St Mary's is constructed in flint and clunch rubble, with some brick. The clunch came from a nearby quarry at Ashwell. The brick was inserted to replace worn-away clunch. It is a small church with a nave and chancel without any division between them.
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Flint and the pale stone, clunch used together in a checkerboard pattern on the wall of the side chapel at St Michael's Church, Mickleham, Surrey. Clunch is a traditional building material of chalky limestone rock used mainly in eastern England and Normandy. Clunch distinguishes itself from archetypal forms of limestone by being softer in character when cut, such as resembling chalk in lower density, or with minor clay-like components.
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Up until the early 20th century the building material known as clunch (a soft rock which is one type of chalk limestone) was dug in Burwell. Remains of the open quarry can be seen either side of Bloomsfield. Clunch was used to build many of the houses in Burwell and remains the name of the local community magazine.
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The church is constructed in flint, pebbles and clunch, with clunch and limestone dressings. Repairs have been carried out in brick. The flat roofs are covered in copper, the nave roof is tiled, and the spire is covered in lead. The plan consists of a nave with a north aisle, a central tower, and a chancel with a north chapel.
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The Church of St Peter dating from the 14th century is constructed of coursed ironstone, cobbles and clunch with large parts of clunch and ironstone banding. Considerable repairs were made in 1621, especially in the south-west part of the church and the tower. The whole building was restored in 1874. Tempsford Methodist Church was built in 1804 and is in the St. Neots and Huntingdon Circuit.
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Orwell Clunch Pit is a 1.8 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the northern outskirts of Orwell in Cambridgeshire. It is owned by Orwell Parish Council and managed by the Clunch Pit Management Trust. This former stone quarry has a rich chalk grassland flora, a habitat which has become scarce in eastern England. Herbs including kidney vetch, horseshoe vetch, spiny restharrow and wild thyme.
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It is bounded on the west by the M11 motorway and by field boundaries, and on the east by the River Cam or Granta. The highest point of the parish is Clunch Pit Hill, 31 m (TL447499).
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The church is constructed in flint rubble, and contains some freestone and puddingstone. The dressings are in clunch and re- used Roman bricks. The roofs are tiled. The plan consists of a nave and chancel, with a south porch and a north vestry.
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The church is constructed in ironstone and sandstone rubble. The dressings are in Bargate stone and clunch. Part of the north wall is rendered, and the north porch is timber-framed. The nave is roofed with Horsham slabs, the aisle and porch with tiles, and the transept with slates.
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St Mary's is constructed mainly in ironstone rubble with some clunch, and has ashlar dressings. The roofs are tiled. Its plan consists of a nave with a south porch, a chancel, and a northwest bell turret. The east window in the chancel has five lights and contains panel tracery.
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The plot centers around three young men who become lost in the woods, but are given shelter for the night by Clunch, a blacksmith, and his wife Madge (the eponymous 'old wife'). During their stay, one retires to bed with Clunch, while the other two are entertained by their hostess, who tells them a fairy-tale, which, to her surprise, comes to life: her characters appearing and telling it for her (the 'play-within-the play'). One strand of the plot involves two brothers who are on an adventure searching for their sister, Delia, who is being held captive by the magician Sacrapant (compare Milton's Comus). The magician also captures the brothers.
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The tower is constructed in clunch and flint with limestone dressings. The rest of the church is in gault brick with stone dressings. The roof is slated. Its plan consists of a three-bay nave with north and south aisles, north and south transepts, a chancel, and a west tower.
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Syleham Mill was a post mill on a two storey roundhouse. The roundhouse is built of clunch. The four Spring sails were carried on a cast iron windshaft and powered two pairs of millstones arranged head and tail. The Head wheel and tail wheel were both of wooden clasp arm construction.
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The church is constructed mainly in pebblestone, with dressings in stone and clunch. It is roofed in stone and lead. Its plan consists of a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a north porch, a chancel with a north vestry, and a west tower. The tower is in four stages.
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The church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. The west tower was built in the early 13th century and is the most ancient part of a very ancient building. The tower is square with three storeys and is supported by eight buttresses. It is built of locally quarried clunch (from Burwell).
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Hinxworth Place Hinxworth Place is a medieval manor house near Hinxworth, Hertfordshire, England. Formerly the Manor of Pulters, building was started c. 1390. The construction is of clunch with loose flint filling cavities in the lower part of the walls. There is 16th century decoration painted directly onto the stonework in one of the upper rooms.
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The church is constructed in flint rubble, with limestone and clunch dressings. The roofs have red tiles and the porch is timber. Its plan consists of a nave with a south porch, a chancel, and a west tower. The architectural style of the nave and chancel is Anglo-Saxon, and the rest of the church is Gothic.
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There is a niche with a round head on the east wall of the nave. The font dates from the 13th century, and has a plain octagonal bowl on a clunch pedestal. The communion rail, dating from the late 17th century, has barley-twist balusters. The benches date from the late 15th century, and the floor tiles from the 18th century.
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Tower from the west South porch and nave St Nicholas’ is of flint rubble, clunch and limestone construction, and cruciform footprint. It comprises a chancel, nave, north and south transepts, a west tower and a south porch, and is of Early English and Perpendicular style. The roofs are red tiled throughout. The church's 15th-century three- stage tower is of Gothic Perpendicular style.
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The core of the present house is Elizabethan. However the south wing known as King John's tower, for some anachronistic reason, dates to the 14th century. This tower is constructed of clunch, a building material peculiar to Buckinghamshire, which is a combination of chalk and mud. The tower has traceried Gothic windows and the remains of the original spiral staircase.
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Park Lane Chapel is one of several small chapels built for Strict Baptists in the early to mid-19th century in Surrey. The walls are of clunch rubble laid in courses, and the west-facing frontage is coated with stucco. The doorway is recessed below a straight-headed porch. There is a datestone on the façade, and above the doorway is a rose window and a pediment.
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"The Clunch Pit" has views into three different counties, as the pit places visitors a couple hundred feet above the village below. It also contains a very small cave. The parish is home to Malton Farm the only remaining part of the former village of Malton which was a separate parish to Orwell until the late 18th century. The oldest surviving houses in the village date from the 16th century.
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Church of All Saints, Cople Church of All Saints is a Grade I listed church in Cople, Bedfordshire, England. It became a listed building on 13 July 1964. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is constructed of sandstone and Dunstable clunch, in the Early English Period and Perpendicular styles. It contains a chancel with side chapels, nave with clerestory, aisles, south porch and a tower containing 5 bells.
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The church is built from the local clunch stone and flint with some addition of Roman bricks. The architecture is Norman throughout apart from porches added in the 14th and 15th centuries. A 19th century vestry was added on the north east corner. In 1302 a cell to Ashridge Priory was founded in Hemel Hempstead and the church had collegiate status until the Dissolution of the monasteries in 1536.
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The West window of the north aisle is by the Royal Bavarian Art Institute for Stained Glass and dates from about 1850. The font is Victorian and has a square bowl of clunch with scalloped under-edge, resting on a chamfered square stem and four small stone shafts with scalloped capitals and moulded bases. The pulpit, which was added by Goodchild, is of stone and marble and replaced one from the 17th-century.
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The roofs of the nave, its aisles and the two chapels are late mediaeval. The chancel roof is modern but is supported on eight 15th-century corbels carved as half angels holding blank shields. The stoup outside and immediately to the South of the West door with a projecting broken bowl is late mediaeval. The sundial in the South wall of the chancel and incised on a block of clunch is also mediaeval.
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Twin buttresses were erected against the west wall around 1718 to alleviate concerns that the church could slip down the hill. The internal beams are original and the bells date from the 17th century. The church was constructed from a variety of materials; the nave incorporates clunch (a type of limestone), flint and ironstone, and the mouldings of the doors and windows are made from Reigate stone. The church has been important ecclesiastically.
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The North and South walls of the nave have, in each wall, one window of three cinquefoil lights in ogee arches and square head. The clunch tracery and the mullion and architrave are of limestone, which may indicate they are part of an earlier restoration. The gabled, brick and rubblestone north porch is 19th century. The chancel has in the north wall two windows, each of two cinquefoil lights in four centred arch.
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The Smidth Kiln at Betchworth Quarry was constructed in around 1901. Chalk and flint have been quarried from Box Hill and the surrounding area for many centuries. There are limited surviving examples of the incorporation of chalk blocks (or clunch) into the stonework of local buildings (including Mickleham Church). Walls made of flints, bound together by lime mortar, are particularly common in Surrey and quicklime could be produced with relative ease, by heating chalk above in a kiln.
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The cathedral is built from stone quarried from Barnack in Northamptonshire (bought from Peterborough Abbey, whose lands included the quarries, for 8000 eels a year), with decorative elements carved from Purbeck Marble and local clunch. The plan of the building is cruciform (cross-shaped), with an additional transept at the western end. The total length is ,The English Cathedral. Tatton-Brown, T. and Crook, J. and the nave at over long remains one of the longest in Britain.
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St Michael's Church and lychgate, viewed from the south west. The main place of worship is St. Michael's Church, surrounded by St. Michael's Churchyard. The church (in full the "Parish Church of St. Michael and All Angels in Mickleham") has a Norman west tower and a Norman chancel arch, raised in the 1871 restoration by Ewan Christian, who added neo-Norman aisles and east end. The Norbury chapel on the north side is late Perpendicular, with chequerboard flint and clunch walling.
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Looking East towards the chancel The 15th-century baptismal font Votive crosses carved into the stonework of the porch St Vincent's church was consecrated by Herbert de Losinga, Bishop of Norwich, and is built of clunch rubble masonry with dressed stones visible on the stair turret. The outer walls were rendered in Roman cement during the Victorian period with scribed lines intended to imitate ashlar. The chancel is 31 ft. 3 in. by 12 ft. 7 in., the nave 48 ft. 3 in.
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The village of Burwell is served by media sources that include the community magazine Clunch, dealing with news on a village level. The village is within the catchment area of the Cambridge News and Newmarket Journal newspapers, and the radio stations BBC Radio Cambridgeshire and Heart East. For regional television, Burwell is in the BBC East and ITV Anglia regions. Among several books about the village is the illustrated Memories of Burwell by Frank Czucha published in April 2017, which is available locally.
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It was totally renovated, and modernised, resulting in the house as it is today.Robertland House. Accessed : 2009/11/27 The estate was put up for sale in 1913, consisting of , with as woodland and as moss, 26 farms were present, and shooting rights were held for Glenouther Moor. Nether Robertland, Fulshaw, Clonherb, Broadmoss, Cauldhame, Braehead, Hairshaw, Lintbrae, Overhill, Burnfoot, Pokelly (East & West), Clunch (High & Low), Derclabboch and others were part of the Robertland Estate at the time of the sale.
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In the Merovingian period, the Pays de Caux became distinct from Talou: the ancient city of the Caletes separated into entities or ‘countries’ in the sense of the Latin pagus. From the creation of the county of Rouen and of the Duchy of Normandy in 911, the Vikings settled a great number of people in the region and left an enduring legacy in the Cauchois dialect but also in the ethnic makeup of the Cauchois Normans. Pays de Caux. A small building in brick, flint and clunch.
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An incident remembered by Mrs. Wilson is that of Mr. Neilson challenging a young man from Kilmaurs to a fist fight because he had found that the man was courting one of his housemaids. The 'mansion' house of 1910 has had a number of changes of use after it was a private house, being the headquarters of an insurance company and a hotel under several different owners, before becoming a family home again around 2004. The Lobnitz family of Chapeltoun House moved to High Clunch.
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The 15th century tower The oldest part of the church is the south end of the nave and the Norman clunch chancel arch. The tower was built in the 15th century and the nave was extended at that time to connect with it and the walls of the nave were heightened. The windows and porch also date from that time, as do the older pews and the font.Giles, p24 In 1814 the north doorway was blocked up and the coat of arms which now hang over the south door replaced an earlier larger one.
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Steam ploughing in 1884 revealed remains of a Roman villa built of clunch in a field just west of Woolstone village. Members of the Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society visited the site in 1884, found the south wall of the villa was at least long and there were Roman mosaics in two central rooms of the villa. The villa was excavated again in 1955. No permanent marker of the site was left after either excavation, but a geophysical survey tentatively identified what may be the site in 2007.
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This represents a very early example by Sussex standards, dating from a period when stained glasswork was moving from the grisaille style and the basic Tree of Jesse towards Biblical figures. The nave and chancel were structurally divided in the early 14th century by a horseshoe-shaped chancel arch built of clunch and covered with elaborate decorative mouldings. The remains of a contemporary wall painting are visible above it, and on each side there is a recess—the left-hand one of which has a carving of a human hand on its corbel.
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There was once a man-made hill near to where the Church now stands, and an old map shows it as being pointed and that a spring emerged from its foot. The date of this hill is not known, but if it was made for a religious purpose then it may well pre-date the Church. There is an old excavation site for clunch, a traditional building material, in the side of the hill. It is now overgrown with wild flowers and is grazed by rare breeds of sheep.
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When the stone dries out it becomes harder, and is not as easy to cut. Clunch is generically a soft limestone. It can be rich in iron-bearing clays or be very fine and white -- in effect just chalk. It is used in various parts of East Anglia, where more durable stone is uncommon, and can be seen frequently in and around Thetford -- mostly now for property boundary walls where not a long-lasting material, but it is also used for some building walls, especially in traditional agricultural buildings.
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The lowest layer of the chalk is the Chalk Marl, which, with the Totternhoe Clunch Stone above it, lies at the base of the Chiltern Hills escarpment. This is visible as a terrace projecting north-westwards, near Whipsnade and Ivinghoe. Above these beds, the Lower and Middle Chalk, without flints, rise up sharply to form the steepest part of the Dunstable Downs, which are the easterly continuation of the Chiltern Hills. Next comes the Chalk Rock, which, being a hard bed, caps the hilltops by Boxmoor, Apsley End and near Baldock.
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The church dates from the 13th century, and was completed in 1474 with funding from Walter Blount, 1st Baron Mountjoy. The chancel was restored and lengthened by in 1904 by George Frederick Bodley. Some of the tombs and memorials were moved to give a better view of the altar. The new chancel has no window at the east end, but a large reredos of carved white clunch filled the whole end, which was richly carved with subjects and figures, and effectively lit by two new traceried windows of three lights each in the north and south walls of the sanctuary.
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A freestone is a stone used in masonry for molding, tracery and other replication work required to be worked with the chisel. Freestone, so named because it can be freely cut in any direction, must be fine-grained, uniform and soft enough to be cut easily without shattering or splitting. Some sources, including numerous nineteenth century dictionaries, say that the stone has no grain, but this is incorrect. Oolitic stones are generally used, although in some countries soft sandstones are used; in some churches an indurated chalk called clunch is employed for internal lining and for carving.
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The main structural features are a simple timber roof with exposed beams and a more intricately decorated chancel arch of the early 14th century, built of clunch. A notable architectural feature of the church is the wide variety of window designs that have survived ("a history in miniature of window architecture"): Norman slits with crude lancet heads give way to taller lancets with Early English Gothic and Decorated Gothic tracery, and later wide lancets. Six styles of window have been identified overall. The three-light east window, the only modern replacement, was put in after its predecessor's tracery gradually disappeared over the centuries.
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There are fragments of 15th- century glass in the West window of the South aisle and in the South clerestory. The church was renovated in 1881. Because clunch is so soft its use in the construction of the church has encouraged graffiti, in particular around the main entrance and in the south porch; however, due to weathering some of these have now faded. Especially noteworthy are the votive crosses inscribed by Mediaeval pilgrims and other travellers who visited the church on their journeys, possibly to the Abbey at St Albans, and which are still visible on the outside of the door arch.
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The Black Horse is a grade II listed public house in Thetford, Norfolk, England. It dates from the Mid 18th century and is constructed of flint, clunch and brick, with a colour wash over plaster, and a roof of black-glazed pantiles. It was modified and enlarged in the 19th and 20th centuries when the rooms on the ground floor were knocked into one. Beer was brewed on the premises until the 1860s (latterly by the proprietor, a Mr John W. TyrellCensus, 1861), when the pub was sold to Bidwell and Company, then Thetford's largest brewers.
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The entrance is in the lowest stage of the tower; above it the roofline of the original 11th-century church can be discerned. Inside is the nave with its north and south aisles and south chapel (now used to house the organ), and the chancel with a restored chancel arch (originally built in the Norman era using clunch, a common building material in Sussex). In the north wall of the chancel, a 14th- century aumbry can be discerned. The tower has rounded-headed windows in its middle stage and tall, much narrower rounded lancets in the upper stage.
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The Normans rebuilt and lengthened the chancel in around 1238. The east window triple lancets which still survive in the structure today date from this time as do the window and doorway with its dog-tooth decoration on the north side of the sanctuary. However, from the Lincoln Cathedral Registry—Wheathampstead fell with the See of Lincoln until 1845—the building of the central tower dates to about 1290 AD, which is the first definitive date that can be ascribed to the church. St. Helen's is built of flint rubble, or Totternhoe clunch, with flint facings and limestone dressings.
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The village of Reach has been a trading port since Roman times. From the 13th century, a fair was held there, and it was at this time that the last of the Devils Dyke were levelled. Wharfs and basins were developed, and coasters brought a wide variety of products to Reach and to the fair. The coasters stopped when Denver Sluice was built on the River Great Ouse, but smaller vessels continued to trade in agricultural produce, timber and a type of building material called clunch, which were exported through Kings Lynn, while incoming trade included building materials, stone, salts, wines and spirits.
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The present building dates from at least 1150 and was granted to Chicksands Priory by Payn de Beauchamp, founder of the Priory. This church was probably preceded by a series of wooden Saxon churches on the same site because in about 1890 excavations in the nave of the present church revealed a Saxon coffin containing human bones. The nave was built in 1150 and there are traces of a transept chapel in the north east aisle. The church is built of flint with Ashwell clunch stone dressings to the buttresses and is mainly in the Early Perpendicular style.
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Following the Norman Conquest, a wooden church at Bourn was given to the monks of Barnwell Priory by Picot, the Sheriff of Cambridgeshire, who built his wooden castle next to it. The current stone church, dedicated to St Mary and St Helena, dates from the 12th century onwards and is built of field stones and ashlar, with dressings of limestone and clunch, in the Transition Norman, Early English and Later styles. Following the Reformation, the church was given to Christ's College, Cambridge, which is patron and responsible for the chancel repairs. The tower has a twisted spire and houses a belfry with a full peal of eight bells.
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These were replaced by the large Victorian houses which feature balconies to the front. Much of the antiquated property in the village is Victorian, as the majority of the older clunch and wattle cottages have been demolished. The influence of the Dutch who, under the leadership of the engineer Vermuyden, came to drain the Fens, can be seen in several of Over's older houses - The Old Black Horse in the High Street and the Ivy House in Fen End are the most obvious, with their rounded end-walls and angled brick-ties. The town hall, in the High Street opposite Overcote Road, has the date MDCCCXLIX (1849) carved over the door.
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The church was consecrated by Charles Sumner on 8 November 1844, also in attendance was his son George Sumner (bishop of Guildford) and archdeacon Samuel Wilberforce.Hampshire Advertiser 16 November 1844 Unlike Ferrey's other designs, the church is not in his characteristic Gothic Revival style but has a "wild neo-Romanesque"/neo-Norman appearance. The walls are of clunch and sandstone, and there is an unusual four-stage circular tower." However very soon the church was too small and an appeal to extend the church stated: "A few years after the opening of the Church, Aldershot, from being an obscure hamlet, became a large Garrison town.
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The parish church of St Mary the Virgin dates to about 1150 but was probably preceded by a series of wooden Saxon churches on the same site. The church is built of flint with Ashwell clunch stone dressings to the buttresses and is mainly in the Early Perpendicular style. In about 1450 the tower was added and the chancel widened and it is believed that the baptismal font also dates from this time and is octagonal and panelled. In about 1824 much work was done at the church which included plastering the roof of the north aisle and replacing both the mediaeval carvings and the 400 year-old pews, the latter being done by local contractor William Seymour of Arlesey.
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A lock was built at the start of the lode in 1821, as a result of the passing of the Eau Brink Act, while the South Level Commissioners took over responsibility for the waterway in 1827. Trade declined rapidly after railways reached the area in the 1850s, but some carriers continued to operate, with the last load of 525 tonnes of clunch being shipped in the early 1930s, and some peat being carried for a few years after that. Upware Lock, at , used to restrict the size of boats that could use the lode, and boats longer than could not be turned at Reach. However, the mitre gates at the downstream end have been replaced by a guillotine gate, enabling boats up to to gain access, and turning at Reach with a boat is possible.
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A 1648 drainage map showing the Isle of Ely still surrounded by water Joan Blaeu (1648) Regiones Inundatae The west of Cambridgeshire is made up of limestones from the Jurassic period, whilst the east Cambridgeshire area consists of Cretaceous (upper Mesozoic) chalks known locally as clunch. In between these two major formations, the high ground forming the Isle of Ely is from a lower division Cretaceous system known as Lower Greensand which is capped by Boulder Clay; all local settlements, such as Stretham and Littleport, are on similar islands. These islands rise above the surrounding flat land which forms the largest plain of Britain from the Jurassic system of partly consolidated clays or muds. Kimmeridge Clay beds dipping gently west underlie the Lower Greensand of the area exposed, for example, about south of Ely in the Roswell Pits.
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The Macclesfield Canal had been authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained on 11 April 1826, but the Trent and Mersey Canal had managed to get a clause inserted into the Act that required them to build the final mile (1.6 km) of the route. It also enabled them to charge tolls for use of the final section, and to receive all surplus water from the Macclesfield Canal. Work began on construction in 1827, and on 20 March 1829 the engineer Thomas Telford wrote to the Trent and Mersey Company, following an inspection he had made of Knypersley Reservoir, Harecastle Tunnel and the Hall Green Branch. While generally pleased with the standard of the work on the branch, he was not happy with the use of "dense blue clunch", which had been laid on top of the puddle clay.
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Swaffham Prior chalk escarpment, observable only in a few places within the village is largely physically hidden from view. This local geological feature of the landscape is the chalk (local term clunch) escarpment of Swaffham Prior and it runs the full length of this East Cambridgeshire village dating back to Anglo-saxon times. The more modern sections of the village are built along the top of the escarpment with the older houses nestling below the cliff face backing on to the high street. The chalk escarpment straddles two very different local eco- systems- the Cambridgeshire Fens to the west, where the land slopes down and the chalk heathland to the east, known locally as Swaffham Prior heath, part of the Greater Newmarket chalk heath, where the land height increases and plateaus into a larger area towards the east.
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Mickleham is built with locally quarried flint and clunch arranged in a checkerboard pattern, in an homage to the flag of Surrey. The northeast of the county, such as the north of Tandridge (district), is in the wide part of the North Downs. Thus from the east, Tatsfield has two western pockets of slightly acid, loamy soils with free drainage otherwise has the expected shallow, lime-rich soil over chalk or limestone of the escarpment with lower parts of the escarpment summit here, where that topsoil has eroded, having slightly acid, loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage soil. Westward, the shallow lime is found all the way along the North Downs to the western border, past Guildford only a few hundred metres narrow to Farnham Castle and even Dippenhall, the latter accompaniment is found on both sides only to Buckland, well before Dorking.
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The chancel The Victorian baptismal font The pulpit was installed in 1627 The Sanctuary and sedilia It is not known if an earlier church occupied the site but if one did its materials would presumably have been incorporated into the present church, which was completed in 1381 using clunch, flint rubble and a small quantity of red bricks. St Mary's church is an impressive building with a large West tower built in four stages, the top half of the tower having been added some time after 1415 while the lead-covered wooden flèche was added between 1415 and 1562. At including the flèche, the tower is the tallest in Hertfordshire. The North porch and the aisle windows were added in the 15th century; the North porch is single storey and retains its original door arch and windows while the two-storey 14th century South porch has many of its original features with a gabled front which was restored in the 19th century.
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Calvinistic causes opened chapels catering for groups whose frequent splits and amalgamations led to the adoption of various denominational descriptions: chapels at Fernhurst, Midhurst and Petworth, all named Ebenezer, were used at various times by Strict Baptists, Particular Baptists, Independents and Gospel Standard Baptists, while a building with the same name in central Chichester passed from Independents to Congregationalists. The same happened at South Harting, where a meeting house (unusually built of clunch) that was provided for Independents in 1800 was ultimately superseded by a Congregational chapel, which survives in use, in 1871. Several Congregational chapels in other villages closed before the denomination united with the Presbyterian Church of England to form the United Reformed Church: Broadbridge, Cocking, Funtington and Wisborough Green all lost theirs. Even chapels that survived beyond the 1972 union were not immune from decline: Bosham Congregational Church, latterly Bosham United Reformed Church, held its final service in 2005.
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