Deaths related to embolisms and pregnancy-related hypertension disorders have also steadily declined.
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An autopsy found that silicone also entered Ms. Blaine's veins, causing fatal embolisms.
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Short-term complications can include infections, bleeding, problems healing, and embolisms, in which the silicone travels, he says.
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Writer Marie Brenner revealed some seriously scary stuff about the risk of pulmonary embolisms women face when on the Ring.
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Injecting silicone for cosmetic purposes has been illegal since the 2000s because of the risk of deformities, scarring and embolisms.
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He's right ... pulmonary embolisms were to blame in the deaths of stars like Heavy D and ex-NBA player Jerome Kersey.
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Williams coughed frequently due to the embolisms, and the coughs were forceful enough to cause her C-section wound to rupture.
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Injecting silicone into patients for cosmetic purposes has been illegal since the 1960s because it can cause deformities, scarring and embolisms.
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In 2011, the tennis star was hospitalized with bilateral pulmonary embolisms, a health issue that becomes an even greater risk in pregnancy.
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If performed improperly, the procedure can be fatal: silicon injected directly into leg tissue can travel to the heart and lungs, causing embolisms.
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Before her death, Marquez posted on Facebook that she was terminally ill and suffering from celiac disease, as well as seizures and pulmonary embolisms.
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As Insider previously reported, Williams was hospitalized with bilateral pulmonary embolisms following a foot surgery she needed after stepping on a piece of glass.
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In a global 2017 survey on mortality among Brazilian butt lift patients, 692 surgeons reported 32 deaths due to fat embolisms after these procedures.
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Dexxience, also known as betrixaban, is a treatment to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms in acutely ill patients who are not undergoing surgery.
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It is prescribed for people with atrial fibrillation, a common heart rhythm disorder, and to treat and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms.
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Johansson says he has treated migrant children with parasitic infections such as leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease, leukemia, pulmonary embolisms, congenital cardiac disease, pneumonia and many other ailments.
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People with other sets of neanderthal genes are more prone to heart attacks, embolisms, or complications during pregnancy, because their blood has a tendency to coagulate easily.
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Shortly after the birth of her daughter, Williams faced potentially fatal childbirth complications related to her history of pulmonary embolisms, she recalled in a Vogue cover story.
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She has a history of pulmonary embolisms, and her anticoagulant regimen had to be stopped after the surgery, the article said, and that led to the clots.
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Due to her history of pulmonary embolisms (Williams underwent emergency treatment for a life-threatening embolism in 212.7), the tennis star quickly alerted a nurse about her symptoms.
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A. No formal scientific studies have linked high heels with the formation of blood clots deep in the veins and fatal embolisms when such clots travel to the lungs.
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The drug is prescribed for people with a common heart rhythm disorder known as atrial fibrillation and to treat and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms.
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It found, as has other research, that women who hemorrhage at disproportionately black-serving hospitals are significantly more likely to experience severe complications like birth-related embolisms and emergency hysterectomies.
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The drug is prescribed for people with a common heart rhythm disorder known as a trial fibrillation and to treat and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms.
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An initial visit to the doctor led to a frantic hospital visit via ambulance, where emergency room doctors discovered she was suffering from pulmonary embolisms, with both lungs full of blood clots.
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And as a result of a 2011 incident in which she suffered bilateral pulmonary embolisms after foot surgery, Williams now needs to self-inject anticoagulants to prevent blood clots, which are more common during pregnancy.
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As the actress wrote in a New Yorker essay in March, she played the Breaker of Chains through some life-threatening personal hardships, secretly enduring two brain embolisms during her early years on the show.
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The company will look at whether physician training and implant technique are causing the higher-than-expected rate of device-related embolisms, Boston Scientific medical officers told an investor meeting at the American College of Cardiology scientific sessions in Chicago.
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Serena Williams also got lucky: The day after her emergency C-section, she said doctors and nurses dismissed her complaints about shortness of breath and her history of pulmonary embolisms, accusing her of being confused because of the pain medicine she'd been on.
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The surplus of clotting factors found in non-O types might mean you won't bleed to death as easily, but it also increases the chance of developing unneeded clots that get stuck somewhere and cut off blood circulation, which can cause potentially fatal embolisms.
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The group points to a recent study that found at least 30 people had suffered serious medical problems, including strokes, heart attacks and pulmonary embolisms, when they stopped taking the blood-thinning drug Xarelto after seeing a trial lawyer's ad on its side effects.
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He was left paraplegic, as well as having his left leg amputated below the knee due to embolisms.
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Reversible inhibition is often linked to lesser risk of bleeding. Due to this action of DTIs they can both be used for prophylaxis as well as treatment for embolisms/clots.
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An air embolism, also known as a gas embolism, is a blood vessel blockage caused by one or more bubbles of air or other gas in the circulatory system. Air embolisms may also occur in the xylem of vascular plants, especially when suffering from water stress. Air can be introduced into the circulation during surgical procedures, lung over-expansion injury, decompression, and a few other causes. Divers can suffer from arterial gas embolisms as a consequence of lung over-expansion injury.
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As in blood circulation in animals, (gas) embolisms may form within one or more xylem vessels of a plant. If an air bubble forms, the upward flow of xylem water will stop because the pressure difference in the vessel cannot be transmitted. Once these embolisms are nucleated , the remaining water in the capillaries begins to turn to water vapor. When these bubbles form rapidly by cavitation, the "snapping" sound can be used to measure the rate of cavitation within the plant .
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However, the disease, when occurring within vascular or cardiac sites, does have a risk of being complicated by the development of embolisms due to the dislodgement of blood clots that travel through the vascular system to cause, e.g. strokes.
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Flowers are small, mostly appearing in cymes or fascicles. They have two to six free, valvate sepals, though they are united in Drimys. The Winteraceae have no vessels in their xylem. This makes them relatively immune to xylem embolisms caused by freezing temperatures.
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LSE itself is typically asymptomatic. Affected persons most commonly present with embolisms secondary to dislodged vegetations. However, in some cases, severe valvular dysfunction may develop. People with LSE may present with other symptoms of the underlying diseases that give rise to LSE.
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Death report in Times of India In September 2011, Achala slipped and fell in her kitchen. She sustained a fracture in her leg. After that, she was diagnosed with multiple embolisms in her brain. This resulted in total paralysis and the loss of her vision.
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One common application of active ACG is the Transcranial Doppler test. More recently, its color version (TCCD) has been deployed. These ultrasonic procedures measure blood flow velocity within the brain's blood vessels. They are used to diagnose embolisms, stenoses and vascular constrictions, for example, in the aftermath of a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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In terms of the epidemiology of air embolisms one finds that the intra-operative period to have the highest incidence. For example, VAE in neurological cases ranges up to 80%, and OBGYN surgeries incidence can climb to 97% for VAE (vascular air embolism). In divers the incidence rate is 7/100,000 per dive.
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Approximately 36.6% of ischaemic strokes are caused by an embolism. Embolisms are an obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain, often due to a blood clot formed in the heart which travels through the blood brain barrier to the brain. Usually, embolic strokes cause multiple ischaemic lesions which are found in 41.2% of migrainous infarction patients.
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The initial cause of LSE is poorly understood. LSE is thought to occur in the context of a hypercoagulable state which leads to endothelial injury and subsequent deposition of thrombi and inflammatory molecules in affected valves. The vegetations that are thus formed consist of immune complexes, platelet thrombi, fibrin, and mononuclear cells. The vegetations may dislodge and cause embolisms.
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Air embolisms generally occur in the xylem of vascular plants because a fall in hydraulic pressure results in cavitation. Falling hydraulic pressure occurs as a result of water stress or physical damage. A number of physiological adaptations serve to prevent cavitation and to recover from it. The cavitation may be prevented from spreading by the narrow pores in the walls between vessel elements.
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DSA is primarily used to image blood vessels. It is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of arterial and venous occlusions, including carotid artery stenosis, pulmonary embolisms, and acute limb ischaemia; arterial stenosis, which is particularly useful for potential kidney donors in detecting renal artery stenosis (DSA is the gold standard investigation for renal artery stenosis); cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVM).
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After an AMI, people should be treated to prevent LVT formation. Aspirin plus an oral anticoagulant such as warfarin are suggested for individuals at risk for thromboembolic events. Anticoagulants are also shown to reduce the risk of embolisms when a thrombus is already formed. Heparin, an injectable, fast- acting anticoagulant, is effective in high doses for preventing LVT formation after AMI.
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Neodymium metal dust is combustible and therefore an explosion hazard. Neodymium compounds, as with all rare-earth metals, are of low to moderate toxicity; however, its toxicity has not been thoroughly investigated. Neodymium dust and salts are very irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes, and moderately irritating to skin. Breathing the dust can cause lung embolisms, and accumulated exposure damages the liver.
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The uptake of water through leaves and bark repairs and reduces the severity of xylem embolisms, which occur when cavitations form in the xylem preventing the transport of water and nutrients. Fog may also collect on redwood leaves, drip to the forest floor, and be absorbed by the tree's roots. This fog drip may form 30% of the total water used by a tree in a year.
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Midday leaf water potential is less commonly used as it is more variable and does not correlate well with other physiological measurements of water status. However, midday water potentials can be used to determine times of peak water stress or diurnal changes in plant water status. Additional variables and methods that involve pressure bombs for analysis include: stem conductance, xylem embolisms, and vulnerability curves.
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Surgical embolectomy for massive pulmonary embolism (PE) has become a rare procedure and is often viewed as a last resort. Thrombolytic therapy has become the treatment of choice. Surgical or catheter embolectomy is normally performed in patients with pulmonary embolism (formed from venous embolisms). Embolectomy is used for patients with persisting shock despite supportive care and who have an absolute contraindication for thrombolytic therapy.
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The function of end walls, which were the default state in the Devonian, was probably to avoid embolisms. An embolism is where an air bubble is created in a tracheid. This may happen as a result of freezing, or by gases dissolving out of solution. Once an embolism is formed, it usually cannot be removed (but see later); the affected cell cannot pull water up, and is rendered useless.
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In January 2007, he announced that he was planning to sue the cosmetic surgeon, Maurizio Viel, who performed his faulty lip surgery, for £1 million. Surgery-related health problems experienced by Burns included pulmonary embolisms and near-fatal blood clots. In March 2009 Burns was admitted to a London hospital after collapsing from a kidney ailment. He was diagnosed with seven large kidney stones, which were removed with laser surgery.
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And although other treatments have improved urgent surgical embolectomy or catheter embolectomy may be a life saving procedure in severe pulmonary embolism. Embolectomies are performed as limb-sparing techniques for arterial embolisms in acute limb ischemia. However, there are also other options, such as catheter-directed thrombolysis and anticoagulation with observation. It can also be used for other ischemias due to embolism for example mesenteric ischemia and stroke.
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63 (2009), No. 5 of 26. January 2009 (German) From the late 19th century, human fat was produced and offered under the trade name Humanol as a sterile, liquified preparation for injections in Germany. In 1909 it was introduced for surgical treatment of scars, wound disinfection, and wound revisions. In the 1920s it became out of fashion after low cure rates and the incidence of fat embolisms caused by its application.
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The body's hemostasis system requires careful regulation in order to work properly. If the blood does not clot sufficiently, it may be due to bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or immune thrombocytopenia; this requires careful investigation. Over-active clotting can also cause problems; thrombosis, where blood clots form abnormally, can potentially cause embolisms, where blood clots break off and subsequently become lodged in a vein or artery. Hemostasis disorders can develop for many different reasons.
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Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are a class of anticoagulant drugs that can be used to prevent and treat embolisms and blood clots caused by various diseases. They inhibit thrombin, a serine protease which affects the coagulation cascade in many ways. DTIs have undergone rapid development since the 90's. With technological advances in genetic engineering the production of recombinant hirudin was made possible which opened the door to this new group of drugs.
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Through ventilation and perfusion scans, the abnormal area of lung may be localized. A provisional diagnosis of COPD, asthma or pulmonary embolisms may be made. Treatment of these underlying conditions may address ventilation perfusion mismatch. Management of the condition may vary; if ventilation is abnormal or low, increasing the tidal volume or the rate may result in the poorly ventilated area receiving an adequate amount of air, which ultimately leads to an improved V/Q ratio.
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Also, blood clots may form on the inside of ventricular aneurysms, and form embolisms. If such a clot escapes from the aneurysm, it will be moved in the circulation throughout the body. If it gets stuck inside a blood vessel, it may cause ischemia in a limb, a painful condition that can lead to reduced movement and tissue death in the limb. Alternatively, if a clot blocks a vessel going to the brain, it can cause a stroke.
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A pregnant woman will also become hypercoagulable, leading to increased risk for developing blood clots and embolisms, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Women are 4-5 times more likely to develop a clot during pregnancy and in the postpartum period than when they are not pregnant. Hypercoagulability in pregnancy likely evolved to protect women from hemorrhage at the time of miscarriage or childbirth. In third world countries, the leading cause of maternal death is still hemorrhage.
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Holding the breath while ascending after breathing at depth can cause air embolisms, burst lung, and collapsed lung. Special breathing gas mixes such as trimix or heliox reduce the risk of decompression illness but do not eliminate it. Heliox further eliminates the risk of nitrogen narcosis but introduces the risk of helium tremors below about . Atmospheric diving suits maintain body and breathing pressure at 1 bar, eliminating most of the hazards of descending, ascending, and breathing at depth.
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A fatal fall from a tree occurred after the inhalation of helium from a toy balloon, which caused the person to become either unconscious or light headed.Lung ruptures and fatal gas embolisms have occurred from inhalation from a pressure tank and although this was reported as a helium inhalation death, it differs greatly from the process of inert gas asphyxiation. See gas embolism helium death In 2015, a technician at a health spa was asphyxiated while conducting unsupervised cryotherapy using nitrogen.
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Bourne graduated from Syracuse University in 1967 with a dual degree in Journalism and Political Science. In 1988, a retrospective of his films was shown at the Whitney Museum of American Art. In a 36-year career in which he made more than 40 films, either producing or directing or doing both, Bourne's works were seen on public television, commercial networks and at film festivals around the country. Bourne died in Manhattan of pulmonary embolisms following brain surgery on December 15, 2007.
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Long suffered severe pulmonary embolisms in July 2010. He wrote, "While running to catch a bus on a New York street, I saw a blinding effusion of white light, amid which several spangled and bell-bottomed figures vaguely resembling ABBA beckoned me to an eternal disco complete with spinning ball. Yanked back from their blandishments by a superior fashion sense, I spent a couple of weeks in intensive care." Long resigned from Human Rights Watch the following month in order to recuperate.
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The Momsen lung contains a canister of soda lime, which removes poisonous carbon dioxide from the exhaled air and then replenishes the air with oxygen. Two tubes lead from the bag to a mouthpiece: one with which to inhale air and the other to with which to exhale spent air. The device hangs around the wearer's neck and is strapped around the waist. Besides providing oxygen for the ascent, it also allows a submariner to rise slowly to the surface, thus avoiding embolisms.
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However, it is now known that this monomer (residual monomer) is metabolized by the respiratory chain and split into carbon dioxide and water and excreted. Embolisms can always occur during anchorage of artificial joints when material is inserted into the previously cleared femoral canal. The result is intramedullary pressure increase, potentially driving fat into the circulation. If the patient is known to have any allergies to constituents of the bone cement, according to current knowledge bone cement should not be used to anchor the prosthesis.
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Cavitation is hard to avoid, but once it has occurred plants have a range of mechanisms to contain the damage. Small pits link adjacent conduits to allow fluid to flow between them, but not air – although ironically these pits, which prevent the spread of embolisms, are also a major cause of them. These pitted surfaces further reduce the flow of water through the xylem by as much as 30%. Conifers, by the Jurassic, developed an ingenious improvement, using valve-like structures to isolate cavitated elements.
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Coagulation cascade When a blood vessel ruptures or gets injured, factor VII comes into contact with tissue factors which starts a process called the blood coagulation cascade. Its purpose is to stop bleeding and repair tissue damage. When this process is too active due to various problems the risk of blood clots or embolisms increases. As the name indicates the cascade is a multi-step procedure where the main product thrombin is made by activating various proenzymes (mainly serine proteases) in each step of the cascade.
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This can cause lung embolisms, especially during long-term exposure. The element is known to damage cell membranes of water animals, causing several negative influences on reproduction and on the functions of the nervous system. Yttrium has no known biological role, though it is found in most, if not all, organisms and tends to concentrate in the liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, and bones of humans. There is normally as little as 0.5 milligrams found within the entire human body; human breast milk contains 4 ppm.
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She was unable to join sea duty billets so she accepted a position as an instructor at the Submarine Escape Training Tank at Submarine Naval Base in New London. Tobias also worked within the hyperbaric chamber to treat divers suffering embolisms and civilians suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning and gangrene. Retired Master Diver Steven Lechner believed Tobias was the first woman to teach in the escape tank. Her brother Gary was also enrolled in the army, and she was his instructor at the diving school on base.
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The first clinical use of artificial cells was in hemoperfusion by the encapsulation of activated charcoal. Activated charcoal has the capability of adsorbing many large molecules and has for a long time been known for its ability to remove toxic substances from the blood in accidental poisoning or overdose. However, perfusion through direct charcoal administration is toxic as it leads to embolisms and damage of blood cells followed by removal by platelets. Artificial cells allow toxins to diffuse into the cell while keeping the dangerous cargo within their ultrathin membrane.
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In extreme cases it may cause carpopedal spasms, a flapping and contraction of the hands and feet. Factors that may induce or sustain hyperventilation include: physiological stress, anxiety or panic disorder, high altitude, head injury, stroke, respiratory disorders such as asthma, pneumonia, or hyperventilation syndrome, cardiovascular problems such as pulmonary embolisms, anemia, an incorrectly calibrated medical respirator, and adverse reactions to certain drugs. Hyperventilation can also be induced intentionally to achieve an altered state of consciousness such as in the choking game, during breathwork, or in an attempt to extend a breath-hold dive.
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Supplemental oxygen is needed at to provide enough oxygen for breathing and to prevent water loss, while above pressure suits are essential to prevent ebullism. Most space suits use around 30–39 kPa of pure oxygen, about the same as on the Earth's surface. This pressure is high enough to prevent ebullism, but evaporation of nitrogen dissolved in the blood could still cause decompression sickness and gas embolisms if not managed. Humans evolved for life in Earth gravity, and exposure to weightlessness has been shown to have deleterious effects on human health.
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The secondary walls have thickenings in various forms—as annular rings; as continuous helices (called helical or spiral); as a network (called reticulate); as transverse nets (called scalariform); or, as extensive thickenings except in the region of pits (called pitted). Tracheids provide most of the structural support in softwoods, where they are the major cell type. Because tracheids have a much higher surface to volume ratio compared to vessel elements, they serve to hold water against gravity (by adhesion) when transpiration is not occurring. This is likely one mechanism that helps plants prevent air embolisms.
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Another rare complication that may occur early during warfarin treatment (usually within 3 to 8 weeks of commencement) is purple toe syndrome. This condition is thought to result from small deposits of cholesterol breaking loose and causing embolisms in blood vessels in the skin of the feet, which causes a blueish- purple colour and may be painful. It is typically thought to affect the big toe, but it affects other parts of the feet as well, including the bottom of the foot (plantar surface). The occurrence of purple toe syndrome may require discontinuation of warfarin.
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There are several interventions that are often used to help prevent the recurrence of a watershed stroke; namely, nutritional interventions, as well as antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and statin drug use. Nutritional interventions, including increased consumption of certain amino acids, antioxidants, B-group vitamins, and zinc, have been shown to increase the recovery of neurocognitive function after a stroke. Antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin, as well as anticoagulants, are used to help prevent blood clots and therefore embolisms, which can cause watershed strokes. Statin drugs are also used to control hyperlipidemia, another risk factor for watershed stroke.
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The Wound Care Center is one of the most advanced in the DoD. The state-of-the-art wound care center has recently added ultrasonic wound debriders to minimize tissue damage caused by severe bacterial infections. EAMC’s hyperbaric chamber is the only clinical hyperbaric chamber in the U.S. Army and the only multiplace chamber in the Central Savannah River Area. The chamber can also be used to treat a wide variety of issues including air or gas embolisms, carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness (The Bends), anemia, radiation tissue damage, and thermal burns.
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A paradoxical embolism refers to an embolus which is carried from the venous side of circulation to the arterial side, or vice versa. It is a kind of stroke or other form of arterial thrombosis caused by embolism of a thrombus (blood clot), air, tumor, fat, or amniotic fluid of venous origin, which travels to the arterial side through a lateral opening in the heart, such as a patent foramen ovale, or arteriovenous shunts in the lungs. The opening is typically an atrial septal defect, but can also be a ventricular septal defect. Paradoxical embolisms represent two percent of arterial emboli.
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Automatic systems landed the craft safely at 23:16:52 GMT. The total flight duration of the crew was 570.22 hours and involved 383 orbits -- 18 prior to docking, 362 docked, and 3 after undocking. On reaching the landing site and opening the hatch, the helicopter rescue crew discovered all three men dead in their seats. The official investigation results showed that the men died of pulmonary embolisms when the imperfect seal of the hatch between their command module and work compartment permitted the air supply to evacuate in the seconds after the two crafts separated.
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Comparison of probable Dirofilaria repens (left column, from human) and D. immitis (right column, from dog) Heartworm prevention for cats is available as ivermectin (Heartgard for Cats), milbemycin (Interceptor), or the topical selamectin (Revolution for Cats) and Advantage Multi (imidacloprid + moxidectin) topical solution. Ivermectin, milbemycin, and selamectin are approved for use in cats in the US. Arsenic compounds have been used for heartworm adulticide treatment in cats, as well as dogs, but seem more likely to cause pulmonary reactions. A significant number of cats develop pulmonary embolisms a few days after treatment. The effects of melarsomine are poorly studied in cats.
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This rewarming method of using CPB is successful if the core temperature of the patient is above 16 °C. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a simplified version of the heart lung machine that includes a centrifugal pump and an oxygenator to temporarily take over the function of heart and/or the lungs. ECMO is useful in post cardiac surgery patients with cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction, in patients with acute pulmonary failure, massive pulmonary embolisms, lung trauma from infections, and a range of other problems that impair cardiac or pulmonary function. ECMO gives the heart and/or lungs time to repair or recover but it's only a temporary solution.
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Wagner was considered an excellent teacher, and two of his better known assistants were Adolf von Strümpell (1853-1925) and Paul Flechsig (1847-1929). His best written effort was a textbook on pathology called Handbuch der allgemeinen Pathologie, which was co-authored with Johann Paul Uhle (1827-1861), and published in seven editions and translated into several languages. Wagner made contributions in his research of uterine cancer and embolisms associated with blood vessels of the lung. With Heinrich Unverricht (1853-1912), the eponymous "Wagner-Unverricht syndrome" is named, which is a muscle disease related to polymyositis, characterized by chronic muscle inflammation that results in muscle weakness and skin rash.
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The first season follows Tamar Braxton through her journey to superstardom, and also features the struggles she and Vince encounter in their marriage. The second season encompasses the creation of Tamar's new album, Love and War, the promotional tour for the album, Tamar's pregnancy and the arrival of the couple's first child. The fourth season chronicled Tamar's health struggles with pulmonary embolisms. The fifth season chronicled Tamar and Vince as they reach a breaking point in their career and marriage and as Tamar encompasses the creation of her fifth studio album Bluebird of Happiness and Vince is on a quest to reclaim his own life and his health by risking his own life having skin removal surgery.
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On 27 August 1974, O'Donnell examined Norman Kirk, and found that the prime minister had an enlarged heart weakened by embolisms, a lung that was two-thirds incapacitated by the clot, and a very sore stomach as his liver was swollen with retained fluid. He persuaded Kirk to enter the Home of Compassion Hospital in Island Bay, Wellington the following day. Kirk died on 31 August, and O'Donnell signed his death certificate. O'Donnell's research interests were wide-ranging and included the health issues faced by workers in the aluminium industry, clinical trials of asthma treatments, fungal species found in the homes of asthma sufferers, and a survey of New Zealand asthma deaths.
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At the 2008 United States Olympic Trials, she finished 5th place in the 200 meter backstroke in a time of 2:10.18. Throughout the 2008 Trials, Heiss kept a blog about her experiences and the trials, and will serve as an editorial intern for Swimmingworldmagazine.com. Her performance, including her three career-best 200 Backstroke times, and two career-best 200 freestyle times, came less than two weeks after spending 5 days in a Bryan, Texas hospital undergoing treatment for pulmonary embolisms. At the 2008 Swimming US Open, Heiss finished second to world record holder Hayley McGregory in the 200 meter backstroke under the meet record set by Olympian Margaret Hoelzer with a time of 2:09.99.
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He had many achievements such as the discovery of the pathogens responsible for anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera, as well as a Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 All were the result of experimental work using animal models to complement knowledge of human biology. In 1863 John Gamgee (1831 - 1894) organized the first conference of what would evolve into the World Veterinary Association. Subsequent conferences, such as one on animal vaccination in 1880, led George Fleming to propose in The Lancet that a chair of comparative pathology be established in all medical schools. Rudolf Virchow (1821 - 1902) initiated modern pathology with his studies of dogs that lead to distinguishing between pyemia, sepsis, thrombosis, and embolisms.
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Following medical school in 1930, Behnke found his lifelong interest in deep sea diving when he was assigned as an assistant medical officer to and Submarine Division Twenty in San Diego under the command of Chester W. Nimitz. In addition to his other duties, Behnke spent time covering medical watch on , a submarine rescue ship, where he performed his first hard hat dive. In 1932 Behnke wrote a letter to the Surgeon General that was published in the United States Naval Medical Bulletin outlining the possible causes of arterial gas embolisms he was seeing related to submarine escape training. This separated the symptoms of arterial gas embolism (AGE) from those of decompression sickness.
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In the United States 2011-2013, hemorrhage made up of 11.4% and pulmonary embolisms made up of 9.2% of all pregnancy-related deaths. The increased risk of clots can be attributed to several things. Plasma levels of pro-coagulantion factors increased markedly in pregnancy, including: von Willebrand Factor, fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, and factor X. Both the production of prostacyclin (an inhibitor of platelet aggregation) and thromboxane (an inducer of platelet aggregation and a vasoconstrictor) are increased, but overall there is an increase in platelet reactivity which can lead to a predisposition to clots. There is also increased blood stasis due to the compression of the vena cava by the enlargening uterus.
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The endodermis does not allow gas bubbles to enter the xylem and helps prevent embolisms from occurring in the water column. Passage cells are endodermal cells of older roots which have retained thin walls and Casparian strips rather than becoming suberized and waterproof like the other cells around them, to continue to allow some symplastic flow to the inside. Experimental evidence suggests that passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes such as calcium and magnesium into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system. For the most part, however, old roots seal themselves off at the endodermis, and only serve as a passageway for water and minerals taken up by younger roots "downstream".
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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases oxygen transport via dissolved oxygen in serum, and is most efficacious where the haemoglobin is compromised (e.g. carbon monoxide poisoning) or where the extra oxygen in solution can diffuse through tissues past embolisms that are blocking the blood supply as in decompression illness. Hyperbaric chambers capable of admitting more than one patient (multiplace) and an inside attendant have advantages for the treatment of decompression sickness (DCS) if the patient requires other treatment for serious complications or injury while in the chamber, but in most cases monoplace chambers can be successfully used for treating decompression sickness. Rigid chambers are capable of greater depth of recompression than soft chambers that are unsuitable for treating DCS.
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In April he had an operation to remove varicose veins from both legs at once despite advice to have two operations. Doctors and colleagues were urging him to take time off; on 26 August Social Credit leader Bruce Beetham advised him to take a couple of months off to recover. His final public appearance was on 18 August to open St Peter's Catholic College in Palmerston North, when he stood in the rain for the whole ceremony, and he missed a proposed debate with Robert Muldoon before interviewer David Frost. On 15 August 1974 he decided to take two days off, and on 26 August he decided to have six weeks of complete rest. He had been checked over by many doctors, and an examination by Professor Tom O’Donnell on 27 August confirmed that he had an enlarged heart gravely weakened by embolisms, and which was not pumping regularly enough to get sufficient oxygen into his bloodstream; one lung was two-thirds incapacitated by the clot; and his stomach was very sore as his liver was swollen with retained fluid.
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The data gathered in relation to the actual causes of death is changing. Although drowning and arterial gas embolisms are cited in the top three causes of diver deaths, stating these as solitary causes does not recognise any pre-existing health issues. Researchers may know the actual causes of death, but the sequence of events that led to the cause of death is often not clear, especially when local officials or pathologists make assumptions. In many diving destinations, resources are not available for comprehensive investigations or complete autopsies, The 2010 DAN Diving Fatalities workshop noted that listing drowning as a cause of death is ineffective in determining what actually occurred in an incident, and that lack of information is the primary reason for personal injury lawsuits filed in the industry. A DAN study published in 2008 investigated 947 recreational open-circuit scuba diving deaths from 1992–2003, and where sufficient information was available, classified the incidents in terms of a sequence of trigger, disabling agent, disabling injury and cause of death. Insufficient gas was the most frequent trigger, at 41%, followed by entrapment at 20%, and equipment problems at 15%.
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