158 Sentences With "fireclay" | Random Sentence Generator

San Francisco-based Fireclay Tile is a manufacturer of eco-friendly, handmade tiles.

Ms. Gutierrez gutted the water closet, which houses the apartment's toilet, replacing the window, covering the floor with three-inch hexagonal tile from Fireclay and painting the walls a moody gray.

For instance, you "might do one wall of a walk-in shower in a particular shape, like hexagons," said Jamie Chappell, the creative director of the San Francisco company Fireclay Tile.

Eric Edelson, the CEO of Fireclay Tile, which uses cloud-based technology to delegate assignments to his 150 employees, said that streamlined technology is all but a necessity in modern day commerce.

In the back of the showroom, Interior Define has built out a fully furnished two-story home called Studio ID. Alongside its own pieces, Studio ID includes pieces and products from other digitally native partners including Wright Bedding, Gantri, Snowe Home, Barn & Willow, 57st Design, Revival Rugs, Minted, Fireclay Tile, and Sonos.

So last year, rather than dive into another gut job, Ms. Gutierrez focused on some simple upgrades to refresh the space, painting the cabinets Deep Silver and Hale Navy from Benjamin Moore, adding new hardware from Schoolhouse Electric, replacing the sink and countertops, and tiling the backsplash in Foggy Morning tiles from Fireclay.

In July, Green Demolitions, a store in Fairfield, N.J., that sells used luxury kitchens and other fixtures collected by the nonprofit donation program Renovation Angel, ran a "make an offer" sale on already discounted pre-owned luxury kitchens, including a traditional Russet kitchen from Rye, N.Y., with a fireclay farmhouse sink and Miele and Viking appliances, for $7,700.

In 1903, to fend off the high demands of his German competitors, Twyford had established a new fireclay works in Ratingen, a town near Düsseldorf. In 1911, Twyford continued to expand his fireclay works: the first fireclay works was erected opposite the Cliffe Vale works. In 1912, Twyford built another local fireclay works on Garner Street in Etruria. In 1896, Twyford's firm became a private limited company, with Twyford initially serving as its chairman.

RUL is a critical property for refractory bricks, which basically reflects the service temperature of the bricks, raw materials, etc. Refractoriness Under Load (RUL) values (T0.6 at 0.2MPa) for fireclay-based refractory bricks are usually below 1500 °C; for medium duty fireclay bricks, about 1300 °C; and high duty fireclay bricks at 1350 to 1420 °C; superduty fireclay bricks, between 1420 and 1500 °C (sometimes even higher than 1500 °C). Such properties can vary depending upon different industrial standards.

Glenboig Clay Mill (oil on millboard) by William Glover (1836–1916) Advertisement with pictures of the Star Works and the Old Works at Glenboig with the Cumbernauld Works below A Glenboig brick Glenboig's main industry was fireclay, centred on the General Refractories and Glenboig Union Fireclay Company Limited's Star Fireclay Works, which made refractory products for the steel and iron industries. Aerial photographsGlenboig Star Fireclay Works, Scotland’s Places of the works are available. The Glenboig Union Fire-clay Company Limited dates back to 1836. Glenboig's only railway station closed in 1956.

Within Carboniferous and other coal-bearing strata, fireclay quite commonly comprises many underclays. The alteration of sediments by weathering, plants, and other soil processes comprising underclay resulted in the formation of vast majority of fireclay that comprises underclay.

The station is located at 71 West Fireclay Avenue (4295 South) and is easily accessed from State Street (US-89) by heading west on Fireclay Avenue. The station is also accessible from 4500 South (SR-266) by heading north on Main Street the then west on Fireclay Avenue. There is substantial transit-oriented development under construction near the station. The station has a Park and Ride lot with 235 free parking spaces available.

The factory was rebranded as Lagan Brick when Flemings Fireclay was absorbed into the Lagan Group.

Castlecary is also near Allandale which, though in the Falkirk council area, was built for Castlecary fireclay workers.

Fireclay is often found close to coal seams and the Accrington area had many collieries. At the end of the Ice Age, the River Calder was blocked and formed a large lake in the Accrington area. The sediment from this lake produced the fireclay seams and local coal was available to fire it.

In the district, soap stone, dolomite, fireclay, and limestone are found. Apart from this, building construction stone is also found near the village Gontitoriya. Fireclay is found mainly in Kanharpani, Bachai, Heengpani and Hiranpur hills. From various hilly areas there are murram, crushed stones, and from rivers, sand which is used for construction purposes.

Large quantities of locally occurring fireclay were also exploited, as well as ganister (a clay used to make refractory furnace linings).

West of the Brock Burn, several field railways can be seen that run from the Waulkmill Mine at Waulkmill Glen to the cement works north of North Brae Farm. The quarries south of Southpark Village are now referred to as the Darnley Fireclay Mine and the lime works are now called Darnley Lime and Fireclay Works.

Acid brick comes in multiple varieties. The most frequently used variety is red shale. Others include fireclay, silica brick, and carbon brick.

The OS map for the mid 18th century shows a clay mill, fireclay works and kilns at Buckreddan on the Bannoch Road. Fire clay is used in the manufacture of fire bricks. The clay is resistant to high temperatures and is suitable for lining furnaces, as fire brick, and manufacture of utensils used in the metalworking industries. Fireclay was also worked at Perceton.

Other principle coal seams in the South Staffordshire Coalfield include Brooch, Flying Reed, Upper Heathen, Stinking (sulphur), New Mine, Fireclay and the famous Thick Coal.

Brown sandstone from the surface to down, blue slate from about to down, and fireclay from to down are also found in the rocks on the creek. Two to three feet of coal are below the fireclay and 4 to 5.5 feet are below the brown sandstone. Additionally, a graphite deposit was discovered on the creek by James David. The coal in the creek's watershed is bituminous coal.

The line was subsequently extended to Brakpan and Springs, where large deposits of superior quality coal had been discovered. Also, deposits of high grade fireclay were discovered in Boksburg, which gave impetus to development of a fireclay manufacturing industry. All this helped the importance of the gold mining industry. Coal mining came to an end in 1895 after underground fires broke out, rendering the entire mining area unsafe.

Some online maps refer to the area as Marnock but locals call the area Glenboig. Glenboig's main industry was fireclay and Glenboig's name was known across the world.

There were two fireclay brickworks in Castlecary: Castlecary Fireclay Company Limited, known as Weir's Castlecary, established during the late 19th century by Alexander Weir, which closed in 1968; and Stein's Castlecary Works established by John G Stein which continued until the 1980s. The two companies were over the road from each other. Stein's brickworks in Allandale opened in 1899 and provided local employment for many years. The site is now derelict and awaiting redevelopment.

Vision of Britain: St George UD Troopers' Hill chimney is a local landmark. St George was a mining area from the early 19th century (coal and fireclay) until 1904 when the last fireclay mines were abandoned. Troopers Hill was declared as a Local Nature Reserve (LNR) on 22 June 1995. John Armitstead, a colliery proprietor, had a pit between Church Road and Whitehall Road, where he installed a pumping engine for raising coal.

Fireclay Caverns are located in the heritage-listed Mount Morgan Mine site in Queensland, Australia. The Fireclay Caverns were excavated by the Mount Morgan Mine to provide clay for its brickworks resulting in very large openings that measure between 4–12 metres in height from the cave floor. Excavation of the caverns ceased when the mine brickworks were decommissioned in the early 1900s. Erosion revealed dinosaur footprints (preserved as infills) being discovered in 1954.

Camerton Colliery and Camerton Fireclay mine and associated brickworks were served by sidings which curved northwards off the through lines a short distance east of the station. Coal workings appear to have petered out in the 1930s, but the brickworks was a successful concern, with firebricks being a key requirement of Workington's furnaces. From 1939 the Admiralty established RNAD Broughton Moor on the CWJR's line north east of Camerton. A lesser-known ancillary of this was using the fireclay workings at Camerton as an ammunition store.

The bricks were used to line the furnaces and were made from ganister, a sort of sandstone and from fireclay from the Stannington pot clay seam which was prevalent in the Loxley area. Many ganister and fireclay mines existed in the area supplying the local firms of Bramalls (ganister bricks and monolithics) Siddons Bros. (ganister monolithics), Thomas Wragg & Sons (Storrs Fire Clay Works) and Thomas Marshall and Co. (Storrs Bridge Fire Brick Works) and later Hepworths, which sprang up in the district and produced the bricks. Refractory production ceased in the area in the 1990s.

Birkhill railway station is a railway station on the Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway in Scotland, equidistant from Grangemouth, Bo'ness, Linlithgow and Polmont. The adjacent Birkhill Fireclay Mine is in the Bo'ness area and is an integral part of the town's history. Falkirk Council announced in February 2013 that the Fireclay mine would close permanently. The station was the limit of regular train operations from Bo'ness, however the track continues to the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway at Manuel Junction and is used for the transfer of rolling stock to/from the National Rail network.

Seatearths have also been called seat earth, "seat rock", or "seat stone" in the geologic literature. Depending on its physical characteristics, a number of different names, such as underclay, fireclay, flint clay, and ganister can be applied to a specific seatearth.

An Automatic Oil Muffle Furnace, circa 1910. Petroleum is contained in tank A, and is kept under pressure by pumping at intervals with the wooden handle, so that when the valve B is opened, the oil is vaporized by passing through a heating coil at the furnace entrance, and when ignited burns fiercely as a gas flame. This passes into the furnace through the two holes, C, C, and plays under and up around the muffle D, standing on a fireclay slab. The doorway is closed by two fireclay blocks at E. High temperature muffle-furnace, maximum temperature is .

He and his wife settled in Falkirk where he became a partner in Campbell & Co Fireclay Works and coal mine, Roughcastle. He later became owner of the business. Previous to settling in Falkirk the Howie family lived in Hurlford, where they owned the renowned Hurlford Fireclay Works (until it was bought by Armitage Shanks), which produced pottery, bricks, chimneys, garden ornaments and enamelled sanitary ware (lavatories, baths, urinals etc.) The family owned much of the town, including Marchmont Place, Salisbury Place, Collier Row, Office Row, Chapel Cottages, Skerrington Row and Howie's Square. They also owned small mining villages, including Hemphill.

A quarry at nearby Bolton Woods still operates today. The geology of the area is that of mudstones, siltstones, fine sandstones, coal, pipeclay, fireclay and ganister as indicated by exposed rocks in the old quarry--parts of which are in a dangerous state.

Industry in the area declined through the twentieth century, with the last fireclay level closing in the late 1960s. The railway ceased operation in 1952. A large stone viaduct still stands near the village. The village shops and pubs have all closed.

A seldom- photographed railway emerged from the fireclay drift mine then ran parallel to the Lowca Light railway along the clifftop to Micklam brickworks. Between them these industrial concerns sustained the railway through Micklam until final closure to all traffic in May 1973.

The station opened on 21 February 1842 by the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway. To the north was Castlecary Fireclay and Limeworks. To the southeast was the goods yard and the signal box. The signal box closed in 1966 station closed on 6 March 1967.

In 1888 the company was renamed The Burmantofts Company but in 1889 it merged with other Yorkshire companies to found The Leeds Fireclay Co. Ltd., the largest in the country. The firm closed in 1957, at which time it comprised ninety kilns on of land.

During the early 1800s, the Stannington area together with the nearby Loxley Valley became an important producer of refractory bricks for the expanding Sheffield steel industry. The bricks were used to line the furnaces and were made from ganister, a sort of sandstone, and more importantly from fireclay from the Stannington pot clay seam which was prevalent in the area. Many ganister (or gannister) and fireclay mines and quarries existed in the area with the major ones being owned by the local firms of Siddons Brothers. (High Matlock Road ganister quarry) and J & J Dyson (firebrick works, Griffs Works, Stopes Road) which sprang up in the district.

Clay suited for bricks lies on top of some of the coal deposits. Brick making began in 1884, Huntly Brick and Fireclay was established in 1911 and Shinagawa Refractories continues on the site at the south end of the town. Nearby, Clay Bricks operate a brickworks.

To the side of the brick engine shed is a small corrugated building which houses the engine and fan. This was installed to provide adequate ventilation in a mine. The engine is from Amblecote Fireclay Pit c1860 and was made by J. C. Stark of Torquay.

Evers was born in Stourbridge in 1874, the fourth son of Frank Evers and Isobel Smith. He was educated at Haileybury. On returning from his rugby tour of Australia, Evers took up work in Amblecote with E.J. & J. Pearson Ltd., a fireclay mines and works business.

Allandale village was built for the Castlecary brickworkers and John Stein's business grew to be the 2nd largest fireclay brick manufacturer in the world. Some early footage of the 1932 Castlecary gala day survives shot by the Stein family. Other 19th century employers include a quarry and a sawmill.

They visited fireclay works at Stourbridge and his brother John Wood, who had a forge at Wednesbury. John was working scraps and using pots to do so.Gross, 220. In 1763, Charles and John Wood patented their ironmaking process, which is usually described by historians as potting and stamping.

Perceton Colliery, near Law Farm, linked directly to Irvine on the line from Busbie (or Busby) Junction at Crosshouse. A Fireclay Works was situated close to Springside where a coal pit was also located. Numerous old coal pits dot the area. A map of the area in 1897.

Bradford Colliery Brickworks operated on the site of the Bradford Colliery in Bradford, Greater Manchester, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England, between the early 1870s and 1903. To exploit the seams of fireclay found between the coal seams, colliery manager Edward Williams built a large kiln to a design patented in 1870 by Friedrich Hoffmann, which permitted the continuous production of bricks. One of the largest brick-making facilities in the area, the kiln was more than long and wide, and probably contained 12–14 separate firing chambers. The kiln fell into disuse after the colliery's fireclay workings were abandoned in 1903, and it was eventually demolished in the late 1940s.

The official opening of the tramway was a festive occasion. It took the form of a grand picnic, hosted by John and Margaret Moffat at the "All-but" near Fireclay Gully on the west of town on 29 June 1907. Several trams conveyed the 1500 guests to the specially cleared site.

In 1993–94 1.24 lakh metric tons of fireclay were produced in West Bengal. Limestone which is used in cement industry is mined in Bankura, Purulia, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri. There are copper mines in Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling. Small quantities of low quality iron-ore are mined in Bardhaman, Purulia, Birbhum and Darjeeling.

During the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the Coalbrookdale Coalfield was second only to the North East Coalfield in terms of volume and it was producing 95% of the coal in the Shropshire area. By 1896, the Coalbrookdale Coalfield had over 80 mines operating in the district; whilst most of these worked coal, some also worked the bands of fireclay too. Some of the fireclay were os such quality that they were used for the manufacture of pottery and clay tobacco pipes. Not all of the mines were too deep, some were described as surface mines, but the deep- mining industry in the coalfield peaked in the mid-19th century, with the last coal mine, Granville, being closed in 1979.

Native American crucibles have been discovered along the Creek. Minerals in the watershed are mostly bituminous coal, fireclay, sandstone and slate. The daily loads of aluminum and manganese are both many times higher than the creek's total maximum daily load. The conductance of the creek ranges from 93.7 to 549 micro-siemens per centimeter.

In the making of firebrick, fireclay is fired in the kiln until it is partly vitrified. For special purposes, the brick may also be glazed. There are two standard sizes of fire brick: and .Also available are firebrick “splits” which are half the thickness and are often used to line wood stoves and fireplace inserts.

A post office was established in the community in 1888 as Fireclay. In 1909, it was renamed Grahn in honor of the German immigrant Karl Bernhard Grahn, founder of a successful brickyard. A school was constructed in Grahn in the 1930s under the direction of the WPA."Clay's Choice, Carter County" Kentucky Quilt Trail.

After crossing over West 4500 South (SR-266) the lines reach Murray North at about 4300 South. After crossing West Fireclay Avenue the lines curve slightly to the west as they continue north and cross over Big Cottonwood Creek. Upon crossing over Big Cottonwood Creek, the lines also leave Murray and briefly enter unincorporated Salt Lake County.

Brandon is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated a short distance to the southwest of Durham. Brandon was originally one of the seven townships within the ancient parish of Brancepeth. It grew from a sparsely populated agricultural area into a populous mining district after the establishment of collieries and later coke and fireclay works.

Tiles were made at the rail served Plann Brickworks and Balgray Bauxite Company had a small mine at Fardalehill. Quarry house still stands. Plann Fireclay Works was a very large works making a range of products including salt-glazed sewer pipes. It had 14 downdraught kilns, some rectangular and some round, and at least one Newcastle kiln.

The channel of Stafford Meadow Brook is sinuous. It flows through rock formations consisting of sandstone and shale, with some coal occurring in its lower reaches. The Umbral or Red-shale formation is present in the stream's valley and contains iron ore. The iron ore deposits along the stream are embedded in fireclay and soft clay-shale.

Underclay which consists of siliceous refractory clay rich in hydrous aluminium silicates, is also called fireclay. Just as not all underclays are fireclays, not all fireclays are underclays.United States Bureau of Mines and American Geological Institute, 1996, Dictionary of mining And mineral-related terms. Mines Bureau Special Publication SP 96-1, 2nd ed, United States Bureau of Mines.

It was founded formally in 1855 as the Cheltenham Fireclay Works and achieved sales as far away as Quebec and Africa. One source dates the beginning of the company back to 1837, but under different owners. In 1855, the works were owned by Charles Chouteau. The firm was incorporated in 1867 when Evens & Howard took possession of it.

There are 11 large-scale industries in and around Cuttack mostly in Choudwar and Athagarh and many more in the pipeline. These industries include steel, power, automobile, alloys, fireclay, etc. Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys (IMFA), the country's largest producer of ferrous alloys is in Choudwar, Cuttack. A mega-auto complex is in implementation stages on the city's outskirts.

Shawhill House near Hurlford. The town developed rapidly in the 19th century, following the discovery of coal. Fireclay and ironstone were also worked extensively until production ceased in the 1970s. A poignant reminder of the heyday of the iron and steel industry of Hurlford is the ship's propeller erected at the Cross in the lately redeveloped town centre.

Mineral resources include deposits of anthracite coal, shale and fireclay and have been exploited for several hundred years. Until 1969, coal mining was the key economic activity in Castlecomer and the surrounding areas. Mining began in the mid 17th Century with the extraction of iron ore. Huge areas of oak woodland were cleared to feed the smelting furnaces.

Like other original BS&WR; station designs, it features ox-blood red terracotta and a brick-clad steel frame. The terracotta was manufactured by Leeds Fireclay Co. Ltd. Unlike the other building, the offices above are not Grade II listed. The station name is carved with raised gilded lettering on the lower frieze to Argyll Street and Oxford Street.

The mineral railway continued southeast past Benslie pit then ended turning north to coal pits at Doura. The mineral line was later extended south to coal and fireclay workings at Perceton.Ordnance Survey, Six-inch 1st edition, Ayrshire, Sheet XVI and Sheet XVII, Survey date: 1856. The railway provided a route to the huge Eglinton Tournament of 1839.

The Fireclay Caverns were excavated to supply clay to brickworks of the Mount Morgan Mine. Clay was mined from within the caverns by pick and shovel, then transferred by underground rail to a brickworks lower in the Mount Morgan Mine site. Excavation from the caverns ceased when their clay was no longer required by the mine.

The exit is preserved between the two modern buildings, Benslie House and Kinnoull, near the old fireclay mine. Robert Aitken's 1823 map of The Parishes of Ardrossan, Stevenston and Kilwinning shows a Backmossfauld farm near the old Netherfield farm. This map also gives East Doura as the name of the farm which was later known as South Millburn.Aitken, Robert (1829).

The Tudor roses were taken from the arms of Derbyshire County Council. Above the arms was a crest depicting a human arm holding a billet or: a yellow brick for the local brick-making industry. The arm rose from flames, indicative of mining of fireclay and coal. The Latin motto adopted: ' ("Riches from the earth") also referred to the mineral industries of Swadlincote.

The Geopark extends across territory underlain by sedimentary rocks of Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic age together with some limited outcrops of igneous rocks. Coal, ironstone, limestone, fireclay, brick clay and building stones have all been exploited in the area in the last few centuries. Evidence is also present for the margins of both the Anglian icesheet and the Devensian icesheet.

Sketch of Evens & Howard Fire Brick prior to 1904. Sketch of the Cheltenham Fireclay Works in the 1870s. An Evens & Howard fire brick found at the Joliet Iron and Steel Works ruins in Joliet, Illinois. The Evens & Howard Fire Brick Company was a manufacturer of fire bricks, sewage pipe and gas retorts in what is now the Cheltenham neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri.

In 1877, the Llay Hall Colliery was opened in the village. Later, the Llay Hall brick works was established next to it to use the clay from the lower coal seams. The colliery was privately owned by the Llay Hall Coal, Iron and Fireclay Company until it was nationalised in 1947. It closed shortly afterwards due to a serious underground explosion.

In 1873, very considerable deposits of lime and coal, as well as fireclay, started to be exploited at Longwitton. That brought large volumes of mineral traffic to the line, and the prospects looked extremely good. However, the extraction company suddenly surrendered its lease in 1886 and, except for a small amount of quarry working, the minerals were no longer brought to the surface.

A large group of these was shown at Leveson Street Gallery, North Melbourne in December 1980. Entry 205C80. From 1973 at the latest he specialised in fireclay panels for architectural use as wall plaques or free- standing sculptures (Littlemore's Nine Artist Potters first edition of 1973 has photos of six of them). Later examples have a spine of coloured glass in clay wells.

Egypt was also the location of four fireclay quarries, which between them produced so much spoil and overburden, that huge retaining structures lining one of the roads in the hamlet were built to secure the waste product. The structures were known as the Walls of Jericho and were demolished in the mid 1980s as they were deemed to be unsafe.

Mount Clara Chimney The chimney is thought to be the oldest surviving mining industry chimney in Queensland, also being among the first built. It stands about high, although early descriptions reported a height of . It was constructed from local bluestone, clamped with iron, and held together with a lime and sand mortar. Firebricks lining the furnace and chimney were made from good quality local fireclay.

Marshall of Storrs Bridge Works, Loxley, mined the Stannington Pot Clay seam and manufactured fireclay-based casting pit holloware refractories for use in steel making worldwide. All three plants closed following a collapse in demand for casting pit refractories of the type made locally mainly because of the introduction of continuous casting of steel worldwide and the general demise of the British steel industry.

Lake Lapworth is one of several glacial lakes that are thought to have existed during the Ice Age in the late Pleistocene. This was the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Aqualate Mere is a remnant of Lake Lapworth. The flood that carved Ironbridge gorge exposed deposits of coal, iron, fireclay and limestone.

Local industries have included farming, mining for coal and fireclay, brick- manufacture, and stone quarrying and mining. With the exception of farming, and quarrying, which is continued by Marshalls plc, these industries are more or less defunct. Marshalls continues to extract stone in the area and the company has moved its headquarters to Huddersfield in recent years. However, the quarries at Brookfoot Lane remain open.

Beneath this lies successively the Thick Coal, Heathen Coal, Stinking Coal, Bottom Coal and Singing Coal seams. Other seams also exist. The Thick Coal seam was also known as the "Thirty Foot" or "Ten Yard" seam and is made up of a number of beds that have come together to form one thick seam. Interspersed with the coal seams are deposits of iron ore and fireclay.

Several excavations were conducted throughout the village. Evidence indicates it was a substantial Roman settlement. In the nineteenth century, the village's size and importance grew as quarrying for limestone and silica and mining for lead and fireclay became more significant. A railway line, the Wrexham and Minera Joint Railway was built through the village and a small station, a number of shops and several pubs opened.

The plateau was formed of Karst limestone from the Lower Cretaceous covered by loess material. Among the region's geological resources are kaolinite, fireclay and mica. The climate is temperate continental, with up to of precipitation yearly. Although the Ludogorie is poor in overground water resources, with only a few low rivers such as the Krapinets and the Kulak, it is rich in underground waters.

4004 - 4024). The positive experience with these locomotives also led to the construction of the Class MCCi steam railbus, whose driven bogie and boiler were very similar to those of the ML 2/2. Three locomotives were sold to the United Fireclay Factories (Vereinigten Schamottefabriken) in Marktredwitz in 1922. The remaining machines were all including in the renumbering plan of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft in 1923 as 98 361-384.

The Mineral Railway was probably a standard gauge works railway. It was already marked on Ainslie's map and led from the lime works south to the quarries south of today's Southpark Village. Another quarry was west of the spot where Aurs Burn merges into Brock Burn. Darnsley Mill und Darnsley Lime & Fireclay Works, 1915 The 1914–1915 map shows a significant increase in mining and quarry activities within the area.

However, the fashion for highly modelled surfaces passed and from 1904 the company concentrated on plain tiles used as facing, notably an artificial marble called Marmo, as used on Atlas House, King Street, Leeds and Michelin House, London, and Lefco which had a granite appearance and was also used for garden ornaments.Lefco Garden Ornaments (1920) Leeds Fireclay Co. Ltd {catalogue} These were in production until the company closed in 1957.

Commercially viable deposits of fireclay lay under the Three Foot seam and pottery clay beneath the Six Foot seam used to make Ingleton Bricks. The Walkers achieved their legal victory through a son-in-Law William Knipe. Thomas Moore (?–1733) was the second husband of Marianne Walker and between 1702 and 1711 bought out other share holders in the collieries while building a successful medical practice in Wakefield.

Strata order of Aire Valley geology The upper section between Malham and Skipton is largely upfaulted Carboniferous limestone. The middle section between Skipton and Knottingley is peat and gritstone, with steep valley walls crested with moorland prevalent between Skipton and Shipley. The sandstone deposits between Skipton and Leeds have characterised the buildings within this part of Airedale, whilst the deposits of Limestone, Coal, Fireclay and Ironstone fuelled industrial developments.

Kiln No. 2 was built adjacent to Kiln No. 1 and immediately to the north, similarly facing west towards the creek. It consisted of limestone laid in lime mortar probably produced by Kiln No. 1. It was larger, being oval in vertical section, nine feet in diameter side to side and nine feet ten inches in diameter front to rear. It was lined entirely with fireclay applied like plaster.

West Bengal ranks next to Bihar and Madhya Pradesh in production of fireclay. Most of this mineral is extracted in the Raniganj region along with a small quantity also extracted from Birbhum and Purulia. China clay used in the pottery, paper, textile, rubber and paint industries is unearthed at Mohammad Bazar in Birbhum and Mejia in Bankura. The rest of the production comes from Purulia, Bardhaman, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri.

On completion it became the coal-winding shaft, while the older Coity shaft was used for upcast air ventilation. In 1878, the main shaft was deepened to reach the Old Coal seam at . By 1908, Big Pit provided employment for 1,122 people, and by 1923 at peak, there were 1,399 men employed, producing: House Coal, Steam Coal, Ironstone and Fireclay; from the Horn, No. 2 Yard, Old Coal and Elled seams.

The station was opened on 22 June 1907 by the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway. The building was designed by architect Leslie Green and the exterior features glazed terracotta (faïence) tiling, supplied by the Leeds Fireclay Company. Although close to Junction Road railway station on the Tottenham & Hampstead Junction Railway, there was never a physical connection between the two stations. The station was modernised in 2004 by Tube Lines.

The section to Manuel was due to open to regular passenger traffic in 2009, however this did not happen until 2010. There is a station building. which houses a shop, a cafe, and the access the Birkhill Fireclay Mine. The parts of the building were recovered from Monifieth railway station and were originally rebuilt in 1988 by Central Regional Council as their display at the Glasgow Garden Festival.

To date, nine different ceiling sections of the Fireclay Caverns have been recognised as containing dinosaur footprints. These have been dated to the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) ~195 million years ago. Walkways and stairs had been constructed in 2010 to provide access to the dinosaur footprints as part of the mine site tours. The site was closed to access in 2011 due to ceiling erosion posing a significant risk to public safety.

Howie was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire, on 8 April 1856 to Robert and Bethia (Wyllie) Howie, into a wealthy industrial family who had been active in the Covenanting movement. He was born at the family home, Newhouse, an estate house nearby the fireclay mine which the family owned. There he was brought up alongside his cousin, who would become the mining magnate John Howie. The house is now a residential care home.

The Fergus Hill branch left the Doura branch just after the Lugton Water crossing to reach the Fergus Hill coal pit. In 1833 (sic) Sir James Cunningham extended the Doura branch to his coal and fireclay workings at Perceton. Up until the 1850s this line was worked using horse haulage, each waggon carrying about a ton of coal. The Doura branch was private until 1839 when the Ardrossan Railway Company came into being.

A memorial stone to Corporal John Smith at Montgreenan old castle. An unusual memorial is located next to the ruins of the Bishop's Palace or Castle of Montgreenan. The memorial is formed from glazed fireclay much like that used for wall coping stones and pipes and has the appearance of a corbel laid horizontally. The oblong structure has crossed canons at one end and bunches of olive or laurel leaves at the other end.

Marshall (both in the Loxley Valley) specialised in manufacturing fireclay-based casting pit (pouring pit) refractory holloware and ladle flow control bricks for the steel industry worldwide. All three refractory plants (Dyson, Marshall and Wragg) closed following a collapse in demand for casting pit refractories of the uphill teeming type made locally mainly because of the introduction of continuous casting of steel worldwide and the general decline of the British steel industry.

The coal seams of the Bradford Group are the Two Foot, Doctor, New, Yard, Bradford Foor Foot, Three Quarters and Charlotte mines, the Charlotte being closest to the surface. The Openshaw mine above the Charlotte was worked for fireclay. Below the Bradford Group and the Parker mine are the Top, Middle and Deep mines and below them, the Roger mine. The Top, Middle and Deep mines correspond to the Major, Bland and Ashton Great mines in the Oldham Coalfield.

In 1871, the owner of Bradford Colliery was R.T. Parker and the occupier, for rate purposes, was T.& C. Livesey. When deeper pit shafts were sunk, seams of fireclay were discovered and consequently a brickworks was built on the north side of the site to manufacture firebricks for use in lining furnaces. The brickworks had the same owner and occupier as Bradford Colliery. By 1896, the pit manager was H.L. Ward and the under-manager was George Bentley.

Fleming's brick factory at The Swan Fleming's Fireclays was started by PJ Fleming in 1935. It generated employment for the village and the surrounding areas and provided housing for many of its workers. These houses constituted nearly all the dwellings in the village until 2003, when two new housing projects began and the number of houses has almost doubled as a result. The factory utilises fireclay, which is an abundant local resource, to make bricks and chimney flues.

The people of Farnley would have worked in the many mills surrounding the area including the Butterbowl Mill and the three mills situated in the area around Post Hill (including Union Bridge Mill and the Woolen Mills of Farnley and Upper Mill). Beulah Pub, early 19th century coaching Inn. New Farnley did not exist as a village until the early part of the 19th century when Edward Armitage started the Farnley Iron Works and Farnley Fireclay.

James Jamphrey from Corsehill was killed instantly.Service, pages 138–139. The Statistical Account records that the coals at Doura were ell and stone-coals. Easter Doura mine employed 12 - 16 colliers and was owned by Lord Lisle and was leased by him for £140 per annum in the 18th century. The old orchard at Doura Hall was recalled in the names of several coal and fireclay pits and a stone quarry that closed in the late 19th or early 20th centuries.

The town gives its name to local glass production, which has been manufactured since the early 1600s. The local glass proved particularly suitable for the industry, taken up predominantly after the immigration of French coal miners in the Huguenot diaspora.Boucher, B. The Huguenot Role in Industrial England However, most of the glass industry was actually located in surrounding areas including Wordsley, Amblecote and Oldswinford. The rich natural resources of coal and fireclay for lining furnaces made it the perfect location for the industry.

They were expected to last for about 40 firings; each potbank made their own in a saggar making workshop. Saggars were made from fireclay, by a saggar maker and two assistants: the framemaker and the bottom knocker. The framemaker beat the clay into a sheet on a metal table using a large mallet, the mow or mawl. Using a frame he would cut it to size, sprinkle it with sawdust and wrap it around a wooden block to make the walls.

The Fergushill drive entrance into the Eglinton Estate passed Chapelholm Woods was carried over the railway by a bridge; this has since been demolished.National Archives of Scotland. RHP/34800/1-3. An old loading dock at the Benslie coup, on the closed and lifted Doura waggonway branch A typical wagonway, the Little Eaton Gangway In 1833 Sir James Cunningham extended the Doura branch to his extensive coal and fireclay workings at Perceton. Up until the 1850s this line was worked using horse haulage.

Mr. Bond was a member of the Phi Delta Theta social fraternity, Phi Beta Kappa honorary, and Blue Key, an honorary University of Missouri service organization. He was married in 1930 to Elizabeth Carlyle Green of Mexico, Missouri. Her father, A.P. Green, founded A.P. Green Refractories Company, a fireclay manufacturer and a major employer for many years in Mexico. From 1928 to 1967, Bond was associated with the A.P. Green Company, starting in the sales department and working his way up.

They are one type of "cross-draught" kilns, where the flames travel more or less horizontally, rather than up from or down to the floor.Rawson, 364; Wood. However, references can be found referring to them as up-draught, and also down-draught The kilns were normally made of brick; sometimes most of the structure was dug out below the loess soil, with only the dome and chimney protruding above ground. In either case the interior was normally lined with a refractory fireclay.

Dinosaur footprints (preserved as infills) were later found in nine different sections of the Fireclay Caverns, lining the ceiling dated to the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian). Mount Morgan Post Office opened on 18 May 1885 (a receiving office had been open from 1884). Mount Morgan Central State School opened in 1887 and grew so rapidly that it was separated into two schools on different sites the following year, forming Mount Morgan Boys State School and Mount Morgan Girls and Infants State School.

The Kubršnica (Serbian Cyrillic: Кубршница) is a river in Šumadija region of central Serbia, a 42 km-long left and the longest tributary to the Jasenica river. The Kubršnica originates from the Venčac mountain, in the Jasenica sub- region of Šumadija, in the wider area of the town of Aranđelovac. The terrain in the source area of the river is rich in marble and fireclay. The river flows to the east, next to the Aranđelovac's suburb of Banja and turns north near Topola.

At Courtenay Place the coal was shovelled by hand into horizontal retorts made of fireclay. Very hot fires distilled the coal gas from the coal inside the retort and left the glowing coke behind. Extraction of the coke by long iron rakes required the gas-worker to face the white hot coke and pull it out towards him with the rake. To be a gas-worker a man had to be strong physically and constitutionally and this part of the work was very arduous.

The fire clay laid in up to two meters thick seams under the limestone and were mined at different times, especially around 1900. Big ovens were used to make bricks, pipes and sanitary ware. The Tramway seems to have been taken out of service, because the quarry, which it once served, is recorded on the map as an old quarry. In the late 1930s, the Darnley Fireclay mine was referred to as Upper Darnley Quarry and the lime cabins in Darnley as Arden Lime Works.

York Road station was located at the junction between York Road, which has since been renamed York Way, and Bingfield Street. The architect Leslie Green designed the building, which was similar to many of his designs, being finished in ruby-red glazed tiling supplied by the Leeds Fireclay Company. The contract for construction was awarded to Ford and Walton, and the booking hall was at the surface level. It was linked to the platforms by a circular lift shaft, in diameter, which contained two electric lifts.

A map of Borrowstounness from 1945 St Catharine's Episcopal church Bo'ness Hippodrome Bo'ness is now primarily a commuter town, with many of its residents travelling to work in Edinburgh, Glasgow or Falkirk. One of the main local sources of employment is the Ineos petrochemical facility (formerly BP) located in nearby Grangemouth. Present-day attractions in the town include the Bo'ness & Kinneil Railway and the Birkhill Fireclay Mine. Kinneil House, built by the powerful Hamilton family in the 15th century, lies on the western edge of the town.

Greenbat, also known as U2, is one of many battery electric locomotives that were built in Leeds by Greenwood & Batley. This particular engine was built in 1957 for Thomas Marshall & Co. of Storrs Bridge Fireclay Mine in Yorkshire. Its builder’s number is 2872 and was originally built to an unusual gauge of . When the mine closed, the engine was brought to Ravenglass in 1982, where the wheels were re-profiled to the Ratty's gauge and then became a versatile engine with which to shunt coaching stock.

The kiln on the south was built of gray limestone which on the interior of the barrel was cut and fitted to enable application of a smooth coating of fireclay and, running halfway around the back, firebrick. Use of firebrick as a lining at the back suggest treatment for higher temperature there. The outer casing, rectangular in shape, was also built of cut limestone. Between the inner and out casings is afilling composed of irregular chunks of limestone set in mud or clay mortar.

When the clay is fired up, it should turn to a light pink to white colour, and, to reduce the likelihood of cracking, it should shrink less than 8% after being fired. Clay which meets all the above standards is generally referred to as a "fireclay". To produce the Kenya Ceramic Jiko, two types of skilled labour are needed, a metalworker, and a clay worker. Other than a hammer, all other tools needed to manufacture the Kenya Ceramic Jiko can be found from scraps or hand made.

The next winter, the D&RGW; again leased the DM&IR;'s Yellowstones as helpers over Tennessee Pass, Colorado, and for other freight duties. The Rio Grande returned the Yellowstones after air- brake failure caused No. 224 to wreck on the Fireclay Loop. This was despite the Rio Grande's earlier assessment that these Yellowstones were the finest engines ever to operate there. DM&IRs; were the only Yellowstones to have a high-capacity pedestal or centipede tender, and had roller bearings on all axles.

The colliery was renamed Hic Bibi Colliery in the 1860s. It had several owners and after it closed in the 1880s, fireclay was used at a brickworks started and operated by the Ellerbeck Collieries Company until it closed in 1959. Chisnall Hall Colliery on Coppull Moor was owned by Pearson and Knowles Coal and Iron Company in 1896 when it employed 135 underground and 48 surface workers. After 1850 Coppull grew rapidly, many rows of houses were built to house coal miners and factory workers.

The Mount Morgan Mine also operated assay laboratories, brickworks, foundry, power house and workshops (including carpentry, electrical and plumbing) as part of its operations.Operations of Mount Morgan Limited, September, 1969 pp12-27 The Mount Morgan Mine also contained Fireclay Caverns excavated to provide clay for the mine brickworks. Wealth from the Mount Morgan mine funded Persian oil exploration, establishing the Anglo- Persian Oil Company, which became BP in 1954. Wealth from the Mount Morgan mine was also bequeathed in 1912 to establish the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research.

Nearby, on the flanks of Clee Hill, a standard gauge railway incline provided means of exporting quarried stone from above Cleehill village. This railway infrastructure remained intact until abandoned in the early 1960s.D.J. Norton Railway Photographs In the past the quarries have also been worked (on a much smaller scale) for coal, fireclay and limestone. Early in the 20th century, a further large quarry (the Magpie Quarry) opened on the eastern side of Clee Hill and an aerial ropeway was built to carry stone off the hill eastwards to the railway at Detton Ford.

At Brymbo Middle signalbox a short trailing branch south-west to Vron served the collieries there, passing through the steelworks en route. The section from Brymbo West onwards to Minera remained solely in GWR ownership: traversing the rural area west of Brymbo, it passed the brickworks at Cae-llo and the steel company's siding at the Smelt mine, where fireclay and coal were mined, before reaching Minera, 3 miles and 1234 yards beyond Brymbo West. This part of the route featured a large number of level crossings over minor roads.

By the middle of the 18th century, the Haven was a busy port, exporting oysters, salt, local glassware, ceramics, bricks, fireclay, coal, and chemicals, including sulphuric acid. Imports were brandy from France, port wine from Portugal, Delft china from the Low countries, leather from the Baltic port Danzig, and furs from Canada. A map of 1773 shows the port having two breakwaters. The importance of the Haven is reflected in the fact that it has customs jurisdiction over the coastline from Figgate Burn, Portobello all the way to the Tyne at Belhaven.

A Buchan trap (alternative names: Bristol interceptor, interceptor trap and disconnecting trap) is a device made from fireclay located in a domestic sewer pipe to prevent odours entering the pipe from the public sewer and thus the property served by the drain. The trap uses a water seal to prevent air from the public sewer entering the property. In the days before individual plumbing fittings were separately trapped, the smell from the public sewer could permeate the house. Waste flows from the house through a U-bend in the trap.

J&J; Dyson mined fireclay at their open cast quarry at Wheatshire between Ughill and Sugworth. The quarry is closed but can still be seen from the nearby road. Thos. Wragg had small firebrick works at Load Brook (closed 1957) and Brookside (Stopes Road, Stannington, closed 1960) the former previously owned by the Trickett family, the latter by the Drabble family and a major works (Old Wheel Brick Works) in the nearby Loxley Valley. Wraggs along with its local competitors, J&J; Dyson of Griffs Works, Stannington and Thos.

Gannister :Gannister is siliceus fireclay which can be used to make firebricks. Garland :A garland was a water channel or gutter in the lining of a mine shaft. Gate :A gate is a tunnel serving the coal face, the maingate is where fresh air enters and the tailgate is where spent air exits. Goaf, gove or gob :The goaf, gove, gob, shut or waste is the void from which all the coal in a seam has been extracted and where the roof is allowed to collapse in a controlled manner.

A sixth-generation Missourian, Bond was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Elizabeth (née Green) and Arthur D. Bond. His father was captain of the 1924 Missouri Tigers football team and a Rhodes Scholar. His maternal grandfather, A.P. Green, founded A.P. Green Industries, a fireclay manufacturer and a major employer for many years in Bond's hometown Mexico, Missouri. Bond graduated from Deerfield Academy in 1956 and then attended Princeton University and graduated in 1960 with an A.B. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.

Map showing areas where various minerals are found in West Bengal West Bengal stands third in the country in terms of mineral production. The state contributes about one-fifth to the total production of minerals in the country. Coal constitutes 99% of the minerals extracted in West Bengal; fireclay, china clay, limestone, copper, iron, wolfram, manganese and dolomite are mined in small quantities. There are good possibilities of obtaining mineral oil and natural gas in the areas near the Bay of Bengal, in Purba Medinipur, Sundarbans, South 24 Parganas and North Bengal plains.

Combermere Colliery was a coal mine operating on the Manchester Coalfield after 1867 in Shakerley, Tyldesley, Greater Manchester, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England. Combermere Colliery's two shafts, one for ventilation, were sunk to the Rams mine at 315 feet and the black and White mine at 600 feet by the Tyldesley Coal Company and opened in 1867. The colliery had a short life and closed in 1893. The company built a brickworks using fireclay from the mine at Combermere and the railway to it operated until the mid-1930s.

The railway through the halt was first and foremost a mineral railway, with the short-lived workmen's and passenger services an afterthought. A waggonway had climbed Rose Hill itself in the first half of the nineteenth century, connecting Harrington harbour with John Pit and Hodgson Pit. Later developments eventually ran northwards towards Workington and northeastwards to meet the Gilgarran Branch at Bain's Siding. The driving forces were coal at Lowca, fireclay and bricks at Micklam (primarily aimed at lining furnaces at Workington's steelworks), coke and coking bi-products.

The railway through Copperas Hill was first and foremost a mineral railway, with the short-lived workmen's and passenger services an afterthought. A waggonway had reached a chemical works at the station site in the first half of the nineteenth century, connecting Harrington harbour with John Pit and Hodgson Pit. Later developments, eventually ran northwards towards Workington and northeastwards to meet the Gilgarran Branch at Bain's Siding. The driving forces were coal at Lowca, fireclay and bricks (primarily aimed at lining furnaces at Workington's steelworks), coke and coking bi-products.

The railway through Micklam was first and foremost a mineral railway, with the short-lived workmen's and passenger services an afterthought. Lines first reached the site at the end of the Nineteenth Century, eventually running northwards towards Workington and southeastwards to meet the Gilgarran Branch at Bain's Siding. The driving forces were coal at Lowca, fireclay and bricks (primarily aimed at lining furnaces at Workington's steelworks), coke and coking bi-products. Centrepiece for over fifty years was Harrington No. 10 Colliery which, confusingly, was not in Harrington, but in Lowca.

Coal was shipped from mines at Newcastle, New South Wales and on the West Coast to a special coal wharf in Evans Bay. It was trucked by rail a short distance to the company's gasworks through a cutting in the concealing range of hills. Only a handful of men were required to work Miramar's retorts, vertical bottles of fireclay opened at both top and bottom when required. The coal went in automatically from overhead bunkers and stayed in the retort about twelve hours by which time all the gas had been driven out of it and the residue was pure coke or carbon.

The area, about four miles from the market town of Mold, was primarily agricultural until the nineteenth century, when following the discovery of coal and iron ore seams, an ironworks and a series of collieries were opened. In 1892, a bed of fireclay was discovered and a brickworks was subsequently opened. There was also a silica quarry nearby at Waun y Llyn. The industries were served by a branch of the London and North Western Railway, who in 1892 introduced a passenger service to Coed Talon, running over part of the Wrexham and Minera Joint Railway to Brymbo in Denbighshire.

These could process much larger amounts of lead ore, but were expensive to run, consuming large amounts to coal, and needing frequent replacements of their fireclay brick linings. They were soon abandoned and a number of the simpler ore hearths were installed in 1855. Since these produced greater quantities of lead dust and fumes, the flue was extended at the same time to the new chimney. Diagram of a round buddle, with fine material being sprayed into the pit from four revolving heads The 1853 lease required the company to reduce the pollution being washed out of its mills and down the beck.

A view of the inclined plane railway's embankment Monkcastle in 1811 Until 1945 the Douglas Firebrick Company Ltd had its works located where the Wilson Car Auction company now trades (2010).Douglas Firebrick Company Limited. A double track narrow gauge railway, working through a gravity driven 'cable and pulleys' system ran from the works to the fireclay mine on the lands of High Monkcastle. The surface of the inclined plane railroad was paved with firebricks, for employees to walk up the tracks to get to the main Dalry to Kilwinning road where they could catch a bus.

One attraction of the region for glass makers was the local deposits of fireclay, a material suitable for making the pots in which glass was melted. In 1642 at the start of the Civil War, Charles I failed to capture the two arsenals of Portsmouth and Hull, which although in cities loyal to Parliament were located in counties loyal to him. As he had failed to capture the arsenals, Charles did not possess any supply of swords, pikes, guns, or shot; all these the Black Country could and did provide. From Stourbridge came shot, from Dudley cannon.

Heading north and slightly to the east from Murray Central, the Blue and Red lines cross West Vine Street (West 5090 South) and over Little Cottonwood Creek before continuing directly north as they cross West 4800 South and the 4500 South Frontage Road. After crossing over West 4500 South (SR-266) the lines reach Murray North at about 4300 South. After crossing West Fireclay Avenue the lines curve slightly to the west as they continue north and cross over Big Cottonwood Creek. Upon crossing over Big Cottonwood Creek, the lines also leave Murray and briefly enter unincorporated Salt Lake County.

It also encouraged the re-use of engines on other sites. The small Birmingham engine is known to have worked on at least three different sites as a winding engine, grinding fireclay and finally as a farm chaff cutter, a working life of around 130 years. The Cobb's Brewery engine (1825) at Margate was one of a batch built for a sugar plantation in the West Indies, but owing to their bankruptcy before shipping it was sent instead to South America. Its ship then foundered on the North Foreland and it was purchased from the wreck for use locally.

Load Brook seen from the east, the coniferous plantation in the background is the site of the old mine The hamlet of Load Brook is located about roughly southwest of Dungworth at around above sea level.Ordnance Survey, 1:25,000, c. 2010 Load Brook was developed from a farm to a minor industrial site in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Ordnance Survey. 1:10560; 1854–5Ordnance Survey, 1:2500; 1891–3, 1903, 1923 A "pot clay" mine (pot clay – a type of fireclay from the Stannington pot clay bed) was developed to the southwest in the 1850s by William Trickett, a local farmer.

Eglinton Archive, Eglinton Country Park The relaying of track with a heavier rail suitable for steam locomotives and the gauge conversion from 4 ft 6ins to 4 ft 8½ins took place in Spring 1840, however the track to the coal pits below Patterton Farm was not converted and seems to have been lifted due to the closure of the mines it had served. A Standard Gauge railway ran down to the collieries at 'low' Doura via a junction on the line to Perceton, and served the fireclay, brickworks and tileworks in this area as shown by 19th century and early 20th century OS maps.

Most deep mining was at New Ingleton Pit sunk in 1913. Its sinking led to the discovery of the Ten Foot seam (house and steam coal) at 127 yards, and the Nine Foot seam (steam and house coal) at 134 yards. Beneath them are the Four Foot seam (house, gas and coking coal) at 233 yards, the Three Foot or Yard seam (house and gas coal) at 236 yards and the Six Foot seam (steam and house coal) at 260 yards. Commercially viable deposits of fireclay lay under the Three Foot seam and pottery clay beneath the Six Foot seam used to make Ingleton Bricks.

Cadbury's still makes chocolate in the city today and Bournville remains a sought after area to live in. 1900: John Wright invents a much-improved gas fire, which uses fretted columns of fireclay, rather than tufted asbestos, to radiate the heat. The Wright design of gas fire heating endures throughout the century, however, electric fires improve at a similar pace. Porsche Carrera S composite ceramic brake, perfected over one hundred years after the original patent is taken out by Frederick William Lanchester 1902: The first caliper-type automobile disc brake is patented by Frederick William Lanchester in his Birmingham factory and used successfully on Lanchester cars.

Attempts were made to exploit coal which outcropped in Bretton but were small in scale. A mine was operated by Thomas Wood in 1806, Bretton Colliery managed by Tweedale and Watson paid rent to the estate in 1820s and bell pits, the Gate Royd Pits, (near the motorway service area) operated in 1849, The Jagger Brothers who owned Emley Colliery opened shafts on Malt Kiln Farm between 1856 and 1871. Where millstone grit outcropped it was quarried, mostly between the 17th and 19th centuries and is the building stone for farmhouses and boundary walls. There was a brickworks producing rustic red bricks from fireclay outcrops near Bower Hill Lane.

The equipment was on a commercial scale but devoted to studio work. The pottery was called Mungeribar: "red clay" in the local Aboriginal (Woiwurrung) language. :… we finally arrived at a stoneware body mixing a local fireclay with commercial red clay, china clay and ball clay … it works well and reduces to a red-brown with lighter speckling … Most of the glazes we use are, as a result, in the darker earthy colours but speckled light greys and ochres are also possible. The Mungeribar Pottery's mark is a Macdonald's em impressed; Sprague's personal mark is a capital I over a horizontal separator and the Morse code for S—three dots.

Micklam railway station served the fireclay mine and brickworks at Micklam, a short distance north of Lowca in the former county of Cumberland, England, which is now part of Cumbria. A public passenger service called at the station between 2 June 1913 and May 1926, though unadvertised workmen's trains had started in April 1912 and continued until April 1929, after which all forms of passenger service ceased. By 1922 the service had settled down to three trains each way between Lowca and Workington Central, calling at Micklam. There was an extra on Saturdays, but it passed through Micklam without stopping.. There never was a public Sunday service.

The hot blast process consumed large quantities of local coal; the processes previously in use had required coke, for the production of which the local coals were unsuitable. This encouraged further coal production, as well as ironstone extraction. The smelting process also required limestone, conveyed at first by horse and cart from the Cumbernauld area; and fireclay, available in the Gartsherrie and Garnkirk areas, for manufacturing refractory bricks for lining the kilns and withstanding high temperatures. The M&KR; found itself straddling the centre of the iron smelting industry, but aligned and engineered for carrying coal to Kirkintilloch, and not connected to the developing ironstone and coal pits.

Wraggs and Marshalls along with Dysons at nearby Stannington, specialised in manufacturing fireclay based casting pit (pouring pit) refractory holloware and ladle flow control bricks for the steel industry worldwide. Carblox, part of the Marshall group, shared the Storrs Bridge Works site manufacturing carbon blocks for use in hearths in blast furnaces. All three plants (Marshalls, Wraggs and Carblox) closed following a collapse in demand for casting pit refractories of the type made locally mainly because of the introduction of continuous casting of steel worldwide and because of the general decline of the British steel industry. Farming in the Loxley Valley was extended by the passing of the Wadsley and Loxley Chase Parliamentary Act in 1789.

The Ironbridge Gorge looking east towards the Iron Bridge The Ironbridge Gorge is a deep gorge, containing the River Severn in Shropshire, England. It was first formed by a glacial overflow from the long drained away Lake Lapworth, at the end of the last ice age. The deep exposure of the rocks cut through by the gorge exposed commercial deposits of coal, iron ore, limestone and fireclay, which enabled the rapid economic development of the area during the early Industrial Revolution. Originally called the Severn Gorge, the gorge now takes its name from its famous Iron Bridge, the first iron bridge of its kind in the world, and a monument to the industry that began there.

Russell Square station, Piccadilly line, with the oxblood tiles used on many London Underground station buildings. From 1903, the English architect Leslie Green used an industrial, solid, sang de boeuf glaze on the glazed architectural terra-cotta tiles for the exteriors of the stations of a large part of the London Underground system, which was then divided between a number of commercial companies. His employer, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London was building the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway and the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway, which are now respectively sections of the Piccadilly line, Bakerloo line and Northern line. The Leeds Fireclay Company made the tiles.

Moulded first floor detailing and cornice Blue plaque from Leeds Civic Trust The Majestic is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II listed building as a nationally important example of an early twentieth-century cinema, having been designated on 14 June 1993. The Majestic is a two-storey building in the Beaux-Arts style clad in Marmo artificial marble, a glazed terracotta which was made by the Leeds Fireclay Co at Burmantofts. Until restoration, this white material was blackened for many years by the polluted environment of Leeds. It is sited on the corner of Wellington Street and Quebec Street, with a curved and decorative entrance facade facing City Square.

On 23 June 2011, Leicestershire County Council reached agreement with UK Coal for them to extract coal and fireclay at their Minorca Opencast site near Measham. As part of the planning gain, UK Coal will alter Gallows Lane to allow the new canal to pass under it, will provide a water storage lake, reducing the cost of the next phase by £1 million, and will provide £1.28 million to fund the reconstruction of the section north of Snarestone. They will also make available any clay removed from the site which is suitable for puddling the new section of waterway. Work on the extension towards Measham has been undertaken by contractors and volunteers, including members of the Waterway Recovery Group.

Stone was also exported via the railway to the south of England to build the Woolwich Arsenal and Portsmouth Admiralty Docks. Most of the other quarries supplying building stone in the dale are to be found in the northern and western locations. The dale is known to be at the northern edge of the Yorkshire Coalfield, which yielded coal, fireclay, ironstone, sandstone and brick clay, most of which were quarried or mined in the Bradford area and contributed to its enormous growth in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1866, all of the collieries in the Bradford district produced a combined of coal, most of which was used in smelting of metals.

Prior to the nineteenth century, the Deerness Valley was sparsely populated, with those who lived in the farms and small villages engaged in agriculture. There had been some small scale extraction of coal from the deposits in the valley, but in 1836 the first commercial coal mine opened at Hedleyhope, and by the end of the century, there were at least 20 mines in operation, served by the railway. Records for 1896 show that there were a total of 6,974 men and boys employed as miners in the valley, with 5,186 working underground and 1,788 working on the surface. In addition to seven types of coal, clay and fireclay were extracted, while at Ushaw Moor and New Brancepeth, deposits of witherite and barites were also exploited.

Drury Pottery & Fireclay Works in 1906 Coal mining was a significant early industry established in Drury during the 1850s, and saw the formation of the Waihoihoi Mining and Coal Company in 1859. Continued success with coal mining led to the opening of one of New Zealand's earliest tramways by the company in 1862, consisting of 4ft 8in gauge track with a length of 5.2km, whereby coal was transported to Slippery Creek for shipment to Onehunga. Another early industry seen in Drury was that of an extensive brick and pottery works, linked to a nearby quarry by a tram line at the foot of the Drury Hills. The brick and pottery industry in Drury appears to have operated until at least 1928.

Shotton Surface Mine is an open cast coal mine located on the estate of Blagdon Hall, Northumberland, UK, operated by Banks Group. The mine was granted permission by the government in 2007, despite being refused permission by Blyth Valley Council, with an initial agreement to mine 3.4 million tonnes of coal, 2 million tonnes of shale and 750,000 tonnes of fireclay. This was subsequently extended by two years in 2011 to allow an additional 2 million tonnes of coal to be mined, set to end in 2016. An additional expansion approved in 2014 saw two new pits being opened on the site, Shotton Triangle (290,000 tonnes of coal) and Shotton South West (250,000 tonnes of coal), with the end date pushed back a year to October 2017.

As older collieries became uneconomic or were worked out, new mines were opened further afield and deeper underground (or undersea, as at Lowca.) The critical ones in this context were Harrington No 9 Pit and Harrington No 10 Pit, both on the clifftop at Lowca. "Harrington" in this context was now doubly confusing as the pits were not in Harrington and the Harrington Colliery Company had ceased trading as an independent entity. The pits came into operation in 1911, along with new coke ovens nearby.Coking plant and bi-products, via Cumbria Industries This surge in activity and the assured future of Micklam's 1901 fireclay mine and associated brickworks (the output was used extensively to line blast furnaces) led to increased traffic using the mineral line along the clifftops and increased the need for labour in this remote and inaccessible spot.

Overton, previously Overtoun or Evertoun (1775) is surprisingly not on the 1821 map, however it is shown on Thomson's map of 1820. The 1895 OS shows the main line railway and a mineral or freight line branching off near Cunninghamhead railway station and running close to Overton with a branch running parallel to the road to Southhook just in front of the shelterbelt plantation. These lines are gone by 1912 and only some low embankments remain today. In 1860 miners rows, coal pit, school and fireclay works were all located near the point where the Capringstone Burn passes under the road at what is now the Meadow Wood Community Woodland site. Overton Row is marked on the 1912 OS, the place was called Overton, by 1936 only one row remained—Warwickdale Row —it was finally demolished in the late 1950s or 60s, only the foundation being visible today (2007).

Although this provided a route to Glasgow by-passing the Monkland Canal, "there seems little doubt that the principal intention of the M&KR; promoters was the provision of a convenient route for Monkland coal to the Edinburgh market."Don Martin, The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway, Strathkelvin District Libraries and Museums, 1981 Accordingly, it was the principal coal consumers in Glasgow who were dominant in proposing a railway to convey coal directly to Glasgow. The chief sponsors included Charles Tennant & Co, who had their St. Rollox chemical works at Townhead, Glasgow, adjacent to the Monkland Canal. The railway was called The Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway, (G&GR;) indicating the route and destination of the new railway; although there were extensive fireclay deposits at Garnkirk, it was not an important terminal of the new railway: most of the mineral traffic would originate on the M&KR; system. The company was to have authorised capital of £28,497 17s 4d.

In 1837, the Manor Pottery was established by Jeremiah Rawson, lord of the manor on a site east of the Undercliffe Road- Pullan Avenue junction using beds of shale, fireclay and coal at a deep quarry near Bolton Junction at a site now partly occupied by Kents Fitness Gym. There was a rail tunnel under Leeds Road, then known as Pottery Lane, with waggons carrying clay and minerals from the quarry to the pottery on the other side of the road. Manor Pottery produced a salt glazed brown stoneware, household utensils, brown and cream crockery, ornaments, garden vases, busts, and statuettes although these did not bear any distinguishing marks. Although the product stood comparison with other local wares, the local market for pottery was eventually supplied by better and cheaper stoneware from Staffordshire, and by 1867 the pottery had been sold to William Woodhead and production switched over to house bricks, firebricks and sewer pipes.

View of the town of Mount Morgan and the mine beyond from the Queensland National Hotel Mount Morgan Museum, 2004 Sacred Heart Catholic Church, 1907 Prior to European migrants settling in the area, the area was part of the Kangulu peoples traditional lands. Mount Morgan was founded as a gold mining town in 1882, and over time the Mount Morgan Mine has produced gold, silver and copper. Among those making a fortune from this mine was William Knox D'Arcy. D'Arcy used his fortune to finance oil exploration in Iran, which led to the formation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP). Mining of clay in a nearby hill for the production of furnace bricks commenced soon after that time, continuing until the early 1900s, The resulting man-made caves came to be known as the Fireclay Caverns, which contained large openings that measure between 4–12 metres in height from the cave floor.

Although a return to traditional deep mining methods in Marley Hill and the surrounding area is extremely unlikely, substantial reserves of coal remain. However, these reserves remain largely untapped as they would need to be obtained by opencast mining. This has already proven to be controversial, with a planning application to extract 480,000 tonnes of coal and 100,000 tonnes of fireclay on an area of farmland at Skon's Park, just north of Burnopfield coming up against strong local objection, particularly from Derwent Residents Against Mining Application (DRAMA), led by Burnopfield resident Eddie Stringer, who were supported by former miner and Labour MP Dave Anderson, several Liberal Democrat councillors and the National Trust. These objections centred primarily on the potential issues of noise and dust, large numbers of heavy goods vehicles travelling through Marley Hill, Byermoor and Sunniside, as well as the proposed mine's close proximity to the Gibside Estate. The National Trust eventually bought the 150 acres of land in question for £500,000 to prevent further mining applications.