The anatomy is straightforward: front quarter, saddle and hind end.
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But it has to stick its hind end out to breathe.
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"His hind end was blistered raw" when he first arrived, said Poppy.
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Most dogs will quickly stop fighting if their hind end is in the air.
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Tandy left the spectacle, went round the truck where the long, huge hind end of the Bigurl projected out from the last set of wheels.
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Reining horses can develop problems in their hindquarters and back legs because many of the maneuvers require them to drop their hind end into the dirt to skid to a stop or spin on their haunches, Marcella said.
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"Unfortunately, she was never able to stand, apparently due to cardiac insufficiency in her hind end, and her owner, in consultation with the vet, made the difficult but humane decision to put her to sleep," Hansen said in the statement.
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The garden valley is approximate in length, with a small waterfall and swimming hole at the valley's hind end.
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The anellus is barely sclerotized, and has a small and finely bristled lobe on each side near the hind end. The aedeagus is long, slender, and seems to lack cornuti. In the female genitals, the ostium forms a broad funnel, with a large sclerotized and rough plate towards the hind end on each side. The antrum is a narrow and sclerotized ring.
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The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a pharynx, an oesophagus and a posterior intestine with two branches of un equal lengths, provided with numerous bifurcating branches on the inner and outer sides and one of them extends much more backwards into the haptor. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior genital atrium provided with numerous conical slightly recurved spines and opening a short distance in front of the hind end of the oesophagus, a dorsal vagina opening behind the front end of the intestine, a single ovary "somewhat like a hastily written capital E", vitellaria extending from near the hind end of the oesophagus to the hind end of the body and 15 large testes which are posterior to the ovary and extends from the hind end of the ovary to a little in front of the posterior end of the vitellaria.
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The larvae are brightly colored, with tufts of hair-like setae. The head is bright red and the body has yellow or white stripes, with a black stripe along the middle of the back. Bright red defensive glands are seen on the hind end of the back. Four white toothbrush- like tufts stand out from the back, and a gray-brown hair pencil is at the hind end.
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It is therefore less suitable for riding horses that are expected to develop the strength to carry the back up with an engaged hind end, and may also be associated with back or stifle problems.
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Female is larger than the male, about 12mm. Abdomen is triangular, and spinnerets pointing downwards and the hind-end pointing backwards. The body has silvery spots and has long and thin legs. Male has bumps on their head.
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The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a muscular pharynx, a moderate length oesophagus ending a little behind the genital atriuml pore,and a posterior intestine with two branches provided with numerous lateral diverticula on the inner and outer sides except for the terminal portion of the branche. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior genital atrium opening a little in front of the hind end of the oesophagus and armed with slightly recurved conical spines, a dorsal vagina opening much behind the posterior end of the oesophagus as the common genital opening is before it, a single irregularly S-shaped ovary, and 50 small testeswhich are posterior to the ovary, extending from the hind end of the ovary to near the hind end of the body proper. The sequence of the species' ITS2 rDNA gene has been published.
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On November 1, 2013 Harlan's Holiday was euthanized after suddenly collapsed after returning to his stall, having suddenly lost use of his hind end. He prolapsed intestine from his rectum and went into shock. After multiple attempts to repair the prolapse, the horse was euthanized.
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The ductus seminalis attaches at the side, from the hind end of the long, broad ductus bursae, whose surface is mostly roughened. The bursa copulatrix is not sclerotized and very small, with the signum a grainy band that runs around the bursa at midway.
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The spinous dorsal fin is situated above the pelvis. The hind end of the caudal fin is forked or concave, and it is set at the end of a stout peduncle. The pectoral fins are placed low down on the sides. The barracuda has a large swim bladder.
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Also in the hindwings is presents a black point in the discal cell.Gianluca Doremi Altervista The eggs are oval and relatively small. The caterpillar is rather short, becomes thinner towards the hind end, and shows distinct constrictions. It is grey brown or brown and has a narrow, light line on the back.
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In Australia, it is called the Rump Cap. It is the top hind end of the cattle where the tail originates. Alternatively, a similar cut of beef from a young ox, properly hung, with firm white fat (not yellow). The fat can be left on to prevent the meat from becoming dry.
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Mulesing is named after John W. H. Mules, who developed the practice. While shearing a ewe which had suffered several flystrikes, Mules's hand slipped and his blade shears removed some skin from her hind end. Mules noticed that this prevented the occurrence of flystrike. The procedure was refined, experimented with, and demonstrated to reduce flystrike.
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After that the sand is kept loose by a current of water driven through the burrow from the hind end by the waves of contraction passing along the worm's body. It weighs . Lugworms also have hairs on the outside of their bodies that act as external gills. These can rapidly increase its uptake of oxygen.
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Many Sphingidae caterpillars bear a single curved horn on their hind end. These are actually not dangerous, but large-haired caterpillars should generally not be touched except by experts. Most saturniid larvae feed on the foliage of trees and shrubs. A few, particularly Hemileucinae such as Automeris louisiana, A. patagonensis, and Hemileuca oliviae, feed on grasses.
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Antaeotricha murinella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil. Adults are mouse coloured, the forewings with a whitish oblique apical space extending from four-fifths of the length of the costa nearly to the hind end of the exterior border, and containing some cinereous points.
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If this is not done, he may lag with his hind end. When training a horse to gallop up or down a steep incline, he should first be taught on soft ground. Xenophon mentions that the reader should not fear that the horse will dislocate a shoulder when running downhill. Xenophon then turns to the position of the rider.
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The canter may also be used for lameness evaluation. Resistance to picking up the canter or to engage the hind end can suggest pain in the sacro-iliac joint, pelvis, or hind leg. Lameness may be accentuated under certain conditions. Therefore, the moving examination is often performed both in a straight line and on a circle, and may be repeated on different footings.
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Bozo, on the other hand, would pull with his front end and power through the turn with his hind end. This gave him success in all kinds of barrel organizations and terrain. Bozo's success had breeders interested in his pedigree. His sire, Sun Frost, had two sons that particularly became well known and desired: Frenchmans Guy and PC Frenchmans Hayday.
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Chief Rider Meixner on Neapolitano Bona The piaffe () is a dressage movement where the horse is in a highly collected and cadenced trot, in place or nearly in place. "Piaffe", Cheval-haute-ecole.com, 2010, web: CH-Piaffe. The center of gravity of the horse should be more towards the hind end, with the hindquarters slightly lowered and great bending of the joints in the hind legs.
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The reinback, clearly helping to engage the horse's hind end. To perform the rein- back, the rider applies both leg aids and a resisting hand. The leg asks the horse to move, but the hand prevents the horse from going forward, so it instead releases that energy in a step back. As soon as the horse begins to step back, the aids are released.
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The walk and trot should be efficient and expansive, the latter with some action. The physique should speak of a moderately elegant horse of great depth and breadth, well-sprung ribs and a strong hind end. The head should be expressive with a large, friendly eye. The neck is muscular, medium-length, well-formed and set high on a long, sloping, muscular shoulder with defined withers.
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The adult beetles are shiny metallic green and can sometimes appear red or deep blue. They are clothed in hairs irregularly on the upperside but more densely on the sides and underside. The elytra are raised into a ridge along the edge where they meet towards the hind end of the body. A fine ridge extends from the forehead to the tip of the clypeus.
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The trot and canter are ideally energetic with obvious suspension (moment in which the horse is totally airborne) and an elastic quality. The energy for all three gaits should come from the hind end. Scores may be given for "walk", "trot" and "canter" individually, with a separate score for "correctness of gaits". Some registries do not ask to see the mare canter, though this is uncommon.
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A shortened canter stride When the horse shortens its stride, it rebalances its weight toward the hindquarters. In the actual collected canter, the horse should carry the majority of its weight on the hind end, rather than the front end. The hindquarters will sink lower toward the ground, and the forehand will appear higher and lighter. The horse should maintain tempo, rhythm, and impulsion.
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A similar feature is found at the tip of the sacculus, which by itself is only slightly sclerotized. The cucullus is rounded, and a bunch of bristles is located inside the base of the costa. The uncus forms another long, slim and curved process. The vinculum is rounded, the tegumen longish with a truncated hind end, and the anellus is a sclerotized plate, also curved and slender.
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In most species, the hind end of the headshield is narrowed, raised and curved forward, sometimes being further forward than the front edge of the head. A radula is present, but no jaws. These slugs are mostly brightly coloured and distinctively patterned. Gastropterids have parapodia (large outgrowths from the mantle wall) and can swim by flapping these, which has led to them being referred to as "bat-winged slugs".
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About 150 are laid, and are packed closely in one or two layers, forming an egg plate that is stuck to a rock surface. They hatch in five or more weeks at and the development of the offspring is direct. Newly hatched young are pale brown with five to seven eyespots. By a week later, they have darkened in colour, the front end becoming browner and the hind end becoming reddish.
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2009 The adult female keeps the eggs inside the abdomen until all of the eggs are produced and then lays the eggs through an ovipositor located on the hind end of the abdomen. Muscina flies mating These eggs are very small in size. Female adult flies usually choose decaying matter as sites to lay the eggs. These nutrient-rich areas are ideal for the growth and development of the hatching larvae.
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Between the antenna bases and the compound eyes there is a small crescent of white scales on each side. The tegula has buff scales at the hind end. The abdomen is reddish-grey, but the 8th segment is white in the front part, reddish in the hind part. The end of the abdomen bears a tuft of elongated scales which are buff with reddish tips above, and entirely reddish below.
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The "Glen sit," in which the dog sits on its hind end and holds its entire body vertical, is a posture not commonly seen in other breeds. As terriers, Glens can have a stubborn streak, but they respond well to a firm hand and can withstand correction when necessary. They are intelligent, learn quickly, and socialize easily. They are typically fearless and loyal, and are superb with people, including children.
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Red-footed and yellow-footed tortoises seem to be a significant food source for jaguars in some parts of their respective ranges, such as Manú National Park in Peru. Jaguars bite at the carapace and work at cracking or prying it apart to extract the soft tissues. Many tortoises show toothmarks from attacks that they survived, often on the hind end when they were otherwise protected in a burrow or shelter.
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The Gobi jerboa is similar to Allactaga siberica in color. Its fur is light, and the entirety of its back, as well as the outer sides of its thigh, is grayish buff. The underside of the Gobi jerboa, as well as the forearms, hind limbs, and upper lip are pure white to the roots of the hair. Additionally, a prominent hip strip adorns the outside of the hind end of the thigh.
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This quality is responsible for the powerful, active hind end and the great freedom in the forehand. These horses usually have a metronomic trot and ample suspension. In comparison to the riding horse type, the Tuigpaarden are more hot and sensitive to the energy of a crowd. However, with the control of the stallion inspections, bad-tempered horses or those with poor constitutions are at the very least identified, if not culled outright.
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As in other ctenophores, from the main stomach a network of channels branch through the mesogloea. Some of these have blind ends and others link up. They supply nutrients to the most active parts of the animal, the mouth, pharynx, combs of cilia and the sensory organs at the hind end of the body. Each comb plate has its own meridional canal situated directly beneath it and a ring of channels surround the mouth.
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A variety of behaviours exhibited by dogs can be interpreted to convey certain emotions. A well-known behaviour associated with playful moods in dogs is known as a play bow, where a dog lowers its forelimbs and chest while raising its hind end and wagging its tail. This may be followed with other playful actions, such as bouncing movements and face pawing. In young dogs, urination can be a behaviour associated with submission.
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Grand Prix horses show amazing trot extensions. Though not as visually impressive, equally important is the extended walk, which shows that the horse can easily relax and stretch in the midst of the more collected movements. ; Collected gaits (trot and canter) : A shortening of stride in which the horse brings its hindquarters more underneath himself and carries more weight on his hind end. The tempo does not change, the horse simply shortens and elevates his stride.
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The diameter of the coupled wheels was increased from . The hind end of the frame was redesigned and the bridle casting was removed and replaced by a frame plate, riveted to the main bar frame and carried through to the hind buffer beam. A new steel casting, extending across and over the main frame, added rigidity and served as a support for the boiler at the throat plate. A new design of drag box was installed.
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Eleodes osculans, the wooly darkling beetle, is a common nocturnal insect in coastal southern California. As a stink beetle of genus Eleodes, its easily observed defensive posture is to raise its hind end and secrete an unpleasant odor. This is one of the few Tenebrionid beetle species in North America to be covered in visible fuzz. E. osculans is the only known darkling beetle species which has brightly colored reddish brown hair covering most of its black exoskeleton.
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The anal scutes vary to allow the male's tail more mobility and allows more protection for the female's hind end. The gap between the points of the anal scales and the marginals is wider and the anal scutes form a broader angle- almost a straight line across- in males to allow the tail to move laterally. The angle is more closed (to about a 90° angle) and the points are closer to the marginals in females.
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This allows the animal to anchor its hind end in position, and force the head forwards, and then pull the rest of the body up to reach it in waves. In water or very loose mud, caecilians instead swim in an eel-like fashion. Caecilians in the family Typhlonectidae are aquatic, and the largest of their kind. The representatives of this family have a fleshy fin running along the rear section of their bodies, which enhances propulsion in water.
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The Rump Parliament was the English Parliament after Colonel Thomas Pride purged the Long Parliament, on 6 December 1648, of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason. "Rump" normally means the hind end or back-side of a mammal; its use meaning "remnant" was first recorded in the above context in English. Since 1649, the term "rump parliament" has been used to refer to any parliament left over from the actual legitimate parliament.
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Field crickets are normally in size, depending on the species, and can be black, red or brown in color. While both males and females have very similar basic body plans, each has its own distinguishing feature(s). Females can be identified by the presence of an ovipositor, a spike-like appendage, about long, on the hind end of the abdomen between two cerci. This ovipositor allows the female to bury her fertilized eggs into the ground for protection and development.
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The underwings have a strong yellow band and in flight, the moth buzzes, appearing like a bee. The forewings are violet grey when fresh and have a "barklike pattern of swirling black lines" according to David Beadle and Seabrooke Leckie. At rest, they raise their abdomens and are well camouflaged on tree bark, looking like a broken branch (Wagner 2005). Early instars are a pale greenish white, with at first a horn, but later a brown knob near the hind end.
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In the male, the clasper's harpe is simple, with a slightly widened cucullus, and covered in long thin bristles. The uncus consists of two fingered processes which bear short thick bristles; the vinculum is triangular. The tegumen is almost square, and at the hind end of the upper side bears two groups of long, thick bristles; the anellus is small, flat, but notably sclerotized (hardened). The aedeagus is almost straight, robust, but not very long; the vesica bears two strong horns.
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Beginning the canter pirouette to the right. A Pirouette is a French word for the Ballet reference, "to whirl about." A pirouette is a two-track lateral movement asked of a horse in dressage, in which the animal makes a circle with its front end around a smaller circle made by the hind end. Specifically, the front legs and outside hind leg should travel around the inside hind leg, with the horse remaining slightly bent in the direction of travel.
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The pivot on the hindquarters (or spin) is commonly seen in reining, and asks the horse to ground the inside hind leg and pivot forelegs around that point. The turn on the center asks the horse to turn around an imaginary pivot point located at the center of his barrel. The horse bends in the direction of the turn, moving his forehand in the direction of the turn and his hind end in the opposite direction. This allows the horse to turn in a very confined area.
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They have small heads and 11 or 13 segments, and moult six to 13 times over the course of a year or more. In temperate species, the larvae have a quiescent period during winter (diapause), while tropical species breed several times a year. In the majority of species, they are white, but in some, they are greenish or brownish, and they often have dark bands on each segment. A respiratory siphon at the hind end allows the larvae to obtain air when submerged in water.
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Jerry obliges by popping a champagne cork, which shoots out to give Tom a sharp womp in the face. Tom then grabs Jerry, but Nibbles, purposefully this time and carrying a fork, ricochets off the jello and stabs Tom in the hind end. Tom howls in pain and then uses the fork to catch Nibbles, and Jerry, perched on a candelabra, whacks Tom in the face with a large spoon, knocking him back. Sneaking back to the table, Tom sets a bowl of cattails on fire one at a time, throwing them like spears.
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This launches a swashbuckling fencing display against Tom, ending in Tom catching Jerry. Nibbles tips a halberd toward Tom and it shaves the tabard and all the fur off Tom's back from head to hind end (revealing ruffled white underwear), while Nibbles hides in some fruit. Nibbles runs away, but is sent flying by Tom into a full wine glass – but Jerry saves him by hurling a tomato at Tom, followed by multiple vegetables and meat chunks. After impaling them all on his rapier, Tom then heats and eats them like a shish kebab.
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A horse is straight when the hind legs follow the path of the front legs, on both straight lines and on bending lines, and the body follows the line of travel. Straightness allows the horse to channel its impulsion directly toward its center of balance, and allows the rider's hand aids to have a connection to the hind end. When working on straightness in the horse, a common exercise is used called 'shoulder in'. The exercise is the beginning of straightness in the horse as well as collection and can increase impulsion in the horse.
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Analysing a dog's body as a whole unit is important in determining a dog's emotions. A standing, upright position can indicate dominance, or suggests aggression if the body is stiff. A withdrawn body position with weight distributed to the hind end of a dog suggests fear. The difference between active submission and passive submission can be discerned based on a dog's posture; active submission is demonstrated by keeping the body low to the ground, while passive submission is demonstrated by lying on the ground with the underbelly exposed.
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In the developing embryo, at the hind end lies a cloaca. This, over the fourth to the seventh week, divides into a urogenital sinus and the beginnings of the anal canal, with a wall forming between these two inpouchings called the urorectal septum. The urogenital sinus divides into three parts, with the upper and largest part becoming the bladder; the middle part becoming the urethra, and the lower part changes depending on the biological sex of the embryo. The human urinary bladder derives from the urogenital sinus, and it is initially continuous with the allantois.
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The rein-back should be performed in a straight line, with the rider's legs used softly behind the girth to keep the hindquarters straight. The upper body of the rider stays upright, leaning neither forward nor back. Leaning back is especially bad, as it drives the seat bones of the rider into the horse, causing the animal to hollow its back. It is sometimes useful to transfer the weight of the seat onto the thighs when asking for the rein back, so that the horse may easily round up through its back and engage its hind end.
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The mesoderm around the tubules becomes condensed to form the connective tissue of the kidney. The ureter opens at first into the hind-end of the Wolffian duct; after the sixth week it separates from the Wolffian duct, and opens independently into the part of the cloaca which ultimately becomes the urinary bladder. The renal tubules become arranged into renal pyramids, and the lobulated condition of the kidneys exists for some time after birth, while traces of it may be found even in the adult. The kidney of the ox and many other animals, on the other hand, remains lobulated throughout life.
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The (tooth-bearing bone at the front of the lower jaw) was short compared to the rest of the lower jaw, as in other ceratosaurians. The front end of the dentary was down-turned and had a convex inner margin, similar to the related Masiakasaurus. The angular bone of the lower jaw was positioned significantly forwards in relation to the hind end of the mandible, similar to other ceratosaurians. Juveniles had nine teeth in each side of the upper jaw and twelve in each side of the lower; they were gradually lost as they grew, disappearing by adulthood.
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In front of the buccopharyngeal area, where the lateral crescents of mesoderm fuse in the middle line, the pericardium is afterward developed, and this region is therefore designated the pericardial area. A second region where the mesoderm is absent, at least for a time, is that immediately in front of the pericardial area. This is termed the proamniotic area, and is the region where the proamnion is developed; in humans, however, it appears that a proamnion is never formed. A third region is at the hind end of the embryo, where the ectoderm and endoderm come into apposition and form the cloacal membrane.
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The frontal was overlapped by the nasal and (bone in front of the eye socket) at the middle front, and its frontmost part contacted the hind end of the nasal. Seen from the side, the hind part of the frontal was dome-like, which indicates that Xixiasaurus had an enlarged braincase. The rim of the (eye socket) was raised, with weak notches along the margins. The lacrimal bone was T-shaped in side view; its front process was very long and reached the hind margin of the antorbital fenestra, forming most of the latter's upper hind border, as in Byronosaurus.
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Diagram of the Heisman shift. The jump shift or Heisman shift, was an American football shift maneuver utilized by John Heisman. In this system, only the center was on the line of scrimmage, and the backfield would be in a line, as one would in an I-formation with an extra halfback at the hind end, or a giant T. The players could shift into various formations. In one version, the line shifted so that the center was between guard and tackle, and the three back nearest the line of scrimmage would shift all to one side.
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In "Roger Dodger," he tells Rico that he would take him out if he had to and tells him "just ask Manfredi and Johnson." In "An Elephant Never Forgets," he tells them that while he was training Private that Manfredi and Johnson "fell for the exploding elephant foot." They are also mentioned by Private, who claims that they mistook the hind end of a beluga whale for an escape tunnel. In "Maurice at Peace," it is implied that they were accidentally smothered by the others due to a misinterpretation of a message which actually said to smother them with affection.
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During "flight", the horse's center of mass follows a parabolic trajectory over which it has no control. The horse can change the position of its legs and body in relation to the center of mass, however, which is critical to clearing an obstacle safely. The horse's body rotates through the air, a quality called "bascule", to ensure that while the forehand clears the fence, the shoulders are the highest point of the body, and while the hind end clears the fence, the hips are the highest point of the body. The bascule is the horse's arc over the fence.
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In the developing embryo, at the hind end lies a cloaca. This, over the fourth to the seventh week, divides into a urogenital sinus and the beginnings of the anal canal, with a wall forming between these two inpouchings called the urorectal septum. The urogenital sinus divides into three parts, with the middle part forming the urethra; the upper part is largest and becomes the urinary bladder, and the lower part then changes depending on the biological sex of the embryo. The cells lining the urethra (the epithelium) come from endoderm, whereas the connective tissue and smooth muscle parts are derived from mesoderm.
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This horse, being built "downhill," will find it harder to shift the weight to the hind end. A horse's "motor" is located in his hindquarters, and a horse that is heavy on the forehand (weight primarily on the forehand) is not able to properly move forward with impulsion. For good impulsion, a horse must either be balanced or have most of its weight tilted back toward its hindquarters. Good riding aims to help transfer some of the animal's body weight back, getting the horse "off the forehand," but some riding disciplines require a greater amount of this transfer of weight (or "collection") than others.
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In the developing embryo, at the hind end lies an inpouching called the cloaca. This, over the fourth to the seventh week, divides into a urogenital sinus and the beginnings of the anal canal, with a wall forming between these two inpouchings called the urorectal septum. The urogenital sinus divides into three parts, with the middle part forming the urethra; the upper part is largest and becomes the urinary bladder, and the lower part then changes depending on the biological sex of the embryo. The prostatic part of the urethra develops from the middle, pelvic, part of the urogenital sinus, which is of endodermal origin.
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Some ascribe it to the Dutch word dodoor for "sluggard", but it is more probably related to Dodaars, which means either "fat-arse" or "knot-arse", referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end. The first record of the word Dodaars is in Captain Willem Van West-Zanen's journal in 1602. The English writer Sir Thomas Herbert was the first to use the word dodo in print in his 1634 travelogue claiming it was referred to as such by the Portuguese, who had visited Mauritius in 1507. Another Englishman, Emmanuel Altham, had used the word in a 1628 letter in which he also claimed its origin was Portuguese.
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In the developing embryo, at the hind end lies a cloaca. This, over the fourth to the seventh week, divides into a urogenital sinus and the beginnings of the anal canal, with a wall forming between these two inpouchings called the urorectal septum. Two ducts form next to each other that connect to the urogenital sinus; the mesonephric duct and the paramesonephric duct, which go on to form the reproductive tracts of the male and female respectively. In the male, under the influence of testosterone, the mesonephric duct proliferates, forming the epididymis, ductus deferens and, via a small outpouching near the developing prostate, the seminal vesicles.
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Impulsion causes the horse to engage its hind end, lift its back, and finally (when it becomes submissive and accepts contact with the bit, without resistance) results in the horse flexing at the poll, maintaining an elastic contact that is equal on both sides of the bit. The horse stretches over its topline and follows the bit's contact forward and down. Being "on the bit" is more than just a fancy head position; seesawing on the bit causes tension throughout the body. On the bit is synonymous with "on the aids", where the horse is relaxed, using its back and hindquarters, and is responsive to the aids without tension.
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The horse "bounces" between the two jumps, landing with his hind legs before immediately taking off with his front legs. The distance between the two usually is 7–8 feet for small ponies; 9 ft for large ponies or small horses; and 9.5–11 ft for horses. A bounce (or several can be used in a row for more advanced horses) teaches the horse good balance, to push off with his hind end, and to fold his front end well. It can also be used to slow down a speedy horse, as a horse cannot go flying over a bounce (he/she will knock a rail) as he could with a single jump.
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They closely resemble the red-footed tortoise, and can sometimes be difficult to tell apart, especially as a preserved specimen, which led to quite a bit of confusion over the names and ranges. The carapace (shell top) is a long oval with parallel sides and a high-domed back that is generally flat along the vertebrals (scutes or shell scales along the top of the carapace) with a slight peak near the hind end. There are five vertebral scutes, four pairs of costals, eleven pairs of marginals, no nuchal scute (the marginal over the neck) and a large, undivided supracaudal (the marginals over the tail). The front and rear marginals (scutes along the edge of the carapace) are slightly serrated in front and rear of young yellow-footed tortoises.
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