Ferrante addressed the rumors head-on in an email interview with Vanity Fair in August of 2015, with reference to the "literary gynaeceum" in which women writers are locked.
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Women of a certain class were segregated from participation in symposium and various other areas of society and were regulated within the gynaeceum. It is in finding the andron and the evidence of symposium that one is able to determine the location of the gynaeceum, or women's quarters.
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Her 1885 work In the Gynaeceum was included in the book Women Painters of the World.Women Painters of the World on Project Gutenberg Coomans died in New York City.
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Family scene in a gynaeceum – painted on a lebes gamikos about 430 BC In Ancient Greece, the gynaeceum ( gynaikeion, from Ancient Greek gynaikeia "part of the house reserved for the women"; literally "of or belonging to women, feminine"). or the gynaeconitis ( gynaikōnitis "women's apartments in a house"). was a building or the portion of a house reserved for women, generally the innermost apartment. In other words, a women's quarters, similar to the Indian and Muslim zenana.
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Andrōn (Greek: andrōn),. or andronitis ( andrōnitis),. is part of a Greek house that is reserved for men, as distinguished from the gynaeceum ( gynaikeion), the women's quarters. The andrōn was used for entertaining male guests.
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According to the Budapest City Archives, the girls were burned with hot tongs and then placed in freezing cold water. They were also covered in honey and live ants. Báthory was also suspected of cannibalism. Some witnesses named relatives who died while at the gynaeceum.
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Michael IV was concerned about Zoë turning on him the way she had turned on Romanos,Norwich, pg. 280 so he excluded Zoë from politics by placing all power in the hands of his brother, the eunuch John the Orphanotrophos.Finlay, pg. 480 Zoë was confined again to the palace gynaeceum, and kept under strict surveillance.
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By 1611, the notaries collected testimony from more than 300 witnesses. According to the testimonies, Báthory's first victims were girls aged 10 to 14 years. Later, Báthory is said to have begun killing daughters of the lesser gentry, who were sent to her gynaeceum by their parents to learn courtly etiquette. Abductions were said to have occurred as well.
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Garland, Zoe Porphyrogenita Consequently, Zoë lived a life of virtual obscurity in the imperial gynaeceum (women's quarters) for many years. As an eligible imperial princess Zoë was considered a possible bride for the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto III, in 996.Norwich, pg. 253 A second embassy sent in 1001, headed by Arnulf II, Archbishop of Milan,Norwich, pg.
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Theodora further claimed that since Romanos and she were third cousins, it was too close a blood relationship for marriage to occur. Consequently, Constantine VIII chose Theodora's sister. Zoë married Romanos three days before her father died. Empress Zoë tonsures her sister Theodora With the accession of Romanos, Theodora prudently retreated back into the gynaeceum, with its daily religious routines.
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A , is noted in two laws in the Codex Theodosianus dated 336. According to the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, this was not Licinius II, but rather an illegitimate son legitimated by rescript. This son of the augustus was, by legislation, forced into slavery in the imperial textile factories (gynaeceum) in Carthage, Africa. The text contains a directive that he be reduced to the slave status of his birth.
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In Assyria, rules of harem etiquette were stipulated by royal edicts. The women of the harem lived in seclusion, guarded by eunuchs, and the entire harem traveled together with the king. A number of regulations were designed to prevent disputes among the women from developing into political intrigues. Female seclusion and a special part of the house reserved for women were common among the elites of ancient Greece (where it was known as the gynaeceum).
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The gynaeceum is the counterpart to the andron, or male quarters. The married woman of the household would often join the unmarried women and the female slaves at night when she did not join her husband. The women spent most of their days in this area of the house. These rooms were more remote from those reserved for the men by placing them away from the streets and public areas of the house.
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79 Zoë recognised her own beauty and its use as a tool of statecraft. Attempting to maximise and prolong its effect she had a variety of creams and treatments prepared in the gynaeceum, and was said to have carried out experiments attempting to improve their efficacy. She operated a cosmetics laboratory in her rooms in the palace, where perfumes and unguents were constantly being prepared. Psellus reports that her face looked youthful into her sixties.
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Regarding the participation of women in the political life of the Byzantine Empire, there are two main points of view. According to one of them, women were isolated from the rest of society in a gynaeceum. In this case, historians refer to the relevant statements of Michael Psellos, Kekaumenos and Michael Attaleiates. Another points of view, more common at the present time, is that the isolation of women in the sources does not reflect the real state of affairs, but the ideal idea of Byzantine men.
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Michael IV was handsome, clever and generous but he was uneducated and suffered from epilepsy. He was initially reliant on others to direct the government in his name. Zoë mistakenly believed that Michael would prove a more devoted husband than Romanos; Michael was concerned that Zoë would turn on him the way she had turned on Romanos. Consequently, he excluded her from politics and confined her to the palace gynaeceum (women's quarters) where he had her watched. Michael’s visits grew more and more infrequent.
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Detail from an epinetron showing women weaving in a gynaeceum, about 500 BC Artistic references may shed some light on the religious, cultural, and economic activities of the aristocratic elements of society. Key to research into the status of women has been the archeological evidence found or implied within the excavated residential structures. Artifacts such as ceramic vases, looms, cups, and metal hinges found within the excavated sites suggest social, cultural, and economic clues. Looms and olive presses located within the residential excavation zones further suggest the economic role of women within the home.
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This circle of scholars did not gather in a definite building: Charlemagne liked to listen to poems while he was swimming and eating. The Palace school provided education to the ruler's children and the "nourished ones" (nutriti in Latin), aristocrat sons that were to serve the king. Outside of the palace complex were also a gynaeceum, barracks, a hospice, a hunting park and a menagerie in which lived the elephant Abul-Abbas, given by Baghdad Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Ermoldus Nigellus describes the place in his Poems on Louis the Pious (first half of the 9th century).
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Historian Don Nardo stated "throughout antiquity most Greek women had few or no civil rights and many enjoyed little freedom of choice or mobility". During the Hellenistic period in Athens, the famous philosopher Aristotle thought that women would bring disorder, evil, and were "utterly useless and caused more confusion than the enemy." Because of this, Aristotle thought keeping women separate from the rest of the society was the best idea. This separation would entail living in homes called a gynaeceum while looking after the duties in the home and having very little exposure with the male world.
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Theodora with her retinue. Mosaic of the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, VI century Women in the Byzantine Empire played an important role, but many details of their lives are a matter of debate. Numerous sources (chronicles, legal texts, hagiographic literature) paint a picture of the Byzantine patriarchal society in which women did not have independent significance and were imprisoned in a gynaeceum. For a long time, the attention of historians was attracted only by prominent Byzantine women, mainly the Empress, especially the wife of Emperor Justinian I Theodora, who had a significant influence on the events of the first half of the VI century.
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Basil II prevented his nieces from marrying any of the Byzantine nobility, calculating that such a marriage would have given their husbands a claim on the imperial throne. As women, Theodora and Zoë were unable to exercise any state authority; their only say in this was in choosing, or more likely accepting or not, a husband who would acquire their authority upon marriage.Garland, Zoe Porphyrogenita Consequently, Theodora lived a life of virtual obscurity in the imperial gynaeceum (women's quarters). Intelligent and possessing a strong and austere character, Theodora defied by then sole emperor Constantine by refusing to marry the man her father had chosen to succeed him, Romanos Argyros, stating that Romanos was already married – his wife having become a nun to allow Romanos to marry into the imperial family.Finlay.
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Javier Gomá's most important philosophical works have been published in two collections: 1.- Tetralogía de la ejemplaridad [Tetrology of exemplarity] (Taurus, 2014), the result of a philosophical project developed over a decade and made up of the following works: Imitación y experiencia [Imitation and experience] (2003), Aquiles en el gineceo [Achilles in the gynaeceum] (2007), Ejemplaridad pública [Public exemplarity] (2009) y Necesario pero imposible [Necessary but impossible] (2013). The first two works were first published by Editorial Pre- Textos, and the second two by Taurus, which also published the tetrology as a boxed set and in pocket book format. 2.- Filosofía mundana. Microensayos completos [Worldly philosophy: complete micro-essays] (Galaxia Gutenberg, 2016), which includes the 63 micro-essays that appeared in Spanish newspapers, principally El País, plus some from La Vanguardia.
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The megaron, the great hall of the Grecian palace complexes, was a single room structure built around a courtyard and expanded to include multiple rooms Pelike showing a gynaeceum scene, 440–430 BC Dominant in the discourse is the notion of public and private spheres evolving in tandem with the changes to the architectural designs of the home, which suggest the idea of the use of space in facilitating social conditioning in order to maintain social, cultural, political norms. The layout and design of the residential structures hint at the functionality of the space and the social and cultural norms that may or may not have been in place. Changes to the architectural designs of the residential sites suggest the influence of political and social changes. The megaron, single room structure, expanded in size to fit multiple rooms with a courtyard in the middle, and some to include a second floor.
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