During this month-long operation U-37 sank six ships, four of which were in convoy at the time of attack, all of which were British. Five of these six ships were sailing under the British flag, while the sixth was from Egypt. The British ship Corrientes was sunk as part of OB-217, sailing from Liverpool to North America.
After over a month in port, U-37 departed with a new captain, Oberleutnant zur See Asmus Nicolai Clausen on 28 November for operations around north-west Africa and Spain. Seven ships were sunk during this patrol; two French, two Swedish, two British and one Spanish. Of these seven ships, three were in convoy at the time of their sinking. The Swedish Gwalia and Daphne and the British Jeanne M were sailing as part of convoy OG 46 from Britain to Gibraltar.
The two warships entered the lagoon at Ulithi on the 11th, and Weehawken began duty as a tender for motor minesweepers. Almost a month later on 5 April, the minelayer exited the anchorage at Ulithi in convoy with , , and . The convoy passed Okinawa during the mid-morning hours of 10 April and anchored in Kerama Retto just before 1400. Weehawken immediately began providing logistic support, tender, and other services to the minesweeping units operating in the 10-day-old occupation of Okinawa.
There are records that indicate she traveled from Oran, Algeria, joining Convoy MKS 46 sometime after 9 April 1944, arriving in Gibraltar on 21 April 1944. She departed Gibraltar on 22 April 1944, with Convoy MKS 46G to rendezvous with Convoy SL 155 on April 23 1944, arriving in Liverpool on 3 May 1944. She participated in the Normandy invasion, June 1944. She sailed from St. Helen's Roads, 21 March 1945, arriving in Le Havre, the same day, in Convoy WVL 109.
The second incident, which led to the cancellation of the program, occurred 17 September 1940, when the evacuation ship (Ellerman Lines) carrying 90 children bound for homes in Canada, was torpedoed and sunk. Patricia Allen and Michael Brooker were on board. She had left Liverpool on 13 September for Quebec and Montreal. She was in convoy OB 213 with 19 other ships and was 253 miles west-southwest of Rockall, with the Atlantic weather getting worse and the ship sailing slowly.
Three weeks and a day after Germany's unconditional surrender, Jacob Jones departed Southampton, England, and steamed in convoy for the United States. She put into New York 8 June 1945 and entered the Brooklyn Navy Yard for overdue repairs and overhaul. On 30 June she departed for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for two weeks of ASW and shore bombardment exercises. Steaming independently from Guantanamo 19 July, she transited the Panama Canal three days later, and sailed into San Diego, California, harbor on 31 July.
Seventy drays and 150 men proceeded in convoy from James Street to the Mount Hawthorn building site. The procession was led by Emily Roberts, the "Soldiers' Queen", in her motor car."The People", display at Anzac Cottage, 2016-02-14 On arrival at the building site, Roberts ceremonially turned the first sod before the men began the foundation work, completing them the next day. Construction day, Saturday 12 February, began at 3:30am with the ringing of a bell to summon the builders.
The next convoy the Seneca escorted arrived at Gibraltar 15 August and the following convoy back to England arrived 2 September. The 26th convoy for Seneca, OM-99 (Outbound–Milford Haven), consisted of 21 ships bound for Gibraltar.Larzelere, p 25 On 16 September at 11:30 hours the steamship Wellington, a ship in convoy OM-99, was torpedoed and Seneca proceeded at full speed to her assistance. At 11:31 a submarine was sighted a few hundred yards from Wellington.
The new destroyer escort conducted shakedown training off Bermuda before departing Hampton Roads on 5 June 1944 for the Pacific. Sailing via the Panama Canal, she arrived Pearl Harbor on 26 June and engaged in convoy and training operations in July. John C. Butler then departed Pearl Harbor on 9 August screening transports bound for the invasion of the Palau Islands. After seeing them safely to Tulagi, the ship operated with escort carriers out of Manus Island on pre-invasion strikes.
Irish Willow rescued the 47 survivors from Empire Breeze. Throughout the war, Irish ships answered SOS calls and stopped to rescue, irrespective of nationality, and frequently – as in this instance – at risk to themselves. Ships in convoy were, usually, forbidden from stopping to rescue, lest they then became a target. The Empire Breeze crew were in their lifeboats when Athelprince, with the convoy commodore aboard, had to alter course to avoid collision with the abandoned Empire Breeze,McShane p. 256.
Point Bonita was acquired on 7 October 1918 by the Navy and commissioned the same date Lieutenant Commander P. J. Hansen, USNRF, in command. The ship was assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service. The ship departed New York 19 October in convoy and arrived at Nantes on 7 November with a cargo of military supplies and high explosives. After unloading she departed 15 November for Brest to join a westbound convoy on 18 November arriving at New York 16 December.
On 29 April, Dr Morhange was transported to Auschwitz concentration camp in convoy no 72; there she was assigned to Revier "hospital" and made to act as the examining doctor for prisoners about to be sent to the gas chamber; by making misleading diagnoses, she was able to save some lives. Among those she helped was Rose Warfman, for whom she procured painkillers.Claude Morhange-Bégué (trad. Austryn Wainhouse), Chamberet: Recollections from an Ordinary Childhood, Marlboro, Vermont, Northwestern University Press, 2000. .
After transiting the Panama Canal, she cleared Balboa and reported for duty with the Pacific Fleet on 5 May 1944, bound for Oahu, Territory of Hawaii. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 19 May 1944, Enoree sailed in convoy for the Marshall Islands on 27 May 1944. Arriving at Eniwetok on 5 June 1944, the ship dispensed fuel oil and ammunition to ships present on a daily basis over the next twelve days. Departing Eniwetok on 17 June 1944 with Task Unit 16.7.
A German U-boat, prowling to the southwest of Iceland, sighted the ships on the 26th, but could not keep up with or identify the Americans. Having outpaced their adversary, TF 4 reached "Valley Forge" on 28 September. While Tirpitz did not sortie, the U-boats continued their deadly forays against Allied shipping. By the fall of 1941, American destroyers were engaged in convoy operations half-way across the Atlantic, turning their charges over to British units at the MOMP (mid-ocean meeting point).
After working up, Begonia was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role Begonia was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. During this period she fought in several convoy battles. In July 1941 Begonia was part of the force escorting OG 69, which saw seven ships sunk and one U-boat damaged off the coast of Portugal.
The under-21 footballers defeated Glenfin by 5-11 to 1-08 to win the Donegal Under-21 Football Championship. The under-21 hurlers defeated Buncrana to win the club's second Donegal Under-21 Hurling Championship. The minor footballers won a record 19th Minor Football Championship, and a third in four years, with a 3–14 to 1–7 victory over Naomh Padraig from Muff under the floodlights in Convoy. The minor hurlers won the Donegal Minor Hurling Championship, defeating An Clochán Liath in the final.
Among other engagements, he was involved in the battle of Crete, and was mentioned in dispatches for his service during the battle of Cape Matapan, in which he controlled the battleship's searchlights. He was also awarded the Greek War Cross. In June 1942, he was appointed to the V and W-class destroyer and flotilla leader HMS Wallace, which was involved in convoy escort tasks on the east coast of Britain, as well as the Allied invasion of Sicily. Promotion to lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942.
While in convoy with six other troopships and four destroyers, Wilhelmina was present when the transport was torpedoed on 1 July 1918. Nearly a month later, on 30 July 1918, one of Wilhelmina′s lookouts spotted what he thought to be a submarine periscope at 07:30. Going to general quarters, the transport surged ahead and opened fire to drive the submarine away. A short while later, when the periscope reappeared, Wilhelmina again fired at it, with the shell falling 50 yards (46 meters) short.
"Point Pleasant Park", Halifax Herald December 15, 1943, p. 1 The ship left Halifax in a convoy on 9 December 1943, stopping at New York City and then Port of Spain, Trinidad where she refueled and continued in convoy. Off the coast of Brazil, she was detached from the convoy to sail alone to Cape Town arriving in early February 1944. The ship then called on Port Elizabeth, East London, Durban in South Africa and Beira, Mozambique before returning to Cape Town with a cargo of sugar.
This dispute eventually led to a deep political conflict, known as the "National Schism". In November 1916, in order to apply pressure on the royal government in Athens, the French confiscated the Greek ships. They continued to operate with French crews, primarily in convoy escort and patrol duties in the Aegean, until Greece entered the war on the side of the Allies in June 1917, at which point they were returned to Greece. Subsequently, the Greek Navy took part in the Allied operations in the Aegean.
Thorøy was built in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1893, initially sailing under the name Snowflake. She was renamed Kremlin in 1913 and then Velløy in 1922. She was bought on 24 August 1925 by Bryde & Dahls Hvalfangerselskap A/S and renamed Thorøy.Norwegian Merchant Fleet 1939 - 1945 She survived in allied hands after the German invasion of Norway in April 1940, and was soon pressed into service to bring supplies to the UK. She often travelled in convoy to lessen the risk of attacks by German U-boats.
U-759 left Lorient on 7 June 1943 and sailed across the Atlantic to the Caribbean Sea. There on 5 July, about west of Port- Salut, Haiti, she torpedoed the 3,513-ton American merchant ship Maltran, part of Convoy GTMO-134. The ship sank in 15 minutes, but all 47 aboard escaped in lifeboats, and were picked up by . Two days later, on 7 July, the U-boat torpedoed and sank the 9,251-ton Dutch cargo ship Poelau Roebiah, in convoy TAG-70, east of Jamaica.
Nile first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1801 with John Sunter, master, Hurry & Co., owner, andtrade London–Botany Bay.LR (1801), N supple. pages, Seq.№N24. Captain James Sunter (or James Souter) received a letter of marque on 22 April 1801. He left Portsmouth, England, on 21 June 1801, with 96 female convicts, four children, ten male passengers, nine female passengers and 21 children. Nile traveled in convoy with and , and reached Rio de Janeiro on 26 August; all three arrived at Port Jackson on 14 December.
Other arguments against convoys were raised. The primary issue was the loss of productivity, as merchant shipping in convoy has to travel at the speed of the slowest vessel in the convoy and spent a considerable amount of time in ports waiting for the next convoy to depart. Further, large convoys were thought to overload port resources. Actual analysis of shipping losses in World War I disproved all these arguments, at least so far as they applied to transatlantic and other long-distance traffic.
Convoy is an indie video game released on for Microsoft Windows and Mac, and as Convoy: A Tactical Roguelike on April 8, 2020 for PlayStation 4 under a revised format. The game features pixel art graphics and roguelike squad based tactical combat. In Convoy, the player must scour the wastelands of a desert planet in a defensively outfitted semi-trailer truck for parts to a crashed spaceship. The plot is experienced through interactive text based dialogue, where the player picks responses to written scenarios.
Carrier aircraft was mostly crated and the carriers initially unready for offensive action. The raider withdrew rather than engage with the escorting destroyers. By the time carrier aircraft was ready to attack, the raider could not be located. By April 1941, Germany's monthly U-boat production was enough for Admiral Dönitz to begin employing submarines in groups of eight to 20 at a time using wolfpack tactics. Early that month, a wolfpack sank ten of the 22 ships in convoy SC 26 sailing from Halifax to Liverpool.
Francis & Eliza and were the next convict ships to depart Ireland bound for New South Wales after the departure of in May 1812. They departed Cork, Ireland, in convoy on 5 December 1814. Francis & Eliza was under the command of William Harrison and carried 54 male and 69 female convicts. On 4 January 1815, off Madeira, Francis and Eliza having parted from the convoy in a storm, had the misfortune to encounter the American 21-gun privateer Warrior, under the command of Guy Champlin.
Carrier-based planes from the carrier struck Dutch Harbor, Alaska, on 3 June, and Japanese troops occupied Attu and Kiska islands on the 7th. During this time, U. S. Grant carried troops to Kodiak, Alaska, and Cold Bay into the summer. She narrowly escaped being torpedoed while proceeding from Seattle to Dutch Harbor in convoy on 20 July. Alert lookouts picked out the tracks of two torpedoes and evasive action enabled the ship to avoid the deadly "fish" which passed close aboard, from starboard to port.
Walter W. Rockey in command. After shakedown, Lanier departed San Francisco 23 February 1945 and arrived Pearl Harbor 2 March to practice landing operations. Loaded with 1,485 soldiers, she got underway 28 March and steamed in convoy with 11 other transports and five merchantmen for the Volcano Islands. Touching Eniwetok and Saipan, she reached Iwo Jima 20 April and discharged men and cargo. She returned to Saipan 22 to 24 April, took on board equipment and 1,442 troops, then sailed to Okinawa 2 to 6 May.
When the Germans attacked Norway on 9 April 1940, Rist was still in service on Heimdal. He took part in the fighting in northern Norway. Left Tromsø the 6th of June, escape to England via Shetland - Scotland, Rosyth Naval Station, Edinburgh before he came over to the UK. During World War II served Rist in the Navy, where he sailed in convoy and served on Corvette and Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB).Roger Albrigtsen: Sepals. Hemmelige baser på svensk jord 1944-1945, Harstad: Forlaget Kristiansen, 2008, s. 113.
During April, Volage was used in convoy protection and the interception of the supply ships for the force of German u-boats operating in the Indian Ocean. She then sailed to Durban for refit, removal of Arctic fittings and enhancement of her radar and other detection equipment. She did not rejoin her flotilla until July and so missed the successful action against the Japanese cruiser Haguro. In August, prior to the Japanese surrender, Volage prepared to support the planned landings in Malaya (Operation Zipper).
On 4 July 1944, PC-1597 sailed in convoy from Norfolk, Virginia, for Bizerte, Tunisia, arriving 23 July. She moved on to Naples, Italy, and Ajaccio, Corsica, from which she cleared 13 August for the invasion of southern France. During the initial assault, she acted as reference vessel for the waves of landing craft bringing the troops ashore, then patrolled off the transport area. Through the next month, she supported the buildup in southern France by escorting convoys to the beachheads, and patrolling along the Riviera.
After a refit in February and March at HM Dockyard, Malta, the ship was transferred to the 7th Frigate Flotilla, Home Fleet, arriving at Plymouth on 21 April. After Fleet exercises at Invergordon, she took part in convoy defence exercises in the English Channel, and visited Cherbourg, Penzance and Swanage. In September the ship called at Holyhead while en route to Derry for joint anti-submarine exercises in the North West Approaches. In December, after her annual inspection, she sailed to Plymouth to refit.
She was primarily occupied in convoy duty until the end of the war, escorting tankers and other auxiliaries to New Guinea, Ulithi, Palau, Guam, Manila, and Okinawa. Naifeh performed other duties such as weather ship, search and rescue work, and carrying mail. Once she displayed the three star flag of Commander Philippine Sea Frontier as Vice Admiral Kauffman was embarked on an inspection tour of the islands. She rescued the crew of on 10 October 1945 after the merchantman had grounded near Batag Island, Philippines.
Overall losses started to fall; losses to ships in convoy fell dramatically. In the three months following their introduction, on the Atlantic, North Sea, and Scandinavian routes, of 8,894 ships convoyed just 27 were lost to U-boats. By comparison 356 were lost sailing independently. As shipping losses fell, U-boat losses rose; during the period May to July 1917, 15 U-boats were destroyed in the waters around Britain, compared to 9 the previous quarter, and 4 for the quarter before the campaign was renewed.
On 4 April 1918, the armed transports , and were steaming back to the United States in convoy after having completed a troop transportation voyage to France. At 11:45 in the morning, a German U-boat of unknown designation surfaced and fired torpedoes at Mallory. Lookouts aboard the transport spotted the torpedoes, allowing the ship to successfully evade them. The submarine was sighted by the other American transports; all three ships opened fire with their main guns, and appeared to hit the U-boat as she submerged.
He and the captain persuaded his father, and he signed on for thirty dollars (around $600 in 2020) a month. The ship left British waters in convoy on 3 September 1802. Part of his job while on board was to make hatchets, daggers, and knives "for the Indian trade" (p. 15). A month's sail took them to the Island of St. Catherine on the coast of Brazil (today's city of Florianópolis), then around Cape Horn, and straight to Vancouver Island, avoiding the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii).
Following shakedown training out of Key West and Norfolk, Tide got underway from Hampton Roads for her first transatlantic voyage. On 17 July, as she steamed in convoy for North Africa, the minesweeper collided with an infantry landing craft — LCI-267 — which she had just provisioned. Damage to the sweeper included sprung plates and two minor hull punctures which were repaired at sea. Tide arrived at Casablanca on 18 July and was soon on her way again escorting a convoy bound for American ports.
The class saw much service in the Second World War, being involved in convoy protection and anti-submarine warfare in home waters and the North Atlantic. Seven of the eleven ships of the class were sunk in World War II. and were sunk on 8 June 1940 by the German battleships and west of Narvik during the Norwegian campaign. Codrington was sunk by German air attack at Dover on 27 July 1940. was sunk by a mine off the Isle of Wight on 17 December 1940.
In April 1944 she proceeded to Portsmouth, Virginia where was loaded on her main deck in preparation for sailing to Europe. She departed New York on 18 April 1944 as flagship of LST Group 52, in convoy with 112 ships. The tank landing ship arrived in Derry, Northern Ireland to discharge fuel oil that had been carried across the Atlantic as ballast and then proceeded to Milford Haven, Wales and Plymouth, England where she launched LCT-659. A week later LST-983 sailed to London.
Arriving at Saipan 5 March, Grady refueled and departed the next day for Espiritu Santo. Upon her arrival 19 March, the ship joined in preparations for the upcoming Okinawa invasion, last giant step on the long sea road to Japan. She got underway in convoy 25 March, and after stopping at Ulithi arrived off the invasion beaches 9 April. As the bloody fighting raged ashore, Grady and the other ships engaged in equally fierce radar and antisubmarine picket duty were savagely attacked by Japanese suicide planes.
USS Butternut departed Leyte Gulf in convoy on 24 February 1947 and shaped a course for the Marianas. She arrived at Guam on 9 March and began three years of service in the Trust Territories of the Pacific Ocean Islands. Based at Apra Harbor on Guam, she carried passengers and cargo among the islands as well as laying and tending nets at various islands. The ship also performed several assignments off Iwo Jima laying mooring buoys and assisting in the recovery, repair and replacement of submarine lines.
On 1 April 1944, she was ordered to Boston, Massachusetts to resume escort and antisubmarine patrol duties. In May, McCormick returned to transatlantic convoy duty with a run to North Africa. During the next 4 months, she touched at various ports, including Bizerte, Oran, Cherbourg, Falmouth, Belfast, and Milford Haven. Upon her return to Boston, 1 October, she spent 3 months in convoy and patrol operations off the U.S. East Coast and in the Caribbean before shifting back to the Casablanca run in January 1945.
After leave in Sydney, Australia, Buchanan joined the screen of TF 15\. On 30 April 1943, while screening in convoy, the ship ran aground off the southern coast of Guadalcanal and, after jettisoning heavy gear and ammunition, she was eased off the reef by three tugs. She proceeded to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, for repairs. Repairs completed, she participated in the New Georgia Group operations (30 June – 13 July) and while under heavy attack she effectively bombarded the enemy shore batteries during the invasion of Rendova.
Enemy aircraft continued the attack the next day, delivering a high level bombing attack on Nelsons area and obtaining a direct hit on the Liberty ship . By 23:02 the ships commenced laying a heavy smoke screen, and the Axis attacks were beaten off. German dive bombers buzzed in on a surprise attack from the northeast at 17:33 on 12 July, dropping bombs and making strafing runs. Nelson splashed one plane at 17:42 and an hour later departed in convoy for Algiers, North Africa.
When she arrives, he takes her aboard the Surprise, saving her life. Admiral Ives orders Aubrey to sail to Zambra on the Barbary Coast to persuade the Dey of Mascara not to molest British ships, in convoy with HMS Pollux, which is returning Admiral Harte to England. While Pollux waits at the entrance of the Bay of Zambra, the French Mars with two frigates fire on her, with a fierce ensuing battle. Pollux blows up, killing all 500 aboard, but not before she severely damages Mars.
On 23 April 1945, John W. Brown left in convoy with a load of U.S. Army general cargo below and trucks lashed to her decks to begin her seventh voyage. The convoy encountered bad weather but no enemy forces while crossing the North Atlantic and arrived off The Downs on the southeast coast of England on V-E Day, 8 May 1945. She then proceeded to Antwerp, Belgium, where she discharged her cargo. Departing on 19 May, she arrived at Le Havre, France, on 22 May.
In 1755.seeking a station close to his large family in Nyborg, he was granted this as captain of the snow Æro which was the guard ship for the Great Belt, and the following year as captain of the frigate Christiansø off Copenhagen. Bille captained the frigate Bornholm in the fleet during 1758 before moving to the ship-of-the-line Delmenhorst in 1759 and 1760., employed in convoy duties to Lisbon and Marseille which included the delivery of hunting falcons to the king of Portugal.
The attack transport transited the Panama Canal on 21 and 22 October and arrived at Naval Base San Diego at the end of the month. For the remainder of 1943, Wayne operated out of San Diego on training exercises with various battalion landing teams of the 4th Marine Division. On 13 January 1944, Wayne got underway with marines of the 3rd Battalion (Reinforced), 24th Marines embarked and steamed in convoy for the Hawaiian Islands. She arrived at Lahaina Roads, Maui, Territory of Hawaii, on the 21st.
In addition to cruises between Guam and Saipan, she steamed to Peleliu, Palaus, and back between 27 August and 6 September. Thence, with occupation troops embarked, she cleared Saipan in convoy on 17 September and steamed to Japan, arriving at Nagasaki, Kyūshū, the 24th. Between 28 September and 25 October she steamed to the Philippines and carried additional troops to Mitsuhama, Shikoku. The LST returned to Manila Bay on 6 November and during the next month transported troops and equipment from Mangarin Bay, Mindoro to Batangas, Luzon.
She remained in convoy patrol and training for several years, until she was moved to the Pacific Fleet late in the war and supported landings on Iwo Jima in February 1945, and later the invasion of Okinawa in April 1945. She was lightly damaged by a kamikaze attack in this battle. Following the war, she was used as a target ship during the two atomic bomb tests of Operation Crossroads, and was subsequently studied for its effects, before being sunk as a target off Hawaii in 1948.
The NMCs are loaded onto standard road transport vehicles that travel in convoy. These movements are escorted by the Ministry of Defence Police Special Escort Group (MDP SEG) and specialists travelling in separate vehicles provide technical support in key areas such as radiation monitoring. The convoy crew consists of over 20 personnel. The civil police are given at least 24 hours notice prior to the move and are contacted by the convoy commander when the convoy enters and leaves their respective areas of responsibility.
As part of the ceremony a column of 300 vehicles drove the length of the German Wine Route in convoy, from south to north, but not before a single engined airplane had flown its entire length. The stone-clad "Weintor" was finally built only in 1936. An architectural competition for its design was won by August Josef Peter and Karl Mittel from Landau. The foundation stone was laid on 27 August 1936, and less than two months later, on 18 October, completion was celebrated.
Folke Hauger Johannessen (2 December 1913 - 17 April 1997) was a Norwegian military officer, an admiral of the Royal Norwegian Navy. He served as Chief of Defence of Norway from 1964 to 1972. During World War II he was the deputy commander and commander of several Norwegian destroyers and a chief of an Escort Group in Convoy Service for the Allies in the North Atlantic.Folke Hauger Johannessen Store norske leksikon Hauger Johannessen was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav in 1972.
Windham had travelled from St Helena in convoy with the East Indiamen City of London, Ceylon, and Calcutta, two vessels from the South Seas, Lively and Vulture, and Rolla, which had transported convicts to New South Wales. Their escort was .The Times, 12 October 1804. On the way the convoy ran into severe weather with the result that the Prince of Wales, which had also left St Helena with the rest, foundered with the loss of all on board; this had been her maiden voyage.
Empire Advocate was a member of a number of convoys. ;SL 69 Empire Advocate was in Convoy SL 69 when it departed from Freetown bound for Liverpool on 23 March 1941, but was unable to maintain speed and proceeded to her destination independent of the main convoy. ;ON 8 Convoy ON 8 which Liverpool on 16 August and arrived at Reykjavík on 21 August, dispersing on 15 August. Empire Advocate was bound for Philadelphia. ;ON 41 Convoy ON 41 departed Liverpool on 9 December.
Oosterdijk was assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service. After refitting at Baltimore and inspection by the 5th Naval District on 8 April 1918, she took on a cargo of general supplies at Baltimore. She next steamed to Norfolk, Virginia, to load naval stores, and then proceeded to New York City, where she joined a convoy destined for France. Departing in convoy on 25 April, she called at Brest, France, and then went on to discharge her general supplies and naval stores at St. Nazaire, France.
On December 7 when Hawaii was attacked by Japanese naval forces, the unarmed ship carrying Vincent, traveling with no escort, was ordered to return immediately to San Francisco Bay. Vincent remained in California for another month, joined by his wife and daughter, during which time he learned that Manila had fallen, and that fellow Group pilot Sam Marrett, a friend from West Point, had died in its defense. On January 12, 1942, the USS Mariposa sailed in convoy with Vincent aboard, headed for the Far East.
Departing San Pedro on 25 August, Naos loaded cargo at San Francisco and made a round trip run to Pearl Harbor and back between 28 August and 25 October. During the next month she was converted for use as a combination troop transport and cargo ship by General Engineering and Drydock Co., San Francisco. She cleared the Golden Gate 10 December, embarked 1,080 troops at Port Hueneme, and sailed for the South Pacific in convoy 12 December. Naos reached Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, 3 January 1944, and discharged her troops and supplies.
After commissioning and working up, Gladiolus was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force. In her 18 months of service she escorted over 40 convoys, of which over a dozen were attacked; Gladiolus was involved in four major convoy battles, and participated destroying three U-boats. She was engaged in all the duties performed by corvettes; escorting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. On 28 June 1940 she picked up 35 survivors from , that had been torpedoed and sunk by Fritz-Julius Lemp's .
After shakedown off Bermuda, Maurice J. Manuel served as a training ship out of Norfolk, Virginia, until steaming to New York City for convoy escort duty on 3 October. Sailing in convoy on 6 October, she battled heavy weather in the Atlantic and Mediterranean and safely escorted the first American convoy to Marseilles, France on 20 October. After returning to the United States on 7 November, between 25 November and 24 December, she escorted another convoy to southern France, steamed to the coast of North Africa, and returned to New York.
Cloues stood out of Boston, Massachusetts, on 4 October 1943 for New York, the Panama Canal, San Francisco, California, and Pearl Harbor, arriving on 17 November. She conducted gunnery exercises, battle practice, and landing operations off Oahu until 30 November, when she sailed in convoy to San Francisco. For the next months she had escort duty in the Hawaiian Islands and to San Francisco. On 29 February, she sailed from Pearl Harbor for Johnston Island and the Gilberts, arriving on 11 March for escort duty and to cover the landings at Bikini, Enyu, and Rongelap.
On 17 November 1942, the transport departed for Reykjavík, Iceland, and stopped at St. John's in the Dominion of Newfoundland and Halifax, Nova Scotia, in Canada before returning via Boston, Massachusetts, to New York City. Henry R. Mallory then once more visited Reykjavík, departing New York City on 24 January 1943. She was en route to New York City on her return voyage in Convoy SC 118 when the German submarine U-402 torpedoed and sank her on the morning of 7 February 1943. Seaman 1st Class Wolf was not among the survivors.
Pastores was one of the merchant ships chartered by the Navy during World War I to transport U.S. forces to Europe, through submarine-infested waters. Pastores began this service in the closing months of 1917, and she encountered several submarines during her early Naval service. Departing New York in convoy on 20 December 1917, she was 900 miles off the coast of France in January 1918, when a submarine appeared astern. , one of the ships of the convoy, fired one shot at the submarine, which was not seen again.
For these events trams were typically dispatched in convoy for track control purposes (to avoid collisions). Even so, the demand they placed on the power supply was so great that the trams were often slowed to a walking pace. The tramway power supply was improved in the 1920s when automatic substations were installed in Cashmere (1920) and Fendalton (1922) to boost power to southern and western sections respectively when required. They were supplied AC power from the State hydro scheme and converted it to DC for use by the trams.
After shakedown along the east coast, Myrmidon departed Norfolk, Virginia, for the Pacific on 10 April. She reached San Diego, late in the month; then, after loading cargo at San Francisco, she steamed to Pearl Harbor, on 19 May, for duty with Amphibious Force, Pacific Fleet. Sailing in convoy 30 May, she steamed via the Marshall Islands to Iwo Jima, where she arrived 22 June. During the closing weeks of fighting in the Pacific Myrmidon operated at Iwo Jima, repairing, disbursing, and provisioning ships at that important American forward base.
In September 1942 she became senior ship in 21 Flotilla with the appointment of Captain CR Parry, 21 Flotilla's Captain (D), as her commander. In June 1943, after a refit, Mendip was assigned to escort convoy WS31, part of the invasion force for Operation Husky, and in July took part in the invasion of Sicily itself. In September Mendip was part of Operation Avalanche, the landings at Salerno, part of the Allied invasion of Italy. For the remainder of the year she took part in convoy escort and patrol duties, assisting in the Mediterranean.
In July 1655, De Ruyter took command of a squadron of eight ships, of which the Tijdverdrijf ("Pastime") was his flagship, and set out for the Mediterranean with 55 merchantmen in convoy. His orders were to protect Dutch trade interests in that region and to ransom Christian slaves in Algiers. Meeting an English fleet under Robert Blake along the way, he managed to avoid an incident. Operating off the Barbary Coast, he captured several infamous corsairs and, after negotiating a peace agreement with Salé, De Ruyter returned home May 1656.
After disembarking the marines at Kahului on Maui, she returned to Pearl Harbor on 7 April and devoted the next few days to ship's work and taking on fuel, water, and supplies. She got underway again on 20 April for a week of intensive amphibious exercises at Maalea Bay, Maui. Another few days back at Pearl Harbor followed, and then Beckham shifted to Honolulu harbor on the morning of 4 May. There, she embarked several Army units and sailed on 8 May for the Marshalls in convoy PD-399T.
Avon Vale was detached from the convoy to escort the damaged Manchester on her return passage to Gibraltar. During August, Avon Vale was deployed in convoy defence at Gibraltar, from where she escorted Convoy HG72 on 2 September on its passage from Gibraltar to Liverpool, along with the destroyers Nestor, and the sloop . Avon Vale was then nominated for service in the eastern Mediterranean, taking passage through Cape of Good Hope and the Indian Ocean, joining the flotilla at Alexandria in November. The destroyer was then deployed for support of the Tobruk garrison.
Neshanic was built as the SS Marquette, ex MC hull 519 under Maritime Commission contract by the Bethlehem Shipyard, Inc., Sparrows Point, Maryland; launched as Neshanic, 31 October 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Richard C. Culyer; and, acquired and commissioned 20 February 1943, Comdr. Albert C. Allen, USNR, in command. Following shakedown, Neshanic cleared Hampton Roads in convoy on 20 April 1943, and sailed for Aruba, N.W.I., whence she steamed, on the 27th, with a full cargo of petroleum products, for the Pacific to join the vital chain supplying American forces fighting in the Solomons.
Following a brief shakedown cruise, Hyde arrived Seattle, Washington, 27 January 1945 to embark troops and cargo, after which she sailed for Pearl Harbor in convoy 1 February. Carrying reinforcements for the Pacific Ocean campaign, then drawing to its climax, Hyde stopped at Eniwetok before anchoring at Iwo Jima 13 March. The ship remained off that battle-scarred island only long enough to unload, then steamed to Guam 15 March, where she embarked over 400 marine casualties. Hyde continued to Pearl Harbor, loaded more casualties 29 March, and arrived San Francisco, California, 22 May 1945.
HDMLs were initially transported as deck cargo on larger ships for foreign service, which is why their length was restricted to 72 feet. Later in the war, with many merchant ships being sunk, it was found to be much safer to move them abroad under their own power. Some HDMLs, undertook fairly substantial ocean voyages. Many belonging to the Mediterranean Fleet sailed from the UK to Malta via Gibraltar in convoy, voyages which necessitated going well out into the Atlantic Ocean in order to keep clear of the enemy occupied coast.
Fast convoys embarked from Sierra Leone—a British protectorate—while slow ones left from Dakar in French West Africa. Gibraltar convoys became regular starting on 26 July. Losses in convoy dropped to ten percent of those suffered by independent ships. Confidence in the convoy system grew rapidly in the summer of 1917, especially as it was realised that the ratio of merchant vessels to warship could be higher than previously thought. While the first convoys comprised 12 ships, by June they contained 20, which was increased to 26 in September and 36 in October.
Stratheden spent most of the next two years moving troops between Britain, India, Ceylon and Egypt: sometimes in convoys but other times unescorted. In 1941 her movements varied to include calls in Trinidad in the Lesser Antilles and Halifax in Nova Scotia. In spring 1941 Stratheden carried 3,264 troops in Convoy WS 7, which included 10 troop ships carrying a total of at least 24,615 troops. WS 7 left the Clyde on 24 March, reached Freetown on 4 April and then split into sections to continue to Cape Town and Suez.
The ship was operated by Sudden & Christensen, San Francisco, for the War Shipping Administration, and between September 1943 and April 1944 operated in convoy between northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. On July 30, 1944, the ship sailed from Wilmington, Los Angeles, loaded with 12 night- fighter aircraft, and with a crew of 27 United States Navy Armed Guards and 41 men of the Merchant Marine. The aircraft were unloaded at Finschhafen, New Guinea, on August 28, 1944. The ship then sailed on to Oro Bay and to unload the rest of the cargo.
Pennsylvania Shipyards, Inc built Edgar Wakeman at Beaumont, Texas, completing her in 1943. She was an oil-burning steamship: a variant of the Type N3 design built at the request of the UK Government. In 1944 the US War Shipping Administration bareboat chartered her to the Polish government-in-exile, who renamed her after the city of Kielce in Małopolska. In April 1944 Kielce sailed in Convoy HK 217 from Galveston to Key West, Convoy KN 308 from Key West to New York and Convoy HX 289 from New York to Liverpool.
Arriving on 12 June, she proceeded to the King George Fifth Docks in London and moored to take aboard 31 English ammunition trucks and 131 Army personnel. On 13 June, she moved to convoy anchorage area due south of Southend, England, and at 21:35 was underway in Convoy EWT 8, arriving at the "Gold" assault area at 21:30 on 14 June, proceeding to "Jig Green" beach. At 22:06 she struck a submerged wreck but passed clear and beached at 22:13. , however, stranded in the same wreck.
In the spring of 1942, the regiment embarked for the Far East in the Belfast-built liner RMS Britannic, and after a long voyage, escorted for a long way by battleships HMS Rodney, HMS Nelson & HMS Valiant at different times, reached Bombay. The guns and equipment were unloaded at Karachi and both elements assembled at Lahore before driving some 2,000 miles in convoy down the Grand Trunk Road to Calcutta. It was later transferred to East Bengal, before moving south to join XV Corps in Burma. For the next two and a half years.
She returned to San Diego on 25 June 1954, and for more than a year, she operated out of San Diego along the coast of southern California. George sailed on her next WestPac cruise on 4 October 1955. She operated out of Guam for more than two months, and conducted surveillances of the Carolines, Marianas, Bonin, and Volcano Islands before reaching Yokosuka, Japan, in January 1956. She participated in convoy, anti-submarine warfare, and gunnery exercises until 10 March when she sailed for the West Coast, arriving at San Diego on 31 March.
In September, the Warren ceased escort duty, and under the command of Lieutenant Lawrence Kearny, she captured a sixteen-gun brig on October 4, while patrolling around Cape Matapan and the port of Carabusa. One boat and 15 pirates were also taken. While sailing in convoy on October 16, Lieutenant Louis M. Goldsborough of the liberated the British brig Comet after watching it get captured by 250 pirates in five vessels. In the ensuing battle of Doro Passage, around ninety brigands were killed or wounded while the Americans suffered no casualties.
23 October 1944, she left Kataoka Bay Naval Base, Shimushu Island, Kuril Islands for Otaru in convoy WO-303 consisting of transports Hokoku Maru and Umegawa Maru escorted by the destroyer Kamikaze and Etorofu-class escort ship Fukue. The transports are filled with naval personal and fishery workers being removed to the homeland for the winter from the islands of Shimushu and Paramushiro. On 25 October 1944, she was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine at west of the Kuril Islands. She sank quickly in the frigid waters with 1,415 lives lost including 1,312 passengers.
Junior Van Noy sailed for the European Theater in late July 1944 from Halifax in Convoy number HXS300 arriving in August. The arrival of the ship is noted in The Corps of Engineers: The War Against Germany: CHAPTER XVI Developing Beaches and Reconstructing Ports: 1071st Engineer Port Repair Ship Crew, with the Junior N. Van Noy in the background. > On 10 August the engineers working on the Cherbourg quays saw a new kind of > ship steaming into the harbor. She was the Junior N. Van Noy, the first > engineer port repair ship sent overseas.
With war in Europe looming, Waterhen was recommissioned on 1 September 1939. On 14 November, Waterhen sailed to Singapore, then after rendezvousing with the rest of the Australian Destroyer Flotilla (referred to as the "Scrap Iron Flotilla" by German propagandists), headed for the Mediterranean. While en route, Waterhen detached to participate in the unsuccessful hunt for the German warship . During the early part of her Mediterranean deployment, Waterhen was involved in convoy escort and anti-submarine patrols, but these were mostly uneventful until Italy entered the war in August 1940.
She departed Norfolk, Virginia on 13 June for the Mediterranean, arriving as escort for a convoy at Bizerte, Tunisia on 23 July. On the last day of the month she got underway for Salerno, arriving on 4 August after delivering a convoy to Naples en route. She joined the Delta Task Force for the invasion of southern France 15 August to 26 August, screening ships in convoy, acting as reference and liaison vessel, and providing local escort services. PC-1593 remained in the Mediterranean on a variety of duties.
Leslie L. B. Knox steamed from New York and 3 November rendezvoused with Escort Division 67 en route to the Pacific. After transiting the Panama Canal and touching the Galapagos, Society, and Solomon Islands, she arrived Hollandia, New Guinea, 11 December. From December 1944 through June 1945, the ship was engaged in convoy escort duty, ASW patrols, and mail runs in the New Guinea and Philippine waters. She received her first battle star for convoy escort duty from Hollandia to Leyte Gulf 3 to 14 January 1945 in support of the Lingayen Gulf landing.
Cepheus put to sea from Staten Island 27 February 1944, bound in convoy for Liverpool. Although several submarine contacts were reported in the convoy, effective work by the escorts prevented any attacks, and the convoy arrived safely 9 March, with its cargo destined for the Normandy invasion. Joining her assigned division in Scottish waters, Cepheus sailed for Oran, where she arrived 6 April to report to the Eighth Amphibious Force. After training exercises along the Algerian coast, she loaded vehicles and troops for the passage to Naples, where she unloaded 19 June to 23 June.
In March 1941 SS North Africa was renamed to SS Egerland, left Keil, sailed through the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal to Wilhelmshaven. Two days on the 19 March 1941, the ship sailed to the Hook of Holland while in a convoy that consisted of two whalers, one acting in the capacity as a patrol boat, the other as a submarine chaser. Two days later it sailed for Cherbourg again in convoy with three minesweepers. Upon arrival in Cherbourg it was bombed and it used up all its anti-aircraft ammunition which consisted of 2000 2cm shells.
During the first two weeks in December 1942, Titania underwent repairs and was combat loaded at Norfolk to prepare for service in the Pacific. On 17 December, she got under way from Hampton Roads in convoy, steamed through the Panama Canal on Christmas Day, and arrived at New Caledonia on 18 January. During January and February, she operated out of Nouméa making voyages to Espiritu Santo and Guadalcanal with troops and equipment for the Guadalcanal Campaign. The Titanias reclassification as an attack cargo ship on 1 February 1943 changed her destination to AKA-13.
After working up, Hibiscus was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In two years service Hibiscus escorted 29 North Atlantic, 7 Gibraltar and 7 South Atlantic convoys,Hibiscus: convoy movements at naval-history.net; retrieved 17 July 2020 Hibiscus: convoy assignments at convoyweb.org.uk; retrieved 17 July 2020 assisting in the safe passage of over 1300 ships.
American Legion weighed anchor on the morning of the 24th and moored at the New York Navy Yard. Initially slated for repair work at the Morse Dry Dock Company, Brooklyn, the transport was taken, instead, to the Bethlehem Steel Company yard in Brooklyn, for completion of an overhaul. She remained there into January 1942. Assigned to the Naval Transportation Service (NTS) on 6 February American Legion embarked men slated for duty at a destroyer base being established at Derry, Northern Ireland, and sailed, in convoy, on the first leg of her voyage, bound for Halifax.
On 14 March 1944 she sailed for Tunisia as part of Task Force (TF) 64, in convoy UGS-36, 72 merchantmen and 18 tank landing ships shepherded by 16 warships. The escorts drove off a suspected U-boat late on 31 March, but danger from above replaced that from below just six hours later when 22 German aircraft attacked the convoy early on 1 April. In the ensuing action, the screen downed two enemy planes and probably damaged two others. As a result, UGS-36 reached its destination, Bizerte, on 3 April.
In January 1943, she served as a target vessel for training RAF Coastal Command aircraft. Late in February, she got underway and steamed into the North Sea toward the Scandinavian coast to search for a Norwegian merchantman which was reportedly attempting to escape to sea from German-controlled waters. During this mission, the destroyer was attacked by German aircraft but emerged unharmed. Shifted to the Western Local Escort Force soon thereafter, St Albans was based at Halifax and operated in convoy escort missions in the western Atlantic for the remainder of 1943.
Mount Vernon departed New York for Brest on 31 October 1917 for her first U.S. Navy crossing, and during the war made nine successful voyages carrying American troops to fight in Europe. However, early on the morning of 5 September 1918, as the transport steamed homeward in convoy some from the French coast, her No. 1 gun crew spotted a periscope some off her starboard bow. Mount Vernon immediately fired one round at German U-boat . The U‑boat simultaneously submerged, but managed to launch a torpedo at the transport.
The new tank landing ship held shakedown training off Panama City, Florida, from 19 February to 4 March; then returned to New Orleans for repairs and loading. She next moved to New York City, where she took additional cargo on board for transportation to the United Kingdom. After crossing the Atlantic in convoy, LST-60 safely arrived in Falmouth, England, on 2 May. From there, she proceeded to Southend- on-Sea to load for the Normandy invasion. LST-60 sailed from Southend on 5 June with Commander, Group 3, embarked for the initial assault.
S.S. Guantamano served as USS Guantanamo (ID # 1637) from 20 May 1918 to 25 January 1919. During 1917 Guantamano was inspected by the Third Naval District for use in 1919. On 25 February 1918, the ship was turned over to the U.S. Navy at Philadelphia, commissioned on 21 May 1918 as USS Guantamano (ID-1637), and began service transporting gunpowder and ammunition to forces in Europe. The ship made three voyages in convoy before arriving in New York on 11 December 1918 and being decommissioned on 25 January 1919.
Continuing operations in the western Pacific, she took part in convoy escort duties through July, when she escorted an LST convoy from Okinawa to Leyte, anchoring in San Pedro Bay, Leyte, Philippines, on 3 July. From 5 to 17 July, she underwent tender availability before entering floating drydock for hull repairs. Under the operational control of Minecraft, Pacific Fleet, she anchored at San Pedro Bay through the middle of August. On 10 August, her radio picked up an unofficial Japanese broadcast which announced that Japan had agreed to accept unconditional surrender terms.
Sailing again 30 July, Humphreys trained in Hawaiian waters before sailing to Manus 28 September to join the invasion fleet for the return to the Philippines. Sailing 12 October, she carried UDT Team No. 5 to the Leyte beaches 18 October, remaining close in to provide fire support during this reconnaissance. Next day she patrolled Leyte Gulf for Japanese submarines, and continued this work during the main landings 20 October 1944. The veteran ship assisted in shooting down a bomber 21 October before sailing in convoy for Manus.
Simon Gronowski (born October 12, 1931) is a Doctor of Law, from the Université libre de Bruxelles, a jazz pianist, and the president of the Union of Jewish deportees in Belgium. Gronowski was born in Brussels, and survived the Holocaust by escaping deportation in Convoy No. 20 train, on 19 April 1943, which would have taken him to Auschwitz. The photo is of a board commemorating this. Transport XX memorial board at Zoutleeuw, Belgium, taken May 2020 He then lived through the rest of the war in hiding, with his father Léon Gronowski.
More transatlantic crossings followed, including a homeward- bound voyage in Convoy HX 84 which was attacked by the German . Atheltemplar and her sister-ship Athelempress managed to escape unscathed. Atheltemplar then made a series of coastal voyages in home waters before undergoing refit in Smith's Yard, North Shields in the winter of 1940-41. Sailing for Methil Roads on 25 February 1941, she joined the 26-ship Convoy EN 79 which departed Methil on 1 March 1941, bound for the Atlantic convoy marshalling area at Loch Ewe on the west coast of Scotland.
She was equipped with depth charges for employment in anti- submarine patrols, escorting of merchant ships and defending the Dover Barrage. In the spring of 1917 as the convoy system was being introduced the 1st Flotilla was employed in convoy escort duties for the English Channel for the remainder of the war. On 19 July 1918, Garry (Lt Cdr Charles Lightoller DSC RNR) attacked the German submarine off the north coast of Yorkshire. Damaged by the depth-charge attack, the U-boat surfaced and was rammed by Garry at position .
After an uneventful crossing, she made port at Liverpool on 19 May. After unloading her cargo over the next two weeks, she departed for New York in convoy ON 239 and arrived there on 22 June. Timothy Bloodworth departed again for Liverpool on 11 July as a part of HX 299 and arrived after thirteen days. The ship is next reported sailing from Southend to the Solent on 4 August, and from Portland to Seine Bay on 6 August. Timothy Bloodworth sailed from Seine Bay to Southampton from 5 to 6 September.
Late in 1917 Aragon spent two weeks at anchor off Marseille before receiving orders in December to sail for Egypt. She took about 2,200 troops to reinforce the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in the Palestine Campaign against the Ottoman Empire, plus about 150 military officers, 160 VADs and about 2,500 bags of Christmas mail. She and another transport, the Nile, then sailed in convoy with an escort of destroyers for Egypt. On 23 December they reached Windy Bay, Malta, where the two transports stayed at anchor for four or five days.
Manning departed the Solomons on 5 April and reached Milne Bay, New Guinea, the 7th to begin temporary duty with the 7th Fleet. Operating with Escort Division 37, she sailed in convoy 19 April and escorted transports and LSTs to Humboldt Bay where she arrived on the 24th. During the next two days, she screened the approaches to Humboldt Bay; thence, she returned to Cape Cretin on 29 April. After screening a reinforcement convoy to Aitape early in May, Manning continued to support the westward advance of the Allies in New Guinea.
He commanded from 4 April to 31 July 1938. He then commanded from 2 November 1938 to 21 May 1940 for five patrols - he sank only two ships (City of Mandalay in convoy HG-3 on 17 October 1939 and the Norwegian ship Rudolf on 21 December the same year) and so was replaced as U-46 's commander by Engelbert Endrass. Sohler had also been deputy commander of 7th U-boat Flotilla from May to September 1940, before taking over full command of it from September 1940 until February 1942.
As the aircraft dove for the , her 40 mm and 20 mm guns repeatedly hit the kamikaze which splashed close board the merchantman. Sailing in convoy on 16 April, LST-887 reached Ulithi, Carolines, the 23rd. Between 10 May and 9 June she steamed via the Admiralties and the Russell Islands to Guadalcanal and transported troops and equipment via Eniwetok to Guam. Thence, after loading 4,400 drums of gasoline at Saipan, she returned to Okinawa on 26 June and exchanged her cargo of fuel for one of tanks and amphibious vehicles.
MV Malaita lists after being torpedoed by the off Port Moresby on 29 August 1942 Port Moresby became congested in September 1942. This represented a dangerous situation, as ships there were subject to Japanese air attacks, so procedures were instituted whereby ships would wait at Townsville until called forward. Due to lack of capacity at Port Moresby, it made no sense for ships to travel in convoy, so they sailed to and from Port Moresby individually or in small groups. Convoys to New Guinea did not commence until December 1942.
Empire Cheetah spent two and a half months at Barry before sailing to Swansea on 14 February 1942. Heading to Milford Haven on 23 February, she sailed the next day as a part of convoy ON 70 headed to Portland, Maine, where she safely arrived on 20 March after an intermediate stop at Halifax from 15–18 March. Four days later, Empire Cheetah sailed for Boston. She departed Boston on 12 April for Halifax and departed from there in convoy SC 80 five days later for Hull with a general cargo.
The U-boat departed Kiel on 22 October 1942, on her first patrol. Warwick Castle in 1931 On 14 November 1942, she sank the 20,107-ton troop transport ship MV Warwick Castle (one of the largest sunk in World War II). At 08:44, the ship, under the command of Henry Richard Leepman-Shaw in Convoy MKF-1X was hit by one of two torpedoes fired, about NW of Cape Espichel, Portugal. The U-boat hit her again at 08:57, causing the ship to sink about one hour later.
On 21 February 1945, Dettifoss was on a voyage in Convoy UR 155 from New York, United States to Belfast, United Kingdom and later to Reykjavík, Iceland with a general cargo of 1300 tons. When she was torpedoed by the at 08.39 hours in the Irish Sea out of Belfast. Dettifoss sank within 7 minutes resulting in the death of 12 crew members and 3 passengers. The 29 survivors (18 crew and 11 passengers) were picked up an hour after the sinking by and were then taken to Scotland and later to Iceland.
LST-857 arrived San Pedro Bay, Leyte, on 10 September and was assigned to support occupation operations in Japan. After embarking ordnance and construction troops and loading equipment at Iloilo, Panay, and Batangas, Luzon, she sailed in convoy for Japan on 20 September. She reached Tokyo Bay on the 29th and, until 25 October, operated along the coast of Honshū shuttling occupation troops and cargo. She returned to the Philippines early in November; and, after embarking additional troops, she returned to Japan on 18 November and resumed occupation operations.
Her crew were given leave and she would undergo repairs, which were done at Kiel, Germany during August and September. She sailed from Kristiansand on 13 September in convoy with the minesweepers , and the tanker , arriving at Bergen the next day. She sailed on 15 September to relieve Hinrich Freese. Fritz Homann then operated north of Jan Mayen, Norway, sailing to Trondheim at the end of that mission. On 25 October she sailed for Jan Mayen in support of the cruiser , which was to transit the Denmark Strait.
After the surrender of Japan brought World War II to an end on 15 August 1945, Jack C. Robinson engaged in convoy duties supporting the Allied occupation of Japan and the former Japanese Empire before returning via the Panama Canal to Norfolk early in 1946. After exercises in the Caribbean, Jack C. Robinson arrived at the New York Naval Shipyard at Brooklyn, New York, on 24 May 1946 for extensive repairs. She then was towed to Green Cove Springs, Florida, for inactivation, arriving there on 30 October 1946.
The ship suffered and self-repaired critical structural damage and still rescued ships from the convoy. The crew of Mason was not awarded a letter of commendation until 1994 for meritorious service during this action. Mason joined Task Force 64 at Norfolk, Virginia, on 17 December. Two days later she sailed in convoy for Europe, passing by Gibraltar on 4 January 1945 to be relieved of escort duties. Continuing to Algeria, she entered Oran on 5 January for the formation of TG 60.11. The escort ship cleared Oran 7 January.
NREC and Oshkosh Defense are developing autonomous unmanned ground vehicle technologies for logistics tactical wheeled vehicles used by the US Marine Corps. CARGO Unmanned Ground Vehicles (CARGO UGVs or CUGVs) are designed for autonomous use in convoys that combine manned and unmanned vehicles. An operator in another vehicle supervises one or more unmanned vehicles, which drive autonomously in convoy formation day and night, in all weather, and when dust and smoke limit visibility. Technologies developed under this project are part of Oshkosh Defense’s TerraMax™ UGV kit, which supports unmanned convoy operations.
Joining Escort Squadron 10 (CortRon 10) at Naval Station Newport, Rhode Island, 26 April 1957, Courtney operated from that port exercising in antisubmarine warfare and Convoy escort techniques in the British West Indies until 3 September. She arrived at Milford Haven, Wales, 14 September for maneuvers with ships of other NATO navies in the Irish Sea, visiting Plymouth, England, and Brest, France, before returning to Newport 21 October 1957 to resume local operations. She took part in hunter-killer exercises off North Carolina and in convoy exercises extending into the waters off Florida.
She was used in a number of Arctic convoys, to deliver supplies from the Western Allies to the Soviet Union. She took part in Convoy PQ 1 and Convoy PQ 13, and made the return voyages as part of Convoys QP 2 and QP 10. Her last voyage was with the ill-fated Convoy PQ 17 in June 1942. Commanded by her master, Harold William Charlton, she sailed from Middlesbrough bound for Archangel via Reykjavík, carrying a cargo of 2,314 tons of military stores, 36 tanks, 12 vehicles and seven aircraft.
She was built by the Delta Shipbuilding Corporation, New Orleans, Louisiana in 1944 and was operated by the US Navigation Company, of New York City. She was named after the second engineer of the Esso Baton Rouge, who was killed when Esso Baton Rouge was sunk by Reinhard Hardegen's U-123 on 8 April 1942. The final voyage of the James Eagan Layne was in convoy BTC-103 Convoy BTC-103 on uboat.net to carry 4,500 tons of US Army Engineers' equipment from Barry, Wales, to Ghent, in Belgium.
Anne-Lise Stern was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Convoy 71, which departed from Drancy (near Paris) on 13 April 1944. Of the estimated 1,500 deportees it is believed 105 were still alive when the war ended in 1945. Her travelling companions included 34 of the children of Izieu, rounded up a week earlier on the orders of Klaus Barbie: the children were gassed on arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Another of the travelling companions who survived the camps was Simone Jacob, usually identified in sources by her subsequent married name as Simone Veil.
The outbreak of the Second World War saw Deptford being ordered back to home waters, reaching Portsmouth on 16 November and joining the 2nd Escort Division based at Liverpool in December. She was deployed in convoy escort duties in the Western Approaches. On 3 February 1940, Deptford was part of the escort for Convoy OB 84 when she collided with the merchant ship , receiving slight damage. On 22 May, Deptford took part in a search for the German submarine after U-37 had attacked the merchant ship Dunster Grange.
Sweden was neutral at the time and Cederström was under strict orders from King Gustav IV of Sweden not to permit foreign interference with Swedish vessels in convoy under the protection of a Swedish naval vessel, and to resist with force if necessary. Still, Cederström chose to avoid loss of life and did not resist, and understandably so. Busy was armed with sixteen 32-pounder carronades and two 6-pounder guns,Winfield (2008), p.282. and Speedwell was armed with fourteen 4-pounder guns and 12 ½-pounder swivel guns.
After shakedown out of St. Andrews Bay, Florida LST-903 departed New Orleans on 21 February for the Pacific. Steaming via the Panama Canal and San Diego, she reached Pearl Harbor on 27 March. During the next seven weeks she participated in intensive amphibious training in Hawaiian waters; and, after embarking Army troops and loading LVTs, she sailed in convoy for the Marianas on 20 May. LST-903 steamed via Eniwetok, arrived Saipan on 10 June, and on 11 July departed on a supply run to Okinawa and Guam.
Following shakedown in the Gulf of Mexico, LST-904 loaded cargo at New Orleans and departed on 1 March for the Pacific. She reached Pearl Harbor on 2 April, thence sailed in convoy on 16 April via Eniwetok and Guam to Saipan where she arrived on 12 May. There she embarked Army Signal Corps troops and equipment, and on 12 June steamed to the Ryukyu Islands. Reaching Okinawa the 18th, from 23 to 28 June she beached at Ie Shima before returning to Hagushi to complete cargo operations.
As the time of US involvement in World War II approached, Memphis sailed to the east coast. She departed Newport on 24 April 1941, to take part in the neutrality patrol of the ocean triangle Trinidad–Cape San Roque–Cape Verde Islands, arriving Recife, Brazil, on 10 May. She continued operations in the South Atlantic for most of the war. In March 1942, the ship escorted two Army transports in convoy to Ascension Island, where the Army's 38th Engineer General Service Regiment debarked to construct an airport as staging point for planes flying from the United States to Africa.
From 29 December to 23 July she made three round trips: by convoy from Britain to Gibraltar, unescorted from there to Lisbon and back, and then by convoy from Gibraltar home to Britain. From the first and third trips Aguila returned to her home port of Liverpool, but during her second trip Liverpool suffered the May Blitz, and on 3 May part of the port was devastated when the munitions ship burned and exploded in Huskisson Dock. Therefore, when Aguila returned a fortnight later in Convoy HG 61 it was diverted to the Firth of Clyde. The arrangement was only temporary.
On 14 February 1918, Narragansett departed New London and steamed to Wilmington, Delaware, for overhaul and alterations necessary for troop transport service. In May, she shifted to Philadelphia, whence she sailed, in June, to New York. On 10 July, she departed New York, in convoy, arriving at Saint-Nazaire and reporting for duty in the Cross Channel Fleet on the 21st. From that time until the Armistice, Narragansett served as a unit of that fleet, which was charged with the highly important mission of keeping men and materiel, especially coal, flowing from the British Isles to the Continent.
Point Pleasant sailed next to Lagos, Nigeria and collected a cargo of palm oil, peanuts and cocoa for Montreal where she arrived on 19 June 1944. Most of her crew re-enlisted for her second voyage, an indication of a happy ship, and she left Montreal on 3 July 1944 repeating a similar voyage in convoy as far as Brazil and then unescorted to Cape Town, East London and Durban before loading a cargo of manganese ore from Takoradi, Ghana which she delivered to Philadelphia. Point Pleasant arrived in Saint John, New Brunswick on 18 December 1944. There Captain Everall took another command.
Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, West Mead loaded 6,865 tons of flour, departed the Pacific Northwest on 15 November 1918 (four days after the Armistice with Germany had brought World War I to an end on 11 November 1918), transited the Panama Canal, and stopped at Balboa in the Panama Canal Zone. She then proceeded from Balboa to New York City, where she arrived on 14 December 1918. She bunkered and underwent repairs at New York. West Mead departed New York on 24 December 1918 in convoy for the United Kingdom and arrived at Falmouth, England, on 9 January 1919.
Fleet Air Arm Sea Hurricanes in formation On 3 September 1942, Avenger, under the command of ex-Swordfish pilot Commander Anthony Paul Colthust, left Britain for Iceland to take part in Convoy PQ 18. The weather was cold, and in heavy seas one of her Sea Hurricanes broke its restraints and was lost over the side. The ship was located at sea by a Luftwaffe Focke-Wulf Condor, and shortly after arriving in Iceland, Avenger was subjected to a bombing attack by another Condor. Both of the bombs it dropped missed the ship, but two houses ashore were demolished.
Montluc military prison, Lyon, 2011 Following her arrest at the roadblock, Denise Jacob was transferred to the custody of the Geheime Staatspolizei, the Nazi Secret State Police unit more commonly known as the Gestapo. At this point, she was still known by her alias "Annie." > I was handed over to the Gestapo in Lyon: a grueling interrogation (the > bathtub) in Place Bellecour, 10 days in Montluc fort, 10 days of transit to > Romainville fort and then Ravensbrück on 26 July. I was registered in convoy > no. 46,800. On 2 March 1945 I left Ravensbrück for Mauthausen in a night and > fog (N.
It duly embarked aboard the Empress of Japan on 2 May 1940 and travelled in convoy with other troopships to Scotland with its first port call at Perth. The next stop would have been at Ceylon as the convoy travelled on towards its planned destination of the Middle East, but the invasion of Holland and France, followed by the entry of Italy into the war on the side of the Germans, forced a diversion. The convoy was now to make for England and thus it stopped at Cape Town, and then Freetown, arriving at Gourock, in Scotland, on 16 June.
An escort vehicle in California An escort vehicle, also called a pilot vehicle in most areas, is an automobile used to escort trucks with large loads, convoys of large vehicles, guide motorists through construction sites, and assist aircraft in taxiing from the runway to the tarmac at many airports. In most instances, pilot vehicles are provided by companies that specialize in convoy escort, although escort duties are occasionally performed by police vehicles (especially for parades and funeral processions or shipments that require a high level of security during transit). Some escort companies have special authority for traffic control through state approval.
Following the outbreak of World War II, the Swedish motor liner Kungsholm was seized at New York City, placed under the American flag and purchased by the U.S. government. The United States Lines were appointed agents by the War Shipping Administration to run the ship as a troop transport and Anderson was selected to command her. The ship, renamed USAT John Ericsson, left New York at the end of January 1942 in convoy with a full complement of 6,000 U.S. soldiers for Australia and Noumea. Their ultimate mission was to garrison the island of New Caledonia.
The LGs were evacuated, one Troop of 2nd LAA driving in convoy with advancing German troops, thinking them to be Afrikaans-speaking South Africans. The front was re-established while brigade HQ's clerks manned Boys anti-tank rifles for local defence and Brig J.N. Slater, BAA of Eighth Army, organised a temporary mobile column of LAA guns and light trucks (known as 'Slatforce') to operate behind enemy lines and cause disruption.27th LAA Rgt War Diary, August–December 1941, TNA file WO 169/1637. Eighth Army attacked again, capturing Sidi Rezegh and the LGs around Gambut on 23 November.
From 27 March to 1 April, she escorted merchant ships to Guadalcanal and then sailed the following day to Efate as escort for the ammunition ship . Arriving on 4 April, she steamed next day to Espiritu Santo to escort a merchant tanker to Guadalcanal. PC-1136 reached Guadalcanal on 8 April, and for almost two months she continued intermittent convoy escort and ASW patrol duties out of the Solomons to New Caledonia and the New Hebrides. Departing in convoy on 31 May, she arrived at Kwajalein, Marshall Islands on 6 June to prepare for the invasion of Guam.
In February 1941 she was deployed to the Western Approaches Escort Force for Atlantic convoy defence. She was designated as leader of 12th Escort Group, stationed at Londonderry. In this role Keppel was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In four years service Keppel escorted more than 30 North Atlantic and over a dozen Gibraltar convoys, of which six were attacked, with the loss of 20 ships (though several others were also lost as stragglers) and she was involved in four major convoy battles.
She sustained some damage that month after colliding with a sunken wreck off Oran, damage that had been repaired by December. In January 1943 Abbeydale returned to the UK to undergo more thorough repairs and refitting, and in March sailed for New York with a convoy, before returning to the Mediterrean with a convoy the following month. In May 1943 she was assigned to Operation Husky, the allied invasion of Sicily. On 18 June 1943 Abbeydale sailed from Gibraltar bound for Alexandria in Convoy XTG 2. On 27 June 1943 she was torpedoed by U-73 off the Algerian coast.
On February 3, the newly appointed Russian prosecutor of the Lvov branch of the NKVD, Lopunov, received an order from the Deputy of the Peoples Committee of the Ministry for State Security V.N. Merkulov to send him to Moscow for a continuation of the investigation. Schorr was sent in convoy to the First Special Department of the Soviet NKVD. In the accompanying documentation, he was noted to be "healthy". In Moscow he was held in Lubyanka Prison, in the same cell with the Bund activist Victor Alter, the poet Władysław Broniewski, and the Polish Senator of the National Party professor Stanisław Głąbiński.
After the fall of Greece to the Axis, elements of the Greek armed forces managed to escape to the British-controlled Middle East. There they were placed under the Greek government in exile, and continued the fight alongside the Allies. The Greek Armed Forces in the Middle East fought on the North African Campaign, the Italian Campaign, the Dodecanese Campaign and commando raids against German positions in Greece, and participated in convoy duties in the Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. As in Greece, these forces too were plagued by political strife, culminating in the pro-EAM April 1944 mutiny.
After sailing in convoy to Pearl Harbor and back between 4 September and 24 September 1942, Cygnus cleared San Francisco, California, 10 October and arrived in Auckland, New Zealand, 3 November. Until 5 January 1944 she operated on a regular run carrying chilled meats and vegetables from Auckland to the American bases at Tongatapu, Tonga Islands; Pago Pago, American Samoa; Bora Bora, Society Islands; Cook Islands; and Funafuti, Ellice Islands. Between 18 January 1944 and 9 September 1945 she sailed on similar duty from Auckland and Napier, New Zealand, to Espiritu Santo and Efate, New Hebrides, the Solomon Islands; and Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Others participated in convoy escort missions, often accompanied by motorized infantry in BTR-60s. FAPLA logistics convoys were typically led by a bulldozer or tank modified with mine clearance equipment, followed closely by at least one BTR and a BMP-1. The purpose of the BMP in the convoy was to engage hostile armour with its cannon and anti-tank guided missiles. While the BTR-mounted infantry squad was capable of repelling attacks by lightly armed insurgents, towards the end of the 1980s more convoys were ambushed by South African expeditionary troops in their own armoured fighting vehicles.
Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, the ship was loaded with US Army supplies and sailed for New York, where she joined a convoy and sailed for France, on 4 July. The ships reached Brest, France, on 19 July; and, the next day, St. Francis proceeded to West Hampton, England, where she discharged her cargo. On 15 August, she sailed in convoy for the United States and reached Baltimore, on 27 August. Reloaded with Army supplies, she again got underway on 18 September, and steamed via New York, to France, and arrived at La Pallice, on 13 October.
She sailed in convoy for the western Pacific on 3 December, but returned two weeks later for conversion to a fighter director ship. She received special radio and radar equipment and completed radar picket training before departing on 27 January 1945 for the invasion of Iwo Jima. Assigned to the transport screen of Vice Admiral Richmond K. Turner's Task Force 51 (TF 51), she steamed via Eniwetok and Saipan and screened ships of the assault force during amphibious landings on 19 February. The next day, she joined the fire support group for shore bombardment and close support gunfire operations.
He served on until June 1911, and the next month became an instructor at the Naval Academy, where he remained for two years. During 1913 and 1914 he was first lieutenant on board , which operated off the east coast of Mexico. He was transferred to in 1915 and served as her executive officer and navigator until he was again assigned to the Naval Academy for duty until 1916. In March 1918 he was ordered to and in August 1918 reported as executive officer of , which was engaged in convoy service before the Armistice and later returned troops from France.
In August 1940, Antelope sailed in convoy to take part in Operation Menace, the attack on Dakar, but after the cruiser was torpedoed on 1 September 1940, she escorted her back to the Clyde, Scotland. Antelope then joined the 12th Destroyer Flotilla based at Greenock, Scotland. On 31 October 1940, Antelope was part of the escort convoy OB 237 when it encountered off northwestern Ireland. Depth charges from Antelope and drove U-31 to the surface, where her crew abandoned ship. Antelope attempted to board U-31, but collided with the unmanned submarine, damaging the destroyer and sinking U-31.
A French dockyard strike prevented them from loading any of the 3-inch guns or vehicles, but the Bofors guns were mounted on the ship's decks. The ship put to sea on 18 June and slowly made its way to Gibraltar, where the AA gunners disembarked and temporarily reinforced the garrison. On 27 June, 82 HAA Regiment arrived on the SS City of Cairo, and once they had been unloaded with their guns and equipment, 53 AA Rgt boarded the ship and sailed in convoy for the UK on 2 July.53 HAA Regt War Diary 1940–41, TNA file WO 166/2343.
She embarked over 1,300 occupation troops the following day and sailed as part of Task Force 31 for occupation landings on Japan. She anchored in Sagami Wan 27 August, and during midwatch 30 August entered Tokyo Bay to begin landing operations off Yokosuka. Her landing craft carried troops in the first wave and landed them at Yokosuka Airport at 0920. Steaming to Saipan 1 to 5 September, Lanier embarked marines of the 2d Division and carried them to Nagasaki, Kyūshū, 18 to 23 September. Sailing in convoy 26 September, Lanier reached Manila Bay, Luzon, 1 October and joined the “Magic Carpet” fleet.
Already in 1755 he was captain of a warship, distinguishing himself in convoy escort duties against the attacks of pirates. In 1758 he was charged to lead an expedition to the Atlantic Ocean in order to escort home Venetian merchant vessels and conclude a new trade agreement with Portugal. During this mission he encountered a tempest that lasted for two months and confined his ship, the San Carlo, to the coasts; during this storm he narrowly escaped shipwreck and gave proof of his seamanship and command skills, earning universal acclaim on his return to Venice in August 1759.
Seekonk was the fourth of a group of small, single screw, engine-aft, diesel propelled tankers accepted by the Navy during World War II. After fitting out at Staten Island, New York; shakedown training in Chesapeake Bay; and post-shakedown availability at the Norfolk Navy Yard, Seekonk got underway in convoy on 22 March 1944 for Aruba, Netherlands West Indies. Putting into Nicolas Bay, Aruba, on 1 April, Seekonk loaded cargo, fuel, and aviation gasoline and departed the next day for the Panama Canal Zone. On 10 April, the gasoline tanker departed Balboa for New Guinea, arriving at Finschaven on 1 June.
The waterway was surveyed by crew members of in 1788, and named Pitt Water after William Pitt the Younger, the then Prime Minister of Great Britain. The first regular water transport across Pittwater was the cutter Francis which carried settlers and farm produce from Sydney between 1793 and 1800. By 1803 a fleet of privately owned coasters had begun operating between Pittwater, Cowan Creek and Berowra Waters, usually travelling in convoy to reduce the risk of piracy by escaped convicts living along the shore. These vessels were generally built on Scotland Island and were not sufficiently seaworthy to leave Broken Bay.
She carried thousands of troops to and from staging areas; on one run between the Green Islands and Guadalcanal in late May, she carried more than 1,500 soldiers. Mintaka departed Guadalcanal 26 September; operated out of Manus, Admiralties, during much of October; and sailed in convoy 26 October, for shuttle duty in the Palaus. Between 31 October and 30 November, she operated from Kossol Passage south to Peleliu discharging troops and cargo. After embarking 994 veterans of the Palaus' campaign, she returned to Guadalcanal 10 December, and resumed shuttle runs among the Solomons and the Bismarck Archipelago.
Following shakedown off the Pacific Coast, Putnam glided beneath the Golden Gate Bridge on 30 December 1944 to take her place with the Pacific Fleet. Arriving Pearl Harbor 2 January 1945, the destroyer prepared for her first offensive operation, and got under way on 29 January for the Marianas Islands, screening the transports carrying 4th and 5th Marine Divisions. Pausing briefly at Eniwetok, Saipan, and Tinian, the destroyer steamed from Guam 17 February in convoy en route to Iwo Jima. She arrived off Iwo Jima on D-Day (19 February) with the amphibious landing and battle underway.
Almaack—with a cargo of heavy roadbuilding equipment and coal—cleared New York in convoy on 27 July 1941, bound for Iceland. Screened by a battleship, three heavy cruisers, and seven destroyers, the convoy included Almaack, a transport, a storeship and an oiler, and the aircraft carrier —the latter with planes of the 33d Pursuit Squadron (Curtiss P-40s) on board, earmarked for the defense of the base in Iceland. The convoy reached Reykjavík on 6 August, with Wasp launching the planes without incident. Almaack discharged her cargo at Reykjavík over the ensuing days, and departed that port on 12 August.
The Levant company had been trading in the Mediterranean since 1580 after a successful petition to Queen Elizabeth I. They had established "factories" in Aleppo and Constantinople, Alexandria and Smyrna. The war with Spain in 1585 had started and as a result the company armed their ships as part of an investment by the English crown and sailed in convoy for their mutual protection. This proved successful as in July 1586 off Pantelleria island, five ships of the company managed to repel eleven Spanish galleys. After this victory the company's military strategy remained from that day.
In response, the RAN instituted convoys between Brisbane and Adelaide. All ships of over 1,200 tons and with speeds of less than were required to sail in convoy when travelling between cities on the east coast. The attack on Sydney and Newcastle marked the start of a sustained Japanese submarine campaign against Australia. During 1942, Japanese submarines sank 17 ships in Australian waters, although none of these ships were sailing as part of a convoy.Stevens 2005, pp. 205–207. 16 ships were sunk in Australian waters during 1943, before the Japanese ended the campaign in July.
The Desert Mounted Corps Memorial on Mount Clarence National Anzac Centre Ships carrying the Australian Imperial Force and the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (later known collectively as ANZACs) to Egypt to join World War I gathered at Albany in late October 1914. The first detachment departed in convoy on 1 November 1914, with a second detachment departing in late December 1914. Albany was the last place in Australia that these ANZACs saw. The Albany Anzac Peace Park and the Pier of Remembrance were dedicated in 2010, as a precursor to centenary commemorations planned for 2014–2018.
During the Hull Blitz the unit suffered some casualties while firefighting on 13/14 March 1941, and its own vehicles were bombed on 18/19 March. In April the unit was moved to Epworth, Lincolnshire, for training in bridgebuilding, and then to Selby in August. In October 1941 the unit was ordered to mobilise for overseas service, and in November the division came under War Office control. Mobilisation and training was continued at Chipping Norton through the winter, and on 11 April 1942 the company embarked at Liverpool aboard the Marnix van Sint Aldegond and sailed in convoy for India on 15 April.
The ships in convoy were proceeding at a speed of about , the weather was fine with great visibility. In the early morning of May 20 one of the last ships in the convoy column, SS Norman Monarch, was torpedoed which led to the whole convoy to start evasive maneuvers and laying smoke to conceal the vessels. At around 12:50 German submarine fired three torpedoes in quick succession at two large tankers, with both of them being hit within two minutes of each other and being set on fire. Cockaponset resumed evasive maneuvers also trying to stay clear of burning oil.
At Manus, James O'Hara embarked troops of the 1st Cavalry Division and departed in convoy 12 October for the invasion of Leyte. Assigned to the Northern Attack Force, she entered Leyte Gulf 20 October, closed about 7 miles off San Ricardo and debarked five waves of assault troops. After unloading 476 tons of combat cargo, she sailed that evening for the Palaus and arrived Kossol Passage the 23rd. She embarked survivors of escort carriers Gambier Bay and St. Lo, sunk while gallantly defending the Leyte beachhead in the Battle off Samar, and from 28 to 31 October carried them to Guam.
Shortly after his departure as commandant of Nootka Sound, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra met Gray in the Columbia with the Adventure in company. The two captains had previously discussed the idea of selling the Adventure, and agreed to discuss it further at Neah Bay, a Spanish outpost in the process of being abandoned. They sailed in convoy to Neah Bay, arriving on September 26. In addition to the Columbia and Adventure, Neah Bay was occupied by the Spanish vessels Princesa, Activa, under Salvador Fidalgo and Bodega y Quadra, and the American vessel , under former Columbia First Mate Joseph Ingraham.
52 The squadron began operations over the Western Desert, where it operated continuously until late 1942, participating in convoy protection, bomber escort and ground attack roles. Between June and September 1942, it was re- equipped with Hurricane IIBs.RAF Squadron Histories Under Squadron Leader Ioannis Kellas, the squadron participated in the air operations of the Second Battle of El Alamein; on 28 October 1942, the second anniversary of the Italian invasion of Greece, the squadron organized a strafing attack on the Italian XX Corps headquarters, an operation that was a huge morale booster for the expatriate Greeks.The Desert Squadrons, p.
After shakedown along the U.S. East Coast, this motor torpedo boat tender departed the U.S. 23 July 1943 in task group TG 29.6 for the Panama Canal, whence she continued to Australia. At Cairns, 10 October, she loaded PT Base 4 gear for transport to Kana Kope, New Guinea. On the 20th she arrived at Buna, New Guinea, and until 4 July 1944 repaired and serviced U.S. and Australian naval units operating along the New Guinea coast. Underway 4 July in convoy with and 8 units of MTB Squadron 25, Portunus arrived at Mios Woendi in the Schoutens 9 July.
Animation simulating a tanker silhouetted against lights of a city. When partial blackouts were introduced towards the middle of 1942, skyglow continued to be a problem in coastal cities. British experience in the first two years of World War II, which included the massive losses incurred to their shipping during the "First Happy Time" confirmed that ships sailing in convoy — with or without escort – were far safer than ships sailing alone. The British recommended that merchant ships should avoid obvious standard routings wherever possible; navigational markers, lighthouses, and other aids to the enemy should be removed, and a strict coastal blackout be enforced.
Less than three weeks after commissioning, Patapsco departed San Francisco in convoy for Pearl Harbor. From there, on 27 March, she steamed southwest to New Caledonia, whence she transported gasoline and other petroleum products to ships and bases in the Solomons and New Hebrides until November 1944. In December, after availability at Auckland, New Zealand, she returned to the Solomons, remaining until 12 May 1945, when she departed Guadalcanal for the Western Carolines. Based on Ulithi from 19 May until the end of the war, she shuttled POL (Petroleum, Oil, Lubricants) products to the Palaus, and, once, to Saipan.
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Campbell underwent a refit which continued until February 1940, when she took part in convoy escort operations in the North Sea and the Western Approaches. In April 1940, Campbell was diverted to Scapa Flow as a result of the German invasion of Norway, landing troops at Molde on 23 April. Campbell took part in evacuation operations from Harstad and Andfjorden between 3 and 12 June 1940, before returning to convoy escort duties, supplementing them by anti-invasion patrols. On 20 June 1940, the German submarine torpedoed and sank the cargo ship .
Ottawa proceeded alone from Pearl to Eniwetok, Marshalls, and Ulithi, Carolines, then departed the latter in convoy on 27 June 1945 bound for Okinawa. Completing discharge of cargo on 12 July, she then sailed via Ulithi and Manus for Espiritu Santo, arriving there on 28 July to load Army and Navy vehicles for delivery to Guam and Saipan. The ship departed Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, on 8 August and reached Apra Harbor, Guam, Marianas, on 15 August - V-J Day. After discharging her cargo at Guam, she proceeded to Saipan and completed unloading there on 28 August.
Often at dawn and dusk, the call to general quarters alerted all hands that enemy air raiders were nearby. Although Venango sighted no Japanese planes, enemy raiders hit numerous nearby land targets as the cargo ship lay at anchor off Okinawa. On 22 April, she departed the Ryukyus and reached Saipan on the 27th. On 1 May, she shifted from the anchorage to a dock in Tanapag harbor to load equipment and cargo of the 21st Naval Construction Battalion for transportation to Okinawa. Two days later, she departed Saipan in convoy and, on the 27th, stood into Nakafusuku Wan.
Within weeks of the UK entering the Second World War, Assyrian was sailing in convoys, starting with Convoy OA 7 in September 1939 which assembled off the coast of Southend and dispersed in the North Atlantic. Assyrian continued to Gibraltar, where she joined Convoy Green 4. Green 4 was bound for Port Said in Egypt, but Assyrian sailed with it only as far as Malta. From December 1939 until May 1940 she worked between Gibraltar and Liverpool, making outward voyages from Liverpool to Gibraltar in Convoy OG 15 in January and Convoy OG 24 in April.
The Henry Bacon was one of the thirty-eight merchant ships in convoy RA-64, which departed Kola Inlet, Murmansk, North Russia bound for Loch Ewe, Gourock, Scotland on Friday, 17 February 1945. The crew complement under Captain Alfred Carini was forty-one merchant seamen and twenty-six US Navy Armed Guard. The Henry Bacon was in ballast and carrying nineteen Norwegian civilian refugees, including women and children, as passengers. Before the convoy set sail, news had been received of a German attack on Norwegian patriots living on the island of Sørøya, in the approaches to the former German naval anchorage at Altafjord.
Assigned to duty with Service Squadron 8, Marl was towed to the Philippines where during the remainder of the war in the Pacific she provided facilities for storing and issuing United States Army and United States Marine Corps supplies at Leyte. On 23 September 1945 she departed San Pedro Bay under tow by and headed in convoy bound for Okinawa. A vicious typhoon dispersed the convoy north of the Philippines on 29 September, and mountainous seas parted Marl from her towline early the next day. She was recovered following the storm and towed to Subic Bay on 7 October.
After operating around Corsica, supporting occupation operations, Princess Beatrix sailed into the Adriatic Sea, and was the one of first ships to enter Ancona, after it was liberated. After a short stay at the east coast Princess Beatrix moved to the other side of the Italy, to transport French Special Forces on attacks on the French Mediterranean coast in "Operation Romeo". During the invasion of southern France in August 1944 Princess Beatrix was in convoy CR-1, landing French troops at between Hyères and Saint-Tropez. Princess Beatrix then sailed for the UK, arriving at the Clyde on 1 September 1944.
After shakedown out of St. Andrew's Bay, Florida LST-887 departed New Orleans on 10 December and steamed to San Diego, where she arrived the 31st to unload bulk cargo. Thence she reached Seattle, Washington on 13 January 1945; and, after embarking Army engineers and support equipment, she sailed in convoy for Pearl Harbor on 10 February. There she embarked Seabees following her arrival on 22 February, and on 4 March she joined a convoy bound for the western Pacific. After touching at Eniwetok and Saipan, LST-887 departed the Marianas on 26 March for the invasion of Okinawa.
Between 29 January and 16 April 1918, Carib made three voyages between Hampton Roads, Virginia, and Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying coal for United States ships performing convoy duty in the western Atlantic. She sailed in convoy from New York on 10 May, loaded with general cargo and petroleum products. After discharging her cargo at Gibraltar, Bizerte, Malta, and Corfu, Carib returned to Hampton Roads on 20 August. Clearing Hampton Roads on 6 September 1918 with a cargo of mines and general supplies for the force engaged in laying the North Sea Mine Barrage, Carib arrived in Corpach, Scotland, on 28 September.
The Bliss left in convoy from San Francisco on the 31st and arrived at Brisbane, Australia on 25 February 1942. On that date the 15th Reconnaissance Squadron was assigned as the group's fourth squadron, and re-designated the 405th Bomb Squadron on 22 April 1942. The ground personnel of the group were employed as service and construction troops, working at various bases until assignment to Charters Towers on 2 August. The advance party, however, found that the 3rd Bomb Group and its A-20 Havocs occupied all the desirable space and established a camp at Breddan on 7 August.
Following an abbreviated shakedown, Pegasus loaded military cargo including 600 depth charges and sailed in convoy for Iceland on 27 December. Despite fierce seas and the menace of German U-boats, she reached Reykjavík, Iceland, early in January 1942. There, raging winter storms driven by winds in excess of imperiled the ship and her cargo, and she did not return to the U.S. East Coast until late February. On 24 March Pegasus joined her second Iceland-bound convoy, and during the spring and summer months of 1942 she completed three round trips to Iceland and back.
The German airforce had superior aircraft until Spitfires were finally sent to Malta. Also at this time, German and Italian strategists were planning Operation Herkules, a sea and air invasion of the Maltese Islands, an effort continuously postponed – until it was too late, because the Maltese Islands finally received their vital supply of fuel, food and munitions. On 15 August 1942 (feast of Santa Maria) a convoy of Royal and Merchant Navy ships finally made port in Convoy of Santa Maria at Valletta's Grand Harbour, after completing what was considered one of the most heroic maritime episodes in recent history.
Despite the fact that Murmansk had limited port facilities and typically slow unloading of cargo, sometimes requiring ships to remain in port for weeks or months, West Nohno was ready to sail in Convoy QP 8 on 1 March, returning to Reykjavik on 11 March. She sailed for Halifax eleven days later and arrived on 7 April. West Nohno had made her way to Hampton Roads, Virginia, by 29 May, when she sailed for Key West, Florida. After her 4 June arrival at Key West, she began a nine-month journey to Alexandria, Cairo, and other ports.
Javelin being under heavy reconstruction, Pugsley shortly afterwards took command of , at Troon, within a flotilla commanded by Captain Guy Grantham, and proceeded to Gibraltar on convoy duty. At Gibraltar, Fearless was ordered to join Force H, under Vice-Admiral Sir James Somerville, responsible for the Western half of the Mediterranean. Over the next few months HMS Fearless was in the Mediterranean, involved in convoy duties to re-supply Malta and the bombardment of Genoa, trying to avoid the Italian air-force’s (and on occasion the Luftwaffe’s) attentions. In June 1941 Fearless shared the credit for the sinking of U138.
Vance Hall Kirkland was born in Convoy, Ohio on November 3, 1904. Hall was his mother's maiden name, which he dropped after the first few years of painting. He attended the Cleveland School of Art, receiving a Diploma Degree of Painting (1927) and a Bachelor of Education in Art Degree (BEA, 1928), continuing a second year of studies in art history and art education at the Cleveland School of Education and Western Reserve University (1926–1928).Hugh A. Grant, “Mysteries in Space: Discussions with Vance Kirkland,” in Vance Kirkland MYSTERIES IN SPACE (New York: Genesis Galleries Ltd.
After making a round trip to Calcutta from late November to late December, West Honaker arrived at Wellington on 26 January, sailing for New York via the Panama Canal three days later. West Honaker took on a load of grain and then proceeded in convoy from Boston to Halifax in early May, and on to Belfast Lough. After making a circuit to Avonmouth and Milford Haven, West Honaker sailed from Belfast Lough for New York on 25 June. She made one additional transatlantic roundtrip beginning in late August, carrying a cargo of explosives on her outbound trip, and returning in late October.
Between the world wars, Allan almost drowned after falling overboard in the North Atlantic — and would have done so had his captain not braved the precipitous storm, turned the ship around, and rescued him with the help of a life preserver and a rope ladder. In 1932 he was promoted to chief petty officer. Allan went on to serve on in the Second World War, sailing in convoy with HM Ships and . He retired from the Navy on 30 October 1947, after serving thirty-four years, being granted his war service rank of lieutenant prior to discharge.
Tamahoko Maru sailed on 20 June 1944 with 772 POWs (197 British, 42 American, 258 Australian and 281 Dutch) from Takao for Moji in convoy HO-02. There were also some 500 Japanese soldiers on board. On 24 June 1944 at 11:50 pm, in the Koshiki Straits 40 miles SW of Nagasaki, the Tamahoko Maru was torpedoed by and sank in less than 2 minutes at 32-24N, 129-38E. An escort picked up the Japanese survivors and left the POWs in the water, to be picked up the next morning by a small whaling ship, which brought 212 survivors to Nagasaki.
Course work on machinery, communications, weapons, motor transport and infantry tactics, are interspersed with field exercises that teach the cadets about camouflage, scouting and weapons handling. Due to its proximity to Lake Huron, cadets at Camp Ipperwash also receive a regular 45-minute swimming and life-saving lesson each day, and are always paired up with a partner for safety. For Cadet Williams, after completion of his initial training, he was placed in charge of 30 CMP trucks moved cross-country in convoy. An error in map-reading, however, led to his re-routing the convoy into Lake Huron.
After steaming to Norfolk and back to load cargo, Lake Catherine departed New York in convoy on 19 October and steamed to Rochefort, France, where she arrived on 10 November - one day before the Armistice ended the fighting on the Western Front. Assigned to coaling duty, she operated between British and French ports until 24 February 1919 when she arrived Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Two days later she began service for the U.S. Food Administration. While en route to Danzig, Germany, on 3 March, she rescued nine survivors after the German trawler Berthold struck a mine and sank.
She completed three round trips between Eniwetok and Guam and two between Eniwetok and Ulithi, escorting tankers, transports, escort carriers, and merchant ships. McGinty arrived at Ulithi on 27 April and served there as patrol ship until 15 June. After a run to Guam and back, she sailed in convoy for Okinawa, Japan on 1 July. She returned to Ulithi via Saipan on 12th, and completed a similar run to the Palau Islands and back on 23 July. She departed on a second Okinawa run on 4 August and returned to Ulithi on V-J Day.
Commissioned too late to take part in the Normandy invasion, LST-570 still sailed for the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater before being assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations. Records indicate that on 2 July 1944, LST-570 sailed from Seine Bay, France, with 440 Prisoners of War, in Convoy FCM 21, arriving in Falmouth the next day. She took part in the Philippines campaign, participating in the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf in January 1945 and the Battle of Okinawa in April through June 1945. Following the war, LST-570 performed occupation duty in the Far East.
On 25 January 1944 she departed Tateyama for Truk as a troop transport, which arrived there on 1 February 1944. In the morning of 18 February 1944, Akagi Maru departed Truk for Yokosuka, with 617 passengers in convoy 4215. She was escorted by the light cruiser , destroyers and , and minesweeping trawler Shonan Maru No. 15. Half an hour later, the convoy came under a massive attack from Grumman F6F Hellcat fighters and Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers from the United States aircraft carriers , , , and . At 0730, a bomb hit her forward hold No. 2 and caused heavy damage.
After embarking 1,229 soldiers, the ship got underway on 9 April, with a convoy bound for Tongatapu, arriving one month later and debarking her troops. George F. Elliott sailed 19 May, and arrived San Francisco, California, 5 June, for repairs. Soon ready for sea, she embarked 1,300 men of the 2d Battalion, 1st Marines, and stood out under the Golden Gate bridge 22 June, in convoy, reaching Wellington, New Zealand, 11 July, where combat gear and stores were loaded. As part of Task Force 62 she departed 22 July, for the 1st Marine Division's amphibious assault on Guadalcanal.
For about a month, she operated out of Norfolk in the lower Chesapeake Bay testing fueling at sea gear and techniques. On 26 April, Aucilla departed Norfolk in company with the destroyer and, five days later, arrived in Baytown, Texas. After taking on a cargo of fuel, the ship stood out of Baytown on 4 May and arrived at Staten Island, New York, on the 8th. On 14 May, she was underway, in convoy, for the British Isles. The oiler parted company with the convoy on 25 May and entered port at Liverpool, England, that same day.
Polaris made five round trips from the U.S. East Coast to Reykjavík, Iceland from June 1942 to February 1943. She then made five voyages from the U.S. East Coast to Port of Spain, Trinidad, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, March to July 1943. From October 1943 to February 1944 she made four more voyages to the Caribbean, touching at Port of Spain, Trinidad; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; Hamilton, Bermuda; the Virgin Islands; and San Juan, Puerto Rico. From March through September 1944 Polaris made three round-trip voyages in convoy from the east coast to Oran, Algeria, and other Mediterranean ports.
In September 1939 Wolverine was allocated to the 15th Destroyer Flotilla at Rosyth for East Coast convoy defence. On 5 September she deployed with , and as escort for convoy GC1 from Milford Haven. She was based at Milford Haven and engaged in convoy escort duty in the English Channel and South-West Approaches. During this period she escorted 19 convoys, one of which was attacked. In April 1940 she was transferred to the Home Fleet for the Norwegian campaign for convoy defence and support. On 14 May she deployed with to escort the Polish troopship as she delivered reinforcements and AA guns to Bodø.
Two days later, having disembarked her troops there, Bingham got underway for Hawaii and reached Pearl Harbor on 21 April. During the first half of May, Bingham took part in amphibious warfare training off Maui. Returning from these evolutions to Pearl Harbor on 14 April, she took on board the Navy's 74th Construction Battalion ("Seabees") between 15 and 20 May, and sailed for the Marshall Islands on 20 May. After steaming in convoy with , , and SS Robin Wentley with and as escort, Bingham dropped out of the convoy on the morning of 22 May, because of a bad gasket leak in a high pressure steam line.
In his report after the battle, Rainier described the Dutch frigate as "launched in 1800 and is a fast sailing ship". The journey to Madras had revealed that she was in fact much older and very unstable at sea. Java and all hands disappeared six months later in a February 1807 hurricane in the west Indian Ocean while in convoy with the flagship of Sir Thomas Troubridge HMS Blenheim during a hurricane in the western Indian Ocean.Grocott, p. 233 Rainier remained in the Pacific for some time, capturing the valuable Spanish ship San Raphael in January 1807, but ultimately his career stalled on his return to Europe.
Wilhelmina remained under the Matson house flag through the 1920s and 1930s. In 1927, Wilhelmina was one of two ships that steered to aid the Travel Air 5000 City of Oakland in its successful transpacific flight attempt. Sold to British interests in 1940, Wilhelmina was in Convoy HX 90, steaming ing from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, to Liverpool, England, in the North Atlantic, on 2 December 1940 when the German submarine U-94, part of a wolfpack that included of Scapa Flow fame, drew a bead on a tanker and the steamer W. Hendrik, and fired two torpedoes. Both missed but continued on to strike and sink Wilhelmina.
By the end of the war there were 11 Coast Guard ocean stations in the Atlantic, acting as plane guards and radio beacons as well as weather reporters. Mojave was assigned to the Greenland Patrol in 1942, where she took part in convoy escort and rescue operations. While acting as escort for the slow group of Convoy SG-6 which had departed Sydney, Nova Scotia on 25 August, she assisted in the rescue of 570 men from the torpedoed army transport USAT Chatham. The escort and anti- submarine accomplishments of the cutters were truly vital to the winning of the Battle of the Atlantic.
Assigned to task group TG 77.9 as a reinforcement transport, Latimer cleared Seeadler Harbor 2 January 1945, bound for Lingayen Gulf. She arrived off San Fabian, Luzon, 11 January; discharged troops and support equipment; then steamed 13 to 27 January via Leyte Gulf and Manus to Wakde, New Guinea, where she embarked additional troops for passage to Luzon. After steaming to Lingayen Gulf 2 to 10 February, she sailed the 10th for Leyte Gulf and arrived 14 February to prepare for the invasion of Okinawa. During most of March Latimer rehearsed assault landings off Samar before departing San Pedro Bay in convoy 27 March.
Departing in convoy on 30 December, she reached Lingayen Gulf on 9 January 1945, and there served as control ship for the landings at San Fabian Beach. The Japanese launched heavy air attacks against American shipping: and, while PC-1119 was returning to Leyte as a convoy escort, she was narrowly missed by suicide planes on 12 January and 13 January. She returned to Luzon on 29 January, and after supporting landings at San Felipe and San Narciso by troops of the 8th U.S. Army, she arrived at Subic Bay on 3 February. On 15 February, she escorted landing craft from Subic Bay for landings at Mariveles, Bataan.
USS Barnett (APA-5) sailed in convoy UGF 8A and was typical of the troopships in fast convoys. Commencing with UGF 2, sailing New York 6 November 1942, fast eastbound convoys were sailed along the southern trans-Atlantic route at irregular intervals of about 25 days until June 1943. Convoys UGF 2 and UGF 3 terminated in Casablanca, and the termination point was extended into the Mediterranean port of Oran with convoy UGF 4. In preparation for the Allied invasion of Sicily, convoys UGF 8 and UGF 9 sailed in two sections with the second section being identified as UGF 8A and UGF 9A, respectively.
Because of the decentralised nature of the convoy system, the RNAS had no say in the composition or use of air escorts. The northeast of England led the way in the use of aircraft for short- and long-range escort duty, but shore-based aerial "hunting patrols" were widely considered a superior use of air resources. Subsequent historians have not agreed, although they have tended to overstress the actual use made of aircraft in convoy escort duty. An Admiralty staff study in 1957 concluded that the convoy was the best defence against enemy attacks on shipping, and dismissed shore-based patrols while commending the use of air support in convoying.
On 15 May 1941 Stratheden left Suez for a long, indirect, unescorted voyage home to Britain. She called at Port Sudan, Mombasa, Durban and Cape Town, then crossed the Atlantic twice: westward to Trinidad, where she called on 5–6 June, and then eastward to the Clyde, where she arrived on 18 June. Stratheden next made two crossings to Canada. On 8 August 1941 she left the Clyde carrying 3,391 troops in Convoy CT 1 to Halifax, and on 26 August she left Halifax with Convoy TC 12B carrying 3,269 troops to the Clyde. On 17 September she left the Clyde carrying 3,169 troops with Convoy WS 1 to Halifax.
On 16 February 1942 Stratheden left the Clyde carrying 4,134 troops in Convoy WS 16. She called at Freetown and Durban, where WS 16 divided and she continued with WS 16B to Bombay, where she arrived on 8 April. On 18 April Stratheden left Bombay unescorted for her return voyage. She called at Cape Town and Freetown and reached the Clyde on 23 May. In 1942 led Convoy WS 20, in which Stratheden sailed from the Irish Sea to Sierra Leone On 21 June 1942 Stratheden left the Clyde carrying 4,496 troops and joined Convoy WS 20, which included 15 troop ships and carried least 44,305 troops.
92-94 In this role Burwell was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In sixteen months service Burwell escorted 24 Atlantic and three Gibraltar convoys, of which seven were attacked, and she was involved in two major convoy battles; around SC 52 in November 1941 and KMS 10 in March 1943. A notable incident during this period was her involvement in the capture of the German U-boat U-570 in August 1941. In October 1943 Burwell was withdrawn to the Reserve and converted to an Air target Ship.
In February 1941, then Commander Carney was recalled from duty in the Pacific to assist in organizing, equipping, and training a special Surface-Air Force, having as its mission the protection of shipping against submarine and air attack. This force became fully involved in convoy escort prior to the involvement of the United States into the war. From September 13, 1941,Carney, Robert B., ADM USN "Comment and Discussion" United States Naval Institute Proceedings January 1976 p.74 until April 1942, this force, under command of Vice Admiral Arthur L. Bristol, Jr., escorted over 2,600 ships on the ocean lanes while suffering the loss of only six ships.
From January 1943 he was flag officer of the 10th Cruiser Squadron and was promoted to vice admiral in that role on 9 December 1943. Flying his flag in , he saw action in the North Sea and in the Arctic Ocean off the coast of Norway in convoy escort duty, particularly on 26 December at the Battle of North Cape, where he played a major role in the sinking of the (in most accounts of the battle he is described as a rear admiral). He was Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic Station from 1944. He became Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth in 1947 and retired from active service in May 1950.
On May 2, 1683, the captain of the frigate HMS Falcon was sailing from England to the West Indies and beckoned the other officers to be present as he broke open his secret instructions. He learned that his mission was to aid in the hunt for a large treasure near Hispaniola. A sloop in convoy, HMS Bonetta (sometimes Bonito), was designated to do most of the searching, but Falcon would act as aid and protection. These instructions were from Sir John Narborough, a rear admiral and commissioner of the Royal Navy, who also had the ear of King Charles II.Peter Earle (1979) p. 122-125.
Lieutenants of the RNR (left) and RNVR (right) during the Second World War—note the difference in insignia styles. On commencement of hostilities in the Second World War, the RN once again called upon the experience and professionalism of the RNR from the outset to help it to shoulder the initial burden until sufficient manpower could be trained for the RNVR and 'hostilities only' ratings. Again, RNR officers found themselves in command of destroyers, frigates, sloops, landing craft and submarines, or as specialist navigation officers in cruisers and aircraft carriers. In convoy work, the convoy commodore or escort commander was often an RNR officer.
Touching at St Helena for water, he found the island in the possession of the Dutch. After a spirited attack by sea and land he captured it on 4 May, and three Dutch East Indiamen, richly laden, who anchored in the bay, were seized. With his squadron and prizes and the homeward-bound ships in convoy, Munden arrived in England in August, and on 6 December was knighted by the king, "in consideration of his eminent service". In April 1677, in command of the St David, he convoyed the trade to the Mediterranean, was for some time at Zante, afterwards at Scanderoon, and for fourteen months at Smyrna.
Colonel Alexander Montgomery (1686 – 19 December 1729) was an Irish soldier and politician. Montgomery, of the Scots Greys cavalry, lived in Convoy House, Convoy, County Donegal, Ireland. He was born into an Ulster Scots gentry family in 1686, the second son of Major John Montgomery and his first wife Catherine, the daughter of the Reverend James Auchinleck. The Montgomerys of Convoy were part of the County Donegal branch of the Clan Montgomery. He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Donegal Borough in 1725 until the General Election in 1727 and then returned for County Donegal in 1727 until his death on 19 December 1729, at the age of 43.
At the outbreak of hostilities in September 1939 Enchantress was allocated to convoy escort duty, coming under the direction of Western Approaches Command. In this role Enchantress was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In the six-year Atlantic campaign Enchantress escorted more than 100 trade convoys, mostly on the Gibraltar and South Atlantic routes, ensuring the safe and timely arrival of more than 3,000 ships. Enchantress was involved in three convoy battles during 1940, and a fourth in 1941, all on the North Atlantic route.
The Battenberg course indicator is a mechanical calculating device invented by Prince Louis of Battenberg in 1892 for taking station on other vessels whose range, bearing, course and speed are known. By extension, it has a range of other functions related to relative velocity calculations. A number of versions of the device were produced and it proved particularly useful for station-keeping, such as ships moving in convoy during World War II. Manufacture of the instruments was contracted to Elliott Brothers, London. Devices based on the Battenberg indicator were also developed for determining course and distance in aviation and when making allowances for aircraft drift due to winds.
Free French frigate escorting SS Empire Javelin that rescued her survivors SS Empire Javelin embarked 1,483 US servicemen at Southampton for Le Havre, France on 28 December 1944. She was in convoy with USS LST-325 and escorted by the Free French frigate L'Escarmouche. In the English Channel on the afternoon of the 28th there was an explosion without warning at ; at least 20 lives were lost and 20 more injured.The Daily Mirror, 11 July 1945 The L'Escarmouche was called alongside once the extent of the damage had been assessed, and for approximately an hour the men on board the Empire Javelin jumped from the ship.
Reclassified a net laying ship and redesignated AN-35 on 20 January 1944, Teak passed under the Golden Gate Bridge shortly before sunset on 2 March and set her course for the South Pacific Ocean. Proceeding via Samoa, she reached New Guinea on 4 April and began operating out of Milne Bay and the nearby Trobriand Islands. For the next six months, she provided towing services in nearby waters, carried cargoes, placed sonar buoys, and took up unneeded buoys and moorings. Reassigned to the Leyte Gulf Service Unit of the U.S. 7th Fleet Service Force, she departed Humboldt Bay in convoy on 18 October and entered Leyte Gulf on the 24th.
Arriving Guam 28 September, McCoy Reynolds served on convoy and escort duty; 25 and 26 October she screened ships of task group TG 30.8 east of Luzon as they refueled hard-hitting carriers of the Fast Carrier Task Force. She escorted two merchant troopships, to Leyte Gulf 11 to 14 November, sailed in convoy 15 November, and arrived at Kossol, Palaus, the 18th. With the destroyer escort , she began a sonar search at 1055 on 19 November for a submarine that had been spotted in the western entrance to Kossol Roads. Four hours later she made contact and closed to attack with hedgehogs and depth charges.
In May 1815, a British East Indiaman, Arniston, was rounding the Cape in convoy on a journey to repatriate wounded British soldiers from Ceylon. The ship lacked a chronometer – an expensive instrument at the time – and consequently had to rely on other ships in the fleet to calculate the longitude of the group. After being separated from the convoy in heavy seas, the captain of Arniston was obliged to rely solely on dead reckoning to navigate. Thinking incorrectly that he was west of the Cape of Good Hope, the master steered north for St Helena and ran the ship onto the rocks at Waenhuiskrans.
Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, Westover steamed to New York City, where she took on a capacity cargo of general United States Army supplies and got underway in convoy on 27 May 1918 bound for St. Nazaire, France. She developed engine trouble during the voyage and fell astern of the convoy. She continued toward France alone and at low speed until 0730 on 11 July 1918, when the submerged German submarine U-92 torpedoed her and sent her to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean at with the loss of 11 members of her crew.Online Library of Selected Images: Westover (American Freighter, 1918).
In March 1941, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr. considered Tallapoosa and sister ship along with and several other older cutters to be included in a Lend-lease agreement with Great Britain, but they were considered too old to be of much service and were retained by the Coast Guard. Ten newer Lake-class cutters were sent to the Lend-lease program instead.Johnson, pp 182-183Walling, p 14 Tallapoosa remained in the 6th Naval District throughout World War II where she engaged in convoy and anti-submarine work. Between 30 May and 22 June 1942, she searched small areas where submarines had been sighted, but with negative results.
Planter was assigned to Service Squadron Five, Atlantic Fleet, and got underway in convoy for the Mediterranean, 13 May 1944, reaching the Azores on 24 May, and arriving at Bizerte, Tunisia, 12 June. She continued on to put into Naples, thence to southern France to support minesweeping and buoy laying operations conducted during and after Operation Dragoon. At Toulon, on 1 September, she rescued 31 survivors from , sunk by a mine, then resumed her support activities, continuing them until departing for Bizerte 12 November. From the latter she sailed to Cagliari, Sardinia, thence to Oran, en route back to the United States, arriving at Norfolk on 17 January 1945.
For her third voyage, John W. Brown loaded a cargo of 7,845.5 measurement tons (314,180 cubic feet; 8,889 cubic meters) of TNT, gasoline, and general cargo and took aboard 339 U.S. Army personnel - 36 officers and 303 enlisted men - as passengers. Departing Hampton Roads in convoy on 15 September 1943, she arrived at Oran in French Algeria on 4 October 1943 after an uneventful trip. Her passengers disembarked there on 6 October, and she completed unloading her cargo on 15 October. She embarked 15 officers and 346 men of the U.S. Armys 1st Armored Division and loaded 274 of the divisions vehicles, including 61 tanks.
On 3 June, a Japanese bomber splashed in the transport area; and, the next day, Venango made an emergency sortie with a six-ship merchant convoy to ride out an approaching typhoon. However, the typhoon did not strike Okinawa; and Venango returned to Nakagusuku Wan on the 5th and resumed unloading. On the 6th, action picked up; and observers on the cargo ship witnessed the air attack in which destroyer minelayers and shot down six Japanese aircraft, despite serious damage to both ships by kamikazes. Venango departed Okinawa in convoy on the 19th and steamed via Saipan to Pearl Harbor where she arrived on 29 June.
West Cheswald sailed in several transatlantic convoys, like this typical one, seen in 1942. West Cheswalds next sailing began on 6 June, when she left Boston for Halifax, sailing from the latter port on 16 June in Convoy SC-134 bound for Liverpool. Breaking off from the convoy for Loch Ewe, West Cheswald also visited Methil, Southend, and Oban, before returning to New York on 11 August. Sailing from there on 6 September, she began her final trip to Africa, in which she visited the West African ports of Bathurst, Freetown, Monrovia, and Takoradi before returning to Philadelphia via Trinidad on 27 January 1944.
After shakedown and training off Panama City, Florida, LST-888 departed New Orleans on 14 December 1944 for duty in the western Pacific Ocean. Steaming via the Panama Canal and San Diego, she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 16 January 1945 and there embarked Army troops and vehicles before sailing for the Philippines on 27 January. She arrived at Leyte Gulf via Eniwetok on 25 February and joined in intensive preparations for the decisive amphibious operations in the Ryukyu Islands. LST-888 departed in convoy from Leyte Gulf on 19 March, and a week later she reached Kerama Retto to debark troops at Geruma Shima and Tokashiki Jima.
During June and July, Jones acted as escort ship for Mediterranean convoys and took part in training for the invasion of Southern France. She departed Naples 13 August in convoy with French and British ships for the invasion, arriving 3 days later. The destroyer not only provided gunfire support missions during the assault, but also acted as electronic jamming vessel in the successful attempt to prevent radio-controlled bombs from harassing the area. In the weeks that followed she continued to range up and down the coast in support of the First Airborne Task Force destroying bridges, gun emplacements, railroad facilities and coastal vessels.
Orions first voyage as a troopship was to Egypt, then to Wellington, New Zealand to transport troops to Europe. She departed Wellington on 6 January 1940 and sailed in convoy for Sydney, Australia, to rendezvous with her sister ship Orcades, the convoy then sailing from Australia to Egypt. On 15 September 1941, while part of a convoy carrying troops to Singapore, she was following the battleship HMS Revenge in the South Atlantic when the warship's steering gear malfunctioned and Orion rammed Revenge, the impact causing severe damage to Orions bow. She continued to Cape Town where temporary repairs were made and then continued to Singapore where more permanent repairs were performed.
At the end of the year she was deployed to the Western Approaches Escort Force for Atlantic convoy defence. typical escort duty; ship under attack from U-boats In this role Malcolm was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In twelve months service Malcolm escorted 29 Atlantic and 3 Gibraltar convoys, of which 10 were attacked, and she was involved in two major convoy battles. In February 1941 Malcolm joined the newly formed 8th Escort Group as senior ship, her captain, Cdr C D Howard–Johnston, being Senior Officer Escort (SOE).
This took place on October 13, but it was only on Monday October 20, that they left to meet with ships in the Minas Basin, leaving Grand Pré, to sail in convoy to New England, Maryland, and other ports in the Thirteen Colonies. The English did not burn the farms in the village as had happened in some of the other communities in the region. In the ensuing guerilla warfare that took place between 1755 and 1758, farms were burnt by both sides. Many buildings remained standing though as they were distributed by lottery after 1760 to the New England Planters who settled on the Acadians former lands.
On 15 March New Kent departed the Guadalcanal area, and after a short stop at Ulithi, arrived off the western beaches of Okinawa on the morning of L-Day, 1 April. Landing her troops that afternoon, New Kent sent a beach party ashore the next day and then remained in the transport area, subject to frequent enemy air attack, until departing in convoy for Pearl Harbor on 7 April. After stopping en route at Guam, the convoy reached Pearl Harbor on 23 April. New Kent remained in the Hawaiian Islands for one month, engaged in amphibious training exercises off Hawaii and in air-submarine exercises off Nihoa until 29 May.
On the morning of 9 April, the attack transport sailed for the Marshalls in convoy PD-372T—with also , Sea Flasher, and the minesweepers and —and anchored at Eniwetok on the morning of 18 April. The following day, after picking up additional escorts in the form of and PCE-898, the convoy sailed thence for the Marianas. Braxton reached Saipan early on 23 April and disembarked some of her passengers before pushing on to Guam which she reached on the afternoon of the 26th. There, she disembarked her remaining out-bound passengers before embarking U.S. Marine Corps officers and enlisted men for the return voyage on 1 May.
Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 5 June, the attack transport disembarked passengers from the U.S. West Coast and embarked 5 army officers and 296 enlisted men for the voyage westward, returning to sea on the 8th bound for the Marshalls. Following a stop at Eniwetok on 15 and 16 June, she pushed on to Saipan, remained there from the 19th through the 26th, and finally headed on to Ulithi. Underway from that atoll on 20 July in convoy UOK 39, consisting of 40 ships—both merchant and naval—the vessel arrived at Okinawa soon thereafter and discharged her cargo near Kinmu Wan on 25 July.
The plane's bomb exploded upon impact, and the warship immediately lost steering control with her rudder jammed in a hard left turn. With her after engine room completely demolished, both port and starboard depth charge tracks inoperative, her smoke generators pierced, the main deck buckled and pierced, and three compartments of her hull opened to the sea, Bright circled for the next hour. Still full of fight, however, she teamed up with nearby just minutes after that attack to open up on another "bogey" and splashed him. Towed to Kerama Retto for emergency repairs, Bright got underway in convoy on 22 May and, proceeding via Ulithi and Eniwetok, arrived at Pearl Harbor on 14 June.
At first only two cars made the trip weekly, but by 1925, eight or nine, or even twelve, cars were travelling at the same time. The original bedouin guides were dropped in favour of extra drivers and the cars changed from daytime travel to driving in the cooler temperatures at night. The cars travelled in convoy, following well established routes that avoided wells or wadis where raiders might be hiding, and regularly checking on each other. The drivers became acclimatised to the conditions and were experts in the gilhooley maneuver where a car would spin several times, without turning over, on the polished mud flats that were part of the journey, before the driver regained control.
After the outbreak of Communist aggression against the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in June 1950, LST-859 departed Pearl Harbor on 18 August for the Far East. She arrived Kobe, Japan on 5 September and there embarked elements of the 1st Marine Division for the scheduled invasion at Inchon, South Korea, which was designed to spearhead the American counteroffensive against Communist troops from North Korea. Assigned to Task Element 90.32, LST-859 sortied in convoy on 10 September and arrived off Inchon on 15 September while a combined air-sea bombardment blasted enemy defenses. Late that afternoon, the LST closed "Red Beach;" and, as lead ship, she came under heavy mortar and machine gun fire.
McConnell patrolled between Eniwetok and Kwajalein until on 23 July when she sailed to escort ships carrying men and supplies for the recapture of Guam. She closed the western coast of Guam on 28 July, protected off-loading ships from enemy submarines, thence returned to Eniwetok in convoy on 29 July to 2 August. Departing the Marshalls on 20 August, she arrived Manus, Admiralties, the 26th; and, on 1 September, sailed with ships of the Logistics Support Group (TG 30.8). During much of the month she escorted oilers and supply ships as they replenished ships of the Fast Carrier Task Force, then carrying out devastating air strikes in the Palaus and the Philippines.
She then sailed for New York, arriving on 23 April. The next day she joined another convoy, which arrived in the Thames Estuary on 5 May, two days before the German surrender. Four Lakes sailed from Southend, Essex, on 8 May, and although the war in Europe was officially over, the normal wartime routine was maintained, with the ship sailing in convoy with a naval escort, and arriving at New York on 19 May. On 4 June, following a refit, and under the command of James R. McWilliams, with a cargo of 100-octane gasoline and P-51 Mustang fighters as deck cargo, she sailed for Madras, India, arriving there on 4 July.
At 2112 on 11 June, struck a mine while proceeding in convoy through a channel to the assault area, and Amesbury hastened to her assistance. Three smaller craft arrived on the scene and were busily picking up survivors before the destroyer escort reached the tank landing ship's side. As soon as ' cleared LST-496, LCDR Wilber skillfully maneuvered Amesbury alongside the stricken amphibious ship and moored her to remove the remainder of the LST's crew and embarked troops, summoning a doctor from ' to treat the injured men taken on board. Meanwhile, the tug ' arrived on the scene and, with the assistance of Amesbury's sailors on board LST-496, secured a tow line to the crippled ship.
SS Sardinia was built by Barclay Curle & Company of Glasgow, Scotland, and entered service with the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company after she was launched on 12 June 1902. She was immediately chartered by the British government as a transport ship to bring back troops from the recently ended Second Boer War in South Africa, and had her maiden voyage from London to Cape Town in August 1902. Most notably, she was torpedoed in the starboard bow by a German submarine, while in convoy in the Mediterranean during the First World War. Her passengers and most of the crew were transferred to a warship, but senior officers and some crew remained on board.
And France capitulated on 22 June, ceding her entire Channel and Atlantic coasts to Germany, which brought shipping to and from Southampton within easier range of enemy attack. Stratheden diverted to Cape Town, where she joined Orient Line's and Pacific Steam's to form Convoy BC C which sailed on 24 June 1940 for Freetown in Sierra Leone. There they joined three other UK merchant ships to form Convoy BC A, which the Royal Navy escorted to Liverpool, arriving on 16 July. was the largest troop ship in Convoy WS 2, in which Stratheden sailed from Liverpool to the Indian Ocean in 1940 On 5 August 1940 Stratheden left Liverpool carrying 699 passengers and 317 troops.
Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, West Gambo departed Seattle on 30 July 1918 bound for Port Costa, California, where she loaded a full cargo of flour consigned to the American Red Cross. After transiting the Panama Canal, she arrived at New York City on 31 August 1918. West Gambo departed New York in convoy for Russia with her cargo of flour on 18 September 1918 and reached Archangel in North Russia on 12 October 1918. While she was there, Archangel was suffering through an outbreak of influenza, and the hospital corpsman aboard cargo ship USS Aniwa (ID-3146), also unloading at Archangel, fell ill along with other members of Aniwas crew.
Capps cleared New York 7 September 1943 to begin the operations which would see her fighting the Axis powers on both sides of the world, sailing in convoy for Scapa Flow, Scotland. She arrived 17 September for exercises with the British Home Fleet. In a mixed task force of American and other Allied ships, led by the aircraft carrier , Capps stood out of Scapa Flow 3 October to cross the Arctic Circle for the first raid on German shipping at Norway's port of Bodø, where coal and iron ore were loaded for Germany. Ships and docks were left burning and sinking, and Capps returned to Scapa Flow unscathed by German air attack.
After shakedown, Pasquotank sailed from New York Harbor, in convoy, for Aruba, Netherlands West Indies, where she loaded fuel oil and proceeded, via the Panama Canal, to Bora Bora, Society Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean. She arrived Bora Bora, 3 December 1943, and from there, through February 1944, she traveled extensively in the Fiji, New Hebrides, and Solomon Islands, carrying aviation gas and diesel fuel. She unloaded fuel for U.S. Marine air groups at perimeter strips in the Torokina area during March, while they were under siege by the Japanese. In May she set up a shuttle service for the Air Force which was conducting raids against Truk, Rabaul, and Kavieng from Green and Treasury Islands.
On 19 January 1945 she headed for Pearl Harbor, whence she shuttled gasoline to Canton Island in February. In March, she sailed for Ulithi with a cargo of aviation gasoline and diesel fuel and in May crossed the remaining distance to Okinawa in convoy UOK–11, anchoring off the Hagushi beaches on the 16th. Assigned to shuttle oil and gasoline from larger tankers to the fleet’s smaller ships, she shifted to Ie Shima, on the 19th and to Kerama Retto on the 29th. Remaining in the area through the end of World War II, Ponchatoula continued her shuttle service until 14 December 1945 when she got underway for the United States and inactivation.
She also survived a U-boat attack on a small convoy of troopships transiting the English Channel from Southampton, England to Cherbourg, France, containing just herself and SS Leopoldville. While protected by an escort of four destroyers steaming in a diamond-shaped screen surrounding the transports, Leopoldville was torpedoed and sunk by on 24 December 1944. Over 800 men were killed including 763 U.S. soldiers headed for deployment in the Battle of the Bulge. During Cheshires very next run, delivering the U.S. 289th Engineer Combat Battalion to Le Havre from Southampton between 28 and 31 December 1944, a troop transport in convoy on the same route, was lost to a possible mine on 28 December.
After fitting out, Lynx reported on 6 August 1943, to the Commandant, Twelfth Naval district, for assignment to the Naval Transportation Service (NTS), Lynx loaded cargo at San Francisco and departed for the western Pacific 28 August 1943, in Convoy PW 2294. Proceeding via Espiritu Santo, in the New Hebrides, the new cargo vessel touched at Auckland, New Zealand, 26 October, and Rarotonga, 2 November, then returned to Espiritu Santo en route back to the west coast of the United States. Completing an overhaul at the Hurley Marine Works, Oakland, California, on 7 December 1943, Lynx shifted to berth no.3, Encinal Terminal, Alameda, California, later the same day, and began loading cargo.
She also carried out screening duties for major Home Fleet warships. In January and February 1940 she was under repair at HMNB Devonport for work which included the replacement of turbine blades, damaged due to excess stress during high speed steaming in inclement weather, and the installation of de-gaussing equipment for protection against magnetic mines. She returned to active service in March, and took part in convoy escorts to and from Norway, as well as sweeps to intercept German warships. Whilst carrying out these duties, Matabele came under heavy air attacks on 13 April, and again on 16 April, but escaped undamaged. On 17 April she escorted the cruisers and to Bodø.
With Force "H" she took part in convoy protection patrols in the Atlantic and operated in the Mediterranean. During the sortie of the in May 1941 she was employed in Iceland and Faroes waters, but by July she had returned to the Mediterranean, where she escorted Malta convoys and herself ran supply trips to the island. Towards the end of 1941 she returned to home waters and took part in the Lofoten raid in December, where she was damaged by near misses. After refit and repair at Chatham until April 1942, she returned to the Mediterranean in June 1942, where she joined the 15th Cruiser Squadron, operating mostly in support of the resupply of Malta.
After the United States entered World War II, Pan Gulf frequently sailed in convoys on the North Atlantic, as well as some in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Between April and September 1942, Pan Gulf made two roundtrips from the U.S. to Liverpool. In September, the cargo ship sailed from New York to the Caribbean to take on a load of bauxite in early November, and then sailed on to Galveston, Texas, before returning to New York in mid-February 1943. In late February, Pan Gulf began the first of a further seven roundtrips to the United Kingdom over the next 21 months, when she sailed from New York in Convoy HX 228 for Halifax.
This was undoubtedly a victory for the U-boat arm; SC 48 lost nine ships of 51,093 tons, while the escort lost two ships sunk and or damaged; no U-boats were lost. Some of the losses, in the face of a large and powerful escort force, can be attributed to Captain Thebaud's inexperience in convoy escort duty. This, and other cases, led to the practice of leaving the escort group commander of the convoy in charge of its defence, regardless of seniority; a major break with tradition. The attack on Kearny and the loss of American lives was seen as an affront to the United States, and was another step out of her isolation in World War II.
This dispute eventually led to a deep political conflict, known as the "National Schism". In November 1916, in order to apply pressure on the royal government in Athens, the French confiscated the Greek ships (see Noemvriana). They continued to operate with French crews, primarily in convoy escort and patrol duties in the Aegean, until Greece entered the war on the side of the Allies in July 1917, at which point they were returned to Greece. Subsequently, the Greek Navy took part in the Allied operations in the Aegean, in the Allied expedition in support of Denikin's White Armies in the Ukraine, and in the operations of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 in Asia Minor.
She was at Saugor again on 11 May, but now homeward bound, she reached Madras on 25 July. In November Ceylon was in convoy with some eight other Indiamen when she got caught in a hurricane. On this voyage, she had lost 46 men of the 110 she had set out with: 41 pressed by various ships of the Royal Navy, six dead of disease, six deserted, two drowned in Diamond Harbour, and one who had joined the Army. Hudson, who by this time knew he was dying of "Bengal Fever", had made up his numbers with lascars, and some Danes, however the replacements were of a lower quality than the men lost, especially those the Navy had pressed.
Because Glasspoole had left before the resumption of war with France and was issued a letter of marque on 27 August 1803, hence in absentia.Letter of Marque, 1793-1815; p.91. (Although Lloyd's Register (1803 and 1804) gave her owner as Mather & Co. and her trade as South Seas Fisheries, it did not describe any armament.) Vulture was reported "all well" off Chile in March 1804, and at St Helena on 9 July 1804. She left St Helena for Britain in convoy with the East Indiamen Calcutta, City of London, Ceylon, , and Wyndham, the merchant ship , which was carrying a cargo from China for the British East India Company, and Lively, another South Seas whaler.
Australia was to provide two heavy cruisers, and along with , a light cruiser, the armed merchant cruisers , and , two destroyers, two anti-submarine patrol vessels, and six anti-submarine corvettes. Even the Australian ships were problematic with Canberra undergoing a refit and with Adelaide and the armed merchant cruisers engaged in convoy duty. United States Army B-17 bombers, diverted from Hawaii, arrived to provide land based air support to the naval elements in February. The B-17 squadron, operating under naval command, flew twelve missions out of Fiji and then moved to Townsville where, under Royal Australian Air Force command, they undertook the first American land based bomber raid on Rabaul 23 February.
At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 Gwinner was commander of the minesweeper Alresford with rank of lieutenant commander: In February 1940 he was appointed commanding officer of the destroyer Duncan, followed in July with a shore posting in Canada. In September 1940 Gwinner commissioned HMS Clare (a Town class destroyer) and was employed for the next nine months as a convoy escort. In this role Gwinner was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats assaulting ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In June 1941 he took over as the first CO of the sloop Lulworth (ex USCG) commanding her for next two years.
After shakedown off New England, Knight arrived Norfolk 6 October to prepare for Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. She cleared Chesapeake Bay on 23 October, joined her task force on 27 October, and arrived off Safi, French Morocco, 8 November. After serving as landing control ship during the assault, she conducted antisubmarine patrols until she sailed 13 November for the United States, arriving Norfolk on 24 November. From 12 December to 28 April 1943, Knight escorted three convoys between New York and the Moroccan ports of Casablanca and Fedhala. Steaming to Norfolk 29 May, she departed 8 June in convoy for the Mediterranean, where she arrived Oran, Algeria, 22 June to prepare for the invasion of Sicily.
After refitting, Tracy departed San Francisco on 22 May and spent the next few months engaged in "milk run" convoys between the Hawaiian Islands and the U.S. West Coast. On 10 August, she departed Pearl Harbor and steamed to Samoa, from there setting her course toward Espiritu Santo and the South Pacific. At the end of November 1943, Tracy led a division of minelayers in placing an offensive minefield near Bougainville in preparations for the landings there. Next, operating out of Nouméa for the remainder of 1943, Tracy called at Funafuti, Espiritu Santo, and Guadalcanal through December. On 1 January 1944, she steamed in convoy with , , , , and to the Fiji Islands, arriving at Nandi on 5 January.
After embarking more than 1,300 Seabees, George Clymer sailed 17 December for the Pacific. One of the first transports to serve in both the Atlantic and Pacific, she reached Nouméa, New Caledonia, 18 January 1943; sailed 23 January for the Fiji Islands, and arrived Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, 30 January. Redesignated (APA-27) on 1 February, she sailed in convoy 5 February for Guadalcanal, Solomons, where she arrived the 7th to debark reinforcements and embark casualties and Japanese prisoners of war. During almost the next 9 months she sailed the Southwest Pacific, carrying cargo and rotating troops from bases in New Zealand, New Caledonia, the New Hebrides, and the Fijis to Guadalcanal.
Lieutenant John Shortland, commander of convoy of First Fleet ships on the return voyage to England in 1788 Prince of Wales remained anchored in Sydney Cove for five months after her voyage, while her stores were unloaded. A shipboard inspection during this time found her hull was rotten with shipworm and on 23 May 1788 she was careened on the beach for repairs.Governor Philip to Admiralty, 10 July 1788, cited in Britton (ed.) 1978, p. 166 In July she was released from government service and set sail for England on the 14th of that month, in convoy with her First Fleet sister ships Alexander, Borrowdale and Friendship, and under the overall command of Lieutenant John Shortland in Alexander.
There she embarked 31 U.S. Army officers and 321 U.S. Army enlisted men, some of them liberated prisoners-of-war, and departed on 24 May. She paused in The Solent for two days, then got back underway on 27 May in convoy for the United States, the convoy burning its running lights at night for the first time since the beginning of the war. The convoy arrived at New York on 11 June 1945. John W. Brown disembarked some of her U.S. Navy Armed Guard personnel at New York and left on 20 June 1945 bound for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where all but four of her remaining Armed Guard personnel left the ship.
The convoy transited the Strait of Gibraltar and entered the Mediterranean Sea on 18 July 1943, and John W. Brown arrived at Algiers in French Algeria on 20 July 1943. There she unloaded her cargo and disembarked all of her passengers except for 38 U.S. Army personnel who remained aboard to guard 500 German prisoners-of-war - veterans of the Afrika Korps - that she took aboard to transport to the United States. She departed Algiers on 5 August 1943 and returned in convoy to Hampton Roads, where the convoy arrived safely on 26 August 1943 after a passage in which there were many submarine alerts but no enemy attacks. The German prisoners had all disembarked by the following day.
In March, she underwent drydocking at Pearl Harbor; then took on cargo and passengers. She returned to Ulithi on 4 April 1945, and, on 12 April, departed that port steaming in convoy for Okinawa. She anchored off the Hagushi landing beaches on 18 April. Near dusk each evening, the general alarm sounded, a regular reminder of the danger of Japanese air raiders. On 2 May, sailors on board Tuscana saw the flash of firing off the ship's starboard quarter and later observed the glow of an explosion which they thought marked the fiery end of a Japanese suicide boat. On 6 May, Tuscana began to assemble nets and moorings to screen the anchorage.
She reached her destination on 23 August, unloading cargo and discharging her passengers within 24 hours. Shifting to Aringay, Lingayen Gulf, the ship began embarking troops of the U.S. Army's 33rd Division on 5 September, and sailed in convoy on 20 September for Wakayama, Honshu. Arriving off her destination on 27 September, she disembarked her troops and discharged cargo soon thereafter. Returning to the Philippines, the attack cargo ship arrived at Tolomo, Mindanao, on 10 October, part of her passage having been enlivened by heavy seas. She made a similar voyage to land troops of the 24th Division, embarking them beginning on 15 October and putting them ashore at Matsuyama, Shikoku, on 22 October.
Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay, Kenmore put in at Norfolk, Virginia, on 6 September and embarked men and equipment of the 13th Marine Defense Battalion and the 18th and 19th Naval Construction Battalions. Departing on 19 September, she docked at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, on 24 September and steamed in convoy for the Pacific on 4 October. Arriving off Nouméa, New Caledonia, on 11 November, she debarked her troops and offloaded her cargo, then reported on 9 November to Rear Adm. Richmond K. Turner, Commander, Amphibious Forces, South Pacific. Kenmore departed Nouméa on 28 November as a unit of Task Force 62, arriving off the beach east of Togoma Point, Guadalcanal, on 3 December.
After Plaški was captured, the Ustaše battalion independently pursued the Partisans and returned to Plaški with many of the looted items. In March, the 847th Regiment occupied the Adriatic islands of Rab and Pag without encountering any Partisan resistance. In the same month, the 846th Regiment conducted an operation in the Gacka river valley around Otočac, and assisted the Croatian Home Guard in enforcing conscription orders on their own population in the divisional area. Through the spring of 1944, the 846th Regiment used jadgkommandos, lightly armed and mobile "hunter teams" of company or battalion strength, to conduct follow-up of sightings of Partisans, and transport moving through the Kapela Pass had to travel in convoy for security.
The Allied landings began on 8 November 1942 and the first section of 5th (L) Corps Signals landed at Algiers from SS Reina del Pacifico in Convoy KMS3 on 22 November. The rest of the unit followed on convoys KMS4 and KMS5, with the transport arriving on 27 November. Temporary Corps HQ and signals were established north of the city, and an advanced HQ at Ferme Fabre between Souk el Arba and Souk El Khemis in Tunisia. The first 5th (L) Corps Signals road convoy left Algiers at 07.40 on 1 December with some 250 personnel and drove hundreds of miles eastwards, reaching Ferme Fabre on 4 December, where the signal centre was established.
Greek battleship and torpedo boat Dafni during the occupation of Constantinople, 1919 Initially during the war, Greece followed a course of neutrality, with the Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos favoring the Entente and pro-German King Constantine I advocating neutrality. This dispute eventually led to a deep political conflict, known as the "National Schism". In November 1916, in order to apply pressure on the royal government in Athens, the French confiscated the Greek ships. They continued to operate with French crews, primarily in convoy escort and patrol duties in the Aegean, until Greece entered the war on the side of the Allies in June 1917, at which point they were returned to Greece.
Manchester Brigade, having survived the first World War, was sunk on 26 September 1940 after being torpedoed by when bound for Montreal in convoy off Malin Head, to the north of Ireland; 58 crew were lost. Manchester Merchant, completed in May 1940, quickly became involved in "Operation Fish", transporting Britain's gold reserves to Canada, making two voyages with bullion valued in total at £4.5 million. In late 1942 she was deployed on Operation Torch as a supply ship to North Africa. On 25 February 1943, she was torpedoed by "U 628" while part of an outbound Atlantic convoy; 36 of the crew of 65 including gunners were lost, but Captain Struss again survived, and received the OBE.
Inadequate facilities at its new airfield near Malang delayed maintenance of the dive bombers and prevented their operational use until 19 February. 32 assembled P-40s were collected at Maylands Airfield near Perth, Western Australia, towed to Fremantle on the night of 19–20 February, and loaded on the flight deck of the seaplane tender USS Langley. The Langley sailed at noon 23 February in convoy for Burma but was immediately diverted for Java, as was the freighter MS Sea Witch soon after, carrying 27 unassembled and crated P-40s destined for the 51st Pursuit Group in China. All of the aircraft aboard Langley were lost when it was sunk on 27 February.
She left the convoy at Vizag on 30 March, sailing on 2 April as the only member of Convoy MA 28A, which arrived at Chittagong on 5 April. She departed on 8 April as the only member of Convoy AM 2A, which arrived at Vizag on 10 April. Empire Elaine sailed on 17 April to join Convoy CJ24, which had departed from Calcutta on 15 April and arrived at Colombo on 22 April. She was a member of Convoy MB 74, which departed on 24 April and arrived at Bombay on 29 April. She departed on 11 May as the only merchant ship in Convoy BM 94B, escorted by the Bathurst-class corvettes and .
He was shortly afterwards promoted to the command of the 12-gun sloop , and early in the following year, whilst acting captain of the 28-gun , captured a French privateer of 24 guns and 240 men, which was purchased into the service as . Baillie was promoted to post captain and appointed to command her on 30 March 1757. In this ship he continued, engaged for the most part in convoy service, till she was lost in 1760; and in the following year, 1761, he was appointed to Greenwich Hospital, through the interest, it is said, of the Earl of Bute; he certainly had no claim to the benefits of the hospital by either age, or service, or wounds.
In June 1940, the United States Maritime Commission (USMC) granted permission to Lykes to sell West Cobalt and three other ships to the Bank Line of Glasgow for transfer to British registry.The other three ships were Western Queen, West Harshaw, and West Quechee. West Cobalt, loaded with scrap iron, sailed from Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 28 June for Halifax. After arriving there on 2 July, West Cobalt sailed the next day in Convoy HX 55 for Liverpool. On the night of 15/16 July, West Cobalt dropped astern of the convoy and was last sighted at 01:00 by British merchant ship Loch Don. West Cobalt continued on, however, and reached Liverpool independently on 18 July.
After shakedown out of Casco Bay, Maine, Incessant departed Norfolk, Virginia, 24 May 1944 for escort and training duty in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Returning to Norfolk 8 July she sailed in convoy 23 July and after stopping at Mers-el-Kebir arrived off the coast of Southern France. As the Allies pushed northward from the beachheads, the powerful guns of the fleet protected the flanks and knocked out the German coastal batteries on the Italian Riviera while minesweepers cleared the channel off the French coast. Incessant and her sister ships performed dangerous sweeping in the harbors of southern France in spite of human torpedoes and enemy shore fire from the Italian side.
Assigned to the 7th Amphibious Fleet, LST-912 sailed in convoy on 25 June, for the Admiralty Islands, via Bora Bora, Societies, and Nouméa, New Caledonia, arriving Seeadler Harbor, Manus on 23 August, to unload her cargo of one LCT and sections of another. She sailed for New Guinea on 8 September, arriving Humboldt Bay, Hollandia two days later for exercises until 22 September, when she departed for Morotai Island. Following her arrival 27 September, LST-912s guns helped drive off an enemy bomber which raided the harbor area. On 29 September, LST-912 proceeded to Soemoe Island to embark men and equipment of the 113th Naval Construction Battalion for transfer to Hollandia.
She shuttled to Kerama Retto and back into mid-July 1945. After having loaded a cargo of fuel oil from the merchant tanker SS Skullbar, Enoree sailed from Ulithi on 19 July 1945 for Okinawa in convoy UOK-39, and resumed operations in Buckner Bay soon thereafter. In addition to her regular fueling duties, the large cruiser being one of her customers, Enoree, with her heavy-lift capacity, easily unloaded five 27-ton (24.1-long ton; 24.5-metric ton) pontoon barges for the medium landing ship on 26 July 1945, and on 5 August 1945, lifted the 105-ton (94-long ton; 95-metric ton) tank landing craft from the deck of the tank landing ship .
When Convoy PQ 16 was assembled off Iceland Churchill declared it would be worthwhile if even 50 per cent got through; despite the losses the majority of the ships of Convoy PQ 16 did arrive, most ships to Murmansk (30 May 1942) and eight ships to Archangelsk (1 June 1942). The convoy was such a success in terms the delivery of war material that the Germans made greater efforts to disrupt the following convoys. The Heavy Lift Ships from Convoy PQ 16 including stayed at Archangelsk and Molotovsk unloading ships for over 14 months. In The Year of Stalingrad (1946) the British war correspondent Alexander Werth described his participation in Convoy PQ 16 on , which was bombed but reached Murmansk under its own power.
On 23 November, under the command of C. E. Cather, she sailed in convoy from New York to Swansea, Wales, with a cargo of aviation fuel, returning to Baltimore, Maryland, on 23 December. On 19 January 1945, following a refit, and once again under the command of Elmer O. Wolfe, Four Lakes sailed independently from New York to Madras, India, via the Suez Canal, with a cargo of 100-octane fuel and 12 military aircraft on deck. She arrived at Madras on 20 February, unloaded and then sailed via Calcutta for Abadan, Iran, at the northern end of the Persian Gulf, to take on a cargo of 80-octane gasoline. She transited the Suez Canal, and arrived at Naples on 7 April to unload.
In the Arctic autumn, the hours of daylight diminished until by midwinter there was only twilight at noon, conditions in which convoys had the best chance of evading German aircraft, ships and U-boats. The surviving ships of PQ 18 (2–21 September 1942) were still in Soviet ports, unloaded and waiting to return. Forty ships were ready to sail to the USSR in convoy PQ 19 but this convoy operation had suspended by the British, to the dismay of the US and the anger of the USSR. The suggestion that some ships should sail independently in the meantime, gained favour and a British ship owner, J. A. Bilmeir, offered cash bonuses in advance of £100 each for officers and £50 per rating to volunteers.
On her return to England in 1777, the Asia was refitted and sent out to the East Indies, returning to England again in convoy early in 1781, at which point Vandeput was transferred to the Atlas. On board the Atlas, he participated in the relief of Gibraltar and the following battle of Cape Spartel on 20 October 1781. Though neither the Admiralty nor his official standing reflected this, Burke's Peerage states that he assumed the title of baronet after his father's death in 1784 (certainly his own illegitimate son, also called George, also called himself a baronet). Peace came, after which Vandeput commanded the yacht Princess Augusta until being made a rear admiral on 1 February 1793 then vice admiral on 4 July 1794.
Ten days later she passed out to sea in convoy and under escort by HMS Searcher, bound for the U.S. She arrived Norfolk 2 January 1944, and following independent operations, shifted to New York 14 February to load cargo for shipment to the British Isles. Skirting known positions of German "wolf- packs", she reached Swansea, Wales 11 March and sailed again 13 April with a merchant convoy bound for Algeria. She entered the now familiar Mers-el-Kebir Harbor 26 April and commenced a hectic training schedule in preparation for the invasion of Southern France. Procyon, with men of the 180th Battalion of the famed 45th "Thunderbird" Division embarked, participated in the landings at the Golfe de St. Tropez 15 August.
Early in January 1942, Betelgeuse loaded Army cargo and, on 19 February, got underway in convoy for Belfast, Northern Ireland, and Clydebank, Scotland. Returning to New York on 25 March, she took on more supplies and sailed on 8 April with a convoy bound for the Tonga Islands, where the Navy was setting up an advanced base to consolidate the defenses of the communication and logistics lines with Australia. On 9 May, the convoy arrived at Tongatapu which the Navy was developing as a fuel base, an alternate air cargo staging port, an air support point for Fiji and Samoa, and a safe harbor for hospital ship . Betelgeuse set course for San Diego on 7 June, loaded cargo there, and got underway again on 1 July.
With Sainz having retired after the sixth stage, also because of engine problems, it was an event to forget for the newly formed Qatar Red Bull team. This meant that Peterhansel now had a lead of 49 minutes over Imperial Toyota's Giniel de Villiers, the South African able only to erase seven minutes of that advantage during the remaining stages. In this period, a battle for third emerged between X-Raid drivers Nani Roma and Leonid Novitskiy, with the latter holding the advantage until the former won the twelfth stage. Novitskiy however re- gained the advantage after Roma stopped during the penultimate stage to allow Peterhansel to run in convoy with him, so as to ensure overall victory for his teammate.
Whilst on patrol off the coast of Somaliland she evacuated troops and civilians from British Somaliland to Aden, and she was later involved in convoy duties sailing around Cape Horn between Durban and Cape Town. Later that year she was sent to the Seychelles and other islands to search for German commerce raiders, who were preying on allied shipping in the area. From 16–19 August 1940 Ceres assisted in the evacuation of British and allied soldiers from Berbera in British Somaliland as Italian forces moved on the capital, transporting them to the relative safety of Aden. In this capacity, Ceres bombarded the advancing Italian column on 17 August, slowing their progress and giving British troops retreating after the Battle of Tug Argan time to evacuate.
After sweeping Surigao Strait, she patrolled and served as smokescreen ship in Leyte Gulf until 23 October, when the destroyer joined the transport screen and steamed in convoy for Manus, arriving on 29 October. After repairs and training at Manus, Long departed 23 December to sweep for the landings at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon; her group was attacked 2 January 1945 in the Mindanao Sea in the first of the frequent air raids with which the Japanese attempted to repel the invasion of Luzon. Long began mine sweeps in Lingayen Gulf 6 January, evading and firing upon Japanese aircraft as she carried out her intricate mission. Shortly after noon, beginning her second run, Long spotted two Mitsubishi A6M Zeros heading for her.
Following her launch in May 1942 and completion in August of that year, Activity worked up at Lamlash before going to Rosyth for rectification of defects. Entering service on 1 January 1943, Activity operated as a deck landing training carrier until October 1943, when she was sent to Liverpool for a refit before entering active service. After her refit, Activity took part in convoy escort duties in the North Atlantic. Activity embarked 819 Naval Air Squadron on 12 January 1944, and began escort duties on 29 January as part of the Second Escort Group. Activity was involved in the escort of convoys OS 66, KMS 40, ON 222, NS 28, SL 147, MKS 38, HX 277, KMS 43 and MKF 29 in the period to March 1944.
An example of the Spartan dumaresqs that survived beyond World War I, these were very simple, with fixed cross- bars and an own-speed of 12 knots that could not be altered. The standard speed suggests it was intended for use in transport type ships in convoy. The dial plate lacks markings for range rate, implying the fire control staff of the ship would have no range clock at all and that this device was solely to give an idea of what deflection should be used on the gun sights. A further indication that these were to be used by less intensively trained personnel is that the dial plate helpfully features an image of a gun muzzle which is to be pointed toward the enemy ship.
The first nine patrol frigates to arrive, plus , which arrived at Cold Bay, on 27 June 1945, made up the first group of 10 frigates transferred to the Soviets on 12 July 1945; they departed Cold Bay, in convoy on 15 July 1945. The four floating workshops (YR) slated for transfer all were taken under tow by Soviet merchant ships calling at Cold Bay, on their way from the U.S. West Coast to the Soviet Far East, during the summer of 1945. Relations between Soviet and American personnel at Cold Bay, remained amicable and cooperative throughout the life of the project. The best-performing Soviet trainees were retained at Cold Bay, to serve alongside the American instructors in training other Soviet personnel who arrived later.
The Cruel Sea is a 1953 British war film starring Jack Hawkins, Donald Sinden, Denholm Elliott, Stanley Baker, Liam Redmond, Virginia McKenna and Moira Lister. Made by Ealing Studios seven years after the end of the Second World War, it was directed by Charles Frend and produced by Leslie Norman. The film portrays the conditions in which the Battle of the Atlantic was fought between the Royal Navy and Germany's U-boats, seen from the viewpoint of the British naval officers and seamen who served in convoy escorts. It is based on the best-selling 1951 novel of the same name by former naval officer Nicholas Monsarrat, though the screenplay by Eric Ambler omits some of the novel's grimmest moments.
Following shakedown off Bermuda and amphibious warfare exercises in Chesapeake Bay, Ringness steamed in convoy for the Pacific on 21 December 1944. She transited the Panama Canal, stopped at San Diego, California, and reached Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, on 15 January 1945. After training in the Hawaiian area, she departed Pearl Harbor on 1 March 1945 for Funafuti in the Ellice Islands, Port Purvis on Florida Island in the Solomons, and Ulithi Atoll in the Caroline Islands, where she arrived on 22 March 1945. After further training Ringness proceeded on 24 March 1945 to Saipan, getting underway for Okinawa on 27 March 1945, escorting Task Group 51.2 composed of escorts, transports, and cargo ships, take part in the Okinawa campaign.
The new escort carrier got underway from Seattle on 17 January 1944 bound for San Francisco where she was immediately pressed into service ferrying stores, airplanes, and military personnel to Hawaii. She departed Pearl Harbor for the homeward voyage on 29 January and arrived at San Diego with her load of passengers on 4 February. Throughout most of February, she participated in training exercises out of San Diego before steaming, via the Canal Zone, for Hampton Roads, Virginia. Following her arrival at Norfolk on 17 March, Tulagi underwent overhaul and carrier qualification tests. Tulagi embarked a load of Army Air Forces planes late in May and departed New York on the 28th in convoy with two other carriers and their screen.
The second battalion moved between various stations in southern England through 1805, being presented with its colours on 28 November at the Isle of Wight. In December it was brought up to an establishment of 866 men, raised to a thousand early in 1806. In March 1806 it moved to Guernsey for garrison duties, returning to the Isle of Wight in early 1807, and embarked for India in June. The two portions of the battalion were split up in a gale, one group putting in at the Cape of Good Hope to refit before continuing to Madras in convoy with HMS Greyhound, arriving in December. The battalion proceeded to Bombay, where it encountered the 1st Battalion for the first time, and moved to Surat in January 1809.
195, Griffith The Task Force formed one of the two U.S. carrier groups that took part in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. As such it represented the combined command of Task Force 11, Task Force 16 and Task Force 18. Task Force 61 was dissolved in the Pacific Theater and became Task Group 92.4 while TF-61 was reactivated in the Atlantic under the Royal Navy command, and participated in convoy escort duties, although initially it included US Navy Destroyer Division 60, Destroyer Escort Division 5, and a number of United States Coast Guard and Free French Navy vessels.p. 53, Andrews & Andrews In May 1944 it included , Richelieu, , the Royal Netherlands Navy light cruiser HNLMS Tromp, 21st Carrier Squadron, and HM Destroyers , , , and .
After receiving his M.S. from Columbia University in 1916, Badt served aboard the USS Minneapolis and the USS Arizona during the First World War.Ancell, Manning R; Miller, Christine M. The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers, (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996), pp. 492-493 Aboard the Minneapolis, Badt participated in convoy escort operations along the Atlantic coast and out into the open ocean to turn over the convoys to British destroyers.Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships: Volume IV, (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1959), PP. 370-371 After being transferred to the USS Arizona in 1918, Badt and the rest of the crew trained heavily in Chesapeake until the ship departed for British waters on 18 November 1918.
Raising the flag at Guam At the end of May, Warren completed the loading of the men of the 3rd Battalion, 3rd Regiment, 3rd Marine Division, and headed north in convoy—her objective Guam, where she was to debark the Marines after their comrades had landed at Saipan in the Marianas. However, because of the fierceness of the Japanese resistance on Saipan, Warren 's mission was aborted; and she spent over a week cruising off that island, standing by with her Marines forming a reserve force. Ultimately, however, Warren's leathernecks were not needed, and the ship returned to Eniwetok, to commence a three-week stay in the Marshall Islands. Warren then sailed for Guam, sending boatloads of men from the 3rd Marine Division ashore on 20 July.
Wildcat conducted shakedown training in the Gulf of Mexico before she underwent post- shakedown alterations at the Todd Shipbuilding Company in Galveston, Texas. Wildcat departed Galveston on 5 December, bound via the Panama Canal Zone for the western Pacific. She transited the canal and at Balboa underwent minor repairs from 11 to 21 December to her engineering plant before she got underway on the latter day for the Admiralty Islands. She made port at Manus on 23 January 1945 and, two days later, shifted to Humboldt Bay, New Guinea. Attached to Service Squadron 9, 7th Fleet, Wildcat soon sailed in convoy for the Philippines and, on 6 February, dropped anchor in Leyte Gulf, off the municipality of Dulag, on the eastern coast of Leyte.
He performed a special one-off charity gala of his My Family: Not the Sitcom show at the Vaudeville Theatre with all proceeds from the evening being split between the Alzheimer's Society, The National Brain Appeal and The Unforgettable Foundation. There were also collections made for the charities throughout the run of the show. In 2017, it was announced that Baddiel would take part in Comic Relief’s Red Nose Convoy, in which three pairs of celebrities travel in convoy from Kenya to Uganda delivering aid. Baddiel appears as the narrator in the 2018 short film To Trend on Twitter in aid of young people with cancer charity CLIC Sargent with fellow comedians Reece Shearsmith, Steve Pemberton, Helen Lederer and actor Jason Flemyng.
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kamikaze was still based at Ōminato, and was assigned to patrols from the Chishima Islands to the southern coasts of Hokkaidō. In June 1942, Kamikaze helped provide cover for the Japanese forces during Operation AL, the diversionary invasion of the Aleutian Islands during the Battle of Midway. Following the Aleutian Islands Campaign, Kamikaze patrolled from Hokkaidō through the Aleutians through the end of the year. Throughout 1943 and 1944, she was assigned to patrols of Soya Strait and Tsugaru Strait and to escort ship convoys to remote outposts in the Kurile islands. On 23 October 1944, she left Kataoka Bay Naval Base, Shimushu Island, Kuril Islands for Otaru in convoy WO-303 consisting of transports , Hokoku Maru, and Umegawa Maru, and Fukue.
Originally intended for lend-lease to Great Britain, USS Martin (DE-30) was laid down as BDE-30 by Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, on 26 November 1942. The ship was launched on 18 May 1943, redesignated DE-30, on 16 June 1943 and renamed Martin on 23 June 1943. The destroyer escort was commissioned on 4 September 1943; Lt. Paul E. Warfield, USNR, in command. Assigned to the U.S. Pacific Fleet, Martin escorted the battleship to San Diego, California, on 29 September to 2 October. After shakedown off San Diego, the escort ship got underway in convoy for Pearl Harbor on 11 November, arriving 21 November for service with TF 16. On 3 December, in company with and , she steamed for the Ellice / Gilbert Islands area, returning to Pearl Harbor on 31 December.
RE sappers repairing Primosole Bridge after its final capture, July 1943. While the rest of 56th (London) Division trained for the assault on mainland Italy, 168 Bde and 501 Fd Co took a leading part in the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky) with 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division. The company had trained at the Combined Operations Training Centre at the Great Bitter Lake in Egypt, then sailed in convoy from Alexandria. 168 Brigade Group landed on 13 July (D+3), after the rest of the division had taken its objectives; 501 Fd Co disembarked dryshod on the quay at Syracuse. The company was involved in 168 Bde's failed night attack beyond Primosole Bridge on 17/18 July, and later built a Folding Boat Equipment (FBE) bridge across the River Dittano there.
In June 1693 Fairfax was moved into the Pembroke of 60 guns, and, returning in her to England, was appointed to the command of the Ruby, a 48-gun ship, ordered to cruise on the coast of Ireland for the protection of trade. While on this service he had the good fortune to capture, after a hard-fought action, the Entreprenant, a French privateer of the same nominal force, but larger, and with a more numerous complement. In recognition of this service he was promoted, 24 December 1694, to the command of the Newark of 80 guns, in which, and afterwards in the Cornwall, he was employed in convoy service, in the English Channel, in the Bay of Biscay, or on the coast of Portugal, till the Peace of Ryswick.
Instead, the fleet was positioned in front of the Medway, near Chatham Dockyard, although it risked being confined to the Thames estuary by the same easterly winds that would allow the Dutch to cross. Since James believed the Dutch would seek to destroy the English fleet prior to an invasion, it would be advantageous to refuse battle, a strategic concept known as the fleet in being. This was indeed the original Dutch plan – though they too, to lower the cost of the invasion, had not activated any heavier ships – but as they moved into autumn, conditions deteriorated rapidly for those on the transports; they therefore decided to sail in convoy and avoid battle. The English fleet was outnumbered 2:1 by the Dutch, undermanned, in poor condition and the wrong location.
A month later came the fleet's worst tragedy of the war. On 21 April 1943, on the way to New York in Convoy ONS-3, the Ashantian was torpedoed by and sunk northeast of St.Johns with the loss of 16 crew members, including the master, Captain Charles Carter-Taylor and convoy commodore Captain Jeffery Elliott, DSO, RD, RN. They were both last seen trying to release a raft aft. She was struck by one torpedo on the starboard side, and suddenly sank only 7 minutes after the torpedo hit. The survivors were picked up by HMS Northern Gift within 3 hours. Ashantian had survived an earlier attack by on 26 September 1940, when, as part of Convoy OB 218, she was hit amidships on the port side by a single torpedo.
Disguised as an Anglican priest, Father "David C. Curren", on New Year's Eve 1977, Woods hitchhiked out of town then drove in convoy with Court before attempting to cross the Telle River, a tributary of the Orange River, between South Africa and Lesotho. However, following days of steady rain, the river had flooded, leaving him to resort to crossing at the Telle Bridge border crossing in a Lesotho Postal Service truck driven by an unsuspecting Mosotho man, who was merely giving the "priest" a ride. He made it undetected by South African customs and border officials to Lesotho, where, prompted by a prearranged telephone call, his family joined him shortly afterwards. Once they arrived in Lesotho, Bruce Haigh, an Australian diplomat of the embassy, drove him to Maseru.
Later that day, LST-266 received orders to stand out for onward routing. "Ducking and dodging" convoys of LCTs on the return voyage, LST-266, one of 42 LSTs in convoy, reached the Isle of Portland on the morning of the 9th. From there, she accompanied 11 other tank landing ships to Tilbury Docks to load cargo, arriving there early on 12 June. Embarking 273 British troops and 72 vehicles, LST-266 anchored briefly in the River Thames before joining an out- bound convoy, ETM-8, in the late afternoon of the 13th. Arriving off Sword Beach, in the British sector, at 2245 on 14 June, LST-266 beached herself on "Queen Red" Beach, four miles west of Ouistreham, France at 0830 on the 15th along with five other U.S. tank landing ships.
Phoenix was relieved as escort by and the convoy safely made port. Holbrook and Duntroon were to return to Australia in convoy SU-4 under escort by ; however, a Japanese fleet was sighted and Cornwall was ordered to join Admiral Sir James Somerville's fleet. Instead the convoy left Bombay on 4 April and arrived at Colombo, Ceylon on 8 April 1942 during which time the Japanese attack on Ceylon known as the Easter Sunday Raid had taken place and Cornwall had been sunk at sea. The convoy onward to Australia, now composed of Holbrook, and Duntroon escorted by the armed merchant cruiser , now had to pass through dangerous waters in which Japanese fleets might be operating; submarines were being sighted in Australian waters and the was in the area.
On 24 March 1918, while the British ship SS War Knight was proceeding up the English Channel in convoy, she collided with the United States oil carrier O.B. Jennings. It appears that the naphtha, which was on board the latter vessel, ignited, and the two ships and surrounding water were soon enveloped in flames. The master of O.B. Jennings gave orders that all the ship's available boats should be lowered, those on the starboard side were burnt, and the crew abandoned the ship in the port boats, whilst the master, chief engineer, chief officer and three others remained on board. , under the command of Lieutenant Fegen, with other destroyers, were proceeding to the spot to render assistance, when it was seen that one boat which had been lowered from O.B. Jennings had been swamped.
The vessel then resumed her passage of the Red Sea and reached the port of Aden, in late-August. From there, she sailed in an unassigned convoy crossing of the Indian Ocean, arriving at Bombay on 10 September 1941. As the Averof had not seen an overhaul of her boilers and furnaces since 1926, mechanical problems continued to plague the vessel and ultimately cut short her usefulness in convoy service. On 28 September she was assigned to escort an oil tanker convoy (BP.16) from Bombay to Basra in the Persian Gulf, but was detached before completing the voyage due to faulty boilers. This was of extra concern because on 24 September, the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran had sunk the Stamatios G. Embiricos at the equator, ending three months of raider inactivity in the sector.
She was carrying a cargo of steel. She left the convoy at Belfast Lough, joining Convoy BB 82, which departed Belfast Lough on 30 September and arrived at Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire on 1 October. Empire Cougar then sailed to Newport, Monmouthshire, arriving on 2 October. She departed Newport on 12 October and arrived at Milford Haven on 13 October. She departed Milford Haven on 15 October, and joined Convoy ON 27, which departed Liverpool on 16 October and dispersed at sea on 2 November. Empire Cougar was bound for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, arriving on 8 November. She departed Philadelphia on 21 November for Sydney, arriving on 26 November. Empire Cougar was due to sail in Convoy SC 57, which departed Sydney on 28 November and arrived at Liverpool on 15 December.
Despite their appearance however they could not fight off an enemy frigate or ship of the line as their guns were lighter in weight and weight of shot than those of similarly-sized warships, and their crew smaller and less well trained than those on a naval ship, and largely composed of lascars. An important component of the East India trade was an annual convoy from Canton, Qing Dynasty China. Each year, a large convoy of East Indiamen would gather at Canton, in order to sail in convoy through the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic to Britain. The value of the trade carried in this convoy, nicknamed the "China Fleet", was enormous: one convoy in 1804 was reported to be carrying goods worth over £8 million in contemporary values (the equivalent of £ as of ).
With loading complete on 14 October 1942, John W. Brown departed New York on 15 October on her maiden voyage, bound for the Persian Gulf, where she would unload her cargo for delivery overland to the Soviet Union. Her 14,400-nautical mile (16,560-statute mile; 26,667-km) route was designed to allow her to avoid the areas where Axis forces posed the greatest threats to shipping. She made the first leg of the voyage in convoy, steaming down the United States East Coast to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where she joined another convoy for the trip across the Caribbean Sea to the Panama Canal. After passing through the canal and reaching the Pacific Ocean, she steamed alone down the west coast of South America, requiring two weeks to reach Cape Horn.
The damage to her starboard side from her 27 December 1943 collision with SS Zebulon Pike off Italy is visible. On 21 February 1944, John W. Brown departed Bizerte in convoy to return to the United States. The following day, the German submarine U-969 attacked the convoy, and the Liberty ships , only 500 yards (457 m) ahead of her, and , only 850 yards (777 m) off her starboard bow, suffered torpedo hits causing such severe damage that both ships had to beach themselves and became total losses, but John W. Brown was left unharmed. Her convoy faced several more submarine alerts, but no further enemy attacks occurred, and enemy contacts ceased entirely after the convoy passed through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Atlantic on 25 February 1944.
Ordered in 1927, Rangitiki was launched in 1928 and entered service with the New Zealand Shipping Company in 1929 sailing between Great Britain and New Zealand on the route via the Panama Canal. At the start of the Second World War the ship was used for transporting children from Britain to Australia before being converted into a troopship. In November 1940 Rangitiki was the largest ship in convoy HX 84 when the convoy was attacked by the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer. Rangitiki and most other ships in the convoy escaped due to the actions of escort commander Edward Fegen, captain of HMS Jervis Bay and Hugh Pettigrew captain of SS Beaverford who sacrificed themselves and their ships to give the merchant ships the time to get away.
On 29 May 1942 Tivives was delivered to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) at New Orleans by United Fruit Company which then operated the ship as agent under an Army Transportation Corps charter agreement until 12 September when the agreement was changed to a WSA general agency form to operate as a WSA vessel. The ship was in convoy MKS 28 on 21 October 1943 and about 15 miles off Cape Ténès, Algeria, when the convoy came under attack by German aircraft strafing and torpedoing Tivives which quickly sank with the loss of one of the 48 man civilian crew and one of the 25 man Naval Armed Guard. Survivors, including the six man staff of the convoy commodore and one passenger were rescued by the Free French-manned corvette .
218–221 During this period, the ship also took part in convoy escort operations to supply Italian and German forces in North Africa. While the ship was moored in La Maddalena on 10 April 1943, a major attack from United States Army Air Forces heavy bombers sank the heavy cruiser and hit Gorizia with three bombs, inflicting serious damage. She was still under repair in La Spezia when Italy surrendered to the Allies in September, and she was seized by German forces when they occupied much of the country. On 22 June 1944, Italian frogmen used Chariot manned torpedoes to enter the harbor and sink Gorizia and the heavy cruiser , which was also out of service due to battle damage, to prevent them from being used as blockships though Gorizia survived the attack.
Louise Lykes was laid down at Federal Shipbuilding of Kearny, New Jersey, and launched on 27 September 1941. After her October 1941 completion, she was delivered to her owners, the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, and registered at New Orleans, Louisiana. Very little information on the earliest parts of Louise Lykes career are reported in secondary sources, but some time after the United States entered World War II in December 1941, the ship was armed with one , two , and eight guns, and a Naval Armed Guard detachment to man them. Information on most of Louise Lykes wartime activities is also absent from secondary sources, but she is recorded as sailing in Convoy UGF 2 from Hampton Roads, Virginia, to Casablanca in November 1942 with 21 other merchant vessels, and the return convoy, GUF 2, which returned to Hampton Roads on 11 December.
On the latter date she sailed in convoy to Leyte where she remained for a month in the performance of diving operations and repairing of landing craft. She next proceeded with Task Unit 51.14.3 for the invasion of Okinawa and rendered invaluable service to battle- and weather-damaged destroyers, landing craft and patrol vessels. On 28 April 1945 she suffered damage from a shrapnel burst which wounded 15 of her crew. On 10 May 1945 she changed her anchorage to Buckner Bay where she underwent frequent suicide plane attacks, but continued uninterrupted her repair service. The Endymion got underway with Task Unit 31.29.29 for Saipan on 7 June 1945. She then left Saipan for Pearl Harbor without benefit of protective escort—which was unusual, given the great potential for risk to the ship and its crew.
After preliminary refitting and arming, Zuiderdijk departed San Juan on 29 March 1918 and shaped a course for the Panama Canal Zone. She remained at Cristobal, Panama, for nearly a month before getting underway on 25 April 1918 and steaming north. The ship entered New York Harbor on 4 May 1918, unloaded the Panama Railroad Company cargo she had picked up at Cristobal, and replaced it with United States Army supplies destined for Europe. Zuiderdijk departed the United States East Coast in convoy on 17 May 1918 and entered Le Havre, France, on 1 June 1918. After discharging her cargo and taking on ballast, Zuiderdijk stood out of Le Havre on 12 June 1918 and headed for the United States. She concluded a 20-day crossing of the Atlantic Ocean when she moored in New York, New York, again on 2 July 1918.
A large collection of shipping gathered in the English port of Falmouth with the intention of sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in convoy to supplement the garrison in Quebec with soldiers of the 100th Regiment of Foot. In addition to this unit, replacements for regiments already in British North America, the families of the soldiers being sent abroad, several government officials, and numerous private passengers also took passage. The ships were a mix of small warships, government-owned transports, and private merchantmen gathered together with the hope of safety in numbers from the large number of French privateers which were operating against British shipping during the War of the Third Coalition at the time. The disadvantage to this plan was that should some crisis befall the convoy, the damage would be substantially more serious than if it had occurred amongst independently sailing ships.
Unable to return to occupied Poland, Pawłowicz joined the Polish Government in Exile, first in Paris, then in Scotland and London, where he served the Polish Navy Directorate (KMW) as Head of the Press. In 1941, he was the Polish narrator of the documentary film Podnosimy Kotwice, which can be found in its English version "Poles Weigh Anchor" at the Sikorski Museum. In May 1942, he went as war correspondent on ORP Garland, which escorted convoy PQ 16 from Iceland to Murmansk. This experience was largely documented in reports, articles, referenced in books and in his war memoir O.R.P. Garland in Convoy to Russia. From 1943 until the end of the war, he was appointed Chief of Intelligence in Brazil, officially as assistant to the Navy military attaché at the Polish Legation in Rio de Janeiro.
The Essex underwent her conversion to a partly ironclad warship in nearby dockyards. Over several weeks between December and January, the Union ships had regularly sailed towards the Confederates on the Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee Rivers in order to provoke an engagement, to be frustrated by blank-cartridge shots from the latter's cannons, the Confederates being reluctant to be drawn into a full engagement. On the evening of January 10, the Union forces in Kentucky having just defeated their opponents at the Battle of Middle Creek, the Essex and the St Louis moved off in heavy fog from the ferry landings at Cairo in convoy escorting troop transports carrying Brigadier General John Alexander McClernand's brigade. Their path was blocked for part of the night by a steamer which had run aground north of Cairo, and by Cmdr.
A large collection of shipping gathered in the English port of Falmouth with the intention of sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in convoy to supplement the garrison in Quebec with soldiers of the 100th Regiment of Foot. In addition to this unit, replacements for regiments already in British North America, the families of the soldiers being sent abroad, several government officials, and numerous private passengers also took passage. The ships were a mix of small warships, government-owned transports, and private merchantmen gathered together with the hope of safety in numbers from the large number of French privateers which were operating against British shipping during the War of the Third Coalition at the time. The disadvantage to this plan was that should some crisis befall the convoy, the damage would be substantially more serious than if it had occurred amongst independently sailing ships.
Again losing a day, 3 January 1945, by virtue of the passage westward, Lynx stood in to Seeadler Harbor during the first dog watch on 11 January, anchoring in Berth 24. Once there she took on board a cargo of mail between 12:35 and 13:00 on 14 January, then sailed for Dutch New Guinea a little over five hours later. She discharged her cargo of mail at Humboldt Bay, 16:00-16:31 on 16 January, and remained anchored there until shifting berths on 25 January, prior to her sailing in convoy for the Philippines later that same day. With the convoy commodore riding in Lynx and the vice-commodore in the auxiliary tug , the assembly of ships proceeded on their voyage with and and carrying out anti-submarine patrolling on the starboard and port flanks, and ahead, respectively.
After her arrival at Long Beach on 17 July, Vammen was de-commissioned on 1 August, resuming her role as an NRT ship. For the next seven years, Vammen continued her duties as an 11th Naval District NRT ship, based at Long Beach, and operating primarily in the Long Beach-Los Angeles-San Pedro area. During that time, she ranged as far north as British Columbia and as far south as Ensenada, Mexico. Age ultimately caught up with the veteran destroyer escort; and, in the summer of 1969, she was adjudged unfit for further service. On 1 August 1963, while in convoy with other NRT ships of the 11th Naval District en route to Pearl Harbor, Vammen lost steering control and collided with USS Tingey (DD-539) doing major damage to Tingey, but inflicting no personnel casualties.
The ship was engaged in logistics support for Allied forces in the efforts to hold the Malay Barrier by the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA). During the final days before Java fell, she was in convoy MS.4 of four tankers and another cargo ship departing Sydney 31 January bound for the ABDA area taking a route south of Australia and up the west coast. On 15 February, the day Singapore fell and as took over the escort, ports in Sumatra were falling and the tankers and other cargo vessel were ordered to return to Fremantle. 's Jacob and Perth continued to be later joined by the Dutch ships Swartenhondt and until, on the evening of 21 February and some 600 miles south of the Sunda Strait, they too were ordered to return to Fremantle.
On 16 August 1918, Arizonan moved to Newport News, Virginia, where she took on cargo, including 50 trucks as a deck load, earmarked for the American Expeditionary Force in France. Underway on the morning of 30 August 1918, she crossed the Atlantic Ocean in convoy and, after a brief stopover at Gibraltar from 17 September 1918 to 18 September 1918, reached Marseilles, France, late in the afternoon of 21 September 1918 and, over the ensuing days, discharged her cargo. Departing Marseilles on 18 October 1918, Arizonan returned to Newport News in ballast, reaching the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway piers on the evening of 7 November 1918. Four days later, on 11 November 1918—the same day upon which the armistice with Germany was signed, ending World War I -- Arizonan moved out into the stream, opposite the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company yards.
The aerodrome became a 10 Group RAF Fighter Command Sector Station within a few months of opening, taking on the responsibility of the air defence for the whole of South and West Wales and the protection of convoys in the Bristol and St George's Channels. On 23 January 1942, No. 615 Squadron (County of Surrey Squadron) Auxiliary Air Force, arrived from RAF Angle, equipped with Hawker Hurricane fighters, operating there until 17 March when the squadron moved by train to Liverpool Docks, boarding the Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. On 20 March the ship moved to the Firth of Clyde and then, filled with Army and RAF personnel, on 23 March it sailed in convoy to India. In November 1943 No 456 Squadron RAAF arrived from RAF Colerne, equipped with a mix of de Havilland Mosquito II's and VI's.
He served in convoy escorts aboard the frigate Andromaque and later aboard the corvette Unité, notably fighting HMS Alceste. Promoted to lieutenant, Bergeret was put in command of the frigate Virginie, and served in Villaret-Joyeuse's squadron in Brest. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Groix, and was promoted to Captain in March 1796. On 22 April, Virginie encountered the division of Sir Edward Pellew, comprising the 64-gun HMS Indefatigable and the frigates Argo, Concord, Révolutionnaire, HMS Amazon and their prize Unité, captured on 13 April.Campagnes, thriomphes, revers, désastres et guerres civiles des Français de 1792 à la paix de 1856, F. Ladimir et E. Moreau. Librairie Populaire des Villes et des Campagnes, 1856 Tome 5, pp.42-43 Virginie retreated and the British squadron gave chase, joining with the French frigate around 23:00.
On returning to England after an uneventful commission, Farmer was appointed in March 1778 to the 32-gun , in which he was employed during the year in convoy service in the North Sea. In 1779 he was stationed chiefly at Guernsey as a guard for the Channel Islands, and to gain intelligence. It was thus that as early as 18 June he sent over news that the French fleet had sailed from Brest, that the Spanish fleet had sailed from Cadiz, and that there were at Le Havre great preparations for an invading force. On 6 July he wrote that he had driven on shore and destroyed a convoy of forty-nine small vessels, with a 20-gun frigate and several armed vessels; but that Quebec herself had struck heavily on the rocks, and he had been obliged to throw his guns overboard.
Survivors from after being sunk by , 17 April 1943 Advances in convoy tactics, high-frequency direction finding (referred to as "Huff-Duff"), radar, active sonar (called ASDIC in Britain), depth charges, ASW spigot mortars (also known as "hedgehog"), the intermittent cracking of the German Naval Enigma code, the introduction of the Leigh light, the range of escort aircraft (especially with the use of escort carriers), the use of mystery ships, and the full entry of the U.S. into the war with its enormous shipbuilding capacity, all turned the tide against the U-boats. In the end, the U-boat fleet suffered extremely heavy casualties, losing 793 U-boats and about 28,000 submariners (a 75% casualty rate, the highest of all German forces during the war). At the same time, the Allies targeted the U-boat shipyards and their bases with strategic bombing.
On 15 June, Atago Maru joined Convoy 586 from Cap St Jacques and arrived at Singapore on 18 June. The ship returned to Cap St Jacques and joined Convoy 412, departing on 23 July. On 15 August, Atago Maru sailed from Moji, Japan for Takao, Formosa as part of Convoy 187 and arrived on 20 August. In December, the oil tanker headed to the Philippines, sailing from Zamboanga for Jolo and Tawi Tawi on 30 December. In 1944, Atago Maru returned to Japan. The oil tanker departed Moji in Convoy MOTA-07 on 1 March, arriving at Takao on 9 March. On 21 March, the ship sailed from Takao as part of Convoy TAMA-12 and arrived at Manila, Philippines on 24 March. On 18 June, Atago Maru joined Convoy MI-05 departing from Manila and arrived at Miri, Borneo on 23 June.
Lazar is a vehicle conceived for use in urban and rural anti-infantry patrol and transport role, a supplementary vehicle meant to prevent exposure of even basic infantry units to enemy fire as well as to run support of heavier vehicles in convoy situations. The chassis is started as a simple redesign of the TAM-150 truck but evolved to include a completely modified hull, 4×4 and 8×8 configuration, added armor and dozens of structural improvements. Special attention was given to a high acceleration rate, stability (due to high center of gravity), hardiness and reliability in many types of environments (fire, snow, ice, rain, mud etc.). During testing, the vehicle outperformed every parameter except the weight requirement, which was exceeded in full armor and armament load-out, although the report excused this by saying that the extra weight does not degrade vehicle function.
Soon after her commissioning, Yellowstone moved to New York City, where she arrived on 24 September 1918. She underwent repairs at the Morse Drydock and Repair Company yards in Brooklyn, New York, and suffered additional damage in a minor sideswiping collision with the British-registered merchant ship Moorish Prince on 13 October 1918. After repairs to the damage she suffered in her collision with Moorish Prince, Yellowstone shifted to Pier 5 at Bush Terminal in Brooklyn on the morning of 15 October 1918 and over the next few days took on board 6,672 tons of general cargo – including automobiles and locomotives – earmarked for American forces in France. On 27 October 1918, Yellowstone got underway in convoy for France, "proceeding under confidential orders on [United States] Army transport duty to port of debarkation," St. Nazaire. The war ended on 11 November 1918 while Yellowstone was en route to France.
Medal of Honor Presentation Ceremony - February 9, 1919, at Chaumont, France. General John J. Pershing presided.He was working as an actor in the stage production “Fair and Warmer” when the United States entered the war. He enlisted in the City Club Unit of the American Field Service and served as an ambulance driver with S.S.U. 32 of the American Hospital of Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, for a period of three months. On July 31, 1917, S.S.U. 32 left the camp at May-en-Multien and came to Paris to get its ambulances. It left the city in convoy on August 2, arriving two days later at Ablois Saint-Martin. On August 16, it was attached to an attacking division - the 48th French Division de Maroc where it was assigned until February, 1919. On August 28, it moved with the Division to Romigny, near Verdun.
This vessel was one of twelve troop ships of the main body of the NZEF escorted in convoy by Allied warships, which stopped at Hobart, Albany and Colombo before arriving at the Suez Canal on 1 December 1914. The NZEF established a training camp at Zeitoun and Young, under the direction of his Commanding Officer Lieutenant Colonel William George Malone, began training his 9th (Hawke's Bay) Company troops until the New Zealand Infantry Brigade was called forward to participate in British operations against the Ottomans in the Suez Canal area from January to February 1915.Cunningham, William; Treadwell, Charles & Hanna, James, Official The Wellington Regiment (NZEF) 1914 – 1919, Wellington, Ferguson & Osborn Limited, 1928, pp. 18–21. On return from the field the battalion resumed its training, until the newly formed New Zealand and Australian Division departed for the invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula in late April 1915.
Empire ships were generally involved in convoy duty, including the Atlantic convoys bringing essential supplies from the United States; military convoys to North Africa; military convoys around the Cape of Good Hope to prosecute the war in the Middle East; coastal convoys around the shores of Britain; Mediterranean convoys, including those supporting the defence of Malta and Arctic convoys to North Russia. SS Empire Brigade They took an active role supporting the invasions of North Africa, Sicily and Italy and in the Normandy assault and in the assaults on German-held ports of Western Europe. In June 1944 ninety-seven Empire merchant ships were involved in the cross-channel convoys that carried troops and supplies ready for the Normandy invasion. Empire landing craft were involved in the assault phase, and Empire coasters were involved in the beaching of supplies and in ferrying cargo from the larger merchant ships anchored off-shore.
Popular illustration of Anzac troops after the fighting at Gallipoli Plans for the formation began in November 1914 while the first contingent of Australian and New Zealand troops were still in convoy bound for, as they thought, Europe. However, following the experiences of the Canadian Expeditionary Force encamped on Salisbury Plain, where there was a shortage of accommodation and equipment, it was decided not to subject the Australians and New Zealanders to the English winter, and so they were diverted to Egypt for training before moving on to the Western Front in France. The British Secretary of State for War, Horatio Kitchener, appointed General William Birdwood, an officer of the British Indian Army, to the command of the corps and he furnished most of the corps staff from the Indian Army as well. Birdwood arrived in Cairo on 21 December 1914 to assume command of the corps.
Howards next operation was the invasion of the Philippines, slated for October on the island of Leyte. Following training in the Hawaiian Islands she arrived at Eniwetok on 24 September, and steamed to Leyte Gulf on 17 October. Once more she carried out minesweeping duties, clearing paths in Surigao Strait and Leyte Gulf, despite heavy weather. Her task completed, she departed on 24 October for Manus with the invasion underway and during the first phase of the battle for Leyte Gulf, which ended in a victory for the U.S. Navy. Training operations in the Admiralties occupied the ship for the next two months, but she sailed again from Manus on 23 December to take part in the next phase of the Philippines operation, the invasion of Luzon. She rendezvoused at Leyte Gulf on 30 December, and departed in convoy for Lingayen Gulf on 2 January 1945.
16th Infantry Regiment D-Day Commanders LTC Horner (second from the right) commanded the 3rd Battalion, 16th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division during the initial assault on "Bloody Omaha". The following is a transcription of the 3rd Battalion After Action Report for D-Day. Photograph shows the D-Day 16th Infantry Regimental Combat Team (RCT) commanders taken just prior to the Normandy invasion. HEADQUARTERS THIRD BATTALION SIXTEENTH INFANTRY APO #1 U.S. ARMY 23 June 1944 SUBJECT: Unit Report on D-Day Operations TO: Commanding Officer, 16th Infantry At 1800 hours on 5 June 1944, the Third Battalion, 16th Infantry, and attached units on board “SS Empire Anvil” departed from the port of embarkation and in convoy headed for the coast of France. At 0315 hours, 6 June 1944, with the men of “I” and “L” Companies loaded six LCA's per company and the order,‘Lower boats’, was given.
In convoy with 10 other tank landing ships, LST-209 departed the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal and headed for India. After arriving at Calcutta during the latter part of November, she loaded 14 M3 "General Lee" tanks on 3 December and embarked 67 men of the British 14th Army before departing on 5 December, with and two British motor gunboats, bound for Regu Creek, near Arakan, Burma. Although LST-208 ran aground on the run in, LST-209 beached successfully at 23:24 on 6 December. She completed unloading the tanks within 30 minutes, retracted, and reached Calcutta in the afternoon of 9 December. A week later, LST-209 received orders to proceed to the British Isles. Departing Colombo on 28 December, the ship reached the Welsh port of Milford Haven on 12 February 1944 and, after a week of operational training, was drydocked at Cardiff.
Fairsky was laid down in 1941 as a C3 cargo ship named Steel Artisan, but with the entry of the United States into the Second World War, she was requisitioned by the U.S. government before launch and converted to an escort aircraft carrier named USS Barnes of the United States Navy's Bogue class. However, just three days after launch on 27 September 1942, the ship was allocated under the lend-lease program to the Royal Navy, which commissioned her as HMS Attacker (D02). Attacker saw extensive wartime service — initially in convoy escort duties and after further conversion by the Royal Navy in October 1943 — as an assault carrier for the remainder of the war. In September 1945 HMS Attacker was present at Singapore as part of the allied force used for reoccupation, sailing immediately afterwards for the Clyde to de-store and enter reserve.
Kephart departed New York on 30 September and joined the 7th Fleet at Hollandia, New Guinea, on 10 November. As a unit of TransDiv 103, she departed in convoy on 17 November and arrived at Leyte Gulf, Philippines, on 24 November. After a run to the Palaus, she embarked troops of the 77th Infantry Division at Leyte, and steamed on 6 December with Task Group 78.3 for amphibious assault at Ormoc Bay. During landing operations on 7 December, Kepharts guns splashed two Japanese planes in a fierce raid. Returning to Leyte on 8 December, she embarked soldiers of the 19th Infantry Regiment; she sailed on 12 December for Mindoro, and landed assault troops at San Jose on 15 December, again under heavy enemy air attack. Returning to Leyte on 17 December, she continued on 20 December to Hollandia to prepare for anti-submarine and amphibious operations.
Benjamin Contee took part in convoy ON-187, a Liverpool - Halifax, Nova Scotia trip. The Convoy departed on June 1, 1943, and arrived at New York on June 15.Convoy ON-187 To support Britain, the ship operated under the Combined Shipping Adjustment Board. At the request of Britain, the Benjamin Contee was used to transport Italian prisoners of War from El Alamein, Egypt to Oran, Algeria. With 1,800 Italian POWs onboard and just 23 minutes out of El Alamein in the Mediterranean Sea on the night of August 16, 1943, she was hit by a Nazi Germany aircraft-dropped aerial torpedo 16 miles north of Bone, Algeria. The explosion killed 264 and injured 142 of the 1,800 Italian POWs on board. There were no casualties to the crew of 43 Merchant Marines, 27 US Navy Armed Guard, 26 British guards, and 7 Army security detail. It was a harrowing experience for the POWs in the cargo holds.
The discovery, upon which the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade was based was owing to the Spanish Andrés de Urdaneta, who, sailing in convoy under Miguel López de Legazpi, discovered the return route in 1565: the fleet split up, some heading south, but Urdaneta reasoned that the trade winds of the Pacific might move in a gyre as the Atlantic winds did. If in the Atlantic, ships made the Volta do mar to the west to pick up winds that would bring them back from Madeira, then, he reasoned, by sailing far to the north before heading east, he would pick up trade winds to bring him back to the west coast of North America. Though he sailed to 38 degrees North before turning east, his hunch paid off, and he hit the coast near Cape Mendocino, California, then followed the coast south to Acapulco. Most of his crew died on the long initial voyage, for which they had not sufficiently provisioned.
Dispatched by Peruvian president Mariano Ignacio Prado, who had rallied the South American republics in defense against Spanish aggression, the allies had sailed in convoy from the town of Ancud to the island of Abtao to await the arrival of two new corvettes acquired by Peru. The Spanish commander Casto Méndez Núñez, informed of the location of the Peruvian-Chilean fleet, ordered the steam frigates Villa de Madrid (Captain Claudio Alvar González) and Reina Blanca (Commander Juan Topete) to lift the blockade on Valparaiso and sail towards Abtao to intercept the enemy fleet. On January 16, 1866, the combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet, composed of the Peruvian frigates Apurímac and Amazonas and the recently captured and refurbished Chilean schooner Covadonga, had convoyed from the port of Ancud towards the shipyards on the little island of Abtao, at the head of the southern Chiloé Archipelago. On Abtao island, the Chileans had also built some military fortifications, which were strategically located at the end of a shallow and treacherous channel.
RHN Adrias entering the port of Alexandria at the end of a journey of 1,000 miles after losing her bow The Hellenic Royal Navy suffered enormous casualties during the German invasion, losing over 20 ships, mostly to German air attacks, within a few days in April 1941. Its chief, Vice Admiral Alexandros Sakellariou, managed to save some of its ships, including the cruiser Averof, six destroyers, five submarines and several support ships, by evacuating them to Alexandria. The fleet was subsequently expanded by several destroyers, submarines, mine-sweepers and other vessels handed over by the British Royal Navy, until it became, with 44 ships and over 8,500 men, the second-largest Allied Navy in the Mediterranean after the RN, accounting for 80% of all non-RN operations. Greek ships served in convoy escort duties in the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean (where it succeeded in destroying a few enemy submarines), the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Umikaze was assigned to Destroyer Division 24 of Destroyer Squadron 4 of the IJN 2nd Fleet together with her sister ships , , and , and had sortied from Palau as part of the Philippine invasion force, covering landings at Legaspi and Lamon Bay. From January 1942, Umikaze participated in operations in the Netherlands East Indies, including the invasion of Tarakan Island, and landings at Balikpapan and Makassar. After participating in the invasion of eastern Java, Umikaze was engaged in convoy duty, and thus escaped combat during the Battle of the Java Sea. In April, Umikaze assisted in the invasion of Panay and Negros in the Philippines. From 10 April, Umikaze was reassigned to the IJN 1st Fleet and returned to Sasebo Naval Arsenal for repairs at the end of May. During the Battle of Midway on 4–6 June, Umikaze was part of the Aleutians Guard Force under Admiral Shirō Takasu.
Using her engines constantly to maintain position in the transport area against the two-knot northeasterly current and the northeast trade winds, Almaack provided LCMs to unload artillery from attack transports and LCVPs to unload men early on 1 February, and upon anchoring later that day received the services of two tank landing craft (LCT) to expedite unloading her own cargo. This unloading slowed down on the 2d, but picked up again on the 3d, the ship being aided in her cargo discharging by boats from , and . Ultimately, by 1330 on D + 4 (4 February), Almaack had completed her unloading. Two days later, on 6 February, having loaded 22 LVTs of the 4th Tractor Battalion, USMC, and embarked their crews, Almaack sailed for Funafuti, in the Ellice Islands, in convoy with an amphibious command ship, three dock landing ships, a transport and a cargo ship, screened by four destroyers; she arrived at her destination on 10 February.
Work on Middleton and President Tyler, herself described as "a mess," further delayed the convoy's departure from 15 January, already a delay from 8 January, to 25 January. A large convoy carrying elements of "Poppy Force" was to leave New York and, to conserve escorts, the Navy recommended combining the Poppy convoy with the Bobcat convoy and the Army agreed. Just as the Poppy convoy was due off Charleston the Navy found it could not make Middleton and another ship, the Hamul ready for sea until 27 January when Middleton was again delayed until mid afternoon. Middleton sailed for Australia and then to Bora Bora in Convoy BC.100 arriving Bora Bora on 17 February. The delay with ships and some cargo required that the convoy BT.200 bound for New Caledonia via Australia, carrying Poppy Force (designated Task Force 6814) that became the Americal Division, sailed separately a few days in advance of the Bora Bora force.
Combat loading is a special type of unit loading of ships so that embarked forces will have immediately needed weapons, ammunition and supplies stowed in such a way that unloading of equipment will be concurrent with the force personnel and available for immediate combat during an amphibious landing. It gives primary consideration to the ease and sequence with which troops, equipment, and supplies can be unloaded ready for combat, rather than to the efficient use of cargo space as in convoy loading where forces and equipment would be joined in rear or secure areas. The art and science of combat loading were developed in World War II, and contributed greatly to the success of Allied amphibious campaigns. While combat loading usually took place in forward bases, the Western Task Force for the landings in North Africa was combat loaded at the Army's Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation which was called on again for the Sicily force.
Meanwhile, the movement by Tirpitz and Hipper northward had been detected by Allied Intelligence, and in response to this threat the Admiralty took the controversial decision to scatter the convoy, which commenced at 22:15 on 4 July. Without the mutual protection provided by sailing in convoy, the ships would be easy prey to the aircraft and U-boats that would beset them; Over the next six days, 20 ships would be lost, totalling twenty four from the convoy altogether. German Intelligence (B-Dienst) quickly realized that the convoy was scattering, and Schniewind requested permission to sortie. Again, the extended chain of command hindered movement, permission not being received until 15:00 on 5 July, and then only with the caveat to avoid any action with the Allied capital ships; the U-boats of Eisteufel were instructed to leave the attack on the convoy ships to concentrate on finding and attacking the Home Fleet, particularly the carrier .
He was buried at the Church of St. Nicholas Within the Walls, Nicholas Street, Dublin on 22 December 1729.Nichols (1853), p. 529 He married Elizabeth Percy, a daughter of Colonel Henry Percy (or Piercy) of Seskin, County Wicklow. His wife predeceased him in December 1724 and was also interred at St.Nicholas on 5 January 1725. He inherited lands at Croghan, just outside Lifford in East Donegal, and in 1711 he purchased more lands at Tullydonell from James Nesbit. By 1720 he had also bought his main residence of Convoy, County Donegal. As it took more than a day to travel during his commute between Parliament in Dublin and his estate in Convoy, he bought the Gwyllym estate of for £8,000 in 1724, halfway between both, at Ballyconnell in County Cavan to allow him to break the journey overnight. In his will, he left it to his nephew George Leslie, who then assumed the name George Leslie Montgomery, MP for Cavan until 1787.
The second phase included training in convoy protection, the seizure of advanced bases, and, ultimately, the decisive engagement between the opposing fleets. The last pre-war exercise of its type, Fleet Problem XXI contained two exercises (comparatively minor at the time) where air operations played a major role. Fleet Joint Air Exercise 114A prophetically pointed out the need to coordinate Army and Navy defense plans for the Hawaiian Islands, and Fleet Exercise 114 proved that aircraft could be used for high altitude tracking of surface forces—a significant role for planes that would be fully realized in the war to come. With the retention of the Fleet in Hawaiian waters after the conclusion of Fleet Problem XXI, Yorktown operated in the Pacific off the west coast of the United States and in Hawaiian waters until the following spring, when the success of German U-boats preying upon British shipping in the Atlantic required a shift of American naval strength.
During this time Gwinner and Lulworth were assigned to the West Africa convoy route, escorting ships to and from Freetown, Sierra Leone. In this role Gwinner escorted 12 long distance convoys, ensuring the safe and timely arrival of more than 300 ships. Several of these convoys were attacked, involving Gwinner in convoy battles for OS 4 (five ships sunk), OS 10 (one ship), SL 98 (1 escort sunk), SL 109 (attacking U-boats all beaten off, though one ship sunk) and SL 115 (where Gwinner and Lulworth destroyed the Italian submarine Pietro Calvi,Blair Vol I, p669-70 for which he was awarded the DSO). in April 1943 after a short spell back with Duncan Gwinner was given command of the sloop Woodcock, and assigned to FJ Walker's 2nd Support Group. In July 1943 during operations in Bay of Biscay 2SG engaged 3 U-boats on the surface; Woodcock shared in the destruction of U-462.
II. and III./KG 54, the latter being resurrected on 1 September 1942, joined I./KG 54 in operations over Africa and the Mediterranean. From October 1942 to February 1943 was heavily involved in convoy escort, anti-submarine warfare, and relentless attacks on Allied-held ports in Algeria, Libya and Tunisia as it attempted to overcome the effects of Operation Flax and Operation Retribution. I./KG 54 left Sicily for Piacenza from 22 December 1942 to 15 February 1943. It returned to Catania on 17 February and carried out 169 escort sorties for convoys in March 1943 as well as anti-shipping and attacks against harbours. On 5 March I./KG 54 and I./KG 77 attacked the convoys MW.22 and XT.4, sinking the steamer Yorba Linda (6,900 grt).Smith, Kindell and Bertke 2012, p. 67. On 19 March I./KG 54 and KG 77 sank the liberty ship Ocean Voyager (7,174 grt), Greek steamer Vavara (1,654 grt) and heavily damaged the destroyer Derwent.
In 1944 an article supposedly based on accounts from one of the other ships in Convoy HX 84 was written by Norman Mackintosh, published in the magazine Canada's Weekly and republished in the Evening Standard in London which praised the sacrifice of Beaverford: "For more than four hours she was afloat, followed by the raider, firing and fighting to the last. Using the big reserve of engine power for speed, and superb seamanship for steering and manoeuvering to baffle and evade the enemy's aim, for all that time she held her own, hit by shells but firing back and delaying the raider hour by hour while the rest of the convoy made their escape." However, given that the convoy ships were scattering in all directions, it is unlikely that anyone on another ship could have reliably seen all of this. The story is also contradicted by the account Scheers captain wrote after the war.
On 9 January 1945, John W. Brown, steaming independently, departed New York on her sixth voyage, carrying U.S. Army general cargo and, after a brief stop at Hampton Roads, arrived at Charleston, South Carolina, on 12 January. She loaded more cargo, left Charleston on 17 January, and proceeded independently back to Hampton Roads, arriving there on 19 January. She embarked 54 U.S. Army passengers at Newport News and departed on 23 January in convoy for Naples, at first facing heavy weather but otherwise making an uneventful transatlantic crossing. After passing through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea, she left the convoy on 7 February to steam independently to Naples; her engineers shut down her port boiler when it began to malfunction on 9 February, forcing her to continue at reduced speed, but she arrived safely at Naples on 11 February 1945. She disembarked her passengers and repaired her boiler, then left for Leghorn, where she arrived on 19 February.
Ottawa then returned to Lingayen on 11–12 October. Embarking soldiers of the 6th Army and their equipment, earmarked for Nagoya, Japan, she sailed on 23 October in convoy LN-2, reaching her destination on 28 October. After discharging occupation troops and gear, Ottawa embarked Army and Navy passengers for transportation back to the U.S., departing Nagoya on 11 November 1945. Arriving at Lingayen Gulf four days later to load boats and embark more passengers, Ottawa shifted to Subic Bay for water, provisions, more boats and passengers, then sailed for home on 18 November. After pausing briefly at Pearl Harbor en route (2–3 December), the ship reached San Francisco on 9 December. Assigned to Joint Task Force (JTF) 1 in place of , Ottawa, her crew reduced to 67 men, then loaded construction material at Port Hueneme, California, and with a contingent of Construction Battalion men embarked, sailed for Bikini Atoll, arriving there on 20 March 1946.
Because her deep draft was hazardous in Australian and intermediate ports in the Pacific Islands, she spent March and April 1942 transporting troops from the west coast of the U.S. to Hawaii. Then Aquitania was temporarily transferred from Pacific duties to support the movement of troops from the United States to Britain, sailing 30 April from New York in a large convoy that transported some 19,000 troops. On 12 May 1942 Aquitania loaded troops at Gourock destined for the war in the Middle East, departing in convoy WS19P on 1 June with destroyers and heavy weather, she broke off independently on 7 June due to her greater speed with designation WS19Q. The first port of call was 48 hours at Freetown (West Africa) on 11 June, then 3 days at Simonstown, South Africa 20 June 48 hours at Diego Suarez, Madagascar from 30 June 24 hours at Steamer Point, Aden on 3 July, and then disembarkation at Port Tewfik, Egypt from 8 July 1942.
After Timothy Bloodworths 22 April 1943 delivery to the War Shipping Administration, she was assigned to the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company for operation out of her homeport of New Orleans. Although details of Timothy Bloodworths shakedown cruise and maiden voyage are not reported in sources, convoy records reveal she was at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, on 8 June 1943 when she joined the New York-bound convoy GN 64. Timothy Bloodworth, fellow Liberty ships , , and and the other 34 ships of the convoy reached New York uneventfully eight days later. After a week at New York, Timothy Bloodworth and her three sister ships from GN 64—all loaded with sugar for delivery to the United Kingdom—joined some 56 other ships departing in convoy HX 245, bound for Liverpool, on 23 June. Three days after departure, an additional 26 ships from Halifax joined the convoy, and two days after that another three joined from St. John's, Newfoundland.
Arriving at Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, early on the afternoon on 23 June 1944, Zeus reported to Commander Service Force, Pacific Fleet (ComServPac), for duty, and received assignment to Service Squadron (ServRon) 2. Shifting to Ten-Ten Dock during the first dog watch the following day to begin a 48-hour availability, the battle damage repair ship loaded stores and provisions during that period, and received fresh water, ultimately sailing in convoy 4032A late in the afternoon watch on 27 June, setting course for the Marshall Islands. The ships proceeded toward Eniwetok, zig-zagging for an hour (16:00-17:00) on 1 July, and crossed the International Date Line at midnight on 3 July, advancing the calendar date to 4 July. The assemblage steered zig-zag courses again, beginning at 08:00 on 4 July, and ending at 19:00 the following day, then began zig-zagging again one hour later (20:00) on 5 July.
The parlous American economy was thrown into chaos with prices soaring and unexpected shortages causing hardship in New England which was considering secession. The Hartford Convention led to widespread fears that the New England states might attempt to leave the Union which was exaggerated as most New Englanders did not wish to leave the Union and merely wanted an end to a war which was bringing much economic hardship, suggested that the continuation of the war might threaten the union, but also to a lesser extent British interests were hurt in the West Indies and Canada that had depended on that trade. Although American privateers found chances of success much reduced, with most British merchantmen now sailing in convoy, privateering continued to prove troublesome to the British, as shown by high insurance rates. British landowners grew weary of high taxes and colonial interests and merchants called on the government to reopen trade with the United States by ending the war.
Dealey was launched 8 November 1953 by Bath Iron Works Corporation, Bath, Maine, sponsored by Mrs. Samuel D. Dealey, widow of Commander Dealey, and commissioned on 3 June 1954 with Lieutenant Commander R. H. Rossell in command. Homeported at Naval Station Newport at Newport, Rhode Island, Dealey steamed on local exercises, cruised to Key West, Florida, to serve with the Fleet Sonar School, and joined in convoy exercises in the Caribbean during her first two-and-a-half years of service. On 4 January 1957 she departed Newport for a South American cruise, returning 21 March 1957 for exercises off the United States East Coast. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) exercises in the Irish Sea in September and October 1957 took her to Plymouth, England, and Brest and Cherbourg, France. On 12 May 1958 Dealey sailed for the Mediterranean as flagship of Escort Squadron 10 (CortRon 10), screening the aircraft carrier to her duty with the United States Sixth Fleet.
Following shakedown off San Diego, Rowe got underway for Pearl Harbor 24 May 1944. After 2 weeks of additional underway training in the Hawaiian Islands, she completed a round-trip escort run to Eniwetok, 16 June to 2 July, and on 3 August 1944 sailed as flagship of Destroyer Squadron 57 (DesRon 57) for Adak, Alaska, to report for duty with the 9th Fleet. She engaged in underway training there, and participated in three strikes against the Kurils; Matsuwa To Island on 21 November 1944, Suribati Wan on 3 January 1945, and Kurabu Zaki, Paramushiro Island on 18 February 1945. On 18 April, Destroyer Division 113 (DesDiv 113) was detached from the North Pacific Force and sailed for Pearl Harbor. Rowe seen here in 1944. Following repairs and training, Rowe sailed on 11 May for Ulithi with aircraft carrier Ticonderoga and her destroyer division. Arriving 22 May, she joined the 5th Fleet for duty and a week later left Ulithi in convoy for Okinawa. Reaching the Ryukyus 2 June, Rowe began radar picket duty.
She was a nurse in Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service, but had to resign to get married as the marriage bar was in force. Jeans and Emily had both at Chatham Hospital from 1 March 1910 to 6 August 1911. Emily was appointed, when nearly 21, to Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service as a nursing sister on 7 January 1909. She started worked at Haslar Hospital on 18 January 1909. She went to Chatham, Kent Chatham Hospital on 1 March 1910, and the 1911 census found her living at Wood Green in London with her mother and some of her siblings. She was promoted to the rank of Supervising Sister on 6 October 1911. She was posted to Plymouth Hospital on 7 November 1911, and on to Malta Hospital on 25 April 1913, from where she resigned on 3 January 1914, before travelling to Sri Lanka for her marriage. The start of the First World War saw Jeans's ship engaged in convoy work between Bombay and Aden.
On 5–6 May, she participated in escorting Convoy PQ 15. On 8 May 1942, Gremyashchy provided fire support for troop landings at Cape Pikshuev, and on 23 August, accompanied a detachment of warships at Kola Bay alongside Sokrushitelny. Between 25 and 27 August, she escorted the transport ship Dixon to Belushya Guba. Later during 17–20 September, she participated in Convoy PQ 18. She was then held for repairs from 16 January 1943 to 29 April 1943. In 1943 she took part in 18 escort missions within the Arctic Sea region. On 12 October 1943, the cargo ship Marina Raskova lost steering control as a result of stormy weather, and was towed by Gremyashchy. On 29 October, Gremyashchy was struck by the anchor of transport ship Kanin and required emergency repairs. During 8–12 November, she participated in escorting Convoy BC 21, and later stood for repairs between 19 November 1943 and January 15, 1944. During 21–22 January, Gremyashchy took part in an unsuccessful interception mission against an enemy convoy near Makkur.
She patrolled Alaskan waters until 11 May, when she screened transports landing troops on Adak from submarine attack. Next day she made several depth charge attacks on an enemy submarine and she continued antisubmarine patrol off the Aleutian Islands through June. Farragut patrolled and blockaded off Kiska from 5 July, joining in the bombardment of the island many times in the days before the landings of 15 August. She continued to protect the troops ashore at Kiska until 4 September, when she left Adak in convoy for San Francisco and a brief overhaul. Farragut put to sea, from San Diego 19 October 1943, bound for training in the Hawaiian Islands and at Espiritu Santo. Again guarding carriers, she took part in the air operations covering the landings on Tarawa 20 November, and screened the carriers until the task force shaped course for Pearl Harbor 8 December. The destroyer continued on to the west coast for a brief repair period and training, sailing from San Diego 13 January 1944 for action in the Marshall Islands.
The Army command arriving with the Pensacola Convoy formed the core of what became the Southwest Pacific Area command (SWPA), initially as United States Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA), with that command quickly requisitioning ships that included those from the convoy for local Army fleet service.Convoy and other vessels requisitioned or held in theater by USAFIA became the core of the Army's Southwest Pacific Area permanent local fleet. The commanding general, USAFIA, notified superiors he was retaining Holbrook in Australia along with a number of other large vessels. The ship was temporarily retained until other suitable shipping, particularly acquisition of twenty-one Dutch vessels, allowed release of several of the large ships, including Holbrook which did not became a part of the Army's permanent SWPA fleet. Holbrook was operating between Brisbane, Melbourne and Fremantle in February thus escaping the air attack on Darwin 19 February 1942 that sunk convoy mates Meigs and Admiral Halstead. The ship departed Fremantle on 22 February in convoy MS.5 escorted by that was bound for Colombo, Ceylon with troops and supplies eventually destined for India and Burma.
After an intermediate stop at Halifax, Hobbema arrived at the Cape Cod Canal on 19 June and proceeded on to New York where she arrived the next day. After making two trips to Philadelphia and back, she departed for Cape Cod Bay to form up with convoy BX 28 for Halifax, where she arrived on 11 July. Hobbema sailed from Halifax to Sydney, Nova Scotia, in convoy HS 28, and from there sailed on 17 July for Liverpool with convoy SC 92. After her arrival on 31 July, she spent nearly a month at Liverpool before joining convoy ON 126 for New York, arriving at that destination on 19 September. Hobbema sailed the next day for Newport News and took on of general cargo and ammunition and returned to New York on 15 October. She sailed nine days later as a part of convoy SC 107 headed for Liverpool. On 30 October, German submarine sighted the eastbound convoy and relayed the convoy's position to the Wolfpack Veilchen of thirteen U-boatsWolfpack Veilchen () consisted of submarines , , , , , , , , , , , , and .
The following year Lynch dispatched Morris again, along with Captain Allword. Morris turned to logwood hauling while Allword became a smuggler. In 1672 the English Trade and Plantations committee warned logwood ships to sail in convoy and prepare to defend themselves. Finally in 1674 the King issued a pardon specifically for Lecat and an Irish pirate named Philip Fitzgerald, forbidding them from serving other nations, offering them forgiveness if they surrendered, and authorizing the Jamaican Governor to hunt them down if not: “and in regard Captains Yellows and Fitzgerald, two of his Majesty's subjects, appeared to be the chief instruments of said depredations, That a Proclamation be issued for recalling his Majesty's subjects from the service of any foreign Prince between the tropics in America, with promise of pardon if they render themselves within a convenient time; and that the Governor of Jamaica receive speedy order for securing both said persons if found so offending after the time limited within his Government, and cause them to be sent prisoners to England.” Little is known of Lecat's further activities.
Marvin H. McIntyre, built under Maritime Commission contract (M.C.V. hull No. 45), was launched by the California Shipbuilding Corp., Wilmington, California, 21 September 1944; sponsored by Mrs. F. H. Warren, daughter of McIntyre; acquired by the Navy on loan charter 27 November 1944; and commissioned 28 November 1944, Captain John J. Hourihan in command. After shakedown, Marvin H. McIntyre stood out of Los Angeles Harbor, 18 January 1945, on her first war mission. She arrived at her destination, Lunga Point, Guadalcanal, 4 February and commenced intensive amphibious training operations in preparation for the invasion of Okinawa. Departing the Solomons 15 March, McIntyre steamed in convoy for the advanced staging area at Ulithi. There she rendezvoused with her task unit and sailed for the Ryukyus 27 March. At Okinawa on 1 April, she discharged passengers and cargo for the initial attack. The attack transport remained off Okinawa until 5 April, when she retired to the Marianas with wounded marines as passengers. She arrived at Saipan on the 9th, debarked the casualties, and got underway against the next day for Pearl Harbor. McIntyre reached Pearl Harbor 19 April, remaining for 2 weeks before continuing on to San Francisco.
The 5th Medium was eventually shifted to a new location near Godo. By 19 February 1945, the regiment came out of action and moved back to Cesenatico for movement to a new theater of action. On 23 February 1945 the 5th Medium learned that it was leaving Italy for North-West Europe. The regiment spent a week and a half in a camp outside of Naples (Camp Lammie) before boarding the ship, Ville D'Oran, on 12 March 1945 in Naples harbour. On 13 March 1945, at 10:30, the 5th Medium disembarked in Marseilles and was transported to a camp outside the city. The next day, in convoy, the 5th Medium moved through the Rhone Valley of France, into Belgium. On 19 March 1945, the regiment settled in the town of Waregam. After numerous cancelled movement orders, the 5th Medium eventually received orders to move into the Netherlands, outside of Nijmegen, firing on 1 April 1945 at 23:00 on targets along the Rhine and IJssel. By 15 April 1944, the 5th Medium moved to a new position north of Valberg, remaining there until 19 April 1945 when the regiment took up its last offensive position near Barneveld.
At Ulithi, she embarked a group of marines; and, on 15 April, the ship headed for Guam, arriving at Apra Harbor the following day. After embarking another group of Marines on 20 April, the ship continued on to Saipan, arriving the next day. On 23 April, she embarked a group of Army troops; and, four days later, the ship sailed in convoy for Okinawa. Sherburne arrived off Okinawa late in the afternoon of 1 May, and immediately began debarking troops and cargo. Operations were delayed by bad weather and air attacks; but, on the morning of 4 May, the ship completed offloading and got underway to return to Ulithi, arriving at that base on 9 May. Sailing the next day, she moored at San Francisco on 24 May. There she embarked troops; and, on 2 June, again sailed for the forward area, this time to the Philippines. She refueled at Eniwetok and Ulithi, and arrived at Manila on the morning of 23 May. On 4 July, she loaded Army troops for Cebu and delivered them there two days later. She then proceeded via Leyte to Biak, where she arrived on 11 July.
Bulysses sank with 9300 tons of gas oil and 4 of her crew. Other ships in convoy rescued the survivors. The corvettes Chambly and Moose Jaw observed the fireworks of these attacks and surprised while steaming to reinforce the escort. U-501 was first depth-charged by Chambly then rammed by Moose Jaw as the damaged submarine surfaced. The captain of U-501 jumped from the conning tower to Moose Jaws deck; and Moose Jaw sent a boarding party to enter the submarine. Eleven Germans and one of the Canadian boarding party (Stoker William Brown) were lost when U-501 sank.Milner 1985 pp.72-3 U-501 was the first U-boat sunk by Canadian escorts.Blair 1996 p.364 Just after midnight on 10/11 September torpedoed the 4924-GRT British freighter Berury and the 4815-GRT British freighter Stonepool, while Chambly and Moose Jaw were attacking U-501. Then U-432 torpedoed the 1231-GRT Swedish freighter Garm and U-82 torpedoed the 5463-GRT British freighter Empire Crossbill and the 1980-GRT Swedish freighter Scania two hours later while Alberni, Kenogami and Moose Jaw were rescuing survivors of Berury and Stonepool.Milner 1985 p.
Lloyd George had raised the matter of convoys at the War Committee in November 1916, only to be told by the admirals present, including Jellicoe, that convoys presented too large a target, and that merchant ship masters lacked the discipline to keep station in a convoy. In February 1917 Maurice Hankey, the secretary of the War Cabinet, wrote a memorandum for Lloyd George calling for the introduction of "scientifically organised convoys", almost certainly after being persuaded by Commander Reginald Henderson and the Shipping Ministry officials with whom he was in contact. After a breakfast meeting (13 February 1917) with Lloyd George, Sir Edward Carson (First Lord of the Admiralty) and Admirals Jellicoe and Duff agreed to "conduct experiments"; however, convoys were not in general use until August, by which time the rate of shipping losses was already in decline after peaking in April. Lloyd George later claimed in his War Memoirs that the delay in introducing convoys was because the Admiralty mishandled an experimental convoy between Britain and Norway, and because Jellicoe obtained, behind Maclay's back, an unrepresentative sample of merchant skippers claiming that they lacked the skill to "keep station" in convoy.
Together with the escort carrier , Kaiyō was loaded with aircraft bound for the Philippines to be delivered in Convoy HI-69. They departed on 13 July and arrived a week later. The convoy left Manila four days later and reached Japan on 1 August. The ship's machinery broke down as she was preparing to join another convoy on 4 August and she was transferred to Sasebo. On 25 October, Kaiyō ferried a dozen transport aircraft to Keelung, Taiwan, and arrived at Kure on 2 November. The ship was assigned to escort Convoy HI-83 to Singapore via Taiwan and Hainan Island on 25 November and arrived on 13 December. En route, she was assigned to the First Escort Fleet on 10 December. While returning to Japan with Convoy HI-84 later that month, Kaiyō was attacked and missed by the submarine on 31 December. After arriving at Moji on 13 January 1945, the ship was transferred to Kure and assigned to pilot training in the Inland Sea. On 19 March 1945, while moored at Kure, Kaiyō was attacked by an American carrier aircraft from Task Force 58.
In 1683 he married Margery Sheridan, the sister of Sir Thomas Sheridan, Secretary of State for Ireland, and they had one child, Meredith Gwyllym, junior, who died unmarried in 1728. In 1687 they built an extension to Ballyconnell Castle at a cost of £500 but when King James II came to the throne of England on 6 February 1685, the Catholics began to take power and in 1688 they occupied Ballyconnell Castle and burned it to the ground, causing the Gwyllyms to go and live in Cloverhill (also known as Drumcassidy), County Cavan, until the war was over. The Gwyllym estate was sold for £8,000 in 1724 to Colonel Alexander Montgomery (1686-1729) of Convoy House in Convoy, East Donegal, M.P. for Donegal Borough, 1725 to 1727, and for Donegal County, 1727 to 1729. He died in 1729 and left the Ballyconnell estate to his nephew George Leslie who then assumed the name George Leslie Montgomery. George Leslie Montgomery was M.P. for Strabane, County Tyrone, from 1765 to 1768 and for County Cavan from 1770 to 1787, when he died and left the Ballyconnell estate to his son George Montgomery (b.
Chiwawa cleared Norfolk, Virginia, 13 February 1943 to load oil at Aruba, and returned to New York 25 February to join a convoy for Casablanca, Morocco, which sailed 4 March. Attacked by a wolf-pack east of the Azores, the convoy lost four ships, but aircraft from Port Lyautey, Morocco, drove the U-boats away, and the remainder of the convoy arrived safely 21 March. Chiwawa put out of Casablanca in convoy 11 April for Norfolk, arriving 28 April after a quiet passage. Between 4 May and 17 July she ferried oil on the east coast, loading at Aruba, Netherlands West Indies, and Port Arthur, Texas, and discharging her cargo at Bermuda, Argentia, Newfoundland and Norfolk. She made three convoy crossings, to Scotland, Wales, and Casablanca, between 17 July and 4 December, then resumed operations to Port Arthur and Aruba, except for the period 25 January-8 March 1944, when she again crossed to North Africa. After two convoy crossings to the British Isles in May and July 1944, Chiwawa sailed 14 July from Norfolk for Mers el Kebir, Algeria, and Naples, Italy, arriving 5 August.
The squadron's first commanding officer was Raymond Brownell. It was renamed No. 25 Squadron on 1 January 1939. Following the declaration of World War II, the squadron was allocated Australian built Wirraways, operating these in convoy protection and anti- submarine roles off the Western Australia coast around Fremantle and Rottnest Island. When Japan entered the war, the squadron also received some Brewster Buffaloes and with these two obsolete aircraft types, No. 25 Squadron was tasked with providing the air defence of Perth, amidst concerns of a possible Japanese invasion. The squadron was re-equipped with Vultee Vengeance dive bombers in August 1943, and once the threat of invasion passed, it began joint exercises with the Army. In January 1945, the squadron was re-equipped with B-24 Liberator heavy bombers and undertook its first operation two months later out of Cunderdin—refuelling in northern Western Australia at Corunna Downs and Truscott—to bomb targets in the Dutch East Indies. For the rest of the war, No. 25 Squadron was tasked with attacking Japanese shipping and base facilities in the Dutch East Indies. The squadron also assisted in the Allied landings at Brunei Bay in northern Borneo, having re-located to Tarakan in June 1945.

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