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"frit" Definitions
  1. the calcined or partly fused materials of which glass is made
  2. any of various chemically complex glasses used ground especially to introduce soluble or unstable ingredients into glazes or enamels
  3. to prepare (materials for glass) by heat : FUSE
  4. to convert into a frit
"frit" Synonyms
fearful frightened terrified scared horrified alarmed afraid shocked spooked hysterical petrified terrorised(UK) terrorized(US) affrighted panicky hysteric intimidated scary jumpy cowed
"frit" Antonyms
unafraid confident fearless ballsy bold brave courageous daring dauntless doughty gallant game gutsy heroic indomitable intrepid lion-hearted plucky unabashed undaunted

250 Sentences With "frit"

How to use frit in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "frit" and check conjugation/comparative form for "frit". Mastering all the usages of "frit" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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But only because Labour MPs are too frit to make it a reality.
At the Frit café, I get Belgian French fries and a cranberry lychee soda.
On busy days, popular Brussels establishments such as Maison Antoine and Frit Flagey can attract very long queues.
When deciding on the content of the mural, a FRIT team member suggested a riff on the cover art for Springsteen's Asbury Park, but inspired by Queens.
We ambled through the food court, where stalls hawk everything from riz frit (fried rice) to curry agneau (lamb curry) to puri chaud (fried flatbreads); next, Raju took me to a residential street in Rose Hill, where I joined the lunch rush at the no-frills Dewa and Sons.
Guidelines for bird-friendly building design, issued last year by NYC Audubon with the American Bird Conservancy, cite improvements like the frit patterns in the mirrored glass on the Anchorage Museum designed by David Chipperfield, glass behind metal screening at the de Young Museum by Herzog & de Meuron, and bird strike-deterring glass at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden Visitors Center designed by Weiss/Manfredi.
Also frit is used as a main component in manufacturing of ceramic engobe by ceramic tile producers. And as a result of the broad using of frit in the ceramic tiles industry many frit factories were established recently in many countries such as Egypt. Modern frits have several types according to its use in the ceramic glaze such as transparent frit, Matt frit, and opaque frit. Automotive windshields incorporate a dark band of ceramic dots around the edges called a frit.
They were also known for deep crimped edges. They also produced Iridescent Frit Glass. The Dugan Pompeian, Venetian, and Japanese glass lines were examples of frit glass. These pieces were rolled in glass frit, which is ground up pieces of glass, and then shaped by hand.
Before application, the dry frit must be encapsulated in an organic silane; this allows the frit to hold an electrical charge during application. An electrostatic gun fires the dry frit powder onto the electrically earthed metal substrate; electrical forces bind the charged powder to the substrate and it adheres.
A schlenk-frit. A Schlenk-frit is a laboratory filtration device operating under inert gas conditions (schlenk conditions). It separates air- and water- sensitive suspensions into liquid and solid parts. A Schlenk-frit is made of a glass tube with a ground glass joint at both ends, a fused filter (a porous glass disk) and valves at both sides.
Tite 1989, 120, 123. Tite argues that this glass was added as frit and that the interstitial glass formed on firing.Tite 1989, 121. Frit was also a significant component in some early European porcelains.
Calamoncosis is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae.
Eugaurax is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae.
The rare weevil Bagous frit has been recorded at the site.
Oscinella frit is a European species of fly and member of the family Chloropidae. Oscinella frit is an agricultural pest causing damage to crops by boring into the shoots of oats, wheat, maize, barley and grasses.
Oscinisoma alienum is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Pseudogaurax signatus is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Stenoscinis longipes is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Elachiptera nigriceps is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Hippelates proboscideus is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Malloewia abdominalis is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Elachiptera longiventris is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Chaetochlorops inquilinus is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Gaurax splendidus is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Gaurax dorsalis is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Pseudogaurax anchora is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Elachiptera erythropleura is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Gaurax melanotum is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Gaurax pallidipes is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Elachiptera costata is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Hippelates nobilis is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Gaurax pseudostigma is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Gaurax shannoni is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Elachiptera angusta is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Hippelates plebejus is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
The firing temperature required for green frit may be slightly higher than that of blue frit, in the range of 950 to 1100°C. The ultimate product is composed of copper-wollastonite ([Ca,Cu]3Si3O9) crystals and a “glassy phase rich in copper, sodium, and potassium chlorides.”Lee and Quirke 2000, 112. In certain circumstances (the use of a two-step heating process, the presence of hematite), scientists were able to make a cuprorivaite-based blue frit that later became a copper-wollastonite-based green frit at a temperature of 1050°C.
However, this is a misnomer as these objects have no relationship > to the glazed pottery vessels made in Faenza, from which the faience term > derives. Other authors use the terms sintered quartz, glazed frit, frit, > composition, Egyptian Blue, paste or (in the 19th century) even porcelain, > although the last two terms are very inappropriate as they also describe > imitation gems and a type of ceramic. Frit is technically a flux.
Beads, small pendants and figurines were made of bone, shell, stone, clay and frit.
Olcella parva, the chloropid fly, is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae.
Bianchetti et al. 2000, 181-183. On some ancient Egyptian wall paintings, pigments that were originally blue are now green: the blue frit can “devitrify” so that the “copper wollastonite predominates over the lesser component of cuprorivaite.” As with blue frit, Hatton, Shortland, and Tite have analyzed evidence for green frit at Amarna in the form of cakes, powders, and one vessel fragment and inferred the sequential production of the three types of artifacts.
The manufacture of green and blue frit relies on the same raw materials, but in different proportions. To produce green frit, the lime concentration must outweigh the copper concentration.Hatton, Shortland, and Tite 2008, 1591; Lee and Quirke 2000, 112; Tite et al. 1998, 113.
They are also the first example of tiles with a frit body produced under the Ottomans.
Three pâte de verre vessels Pâte de verre (literally glass paste) is cast from powdered frit, mixed with a glue binder. This allows the paste to be applied to the sides of a large mould in a thin layer. When fired, a thin-walled vessel is formed. The transparency of the finished casting depends on the size of the frit used: fine powder produces an opaque cast, medium or coarse frit may be used to cast a transparent piece.
Tricimba lineella is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae. It is found in Europe.
Lipara lucens is a species of frit fly in the family Chloropidae. It is found in Europe.
Once prepared, this powdered frit is then slumped and stirred to promote even distribution of materials; most frits are smelted at temperatures between 1150 and . After smelting, the frit is again milled into a powder, most often by ball mill grinding. For wet application of enamel, a slurry of frit suspended in water must be created. To remain in suspension, frits must be milled to an extremely fine particle size, or mixed with a suspension agent such as clay or electrolytes.
The glass frit bond procedure is used for the encapsulation and mounting of components. The coating of glass frit layers is applied by spin coating for thickness of 5 to 30 μm or commonly by screen printing for thickness of 10 to 30 μm. Screen printing, as a commonly used deposition method, provides a technique of structuring for the glass frit material. This method has the advantage of material deposition on structured cap wafers without any additional processes, i.e. photolithography.
Indeed, scientists have determined that frit objects, such as amulets, beads and vessels, have chemical compositions similar to those of powder frits designed for use as pigments.Kaczmarczyk and Lahanier 1985, 98. Nevertheless, determining the exact technical relationships among the frit, glass and faience industries is an area of current and, likely, future scholarly interest. The excavations at Amarna offer a spatial confirmation of these potential relationships, as the frit, glass and faience industries there were located “in close proximity” to one another.
For ground coats, the composition of a frit for any given application is determined primarily by the metal used as the substrate: different varieties of steel, and different metals such as aluminium and copper, require different frit compositions to bond to them. For cover coats, the frit is composed to bind to the ground-coat and produce the desired external properties. Frit is normally prepared by mixing the ingredients and then milling the mixture into a powder. The ingredients, most often metal oxides and minerals such as quartz (or silica sand), soda ash, borax, and cobalt oxide, are acquired in particulate form; the precise chemical composition and amount of each ingredient must be carefully measured and regulated.
Assuania is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about six described species in Assuania.
Elachiptera is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about 18 described species in Elachiptera.
Homalura is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about six described species in Homalura.
Lagaroceras is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about 19 described species in Lagaroceras.
Malloewia is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about 8 described species in Malloewia.
Metopostigma is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about nine described species in Metopostigma.
Olcella is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about 11 described species in Olcella.
Oscinisoma is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about eight described species in Oscinisoma.
Rhopalopterum is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about 10 described species in Rhopalopterum.
Tricimba is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are about 7 described species in Tricimba.
Domnaill m. Imhair m. Domnaill m. Amlaim m. Imhair mhoir m. Muircertaig le frit i tuac geal Taidhg m.
The outside sheet is tempered 6 mm low- iron sheer with a silver mirror frit. The inside sheet is 6 mm low-iron clear sheet. The frit is silver reflective on one side and metallic on the other. All glass units were pre-assembled prior to shipping to allow for easy installation.
The definition of frit tends to be variable and has proved a thorny issue for scholars. In recent centuries, frits have taken on a number of roles, such as biomaterials and additives to microwave dielectric ceramics. Frit in the form of alumino-silicate can be used in glaze-free continuous casting refractories.
Archaeologists have found evidence of frit in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Europe, and the Mediterranean.T. Pradell et al. 2006, "Physical Processes Involved in Production of the Ancient Pigment, Egyptian Blue," Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89.4: 1431. The definition of frit as a sintered, polycrystalline, unglazed material can be applied to these archaeological contexts.
"Fried Cauliflower", E. Duret, Practical Household Cookery, 1891, p. 365 It is often called by its French name, choufleur frit.
Aphanotrigonum is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least 2 described species in Aphanotrigonum.
Capnoptera is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least three described species in Capnoptera.
Centorisoma is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least 20 described species in Centorisoma.
Chaetochlorops is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least three described species in Chaetochlorops.
Eribolus is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least 4 described species in Eribolus.
Paraeurina is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least two described species in Paraeurina.
Phyladelphus is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least four described species in Phyladelphus.
Platycephalisca is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least three described species in Platycephalisca.
Stenoscinis is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least 2 described species in Stenoscinis.
Juni (1883), Unionen og dens Fremtid (1894) and Hvorledes Norge blev frit (1913). Vullum died in March 1916 in Lillehammer.
Ceratobarys is a genus of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There is one described species in Ceratobarys, C. eulophus.
Following devastating internal disputes, it was saved by the president of the Danish Social Democrats, Mogens Lykketoft, himself being former president of Frit Forum. Since then, the climate between the two organizations has bettered. Over the years, Frit Forum has held meetings and conferences with both the Labour Students (England) and S-studenter (Sweden).
Then the refined mixture was taken, heated and shaped into blocks called frit. The frit was then taken and remelted and skimmed once again in order to remove impurities. The batch then had manganese added to the mixture at this time. The addition of manganese helps to rid the cristallo of any color tints.
Frit Forum - Social Democratic Students of Denmark (, or just Frit Forum) is the student organization of the Danish Social Democrats. It was established in 1943 during the Nazi occupation of Denmark as a means of reaching out to the growing number of students in the labour movement. Since then, it has had a decisive impact on Danish politics, fostering many leaders and influential Social Democrats. Former PES-president Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, former Danish frontrunner to the European Parliament Dan Jørgensen, and former Minister of Finance Mogens Lykketoft began their paths in Frit Forum.
The frit FAB and continuous flow-FAB (CF- FAB) interfaces were developed in 1985 and 1986 respectively. Both interfaces were similar, but they differed in that the first used a porous frit probe as connecting channel, while CF-FAB used a probe tip. From these, the CF-FAB was more successful as a LC-MS interface and was useful to analyze non-volatile and thermally labile compounds. In these interfaces, the LC effluent passed through the frit or CF-FAB channels to form a uniform liquid film at the tip.
The glass frit bonding, starting with alignment of the wafers, is a thermo-compressive process that takes place in the bonding chamber at specific pressure. Under bonding pressure wafers are heated up to the process temperature around 430 °C for a few minutes. On the one hand a short bonding time causes the glass frit to spread insufficiently, on the other hand a longer bonding time causes the glass frit to be overflown subsequently leaving voids. The alignment has to be very precise and stable to prevent shifting.
Oscinellinae is a subfamily of frit flies in the family Chloropidae. There are at least 40 genera and 180 described species in Oscinellinae.
The abrasive technique can achieve very high tolerances with no heat and no cracking of the glass frit used in the ink formulation.
Before usage, the Schlenk-frit has to be heated, to remove water traces. The Schlenk-frit is put onto the product flask using an inert gas counterflow and closed at the top end with a second flask. The whole is turned 180° to start filtration. The liquid parts of the reaction mix go through the filter while the solid parts remain.
Tite 1989, 129. Microscopic analysis reveals that the material that has been labeled “frit” is “interstitial glass” which serves to connect the quartz particles.
The glass was added as frit and the interstitial glass formed on firing. Fritware dish with grape design, Iznik pottery, Turkey, 1550–70. British Museum.
Screen printing enables the possibility of selective bonding. So only in areas where bonding is required the glass frit is deposited. The risk of glass frit flowing into the structures can be prevented by optimization of the screen printing process. Under high positioning precision the sizes of the structures in the range of 190 μm with a minimum spacing of < 100 μm are achievable.
Evidence of the use of green frit is so far confined to Egypt. Alongside malachite, green frit was usually employed as a green pigment.A. Lucas and J.R. Harris 1962, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, 4th ed., London: Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., 344-345. Its earliest occurrence is in tomb paintings of the 18th dynasty, but its use extends at least to the Roman period.
Tite 1989, 129. Microscopic analysis reveals that the material that has been labeled “frit” is “interstitial glass” which serves to connect the quartz particles.Tite 1989, 120, 123.
P. Bianchetti et al. 2000, "Production and Characterization of Egyptian Blue and Egyptian Green Frit," Journal of Cultural Heritage 1: 179; Hatton, Shortland, and Tite 2008, 1592.
Soft-paste porcelain made in England from about 1745 used a white-firing clay with the addition of a glassy frit. The frit is a flux that causes the piece to vitrify when it is fired in a kiln. Soft-paste porcelain is fired to . The kiln must be raised to the precise temperature where the piece will vitrify, but no higher or the piece will sag and deform.
This factory, established in 1857, produces ware that is characterised by its thinness, slightly iridescent surface and that the body is formulated with a significant proportion of frit.
The application of industrial porcelain enamel can be a complicated process involving many different and very technical steps. All enamelling processes involve the mixture and preparation of frit, the unfired enamel mixture; the preparation of the substrate; the application and firing; and then finishing processes. Most modern applications also involve two layers of enamel: a ground-coat to bond to the substrate and a cover-coat to provide the desired external properties. Because frits frequently must be mixed at higher temperatures than the firing requires, most modern industrial enamellers do not mix their own frits completely; frit is most often purchased from dedicated frit producers in standard compositions and then any special ingredients added before application and firing.
Abū'l-Qāsim, who came from a family of tilemakers in the city, wrote a treatise in 1301 on precious stones that included a chapter on the manufacture of fritware. His recipe specified a fritware body containing a mixture of 10 parts silica to 1 part glass frit and 1 part clay. The frit was prepared by mixing powdered quartz with soda which acted as a flux. The mixture was then heated in a kiln.
According to the OED, the origin of the word "frit" dates back to 1662 and is "a calcinated mixture of sand and fluxes ready to be melted in a crucible to make glass". Nowadays, the unheated raw materials of glass making are more commonly called "glass batch". In antiquity, frit could be crushed to make pigments or shaped to create objects. It may also have served as an intermediate material in the manufacture of raw glass.
He deduced that the frit intermediate is necessary so that gases will evolve during this stage and the end product will be virtually free of bubbles.Brill 1970, 112-113. Furthermore, grinding the frit actually expedites the “second part of the process, which is to…reduce the system to a glass.”Brill 1970, 118. Moorey has defined this intermediate step as “fritting,” “a process in which the soluble salts are made insoluble by breaking down the carbonates, etc.
FRIT has also committed to building a pedestrian underpass to connect Baxter Park to the Somerville side of the Mystic River Reservation (the next segment being known as the Shore Drive Parklands).
The simplest method of dry application, especially for cast- iron substrates, is to heat the substrate and roll it in powdered frit. The frit particles melt on contact with the hot substrate and adhere to its surface. This method requires a high level of operator skill and concentration to achieve an even coating, and due to its inconstant nature is not often used in industrial applications. The most common method of dry application used in industry today is electrostatic deposition.
Inorganic fillers, i.e. cordierite particles (e.g. Mg2Al3 [AlSi5O18]) or barium silicate, are added to the melted glass paste to influence properties, i.e. lowering the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between silicon and glass frit.
The choreography of the opening scene of The Nutcracker is visible in the suspended frit glass of the south pavilion facade in Benesh notation.Anonymous. "NATIONAL BALLET SCHOOL." The Canadian Architect. 1 May 2008: 44-45.
The anode compartment is typically separated from the polymerization environment by a glass frit and a conductive gel. Alternatively, a sacrificial aluminum counter electrode can be used, which is directly immersed in the reaction mixture.
Roman cast-glass plate from the 3rd century, found in Cyprus. During the Roman period, moulds consisting of two or more interlocking parts were used to create blank glass dishes. Glass could be added to the mould either by frit casting, where the mould was filled with chips of glass (called frit) and then heated to melt the glass, or by pouring molten glass into the mould.Stern, E.M., Roman Mould-blown Glass, Rome, Italy: L'Erma di Fretshneidur in association with the Toledo Museum of Art.
On February 8, 2011, the MBTA board unanimously approved a memorandum of understanding between the MBTA and FRIT, which defined the funding sources for the project. The memorandum was a "critical milestone," according to a FRIT executive. Somerville approved the project on May 2, 2011, and two days later the MBTA opened bidding for construction, which was planned to start at the end of 2011. On October 5, 2011, the MBTA announced the award of a $29,229,184 construction contract to S&R; Construction Co., Inc.
2006, "Glass Enamel for Steel Based on Diatomite Material," Glass and Ceramics 63.5-6: 170. Another type of frit can be used as a biomaterial, which is a material made to become a part of, or to come into intimate contact with, one or more living organisms. Molten soda-lime-silica glass can be "poured into water to obtain a frit", which is then ground to a powder.C. Vitale-Brovarone, et al., 2008, "Biocompatible Glass-Ceramic Materials for Bone Substitution," Journal of Materials Science 19: 472.
Frit compression is the technique used to fabricate buckypaper and buckydiscs from a suspension of carbon nanotubes in a solvent. This is a quick, efficient method over surfactant-casting or acid oxidation filtration of carbon nanotubes.
A frit compression system for casting buckypaper An alternative casting method was developed in 2008 to produce buckypaper that did not require the use of surfactants or the acid oxidation of carbon nanotubes in order to obtain high-purity buckypaper for biomedical applications. The frit-compression system was adapted from a Solid phase extraction (SPE) column, where a suspension of carbon nanotubes is squeezed between two polypropylene frits (70 micrometre pore diameter) inside a syringe column. The pore structure of the frit allows a rapid exit of the solvent leaving the carbon nanotubes to be pressed together. The presence of the solvent controls the interaction between the tubes allowing the formation of tube-tube junctions; its surface tension directly affects the overlap of adjoining nanotubes thus gaining control over the porosity and pore diameter distribution of buckypaper.
During cooling down under pressure a mechanically strong and hermetically sealed wafer bond is formed. The cooling process leads especially at higher temperatures to thermal stress in the glass frit layer that has to be considered in the lifetime analysis of the bond frame. The wafer pair is removed from the bond chamber at lower temperatures to prevent thermal cracking of the wafers or the bond interface by thermal shocks. The bonding strength is mainly dependent on the density, the spreading area of the glass frit layer and the surface layer of the bonding interface.
In continuous flow fast atom bombardment (CF-FAB), the sample is introduced into the mass spectrometer insertion probe through a small diameter capillary. (CF)-FAB was developed to minimize the problem of poor detection sensitivity that is caused by an excess of the matrix background that results in a high matrix-to-sample ratio. When a metal frit is used to disperse the liquid on the probe, the technique is known as frit FAB. Samples can be introduced by flow injection, microdialysis, or by coupling with liquid chromatography.
The tile is made of Egyptian blue frit and likely represents Egyptian Horus, but in the Persian context suggests local association with the Avestan varəγna or the royal eagle of the Achaemenids.A. Shapur Shahbazi, DERAFŠ, Encyclopedia Iranica (1994, 2011).
For more demanding applications, the filter paper in the latter two may be replaced with a sintered glass frit. Separatory funnels are used in liquid-liquid extractions. The Tullgren funnel is used to collect arthropods from plant litter or similar material.
It was used in antiquity as a blue pigment to color a variety of different media such as stone, wood, plaster, papyrus, and canvas, and in the production of numerous objects, including cylinder seals, beads, scarabs, inlays, pots, and statuettes. Sometimes, it is referred to in Egyptological literature as blue frit. Some have argued that this is an erroneous term that should be reserved for use to describe the initial phase of glass or glaze production, while others argue that Egyptian blue is a frit in both the fine and coarse form since it is a product of solid state reaction.
A frit is a ceramic composition that has been fused, quenched, and granulated. Frits form an important part of the batches used in compounding enamels and ceramic glazes; the purpose of this pre-fusion is to render any soluble and/or toxic components insoluble by causing them to combine with silica and other added oxides.Dictionary of Ceramics (3rd Edition) Edited by Dodd, A. Murfin, D. Institute of Materials. 1994. However, not all glass that is fused and quenched in water is frit, as this method of cooling down very hot glass is also widely used in glass manufacture.
These powders can be used as "scaffolds for bone substitutions". Also, certain frits can be added to high-tech ceramics: such frits are made by milling zinc oxide (ZnO) and boric acid (H3BO3) with zirconium (Zr) beads, then heating this mixture to 1100 °C, quenching it, and grinding it.J. Liang and W. Lu (in press) 2009, "Microwave Dielectric Properties of Li2TiO3 Ceramics Doped with ZnO-B2O3 Frit," Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1. This frit is then added to a lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) ceramic powder, which enables the ceramic to sinter at a lower temperature while still keeping its “microwave dielectric properties.
The solvents are used to adjust the viscosity of the organic binder. Several glass frit pastes are commercially available, e.g. FERRO FX-11-0366, and every single one need individual handling after deposition. The choice of the paste depends on various factors, i.e.
She continued to edit Frit Danmark until it closed in 1982. Her political views veered from conservative to left wing. Fleron was also active in the movement against the Vietnam War. In 1972, she received the PH-Prize for her anti-war activities.
Famous manufacturers of the 18th century included Sèvres in France, and at Chelsea, Derby, Bow, Worcester and Longton Hall in England.Potter and Ceramics. Rosethal E. Pelican Books. 1949 At least one frit porcelain remains in production at Belleek, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.
21 for the frit based compositions and 1200 to 1250 °C for those using feldspars or nepheline syenites as the primary flux. The lower firing temperature gives artists and manufacturers some benefits, including a wider palette of colours for decoration and reduced fuel consumption.
Egyptian faience ushabti of Lady Sati. New Kingdom, Dynasty XVIII, reign of Amenhotep III, c. 1390-1352 BC. Possibly from Saqqara. lotus and grapes Egyptian faience (natively called tjehenet; modern archeological terms include sintered quartz, glazed frit, and glazed composition) is not, technically, faience.
The purpose of a scrubber or gas-washing bottle is to scrub the gas such that the liquid absorbs one (or more) of the gaseous components to remove it from the gas stream, effectively purifying the gas stream. Because frits are made up of particles of glass that are bonded together by small contact areas, they are not normally used in strongly alkaline conditions, as these can dissolve the glass to some extent. This is not normally a problem, as the amount dissolved is usually minute, but the equally minute bonds in a frit can be dissolved away by strong alkalis, causing the frit to fall apart over time.
It compares to the Labour Students in the UK. After peaking in the 1950s and 1960s, it was struck by the radicalization of the political left among Danish students. As in Germany and Sweden, several members left for radical movements on the left, but in opposition to the or the , Frit Forum survived, primarily as a result of being merged with the social democratic youth organization DSU in 1973. In 2003, this caused a conflict within the organization, as the DSU felt Frit Forum was not fulfilling its obligations at the universities. Instead, they threatened to launch a new social democratic Student network, called SSN.
In December 1942, she was contacted by Ole Kiilerich, an earlier colleague who worked on the clandestine paper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) Founded the previous April, it had become one of the country's leading anti-German publications. As several of those working on the paper had already been arrested and Kiilerich feared the same fate, he asked Fleron to take his place as a conservative contributor. Her work consisted of assembling information and writing articles but, under the codename Frøken Krog, her duties soon extended to coordinating resistance members and parachuting groups. In spring 1944, she began editing Frit Danmark's weekly news sheet while she also published her book 29.
The Fedwire is real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system that operates from 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time (ET) to 6:30 p.m and allows its subscribing 11,000 institutions to transfer funds. The Fedwire service is operated by the Federal Reserve Information Technology (FRIT) facility at EROC.
At the end of the 1970s and into the early 1980s, Colruyt launched various businesses with varying success. Examples include an auto rental agency, selling wooden homes of Finlandia Hus, 'Auto Frit' mobile chip stalls and 'Green Pepper' self-service restaurants. These businesses were suspended in the mid-1980s.
Traditional quarry tile was unglazed and either red or gray; however, modern "decorator" tiles come in a variety of tints and finishes. Industrial quarry tile is available with abrasive frit embedded in the surface to provide a non-slip finish in wet areas such as commercial kitchens and laboratories.
It is high enough, around 20 MPa, for most applications and comparable to those achieved with anodic bonding. The hermeticity ensures the correct function and a sufficient reliability of the bond and therefore the product. Further, the bonding yield of glass frit bonded wafers is very high, normally > 90 %.
One theory from the detectives was that the bomb was an act of revenge from the neo-Nazis.PET-kommissionens Beretning, bind 11, side 251-252. An organisation called Free Denmark K12 (Frit Danmark K12) claimed responsibility in a letter. This organisation also sent threat letters to five other Danes.
Material evidence and narrative sources : interdisciplinary studies of the history of the Muslim Middle East. OCLC 903185722. After drying, the frit body was then covered in a layer of white slip. Monochrome and polychrome underglaze with stains of either copper (turquoise), cobalt (blue) or manganese (purplish-brown) were then applied.
When used with filter paper, filter funnels, Buchner and Hirsch funnels can be used to remove fine particles from a liquid in a process called filtration. For more demanding applications, the filter paper in the latter two may be replaced with a sintered glass frit. Separatory funnels are used in liquid-liquid extractions.
The reason for their addition would have been to release alkali into the matrix on firing, which would "accelerate vitrification at a relatively low firing temperature, and thus increase the hardness and density of the [ceramic] body." Iznik pottery was produced in Ottoman Turkey beginning in the last quarter of 15th century AD. It consists of a body, slip, and glaze, where the body and glaze are 'quartz-frit'. The 'frits' in both cases "are unusual in that they contain lead oxide as well as soda"; the lead oxide would help reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic. Microscopic analysis reveals that the material that has been labeled 'frit' is 'interstitial glass' which serves to connect the quartz particles.
A sintered glass filter connected to an Erlenmeyer flask Fritted glass is finely porous glass through which gas or liquid may pass. It is made by sintering together glass particles into a solid but porous body. This porous glass body can be called a frit. Applications in laboratory glassware include use in fritted glass filter items, scrubbers, or spargers.
Michael S. Tite argues that this glass was added as frit and that the interstitial glass formed on firing.Tite 1989, 121. İznik dish The 15th century saw the finest period of the Hispano-Moresque ware of Valencia, produced by largely Muslim potters in a Christian kingdom, though the southern industry centred on Málaga had ended by the mid-century.
The column is a glass or plastic cylinder packed with beads of resin and filled with buffer solution. It is normally mounted vertically with the buffer flowing downward from top to bottom. A glass frit at the bottom of the column retains the resin beads in the column while allowing the buffer and dissolved proteins to exit.
This mixture of silica and fluxes is called a frit. Color-producing minerals, such as cobalt, were added in the final glaze formulations. This was then painted onto the bisque-fired bricks and fired to a higher temperature in a glaze firing. After the glaze firing, the bricks were assembled, leaving narrow horizontal seams from one to six millimeters.
The compositions of frits and glasses recovered from Amarna do not agree in a way that would imply frits were the immediate precursors of glasses: the frits have lower concentrations of soda and lime and higher concentrations of cobalt and alumina than the glasses have.Tite et al. 1998, 116. Scholars have suggested several potential connections between frit and faience. Kühne proposes that frit may have acted as the “binding agent for faience” and suggests that this binder was composed predominantly of silica, alkali and copper with minor concentrations of alkali earths and tin.A. Kaczmarczyk and C. Lahanier 1985, "Ancient Egyptian Frits and Colored Faience Bodies: Problems of Classification," In: P.A. England and L. Van Zelst (eds.), Application of Science in Examination of Works of Art, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 97.
Fritware refers to a type of pottery which was first developed in the Near East, where production is dated to the late first millennium AD through the second millennium AD. Frit was a significant ingredient. A recipe for “fritware” dating to c. 1300 AD written by Abu’l Qasim reports that the ratio of quartz to “frit-glass” to white clay is 10:1:1.A.K. Bernsted 2003, Early Islamic Pottery: Materials and Techniques, London: Archetype Publications Ltd., 25; R.B. Mason and M.S. Tite 1994, "The Beginnings of Islamic Stonepaste Technology," Archaeometry 36.1: 77 This type of pottery has also been referred to as “stonepaste” and “faience” among other names.Mason and Tite 1994, 77. A ninth-century corpus of “proto-stonepaste” from Baghdad has “relict glass fragments” in its fabric.Mason and Tite 1994, 79-80.
Fritware, also known as stone-paste, is a type of pottery in which frit (ground glass) is added to clay to reduce its fusion temperature. The mixture may include quartz or other siliceous material. An organic compound such as gum or glue may be added for binding. The resulting mixture can be fired at a lower temperature than clay alone.
Her first novel, Et frit forhold, was issued anonymously in 1892. Her novel Eli (1912) was translated into Dutch in 1915, and into Swedish in 1916. Other novels were Mot Solen (1915), Gaaden. Efter Præstedatteren Else Marie Lindes Optegnelser (1916), Mens dansen gaar (1920), I huldreskog (1922), Naar heggen blomstrer (1923), Grågubben (1925), Trollheimen (1927), Helenes historie (1929) and Hildring (1931).
The BDO Corporate Center designed by the architectural firms Arquitectonica and FSL& Associates, Co. The firm designed the BDO Corporate Center attained it Gold LEED certification for the building. Double glazed curtain walls, with ceramic frit are among the prominent features of the building. The 47-storey building was built on top of an already existing shopping mall building of The Podium.
The Chloropidae are a family of flies commonly known as frit flies or grass flies. About 2000 described species are in over 160 genera distributed worldwide. These are usually very small flies, yellow or black and appearing shiny due to the virtual absence of any hairs. The majority of the larvae are phytophagous, mainly on grasses, and can be major pests of cereals.
Analytes are bound to the frit based on their affinities and all other nonspecific molecules are rinsed away. The specific targets are then eluted on to a mass spectrometer target plate with a MALDI matrix. However, proteins may be digested prior to ms analysis. A MALDI-TOF-MS later follows and targeted analytes are detected based on their m/z values.
The Wellsville Historical Society (n.d.). In 1836, a foundry was opened at Wellsville to make steamboat machinery. It later became known as the Stevenson Company and produced brick-making machinery. Now it is a Fabrication and Machine Shop whose major function is building all types of Processing Equipment for the Ceramic, Porcelain Enamel (Frit Grinding), Paint, and Chemical Manufacturing Industries.
An Akkadian text from Assurbanipal’s library at Nineveh suggests that a frit-like substance was an intermediate material in the production of raw glass.A.L. Oppenheim et al. (eds.) 1970, Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia, Corning: The Corning Museum of Glass, 22-23, 118. This intermediate step would have followed the grinding and mixing of the raw materials used to make glass.
Filtration is most easily accomplished using a syringe filter. PTFE filters tend to be most chemically resistant; nylon filters are less so. Using a cannula, a filter stick Air-free technique#Gallery may be used. A filter stick is a short length of glass tubing sealed on one end with a septum, and sealed on the other with filter paper, or a sintered glass frit.
Born in Hillerød on 20 January 1919, Aase Dilling Larsen was the daughter of the haulier Hjalmar Dilling Larsen (1892–1972) and Jessie Petra Marie Thomsen (1893–1987). After matriculating from Frederiksborg Latin School, she served an apprenticeship with Copenhagen Libraires becoming a librarian in 1944. During the German occupation of Denmark, she was active in the Danish resistance as a member of Frit Danmark's libraries group.
Saint-Cloud manufactory soft porcelain bowl, with blue decoration under glaze, 1700-1710. There were early attempts by European potters to replicate Chinese porcelain when its composition was little understood and its constituents were not widely available in the West. The earliest formulations were mixtures of clay and ground-up glass (frit). Soapstone (steatite) and lime are also known to have been included in some compositions.
Egyptian pendant of lions or Apis Bull. The Walters Art Museum. The term faience broadly encompassed finely glazed ceramic beads, figures and other small objects found in Egypt as early as 4000 BC, as well as in the Ancient Near East, the Indus Valley Civilisation and Europe. However, this material is not pottery at all, containing no clay, but a vitreous frit, either self-glazing or glazed.
The resulting material is strong, white and translucent, and resonates when struck. It is fired at a medium temperature, up to , which gives it a much better body than soft-paste objects with a glassy frit. The firing temperature is lower than for true porcelain, so more metal oxides can retain their composition and bond to the surface. This gives a wider range of colors for decoration.
Natural Resources Wales would like the raised bog to occupy about 65% of the site and marshy grassland about 15%. Scrub and woodland would be restricted to 20%. Locally native trees, such as willow, of all ages would dominate the woodland, and dead wood can provide an environment for birds, invertebrates, and fungi. The site could also include the Bagous frit weevil and the black bog ant.
But analysis of a wide array of Egyptian frits contradicts the binder composition that Kühne offers.Kaczmarczyk and Lahanier 1985, 97. Vandiver and Kingery argue that one method of producing a faience glaze was to “frit or melt the glaze constituents to form a glass,” then grind the glass and form a slurry in water, and finally apply the glaze “by dipping or painting.”P.
A column is prepared by packing a solid absorbent into a cylindrical glass or plastic tube. The size will depend on the amount of compound being isolated. The base of the tube contains a filter, either a cotton or glass wool plug, or glass frit to hold the solid phase in place. A solvent reservoir may be attached at the top of the column.
On the Turin Canon he is credited with a 26-year-long reign and was succeeded by his namesake Nebiryraw II, who may have been his son., pp. 155, 202 All the seals issued by Nebiryraw were made of clay or frit rather than the usual steatite which implies there were no mining expeditions dispatched to the Eastern Desert region of Egypt during his reign.Ryholt, pp.
Planché disappeared from the scene almost at once, and the business was developed by Duesbury and Heath, and later Duesbury alone. A talented entrepreneur, Duesbury developed a new body which contained glass frit, soapstone and calcined bone. This enabled the factory to begin producing high-quality tableware. He quickly established Derby as a leading manufacturer of dinner services and figurines by employing the best talents available for modelling and painting.
A glaze is then applied on the surface to harden the object. Fritware was invented to give a strong white body, which, combined with tin-glazing of the surface, allowed it to approximate the result of Chinese porcelain. True porcelain was not manufactured in the Islamic world until modern times, and most fine Islamic pottery was made of fritware. Frit was also a significant component in some early European porcelains.
Lead may be introduced into glass either as an ingredient of the primary melt or added to preformed leadless glass or frit. The lead oxide used in lead glass could be obtained from a variety of sources. In Europe, galena, lead sulfide, was widely available, which could be smelted to produce metallic lead. The lead metal would be calcined to form lead oxide by roasting it and scraping off the litharge.
Glass may be cast from either billets (solid ingots), sheet, loosely stacked pieces of glass (these are usually used with a low-temperature casting, so that their boundaries remain deliberately visible afterwards) or frit, ground or powdered glass. Moulds for casting may be either re-usable ceramic moulds, or else a one-use investment mould of plaster. This mould may in turn have been formed by the lost wax process.
Natural weathering, which is also responsible for the corrosion of glasses and glazes from these three regions, is the likely reason for this absence. . At Amarna, archaeologists have found blue frit in the form of circular cakes, powder residues, and vessel fragments.Hatton, Shortland, and Tite 2008, 1592. Analysis of the microstructures and crystal sizes of these frits has allowed Hatton, Shortland, and Tite to deduce the connection among the three materials.
Larsen managed to avoid capture and went into hiding. He and the party continued its political work as part of the resistance movement, with an illegal publication against the ban on communism and an open letter to prime minister Thorvald Stauning on 20 August 1941. In January 1942, Larsen was a co-founder of the resistance organisation “Frit Danmark” (da) (lit. “A Free Denmark”) which circulated an illegal publication of the same name.
In 1900, she co-founded the unitarian Det fri Kirkesamfund (The Free Church Society), which she headed until 1925. She commented on her involvement in Højskolebladet (Folk School Paper) and Frit Vidnesbyrd (Free Testimony) as well as in newspaper articles. Above all, however, she wrote in Protestanisk Tidende (Protestant Times) which she edited from 1905 to 1918. As a result of her Unitarian interests, she soon faced opposition from the established Lutheran Church of Denmark.
Other early European soft- paste porcelain, also a frit porcelain, was produced at the Rouen manufactory in 1673, which was known for this reason as "Porcelaine française".Artificial Soft Paste Porcelain - France, Italy, Spain and England Edwin Atlee Barber p.5-6 Again, these were developed in an effort to imitate high-valued Chinese hard-paste porcelain. As these early formulations slumped in the kiln at high temperatures, they were difficult and uneconomic to use.
Chinese porcelain, which arrived in Europe before the 14th century, was much admired and expensive to purchase. Attempts were made to imitate it from the 15th century onwards but its composition was little understood. Its translucency suggested that glass might be an ingredient,Honey (1952), p.496 so many experiments combined clay with powdered glass (frit), including the porcelain made in Florence in the late 16th century under the patronage of the Medicis.
In 1702, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans gave letters-patent to the family of Pierre Chicaneau, who were said to have been making porcelain as "perfect as the Chinese" since 1693. Chicaneau's factory was a pioneer in the manufacture of porcelain in Europe, where there had been many attempts to copy Chinese porcelain. Saint-Cloud developed a frit ("a mixture of a flux, sand and chalk") which was close, although not similar, to Asian porcelain.
Anodic and silicon fusion bonding do not require an intermediate layer, but do not tolerate surface roughness. Wafer-level packaging techniques based on a bonding technique with a conductive intermediate layer (conductive split ring) restrict the bandwidth and isolation of the RF MEMS component. The most common wafer-level packaging techniques are based on anodic and glass frit wafer bonding. Wafer-level packaging techniques, enhanced with vertical interconnects, offer the opportunity of three-dimensional integration.
Kate Fleuron (1940s) Kate Fleron Jacobsen (16 June 1909 – 5 March 2006) was a Danish journalist, editor and writer who, under the German occupation of Denmark in World War II, was a resistance fighter. A contributor to the clandestine paper Frit Danmark, she assisted key resistance members who worked underground. Arrested by the Gestapo in September 1944, she escaped from the Frøslev Prison Camp in April 1945, shortly before the Liberation of Denmark.
Blue frit, also known as Egyptian blue, was made from quartz, lime, a copper compound, and an alkali flux, all heated to a temperature between 850 and 1000°C.G.D. Hatton, A.J. Shortland, and M.S. Tite 2008, "The Production Technology of Egyptian Blue and Green Frits from Second Millennium BC Egypt and Mesopotamia," Journal of Archaeological Science 35: 1591. Quartz sand may have been used to contribute silica to the frit.Tite et al.
While studying, Wammen became the chairman of the university’s Social Democrat organisation, Frit Forum.Rikke Albrechtsen (April 3, 2012), Socialist crown prince European Voice. and was first elected to its City Council in 1998. In the 2001 elections, he was elected to Parliament and served one term. After almost a full term as the party’s shadow finance minister, he pulled out of national politics and was then elected Mayor of Aarhus in 2006.
Belleek Pottery Headquarters. Belleek Pottery Ltd is a porcelain company that began trading in 1884 as the Belleek Pottery Works Company Ltd in Belleek, County Fermanagh, in what was to become Northern Ireland. The factory produces porcelain that is characterised by its thinness, slightly iridescent surface and that the body is formulated with a significant proportion of frit. Dictionary of Ceramics (3rd Edition) Edited by Dodd, A. Murfin, D. Institute of Materials. 1994.
Egyptian faience is not really faience, or pottery, at all, but made of a vitreous frit, and so closer to glass. In English 19th-century usage "faience" was often used to describe "any earthenware with relief modelling decorated with coloured glazes",Petrie, Kevin; Livingstone, Andrew, eds., The Ceramics Reader, p. 98, 2017, Bloomsbury Publishing, , 9781472584434, google books including much glazed architectural terracotta and Victorian majolica, adding a further complexity to the list of meanings of the term.
Larvae are mainly phytophages of Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Typhaceae; they develop inside the vegetative or reproductive parts, sometimes directly in the inflorescence or seeds. Some species cause the formation of unusual cigar-shaped galls on stems. Many species are known as serious pests of grain cereals. These include Oscinella frit L. and O. pusilla Mg., Chlorops pumilionis Bjerkander, Chlorops oryzae Matsumura an important pest of rice in eastern Asia and Meromyza saltatrix L., and M. nigriventris Mcq.
Based on the sufficiently high viscosity of the glass, bonding can take place nearly without pressure. The bonding temperature needs to be high enough to reduce the viscosity of the glass material and ensures a good wetting of the bond surface, but also low enough to prevent overspreading of the glass frit material. The heating up over 410 °C enables the wetting of the bond surface. A good wetting is indicated by a low edge angle.
Insulation was added behind the metal boxes in the cladding units. The atrium rising through the cube meant that cladding is needed on the interior. This will be composed of polyester powder coated aluminium mullions and transoms incorporating double glazed units, as well as polyester powder coated aluminium panels with an outer glazed panel and a ceramic frit application, which will create a consistent glossy appearance throughout the atrium. These will be bonded with structural silicone.
The inks used in digital printing on glass mimic the CMYK color model and are made of ceramic frit and inorganic pigments and elements. The development of inks is a highly controlled production process to remove any variability in the final product. The consistency in replication of the inks results in high compatibility with the entire color palette of inks. The inks can therefore be digitally mixed and designers will know the precise outcome of the color every time.
Principal item is an inductively heated melting furnace, in which the calcined waste is merged with glass frit (glass beads of 1 to 2 mm in diameter). The melt is placed into waste containers, which are welded shut, their outsides decontaminated and placed in the air- cooled Vitrified Product Store. This storage consists of 800 vertical storage tubes, each capable of storing ten containers. The total storage capacity is 8000 containers, and 6000 containers have been stored to 2016.
The glass is alkali-lime-lead-silica and, when the paste was fired or cooled, wollastonite and diopside crystals formed within the glass fragments.Mason and Tite 1994, 80. The lack of “inclusions of crushed pottery” suggests these fragments did not come from a glaze.Mason and Tite 1994, 87. The reason for their addition would have been to release alkali into the matrix on firing, which would “accelerate vitrification at a relatively low firing temperature, and thus increase the hardness and density of the [ceramic] body.” Whether these “relict glass fragments” are actually “frit” in the more ancient sense remains to be seen. Iznik pottery was produced in Ottoman Turkey as early as the 15th century AD.M.S. Tite 1989, "Iznik Pottery: An Investigation of the Methods of Production," Archaeometry 31.2: 115. It consists of a body, slip, and glaze, where the body and glaze are “quartz-frit.”Tite 1989, 120. The “frits” in both cases “are unusual in that they contain lead oxide as well as soda”; the lead oxide would help reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic.
During the Second World War and the German occupation of Denmark, he played a strategic role in the Danish resistance movement. In 1942, he helped to set up the Frit Danmark, the illegal non-partisan resistance newspaper, and became an active member of the Danish Freedom Council (Frihedsrådet) in 1943. He was arrested by the Gestapo in October 1944 but escaped in March 1945 after their headquarters in the Shell building were bombed by the Royal Air Force.Mogens Fog from Leksikon.
Highly active coatings typically contain a copper oxide, manganese oxide or cobalt oxide, and copper and manganese oxides are often used together. The binder may be a fluoropolymer or an enamel frit. In the 1990s, SRI International performed a study for Whirlpool Corporation, and changed the composition and application of the porcelain enamel surface found in ovens to one with low ionic content, and a film that makes fat into water-soluble esters. Another alternative to self cleaning ovens is steam cleaning ovens.
Bay Zinc was relatively small in comparison to Alabama-based Frit Industries, the leader, which connected one its major factories to Nucor Steel. Together eight companies processed 120 million pounds of industrial byproducts into fertilizer, roughly half of the total zinc fertilizer sold in the country (157). This trade was facilitated by state industrial material exchanges (IMEX) used by twenty-six states. Mountain—Monsanto decided in 1994 that it no longer wanted the liability of using its industrial byproducts as fertilizer.
Platinization is often conducted from water solution of 0.072 mol/kg of chloroplatinic acid and 0.00013 mol/kg of lead acetate, at a current density of 30 mA/cm2 for up to 10 minutes. The process evolves chlorine at the anode; the interaction of the chlorine with the cathode is prevented by employing a suitable separation (e.g., a glass frit). Another author recommends electroplating with the current density of 5 mA/cm2 while reversing the polarity every 30 seconds for 15 minutes.
Soft-paste porcelains date back from the early attempts by European potters to replicate Chinese porcelain by using mixtures of clay and frit. Soapstone and lime were known to have been included in these compositions. These wares were not yet actual porcelain wares as they were not hard nor vitrified by firing kaolin clay at high temperatures. As these early formulations suffered from high pyroplastic deformation, or slumping in the kiln at high temperatures, they were uneconomic to produce and of low quality.
The exact positioning of the screen print structures to the cap wafer are required to ensure an accurate bond. The bonded structures are, dependent on the wettability of the printed surface, 10 to 20% wider than the designed screen. To ensure a uniform glass thickness, all structures should have the same width. The printed glass frit high is about 30 μm and provides a gap of 5 to 10 μm between the bonded wafers after bonding (compare to cross sectional SEM images).
Glass solders are available as frit powder with grain size below 60 micrometers. They can be mixed with water or alcohol to form a paste for easy application, or with dissolved nitrocellulose or other suitable binder for adhering to the surfaces until being melted. The eventual binder has to be burned off before melting proceeds, requiring careful firing regime. The solder glass can be also applied from molten state to the area of the future joint during manufacture of the part.
Zinc oxide, bismuth trioxide, and copper(II) oxide can be added for influencing the thermal expansion; unlike the alkali oxides, these lower the softening point without increasing of thermal expansion. To achieve process temperatures beneath 450 °C leaded glass or lead silicate glass is used. The glass frit is a paste consisting glass powder, organic binder, inorganic fillers and solvents. This low melting glass paste is milled into powder (grain size < 15 μm) and mixed with organic binder forming a printable viscous paste.
Transparency and levels of translucency and opacity can be precisely manipulated. There is a high level of control over color matching, and multiple colors can be printed simultaneously. Unlike screen printing, digital ceramic printing on glass does not require screens and the files are stored digitally making printing of all sizes and replacement of any panel simple, in high resolution, full color. When using ceramic frit based inks the glass is fired or tempered to fuse the inks with the glass.
Due to the extreme temperatures of this process there is first a decomposition of organic additives and binders of the ink. Next there is a fusion of the frit to the substrate and pigments followed by the expulsion of voids to give a compacted structure. Lastly there is a formation of a surface with the desire properties. A successful firing of the glass and ceramic ink will result in a bubble free layer of constant thickness and homogeneous pigment dispersion within the glass.
1998, 114. The copper content must be greater than the lime content in order to create a blue frit.Tite et al. 1998, 112-113. Ultimately the frit consists of cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10) crystals and “partially reacted quartz particles bonded together” by interstitial glass.Hatton, Shortland, and Tite 2008, 1591. Despite an argument to the contrary, scientists have found that, regardless of alkali content, the cuprorivaite crystals develop by “nucleation or growth within a liquid or glass phase.”Pradell et al. 2006, 1430-1431.
In 1942, on behalf of the Danish Council, Rohde met the Danish ambassador Henrik Kauffmann in Washington. As a result, in 1943 she spent six months in Canada and the United States. In particular, she assisted Kauffmann with preparations for the UNRRA meeting in Atlantic City, reporting on the discussions in a lengthy article in the Danish Council's magazine Frit Danmark. While still in London, in 1944 she met Flemming Juncker who was attached to the Special Operations Executive, where he was responsible for Danish paratroopers.
France was one of the first European countries to produce soft-paste porcelain, and specifically frit porcelain, at the Rouen manufactory in 1673, which was known for this reason as "Porcelaine française".Artificial Soft Paste Porcelain – France, Italy, Spain and England Edwin Atlee Barber p.5–6 These were developed in an effort to imitate high-valued Chinese hard-paste porcelain. France however, only discovered the Chinese technique of hard-paste porcelain through the efforts of the Jesuit Father Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles between 1712 and 1722.
Jørgen Kieler during the occupation years Jørgen Kieler (23 August 1919 – 19 February 2017) was a Danish physician, remembered primarily for his participation in resistance activities under the German occupation of Denmark in the early 1940s. Together with his sister, Elsebet Kieler, he published Frit Denmark or Free Denmark, an illegal newspaper. As a member of the Holger Danske resistance group, he helped hundreds of Danish Jews to escape to Sweden and avoid extermination.Jørgen Kieler, M.D. and Elsebet Kieler from the Jewish Foundation for the Righteous.
Vitreous enamels in the different colors are ground to fine powders in an agate or porcelain mortar and pestle, then washed to remove the impurities that would discolor the fired enamel. The enamel is made from silica, niter, and lead oxide to which metallic oxides are added for coloring. These ingredients are melted together, forming a glassy frit which is ground again before application. Each color of enamel is prepared this way before it is used and then mixed with a very dilute solution of gum tragacanth.
338x338pxAn illustration of the MSIA procedure is depicted in the figure to the right. Analytes in a biological liquid sample are collected from solution by using a MSIA tip (also known as MSIA microcolumns) that contains a derivatized affinity frit. Biological samples contain various proteins that span a wide dynamic range so purification is needed to minimize the complex matrix and maximize mass spectrometry sensitivity. the MSIA tip serves as a place to purify these samples by immobilizing the analyte with high selectivity and specificity.
Several groups in the Danish resistance movement manufactured Sten guns for their own use. BOPA produced around 200 in a bicycle repair shop on Gammel Køge landevej (Old Køge road), south of Copenhagen. Holger Danske produced about 150 in workshops in Copenhagen, while employees of the construction company Monberg & Thorsen built approximately 200–300 in what is now the municipality of Gladsaxe (a suburb of Copenhagen) for use by Holger Danske and others. The resistance groups 'Frit Danmark' and 'Ringen' also built significant numbers of Stens.
The auxiliary electrode may be isolated from the working electrode using a glass frit. Such isolation prevents any byproducts generated at the auxiliary electrode from contaminating the main test solution: for example, if a reduction is being performed at the working electrode in aqueous solution, oxygen may be evolved from the auxiliary electrode. Such isolation is crucial during the bulk electrolysis of a species which exhibits reversible redox behavior. Auxiliary electrodes are often fabricated from electrochemically inert materials such as gold, platinum, or carbon.
The January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported on the execution of the eight resistance members including Hansen. On 9 July a memorial service was held for him in Vor Frue Kirke. On 29 August Hansen and 105 other victims of the occupation were given a state funeral in the memorial park founded at the execution site in Ryvangen. Bishop Hans Fuglsang-Damgaard led the service with participation from the royal family, the government and representatives of the resistance movement.
GeoMelt is a process by which dangerous, contaminated material (such as radioactive waste and heavy metals) is mixed with clean soil, a blend of industrial minerals, and/or glass frit and melted to create an extremely hard and leach-resistant glass product. Vitrification immobilizes nearly all of the inorganic contaminants (i.e., radionuclides and heavy metals) present in the initial mixture by incorporation into the glass matrix. Organic wastes in the melt are destroyed by pyrolysis, and gaseous contaminants released during the melting process are treated separately.
These concerns have led to attempts to substitute Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) in glazes that require barium carbonate. Unlike Barium carbonate, Strontium carbonate is not considered a safety hazard by the NIH. Experiments in strontium substitution tend to be successful in gloss type glazes, although there are some effects and colors produced in matte type glazes that can only be obtained through use of barium. To reduce the likelihood of leaching, barium carbonate is used in frit form and bound to silica in a 1:1 ratio.
Born on 30 March 1913 in the parish of Frejlev to the south west of Aalborg, Ellen Marie Christensen was the daughter of the farmer Peter Marinus Christensen (born 1885) and Christiane Hansen (born 1884). Brought up in a well-to-do family, after completing her school education, she trained to become a nurse. Under the German occupation, she was employed at Bispebjerg Hospital. She soon became a member of the resistance group Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) where she helped to produce and distribute illegal publications.
The cakes were produced by heating the raw materials for frit, then they were ground to make powders, and finally, the powders were molded and refired to create vessels.Hatton, Shortland, and Tite 2008, 1596. In On Architecture, the first century BC writer Vitruvius reports the production of ‘caeruleum’ (a blue pigment) at Pozzuoli, made by a method used in Alexandria, Egypt.Hatton, Shortland, and Tite 2008, 1592; Lee and Quirke 2000, 109. Vitruvius lists the raw materials for caeruleum as sand, copper filings, and ‘nitrum’ (soda).
The distribution of carbon nanotubes in solvent does not have to be a stable suspension, rather a general dispersion serves much easier to keep the nanotubes between the frits rather than pass through them. Once the system is compressed, the frit-carbon nanotube sandwich is removed from the syringe housing and allowed to dry. The frits can then be removed to leave intact buckypaper. This methodology rapidly speeds up the casting process, avoids use of surfactants and acid oxidation, and the solvent can be fully recovered.
The grave contained three bodies, a stamp-seal showing the goddess Ishtar standing on the back of a lion. This might indicate that ancient Mesopotamian religion was still being practiced within the Assyrian population during the Achaemenid rule. Other objects from the grave 811 include a bronze fibula; another earring, but gold rather than the earlier described silver; different kinds of beads of silver, agate, frit and glass; an alabastron; a bowl made of copper; and two pottery bottles. It is not clear, however, if all the items are Achaemenid in date.
Ceramic industry consumes a significant amount of zinc oxide, in particular in ceramic glaze and frit compositions. The relatively high heat capacity, thermal conductivity and high temperature stability of ZnO coupled with a comparatively low coefficient of expansion are desirable properties in the production of ceramics. ZnO affects the melting point and optical properties of the glazes, enamels, and ceramic formulations. Zinc oxide as a low expansion, secondary flux improves the elasticity of glazes by reducing the change in viscosity as a function of temperature and helps prevent crazing and shivering.
Among his many portraits, some focused on the face, others as half figures, are those of the archaeologist Peter Vilhelm Glob (1979) and the architect Steen Eiler Rasmussen (1988). Under the German occupation during the Second World War, Nellemose was a member of the Frit Danmark resistance group. As a result, he received many commissions for war memorials including those for Silkeborg (1946) and for the 4th of May Dormitory in Aarhus (1953). His Erindring (Remembrance) from 1987 is a striking representation of a prisoner from a concentration camp.
Many devices are molded out of an epoxy plastic that provides adequate protection of the semiconductor devices, and mechanical strength to support the leads and handling of the package. Some devices, intended for high-reliability or aerospace or radiation environments, use ceramic packages, with metal lids that are brazed on after assembly, or a glass frit seal. All-metal packages are often used with high power (several watts or more) devices, since they conduct heat well and allow for easy assembly to a heat sink. Often the package forms one contact for the semiconductor device.
Other laboratory applications of fritted glass include packing in chromatography columns and resin beds for special chemical synthesis. In a fritted glass filter, a disc or pane of fritted glass is used to filter out solid particles, precipitate, or residue from a fluid, similar to a piece of filter paper. The fluid can go through the pores in the fritted glass, but the frit will often stop a solid from going through. A fritted filter is often part of a glassware item, so fritted glass funnels and fritted glass crucibles are available.
The Social Democratic Youth of Denmark (, DSU) is the national youth wing of the Danish Social Democrats. It is not to be confused with Frit Forum, which is for those in higher education, and whose membership is not restricted by age, unlike the DSU. The organisation is autonomous from the Social Democrats and as such is entitled to formulate its own policies and devise its own campaigns. The Social Democratic Youth movement was established in 1920 after a break-up of the former youth organisation, the Social Democratic Youth League (', SUF).
Following their invasion of Denmark in 1940, the Germans did not confiscate the population's radios, removing much of the need for underground media. Only with the 1941 banning of the Communist Party of Denmark did a significant underground press emerge, with the illegal continued publishing of the Communist Party's paper Land og Folk. At its height, Land og Folk reached a circulation of 130,000, and was the largest underground newspaper in Denmark throughout the German occupation. In respectively December 1941 and April 1942 the major bipartisan papers De Frie Danske and Frit Danmark followed.
On the north side of Assembly Square is the Mystic River. From Route 28 to the MBTA Orange Line and Haverhill Line tracks is the waterfront Sylvester Baxter Riverfront Park. This was redeveloped as part of Assembly Square construction, and enlarged with a land swap between FRIT and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). DCR also owns the existing Draw 7 Park, which lies on a narrow strip next to the Mystic River as it curves southward between the Orange Line and the Newburyport/Rockport Line Commuter Rail tracks.
Their arrangement reflected the five phyles of the priesthood that maintained the mortuary cult. alt=Photograph of a statuette Inside the storage magazines, significant collections of papyri, constituting the third Abusir temple archives, were unearthed. These provide a wealth of information regarding the daily operation of the mortuary cult and life in the Abusir pyramid complexes. Besides the papyri, frit tablets – depicting gods and the king, alongside gold leaf covered hieroglyphic inscriptions –, faience ornaments, stone vessels – variously of diorite, alabaster, gabro, limestone and basalt – flint knives and other remains were also discovered.
By a related technique, the ancient Egyptians produced a pigment known as Egyptian blue, also called blue frit, which is produced by fusing (or sintering) silica, copper, lime, and an alkali such as natron. The product can be ground up and used as a pigment. The ancient Egyptians could fabricate a wide variety of objects from glass with great skill, but it is not clear whether they developed the process independently. It is also unclear whether they made their own raw glass or merely imported pre-made ingots, which they melted and finished.
Adding cloisons according to the pattern previously transferred to the workpiece Adding frit with dropper after sintering cloisons. Upon completion the piece will be fired, then ground (repeating as necessary) then polished and electroplated First the object to be decorated is made or obtained; this will normally be made by different craftspeople. The metal usually used for making the body is copper, since it is cheap, light and easily hammered and stretched, but gold, silver or other metals may be used. Cloisonné wire is made from fine silver or fine gold and is usually about .
The January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported on the execution of the eight resistance members including Jensen. After the liberation Jensen's remains and those of at least six of the others executed with him were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen. On 29 June 1945 Jensen was buried in Hadsund. A memorial stone for Jensen and 90 other resistance members also exhumed in Ryvangen and buried in their respective home towns was laid down in Ryvangen Memorial Park.
Boiled and dried, the rough horsetail plant is used in Japan as a traditional polishing material, finer than sandpaper. Glass paper was manufactured in London in 1833 by John Oakey, whose company had developed new adhesive techniques and processes, enabling mass production. Glass frit has sharp-edged particles and cuts well whereas sand grains are smoothed down and do not work well as an abrasive. Cheap sandpaper was often passed off as glass paper; Stalker and Parker cautioned against it in A Treatise of Japaning and Varnishing published in 1688.
Thaumatomyia notata male fanning its wings to disperse pheromones from abdominal sacs Thaumatomyia notata, the yellow swarming fly, is a species of 'frit flies' or 'grass flies' belonging to the family Chloropidae subfamily Chloropinae. This species is present in most of Europe, in the Afrotropical realm, in the Near East, in North Africa, and in the Indomalayan realm. The adults grow up to long. The thorax and the eyes margins are bright yellow, mesonotum shows brown longitudinal bands and yellow stripes, the abdomen is yellow with large horizontal brown stripes.
Ammundsen began her career as in 1940 in the library at the Foreign Ministry. The following year, she took up employment as a librarian at the Royal Agricultural College. In World War II, when her husband was arrested by the Germans in 1942, she continued his clandestine work and in 1946–1947 served as secretary of the Copenhagen branch of the resistance group Frit Danmark (Free Denmark). In 1957, she was appointed head of the Danish Technical Library, bringing it into an exemplary position among Denmark's research libraries.
Afterwards, she ended up studying acting in New York, and doing other ventures such as voiceover work, and writing for other artists (such as Mikkel Solnado's album It's Only Love, Give It Away). She collaborated with producer Holbek (alias Steen Rock) on the song “Hudløs” from his album Frit Løb in 2011. The following year, she announced she was working on some new music, and her three-track EP Oh So Full of Promise was released in early 2013. Next To You, written by Maria and produced by Chris Colonna from The Bumblebeez, was featured in the 80th-anniversary campaign for Lacoste.
A hybrid integrated circuit Multiple semiconductor dies and discrete components can be assembled on a ceramic substrate and interconnected with wire bonds. The substrate bears leads for connection to an external circuit, and the whole is covered with a welded or frit cover. Such devices are used when requirements exceed the performance (heat dissipation, noise, voltage rating, leakage current, or other properties) available in a single-die integrated circuit, or for mixing analog and digital functions in the same package. Such packages are relatively expensive to manufacture, but provide most of the other benefits of integrated circuits.
Lund began her resistance work in 1942, two years after the German invasion of Denmark, when she was 20 years old. Her work initially consisted of publishing illegal underground newspapers with her sister, Ulla. Lund worked for Frit Danmark (Free Denmark), a voguish clandestine newspaper, which would go on to publish over six million copies by the end of World War II. After the collapse of the Danish government, Lund went on to join Holger Danske, a sabotage-oriented Resistance group. Upon joining the Holger Danske resistance group, she became responsible for fishing boats that would secretly bring Jews to safety.
Wafer-level packaging is implemented before wafer dicing, as shown in Fig. 3(a), and is based on anodic, metal diffusion, metal eutectic, glass frit, polymer adhesive, and silicon fusion wafer bonding. The selection of a wafer-level packaging technique is based on balancing the thermal expansion coefficients of the material layers of the RF MEMS component and those of the substrates to minimize the wafer bow and the residual stress, as well as on alignment and hermeticity requirements. Figures of merit for wafer-level packaging techniques are chip size, hermeticity, processing temperature, (in)tolerance to alignment errors and surface roughness.
Møller was elected as a Conservative member of the Folketing and in 1928 became leader of his party, a role he still held at the beginning of the Second World War. After the German occupation of Denmark, he joined a coalition cabinet, but in October 1940, following German pressure, he was forced to resign from the government, as the German authorities felt he was too negative towards them. Three months later, in 1941, he was forced to abandon his seat in parliament altogether for the same reason. He was then instrumental in founding the underground newspaper Frit Danmark.
Engestofte Estate with the private Wichfeld family burial plot in the foreground After the outbreak of World War II Wichfeld's family was forced to leave Italy when Mussolini ordered British citizens leave the country in 1941. She returned to Engestofte in Denmark, and began to actively seek out supporters of the Danish resistance. In the summer of 1942 she rented a cottage at Engestofte to journalist Hilmar Wulff and his wife along with dissident poet Halfdan Rasmussen. All three were members of the Danish Communist Party and Wulff was the editor of two underground newspapers Frit Denmark (Free Denmark) and Land og Folk (Land and People).
Firing, where coated substrates are passed through a furnace to experience long periods of stable high temperatures, converts the adhering particles of frit into a continuous glass layer. The effectiveness of the process is highly dependent on the time, temperature, and the quality or thickness of the coating on the substrate. Most frits for industrial applications are fired for as low as 20 minutes, but frits for very heavy-duty industrial applications may take double this time. Porcelain enamel coatings on aluminium substrates may be fired at temperatures as low as 530°C, but most steel substrates require temperatures in excess of 800°C.
The property owner and lead developer for both Assembly Row and Assembly Square Marketplace is Federal Realty Investment Trust (FRIT), a Maryland-based real estate investment trust. The first Legoland Discovery Centre in New England and seventh in the United States is located on the property. The indoor family entertainment center based on Lego construction toys is housed in a space opened in Spring 2014. In addition to Legoland, Nike has signed a deal to open a store at Assembly, as did the French cookware maker Le Creuset. Other retailers will include Brooks Brothers, women’s clothier Chico's, and the ice cream shop J.P. Licks.
Although it appears that no glass was intentionally produced in Egypt before the Eighteenth Dynasty (as the establishment of glass manufacture is generally attributed to the reign of Thutmose III), it is likely that faience, frit and glass were all made in close proximity or in the same workshop complex, since developments in one industry are reflected in others. Such close relationship is reflected in the prominent similarity of the formulations of faience glaze and contemporary glass compositions. Despite the differences in the pyrotechnology of glass and faience, faience being worked cold, archaeological evidence suggests that New Kingdom glass and faience production was undertaken in the same workshops.
The January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported on the execution of the eight resistance members including Gjessing. After the liberation Gjessing's remains and those of at least six of the others executed with him were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen. On 29 August 1945 Gjessing and 105 other victims of the occupation were given a state funeral in the memorial park founded at the execution site in Ryvangen. Bishop Hans Fuglsang-Damgaard led the service with participation from the royal family, the government and representatives of the resistance movement.
The January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported on the execution of the eight resistance members including Balslev. After the liberation Balslev's remains and those of at least six of the others executed with him were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen. On 29 August 1945 Balslev and 105 other victims of the occupation were given a state funeral in the memorial park founded at the execution site in Ryvangen. Bishop Hans Fuglsang-Damgaard led the service with participation from the royal family, the government and representatives of the resistance movement.
In 1942, Møller fled with his family to England, where he hoped to become part of a Danish government in exile. However, his most important role in London proved to be as a broadcaster for BBC Radio's Danish language service aimed at occupied Denmark. He spoke out against the Danish government's collaborative stance towards the Germans and encouraged sabotage and other resistance activities, becoming enormously popular as a result. On 2 October 1943, an article by Christmas Møller appeared in Frit Danmark which urged all Danes to do what they could to help their Jewish fellow citizens who had gone into hiding from the Nazis' planned roundup.
This is made from a hard white frit paste coated with transparent alkaline glaze. Hispano-Moresque ware emerged in Al-Andaluz in the 13th century, probably after potters escaped the instability after the fall of the Fatimids. It introduced lustreware manufacture to Europe and from the start was widely exported to the elites of Christian kingdoms. The first centre was Málaga, producing wares in traditional Islamic styles, but from the 13th century Muslim potters migrated to the reconquered Christian city of Valencia, outlying suburbs of which such as Manises and Paterna became the most important centres, manufacturing mainly for Christian markets in styles increasingly influenced by European decoration, though retaining a distinct character.
On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the execution of several members of the Hvidsten group. Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Iversen and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed. On 5 July 1945 Iversen's remains and those of five others from the group were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen. The remains of the two remaining executed members of the group, Marius Fiil and his son Niels had been found in the same area three days before.
On 15 July 1944, De frie Danske reported on the execution of several members of the Hvidsten group. Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Andersen and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed. On 5 July 1945 Andersen's remains and those of five others from the group were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the University of Copenhagen. The remains of the two remaining executed members of the group, Marius Fiil and his son Niels, had been found in the same area three days before.
On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the execution of several members of the Hvidsten group. Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Kjær and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed. On 5 July 1945 Kjær's remains and those of five others from the group were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen. The remains of the two remaining executed members of the group, Marius Fiil and his son Niels had been found in the same area three days before.
Butterfly design furnace Beehive design furnace Besides the descriptions of Theophilus and Agricola, the only depiction of an early forest glasshouse is from Bohemia in approximately 1380 (The Mandeville Miniature). This shows a furnace where all the high temperature processes of glassmaking were performed in the one structure containing several ovens whose varying temperatures might be controlled to the necessary extent by constant attention. The raw materials are mixed at a pit nearby and carried down in pans to be fritted in one of the ovens, optimum temperature up to 1100 °C. The frit is melted at high temperature up to 1400 °C in crucibles in a second oven, and when ready, the glass is being blown into objects.
The January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported on the execution of the eight resistance members including Rydder. On 22 June 1945 the remains of Rydder were found in Ryvangen and the same day an inquest in the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen showed that he died from four gunshot wounds in the chest. The remains of at least six of the others executed with him were likewise exhumed in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine. On 26 June 1945 Rydder as well as Børge Johannes Lauritsen, who was executed with him and like him born in Års, were buried in their home town.
The January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported on the execution of the eight resistance members including Lauritsen. On 22 June 1945 the remains of Lauritsen were found in Ryvangen and the same day an inquest in the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen showed that he died from three gunshot wounds in the chest. The remains of at least six of the others executed with him were likewise exhumed in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine. On 26 June 1945 Lauritsen as well as Jørgen Rydder, who was executed with him and like him born in Års, were buried in their home town.
Construction work in January 2013 Platform construction in December 2013 Headhouse construction in January 2014 Construction was estimated to cost up to $57 million, of which $22 million (plus an optional $3.5 million extra) was from the state's Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development. The remaining cost was divided between federal funding including the FTA Section 5309 New Starts program ($16 million) and the developer of Assembly Square ($15 million), Federal Realty Investment Trust (FRIT). The area around the station formerly hosted a Ford automobile assembly plant, which used the adjacent Haverhill Line for rail access. Although the plant is long gone, the Assembly Square name is a reference to the site's history.
"Triplex" glass laminating, however, had been available for windshields in France from 1911 and in Britain from 1912; it was adopted as an accessory by some high-end American auto manufacturers beginning in 1913, and from 1919 to 1929 Henry Ford ordered the use of laminated glass on all of his vehicles. Modern, glued-in windshields contribute to the vehicle's rigidity, but the main force for innovation has historically been the need to prevent injury from sharp glass fragments. Almost all nations now require windshields to stay in one piece even if broken, except if pierced by a strong force. The urethane sealant is protected from UV in sunlight by a band of dark dots called a frit around the edge of the windshield.
This memorial was completed on 12 October 1947 and was constructed at the instruction of Antonio Cardona Riera who was the Bishop of Ibiza between 2 February 1950 to 28 March 1960. The memorial and Christ statue was constructed to commemorate and to give thanks to the local population for giving sanctuary and a place of hiding to Antonio Cardona Riera, known on the island as Frit, during the Spanish Civil War. The late summer of 1936 saw a period of time during the conflict when Ibiza churches had become a target of hate and were set alight and priests were being killed. Following the military rebellion on Ibiza by the Nationalist the island had been re-captured by the Republicans under the leadership of Alberto Bayo.
Moulds could facilitate mass production of faience objects such as amulets rings and inlays, as evidenced by the several thousand of small open face, earth-ware clay molds excavated at Tell el Amarna. Falcon, Ptolemaic period, 13.5 cm high, see text Wheel throwing, possibly occurring from the New Kingdom onwards, is certainly established by the Greco-Roman period, when large amounts of clay seem to have been added to the faience body. Because of the limited plasticity of faience, rendering throwing extremely difficult, a progressive increase of clay in the faience bodies culminating in the quartz, clay and glass frit bodies of Islamic times, is observed in the archaeological record.Kiefer, C. 1968 Les céramiques blues, pharanoiques et leur procédé révolutionnaire d'emaillage.
Research Triangle Park: International Lead Management Center, 2002. International Lead Management Center Lead used in the manufacture of commercial glazes are molecularly bound to silica in a 1:1 ratio, or included in frit form, to ensure stabilization and reduce the risk of leaching. In polluted environments, nitrogen dioxide reacts with water () to produce nitrous acid () and nitric acid (). \+ 2 → + Soluble Lead(II) nitrate () forms when lead(II) oxide (PbO) of leaded glazes is exposed to nitric acid () PbO + 2 → + Because lead exposure is strongly linked to a variety of health problems, collectively referred to as lead poisoning, the disposal of leaded glass (chiefly in the form of discarded CRT displays) and lead-glazed ceramics is subject to toxic waste regulations.
It has also been found that Triton X can lead to cell lysis and in turn tissue inflammatory responses even at low concentrations. In order to avoid adverse side-effects from the possible presence of surfactants, an alternative casting process can be used involving a frit compression method that did not require the use of surfactants or surface modification. The dimensions can be controlled through the size of the syringe housing and through the mass of carbon nanotubes added. Their thicknesses are typically much larger than surfactant-cast buckypaper and have been synthesized from 120 μm up to 650 μm; whilst no nomenclature system exists to govern thicknesses for samples to be classified as paper, samples with thicknesses greater than 500 μm are referred to as buckydiscs.
The frit compression method allows rapid casting of buckypaper and buckydiscs with recovery of the casting solvent and control over the 2D and 3D geometry. Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) growth has been used in CNT film synthesis through the domino effect. In this process, "forests" of MWNTs are pushed flat in a single direction, compressing their vertical orientation into the horizontal plane, which results in the formation of high-purity buckypaper with no further purification or treatment required. By comparison, when a buckypaper sample was formed from the 1 ton compression of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) generated MWNT powder, any application of a solvent led to the immediate swelling of the film till it reverted into particulate matter.
The components discussed in this article are based on RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors. These components can be used instead of FET and HEMT switches (FET and HEMT transistors in common gate configuration), and PIN diodes. RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors are classified by actuation method (electrostatic, electrothermal, magnetostatic, piezoelectric), by axis of deflection (lateral, vertical), by circuit configuration (series, shunt), by clamp configuration (cantilever, fixed-fixed beam), or by contact interface (capacitive, ohmic). Electrostatically-actuated RF MEMS components offer low insertion loss and high isolation, linearity, power handling and Q factor, do not consume power, but require a high control voltage and hermetic single-chip packaging (thin film capping, LCP or LTCC packaging) or wafer-level packaging (anodic or glass frit wafer bonding).
The Northern and Middle English word (also , , , and "seely"), and the Scots form , meaning "happy", "lucky" or "blessed" and meaning "unhappy", "misfortunate" or "unholy" are derived from the Old English and . The Modern Standard English word silly is also derived from this root and the term "seely" is recorded in numerous works of Middle English literature such as those by Geoffrey Chaucer. Many ballads and tales tell of "Seilie wichts", a Lowland Scots term for fairies. In Wales there were said to be two fairies or elves called Silly Frit and Sili go Dwt whose names represent a borrowing of the adjective silly (in this case meaning happy) as applied to fantastical beings from its usage on the English marches bordering Wales rather than the Anglo-Scottish border.
On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the execution of several members of the Hvidsten group. Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Kristensen and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed. On 5 July 1945 Kristensen's remains and those of five others from the group were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen where an inquest the same day showed that he was executed with gunshot wounds to the chest. The remains of the two remaining executed members of the group, Marius Fiil and his son Niels had been found in the same area three days before.
On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the execution of several members of the Hvidsten group. Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Hansen and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed. On 5 July 1945 Hansen's remains and those of five others from the group were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen where an inquest the same day showed that he was executed with gunshot wounds to the chest. The remains of the two remaining executed members of the group, Marius Fiil and his son Niels had been found in the same area three days before.
On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the execution of Fiil, his father and brother son in law, the life sentence of his older sister and the two-year sentence of his younger sister and lamented the profound loss of Fiil's mother. Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Fiil and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed. On 2 July 1945 the remains and Fiil and his father were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen. The remains of the six other executed members of the group were found in the same area three days later.
Catalytic bead sensors are commonly used to measure combustible gases that present an explosion hazard when concentrations are between the lower explosion limit (LEL) and upper explosion limit (UEL). Active and reference beads containing platinum wire coils are situated on opposite arms of a Wheatstone bridge circuit and electrically heated, up to a few hundred degrees C. The active bead contains a catalyst that allows combustible compounds to oxidize, thereby heating the bead even further and changing its electrical resistance. The resulting voltage difference between the active and passive beads is proportional to the concentration of all combustible gases and vapors present. The sampled gas enters the sensor through a sintered metal frit, which provides a barrier to prevent an explosion when the instrument is carried into an atmosphere containing combustible gases.
The potters were mostly still Muslim or Morisco.Caiger-Smith, Alan, Lustre Pottery: Technique, Tradition and Innovation in Islam and the Western World, Chapters 6 & 7, (Faber and Faber, 1985) In a rare manuscript from Kashan compiled by Abulqassim in 1301, there is a complete description of how faience production was carried out. Frit was made of ten parts of powdered quartz, one part of clay and one part of glaze mixture. The addition of greater amounts of clay made wheel throwing of the faience easier, and allowed a better quality of work, because otherwise the material had little plasticity.W. J. Allan,The History of So-Called Egyptian Faience in Islamic Persia The glaze itself is “formed of a roughly equal mixture of ground quartz and the ashes of desert plants which contain a very high proportion of alkaline salts.
On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the execution of Fiil, his son and son in law, the life sentence of his older daughter and the two-year sentence of his younger daughter and compared Fiil to Svend Gønge and Niels Ebbesen while lamenting the profound loss of Fiil's widow. Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Fiil and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed. On 2 July 1945 the remains and Fiil and his son were found in Ryvangen and transferred to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen. The remains of the six other executed members of the group were found in the same area three days later.
Garden side, showing the new extension clearly on the left In March 2009 the Heritage Lottery Fund awarded the gallery £80,000 to enable detailed proposals for redevelopment. In Autumn 2010 this proposal was successful in securing a second funding of £1.523 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund, which was matched with £1.5 million from the London Borough of Waltham Forest. Subsequently a major redevelopment was carried out. The building was closed for refurbishment and redevelopment in 2011 and was reopened in August 2012.Opening of the refurbished William Morris Gallery ,London Borough of Waltham Forest website , August 2012 The redevelopment of Water House, designed by architects and exhibition designers Pringle Richards Sharratt, included a new wing "inspired by Georgian & Victorian precedents" containing a gallery for temporary exhibitions as well as a tearoom with windows incorporating a Morris ‘Thistle’ frit pattern and a balcony that overlooks the gardens.
If the specimen is not reflective, or it becomes non reflective during the test, it is then necessary to use a mirror, which is set in contact with the specimen by using a refractory push rod. By doing so such method loses the advantage of being non contact and becomes substantially similar to the electronic dilatometer. Optical dilatometers are used along traditional dilatometers in ceramics for non-destructive testing of a sample's behavior during a thermal treatment. Optical dilatometers are used for thermal analysis of various types of materials, such as incoherent materials (expansion and contraction of an incoherent granular frit, as applied, for example, on raw tiles) and polymers (behaviour above the glass transition temperature, where the surface tension starts pulling the edges and making the sample shrink), as well as for analysis of various processes in materials manufacturing, for example, sintering kinetics, thermal expansion and sintering behaviour of thin glaze layer or polymer thin films.
At Copenhagen University Lykketoft became a member of Frit Forum, the Social Democratic student organisation. From 1965 to 1970 he was part of its management committee and he was its national chairman for the academic year 1968/69. From 1975 to 1981 he was department head in "The Economic Council of the Labour Movement", a Danish think tank made up of trade union leaders and Social Democratic MPs. He had been working at the think tank since 1966. On 20 January 1981 Prime Minister Anker Jørgensen picked him to be Taxation Minister. He was minister for less than 20 months before the Social Democratic government resigned. In the 1981 general election he became MP for the Copenhagen County constituency. He has been member of the Folketing (the Danish parliament) ever since, standing for election eleven times. Since 2007 he has been representing Greater Copenhagen greater constituency. In 1987 he unsuccessfully tried to be kingmaker at the election of a new leader of the Danish Social Democrats.
The arrests left Fiil alone not only with the inn and her youngest daughter Linna who was confirmed 26 March 1944, but also Fiil's infant grandchild Gudrun, whose both parents were incarcerated. The following month De frie Danske reported on her husband again, that he along with other arrestees from Hvidsten had been transferred from Randers to Vestre Fængsel. On 29 June 1944 her husband, their son Niels, their son-in-law and five other members of the Hvidsten group were executed in Ryvangen. On 15 July 1944 De frie Danske reported on the executions, the life sentence of her older daughter and the two-year sentence of her younger daughter and compared her husband to Svend Gønge and Niels Ebbesen while lamenting her profound loss: Six months later the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year the executions of the Hvidsten group members had taken place.
Eight of its members were sentenced to death on June 26 and executed by firing squad in Ryvangen on June 29, 1944, three weeks after D-day.Danish Reactions to German Occupation: History and Historiography, Carsten Holbraad, page 109Historical Dictionary of Denmark, Alastair H. Thomas, page 181 On 15 July 1944, De frie Danske reported on the execution of Fiil, his son and son-in-law, the life sentence imposed on his older daughter and the two-year sentence imposed on his younger daughter, and compared Fiil to historical national heroes, Svend Gønge and Niels Ebbesen, while lamenting the profound loss experienced by Fiil's widow. News of the executions contributed to an escalation of general strikes in Copenhagen. Six months later, the January 1945 issue of the resistance newspaper Frit Danmark (Free Denmark) reported that on 29 June the previous year Fiil and seven other named members of the Hvidsten group had been executed.

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