DETROIT (Reuters Breakingviews) - Shareholders are leaving Auto 20203 in the hard shoulder.
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Don't take matters into you own hands and decide who uses the hard shoulder.
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I suddenly realised I was losing steering but there was no hard shoulder to pull on to.
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"Smart motorways", which were first deployed in 2006, use the hard shoulder as an extra lane at busy times.
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I was woken up by the car going along the ridges that segregate the road from the hard shoulder.
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Abruptly he pulled his Porsche onto the hard shoulder and began reversing illegally up a ramp for oncoming traffic.
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Big data analytics solves this by making reversible lanes, dynamic lane management and even hard-shoulder running a real-time reality.
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"With her speech, Mrs Merkel is indicating toward the future, but the actions of her government mean she is still parked on the (hard) shoulder," he said.
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After a three-hour journey, the driver left the truck on the hard shoulder of the A4 highway in Austria and returned to Hungary in the reconnaissance car.
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If all goes well, and their system proves able to cope with the nightmares of commuting in southern California, they will not be left stranded on the hard shoulder.
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Lightning defenseman Anton Stralman put a hard shoulder into center Bryan Little as he lost his balance, but the play netted the Lightning a five-on-three power play between a four-minute roughing penalty and the bench minor.
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It was weird and wonderful, partially a story about his first experience on mushrooms, the way he saw a car's center console breathing, the experience of the "imperial palm trees and climbing vines living their lives out just off the [hard] shoulder," the psychedelia of everything.
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Instead, drivers are warned on entry from the A3 and M27 of the lack of hard shoulder, with signs saying "no hard shoulder for 2 miles".
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M25 in Hertfordshire, where the motorway operates as four-lane running without a hard shoulder between J23-27. Variable speed limits with the hard shoulder removed and converted to a permanent running lane.
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M25 in Hertfordshire. Variable speed limits with the hard shoulder operating as it would on a conventional motorway. They have most often been installed where a motorway has previously been widened but with a discontinuous hard shoulder to incorporate existing bridges, therefore using the hard shoulder as a running lane is ruled out. Existing gantries are upgraded to support signals capable of displaying a mandatory speed limit and speed cameras.
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A section of motorway with dynamic hard shoulder on the M42 in the West Midlands. Under RIS2 Variable speed limits with the hard shoulder selectively opened as a running lane during periods when traffic levels are too high for only three lanes of running traffic. When activated, vehicles can use the hard shoulder as a running lane. All lanes are limited to a maximum of 60 mph, but these can be lowered further.
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The hard shoulder is never opened on the sections under a junction between the off and on slip roads. Close to junctions use of the hard shoulder as a lane is restricted to traffic exiting or entering at that junction. ATM involves converting the hard shoulder into a normal lane during periods of high traffic flow to expand the capacity of the road and may reduce the need to widen motorways. Similar schemes have already been implemented in Europe.
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Cagney has filled in for Ivan Yates on his Hard Shoulder, drive time radio show on Newstalk.
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Yates is a regular conference speaker, motivational speaker and MC at business events in Ireland. He co-hosted The Tonight Show on TV3 and presented The Hard Shoulder on Newstalk until his retirement from broadcasting in July 2020. Kieran Cuddihy replaced Yates as the host of The Hard Shoulder in September 2020.
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The hard shoulder, or bande d'arrêt d'urgence, is often narrower than on full motorways and there are fewer emergency telephones.
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When the speed limit has been lowered to or below the hard shoulder can be opened as an additional lane. To facilitate this and still maintain safety a series of refuge areas have been created around every along that stretch of the road. These take the form of lay bys to the side of the hard shoulder and contain the SOS phones within them. In the event of a vehicle breaking down on the hard shoulder, operators can close it or they can close a lane to allow emergency services access to an accident.
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Isolated stretches on a smart motorway where the hard shoulder becomes a permanent running lane through a junction and immediately surrounding the slip roads.
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The route leads four lanes immediately south of the Rhine past Ingelheim and Heidesheim am Rhein to the motorway junction Mainz, where the A 643 branches off to Wiesbaden. From the Ingelheim-West interchange, the hard shoulder of the southern, from the junction Heidesheim also the hard shoulder of the northern directional lane in each case up to the triangle Mainz to a regular third lane is marked and instead, isolated emergency shelters have been built. Subsequently, the A 60 forms the southern part of the Mainz ring and leads south around Mainz. Up to the intersection Mainz- South, it is only four-lane without hard shoulder and equipped with emergency shelters.
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The N73 road is a national secondary road in Ireland. It is made up entirely of single carriageway with few overtaking opportunities and only a small amount of hard shoulder.
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In the first few weeks of the contraflow in force, many accidents happened on the stretch, and with no hard shoulder emergency vehicles found it hard to get to the scene.
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The Agency did state that normally accident statistics should be compared over a 3-year period, so the initial results should be treated with caution. They also stated that no accidents had been caused by hard shoulder use as a normal lane. The report also stated that there had been a 10% fall in pollution and 4% fall in fuel consumption. The report also indicated a compliance rate of 98% to the indicated speed limits when using the hard shoulder.
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The HADECS camera was introduced in 2012.Standards for Highways HADECS cameras have been introduced to enforce variable speed limits (VSLs) as found commonly on managed motorways - hard shoulder running in peak traffic flows.
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It passes the city of Monte Plata, Bayaguana and the Los Haitises National Park and 12 bridges had to be built to cross difficult terrain and rivers. Each lane is 3.65 metres wide and there's a hard shoulder for emergency stops. The total width of the 2 lanes and the hard shoulder on each side is 8 metres. The construction of this new rural highway was done through private financing which is to be paid with tolls from RD$350.00 up to RD$700.00 each way.
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The total contracted value of the works was €33.7 million, and it was financed from an EBRD loan. The bridge carries a full motorway profile, having two traffic lanes, hard shoulder lane and two pedestrian lanes.
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Most sections of the federal highways are only single carriageway with one lane for each direction and no hard shoulder pull-out area. The closest equivalent in the United States would be the U.S. highway system.
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In the same month, he co-presented a tribute to Raymond Baxter. Notes From The Hard Shoulder and James May's 20th Century, a book to accompany the television series of the same name, were published in 2007.
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Each tube has two car lanes without a hard shoulder. Every 250 metres, the two tunnel tubes are connected by lateral connections. Normally the cross-connections are closed and locked. In an emergency, the doors unlock automatically.
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The hard shoulder is usually demarcated by road markings in the form of a single dashed yellow line with the addition of yellow cat's eyes. On motorways, and at critical points on other routes (e.g. between junctions or interchanges, or beneath overpasses) a solid yellow line is used, denoting additional restrictions on usage of the hard shoulder. At junctions and on-ramps and off-ramps, the yellow line peels away into the turn, with a dashed white line (with green cats' eyes) denoting a lane division following the main route (i.e.
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On the other hand, they have been shown to have calculated cost benefits calculating to as much as $420,000 per mile annually. Much cheaper collision reduction methods are to improve road markings, to reduce speeds and to separate traffic with wide central hatching. Sealing of safety zones along the side of the road (also known as a hard-shoulder) can also reduce the risk of head-on collisions caused by steering over-correction. Where a hard shoulder cannot be provided, a "safety edge" can reduce the chances of steering overcorrection.
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The site is sign-posted, and there is parking on a hard-shoulder. The circle is accessed over a locked gate or over a wooden stile. From the stile the circle is 200 m up a low hill.
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They are also fitted with Airwave radio, hands-free mobile telephone, alternating flashing headlights and a bull horn to assist with progressing through stationary traffic on approach to an incident. They also have a variable message panel (VMP) in the rear window which displays messages such as "do not pass" for rolling road blocks or scrolling keep left and right chevrons for use at incidents. When travelling on the hard shoulder, vehicles use front- and rear- facing amber lighting, and are restricted to 20 mph. When stationary on the hard shoulder, vehicles illuminate rear-facing amber LEDs.
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During construction, the junction was closed for several months. At the same time, the basic extension of the A 11 in the area to approx 500m including the construction of the hard shoulder strips took place. The expansion was required because no acceleration and deceleration strips were available before. The A11 has been refurbished since 1996 on most of its route by a modern road surface and the widening to newly created lanes. As a special feature, the A 11 in the area of the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve has no hard shoulder, although the new development took place after 2000.
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Both LPs were specifically mastered for vinyl and only 2000 copies of each (Volume 1: Essence and Volume 2: The Hard Shoulder) were pressed. The track listing on Volume 1: Essence was identical to the CD, but the track listing in Volume 2: The Hard Shoulder differed greatly from the CD and included hitherto unreleased live versions of "Nothing Fills the Hole" and "Woke Up" to close the LP. On October 6, 2017, after being long out of print on vinyl, both volumes were re-released on 180 gram vinyl by Madfish, this time with the usual 33 and 1/3rpm.
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Studies have shown that many users struggle to understand the complex signs and signals, which gave rise to plans in the mid-to-late 2020s to change the dynamic hard shoulder into a permanent running lane, thereby making these schemes all lane running.
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Between Longford and Rooskey single carriageway continues at a higher standard. Dromod and Rooskey were bypassed in late 2007. This section of road consists of three roundabouts and Type 2 dual carriageway, i.e.: two lanes in each direction and no hard shoulder.
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Rolston, Bill. The Media and Northern Ireland: Covering the Troubles. Springer, 1991. p.171 Stone said he had arranged for a getaway car, driven by a UDA member, to pick him up on the hard shoulder of the motorway,Henry McDonald & Jim Cusack.
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A control room for the M25 J5-7 Smart Motorways scheme, 2014. A smart motorway (formerly managed motorway and active traffic management), also known in Scotland as an intelligent transport system, is a section of motorway that uses active traffic management (ATM) techniques to increase capacity by use of variable speed limits and hard shoulder running at busy times. Benefits include smoother traffic flow, more reliable journey times, fewer road traffic collisions, and reduced noise and harmful vehicle emissions. The term controlled motorway is sometimes used for schemes that use variable speed limits without hard-shoulder running (for example, the M25 motorway from J27 to J30).
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Active Traffic Management with hard shoulder running and variable speed limits were introduced in 2006. Since the 1980s, there have been constant plans to build a new service station on the motorway south of Birmingham Airport and the NEC, but this has yet to be built.
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Traffic on the M3 sees delays and congestion on its busiest sections near commuting hotspots and during holiday periods. From Chertsey to Fleet the road was in 2017 converted to a Smart Motorway, turning the hard shoulder into a permanent fourth lane with emergency refuge lay-bys.
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Motorways in Ireland include several safety features not found on other classes of road. The most notable include the presence of a continuous hard-shoulder, use of crash barriers, superior lighting and provision of emergency phones at regular intervals. Some motorway schemes include deflectors to provide protection at interchanges.
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He has released five albums of his own to date. Bolt is an eclectic collection of songs and instrumentals. Hard Shoulder is the 1998 piece devised for Retina Dance Company for his quartet The Jules Maxwell Project. Candy Floss is an exploration of childhood through soundscape and lullaby.
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The existing bridge was converted to a four lane eastbound carriageway (including a hard shoulder). The new bridge formed the westbound carriageway. The entire stretch was lit with streetlights (the old section was not lit). The old Medway Bridge was physically narrowed by removing part of the footpath.
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5; Issue 62018 Her passenger survived with only minor injuries. The resulting inquest heard that the lorry driver had sneezed, causing his vehicle to crash into her car while it was parked on the hard shoulder. She was replaced by Cindy Shelley for the second series of The Tripods.
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Boulevard Périphérique (), sometimes called Périph', is a controlled-access dual-carriageway ring road in Paris, France. With a few exceptions (see Structure and Layout), it is situated along Paris's administrative limit. The speed limit is 70 km/h (45 mph). Each ring generally has four traffic lanes, with no hard shoulder.
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Russell starred opposite Ian Hart in the film Clockwork Mice directed by Vadim Jean. She also made a comic, cameo appearance playing a colleague of Colin Firth's in Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason directed by Beeban Kidron. Her other films include Solitaire for Two and Soft Top Hard Shoulder.
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Now junctions 5 to 6, this road was upgraded to dual 3 lanes with a hard shoulder in 1977. These roads were upgraded to motorway status in 1977.The Motorway Archive – M58 Dates Construction on Switch Island to junction 4 section began in 1978 with the road opening between April and September 1980.
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A "strange but pleasant bit of South African driving etiquette" involves "pulling over onto the tarred hard shoulder to let the car behind overtake in safety". This is done regardless of whether there is traffic or not. The overtaker is expected to flick their hazard lights as a sign of saying thanks.
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The M51 motorway is a 2x2 road without hard shoulder between the 51 road and the M5 motorway. It was part of M0 motorway until 2013 when it was renamed. Many people still mistakenly call it M0. The bypass of road 51 around Dunaharaszti (a 2x1 road) is also included in M51.
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For more on motorway specification in general, view this motorway article. Motorways in Ireland are generally constructed to high-quality dual carriageway standard – with sightlines, curves and elevation designed for 120 km/h speeds. Until recently, all motorways were built with wide medians in the centre, which typically have a wire or steel barrier. The more recent schemes have narrow medians, only 3 metres in width, with a concrete barrier in the middle. These narrow-median schemes also have reduced carriageway width – a typical narrow-median motorway cross section has two 3.5-metre running lanes, a 2.5-metre hard shoulder and a 1.5-metre central reserve in each direction whereas a typical wide median motorway has 3.75-metre running lanes and a 3-metre hard shoulder.
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The M6 Toll was the first private toll motorway in the United Kingdom.Judge Orders Discovery of Secret BNRR Deal , Alliance Against the Birmingham Northern Relief Road. The project was described by as a "43 km dual three lane (plus hard shoulder), £485.5 million motorway" with six toll stations.Birmingham Northern Relief Road, United Kingdom , urbantransport-technology.com.
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In September 2008, the Cahir to Cashel stretch of the M8 had its gantry signage changed and hard shoulder re-painted. Parts of the M6 also underwent the same process. In February 2012 Leo Varadkar, the Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport, tasked a working group with reviewing speed-limit policy and implementation.2013 Speed Limits Review, p.
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Only motor vehicles are allowed to enter expressways. As of May 1, 2004, "new drivers" (i.e., those with a Chinese driver's licence for less than a year) are allowed on expressways, something that was prohibited from the mid-1990s. Overtaking on the right, speeding, and illegal use of the emergency belt (or hard shoulder) cost violators stiff penalties.
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It consists of between three and six lanes (including the Hard Shoulder Running lane during peak periods) in each direction, also an inbound transit lane reserved for vehicles with two or more occupants during peak hours. It is continually the widest freeway in Melbourne, with 12 lanes altogether near the Hoddle Street and Alexandra Parade end.
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The , highly congested motorway is the main motorway connection between these two cities. It is a dual carriageway with three lanes in each direction. Between the junctions Berkel and Delft-Zuid managed motorway is effective, when certain intensities occur the hard shoulder is opened for traffic heading north.Wegenwiki The maximum speed on the road is 100 km/h.
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Part of the motorway soundproofing wall showing the service door, near L'Haÿ-les-Roses. In the early evening of the following day, Friday , while waiting at bar of the Orly Hilton, Mazzieri received a telephone call instructing him to fill up his petrol tank and prepare for a further excursion. Upon his return to the bar, Mazzieri received a second call telling him to head on to the A6 motorway in the direction of Paris and stop on the hard shoulder at emergency telephone point B16. Soon after the car had come to a stop on the hard shoulder a tow truck pulled in behind Mazzieri, believing him to have broken down.D'après le policier de la brigade criminelle Jean Mazzieri dans le documentaire L'Enlèvement du baron Empain - « Faites entrer l'accusé » (2005).
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Sign-controlled peak shoulder lane on Interstate 405 near Seattle, Washington, U.S. M42, with lowered speed limits and hard-shoulder running, as seen on the matrix Variable Message Sign (VMS) on the left. In the United Kingdom, usage of the hard shoulder is known as "hard shoulder running". A pilot project on an 11-mile stretch of the M42 motorway, near Birmingham, began in September 2006. Active traffic management with special signage, new turnouts (laybys) and a variable speed limit have been put in place to improve safety. This has proved very successful, with journey times decreasing by 26% northbound and 9% southbound. Drivers can also better predict their journey times as the variability decreased by 27%. The average accident rate dropped from 5.2 to 1.5 per month.Extra lane' plan to be extended BBC News It has also proved popular with motorists, 60% of whom want to see it expanded to other English motorways. This 'smart motorway' system has been expanded to the M6,Hard shoulders opens on busy M6 by Birmingham BBC News M1Highways Agency M1 Junction 10-13 Project status Highways Agency and M25,Highways Agency M25 Junction 23-37 Project status Highways Agency as well as parts of the M60 and M62.
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The Knock bypass passes the village to the west heading in a northeast direction bypassing Kilkelly (bypassed 1980s), the route continues towards Charlestown passing Ireland West Airport Knock. This section of road is of good quality and has a hard shoulder to just south of Charlestown. The route passes through Charlestown and over the Sligo border into the village of Bellaghy.
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Completed in 2003, as part of the M2 widening project, the second motorway bridge is the newest of the three that cross the River Medway at this point. The bridge was built south of the original bridge. The formation of the M2 motorway crossing was changed. The original bridge would be changed to three coast-bound lanes, a hard-shoulder and both footpaths were reduced in size.
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This is worn all year round for general duties. It consists of a white shirt with rank insignia on the shoulders, and appropriate headgear. For officers 3A dress includes a long-sleeved shirt and tie, while 3B includes a short-sleeved shirt worn with hard shoulder boards. 3C is the same in all respects as 3A but with the addition of a navy blue woollen jersey.
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The quality of the road gets very poor from Rockchapel with a series of twisty bends before it passes through the narrow main street in Newmarket where short delays can occur. The route then improves dramatically leaving Newmarket with some stretches of hard shoulder. It then goes through Kanturk with the only roundabout junction on the route before terminating at the N72. The road is long.
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The construction section has ramps with a length of 2621 m, of which 1713 m account for the tunnels themselves. The tunnel has two tunnel tubes, each 14.50 m wide. Each tunnel tube includes a 12.50 m wide carriageway with three lanes (each 3.50 m), a hard shoulder (1.50 m) and two per meter wide elevated shoulder. The light building height is 4.90 m.
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That night he stayed at a hotel in Birmingham, and then opened Allied Carpets stores at Brierley Hill on the late morning of 3 October. Crowther was returning home when the crash occurred. The car ended up on its roof on the hard shoulder of the motorway, and was a write-off. At first Crowther did not appear to be seriously injured, apart from being shaken up.
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The M275 is one of few motorways in England which is not the responsibility of Highways England. It is managed by Portsmouth City Council from the point where the slip roads to the M27 end. The M275 was not built with a full hard shoulder. For its entire length, a narrow verge is maintained, although there is space available for a full width shoulder.
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It has no intermediate junctions. It is built to typical British motorway standards, being two lanes in each direction, plus a hard shoulder for its entire length. On 16th January 2019 as part of the Lincolnshire Lakes development, North Lincolnshire Council gave the green light for construction of a new roundabout junction along the M181 with the B1450 Burringham Road which would form the terminus of the motorway.Scunthorpe Telegraph, .
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One of his childhood dreams was to become a film writer and film music composer. Rea wrote the title track and music score for the 1993 drama film Soft Top Hard Shoulder. He wrote and produced the 1996 film La Passione and had a cameo role in it. Rea was the lead actor in the 1999 comedy film Parting Shots, alongside Felicity Kendal, John Cleese, Bob Hoskins and Joanna Lumley.
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On older roads, the shoulder may disappear for short periods, near exits or when going across or under bridges or tunnels where the cost savings were thought to outweigh the safety benefits of the shoulder. Some roads have a narrow shoulder for significant distances. This makes it difficult for large vehicles to pull into the hard shoulder altogether. The Jingjintang Expressway in northeastern China is an example of this phenomenon.
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On the officers' dinner dress white jacket, hard shoulder boards are worn. A gold cummerbund is worn by officers and chief petty officers, and a black one by petty officers first class and below. Shirt studs and cuff links are gold for officers and chiefs and silver for petty officers first class and below. A hat or cap is not required with dinner dress jacket uniforms, but may be worn.
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As of 2004, there were 102 VMS signs in the Netherlands. The number of passing motorised vehicles is counted every minute of the day at some 20,000 measuring stations on the Dutch motorway network. Evening rush hour (A12 at Gouda) Another more common feature of Dutch motorways are peak, rushhour or plus lanes. These constructions allow motorists to use the hard shoulder in case of congestion, to improve the traffic flow.
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A 14-lane highway is projected near Utrecht. Some hard shoulders are in use as peak hour lanes – traffic is allowed to use the hard shoulder as a third or fourth lane during periods of congestion, when traffic management signs indicate. Since these expansions traffic jams (which used to be quite intense) have been reduced by up to 25%. Traffic on the highway still is quite heavy, though.
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During peak hours, drivers may also drive on the hard shoulder on the normally six-lane section between Kreuz München-Nord and Kreuz München-Süd. The highway should also be expanded eight-lane between cross Munich-north and junction Haar. The section is divided into three planning sections. For the first section between AK München-Nord and AS Aschheim / Ismaning, the plan approval decision was issued on 14 January 2013.
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The route from Dungannon to Ballygawley (approximately ) was upgraded to a dual carriageway standard, with the new road opened in November 2010. The scheme includes a central reservation safety barrier, a hard shoulder and six grade separated junctions. The estimated cost of the scheme as reported in 2006 was £102 million.Northern Ireland Roads Site – A4 Dualling A section of the route between Ballygawley and Augher has been realigned.
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Sign used denote the start of an Autoroute left The primary high-speed motorways in Croatia are called autoceste (singular: autocesta; ), and they are defined as roads with at least three lanes in each direction (including hard shoulder) and a speed limit of not less than . The typical speed limit is . As of 2017, there are of motorways in Croatia. There is also a category known as brza cesta, meaning "expressway".
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Opened on 29 May 1963, by Ernest Marples, Minister of Transport, the Medway bridge formed a key piece of the M2 motorway. It originally had a six-lane (two London-bound, two coast-bound, two hard shoulder) formation. In addition, a footpath either side that doubled as a small service road for maintenance and pedestrians. These footpaths are part of the North Downs Way, offering panoramic views of the Medway Valley and beyond.
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Standard motorways: 52,000 vehicles AADT - annual average daily traffic. The road type is all-purpose dual carriageway (D2AP), but with the same specifications as motorway: a carriageway width of 7 metres (23 ft) and a hard shoulder of 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) width. HQDCs are limited access (grade-separated junctions only) and not intended to have junctions with minor roads. Junctions with major roads are grade-separated and to motorway standards.
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Between the on-and-off sliproads of the junctions, it has 3 lanes in each direction with hard shoulder. At the southern end, at the A560 junction, the A5103 seamlessly becomes the mainline of the M56 heading towards Manchester Airport, Chester and the M6 motorway. Northbound traffic on the M56 must leave the mainline of the motorway at a sliproad to remain on the M56. Remaining on the mainline leads directly to the A5103.
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At the time of planning, about 7,100 vehicles per day were expected to actually use it. Today, the design capacity is regularly exceeded by a factor of 3, which in turn led to extensive damage to the reinforced concrete structure. In addition, the bridge between the Mombach and Gonsenheim interchanges has no hard shoulder. With about 80,000 vehicles using the bridge per day, a traffic accident or car breakdown inevitably leads to immediate traffic jams.
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SCDT and OCDT are equivalent rank titles. The rank of Officer Cadet is given to those who are studying at the Australian Defence Force Academy. Their rank is then changed to Staff Cadet upon entry to the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC-D) where they become a part of the Corps of Staff Cadets. Officer cadets wear a 10mm wide white stripe, on a DPCU slide or hard shoulder board, as their rank insignia.
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When controlled-access highways undergo reconstruction, both sides are often reduced to one lane. In some cases, traffic may be shifted onto one half, making it a temporary two-lane freeway corridor. An example of this is Interstate 10 in Arizona, in which eastbound traffic is reduced to one lane and shifted onto the westbound half of the road. Another technique is to treat the rightmost hard shoulder as a travel lane.
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The Way of El Cid The road cycling routes on the Way of El Cid (touring, trekking, hybrid and road bikes) cover a length of 2041 km. There are 10 routes of between 66 and 362 km long. The roads are mainly quiet minor roads with little or hardly any traffic. However, there are also some sections along regional and national roads and connections to dual carriageways: in general, but not always, these roads have a generous hard shoulder.
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She wakes to find herself sitting on the hard shoulder and stumbles into the nearby Little Chef but cannot make herself noticed, then she walks the four miles home. #"Wedding Favours": Pam's son Simon has now left home. Soon Pam finds herself in business with her friend Maggie producing wedding favours. #"Pleasureland": Charlene and Trudi (from the first story in the collection) soon find themselves boarded up in Trudi's flat, the whole building being declared a plague area.
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The viaduct is newer than the at-grade section, having been completed in 2006. Despite what its name may suggest, the speed limit on the highway is less than that of an expressway. The highway also has a few traffic light junctions, something that expressways do not have. The at-grade section of the highway is a three-lane dual carriageway, and the viaduct is a two-lane dual carriageway with a 1-metre hard shoulder.
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The north exit of the Lower Engelberg Tunnel in June 2006 Each tube of the old tunnel was only wide enough to accommodate two lanes of traffic and lacked a hard shoulder. As traffic volumes rose, the tunnel became a bottleneck, especially for heavy goods vehicles. Traffic jams were not so much caused by the restriction to two lanes as the steep approach to the tunnel. Vehicles approaching from the north had to climb a six percent grade.
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The gantries over the M42 motorway in the United Kingdom show the variable speed limit in operation. Active traffic management (also managed lanes, smart lanes, managed/smart motorways) is a method of increasing peak capacity and smoothing traffic flows on busy major highways. Techniques include variable speed limits, hard-shoulder running and ramp-metering controlled by overhead variable message signs. It has been implemented in several countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.
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Gemma Ray's debut album, The Leader, was co-produced by Michael J Sheehy of the band Dream City Film Club. Released on 2 June 2008, it featured the single "Hard Shoulder" / "Name Your Lord". Unable to tour the album as a result of being struck down by illness, Ray wrote and recorded the album Lights Out Zoltar! In 2018, The Leader was reissued on vinyl as an exclusive Record Store Day release to mark its 10th anniversary.
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The tunnel is 1.37 km (0.85 miles) long. It comprises two parallel bores, each of which contains a two- lane roadway: each lane is 3.75 metres wide and the bores also include a hard shoulder. The tunnel can be used by vehicles up to 5.10 metres tall and, where exceptional loads need to be transported through it, up to 7.50 metres wide. Escape doors on the right side of each bore give access to emergency exit corridors.
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The very problem lies within the expressway itself—massive traffic. The expressway was designed for a traffic audience of 50,000 vehicles a day—and apparently, not a vehicle more, as the current average of 59,000 vehicles a day is stretching the expressway to its limits. Meanwhile, during periods of high use, 130,000 vehicles are reported to be using the expressway -- per day. Compounding the problem is a very narrow (2.4 m in width) hard shoulder, and the lack of emergency bays.
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Motorways, similar to freeways, these high-speed roads are designated with an M prefix or (M) suffix. e.g. M1, A1(M). The speed limit is generally and there is a hard shoulder, an often slightly narrower lane next to lane 1, which is usually only to be used in cases of an emergency. Emergency telephones are located every mile along the route so motorists with broken-down vehicles can contact the authorities, although this is increasingly being done using mobile phones.
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Near the interchange the A3 is a 2x3 lane motorway, but between the interchange on- and off-ramps is a 2x2 motorway. On the Essen side, the A40 is 2x2, but on the Duisburg side it has been expanded to 2x3. In addition, since 2014 the A40 has been further expanded between the Kaiserberg and Duisburg interchanges, only in the direction of Essen, to 4 lanes without hard shoulder. All the ramps are single-lane, except those that lead in multiple directions.
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This section is entirely dual carriageway trunk road, and is an important link between the M60 Manchester Outer Ring road and the M56 motorway. This section is called Princess Parkway and largely has a speed limit. Between the M56 and M60, the road has two intermediate junctions; with the B5166 towards Northenden and Sale Moor, and with the A560 leading to Gatley, Wythenshawe and Baguley. Between junctions, the A5103 here has four lanes in each direction with no hard shoulder.
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Both follow the medieval trade route Via Publica that was first mentioned in a document from 839. From 2006 to 2008, the section between the junctions Aschaffenburg and Aschaffenburg-Ost was expanded to six lanes. A fatal accident occurred on October 23, 2006, when a World War II aerial bomb exploded while milling a cement-lime mixture in the new hard shoulder. A construction worker was killed, the milling machine was completely destroyed and several vehicles and buildings were damaged.
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Serbian motorway network: Motorways in Serbia are called autoput (), a name which simply means auto road. Roads that are motorways are categorized as state roads, class Ia and are marked with one-digit numbers. Motorways in Serbia have three lanes in each direction (including hard shoulder), signs are white-on-green, and the normal speed limit is 130 km/h (since June 2018). They are maintained and operated by the national road operator company JP "Putevi Srbije" ("Roads of Serbia").
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There are other immediate indicators when crossing the border: differences in the design of road signage and a change in road markings. The hard shoulder on non- motorway roads in Ireland is marked with a yellow, usually broken, line. The same marking in Northern Ireland is white and usually continuous. In Northern Ireland, roads use A (major) and B (minor) route prefixes, whereas Ireland's route prefixes are M (motorway) N (major, standing for national) and R (minor, standing for regional).
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The speed limit for the entire route is 80 km/h (50 mph), and in many places there is no hard shoulder. The A 270 ends just before the A 27/E 234, a short distance after crossing into Lower Saxony. The connection with the A 27 is made at an at- grade intersection. As is expected for urban freeways, some of the junctions are only accessible from one direction; one junction (3b, Lobbendorf) does not permit autobahn traffic to exit at all.
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This helps any driver that runs off the edge of the roadway to maintain control while trying to steer back onto the pavement. A vertical edge dropoff often results in overcorrection, leading to a head-on collision, rollover, or a run-off-road collision on the far side of the road. Pavement edge dropoffs are problematic on roads where the hard shoulder is narrow or nonexistent. The safety edge adds about 1% to the pavement costs while building or resurfacing a road.
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The M4 is mostly a 3-lane motorway, but between Junctions 2 and 3, it narrows down to 2 lanes and the hard shoulder disappears. As a result, the point where the 3 lanes narrowed to two lanes proved a significant bottleneck. The original intention was to replace the bottleneck with a lane drop at Junction 3, meaning that the road stretch between Junctions 2 and 3 would be narrowed to two lanes. The redundant tarmac was then converted into the busway.
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Standing on the north direction hard shoulder of the motorway, the police were being appraised of the situation when, without warning, Ursula broke free and ran into the side of an oncoming Mercedes-Benz Actros 2546 articulated lorry travelling at around 56 mph (90 km/h). Sabina then quickly followed her into the road and was hit head-on by a Volkswagen Polo travelling at high speed. Both survived. Ursula was immobilised as the lorry had crushed her legs, and Sabina spent fifteen minutes unconscious.
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Mexican pilgrims were being transported from Guadalajara to Mexico City after they had attended a religious festival in the Northern city. Their 22-year-old bus had already been travelling for ten hours when police say it apparently developed a fault, probably with its brakes. The bus was descending a highway on a steep hill at over 70 miles per hour. The driver attempted to manoeuvre into an emergency hard shoulder but lost control, sending the bus rolling down a ravine which bordered the road.
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As part of the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and HOV scheme, WSDOT plans to implement junction control through hard shoulder running. Based on traffic conditions, ATM will open the shoulder as an auxiliary lane on the SR 520 westbound carriageway across Portage Bay Bridge, which will turn the motorway section from a 3 + 2 to a 3 + 3 dual carriageway. The additional capacity will allow traffic from the Montlake Boulevard junction more room to merge. The shoulder running can also be activated for incident management.
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The three towers were specially designed to withstand extreme wind and typhoon conditions, and have heights of , , and , located on the Ting Kau headland, on a reclaimed island in Rambler Channel (which is wide), and on the north-west Tsing Yi shoreline, respectively. The arrangement of separate decks on both sides of the 3 towers contributes to the slender appearance of the bridge while helping it act favourably under heavy wind and typhoon loads. Each deck carries 3 traffic lanes and a hard shoulder.
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The westernmost part of the road, between the Maasvlakte and exit 8 is officially not an Autosnelweg (motorway), and is therefore known as the N15. However, it has most characteristics of a motorway, such as a central barrier and a hard shoulder until it crosses the Coloradoweg on the Maasvlakte. As of exit 8, the road becomes an official motorway, called A15. Together with the Betuweroute, which runs parallel on several stretches, the A15 is a main transport corridor from the Port of Rotterdam to the east.
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On 21 January 1959, just 46 days after opening, the motorway had to close temporarily to undergo emergency resurfacing work, as water had drained into the hard shoulder and seeped into the base layer. This subsequently suffered as a result of frost weathering, resulting in crumbling road parts affecting approximately 1% of the surface. The cost of repairs was around £5,000 (), as quoted by then- Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation Harold Watkinson; additional drainage systems were also installed alongside the carriageway at a cost of £90,000 ().
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All of the bridges needed removing so a hard shoulder could be provided, despite most of them having a design lifespan of 120 years. The bid to undertake the work was awarded to Balfour Beatty in February 1993, at a cost of £37,458,986 (). The upgrade meant that the bypass was entirely reconstructed and is now effectively a different motorway to the original bypass. The four-lane motorway had been initially proposed back in 1924, when the idea was quickly dismissed after pressure mounted from railway lobbyists.
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There are plans for upgrading the road from Botevgrad to Vidin to an expressway (dual carriageway road without hard shoulder), with a tender for the construction of several sections announced at the end of 2012. Traffic analysis on this route have indicated that (as of 2013) it did not require a motorway status, therefore Bulgaria's priorities remain finishing the already started motorway projects, such as the Trakia, Hemus, Maritsa, and the Struma motorways, as well as the new planned Kalotina motorway, between Sofia and the Serbian border.
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The N17 begins at the Kilmore Roundabout in Tuam and bypasses the town of Tuam since 27 September 2017. After passing Tuam the route swings northwest towards Miltown, where a new realigned section of road is encountered (built late 1990s) avoiding a notorious stretch of road which saw many fatalities at one particular bend at a graveyard. This section of road was improved again in 2012, when a bad bend at Lisavalley was removed. This has left the road between Milltown and Tuam with a complete hard shoulder.
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The Roads Act, 2007 enacted in July 2007 made a provision for the redesignation of dual carriageways to motorway. This meant the hard shoulder of the high quality dual carriageways chosen to be redesignated, had to be changed from a broken yellow line to a continuous yellow line. Green signage also had to be changed to blue. In some instances the cost of this retrofit ran to millions of euro as it involved the replacement of existing gantry and large panel signage as well as the application of hundreds of kilometres of thermoplastic road paint.
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To improve traffic flow, a common feature of Dutch motorways is peak, rush hour or plus lanes, that allow motorists to use the hard shoulder in case of congestion. Less common but increasingly so, multiple carriageways are applied to separate local and regional traffic from through traffic. By splitting traffic in the same direction into parallel carriageways, the number of weaving motions across lanes is reduced, and the traffic capacity per lane of the road is optimised. Autosnelwegen are consistently numbered and signposted with an A and up to three digits, like A12.
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The Survive Group was created by firms in the UK vehicle breakdown recovery industry in 1998 after the events following up to the deaths of six roadside operators working with car breakdowns. The industry was joined soon thereafter by the Highways Agency and the Association of Chief Police Officers in what become known as The Survive Group. The member organisations believe that it is necessary to create public awareness about safety in breakdown conditions on the hard shoulder for both drivers and workers, and that creating a public awareness organisation would best serve this purpose.
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Once a fleeing driver is contained on a motorway, a rolling block is initiated ahead of the pursuit. When the pursuit reaches the slowed traffic, the suspect can either attempt to pass the traffic or stay behind it. If the suspect chooses to stay behind the traffic, communication between the pursuing vehicles and the blocking vehicle(s) will lead to the block coming to a standstill, and the vehicle is surrounded and occupants detained. If the fleeing driver chooses to pass the traffic, usually on the hard shoulder, the pursuing vehicles follow it.
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Mazierri got out of the car to tell the driver of the tow truck to move along and it was at this moment that two of the kidnappers, who had been hiding nearby, made off in Mazzieri's car. The kidnappers stopped the car a few hundred metres further down the hard shoulder next to a service door in the 20m high soundproofing wall which lines the motorway. This door had already been opened by the kidnappers to aid their escape and they boobytrapped it with a grenade to prevent pursuit by the police.
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The A42 was built by the UK Government in 1989 to link the northern section of the M42 to the M1. Although it is not designated as motorway, and has no hard shoulder, the road is fully grade separated and runs with two lanes each way, the same as the M42 to the south. The original planned line of the M42 saw it joining the M1 further to the north, crossing what is now the A50 Derby Southern Bypass and meeting the M1 north of Bardills Island (A52/M1 interchange).\- Appleby Magna - Nottingham (maps).
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It was the first large box girder bridge to be built to the Merrison Rules, which were introduced in 1973 after the collapse during construction of three box girder bridges during the 1970s. The bridge was strengthened during the 2000s to cope with modern traffic loadings. The bridge spans the river, the Dundee-Perth railway line, a number of warehouses and the A85 high above the surrounding plain. It is a two-lane dual carriageway; unusually for a motorway (although not unusually for the M90) neither carriageway has a hard shoulder.
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Air Force Personnel Center. "PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PHASEOUT DATES FOR UNIFORM ITEMS " Mandatory for field grade officers and above, the blue version was identical to the blue service uniform with the exception of silver metallic sleeve braid replacing the dark blue mohair sleeve braid and hard "shoulder board" insignia from the officer's mess dress uniform worn in lieu of large metal rank insignia. The white uniform was identical in cut and style to the blue version and also incorporated the metallic sleeve braid and shoulder board rank insignia.
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In the further course there are again six lanes, between the triangle Hamburg- southwest (A 261) and the Horster triangle (A 1) only four. Between Hamburg and Hildesheim, the motorway has six lanes, with the exception of the four- lane section between the Soltau-Ost junction and the Walsrode junction (A 27). In this four-lane section can be released with a traffic control system as needed both hard shoulder as each third lane. In this area, the highway was in early 2009 despite the heavy traffic largely from only four lanes.
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It was the highest numbered A-road(M) motorway and one of only two four-digit, Axxxx(M) motorways, the other being the A6127(M) (now A167(M)). The motorway was not a trunk road and not the responsibility of the Highways Agency. The road had no hard shoulder but two emergency lay-bys with SOS phones and lights were provided midway along its length. It was possible to go from the A6144 to the A56 without going on the mainline of the M60 or any other motorway.
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Because of its high economic importance, its nickname is "Trans-Niederrhein- Magistrale". Most of it is two lanes each way only and prone to traffic jams in the rush hour. Currently the sections junction 15 - 18, 19 - 24 and 29 - 30 have three lanes each way. The section from junction 28 to 29 southbound has the possibility to open the hard shoulder as a third lane in heavy traffic. Traffic jams are possible between junctions 10 and 15, 17 and 20 as well as around junctions 27/28.
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As a result, they had no time to avoid the van, crashed and spun out of control into the other lanes. Others took evasive action by driving onto the hard shoulder and up the sides of the cutting. These were followed by articulated lorries, one of which jack-knifed sideways across all three lanes of the motorway. One driver—Mr Alan Bateman—managed to free himself from his car and ran back down the central reservation to warn others, but was ignored and was even hooted by some drivers as they continued towards the crash.
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The overall complexity of the back stay tie back structure, however, may be aesthetically distracting. The inclined concrete pylon and the backstays are anchored into bore piled foundation off the roadway in precinct 8. The bridge carries a dual three lane carriageways of 18.6 m width each, comprising 3 x 3.5 m width lanes, 0.5 m hard shoulder, 0.5 m marginal strip. The median is 4 m wide and walkway cum cycle track width is 5.1 m giving a total width of at the centre of the bridge.
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After crossing the Rhine on the Weisenauer bridge you are in Hesse. Immediately after that, the Mainspitz-Dreieck connects the A 671 to Wiesbaden and Mainz-Kastel, which forms the eastern part of the Mainzer Ring. At Bischofsheim and south past Rüsselsheim am Main, the A 60 at the Rüsselsheim Triangle joins the A 67 (Frankfurt-Darmstadt-Mannheim). The section east of the Mainspitz triangle is currently only four-lane with hard shoulder expanded, but should also be expanded six-lane (Priority needs - bottleneck removal of the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan).
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The colour of road studs differs according to their location. Those defining the division between lanes are white, red road studs are placed along the hard shoulder of motorways, dual carriageways and other roads to mark the left-hand edge of a running lane; and orange road studs are placed along the edge of the central reservation. Green road studs denote slip roads at grade-separated junctions and also road-side lay-bys. Comprehensive information about highway markings in the UK can be found in the Highway Code and on the gov.
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Phase 2 encompasses the contraflow between Junctions 8 & 9 on the M20 and now applies to HGVs for both the Port of Dover and Channel Tunnel. Both directions of motorway traffic are directed onto the westbound carriageway contraflow at a speed limit of 50 mph. The eastbound carriageway will then be closed and used for HGV queuing in two lanes (the hard shoulder and 3rd lane) with the other two lanes are reserved for emergency vehicles, maintenance vehicles and amenities. This would be marked out with cones and subjected to a 30 mph speed limit.
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He became known for his dark sense of humour; on one occasion he allowed a young woman to ride a rubber dinghy into the middle of the lake at Ickworth and then shot at it with an air rifle, sinking it. On another, he was accused of opening a fridge door to retrieve a bottle of champagne by blasting it with a shotgun. He once drove along the hard shoulder of the M11 motorway at to avoid traffic congestion. Though the Earl had come out as homosexual, on 14 September 1984 he married Francesca Fisher, then 20, the day before his 30th birthday.
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The Leeds duo Mick Jones and Allan 'Sniffer' Clarke combined to produce a goal in the fifty-third minute. Jones sent across a hard, shoulder-high centre and Clarke headed powerfully past Arsenal keeper Geoff Barnett's left hand from fifteen yards. A match that often fell below the highest level began badly with a foul by Clarke on Alan Ball in the first five seconds and the first of four bookings — Bob McNab bringing down Peter Lorimer as early as the second minute. Neither side played consistently up to their capabilities, yet both had their moments.
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A2 at Leyton Cross, United Kingdom. Full width hard shoulders are usually provided only on motorways and are usually wide, but there are exceptions. Some motorways do not have hard shoulders at all (for example the A57(M) and many smart motorways where the hard shoulder has been converted into a running lane) and there are a small number of dual carriageway A-roads which do possess hard shoulders (for example, parts of the A1, A2 and A27). Hard shoulders are always marked with a reflectorized solid white line which is wide and is provided with a rumble strip.
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Autobahn 9 near Munich with 8 lanes , Germany's autobahn network has a total length of about 13,183 km. From 2009 Germany has embarked on a massive widening and rehabilitation project, expanding the lane count of many of its major arterial routes, such as the A 5 in the southwest and A 8 going east-west. Most sections of Germany's autobahns have two or three, sometimes four lanes in each direction in addition to an emergency lane (hard shoulder). A few sections have only two lanes in each direction without emergency lanes, and short slip-roads and ramps.
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In 2016, she made a guest performance at Vodafone Park in Istanbul after her husband's team, Besiktas J.K. had won the national championship. The following June, she presented her first releases since 2013, two duets: "Bankina" (Hard Shoulder) featuring Aca Lukas and "Ostavljam te" (I'm Leaving You) featuring Azis, which she performed on the live finale of Zvezde Granda. In late January 2019, Karleuša performed "LaJK" (Like) featuring Serbian rapper Gazda Paja at the 2019 Music Awards Ceremony. The performance included an intro through which Karleuša reflected on the media backlash regarding her personal life from the past month.
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Three lanes reduce to two lanes in each direction at Russell Road/Gibbs Road, which remains until the terminus at Pinjarra Road. The median strip of the freeway north of The Spectacles also houses the Mandurah railway line. A shared pedestrian and bicycle path is built alongside most of the freeway except for the area around Cranford Avenue. The northbound section of Kwinana Freeway north of Roe Highway, since 2020, is a Smart freeway system, with ramp signalling north of Roe Highway, variable speed limits north of Cranford Avenue, and hard shoulder running north of Canning Highway.
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The section of road subject to ATM is monitored by MIDAS sensor loops placed in the road every (which is closer than normal) to observe traffic flows. A computerised system monitors the traffic flows and can set the best speed limit for the current flow of traffic and switch on speed limit signs mounted on gantries up to before an incident. Operators can also monitor 150 CCTV cameras along the route and can control both the speed limits and information signs. Overhead variable message signs can direct drivers to use the hard shoulder during busy periods.
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The road crosses the county border into County Fermanagh, and skirts past the villages of Brookeborough, Maguiresbridge (meeting the A34), Lisbellaw and Tamlaght on its approach to Enniskillen. These villages were by-passed in the 1960s, and since then the Ballygawley-Enniskillen stretch of the A4 has seen the construction of numerous climbing lanes and overtaking lanes in both directions. In wider sections of the road, the hard shoulder has been converted for use as a "slow lane" for a short distance for westbound traffic in two places; between Dungannon and Ballygawley at the Cappagh crossroads, and between Fivemiletown and Brookeborough.
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A van driver claimed something flew up in front of him, believed to be jackdaws, startling him and causing him to skid into the central reservation, but it was later reported that he fell asleep at the wheel. A car travelling behind the van changed lanes to avoid contact but other vehicles behind, which were travelling at speeds averaging 70 miles per hour, failed to avoid the crashed van and skidded into the other lanes of the carriageway. Others took evasive action by driving onto the hard shoulder and up the sides of the cutting. An articulated lorry then jack-knifed across all three lanes of the eastbound carriageway.
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On Thursday 18 November 1993, just after midnight, a minibus was involved in a fatal collision with a maintenance vehicle on the M40 motorway near Warwick, England. The minibus was transporting 14 children home to Worcestershire from a school trip to The Royal Albert Hall in London when it veered into the rear of the motorway maintenance lorry which was stationary on the hard shoulder. Twelve of the 14 children and the driver of the minibus, their teacher, were killed in the crash, one of the worst on the British road network. The two survivors sustained minor injuries as well as the occupants of the motorway maintenance lorry.
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However, when the vehicle is working in the carriageway all the rear-facing lights (amber and red) are displayed to warn approaching traffic. Traffic officers, unlike police, must comply with all speed limits, including temporary mandatory limits in roadworks. While stationary on the hard shoulder and if a traffic officer feels it is necessary - because of the weather, location or road layout - they may use the rear red lights, in addition to the amber lights. This will be noted in the traffic officer's pocket notebook as a dynamic risk assessment and also relayed to a regional control centre (RCC) for entry on to the log.
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The traffic management technique, including hard shoulder running, was first used in its full specification in the UK on the M42 motorway in the West Midlands in 2006. A higher speed limit of was trialled on the southbound carriageway between junctions 4 and 3A from 2008 (a increase on the previous maximum permissible speed). In 2007 plans were announced by the then secretary of state for transport, Ruth Kelly, to extend the scheme to two sections of the M6 motorway near Birmingham (4-5 and 8a-10) by 2011 at a cost of £150 million. The emergency refuges were to be extended to every on the roll out.
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At this point a navy-blue coloured Volkswagen Passat - that had been waiting stationary on the hard shoulder of the road - drove across the road and blocked the entrance. Four members of the gang were hiding behind a wall surrounding the car park, all wearing balaclavas, while a fifth was driving the car. Two gang members approached the detectives' car from the rear, and as Donohoe opened his door and stepped out to investigate why the car had blocked the entrance, he was instantly shot at close range in the back of the head with a long barrelled shotgun by a masked raider. A single shot was fired.
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M4 motorway in Ireland, with an unbroken yellow line (that peels away and follows the sliproad) demarcating the hard shoulder. Full-width hard shoulders are provided on most new, upgraded (from the 1980s onwards), and major national roads in the Republic of Ireland, especially on wide two-lane and dual-carriageway roads (the shoulders on most 2+1 roads are narrow however). They are defined within the official document the Rules of the Road as a part of the road that should normally only be used by cyclists and pedestrians. Their provision of on interurban routes in the 1970s reportedly resulted in a 50% decrease in accidents involving pedal cyclists.
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A bus lane, constructed in 2008 on the southbound carriageway of the A4032, Newfoundland Way, links the end of the M32 at junction 3 with Cabot Circus. It starts just south of junction 3 and runs for , adjacent to the central reservation, and becomes a general running lane for its final to a signal controlled junction. The hard shoulder and the remaining width of carriageway were rebuilt as two narrowed running lanes for general traffic, and the speed limit was reduced to . In 2009, the council announced that a park and ride facility would be developed next to the M32 to help alleviate congestion in the city centre.
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It is built to full British motorway standards (3/4 lanes and a hard shoulder). The Tolo Highway continues as another dual 3-lane expressway, Fanling Highway, which was completed in three stages between 1985 and 1987, running due north and north-west, connecting Tai Po North and Pak Shek Au, near San Tin. At San Tin Interchange near Lok Ma Chau, Route 9 turns south towards Au Tau, near Yuen Long onto an expressway known as the San Tin Highway. After interchanging with Route 3, Route 9 runs along the Yuen Long Highway to Lam Tei Interchange, followed by Tuen Mun Road, all the way to Tsuen Wan.
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The Highways Agency tabled proposals to upgrade the M11, between junction 6 and 8, from three lanes plus hard shoulder to four each way with an estimated cost of £698 million given in 2007. There are plans to add a new junction (7a) at Harlow opening in 2022. A number of public consultations were made throughout 2007 and although efforts were made to limit environmental damage the scheme would cause disruption and loss of habitat to three designated ecological areas and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) at Gernon Bushes.Maps of the proposal and previously discounted options were published by the Highways Agency.
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The term lay-by is used in the United Kingdom and Ireland to describe a roadside parking or rest area for drivers. Equivalent terms in the United States are "turnout" or "pullout". Lay-bys can vary in size from a simple parking bay alongside the carriageway sufficient for one or two cars only, to substantial areas that are separated from the carriageway by verges and can accommodate dozens of vehicles. Dorchester, UK Lay-bys can be found on the side of most rural UK roads except motorways that are not on sections of smart motorways (but for emergencies only) where the hard shoulder is missing.
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On motorways an extra left lane termed the 'hard shoulder' is usually present for use only when a vehicle has broken down. It is illegal to drive in this lane unless indicated otherwise, for example on one of the increasing number of Smart Motorways. The action of undertaking, where the driver moves to the left of a slower moving vehicle to get past it is, although not illegal, discouraged on motorways under Highway Code 268. This rule allows for undertaking to occur in conditions that cause the left-hand lane to move faster than the right-hand lane and for traffic to keep up with the flow of the lane.
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It was also announced in 2014 that new technology would be implemented to bring the road to motorway standards, including detection loops, CCTV cameras and variable message signs to provide better information for drivers and active traffic management across Tyne and Wear, while Junction 6 (Welwyn North) to Junction 8 (Hitchin) would be upgraded to smart motorway, including widening of a two-lane section to dual three lanes and hard shoulder running. A strategic study will examine how to improve the safety and performance of the A1 between Peterborough and the M25, including whether to upgrade the old dual carriageway section to motorway standard.
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In the Hechtsheim area, there are no more highway bridges, the highway runs under the road and the local tram. A full expansion to six lanes with hard shoulder also between Ingelheim-West and Cross Mainz-South is included in the urgent need - bottleneck elimination of the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030. For the section between Dreieck Mainz and Kreuz Mainz-Süd, including reconstruction of the Mainz-Süd cross, the design planning was carried out at the end of 2016. A six-lane expansion between Dreieck Nahetal and Ingelheim-West is also included in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan, but only in the category Additional Demand with Planning Law.
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Work began in May 2018 on this scheme managed by Highways England and in September 2018 they revealed in a Freedom of Information request that "£30m has been allocated to cover the design, build and initial operation of the scheme for up to six months."Guardian: "Brexit lorry scheme would leave Kent in chaos for weeks". The works included strengthening the carriageways of the M26 and altering the carriageway of the M20 between Junctions 8 & 9\. On the westbound carriageway of the M20, the hard shoulder was converted to a running lane, giving that carriageway a total of four lanes, all remarked with white lines.
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The bypass under construction, 5 December 1958 The road was originally built with two lanes in each direction, but with an unusually wide central reservation to accommodate a third lane to be added each way at a later date. The work was a compromise between the Ministry of Transport and Drake, the latter thinking that two lanes would not be adequate. Initially, the shoulders were hardened with gravel but not paved, a fact still reflected in the British term hard shoulder. A hedge was planted along the length of the central reservation to help reduce dazzle from the headlights of oncoming traffic at night.
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It was reported that the driver of the minibus, teacher Eleanor Fry, had fallen asleep at the wheel moments before it crashed into the lorry on the hard shoulder. An inquest into the crash in June 1994 recorded a verdict of accidental death on each of the victims. The inquest's most significant findings were that the minibus was not fitted with seatbelts, as legislation did not require minibuses or coaches to be at the time. The law was changed in 1997 to make seat-belts standard equipment on all minibuses and coaches as well as outlawing the "crew bus" – a minibus in which two opposing benches face towards each other – and promoting the forward facing coach.
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The Campaign for Better Transport argued that whilst it would reduce the need for widening schemes, it did nothing to reduce traffic and CO2 emissions. Friends of the Earth criticised the scheme as "widening on the cheap" and also pointed to a possible increase in vehicle emissions. Highways England argue that ATM reduces the environmental impact in regards to widening as it is carried out within the existing boundaries of the motorway as well as a possible improvement in local air quality due to smoother traffic flow. The RAC cited a study in the Netherlands that showed drivers using the hard shoulder when they were not permitted, increasing the risk of a collision for vehicles stopped.
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The shoulder of Saskatchewan Highway 11 in this picture (shown to the right of the solid white line) is wide enough to accommodate a stopped car without impeding the flow of traffic in the travel lanes A shoulder, or hard shoulder, is an emergency stopping lane by the verge of a road or motorway, on the right side in countries which drive on the right, and on the left side in countries which drive on the left. Many wider U.S. freeways have shoulders on both sides of each directional carriageway—in the median, as well as at the outer edges of the road, for additional safety. Shoulders are not intended for use by through traffic, although there are exceptions.
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A2 at Leyton Cross At Shooter's Hill, Watling Street and the A2 part company, as Watling Street continues along the A207. At this point the A2 joins a dual carriageway, the Rochester Way Relief Road (the carriageways to the north of this junction being the A102 Blackwall Tunnel Approach) with a speed limit of 50 mph (80 km/h). The A2 meets traffic lights at Kidbrooke; this is the last set of lights out of Greater London (the lights only apply to traffic turning right onto the A2213). Shortly after here, the A2 crosses the A205 South Circular Road and becomes a motorway in all but name, with 3 lanes and a hard shoulder in each direction.
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The section of Berkshire Way (and the construction of the flyover) came some years later, allowing traffic to flow from Reading and the M4 past the official end of the motorway onto the Southern and Western industrial areas of Bracknell. The large free-flow interchange between the A329(M) and the M4 was constructed as part of plans for an M31 motorway which was originally planned to extend down to the M3 (and possibly beyond) in the south. In the early nineties the section of the A329(M) that met the A4 east of Reading was downgraded to an A road to enable the hard shoulder to be used by a park-and-ride bus service.
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Gatwick Airport is near the M23 Between July 2018 and July 2020 works took place to upgrade the M23 between J8 & J10 to an all-lane-running motorway. The upgrades took place mostly for more reliable journeys to Gatwick Airport and increase the overall capacity of the route. The upgrades include an all-lane-running motorway, 12 new emergency areas, a new concrete central barrier replacing the current steel one, new roadside sound barriers, variable speed limits and two new emergency access slip roads. Changes were also implemented on the M23 J9 Spur, with the hard shoulder west bound converted to a running lane, and static 50 mph speed limits implemented in both directions.
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Staal tied Kimmo Timonen of the Philadelphia Flyers for most shorthanded goals among defencemen, with two. Staal with the Rangers in January 2011, his fourth season in the NHL On February 22, 2011, in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes, Staal was checked by his brother, Eric. Marc was looking down, fighting for the puck with another Hurricanes player, when Eric came and threw a hard shoulder check, and Marc was slow to get up. It was a legal check, and Marc played for the rest of the season, setting career highs with 22 assists and 29 points. However, it was revealed before the Rangers' 2011 training camp began that Staal was suffering from post-concussion symptoms.
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The rest stop Hienberg, which lay on the mountain of the same name, does not exist anymore. In 2001, the six-lane expansion, with the exception of three sections, was completed. The 120 million DM expensive conversion between the junctions Bayreuth-North and -Süd, which included a 320 -meter-long enclosure and noise barriers, dragged itself into the year 2006. After its completion, there were only in Thuringia track sections of the A 9 with four lanes without hard shoulder. These were on the one hand to the Hermsdorfer cross and on the other to 19 kilometers south of the junction Triptis at operating kilometer 205 and north of the junction Schleiz at operating kilometer 224.
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Among those wounded was a pregnant mother of four, a 72-year-old grandmother and a ten-year-old boy. Some fellow loyalists said that Stone made the mistake of throwing his grenades too soon; the death toll would likely have been much higher had the grenades exploded in mid-air, "raining lethal shrapnel over a wide area". A white van that had been parked on the hard shoulder of the motorway suddenly drove off as Stone fled from the angry crowd. There was speculation that the van was part of the attack, but the RUC said it was part of a police patrol, and that the officers sped off because they feared for their lives.
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Jadranska Avenue was conceived as an expressway approach for the Zagreb-Karlovac highway (today part of A1), the first highway in Croatia. Together with the Karlovac expressway, its construction cost 110 million Yugoslav dinars. It was built in 1972 as an extension of Dubrovnik Avenue (then called Boris Kidrič Avenue after the eponymous Yugoslav political figure) and it spanned from the Dubrovnik Avenue and Adriatic Bridge intersection to the old Lučko Interchange, without any exits. The avenue was wide and had three traffic lanes in each direction, similar to the A1 lane setup, which also features a 28-meter pavement with three lanes in each direction, but one of them is marked as a hard shoulder.
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A4 heading towards Aachen at inter-section with A559 on the Cologne Beltway is an autobahn that crosses Germany in a west–east direction. The western segment has a length of , the part in the east is long. Works to continue the A 4 are in progress, but currently no plans exist to fill the gap completely. The A4 west of Cologne The A 4 starts north-west of Aachen, where the Dutch A76 enters Germany. Initially it is 2 lanes each way with no speed limit. From Kreuz Aachen to Düren and from Kerpen to Refrath (between Refrath and Köln- Merheim westbound the hard shoulder is the 3rd lane and only open at peak times) it has 3 lanes each way.
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It is further southwest than the Severn Bridge and because it is closer in-line with the landward sides of the M4, it reduces the length of the journey when travelling between England and Wales. The junctions at each end are designed for most traffic to use this crossing, and in order to use the old Severn Bridge crossing, one has to leave the M4 at junction 21 and join the M48 near Aust or at junction 23 near Magor. The new crossing carries more traffic than the Severn Bridge, which is still in use. It is wider than the Severn Bridge, having three lanes and a narrow hard shoulder each way, compared to the two lanes, cycle path and narrow footpath of the original crossing.
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The first ever Modball Rally took place in June 2007 with over 150 cars at the O2 Arena starting grid. The route began in London and ventured through Amsterdam, Cologne, Prague, Vienna with a casino party, Milan with a live performance from the Fuel Girls before finishing with an awards party in Lyon. On day two of the rally the Modball made German Television and the front page of every German newspaper for being surrounded by 100 German Police cars during a car display at the Cologne Arena. Despite having permission to go through Germany three cars were caught speeding on the hard shoulder in Düsseldorf at over resulting in the chief of German Police classing the event as an illegal street race.
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The driver of the minibus, 35-year-old teacher Eleanor Fry, had driven the 14 children to London during the afternoon of the previous day (Wednesday 17 November), then watched a concert of young musicians with them at the Royal Albert Hall, and was driving back afterward. Fry had driven the 1982 Ford Transit, which had passed its MOT test two weeks earlier, several times before both in the United Kingdom and abroad, and was described as a competent and experienced driver by the education officer for Hereford and Worcester. Shortly after midnight, the vehicle struck a 12.5-ton Bedford motorway maintenance truck parked on the hard shoulder of an unlit stretch of the M40 near junction 15. The truck's safety lights were flashing.
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The Esher bypass, between Hook from the first mentioned bypass to the M25, is three lanes with a motorway-standard hard shoulder; from there to Guildford the road has three lanes. Lord Montagu of Beaulieu stressed the urgency of building a Kingston By-pass in 1911, but public funds were not secured before the onset of World War I and were not available in the aftermath. By the early 1920s, traffic in Kingston town centre had increased by over 160% in 10 years in the coaching town and the decision was taken in 1923 to revive the plans, with the contract worth £503,000 (). Work started in 1924, and it was opened by the Prime Minister, the Rt Hon Stanley Baldwin MP, on 28 October 1927.
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Since at least 1980, motorways have had distance marker posts, aka Blakedale Posts, installed at 100 metre intervals alongside the hard shoulder. These posts are used to help pinpoint road locations for maintenance and emergency purposes, and also show the direction to the nearest emergency roadside telephone. The numbers on the posts, for which no units are given, are derived from the distance, in kilometres, of the post from a reference datum location such as a city centre, an administrative boundary or some other feature. On the M25 for example, distances are referenced to a point near Junction 31 even though the section of the ring road between Junction 31 (post 186.6) and Junction 1a (post 5.7) is the A282, not the M25.
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No new Smart Motorways would open until this review was published. On the 12th March 2020, the review and action plan was published. It stated changes to the standards for new smart motorways (ones which had not started construction) such as a reduction from upto 1.5 miles to 1 mile between Emergency refuge areas (or other qualifying areas) and Stranded vehicle detection radars to be installed as part of the project. Other actions it required to be taken is for all Dynamic Hard Shoulder Motorways to be converted into All-Lane-Running by March 2025, Stranded Vehicle Detection radars to be installed on all Smart Motorways within 36 months & a potential national programme to install more ERAs on current smart motorways.
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In New Zealand, roads are generally marked with both Botts' dots and cat's eyes (typically there is one cat's eye followed by three Botts' dots places in every ten-metre stretch of highway). The colour pattern on New Zealand roads is white or yellow cat's eyes along the centre of the road (yellow indicating overtaking is not permitted) and red dots along the hard shoulder or left edge of a motorway. Single blue cat's eyes are used to indicate the location of fire hydrants, and green cat's eyes are used to mark the edge of culverts. In rural settings and along State Highways, these markings are augmented by retroreflective posts along the edge of the road (white reflectors on the left, yellow reflectors on the right).
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A556 Knutsford to Bowdon Improvement: A new five- mile four-lane dual-carriageway bypass of Bucklow Hill and Mere Crossroads on the A556 is currently under construction by Highways England at a cost of between £165-£221 million. The new road will also contain the first 'green bridge' wildlife crossing in the United Kingdom. The existing road will be narrowed to one lane in each direction and re-designated as the B5569 under the maintenance of Cheshire East Council. M6 Junctions 16-19: Smart Motorway: Highways England are preparing to convert the hard shoulder to a permanent running lane and introduce a variable speed limit along this section of the M6, meaning that it will become the first smart motorway in Cheshire.
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As of August 2020, females have the option to wear mess dress trousers. The jacket features ornate silver buttons, and is worn with the service member's awarded medals in miniature size, wings in miniature size, or other specialty insignia over the left breast, command insignia over the right breast for colonels and below (if applicable), satin air force blue bow-tie for males or tab for females, and a satin air force blue cummerbund. Cufflinks are to be either shined or flat round silver or have the air force star and wing emblem, dark blue suspenders may also be worn, but remain hidden while the jacket is on. Commissioned officers, USAFA and AFROTC cadets, and OTS officer trainees wear hard shoulder epaulets (i.e.
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The tunnel is intended to carry both the Istanbul metro and a two-level highway, over a length of . The French A86 Duplex Tunnel in west Paris consists of two bored tunnel tubes, the eastern one of which has two levels for light motorized vehicles, over a length of . Although each level offers a physical height of , only traffic up to tall is allowed in this tunnel tube, and motorcyclists are directed to the other tube. Each level was built with a three-lane roadway, but only two lanes per level are used – the third serves as a hard shoulder within the tunnel. The A86 Duplex is Europe's longest double-deck tunnel. In Shanghai, China, a two-tube double-deck tunnel was built starting in 2002.
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Works to widen the Junctions 27 (M11) to 30 (A13) section to dual four lanes also started in July 2009. The Junction 27 to 28 (A12) section was completed in July 2010, and the Junction 28 to 29 (A127) in June 2011, and finally the Junction 29 to 30 (A13) section opened in May 2012. Work to introduce smart motorway technology and permanent hard shoulder running on two sections of the M25 began in 2013. The first section between Junctions 5 (A21/M26) and 7 (M23) started construction in May 2013 with the scheme being completed and opened in April 2014. The second section, between Junctions 23 (A1/A1(M)) and 27 (M11), began construction in February 2013 and was completed and opened in November 2014.
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The tuneful, laid-back "The Mystery Trend" was described by Raggett as "rural blues-gone-drone rock." The instrumental "Necropolis" bears a strong krautrock influence, revealing Cope's infatuation with 1970s German rock music, and was cited as one of the "absurd" tracks on the album, alongside "No Hard Shoulder to Cry On" and "Know (Cut My Friend Down)", by critic Alec Foege. Starting with a garage rock riff before centring on numerous soundscapes, with one of the few lyrics being its title, "Poet Is Priest…" is a krautrock funk song, featuring "acoustic astrology" from astronomer and musician Fiorella Terenzi, and rave influences. An unedited version, running to almost 22 minutes, was included on the bonus disc of the 2006 deluxe edition of the album.
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This section forms part of the North Wales coast route between Holyhead and the M56 motorway. The section of the A494 north of the River Dee was upgraded to 4-lanes plus hard shoulders in each direction in 2004 as part of a wider scheme, which upgraded the A550 as well, although not all of the lanes on the A494 have been opened. The next stage of the scheme was to widen a stretch of the A494 from the River Dee up Aston Hill to the Ewloe Interchange, the junction of the A55 and A494, to 3 and 4-lane plus hard shoulder standard. In April 2006, local residents living at Aston Hill, part of the proposed route, began a campaign to oppose any further widening of the A494.
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The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents also expressed concern that emergency services would take longer to reach an incident. The Highways Agency rejected this concern based on the of dual carriageway that does not have a hard shoulder. Disability groups were concerned that some drivers would not be able to access the emergency phones or even exit their vehicles, leaving them at increased risk. Ruth Kelly, former Secretary of State for Transport stated that these schemes were useful, but that motorway widening would still be considered where it was appropriate. The scheme has attracted criticism from motoring organisations such as the AA, who in 2018 reported that many members were concerned that speed limits were being imposed without good cause in situations where traffic was light.
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Active Traffic Management (ATM) was launched as a pilot scheme on the M42 operating between junction 3a and 7 with mandatory variable speed limits, hard shoulder running, better driver information signs and a new incident management system. This system allows operators to open and close any lane to traffic in order to help manage congestion or an incident. Since it started in 2006 journey times have decreased by 26% northbound and 9% southbound and journey time variability has decreased by 27%. Due to the success of the trial this system was later extended northbound to junction 9 of the M42 (and onto the adjacent M6 to Junction 5) and southbound along the M40 to Junction 15 as part of the first phase of a nationwide roll out of the rebranded 'Managed motorways; concept.
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From Perth to Mill Point Road, the freeway has five lanes northbound and six lanes southbound, including a bus lane in the southbound direction only. South of Mill Point Road to Roe Highway/Murdoch Drive the freeway is three lanes southbound and four lanes northbound with no hard shoulder north of Canning Highway reducing to three lanes south of Canning without any bus lanes except for bus-only ramps at the Canning Bridge interchange. At the Roe Highway interchange, an extra lane is added, providing four lanes in both directions until the following Berrigan Drive interchange. At Berrigan Drive the freeway becomes three lanes in both directions again with collector-distributor lanes forming to provide access to the Armadale Road/Beeliar Drive interchange and the future North Lake Road interchange in Cockburn.
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A control room for the M25 J5-7 smart motorway scheme In 2006, the Highways Agency proposed widening of the M25 from six to eight lanes, between Junctions 5 and 6, and 16 to 30, as part of a Design, Build, Finance and Operate (DBFO) project. A shortlist of contractors was announced in October 2006 for the project, which was expected to cost £4.5 billion. Contractors were asked to resubmit their bids in January 2008, and in June 2009 the new transport minister indicated that the cost had risen to £5.5 billion and the benefit to cost ratio had dropped considerably. In January 2009 the government announced that plans to widen the sections from Junctions 5 to 7 and 23 to 27 had been 'scrapped' and that hard shoulder running would be introduced instead.
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The Maersk container ship MV Sea-Land Meteor ran aground near to Vlissingen during the storm before being refloated on the next high tide. Authorities later attributed the grounding to navigational error and low tides. On the roads the A6 road was closed for some time near Sint Nicolaasga after a truck was blown over, this was repeated on the A1 motorway where traffic between Hengelo and Apeldoorn was restricted to the hard shoulder. The Dutch Traffic Information Service (Verkeersinformatiedienst) reported that some 25 trucks and trailers overturned on the main roads across the Netherlands, the most in one day since 2007, when the Kyrill (storm) saw 30 blown over in significantly stronger winds, though conditions were not as bad as during the Burns Day storm 25 January 1990 when 130 articulated lorries, caravans and trailers were blown over on major roads.
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The A2 motorway () is a motorway in Slovenia, around 180 km long, connecting the Karawanks Tunnel (at the Austrian border) via the capital city Ljubljana to Obrežje (at the Croatian border, near Zagreb). It connects several major Slovene cities, including Kranj, Ljubljana, and Novo Mesto, and is part of Pan-European Corridor X. The route of the motorway largely follows the path of the Brotherhood and Unity Highway, which was a two-lane non-divided road constructed as the main traffic artery within Yugoslavia. With the construction of the divided motorway, most of the previous road was demolished. A notable exception can be seen on the southern A2 segment between Grosuplje and Višnja Gora, where the previous road was grandfathered into the motorway system; it lacks a hard shoulder and has sharp turns and an exit ramp with a 10% grade.
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Much of the road has been improved to dual carriageway standard, with the westernmost section of the trunk portion even having as much as four lanes plus a hard shoulder in each direction, and on a motorway alignment with grade-separated junctions. This is perhaps a reflection that the M27 was once proposed to run as far as Chichester. The road runs east from Portsmouth to Havant then on to the Warblington/ Emsworth exit. Beyond Warblington the dual carriageway east has no junctions in it until it reaches Chichester, where the by-pass has five roundabouts and one traffic signal controlled junction, that disrupt the mainline flow of the road.Google map of Chichester retrieved 3 March 2012 The Chichester by-pass is regularly subject to congestion and although a public inquiry has proposed improvements, those improvements are currently on hold.
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Upon establishing the incident location, the emergency service operator will relay the information to the responsible force for their dispatch. In most areas, other forces will respond to incidents just within the border if they could get there quicker, assist, and then hand over to the other force when they arrive. On strategic routes like almost all motorways and some major A roads in the United Kingdom, Highways England have placed blue signs with the location printed on them, at approximately 500-metre intervals. Although emergency SOS phones are placed along the hard shoulder on all motorways (or in emergency refuge areas on smart motorways) which automatically send location information to the Highways England regional control centre (RCC), most people involved in a road emergency call for help using their mobile phones and so must be able to identify their location.
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However, its "dark and challenging" content, with its lowly mixed drums and highly mixed vocals, was not well received by the label, with their managing director Marc Marot calling it "the most sonically unappealing album he'd ever heard," and Cope's A&R; man going as far as to describe "Slow Rider" as "the worst song he'd heard by anybody in his life". As such, Island refused to issue the album. When Cope explained that it was what he had set out to achieve and "would prefer to stand or fall by the results," Marot allowed him additional recording sessions at the label's Fallout Shelter Studios. Although the existing content remained almost untouched, the album, re-titled Jehovahkill, was "ameliorated" with six further songs, including "Fa-Fa-Fa-Fine", "The Mystery Trend" and "No Hard Shoulder To Cry On".
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In 2007 it was estimated that ATM could be introduced within two years at a cost of around £5-15 million per mile as opposed to 10 years and £79 million per mile for widening. The M42 scheme was initially run as an experiment and a Highways Agency report into the first six months of the scheme showed a reduction in variability of journey times of up to 27%. The journey time statistics can be broken down to show that northbound journey times were reduced by 26%, equating to an average reduction of 4 minutes as compared to the period when the variable speed limits were on, but the hard shoulder was not being used, and 9% southbound (equating to 1 minute) during the afternoon rush hour. The report also indicated a fall in the number of accidents from over 5 a month to 1.5 per month on average.
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U.S. Air Force Academy cadets wearing parade dress uniforms Prospective commissioned officers in a pre-commissioning status, for example, U.S. Air Force Academy cadets wear slide-on cadet or officer trainee "soft rank" insignia on their shirts and hard "shoulder boards" (similar to commissioned officer mess dress shoulder epaulette insignia) on their service dress coats, again with cadet or officer trainee rank insignia. College and university AFROTC cadets and OTS officer trainees will also wear the soft ranks on their shirts, but will also wear on the service coat. The hard ranks are only worn on the Mess Dress uniform for ROTC or OTS cadets. The typical headgear for all is a flight cap with medium density silver metallic thread piping and the prop & wings insignia for cadets who successfully complete recognition (USAFA), Field Training (ROTC), or the first half of OTS in place of the traditional officer insignia.
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In 1992, Capaldi wrote and starred in the road movie Soft Top, Hard Shoulder, which won the audience award at the London Film Festival. In 1995, he won an Oscar for Best Live Action Short Film for his film Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life, which was tied with fellow nominee Trevor, leading to both films being announced as joint winners, and won BAFTA Award for Best Short Film a year before that. He also wrote and directed Strictly Sinatra in 2001, and in 2009 he wrote and presented A Portrait of Scotland, a documentary detailing 500 years' history of Scottish portrait painting. Capaldi directed several episodes of the 2009 BBC Four sitcom Getting On. In 2012, Capaldi wrote (with Tony Roche), directed and performed in The Cricklewood Greats, an affectionate spoof documentary about a fictitious film studio, which tracks real developments and trends throughout the history of British cinema, including silent movies, horror and bawdy comedy, and a disastrous Terry Gilliam epic (Gilliam appears as himself).
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In August 2016 part of a pedestrian footbridge connecting areas of Ryarsh divided by the motorway was brought down - initially suspected to be the result of an impact by a digger from nearby works to widen the southbound bridge at junction 4 being carried on a low- loader that was moving along the hard shoulder. In the incident, the southern section of the bridge - which rested on a plinth south of the motorway and the cantilevered northern section \- was dislodged and fell onto the carriageway below, landing on the trailer of a passing HGV and being narrowly avoided by a motorcyclist who suffered broken ribs taking avoiding action. Both carriageways of the motorway were closed to enable the removal of the broken section. The motorway reopened with the Highways Agency having declared that the northern part of the bridge was structurally intact. However this section of the motorway was again closed on the weekend of 3 and 4 September 2016 for the demolition and clearance of the northern bridge element.
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The section through the Hamburg city is characterized by an immense volume of traffic, congestion is the order of the day here. There are several reasons for this: the motorway runs through inner-city areas, there is a lot of holiday traffic on the route during school holidays, there are practically no opportunities for bypassing, the speed is permanently limited to 80 km / h as an urban area and the section is extended, South of the equipped with four tubes to two lanes Elbe tunnel leads the A7 on the highway Elbmarsch, the longest road bridge in Germany, right through the harbor area and the Harburg mountains to Lower Saxony. Via the corner junction A 261 you get to the A 1 to Bremen, at the following Maschener Kreuz on the A 39 to Lüneburg. Going through the Hannover from Hamburg, the highway has six lanes, and it was downgraded to the four-lane section between Soltau and Walsrode the hard shoulder can be temporarily released as a third lane.
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