There is a brown discoidal bar and the postmedial line is brown.
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Clypeoceras is a genus of ammonites with an involute discoidal shell from the Lower Triassic.
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The forewings are grey, tinged with brown. There is a slightly curved blackish antemedial line, a narrow black discoidal lunule and a blackish postmedial line. The hindwings are grey, tinged with brown. There is an oblique black discoidal bar and a blackish postmedial line.
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Stellostomites is a discoidal animal known from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and classified with the eldoniids.
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Paropsonema is a discoidal animal known from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and classified with the eldoniids.
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The forewings are black brown glossed with greenish blue mixed with some red brown especially on terminal the area and cilia. There is a black discoidal spot. The hindwings are black brown, mixed with some red brown on the apical area with again a black discoidal spot.
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Meroblastic cleavage is the incomplete division of cells. The division furrow does not protrude into the yolky region as those cells impede membrane formation and this causes the incomplete separation of cells. Meroblastic cleavage can bilateral (see: Bilateral cleavage), discoidal (see: Discoidal cleavage), or centrolecithal (see: Centrolecithal).
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The forewings have one discoidal black spot and the terminal band is not running round the apex.
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Meekoceras is a genus of ceratitid ammonites with a discoidal shell that lived during the Early Triassic Epoch.
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The hindwing ground colour is white. The internal area is white, with a discoidal spot, basicostally often with an auxiliary spot. The medial line is sinuate, the distal half approaching the discoidal spot, then turning towards the dorsum. The external area is pale brown to grey with a dotted marginal line.
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In average it measures 5–8 mm long and 3–5 mm wide. The disc-shaped body is divisible into anterior conical and posterior discoidal regions. The anterior region is a conical projection bearing a prominent oral sucker. The posterior portion is relatively broad, up to 8 mm wide, discoidal, and ventrally excavated.
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There is a slight fuscous discoidal bar and a fuscous postmedial line. There is also a fine black terminal line.
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The forewings are grey-brown with a slight cupreous gloss, the costal area somewhat darker and there is an indistinct slightly curved antemedial line, as well as a small discoidal spot. There is an indistinct postmedial line. The hindwings are glossy grey-brown, with a slight discoidal spot. There is an indistinct postmedial line.
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Adults are pure white, the forewings with some dark points on the costa and the lines are pale yellow brown. There are traces of a discoidal spot. The hindwings have an indistinct discoidal spot and the postmedial line is excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below the end of the cell.
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There is a distinct black-edged orange quadrate spot in the end of the cell, as well as a discoidal black lunule. The postmedial line has an orange spot on the outer side. The hindwings have a discoidal annulate spot and a curved fuscous postmedial line. Both wings have a terminal series of black points.
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There is an oblique brown discoidal bar. The hindwings are hyaline with dark veins and termen. The inner margin is yellow.
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Medlicottidae are characterized by discoidal to thinly lenticular shells and sutures with a narrow ventral lobe and a modified first lateral saddle.
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The wings are brown with a greyish gloss and a dark antemedial line, slightly defined by whitish on the inner side. There is a dark point in the middle of the cell and a black discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is dark and defined by white on the outerside. The hindwings are brown with a greyish gloss and a black discoidal bar.
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The shape of the shell is discoidal. The shell has 6-8 whorls. there are regular ribs on the shell. The umbilicus is open.
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The forewings are brown with a cupreous gloss. There is an indistinct oblique diffused antemedial line and a faint spot in the middle of the cell, as well as a faint discoidal reniform spot defined by fuscous. There is an indistinct diffused postmedial line. The hindwings are brown with a cupreous gloss and with a faint oblique discoidal striga and a very indistinct postmedial line.
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Imagines have a forewing length of 8.5–10.5 mm in males and 9.5–12 mm in females. The forewing ground colour is white, with a light- to dark-brown basal area, delimited by a dark-brown to grey antemedial line. The median area has a pale-brown, faint proximal discoidal stigma. The distal discoidal stigma is pale brown, reaching from the costa to the forewing centre.
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Adults are pale brownish ochreous, with uniform glossy ochreous wings. The forewings with a faint dark point in the middle of the cell and a discoidal lunule.
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The forewings are fuscous brown with an oblique blackish antemedial line bent inwards to the costa and a small black spot in the middle of the cell and a black discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is blackish and there is a slight dark terminal line. The hindwings are greyish brown with a slight black discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is fuscous and there is a slight dark terminal line.
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There are traces of a dark antemedial line and there is a slight dark discoidal lunule, as well as a faint, dark, postmedial, minutely waved line. There is a terminal series of slight dark points. The hindwings are tinged with ochreous and there is a faint dark discoidal lunule, as well as traces of a postmedial line and some slight dark points on the termen towards the apex.
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The forewings are yellow with faint traces of a deeper yellow antemedial line, discoidal bar and postmedial line oblique below the discal fold. The hindwings are paler yellow.
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It thalli grow as clusters which carry cylindrical and hollow tubes which arise from discoidal cushion. The tubes are long and wide. Thallus cells are wide and are angular.
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The diameter of the shell attains 2 mm. The small, white shell has a discoidal shape. The 4½ whorls are ornamented with several spiral subobsolete lirae. The umbilicus is open.
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Anterior wings dirty black, immaculate; tips whitish. Posterior wings dirty black, with a white discoidal transparent cloud. Underside: Breast and sides dirty black. Abdomen white; its sides and tip dirty black.
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The shape of the shell is discoidal. The shell has 2.5-3.0 whorls. The width of the shell is 1.53-1.79 mm. The height of the shell is 0.80-0.98 mm.
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There is a subbasal black point below the costa and an antemedial black spot below the costa with slight curved line from it to the inner margin, as well as a black discoidal spot. The postmedial line is black and there is a blackish terminal hue. The hindwings are whitish suffused with brown, especially on the terminal area. There is a black discoidal point and the postmedial line is brown defined on each side by white.
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Though the wings are folded, the very long first discoidal, which is unique to members of Vespidae, is visible. The specific epithet is a reference to the Florissant Formation, which produced the specimen.
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Polygrammodes nonagrialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Peru. The wingspan is about 40 mm. Adults are pale ochreous grey-brown, the forewings with a fuscous discoidal lunule.
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Cadomites is directly descended from Stephanoceras, with a similar collared and lipped aperture rim, but has denser, finer, sharper ribbing. The shell is discoidal, evolute, with a wide umbilicus. The suture is complex.
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These colonial organism are characterized by a conical, net-like structure. The colonies (known as rhabdosomes) are branched and may vary from almost discoidal to almost cylindrical. They were stationary planktonic suspension feeders.
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The Uddenitinae includes Prouddenites, (ancestral form), Uddenites,(type genus), Daixites, Neouddenites, and Uddenoceras. Prouddenites, named by Miller, 1930, which is found in the Pennsylvanian of the south-central United States and the Urals, has a discoidal shell with a flattened venter and a suture with an unequally trifid first lateral lobe. It is intermediate between Pronorites and Uddenites. Uddenites, named by Böse, 1919, known from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Texas and the Urals, has a discoidal shell with a retuse (grooved) venter.
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The height of the shell attains 1 mm. The small, white shell is deeply umbilicated. It has a depressed discoidal shape with a rather flat top. It contains 3½ whorls with a depressed apex.
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Uddenoceras, named by Miller and Furnish, 1954, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Texas and the Urals has a discoidal shell like Uddenites, but the ventro- lateral portion of the suture forms a broad saddle.
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The height of the smooth shell attains 0.8 mm, its diameter 1.5 mm. This very small, white shell has a discoidal shape and wide umbilicus. It contains 2½ rapidly increasing whorls. The aperture is circular.
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The discoidal wing cell is usually present. The wing has two anal veins. Sternite 9 of the male genitalia has, with few exceptions, two pairs of appendages. Sometimes appendages are also present on sternite 8.
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The forewings are ochreous yellow, the costal area tinged with rufous towards the base. There is a curved blackish antemedial line, a blackish point in the upper part of the middle of the cell and a black discoidal bar. The postmedial line is black, forming a slight spot at the costa, bent outwards from vein 5 to above 2, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and excurved below the submedian fold. The hindwings are ochreous yellow with an oblique blackish discoidal bar.
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The moth's wingspan is 24–28 mm. The forewings are silvery white and are faintly tinged with pale red-brown and a pale red-brown costal area, but leaving the costal edge white on the medial area. The antemedial line is red- brown and there is a red-brown discoidal bar, as well as a red-brown postmedial line and a rather diffused red-brown terminal line. The hindwings are white, faintly tinged with pale red-brown and with a red-brown discoidal bar.
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There is an indistinct brown discoidal bar with a grey line in the centre and a waved brownish medial line and waved grey postmedial line with a somewhat deeper brown band between them. There are also small obliquely placed subapical white lunules below veins seven and six with a reddish tinge beyond them. The hindwings are red brown with a greyish tinge. There is a small brown discoidal spot and chocolate brown spots on the inner margin before and beyond the middle, with greyish marks beyond them.
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The hindwings are very dark brown, glossed with purple and there are traces of a dark discoidal spot and a diffused postmedial line. There is also a slight pale line at the base of the cilia.
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The forewings are cupreous brown, strongly sprinkled with purple. There are traces of a dark antemedial line and there is a slight dark discoidal bar. The postmedial line is very indistinct. The hindwings are cupreous brown.
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The subcosta is incomplete fusing with Radial vein 1 before the apex. The posterior basal wing cell and discoidal wing cell are separate. The anal cell of wing and the anal vein of wing are both present.
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Rotadiscus is a genus of discoidal animal known from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and classified with the eldoniids. As with other eldoniids, it was originally thought to have been pelagic, but is now thought to be benthic.
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The head of the animal is proboscidiform. The epipodial line has a pair of conical lobes and three pairs of cirri. The white shell has a turbiniform or discoidal shape. It shows longitudinal ribs or is clathrate.
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Shells of this species could reach a diameter of about . They are discoidal, involute and compressed. Whorls are stout and rounded to diameter of 3 millimeters. The surface of fossils is usually covered by opalized nacre (ammolite).
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Classical diplonemids (i.e. Diplonema and Rhynchopus), are colourless and oblong in shape. They are approximately 20 μm in length and possess a microtubule layer underneath their plasma membrane. Adjacent to it is a mitochondrion with discoidal cristae.
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The costa is without interruptions. The subcosta is complete, its ending in the costa close to vein R1. The posterior basal wing cell and discoidal wing cell are sometimes fused. Crossvein BM-Cu present or (Micropezinae) absent.
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The antemedial line is strongly bent outwards on the median nervure, then angled inwards in the submedian interspace and outwards on vein 1. There is a prominent black discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is strongly dentate, slightly bent outwards between veins 5 and 3, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and bent outwards again. The hindwings have a prominent black discoidal lunule and a strongly dentate postmedial line, slightly bent outwards between veins 5 and 3, then retracted to below the angle of the cell.Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
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The forewings are pale yellow, but the costa is black to beyond the middle and there is some blackish suffusion below it. There are traces of a brownish antemedial line and there is a black discoidal bar, as well as an indistinct fulvous postmedial line with a black point below costa. There is also an indistinct, waved, fulvous subterminal line. The hindwings are pale yellow with a black discoidal point, an indistinct fulvous postmedial line and a faint, minutely waved, fulvous subterminal line from the costa to vein 2.
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The adults of Bacotoma have relatively narrow forewings and broad, almost triangular hindwings. Wing coloration is inconspicuous, with shades of brown and beige dominating. On the forewing, the antemedian and postmedian lines as well as the proximal and especially the distal discoidal stigma are distinct; on the hindwing, the postmedian line is prominent, and sometimes the discoidal stigma is well developed. Males have a long and slender abdomen with often prominent anal tufts and conspicuous patterns of black and white marks on the abdominal tergites 7 and 8, in some species also on tergite 6.
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Retrieved June 12, 2017. The wingspan is about 38 mm. The forewings are purple suffused with fuscous, the veins streaked with fuscous and with a rufous discoidal spot. The hindwings are greyish fuscous, somewhat ochreous towards the base.
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The height of the shell attains 1 mm and its diameter 2 mm. It is a very minute, deeply umbilicate, white shell with a depressed discoidal shape. The shell contains four whorls. The two apical whorls are very small.
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The small, semi-transparent shell has an ovate-discoidal shape. Its colour is white and entirely devoid of coloured markings. The 3½ convex whorls increase rapidly in size with deeply marked sutures. The body whorl has a spherical periphery.
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The height of the shell attains 2 mm, its diameter 3 mm. The small, white shell has a depressed discoidal shape and shows a deep umbilicus. It contains 4 whorls, including the two apical whorls. The aperture is round.
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Shells of the Anomphalidae are rounded, almost discoidal, low-spired trochospiral inform, possibly with a globular body whorl. The aperture is oval, without exhalent slit or crease. The umbilicus is narrow, open or closed. The inner shell layer is seemingly nacreous.
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The hindwings are orange yellow with a black discoidal spot. The postmedial line is rather diffused, fuscous, excurved between veins 5 and 2 and slightly below the submedian fold. There is a series of dark striae just before the termen.
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The hindwings are semihyaline white, the apical area tinged with brown. There is a discoidal stigma and a fine postmedial line angled inwards at the discal fold and obsolete on the inner half. There is also a terminal punctiform line.
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Dagnoceras is a ceratitid ammonite from the Lower Triassic that has a basically evolutute, discoidal shell with an arched venter and ceratitic sutures. The Treatise 1957 includes it in the Meekoceratidae although it has since been placed in the Dinaritidae.
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The height of the shell attains 1.2 mm, its diameter 2.2 mm. The minute, very fragile shell has a discoidal shape. It is diaphanous and widely umbilicated. The spire is flat, not rising above the plane of the last whorl.
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The shell is small, discoidal, carinated, widely umbilicated. The last whorl is becoming free at the aperture. The aperture is very oblique, rounded, with continuous slightly expanded peristome, and having several teeth on the outer lip and an entering parietal lamina.
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Ochreous; head and thorax tinged with brown; abdomen yellow. Forewing with about ten waved brown lines forming lunulate spots on postmedial area and somewhat diamond- shaped subterminal spots; a large clouded discoidal spot. Hindwing pale semihyaline yellow. Wingspan 40 mm.
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Spongodiscidae is a family of radiolarians in the order Spumellaria. According to the original description by Ernst Haeckel, members of the family have a flat discoidal shell, in which a simple spherical central chamber is surrounded by an irregular spongy framework.
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The forewings are pale greyish fuscous with a yellowish tinge, the forewings with an obscure oblique antemedial dark line defined by whitish on the inner side and almost obsolete towards the costa. There is a white orbicular spot and a large lunulate discoidal spot. The postmedial line has three conjoined dentate white marks on the outer edge below the costa, excurved and more or less strongly defined by white between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to near the base of vein 2 and with a white spot in the angle. The hindwings have a prominent white discoidal spot.
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The forewings are cupreous brown with an indistinct oblique whitish antemedial line which is slightly defined on the outer side by fuscous. There is a small white spot in the middle of the cell and a discoidal bar defined by fuscous. There is a postmedial white line arising below the costa, its outer edge very slightly waved to vein 5, where it is very slightly bent outwards, at vein 2 bent inwards to below the end of the cell, then slightly excurved. The hindwings are cupreous brown with a slight whitish discoidal lunule defined by fuscous.
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Head and thorax pale fulvous yellow; palpi crimson, black at tips; sides of frons and antennae black; pectus in front blackish, some blackish and crimson below shoulders; fore coxae crimson; (legs wanting); abdomen crimson, the ventral surface pale ochreous, lateral series of slight blackish points. Forewing pale ochreous yellow; small postmedial black spots above and below vein 1. Hindwing yellowish white, the inner area rather yellower; a small black discoidal spot. Underside of forewing with black discoidal lunule and oblique blackish postmedial striae from vein 5 to below vein 3; hindwing with the costal area yellower.
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The forewings are pale red-brown with a cupreous gloss and thickly irrorated with dark brown, the costa is darker towards the base and there is an indistinct brown antemedial line, as well as a small white spot in the middle of the cell and a white discoidal bar. The postmedial line is dark and indistinct and there is a terminal series of black points. The hindwings are white, the terminal area tinged with cupreous red-brown except towards the tornus. There is a blackish discoidal point and an indistinct dark postmedial line and a terminal series of black bars.
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The wing characters are: large, broad, variable in outline. Forewing: costa more or less arched, sometimes very strongly so; apical portion more or less produced, sometimes very prominent, with a strong projection on the hind margin at the extremity of the first discoidal nervule; hind margin always more or less dentate and emarginate, with, in many species, a considerable projection at extremity of third median nervule; inner margin nearly straight, or slightly emarginate about centre; discoidal cell generally closed by a slender nervule. Hindwing: costa strongly arched at base, and more or less so throughout; hind margin always more or less scalloped, sometimes simply rounded (without any marked projections), sometimes with a more or less elongate production of anal angle, and occasionally with a longer or shorter projection of hind margin at extremity of first median nervule; inner margins deeply grooved and entirely covering the under surface of the abdomen; discoidal cell generally open. The abdomen short, compressed, rather slender.
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The shell is evolute, discoidal; whorl section subquadrade, flanks generally straight but may converge toward the venter. Inner flanks have course ribbing, outer have rows of nodes. Sutures have shallow ventral, lateral, and dorsal lobes. Its siphuncle is small and approximately central.
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The mine consists of an upper-surface blotch without any initial corridor. The colour is yellow-brown with concentric grey-green arcs. The larva makes a discoidal cocoon in the centre of the mine. During feeding pauses it rests in the cocoon.
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Adrianitinae is a subfamily of the Adrianitidae which is part of the goniatitid superfamily Adrianitaceae. The Adrianitinae which comprise the more advanced genera in the Adrianitidae have sutures that form 14 to 30 lobes. Shells may be discoidal or globular or in between.
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Pseudatteria symplacota is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. The species varies in the size and shape of the marginal spots of the forewings. The number and size of the discoidal spots are inconstant.
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Phoenixites is an early (Late Devonian) genus of the Falcitornoceratinae, a subfamily of the goniatitid Tornoceratidae family. This genus was named by Becker in 1995. The type species is "Tornoceras" frechi. The shell of Phoenixites is discoidal, on which constrictions may be present.
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Haploceratoidea are typically compressed, discoidal Ammontida that may be keeled or unkeeled, tending to be oxyconic, with usually falcoid or falcate ribbing. The aptychi are paired and differ between families and have been found in situ in e.g. Oppelia subrudiata and in Pseudolissoceras.
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The forewings are brown with a leaden-grey hue. The costal area is pale yellow up to the postmedial line. The antemedial line is dark but indistinct, faintly defined on the inner side by yellowish white. There is a faint dark discoidal spot.
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Tylodicoceras is a genus of the Koninckioceratidae (Cephalopoda, Nautiloid) from the Devonian thru Mississippian of North America with a large, slightly involute,ea discoidal shell that is rounded laterally and concave ventrally. Their sides bear a single row with large rounded nodes.
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The anthers are oblong in shape and around in length, dehiscing longitudinally at maturity. The ovary is conical, bearing styles that are approximately long. The stigma is discoidal and somewhat dehiscent at maturity. Insect pollinators of the plant include flies, honeybees, and ants.
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Eowellerites is genus of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Welleritidae family. Species belonging to this genus lived in middle Pennsylvanian (Moscovian). Its fossils were found in USA and Japan. It had thinly discoidal shells with a quite wide umbilicus (U/D = 0.3 - 0.5).
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Having the sexes in two individuals, one male and one female. Distal. The farthest part from an object. Discoidal. Shaped like a flat disk. Diverticulum. A pouch or hole, as the pouch containing the radula, or that containing the dart in helices. Dormant.
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Okribites is a perisphinctoidean ammonite from the middle Jurassic of the Republic of Georgia. It is assigned to the family Parkinsoniidae, a group of strongly but evenly ribbed evolute, commonly discoidal ammonites.Ammonites.fr - Parkinsoniidae Parkinsonia is a related genus.Paleobiology Database - Okribites. 2017-10-19.
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Additionally, males have iridescent dorsal wings that change in colour and appearance under ultraviolet light, while females do not. Both males and females have orange spots in the discoidal cell of each wing, pink head and antennae, and a thorax covered in white hair.
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The height of the shell attains 0.25mm, its diameter 1.25 mm. The very minute, white, hyaline shell consists of four whorls, including the smooth, globular protoconch. It has a discoidal shape with a sunken spire and is widely umbilicated. It is ornamented with transverse riblets.
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The wings are silvery white, thickly covered with minute blackish speckles, except on the discoidal cell of the forewings, where they are only present at the apex. The underside of the wings is very pale ochraceous, speckled with blackish as above.Distant, William Lucas. (December 1903).
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Adults are cupreous brown. The forewings have dark spots in the end of the cell and on the discocellulars, with whitish spots between them. There is an obscure dark postmedial line. The hindwings have a dark discoidal bar and the postmedial line is very indistinct.
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There are slender submedian, median and postmedian lines. Beyond the last is a dark marginal band. The discoidal spot is formed of a double line. The hindwings are pale straw-colour with three transverse lines, as well as a very fine dark subterminal line.
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Myanmar, Tenasserim. Differs from A. n. nivifera as follows: Male upperside. Forewing: discoidal streak more clearly divided, the preapical portion prominent; discal band broader, the anterior spot composing its posterior half not wider than the others, not outwardly conical; two conspicuous preapical orange-yellow spots.
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Shells are discoidal to lenticular. Adult stages are oxygonic, having acute venters, or have distinct keels. The ventral lobe may be either bifurcate or trifurcate (two or three pronged) and there is a tendency to increase the number of elements ontogenetically in the suture.
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The monophyly of Tarsophlebiidae is strongly supported by the following set of derived characters (autapomorphies): hindwings with hypertrophied subdiscoidal cell that is developed as "pseudo discoidal cell"; fusion of veins MAb+MP+CuA for a considerable distance before separation of MP and CuA in hindwing; vein AA strongly bent at insertion of CuP-crossing; extremely acute distal angles of forewing discoidal and subdiscoidal cell. The body characters "distinctly prolonged legs, with very long tarsi" and "male cerci with paddle-like distal expansions" are known from one species of the genus Tarsophlebia (T. eximia) and Turanophlebia (T. vitimensis) respectively, and thus belonged to the common ground plan of all Tarsophlebiidae.
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Amaltheidae is a family of eoderoceratoidean ammonitids from the Lower Jurassic consisting of genera characterised by stigated discoidal oxycones—narrow involute shells with narrowly rounded to angular venters that bear a series of grooves, or ridges, along broad flanks, which according to the Treatise L, 1957, evolved into strongly ribbed planulates (discoidal evolute shells) with quadrate whorls, typically with crenulated keels; involving all together four genera. Donovan in Donovan et al. (1981) retains the Amaltheidae in the sense of Arkell, et al. 1957, as shown in the Treatise but synonymizes Pseudoamaltheus with Amaltheus, (a subgenus in the Treatise), reducing the number of valid genera to three.
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Adolias nara n. sp.—Female. Upperside dark glossy golden olive-green, with blackish marginal and sub-marginal lines : forewing with oblique transverse row of six white spots, from middle of costal margin to near posterior angle, also two small sub-apical white spots ; marks within discoidal cell black : hind-wing with two white spots on costal margin near the angle. Underside glossy verdigris -green, apically olive-green : fore-wing with markings as above, but more defined and whiter ; lower part of disc patched with blue- black : hind-wing with transverse row of six white spots from costal margin to near the posterior angle ; indistinct discoidal markings. Ciliae white.
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The forewings are red brown with a dark antemedial line, with a yellow band on its inner side from below the costa to the inner margin. There is a black spot in the middle of the cell and discoidal lunule, with a quadrate white patch between them. There is also a dark postmedial line, with a dentate yellow mark on its outer edge below the costa, as well as three minute dentate spots between veins 5 and 2, and a lunule below the angle of the cell. The hindwings are yellow with a dark discoidal bar and some brown suffusion below the end of the cell.
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Two ovate-oblong greenstone celts and a sandstone discoidal were found in the fill of Mound A. A spoon-shaped object of ground and polished greenstone was found in the fill Mound B. A discoidal was probably used in the well-known game of chunkey, which was played by almost all of the historic Indians of the Southeast. It is very likely that chunkey was played ceremonially in the plaza of the Medora Site. A cylindrical earspool of fired clay with flat faces and straight sides was found in Mound A. It was in diameter and thick, with engraved geometric designs composed of a circle and curvilinear elements.
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Udea poliostolalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1918. It is found in Taiwan. The forewings are grey brown with a leaden gloss and with a faint erect brown antemedial line, as well as a faint dark discoidal bar.
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The forewings are glossy white with a black discoidal point and a slight blackish terminal line, almost obsolete except towards the apex. The hindwings are glossy white with a slight blackish terminal line to near the turnus.Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (9) 4 (23): 307.
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The height of the shell attains 0.6 mm, its diameter 1.0 mm. The thin, yellowish-white shell is minute and has a discoidal shape. It is umbilicated. To the naked eye the shell appears to be quite smooth, but under magnification reveals subequidistant, strongly undulating, radiate threads.
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The size of the shell varies between 4 mm and 9 mm. The shell has a discoidal shape, with a flattened spire. The periphery shows two prominent ribs, connected by lattices which a subspinously project. The surface contains clathrate ridges, the interstices of which are finely striated.
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Vibrissae are well developed. On the mesonotum there are two pairs of dorsocentral bristles. The costa is interrupted near the subcosta (which reaches the costa). The posterior basal wing cell and discoidal wing cell are fused and the anal vein does not reach the margin of the wings.
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Goniatitoidea, formerly Goniatitaceae in older publications, is a superfamily of late Paleozoic ammonoid cephalopods included in the Goniatitida. They are characterized by thinly discoidal to globular shells with variable umbilici and sculpture. The ventral lobe, located along the outer margin, is prominently bifurcated (two pronged); the lateral lobe undivided.
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The height of this poorly known shell attains 0.27 mm, its diameter 0.75 mm. The very minute, white, opaque shell consists of four whorls, including the smooth, globular protoconch. It has a discoidal shape with a sunken spire and is widely umbilicated. It is ornamented with transverse riblets.
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Agoniatitids are primitive ammonoids with a ventral retrochoanitic siphuncle (septal necks point to the rear) reflective of their nautiloid ancestors and goniatitic sutures with a variable number of lobes. Shells vary from discoidal to globular. Coiling may be loose with whorls barely touching or tight with a dorsal impression.
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The dextral shells are mostly of small and rarely medium size. The form of the shell varies from discoidal to turbinate. The round aperture is often modified, sometimes with an incision or a constriction. The last whorl can sometimes be disconnected and then extends strongly from the winding plane.
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The subglobulose, subperforate shell has a discoidal shape and is transversely striate. The five whorls are slightly convex. They are ornamented with very narrow transverse, white articulated lines. The base of the shell is smooth, reddish-brown maculated at the periphery, with a reddish zone around the umbilical region.
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The postmedial line consists of a slight brown mark and a series of black spots. The hindwings are white and semihyaline, except for the terminal area. There is some black at the base and a pale brownish discoidal spot defined by some black scales.Annals and Magazine of Natural History.
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The forewings are pale ochre yellow with small spots or suffusion of dark brown, mostly along the discoidal cell and sometimes forming, in the apical third of the wing, an irregular fascia. The hindwings are light ochre- greyish. Adults have been recorded on wing from mid- to late July.
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In many zoospores, the nucleus lies partially within the aggregation of ribosomes and was invariably situated laterally. Small vacuoles and a Golgi body with stacked cisternae occurred within the cytoplasm outside the ribosomal area. Mitochondria, which often contain a small number of ribosomes, are densely staining with discoidal cristae.
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Noritaceae is an extinct superfamily of cephalopods belonging to the Ammonite order Ceratitida. The Noritaceae, defined by Karpinsky in 1889, combines ceratitids with "typically smooth, more or less discoidal shells with rounded or truncate peripheries and ceratitic sutures,...." Keeled or ribbed offshoots may have simpler or more complex sutures.
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Adults are golden yellow, the forewings with a deep black discoidal lunule and traces of a terminal series of fuscous points. The hindwings are rather paler yellow, with a terminal black band between veins 7 and 2, expanding triangularly at vein 7 and then narrowing to a line.
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Acanthoclymenia is genus of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Acanthoclymeniidae family. Species belonging to this genus lived in middle and late Devonian (upper Givetian - lower Frasnian). Its fossils were found in Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America and Australia. Species of this genus had discoidal shells with flattened venter.
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The wingspan is about 16 mm. Adults are stramineous (straw coloured), the forewings have two black dots placed longitudinally and slightly obliquely, in and at the end of the discoidal cell. There is a curved marginal series of dusky dots. The hindwings have the basi-abdominal half whitish.
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Male upperside superficially resembles the upperside of Athyma selenophora; but on the forewing the discoidal streak is more obscure, the three obliquely placed white spots composing the anterior portion of the discal band are pre-apically transverse on the wing and are sometimes not white but fuliginous brown; the postdiscal and subterminal lines on the hindwing are more continuous. Underside also resembles, but more closely, the underside of A. selenophora male, but the ground colour is darker, the discoidal streak and transverse preapical spots on the forewing and the postdiscal and subterminal lines on the hindwing lilac, the latter two more continuous, not macular. Female altogether different. Upperside fuliginous brown with diffuse sullied white markings.
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The hindwings are fuscous brown with a cupreous gloss. There is a blackish discoidal spot and the postmedial line is whitish defined on the inner side by blackish, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then inwards to below the angle of the cell and oblique to above the tornus.
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The species can be confused in its distribution area only with a few species. In Tuscany, the distribution area overlaps with Euchloe tagis or with the subspecies Euchloe tagis calvensis. This species is smaller on average. The black colouring of the rather large discoidal spot spreads into the forewing cell.
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The shell of Puzosia is basically discoidal, evolute to subinvolute, with a wide umbiicaus. Sides bear close spaced sinuous ribs, periodically interrupted by narrow sinuous constrictions, about six per whorl. Whorl section is somewhat compressed, higher than wide, with slightly convex sides and rounded venter. The suture is complexly ammonitic.
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The height of the shell attains 6 mm, its diameter 10 mm. The shell is much more depressed than Tegula fasciata and has a discoidal shape. It is widely umbilicate. The surface is sculptured by numerous spiral slightly elevated lirulae, which are red, more or less articulated with white dots.
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Skin on dorsum is smooth and has few, small tubercles and forms discoidal folds. The dorsum is dark brown and has small, white spots The venter is reddish brown and has small, white spots. The iris is gold and has golden reticulations. Males have neither vocal sacs nor nuptial pads.
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The forewings are hyaline with black-brown veins and margins. The basal area is black-brown with a subbasal crimson point below the costa. There is a large black-brown discoidal patch conjoined to the costal area. The terminal band expands widely on the apical area and slightly below vein two.
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Head and thorax ochreous with a fulvous tinge; antennae with the branches brown; abdomen pale yellow with a fulvous tinge. Forewing hyaline, the veins, costal and inner areas brownish ochreous; a small round black discoidal spot. Hindwing hyaline, the veins, costal and inner areas, and the termen ochreous. Wingspan 38 mm.
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The Noritidae, sometimes spelled Noritidea, is an extinct cephalopod family of belonging to the ammonoid order Ceratitida and superfamily Noritaceae. The Noritidae, which lived during the Early and Middle Triassic, are characterized by smooth, flat, discoidal shells with tabulate venters bordered by pronounced shoulders. Sutures are ceratitic with club-shaped saddles.
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Sageceras, type genus of the Sageceratidae, is described as having lenticular shells with flattened bicarinate venters and small umbilici. Sutures form numerous subequal auxiliary and adventitious lobes. Hedenstroemiidae are described as having discoidal, compressed, generally smooth, involute shells with tabulate to oxynote venters. Suture are ceratitic with adventitious saddles and lobes.
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There are three radial veins (R1, R2+3, R4+5). The medial vein M1+2 is simple or rarely furcate, as in the genus Sciapus. The anterior cross-vein is in the basal part of the wing. The posterior basal wing cell and the discoidal wing cell are always fused.
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The shell is openly umbilicate (the umbilicus about one-fourth the total diameter), of a uniform pale brown tint, discoidal. The spire is convex but low. Suture is deeply impressed. The shell has 3 ½ whorls, that are convex, slowly increasing, the embryonic 1 ½ densely striate spirally, the rest radially costellate.
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This species, like all planorbids, has a sinistral shell. The shell in this species is very minute, discoidal, with four slowly increasing whorls. The shell coloration is greenish-white to light brown. The width of the shell is up to 3.3 mm, and the height is up to 0.8 mm.
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The hindwings are pale yellow with a fuscous discoidal spot and a fuscous postmedial line, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to the lower angle of the cell and oblique to above the tornus. There is also a fuscous terminal line. The larvae feed on Cola nitida and Theobroma cacao.
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Adults are fuscous, the forewings with traces of an antemedial line, as well as a dark discoidal point and an indistinct postmedial line. The outer half of the costa has five prominent pure white spots. The hindwings have an indistinct postmedial line. Both the forewings and hindwings have a dark terminal line.
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Perisphinctidae is a family of Middle and Upper Jurassic discoidal ammonites in the order Ammonitida. They have a shell morphology that is mostly evolute, typically with biplicate, simple, or triplicate ribbing. Large forms have simple apertures and smooth body chambers while small forms have lappets and ribbed body chambers. The ammonites of PerisphinctidaeD.
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The shell of Cravenoceras is thickly discoidal to globose and moderately to widely umbilicate. Young stages are mostly extremely evolute. Sculpture consists of transverse lamellae, which are more or less straight on the flanks, but form a shallow ventral sinus. Longitudinal lirae mostly absent or very faint, sometimes restricted to umbilical shoulder.
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There is a medial pale yellow band with a slight brownish point in middle of the cell. The terminal half is pale brownish with a faint dark discoidal bar and some yellowish on the costa beyond the middle. The hindwings have a pale yellow basal half, while the terminal half is pale brownish.
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Heminautilus has a discoidal compressed involute shell with flanks converging on a narrow flattened outer margin, the venter. Whorls are higher than wide. The suture is sinuous with a ventral lobe, subtriangular saddles on the ventral shoulders, broad lateral lobes, and narrow rounded saddles on the umbilical shoulders. The siphuncle is subcentral.
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The hindwings are yellowish white with a black-brown discoidal bar with a strong slightly curved line from it to above the inner margin. The postmedial line is strong and dark red brown. It is joined at vein 2 by a waved red-brown subterminal line. The terminal line is dark red-brown.
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Genera of the Uddenitinae have narrow discoidal shells with narrow flat or sometimes grooved venters. Sutures are goniatitic to ceratitic with rounded saddles and slightly pointed to digitate lobes which form a declining series going toward the umbilicus. The ventral lobe is commonly long and narrow, and trifucated with sharp, simple prongs.
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The ventral portion of the first lateral lobe is intermediate in depth. Diaxites, Ruzhentsev 1941, has the characteristic discoidal form but the ventral lobe is quite wide, still trifid. Diaxites is Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian in age. Neouddenites, Ruzhentsev 1961, is similar to Uddenites, but later, coming from the Lower Permian.
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Head and thorax blackish brown; the terminal half of tegulae whitish, the patagia whitish except at base and with black spot at middle; antenna; fulvous; femora yellow above; tibiae and tarsi with some whitish; abdomen yellow dorsally clothed with brown hair to near extremity, ventrally brown mixed with whitish. Forewing black brown irrorated with white; a white patch at base; an antemedial maculate white band, angled outwards at median nervure and followed by spots below costa and in and below cell; an oblique medial maculate white band from costa to above vein 1; two small discoidal spots; an oblique postmedial maculate white band, the spots between veins 5 and 3 and at inner margin small and the spot below vein 3 lunulate; a subterminal series of white spots, the spot below vein 7 displaced towards termen; cilia with a series of white spots. Hindwing semihyaline white, the basal and inner areas tinged with brown; a black discoidal spot, small subapical spot and slight subterminal points between veins 6 and 4; the underside with obliquely placed antemedial blackish spots below costa and in cell, a spot on costa above the discoidal spot. Wingspan 54 mm.
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The forewings are cupreous brown, the inner half pale yellow from before the antemedial line to the postmedial line confluent with a patch beyond the lower angle of the cell. There is a curved blackish antemedial line, a slight black discoidal lunule with a small white spot before it and a blackish postmedial line, defined on the outer side by white towards the costa, where it expands into a small spot with some white before and beyond it. It is minutely waved, at vein 2 retracted to below the end of the cell and then slightly angled outwards in the submedian fold. The hindwings are pale yellow, the terminal area broadly tinged with cupreous brown and with a blackish discoidal striga.
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There is an antemedial black point in the cell and discoidal striga, the latter with a slight black-brown annulus above it on the costa, as well as a faint brownish-ochreous line from the origin of vein 2 to the inner margin. There is also a brownish-ochreous shade beyond the cell and an ochreous-brown postmedial line with two black-brown striae at the costa. There is a black point at the apex and an elliptical brownish-ochreous patch on the termen, as well as a black striga before the termen at vein 3. The hindwings are silvery white with a black discoidal bar, a postmedial line with a black spot at the costa, which then becomes brownish ochreous.
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Saul, L.R. & C.J. Stadum (2005). Fossil argonauts (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopodida) from Late Miocene siltstones of the Los Angeles Basin, California. Journal of Paleontology 79(3): 520–531. The shell is discoidal and very involute, with rapidly expanding and compressed whorls, fine radial ribs, a rounded venter with a shallow furrow, and almost closed umbilicus.
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The forewings are pale reddish brown, with a paler inner half. There are traces of a sinuous antemedial line and there is a faint dark spot in the middle of the cell, as well as a discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is indistinct. The hindwings are pale reddish brown with whitish basal and inner areas.
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Adults are white, the forewings suffused with ochreous, except the cell and median part of the inner area. There are slight fuscous marks at the base. There is an antemedial line angled outwards on the median nervure, inwards in the submedian interspace and outwards on vein 1. There is a slight discoidal black lunule.
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Meekoceras is characterized by a compressed, discoidal, evolute or involute shell with flattened sides and narrow, flattened or rounded venter that is without keels or furrows. The surface is smooth or with lateral folds, but no tubercles, spines, or spiral ridges. Umbilicus variable, body chamber short. Sutures ceratitic with smooth rounded saddles and serrated lobes.
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Craspedodiscus is a genus of cephalopods in the ammonite superfamily Perisphinctaceae from the mid Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian-Barremian) of Northern Europe and Siberia that lived some 125 Ma. Craspedodiscus is discoidal with laterally compressed whorls and a narrowly rounded venter, covered with fine ribbing. It is placed in the subfamily Simbirskitinae in the family Olcostephanitidae.
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Posttornoceras, type genus of the Posttornoceratinae was named by Wedekind in 1910. Posttornocerashas a subglobular to discoidal shell with a small, closed umbilicus and biconvex growth lines (Miller et al. 1964). Sutural lobes next to the ventral lobe are formed adventitiously in the first latera saddles. Posttornoceras is derived from Exotornoceras (Saunders et al.
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The Stenophlebiidae is an extinct family of medium-sized to large fossil odonates from the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous period that belongs to the damsel-dragonfly grade ("anisozygopteres") within the stem group of Anisoptera. They are characterized by their long and slender wings, and the transverse shape of the discoidal triangles in their wing venation.
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Darvasiceras was a prolecanitid ammonoid cephalopod from the Early or Lower Permian Chelamchin Formation of Tajikistan. The genus is included in what is now the superfamily Medlicottioidea. The type species is Darvisciceras minum. The shell of Darvasiceras is discoidal, moderately involute in adult stages; the venter narrow, smooth, and flat; the umbilicus shallow and small.
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Californites is a genus of the Upper Triassic clydonicacean family Clionitidae with a discoidal, evolute shell and radial tuberculate ribs that end in strong ventrolateral spines. The whorl section is described as trapezoidal. The venter is low-arched, smooth, and has a strong but narrow median groove. Californites comes from the Carnian of California.
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Species of Torresitrachia are characterized by their small to medium-sized, discoidal shell, and a loosely coiling umbilicus. Shells are a uniform brownish in color and exhibit a sculpture of radial ribs or periostracal hairs.Solem, A. 1979. Camaenid land snails from western and central Australia (Mollusca : Pulmonata : Camaenidae) I. Taxa with trans- Australian distribution.
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Aulacaganides is monospecific genus of a Middle Permian ammonite belonging to the goniatitid family Pseudohaloritidae. Fossils belonging to this genera were found in Hunan province of China. This genus has small, involute and thickly discoidal shell with central siphuncle. Venter is rounded with gently convex lateral sides and has ventrolateral sulcus on each side.
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Race nicobarica, W.-M. & de N. (Nicobar Islands). Like the preceding race, but the subhyaline markings still broader and somewhat blurred. Upperside: forewing: the whole basal two-thirds of interspace 1 bluish white, enclosing a fine longitudinal black line; streak in discoidal cell vary broad, occasionally produced to the apical spot in the cell.
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Pronorites is a prolecanitid genus from the middle and upper Carboniferous, upper Mississippian and Pennsylvanian. Distribution is wide spread. Pronorites, as for the Pronoritidae, produced discoidal shells with no prominent sculpture, in which the ventral lobe of the suture has three prongs. In Pronorites the prongs of the 1st lateral lobe are simple, undivided.
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The forewings are white but slightly tinged with stramineous (straw colour), with black discoidal spots. The lines are indistinct and the external border is greyish brown, with a submarginal series of blackish spots and black marginal dots. The hindwings have a brownish external border and black dots at the end of the cell and along the outer margin.
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The shell of Clypeoceras is laterally compressed, involute, discoidal; whorls strongly embracing and deeply indented by the next inner whorl, increasing rapidly in height. Sides slightly convex, sloping outward to a rather narrow venter, which may be angular or rounded but never with keels or grooves. Surface smooth or ornamented with radial striae and folds. Body chamber short.
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The Cravenoceratidae is one of six families included in the ammonoid superfamily Neoglyphioceratoidea, which lived during the latter part of the Paleozoic era. Cravenoceratid genera have moderately evolute to involute, broad or thickly discoidal shells with a moderately narrow umbilicus. The surface is generally smooth, dominated by growth striae. Spiral ornamentation may be present, but reticulate ornament is absent.
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Prolecanitoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of ammonites, fossil cephalopods. This is one of two superfamilies in the Prolecanitida. The other is the Medlicottioidea. The Prolecanitoidea are found in the Upper Devonian to the Middle Permian and are recognized basically by their generally smooth discoidal to lentincular shells which have a large umbilicus and goniatitic to ceratitic sutures.
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There were 727 total stone artifacts found at the Ngalue Cave site. 555 of these artifacts were found in the middle beds of the cave. Most of these tools were made of quartz material brought in from the surrounding area. The tools display discoidal reduction and are usually handheld tools, although some of the smaller tools were braced.
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Coeloceratidae is a family of ammonites belonging to the Eoderoceratoidea that lived during the Early Jurassic. Shells are evolute, tending to be broadly discoidal with depressed whorls bearing primary and secondary ribs that branch from outer lateral tubercles. Most of the included species have coronate inner whorls and outer tubercles only. In general, Coeloceratids resemble the Middle Jurassic Stephanoceras.
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Perhamite can range in color from white to brown and can be translucent to opaque. Its luster is said to be earthy, but vitreous to pearly along fractures. It occurs as radial discoidal, platy hexagonal crystals, in rough spherules up to 1mm thick. The specific gravity of perhamite is measured at 2.64 with a calculated density of 2.53.
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The forewings are yellowish suffused with brick-red. The antemedial line is red-brown and there is a minute red-brown spot in the upper part of the middle of the cell and discoidal bar. The postmedial line is red-brown. The hindwings are yellowish suffused with brick-red, the costal area white to beyond the middle.
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Adults are golden yellow, the forewings with a purplish-fuscous costal half and a dark point on the base of the inner margin. There is a curved antemedial black line. There is a wedge-shaped yellow mark on the costa. The hindwings have a discoidal point and a sinuous series of points that represent the postmedial line.
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The forewings are brown, but the cell and a fascia below it are hyaline (glass like). There is a dark-brown discoidal spot and hyaline streaks in the interspaces beyond the cell between veins nine and three running towards the termen. The hindwings are hyaline, although the veins and margins are narrowly brown and the cilia white.
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The length of the shell varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. The discoidal, depressed, smooth, shining shell is covered-perforate. The six whorls, are, under a lens, very minutely, obliquely striate. The earliest whorls are whitish, spirally obsoletely sulcate, the remainder are pale flesh-colored, ornamented with a subsutural linear zone and oblique brown spots.
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The vitreous-white, very minute shell has a discoidal shape and a flat spire. The shell is smooth and perforate with some growth lines. The protoconch consists of one whorl, rather large and with a bulbous shape.H.J. Finlay, Additions to the Recent Molluscan Fauna of New Zealand; Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand v.
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The discoidal bar is strong and there are five hyaline streaks beyond the cell. The hindwings are hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black brown. The underside of the forewing has some orange yellow below the costa to beyond the cell. The underside of the hindwings has an orange-yellow area on the costa and towards base.
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The forewings are brownish ochreous, irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous. The costal and terminal areas are less strongly irrorated. There are traces of a curved ochreous antemedial line, and ochreous discoidal lunule and three small spots on the costa towards the apex. Both wings have traces of a pale sinuous subterminal line which is more distinct on the underside.
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The internal structure of bituminite varies from deposit to deposit. It may be homogeneous, streaky, fluidal or finely granular. These properties of internal structure, however, are only visible when particles are irradiated with blue or violet light. Bituminite is commonly found in the size and shape of irregular, discoidal particles that are typically 100-200 μm in diameter.
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Fontannesia is an ammonoid cephalopod genus with a small to medium size, evolute, discoidal shell that was extant during the Jurassic Period. The sides are ribbed, the venter has a single median keel, and tubercles are lacking. Fontannesia is included in the Sonniniidae (Hildoceratoidea) and has been found widespread in Europe, western Australia, Canada, and Argentina.
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The height of the shell attains 1 mm, its diameter 1.7 mm. This thin, white, translucent shell has a discoidal shape and is widely umbilicate. The flat spire consists of 4 whorls, including the 2 narrow, smooth, convex whorls of the slightly raised protoconch. The shell is ornamented with many radial riblets and intercostal spiral striae.
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Gymnitidae is a family of Lower to Middle Triassic ammonite cephalopods with evolute, discoidal shells. Hyatt and Smith (1905, p. 114-115) included the Gymnitidae in the suborder Ceratitoidea, which later became the superfamily Ceratitaceae and included in it genera more primitive than Gymnites as well as the more advanced Gymnites. Those being Xenaspis, Flemingites, and Ophiceras.
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Trichadenotecnum sexpunctatum Trichadenotecnum sexpunctatum Psocidae is a family of barklice in the order Psocoptera. Members of this family are recognised by their wing-venation, where the areola postica is fused to the M-vein, giving rise to the so-called discoidal cell. This family is closely related to Myopsocidae. The family is widespread, including New Zealand.
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The vibrissae on head are well developed. The arista has long rays above and shorter rays below. There are two pairs of dorsocentral bristles on thorax and one mesopleural bristle on the side of the thorax. Costa interrupted near R1, Subcosta reduced and close to R1, posterior basal wing cell and discoidal wing cell fused; anal wing cell rudimentary.
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Interfrontal bristles may be present as may scattered interfrontal setulae. Vibrissae may be absent or present. On the mesonotum are one to two pairs of dorsocentral bristles. The costa is entire, without interruptions; the subcosta is reduced; posterior basal wing cell and discoidal wing cell are fused; anal cell of wing and anal vein of wing are absent.
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Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) Suppl. 12 The wings are dull pale sienna reddish, crossed by numerous ill-defined irregular greyish-brown lines. The external border and angle of the forewings is clouded with the same colour. All wings have a dark rounded slate-grey spot at the inferior angle of the discoidal cell.
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The shell of Hammatoceras varies from evolute to sub- involute, according to species and growth stage. All are compressed, i.e. discoidal, in form, with strong ribbing and a keeled ventor. Ribs arise from tubercles on the umbilical shoulder, the inner, dorso-lateral margin of the whorls, and bifurcate on the flanks, stopping at the ventral keel.
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The greyish-brown coloured pods are flat and constricted between seeds and straight to shallowly curved. The glossy to mottled seeds within the pods are longitudinally arranged. the seeds have an obloidal to ellipsoidal or discoidal shape with a length of and a width of with a conical white coloured aril. It is closely related to Acacia isoneura.
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Velebites is a genus of middle Triassic ammonites from the Balkans belonging to the Aplococeratidae, a family within the Ceratitida. It is somewhat similar to Aplococeras in external form. The shell is evolute, discoidal with convex converging whorl sides and rounded venter. Ribs are more recurved than in Aplococeras and the suture is ceratitic rather than gonititic.
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The Hungaritidae comprises a family of ceratitid ammonites described in the Treatise,(Arkell et al. 1957), as involute compressed, discoidal, with keeled or sharpened venter, smooth to weakly costate. Sutures ceratitid, usually with numerous elements. Hungaritids are Middle Triassic in age spanning a range from about 247 Ma to 235 Ma. By current assessment six genera are included.
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The Meekoceratidae is a family of ceratitid ammonites described in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, as being more or less involute, compressed, discoidal, smooth to weakly ornamented; venter arched or tabulate; sutures ceratitic with broad saddles.W.J Arkell, et al., 197=578. Mesozoic Ammonoidea, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.
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Antennae, head and abdomen pale brown; thorax darker brown with a little greenish pubescence posteriorly; beneath, the palpi, thorax and abdomen pale greyish brown. Female upperside: forewing with the violet area duller and confined to the immediate base of the wing; a quadrate white spot at the end of the discoidal cell; a tripartite subcostal spot; another elongated spot from the third median to the upper discoidal nervule, placed outwardly below it; a large quadrate discal spot, completely tilling the interspace between the first and third median nervules. Hindwing with no violet gloss at the base, otherwise as in the male. Underside: forewing with the cell orange but outwardly terminated by a large white spot; the other spots as on the upperside Hindwing as in the male, but all the markings mores obscure.
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The hindwings are grey brown with an oblique dark discoidal striga and a slight dark postmedial line defined on the outer side by whitish, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted and oblique to above the tornus. There is a terminal series of blackish striae.The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in 'The Fauna of British India'.
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The forewings are yellow, the costal area and inner margin bright rufous and the antemedial line rufous, oblique to vein 1, then incurved. There is a rufous spot in the middle of the cell and an oblique discoidal bar. The postmedial line is brown, crenulate, bent outwards below vein 5, then oblique and ending at vein 2. The terminal line is rufous.
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Pachylyroceras produced a large shell that is moderately evolute to moderately involute and thickly discoidal to subglobular, with a rather wide umbilicus. Surface sculpture consists of coarse, widely spaced longitudinal lirae. Constrictions where present are wide and deep. Its suture has a narrow bifurcated ventral lobe with slightly divergent to subparallel sides and a median saddle less than half the height.
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A third major problem with the chaîne opératoire approach is that there is severe inconsistency in the application of definitions by lithic analysts. For example, since the publication of Boëda's definition of six nondisassociable criteria for Discoidal debitage, numerous variants have been proposed, and many authors have argued for the presence of Levallois concept even when those six criteria were not met.
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The discoidal cell has two brown spots and the apex is golden mixed with pale brown, with one white stripe. The subterminal line is golden mixed with pale brown and there are six terminal black dots running from the middle of the termen to the tornus. The hindwings are white, suffused with grey scales. The subterminal fascia is pale brown.
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Males have a dark dusky brown upperside smeared with purple on the exterior margin of the fore-wing and hind-wing with a broad band to the exterior margin, whitish anteriorly, bluish posteriorly, with a central longitudinal row of small, dusky spots. The underside is light brown, with greyish exterior margins, discoidal marks and a submarginal row of indistinct blackish spots.
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The five whorls are deeply convex, while the body whorl is subangulate. The first whorl of the five is discoidal. It is characterized by extremely minute wrinkling over the whole surface, only discernible under the microscope when quite fresh. The umbilicus is very large when young, and sharply keeled; when adult it is often nearly filled up by the callous lip.
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The postmedial line is blackish and there is a slight blackish terminal line. The basal half of the hindwings is white and the terminal half is whitish suffused with pale grey brown. There is a small oblique black discoidal spot and a diffused dark postmedial line, as well as an indistinct diffused curved brown subterminal line and a black terminal line.
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Telolecithal (Greek: τέλος (telos) = end, λέκιθος (lekithos) = yolk), refers to the uneven distribution of yolk in the cytoplasm of ovums found in birds, reptiles, fish, and monotremes. The yolk is concentrated at one pole of the egg separate from the developing embryo. This type of egg undergoes discoidal meroblastic cleavage, where yolk is not incorporated in the cells during cell division.
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There is some yellow suffusion irrorated with brown below the end of the cell and at the middle of the inner margin. The postmedial line is formed by a series of small black-brown lunules. The hindwings are white with a slight yellow tinge. There is a black-brown discoidal annulus, as well as a maculate black-brown postmedial line.
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The forewings are ochreous, tinged with olive and irrorated (sprinkled) with olive-brown scales. The costal area and terminal area are suffused with brown. The antemedial line is dark and there is a point in the cell, as well as a prominent discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is marked by points and there is a terminal series of black points.
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Crystalline NaHS undergoes two phase transitions. At temperatures above 360 K, NaHS adopts the NaCl structure, which implies that the HS− behaves as a spherical anion owing to its rapid rotation, leading to equal occupancy of eight equivalent positions. Below 360 K, a rhombohedral structure forms, and the HS− sweeps out a discoidal shape. Below 114 K, the structure becomes monoclinic.
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Euaptetoceras is an evolute hildoceratoid ammonite from the lower Middle Jurassic, included in the family Hammatoceratidae and the subfamility Hammatoceratinae. The genus may be a junior synonym for Eudmetoceras of Buckman, 1920. The shell of Euaptetoceras has an evolute, compressed, discoidal shape with a whorl section higher than wide. The inner whorls have long primary ribs while the outer whorls become smooth.
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The antemedial line is blackish the outer margin with a black blotch along the upper half. The discoidal stigma is black, the postmedial line is fuscous and is followed on the costa by a large black blotch. The lower third of the median area is fulvous with a round blackish apical spot. The hindwings are white, but the outer third is blackish.
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Xainzanoceras is a genus of nautiloid cephalopods from the Upper Ordovician of China, assigned to the tarphyceratid family Lituitidae. The type, Xainzanoceras xizangense Chen resembles the ophidioceratid genus Ophioceras. The shell is evolute, discoidal, serpenticonic; whorl section rounded, covered with thick, straight, close spaced, radial ribs that curve slightly forward at the ventral margin where they become quickly reduced or lost.
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It is found in New Guinea. The wingspan is about 34 mm. The forewings are pale purplish red irrorated (sprinkled) with blackish and with a minute annulus incompletely defined by black scales in the middle of the cell and a more complete discoidal annulus. There are traces of a diffused dark postmedial line, oblique to vein 5, then inwardly oblique and somewhat dentate.
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Coroniceras is a genus in the Arietitidae, a family in the ammonitid superfamily Psiloceratoidea, from the lower Sinermurian stage in the Lower Jurassic. It is a sub zone ammonite of the Arnioceras semicostatum Zone. Coroniceras has a thin discoidal form with a circular whorl section, arched venter, single tall keel, and few but strong ribs. Coroniceras is included in the subfamily Arietitinae.
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Deltocymatoceras is probably derived form Cymatoceras by a rounding of the ventro-lateral shoulders resulting in a narrowing of the venter, coupled with the development of a pointed ventral saddle. Eucymatoceras from the Lower Cretaceous is similar, except for lacking the vernal keel. Contemporary, Upper Cretaceous Epicymatoceras is involute, discoidal. Deltoidonautiluds with its similar name, and converging sides, belongs to the Hercoglossidae.
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Males and females have the upperside white, with the veins more or less black, but the ground colour in many specimens are so densely overlaid by black scales over nearly the whole surface of both forewings and hindwings as to leave only a subterminal series of more or less rectangular spots of the white ground colour apparent on each wing, those on the hindwing are the largest and are inwardly acutely emarginate. In addition, there is a large ill-defined black patch on the discocellulars of the forewing and a small spot of the same colour generally on the discocellulars of the hindwing. Cilia of both wings black. In nearly all specimens the discoidal cells of the wings are greyish, and on the forewing there are anterior discal, elongate, greyish spots beyond the apex of the discoidal cell.
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The forewings are very dark brown, glossed with purple. There is a faint rather diffused dark antemedial line and an indistinct dark discoidal bar. The postmedial line is faint, dark and rather diffused, erect to vein 3, then retracted to below the end of the cell and erect to the inner margin. There is a slight pale line at the base of the cilia.
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The hindwings are semihyaline white, the base with slight blackish marks and a blackish discoidal annulus, as well as a fine postmedial line excurved to near the termen between veins 5 and 2, then retracted and interrupted to near the tornus. There is a black-brown apical patch extending to vein 4 and a spot below vein 2, as well as a fine terminal line.
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The forewings are pale yellow, the costa and veins tinged with fulvous. The antemedial line is fuscous and oblique and there is a fuscous discoidal bar. The postmedial line is fuscous, slightly bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to the lower angle of the cell, and oblique to the inner margin near the antemedial line. There is a fuscous terminal line.
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Convex transverse scraper Tool size: This can be determined by either weight or dimensions and typically divided into either large or small scrapers. Tool shape: There are many different shapes scrapers can be, including rectangular, triangular, irregular, discoidal, domed, or keeled. In many cases it can be hard to determine the classification for the shape of the scraper. The shape of the scraper is often considered diagnostic.
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The forewings are brown, with an antemedial waved black line, angled below the cell. There is a discoidal black lunule and a postmedial minutely-dentate black line, excurved to vein 2, below which it is angled inwards almost to the cell, the bent outwards again. The hindwings are fuscous, with two black points on the discocellulars. The postmedial line is excurved between veins 5 and 2.
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There is a terminal series of black points. The hindwings have a paler basal area and a sub-basal fuscous mark on the inner area. There is a discoidal point and conjoined postmedial and subterminal fuscous maculate patches from vein 6 to the inner margin at the middle and tornus. There is a subterminal patch from costa to vein 3 and a terminal series of black points.
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The tarsi are five-segmented and bear tarsal claws, pulvilli, and a well developed empodium. The wings have two basal cells (posterior basal wing cell and basal wing cell), but are without a discoidal wing cell. R4+5 is simple or branched; at most, only three branches of R developed. The leading edge wing veins are stronger than the weak veins of the trailing edge.
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Members (genera) of the Tissotiidae tend to have smooth, strongly involute shells with deeply impressed inner rims to the whorls where subsequent whorls wrap around those prior. Shells may be narrow and discoidal, broad and subspheroidal, or in between. Sides commonly have broad ribs, and on some, tubercles. The outer rim, known as the venter, may be wide and nearly flat, rounded, or narrow and even sharp.
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Bisatoceratidae is a family of Late Paleozoic ammonites now included in the Thalassoceratoidea characterized by thick-discoidal to subglobular, involute shells in which lobes are simple. Some forms have spiral ornamentation. Bisatoceratidae was originally a subfamily of the Goniatitidae as Bisatoceratinae, named by Miller and Furnish, 1957, and introduced in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, 1957. Its relation to the Thalassoceratidae is tenuous.
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Mimagoniatites is a genus of ammonoid cephalopod which lived during the early Devonian, regarded as belonging to the Agoniatitdae as a member of the subfamily Mimagoniatitinae. The shell is discoidal, primarily evolute, becoming mildly involute in later growth stage, moderately to rapidly expanding. Whorl section of first two whorls approximately circular, subtrapezoidal in later whorls. Umbilicas perforated, protoconch swollen, not in contact with first whorl.
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The shell is trochiform, dome-shaped or discoidal and umbilicate. The shell has from 4½ to 6 slowly enlarging whorls. The aperture is small, oblique, with armature of 2 or 3 parietal lamellae and several deeply placed basal folds, all growing continuously from an early neanic stage. The peristome is more or less thickened and expanded, the ends of the lip remote, joined by a parietal callus.
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Saxoceras is a genus of very evolute schlotheimiid ammonoids from the Lower Jurassic. The shell of Saxoceras is discoidal bearing strong, generally straight ribs that arise on the umbilical shoulder and thicken on the middle of the venter. Similar Waehneroceras has ribs that curve forward as they approach the venter and Kammerkarites has finer ribs with secondaried. Both are also evolute schlotheimiids with all whorls exposed.
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Recreation of Hildoceras Hildoceras is a genus of ammonite from the Jurassic era in the family Hildoceratidae. The shells are characterized by a narrow discoidal evolute shape, keeled venter, concave ribs along the outer flanks, and a shallow spiral groove running along smooth inner flanks. Whorls slightly overlap, cross sections are compressed. The ventral keel is bordered on either side by a shallow groove.
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Taxonomic interpretation of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability in the species complex close to Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) The length of the forewings is 30–36 mm. The ground colour of the males is bright blue with an azure tint. The discoidal, submarginal and antemarginal marking are absent on both forewings and hindwings. The black outer marginal line on the forewings and hindwings is very narrow.
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The forewing hind margin has a long white pubescence. The fringes of both wings are dark grey and tips of the hindwing veins are indicated with fine black. The female ground colour is brown with vastly darker veins. There are discoidal black spots present on the forewings and the submarginal markings are dark brown with the orange submarginal lunules well developed on the forewing and hindwings.
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The height of the shell attains 1.5 mm and its diameter 4 mm. The white shell has a plane-discoidal shape with 5 whorls. The species is beautifully cancellate and sculptured, though more or less smooth below the periphery and around the narrow but deep umbilicus. The whorls are all channeled at the sutures, very distinct (seen with a lens) on the two apical whorls.
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The hindwings are silvery white with a small orange- yellow discoidal spot and an orange-yellow postmedial line, excurved to vein 4, then bent inwards to the origin of vein 2 and oblique to the inner margin. There is also an orange-yellow subterminal line, excurved to vein 2, then incurved, with a fine yellow-brown line beyond it. The terminal area is tinged with yellow.
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Adults are white, the forewings with a black spot at the base of the costa and a subbasal series of three spots. The antemedial line is represented by spots on the costa and the inner margin. There is a speck towards the end of the cell and a large discoidal spot. The postmedial line is sinuous and has spots on the costa and inner margin.
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88 Crevasse splay deposits (current-rippled to planar laminated, fine-grained sandstone to siltstone) are characterized by a mixed assemblage of vertical (Arenicolites, Skolithos, unwalled sinuous shafts, shafts with discoidal lenses of sediment), sub-vertical (Camborygma and Thalassinoides) and horizontal (Scoyenia, Rusophycus, Taenidium, Planolites and Palaeophycus) burrows. Large, vertically oriented burrows (Camborygma, cf. Ophiomorpha, Spongeliomorpha and Thalassinoides) are the dominant forms within fluvial channel deposits.
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There is a black spot on the middle of the discoidal vein and another at its lower end on all the wings. The forewings have suffused brown basal, medial and marginal bands. The middle band running only a short distance from the hindmargin, leaving the upper disc and spaces between the bands pale. The hindwings are suffused with brown and have six short lines at the base.
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Ussurites is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus belonging to the suborder Phylloceratina and is included in the family Ussuritidae. Its range is restricted to the early Middle Triassic, (Anisian) As with the family, the shell of Ussurites is discoidal, evolute, and generally smooth. The suture is phylletic with divided lobes and simple, rounded, elongate saddles. The ventral lobe is bifurcated, the two branches sharply serrated.
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The central dorsum has a prominent orange to dark brown L-shaped or triangular spot leading to the forewing centre and often meeting with the distal discoidal stigma. The antemedial line is sinuate, more or less distinct, but with a prominent subcostal bulge. The subapical half of the termen has a half moon- shaped brown to grey-grown spot. The marginal line is dotted.
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The wings are yellowish white, thickly irrorated (sprinkled) and suffused with fuscous grey. The forewings have a curved black antemedial line and a sinuous postmedial line excurved from the costa to vein 3, then bent inwards to vein 2 and oblique to the inner margin. The area between the two lines is without the fuscous irroration or suffusion from the costa to vein 2. There is a pale centered discoidal stigma.
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Adults are pale yellowish brown, the wings thinly scaled and with brown veins. The forewings have a fuscous subbasal mark on the inner margin and an antemedial oblique line. There is a discoidal lunule and the postmedial line is oblique from the costa to vein 2, where it is retracted to the angle of the cell, then oblique to the inner margin near the antemedial line. The termen is fuscous.
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The postmedial line is indistinct, bent outwards and minutely dentate between veins 5 and 3, then retracted and angled outwards again. The hindwings are suffused with ochreous to the postmedial line, except on the costa and inner margin. There is a black discoidal spot and the post medial line is bent outwards between veins 5 and 2. There is some fuscous suffusion on the termen between vein 2 and the tornus.
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Polonoceras, which lived during the Late Devonian, has an involute or moderately evolute, discoidal shell with a high aperture and flattened, grooved venter. The adventitious lobe, next to the ventral lobe, is widely rounded, the Ventro- lateral saddle narrow and sometimes higher than lateral saddle. Polonoceras is found in Europe, in Poland, where it was discovered. It is also reported from Upper Devonian (middle Famennian) in Canning Basin, Western Australia.
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Thalassoceratoidea, formerly Thalassocerataceae, is a superfamily of Late Paleozoic ammonites characterized by their thick-discoidal to subglobular, involute shells with narrow or closed umbilici and biconvex growth striae with ventral sinuses. The ventral lobe of the suture, which straddles the outer rim, is wide, and bifid, with a tall median saddle. Thallassoceratoidea are gonitites and one of seventeen superfamilies in the Goniatitina suborder. Two families are now included, Bisatoceratidae and Thalassoceratidae.
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The Posttornoceratidae are Late Devonian goniatites (Ammonoidea) included in the superfamily Tornoceratoidea. The family, Posttornoceratidae, named by Bogoslovsky in 1962, is based on the genus Posttornoceras, named by Wedekind in 1910, originally included in the Tornoceratidae (sensu Miller et al. 1964). The Posttornoceratidae produced subglobular to discoidal shells with small, closed umbilici and lateral lobes in the suture that are produced adentitiously (i.e. haphazardly) from the first lateral saddles.
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2004) and has been found in Upper Devonian sediments in Germany and Poland (Miller et al. ibid) Exotornoceras is the ancestral tornoceratid, named by Becker in 1993. Exotornoceras is derived from Gundolficeras( Falcitornoceratinae) Discoclymenia is the type of the Discoclylemniinae, named by Hyatt in 1844. Discoclymenia has a subglobular to discoidal shell with a small, closed umbilicus, like Sporadoceras but with additional adventitious lobes in the 1st lateral saddles.
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The forewings are semitransparent fuliginous grey with the discoidal cell and interno-basal half golden fulvous. The veins are black. The hindwings are golden fulvous to the commencement of the tail, the latter blackish, crossed by a belt of ochreous at the commencement of its expansion, which is beyond the middle. The head and thorax are shining pitch-brown and the collar and two spots on the prothorax orange.
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Discophyllitidae are discoidal, generally evolute Phylloceratina from the Upper Triassic, derived from the Ussuritidae, in which the principal saddles of the suture have bifurcated or trifurcated endings, described as being di- or triphyllic. Discophyllitid shells are rather similar to those of the ancestral Ussuritidae and are distinguished primarily by the more complex suture. The Discophyllitidae provided the source for the Jurassic Phylloceratidae and Juraphyllitidae. Four genera are recognized and described.
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The wings are ochreous, tinged in parts with brown. There is a black point near the base of the inner margin and the antemcdial line is blackish. There is also a small black spot in the middle of the cell and a somewhat lunulate discoidal spot. The postmedial line is blackish and there is a faint minutely waved fuscous subterminal line, as well as a slight terminal shade.
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The forewings are whitish, clouded in parts with fuscous brown. The terminal area is black-brown with a whitish subapical patch and a curved blackish antemedial line. There is a blackish discoidal striga and the postmedial line is blackish, with a black spot at the costa and defined on the outer side by whitish. There is a blackish terminal line and a fine whitish line at the base of the cilia.
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Depending on their surface, they are classified as bread-crust, discoidal and ellipsoidal in shape. Volcanic bombs are found in a large numbers on the slopes of volcanoes (Aragats, Arailer) and on the slag cones of the Geghama, Vardenic and Syunik highlands. Besides the fusiform bombs one can see twisted along bodies withdrawn-off edges, sometimes having an open longitudinal fracture, as well as lemon-like and spherical ones.
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The M.fallax has several pleisomorphic morphological traits, such as its short prothorax, a lack of discoidal spines. Unlike the other mantid species, the Metallyticus species are unique because of their iridescent colouring, meaning this is the only genus with this characteristic. M.fallax has more ventral cervical sclerites than M.splendidus. This mantis tends to rest underneath the bark of trees, feeding on butterflies, termites, flies, and mainly on cockroaches.
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The forewings are silvery white with a grey-brown costal area and a faint brown antemedial line, as well as a curved dark brown discoidal striga. The postmedial line is grey brown with a blackish bar at the costa and there is a grey-brown terminal line. The hindwings are silvery white with a pale grey- brown postmedial line and a grey-brown terminal line, except towards the tornus.
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F. berryi is only known from a forewing long and wide. It was collected by professor E.W. Berry of the Johns Hopkins University. Owing to the wings size, Carpenter believed that the ant may have been long, making it one of the largest ants to ever live. It has a long and narrow stigma (small, colored thick area near the wing-tip), and the discoidal cell is triangular.
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The forewings are yellow, irrorated (sprinkled) with rufous scales. There is an indistinct dark sinuous antemedial line and a leaden annulus in the cell, as well as a postmedial leaden band with black edges. There is a dark point on the costa towards the apex and a waved subterminal leaden band. The hindwings are whitish with a dark discoidal point and traces of a medial line on the inner area.
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Dorsetensia is a narrowly coiled discoidal ammonite from the early Middle Jurassic, lower Bajocian, belonging to the family Sonniniidae of the superfamily Hildoceratoidea. The inner whorls are ribbed or smooth, outer whorl is smooth. The outer rim (venter) is narrow, with a keel running along the middle. The umbilicus, the opening in the middle of the shell exposing inner whorls, is of moderate size with a sharp, sometimes undercut edge.
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The forewings are pale yellow or pale ochreous with an indistinct brown spot below the discal cell near the base. The antemedial line is represented by fuscous spots and the discoidal stigma has the form of a fuscous stripe. There are several short fuscous streaks around the end of the discal cell. The postmedial line consists of fuscous spots and there are some indistinct brown streaks in the terminal interspaces.
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The larvae appear like those of the Anisoptera but are unable to use the Anisopteran jet-propulsion mode of escape; instead they must walk. Venation of E. laidlawi The adult flight is slow and rather uncoordinated. The discoidal cell in the forewing is uncrossed and four sided and in the hindwing the crossvein is long making the cell distally wide. The arculus is situated between the primary antenodals.
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Hind wings are yellow with a small rufous spot in the cell and elliptical discoidal annulus; postmedial line rufous, incurved below costa, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then oblique; a curved crenulate subterminal line, the apical area suffused with rufous; a terminal rufous line and a line through the cilia. It has a wingspan of .Hampson, G. F. 1912b. Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae.
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Adults are fuscous brown with a slight cupreous gloss, the forewings with a dark antemedial line, with a white band on the inner side, excurved from the costa to the submedian fold, then slightly incurved. There is a black spot in the middle of the cell and a discoidal lunule, with a white spot before the former and rather quadrate spot between them. The postmedial line is dark, with a white band on the outer edge expanding into a triangular patch towards the costa and a small spot below vein 2, incurved from the costa to vein 5, excurved to vein 2, then retracted towards the lower angle of the cell and again excurved. The hindwings have an oblique blackish discoidal bar and a dark postmedial line, with a white band on its outer edge, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted towards the angle of the cell and slightly angled outwards at vein 1.
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Early Middle Paleolithic stone tools from Denisova Cave were characterized by discoidal (disk-like) cores and Kombewa cores, but Levallois cores and flakes were also present. There were scrapers, denticulate tools, and notched tools, deposited about 287±41 thousand years ago in the Main Chamber of the cave; and about 269±97 thousand years ago in the South Chamber; up to 170±19 thousand and 187±14 thousand years ago in the Main and East Chambers, respectively. Middle Middle Paleolithic assemblages were dominated by flat, discoidal, and Levallois cores, and there were some isolated sub-prismatic cores. There were predominantly side scrapers (a scraper with only the sides used to scrape), but also notched-denticulate tools, end-scrapers (a scraper with only the ends used to scrape), burins, chisel-like tools, and truncated flakes. These dated to 156±15 thousand years ago in the Main Chamber, 58±6 thousand years ago in the East Chamber, and 136±26–47±8 thousand years ago in the South Chamber.
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The forewings are white tinged with ochreous and with a curved black subbasal line from the costa to vein 1, followed by a blackish shade from below the costa to the inner margin. There is a strong curved black-brown antemedial line, conjoined at the median nervure to an oblique bar in the middle of the cell. There is a pale discoidal bar on the black-brown patch extending to the costa and the postmedial line is strong, black-brown, incurved from the costa to vein 5, excurved to vein 2, then bent inwards to the lower edge of the discoidal patch and oblique to the inner margin near the antemedial line. There is also a terminal black-brown band, broad and with a curved inner edge from the costa to vein 4, then narrow to vein 2 and expanding into a large patch on the tornal area confluent with the curve of the postmedial line.
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The forewings are pale ochreous, irrorated with brown, especially on the costal area to the postmedial line. There is a subbasal black spot on the inner margin and an oblique sinuous fuscous antmedial line, as well as a black point in the middle of the cell and a discoidal bar. The postmedial line is fuscous and there is a punctiform black terminal line. The hindwings are pale ochreous, irrorated with brown especially on the disc.
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There is also a black line just before the termen from the costa to the submedian fold, as well as a fine black terminal line. The hindwings are brownish grey, irrorated with black. There is a black discoidal spot with a diffused line from it to the inner margin. The postmedial line is black, defined on the outer side by grey, with blackish suffusion beyond it extending on the costal area to the termen.
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Blanfordiceras is a strongly ribbed, evolute ammonite included in the perisphinctacean family, Neocomitidae that lived during the latest Jurassic. The shell of Blanfordiceras is discoidal, coiled evolutely with all whorls visible so as to have a broad umbilicus. Exposed whorls are ornamented with strong ribbing that arises from the umbilicus, bifurcating on the outer flanks and extending onto the venter. In general form Blanfordiceras is similar to Berriasella, although with a more rounded whorl section.
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Paratornoceratinae is a subfamily of oxyconic dimeroceratids included in the order Goniatitida, a group of Paleozoic ammonoids, which have closer affinity to living coleoids than to Nautilus. Paratornoceratinae as defined by Ebbighausen, Becker, & Bockwinkel in 2002 comprises three recognised genera with sharp, oxyconic, venters; Acrimeroceras, Paratornoceras, and Polonites. The shell, as described for the type, Paratornoceras, is subglobular and evolute on young stages, but discoidal and with closed umbilicus in the adult.
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Thalassoceratidae a family of late Paleozoic ammonites included in the goniatitid superfamily Thalassoceratoidea along with the Bisatoceratidae. Some eight genera are included, although the specific number and exactly which depends on the particular classification. Thalassoceratids are characterized by thick-discoidal to subglobular, involute shells with narrow or closed umbilici and serrate or digitate external lobes in the suture. This latter distinguishes them from the Bisatoceratidae in which the external lobes are smooth.
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The pedal digits are very peculiar in structure; the first digit is reduced in length, with all the remaining digits being nearly equal in length, however the fourth digit is very thin compared to the others. The phalanges of the three first digits are shortened, robust with comparable structure. The second and third phalanx of fourth digit are discoidal and stocky. Lastly, the unguals are recurved, exceptionally large, and strongly flattened laterally.
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M. splendidus has several plesiomorphic morphological traits, such as its short prothorax, a lack of discoidal spines. Unlike the other mantid species, the Metallyticus species are unique because of their iridescent colouring, meaning this is the only genus with this characteristic. M. splendidus also have less ventral cervical sclerites than other species in their genus. This mantis tends to rest underneath the bark of trees, feeding on butterflies, termites, flies, and mainly on cockroaches.
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The Tarsophlebiidae is an extinct family of medium-sized fossil odonates from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous period of Eurasia. They are either the most basal member of the damsel-dragonfly grade ("anisozygopteres") within the stem group of Anisoptera, or the sister group of all Recent odonates. They are characterized by the basally open discoidal cell in both pairs of wings, very long legs, paddle-shaped male cerci, and a hypertrophied ovipositor in females.
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Phostria albescentalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1918. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (North Kivu), Kenya and Mozambique. The inner margin of the forewings has a small black spot at its extremity and there is a curved blackish antemedial line, as well as a small black spot in the middle of the cell and an elliptical discoidal spot.
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The forewings are pale rufous, the costa whitish to towards the apex. There is a subbasal black point above the inner margin. The antemedial line is slight, black and oblique from below the costa to the submedian fold, then slightly incurved. There is a black point in the middle of the cell and the discoidal striga and the postmcdial line is black, highly crenidate and has black points on the inner side at the veins.
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Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 98 (3223): 80 The forewings are white and semihyaline, except the marginal areas, which are irrorated (sprinkled) with some black scales. The base is largely irrorated with black and with two indistinct waved black subbasal lines. There is a discoidal spot, defined by a few black scales, its upper part filled with pale red brown and with a pale red-brown spot above it below the costa.
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Discussing UFO sightings and crop circles that appeared near Riolândia, São Paulo in January 2000, he said that the bent reeds were not evidence. What counted was the appearance of discoidal objects. In 2002, Gevaerd investigated crop circles in the fields of Alton Barnes in southern England, 30 km from the resort of Avebury. He speculated that the circles and other designs in the British fields represented some kind of coded message.
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Head and thorax white; tegulae and patagia with indistinct fuscous annuli; palpi with fuscous marks at sides; legs with slight fuscous bands, the fore femora yellow above; abdomen white, dorsally yellow except at extremity. Forewing white with numerous waved interrupted fuscous lines forming obscure annuli; an antemedial semicircular mark on costa; a discoidal lunule with illdefined oblique band formed by the waved lines from it to inner margin. Hindwing pure white. Wingspan, 50–54 mm.
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Hlawiceras is an extinct genus from a well known subclass of fossil cephalopods known informally as ammonites that lived during the Jurassic Period, which lasted from approximately 200 to 145 million years ago. Hlawiceras belongs to the family Stephanoceratidae,true ammonites, which is contained in the Stephanoceratoidea. It is probably synonymous with the better known Garantiana Hlawiceras(Garantiana) has an evolute discoidal shell with a subcircular cross section and close spaced transverse ribbing.
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Head and thorax brownish ochreous; pectus white; legs brownish ochreous; abdomen white tinged with ochreous and slightly irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous. Forewing brownish ochreous faintly tinged with red and very slightly irrorated with brown; a black discoidal point; traces of an oblique diffused red fascia from apex to discocellulars. Hindwing white suffused with ochreous; the underside white, the costal area suffused with ochreous.Hampson, George F. (1910) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum.
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The forewings have a subbasal hyaline (glass-like) point in the cell and quadrate antemedial spots in the cell, the latter with a spot below it. There is a lunulate mark just beyond the cell composed of five almost conjoined spots between veins 3 and 8, the two middle ones larger. The hindwings have an oblique dark medial line ending above the tornus and a quadrate discoidal hyaline spot with a short dark line on its outer edge.
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There is a similar faint line beyond it and a red-brown terminal line. The hindwings are white, the terminal area tinged with sulphur- yellow except at the tornus. There is a dark discoidal bar and the postmedial line is dark, bent outwards and waved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and erect to the inner margin. There is a faint waved brownish subterminal line and a red-brown terminal line.
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Adults are dark fuscous, suffused with purple, the forewings with the antemedial line slightly defined by grey on the inner side. There is a quadrate white spot in the end of the cell. The postmedial line is defined by grey on the outer side, with two dentate white marks below the costa, strongly excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below the angle of the cell, then excurved again. The hindwings have traces of a discoidal spot.
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The forewings are brownish grey suffused with black. The antemedial line is black, defined on the inner side by white, angled outwards below the costa, in the cell and the submedian fold, then oblique to the inner margin. There is a black discoidal spot and there are two yellowish white annuli on the costa beyond the middle. The postmedial line is black, defined on the outer side by white forming a small triangular spot on the costa.
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The forewings are brown with a slight cupreous tinge. The antemedial line is indistinct, dark, oblique, from the costa to the median nervure, then more erect. There is a pale point in the middle of the cell and a slight whitish discoidal lunule both defined by dark brown. The postmedial line is dark brown, slightly incurved below the costa and oblique to vein 2, then retracted to below the end of the cell and excurved at vein 1.
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Includes freshwater or marine organisms, benthic, dorsoventrally compressed and with two unequal flagellae, each emerging from a separate pocket. The apical anterior flagellum can be very thin or end in the cell membrane, while the posterior flagellum is long and is inserted ventrally or laterally. The cell membrane is supported by a thin single layer teak and the mitochondrial crests are discoidal / flat. The group's placement is doubtful, as it seems to fall outside the five supergroups of Eukarya.
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Lipid logistics: transport of triglycerides and cholesterol in organisms in form of lipoproteins as chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, IDL, HDL. As an isolated molecule, cholesterol is only minimally soluble in water, or hydrophilic. Because of this, it dissolves in blood at exceedingly small concentrations. To be transported effectively, cholesterol is instead packaged within lipoproteins, complex discoidal particles with exterior amphiphilic proteins and lipids, whose outward-facing surfaces are water- soluble and inward-facing surfaces are lipid-soluble.
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Species in the Nautilaceae are generally smooth and involute with straight to strongly sinuous sutures and a small siphuncle. Some groups have sinuous plications or ribs. The Nautilaceae began in the Late Triassic with Cenoceras, a golublar to discoidal genus derived from the Syringonautilidae and possibly from Syringonautilus. Cenoceras, the earliest member of the Nautilaceae and Nautilidae, is the only nautiloid known to have crossed the upper Triassic boundary and the only one known from the Lower Jurassic.
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Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoid cephalopods with discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with goniatitic or ceratitic sutures and which retained the simple retrochoanitic siphuncle with backward extending septal necks. As typical for ammonoids the siphuncle is along the ventral margin. Prolecanitids form a relatively small and stable order within the Ammonoidea with 43 named genera and about 1250 species, but with a long-ranging lineage of about 108 m.y. stretching from the Lower Carboniferous to the Triassic.
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The forewings are pale yellow, the veins and costal area deeper yellow and the costal edge black to beyond the middle. There is an antemedial pale fuscous point below the cell and a faint fuscous discoidal mark. The postmedial line is pale fuscous and there is a subterminal series of pale fuscous spots in the interspaces. The hindwings are pale yellow, the termen deeper yellow and the postmedial line pale fulvous, arising as a spot in the discal fold.
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The forewings are pale brown, the area below the cell from before the antemedial to beyond the postmedial line white, faintly tinged with brown. There is some dark brown at the base and there is a curved blackish antemedial line forming a minute spot at the costa. There is also a black discoidal bar and a postmedial blackish line, defined on the outer side by white, forming a minute black spot at the costa. The terminal line is blackish.
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Morphological terms regarding radiolarians have evolved to be more precise since the 19th-century descriptions. Terminology is inconsistent over time, as multiple terms are often used to describe a singular structure. Therefore, each morphological term used here will be accompanied by a description of the structure. The species Stylodictya gracilis has been described by Ogane and Suzuki and Ogane et al as a coin-shaped discoidal spumellarian (circular radiolarian, as opposed to the cone-shaped nasselarians).
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They reasoned that since the conulate Vendoconularia exhibited six-fold symmetry, the conularids — then regarded as a sister group to the scyphozoan cnidarians — must be nested within the trilobozoa, making the trilobozoan group part of the cnidarian phylum. Most trilobozoans were disk-shaped, typified by Tribrachidium. Through comparisons with the other discoidal trilobozoans, it appears the different "arm" patterns on each genus/species occurred due to growth arresting or progressing at different stages of developmental growth.
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Similar to mammals, fertilization of the avian ovum occurs in the oviduct. From there the blastodisc, a small cluster of cells in the animal pole of the egg, then undergoes discoidal meroblastic cleavage. The blastoderm develops into the epiblast and hypoblast and it is between these layers that the blastocoel will form. The shape and formation of the avian blastodisc differs from amphibian, fish, and echinoderm blastulas, but the overall spatial relationship of the blastocoel remains the same.
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Retrieved July 15, 2017. The wingspan is 37–41 mm. The forewings are pure white, dusted coarsely throughout with dark fuscous grey and with a continuous streak of the same colour along the costa, narrowed in the middle, confluent with a similar but narrower irregular streak along the upper edge of the cell. The veins above and beyond cell, as far as vein 2, are narrowly streaked with the same colour, as also is the discoidal vein.
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The forewings are orange yellow with slight subbasal brownish spots in the cell and above the inner margin. The costa is brownish to the excurved dark antemedial line, which is incurved and obsolescent at vein 1. There is a black discoidal lunule and a postmedial line formed of small fuscous spots in and on the interspaces, arising below the costa, incurved at vein 7, excurved to vein 2, then bent inwards. There is a series of dark striae just before the termen.
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The forewings are brown suffused with grey. The antemedial line is brown defined on each side by white arising at the subcostal nervure. There is a white spot in the end of the cell before the blackish discoidal bar. The postmedial line is dark defined on the outer side by a narrow white band to vein 5, then by small white spots incurved to vein 5, where it is slightly angled outwards, then very slightly waved, oblique to vein 3, then strongly incurved.
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Adults are golden yellow, the forewings with a rufous costal area. There is a subbasal point on the inner margin and an antemedial dark rufous line, angled below the cell, then incurved. There is a spot in the cell and a discoidal reniform spot, as well as a dentate postmedial line, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below the end of the cell. The terminal area is rufous from the apex to vein 5 and at the tornus.
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Euomphaloid shells are mostly discoidal and may be either orthostrophic (coils wrapped around an erect cone) or hyperstrophic (coils wrapped around an inverted cone); are widely umbilicate and commonly have a channel, presumed exhalent, within the angulation in the outer part of the upper whorl surface. The shell wall is relatively thick, with an external prismatic layer of calcite, which may be pigmented, and an internal layer of lamellar, but not nacreous, aragonite.(1960). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part I, Gastropoda.
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The forewings are pale stramineous (straw coloured), with the blackish discoidal spots. The upper portion of the discal line is represented by a straight transverse series of black dots running from the fourth black costal spot to the second median branch. The lower portion is only represented by a few black scales between the end of the cell and the inner margin and the subbasal line is very oblique and represented by four black dots. The marginal dots are small.
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There is also a terminal series of small greyish spots. The hindwings are grey-white, the terminal area fuscous brown, broadly at the costa, narrowing to a point at the tornus. There is a fuscous point in the middle of the cell and rather diffused discoidal spot. The postmedial line is rather diffused and fuscous, defined on the outer side by grey, minutely dentate, excurved below the costa and bent inwards at vein 2 to below the end of the cell.
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Biloclymenia is a genus in the ammonoid order Clymeniida which is characterized by a dorsal retrosiphonitic siphuncle with long adapically pointing septal necks. The shell of shell Biloclymenia is thickly discoidal, more or less involute, with a moderately wide umbilicus, lightly thickened sides and rounded venter. The shell is surface smooth, covered merely by growth lines which form two salients. The ventral lobe of the suture is wide and divided in two with a secondary lobe at the top of median saddle.
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Hoffmanniinae is an adrianitid ammonoid cephalopod subfamily established for the Middle Permian genus Hoffmannia. Hoffmannia, named by Gemmellaro in 1887, is a discoidal adrianitid with a large umbilicus, prominent growth lines, and sutures with about 20 lobes. Note that the genus Hoffmannia is included in the Adrianitinae in the older Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology volume on Ammonoidea and that it has been reassigned to the Hoffmanniinae, named by Spath in 1934, revived in the new Treatise volume on Carboniferous and Permian Ammonoidea.
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The Medlicottioidea is one of two superfamilies that make up the Prolecanitida, the other being the Prolecanitoidea. The Medlicottioidea are recognized by their discoidal to thinly lenticular, and involute shells with small umbilici; flat, often grooved venters, and variably complex sutures. Medlicottiacean shells are often more ornamented and may sport ventrolateral nodes or ribs. The Medlicottioidea combines two related families, the ancestral Pronoritidae, descended from the Prolecanitidae in the Upper Mississippian and the derived Medlicottiidae which first appeared in the Lower Pennsylvanian.
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Lecanites is a ceratitid genus assigned to the Danubitaceae, with an essentially smooth, evolote, discoidal shell and a goniatitic suture with many elements. It is the type and now only genus of the Lecanitidae. Previously, according to the Treatise Part L, Lecanites and Badiotites were included together in the Lecanitidae which then was part of the Clydonitaceae. Since then (Tozer 1981) Badiotites was reassigned to the new family Badiotitidae which is included in the Ceratitaceae and Lecanites and Lecanitidae put to the Danubitaceae.
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Ounjougou: a long Middle Stone Age sequence in the Dogon country (Mali). In: Allsworth-Jones Ph (ed), West African Archaeology. New developments, new perspectives, Oxford : BAR International Series 2164, 1-14.). The industries between 100,000 and 20,000 BP are extremely diverse. The appearance of blade production around 65,000 BP, followed by discoidal reduction around 60,000 BP, the appearance of foliate bifacial pieces around 50,000 BP and the disappearance of Levallois technique around 30,000 BP are the most notable events during the sequence.
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The forewings are pale cupreous brown, the costal and terminal areas purplish red brown with a cupreous gloss. There is an indistinct oblique brown antemedial line and a slight brown spot in the middle of the cell, as well as a discoidal lunule with whitish striga in the centre. The postmedial line is brown and there is a fine whitish line at the base of the cilia. The hindwings are pale cupreous brown, the apical area and termen darker brown.
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The forewings are yellowish white and thinly scaled. The costal area is more ochreous and the costal edge is fuscous. There is a slight brownish antemedial spot in the cell and a faint excurvcd line from the cell to the inner margin, as well as a small brownish spot in the middle of the cell and a slight discoidal bar. The postmedial line is waved and pale brownish and there is a minutely waved brownish subterminal line and a brownish terminal line.
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Milionia meeki is a species of moth in the family Geometridae first described by Karl Jordan and Walter Rothschild in 1895. It is found on Fergusson Island in Papua New Guinea. Adults differ from Milionia rawakensis, especially in the band of the forewings standing farther towards the outer margin, in the marginal black spots to the hindwings being confluent with one another, and in the yellow area of the hindwings entering the discoidal cell. The marginal fringe of the hindwings is all black.
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The Cymatoceratidae which are the most common of the Cretaceous nautiloids are strongly ribbed. The Hercoglossidae are smooth but with differentiated sutures, in some with deep lateral lobes and well- developed saddles. The Aturiidae (Aturia) is similar to the Hercoglossidae except for being more discoidal and having a more complex suture and subdorsal siphuncle. The Nautilidae gave rise to the Cymatoceratidae and Hercoglossidae during the Jurassic while the Herocoglossidae became ancestral to the Aturiidae near the beginning of the Cenozoic.
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Rhaphycasma is characterized by a discoidal shell with a rounded periphery, depressed spire, umbilical callus formed by the inward extension of the lower aperture lip, and a deep, narrow slit, that extends along the upper surface, near the upper suture. The unique features of the lower lip generate an umbilical callus and deep, long, exhalent slit on the upper side along with the generally smooth form. These shell characters set this genus, and family, apart from other gastropods in the same superfamily.
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The Xenodiscidae are the earliest of the Ceratitida and comprise Middle and Upper Permian genera characterized by compressed, discoidal, evolute shells with rounded to acute venters and commonly with lateral ribs. Sutures are goniatitic to weakly ceratitic.Arkell et al, 1957 The Xenodiscidae, which are part of the superfamily Xenodiscaceae, are derived from the Daraelitidae, a family in the Prolecanitida (ibid). In turn, the Xenodiscidae provided the root stock for the subsequent expansion and diversification of the Ceratitida in the Triassic.
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The town is attractive, with traditional Labourd houses and a castle. The protected sixteenth-century church, Saint-Etienne, has a Baroque altarpiece, and its graveyard has many traditional Basque discoidal tombstones. There is also the grave of local woman Agnès Souret, the first woman ever chosen as Miss France, in 1920. She died in Argentina aged 26 in 1928, and her body was repatriated to Espelette by her mother, who sold most of her possessions to provide a resting place for her daughter.
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The forewings are pale rufous with a black antemedial line which is obsolescent at the costa, oblique and sinuous to the submedian fold, incurved at vein 1 and oblique to the inner margin. There is a small black spot in the upper part of the middle of the cell and an elliptical discoidal spot. The postmedial line is black, crenulate (scalloped) to below vein 3, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and excurved below the submedian fold. The terminal area is darker reddish brown.
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The forewings are white tinged with sulphur-yellow, the base and costal area pale rufous. The antemedial line is dark tinged with yellow, oblique to just below the cell, then erect. There is a dark annulus in the middle of the cell and a discoidal bar tinged with yellow and filled in with white. The postmedial line is dark tinged with yellow, excurved and waved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and angled outwards below the submedian fold.
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There is a diffused incurved red-brown subbasal line and the antemedial line is red-brown, oblique to the median nervure. There is a red-brown spot in the middle of the cell and a discoidal bar. The median nervure towards the extremity and a patch beyond the lower angle of the cell are red-brown, as is the postmedial line. This line is excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to the lower angle of the cell and excurved to the inner margin.
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The discoidal area is dusky and there is a black-edged white rhomboidal spot at the end of the cell, as well as a grey discal line, arched beyond the cell and with a zigzag course from the first median branch to the inner margin. The hindwings are pale creamy ochreous, speckled at the apex and on the basal area with grey scales. Two black spots are placed obliquely at the end of the cell and there is a marginal series of black dots.
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"Axial" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical bodythe leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads are rarely aligned along radii of the body's circle, so the term is conventional. The leads (until bent) are usually in planes parallel to that of the flat body of the capacitor, and extend in the same direction; they are often parallel as manufactured. Small, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed from the 1930s onward, and remain in widespread use.
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The following description is from Bingham (1907) and represents only the forms described under Euploea climena simulatrix. Male and female: Shape of wings more or less as in E. modesta, dorsum straighter near tornus in male. Upperside dark brown, the margins broadly paler; Female altogether paler than the male; forewing and hindwing in male uniform unspotted, in female with a small pinkish-white costal spot. Underside: ground colour similar; forewing: a spot at apex of discoidal cell, a small costal spot, and three discal spots bluish white.
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The forewings are rufous with a fine antemedial line which is very oblique from the costa to the median nervure, then very sinuous. There is an elliptical darker rufous spot in the middle of the cell and a discoidal spot. There is also a minutely dentate postmedial line, curved from the costa to vein 3 and then oblique, as well as a terminal band with a dentate inner edge. The hindwings are whitish, suffused with pale brown, especially on the inner and terminal areas.
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The forewings are pale grey brown, thickly irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous, the costal and terminal areas rather darker. There are traces of a waved subbasal line and an indistinct, oblique, waved antemedial line, as well as a small fuscous ocellus in the middle of the cell and a reniform discoidal spot. The postmedial line is slightly angled inwards at the discal fold, at vein 2 retracted to the lower angle of the cell, then excurved again. There is a terminal series of fuscous points.
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In cockroaches Blaberus discoidalis and Blattella germanica, the organ has the shape of a fan that is placed across the limb. Much of its volume is filled with discoidal cells that serve accessory purposes; they are placed between an epidermal cell layer attached to the cuticle and connective tissue. Sensory structures called chordotonal sensilla are involved in the perception of movement proper and contain a neuron per sensillum, about 40-50 in total. This neuron has a single dendrite and several cilia extend from it.
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The Tropitidae is a family of Upper Triassic Ammonoidea belonging to the Tropitaceae, a superfamily of the Ceratitida Tropitidae have subspherical to discoidal, involute to evolute shells with long body chambers and a ventral keel bordered by furrows. The surface may have ribs, nodes, or spines, or may be smooth. The suture is generally ammonitic, but may be ceratitic to goniatitic. The derivation of the Tropitidae is uncertain but they seem to form a group along with the Tropiceltitidae and Haloritidae within the superfamily.
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Expanse: inches (6.5 cm). Male. Upperside. Both wings jet black. Anterior wings with three oval pale biscuit-coloured spots, one towards the apex, above the upper discoidal nervule, and two others on either side of the middle median nervule adjacent to the median nervure. Posterior wings with a large biscuit-coloured spot extending over the outer two-thirds of the cell, two small similarly coloured spots above, and two others below the cell, the spot nearest the inner margin four times the size of the others.
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Discoidal fossils had been classified as cnidarian medusae before being redefined as holdfasts of frondose organisms, that is, the roots or stalks that held them to the sea bed. Rangeomorphs consist of branching "frond" elements, each a few centimeters long, each of which is itself composed of many smaller branching tubes held up by a semi-rigid organic skeleton. This self-similar structure proceeds over four levels of fractality, and could have been formed using fairly simple developmental patterns. Rangeomorphs were radially symmetrical and likely sessile.
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The antemedial line is represented by black or fuscous spots and there is a black spot below the discal cell near the base. The orbicular stigma and discoidal stigma are black and there is a series of short black streaks along the vein. The postmedial line is represented by a series of black or fuscous spots and there are some indistinct fuscous streaks in the terminal interspaces. The hindwings are yellowish-white and the subterminal line consists of a series of small fuscous points.
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The shell is always planispirally coiled, unlike those of Mesozoic ammonites in which some are trochoidal and even aberrant (called heteromorphs). Goniatitid shells vary in form from thinly discoidal to broadly globular and may be smooth or distinctly ornamented. Their shape suggests many were poor swimmers. The thin walls between the internal chambers of the shell are called the septa, and as the goniatite grew it would move its body forward in the shell secreting septa behind it, thereby adding new chambers to the shell.
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Masonoceras is a genus of Karagondoceratids from Lower Mississippian strata, the shell of which is thinly subdiscoidal to discoidal with an acute ventral margin in late ontogeny. Whorls are strongly embracing, umbilicus narrow to occluded. The mature external suture contains a wide trifid ventral lobe, the flanking prongs longer that the medial, an asymmetrically rounded lateral saddle and a deeper asymmetric pointed lateral lobe. Internal molds of the type, Mesoceras Kentuckiense show presence of a broad hyponomic sinus flanked by high rounded vantrolateral salients.
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The largest species Turanophlebia sinica reached a wingspan of about , while the smallest species Tarsophlebia minor reached only a wingspan of about . Tarsophlebia minor, Upper Jurassic, Solnhofen Plattenkalk, hindwing of holotype, scale 10 mm The wing venation is characterized by the following features: wings hyaline, slender, and not stalked; discoidal cell basally open in both pairs of wings, so that the arculus is incomplete; forewing discoidal cell very acute; large and acute subdiscoidal cell in hindwing; primary antenodal braces Ax1 and Ax2 stronger than the secondary antenodal crossveins; nodus in distal position at 44-47% of wing length; nodus with terminal kink of CP and a strong nodal furrow; pterostigma elongate (covering several cells) and with oblique brace vein; one lestine oblique vein 'O' present between RP2 and IR2; in all wings there are pairs of secondary longitudinal concave intercalary veins anterior and posterior of the convex veins CuA, MA, and IR2, and closely parallel to them (the postero-intercalaries are always longer than the associated antero-intercalaries); hindwings without vein CuAb; crossvein-like remnant of vein CuP is curved and rather looks like a branch of AA.
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The forewings are white tinged with ochreous yellow and faintly irrorated with grey, the costa is pure white, except at the base which is fulvous. There is a faint oblique grey antemedial line and a slight white discoidal striga. The postmedial line is indistinct, grey, oblique from vein 8 to the discal fold, bent outwards from vein 5 to below 3, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and oblique and sinuous to the inner margin. The hindwings are white, faintly tinged with ochreous and irrorated with grey.
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The forewings are black-brown with a cupreous gloss. There is a curved slightly sinuous white antemedial line and two white points on the middle of the costa and three small annuli on the postmedial part of the costa. There is also a black discoidal bar defined on the outer side by white, as well as a white, sinuous subterminal line arising from the third annulus with two minute white points beyond it on the costa. The hindwings are white, suffused with fuscous except on the inner area.
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The forewings are whitish, tinged with brown and irrorated with black. The basal area is suffused with black-brown and the antemedial line is double and filled in with white. The medial part of the costa has three very oblique wedge-shaped white marks filled in with black and there is a slight discoidal black point, as well as a black double postmedial line, filled in with white. There is some black suffusion beyond it and there is a subterminal black line, as well as a fine terminal black line.
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Adults are pale grey-brown, the forewings with a faint pale point in the cell and a spot below it before the very indistinct antemedial line. There is a small pale spot in the end of the cell before the slight dark discoidal lunule with a pale centre. The postmedial line is indistinct, dark, slightly bent outwards between veins 5 and 3 and with two small dentate white marks before it, then retracted to below the end of the cell and erect to the inner margin. The costa is pale before and just beyond it.
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The forewings are orange-yellow, the costa tinged with fulvous. There is a broad terminal red-brown band and an indistinct curved brown antemedial line, as well as a small brown spot in the middle of the cell and larger discoidal spot. The postmedial line is brown, strong and obliquely incurved from the costa to the terminal band at vein 5, at vein 2 retracted to below the end of the cell and erect to the inner margin. The hindwings are orange-yellow with a broad brown terminal band.
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Holconautilus is a genus of nautiloids from the family Tainoceratidae and order Nautilida, named by Mojsisovics, 1902, and known from Upper Triassic sediments in Europe and E Indies (Timor). Its shell, evolute, discoidal, with simple coarse lateral ribbing; whorl section, subrectagular with a broadly arched venter. Holconautilus somewhat resembles the Permo-Triassic Pleuronautilus except its suture has ventral saddles instead of ventral lobes and lateral ribs are continuous. Anoploceras, from the same time and place as Holconautilus is also similar except for having a wider whorl section and a venter that is slightly concave.
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The forewings are white, the costal and terminal areas with a faint ochreous tinge. There is a curved yellow-brown antemedial line and a slight brown mark in the middle of the cell and a discoidal bar. The postmedial line is yellow brown, rather oblique to vein 5, then erect to below vein 3, then retracted to the lower angle of the cell and rather oblique to the inner margin. There is a curved rather indistinct and diffused yellow-brown subterminal line, somewhat dentate between two of the veins.
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The forewings have a yellowish-white basal area, followed by an oblique antemedial rufous band extending along the costa to the base. There is also an oblique medial yellowish band and the terminal half is rufous with a wedge-shaped yellowish postmedial patch on the costa extending down to vein 1. There is also an opalescent-whitish discoidal lunule and two subterminal lines with orange between and beyond them. The hindwings are yellowish white, with a brown and orange subterminal band between veins 5 and 2 with opalescent colours before and beyond it.
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There is a silvery white antemedial band from the cell to the inner margin connected with a silvery-white patch in the end of the cell with a black discoidal bar on its outer edge. There is also a silvery-white postmedial band, excurved and defined on the outer side by brown to vein 2, then incurved. The subterminal band is silvery white, defined on each side by black from the costa to vein 1, its extremities on the costa and above vein 1 expanding into spots, excurved between those points.
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Adrianitidae is a family in the Adrianitaceae, a superfamily of ammonites in the cephalopod order, Goniatitida, known from the Middle Pennsylvanian to the Middle Permian. Members of the Adrianitidae, named by Schindewolf in 1931, and of the Adrianitaceae, have shells (conchs) that are discoidal to globular with umbilici that vary in form, and sutures with 10 to 30, more or less equal, lobes. The Adrianitinae which come from the Lower and Middle Permian have sutures that form 14 to 30 lobes. Genera included Adrianites, Hoffmannia, Doryceras, Crimites, and Texoceras.
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Stenopopanoceras is a genus of involute, discoidal ceratitid ammonites from the Middle Triassic that has been found on Spitsbergen and in arctic Russia and British Columbia. The name, Stenopopanoceras, indicates that its shell as compressed, relatively thin; involute as for the family. The siphuncle is ventral throughout, unlike Parapopanoceras where in the siphuncle starts off more centrally located and migrates within the first few whorls to become ventral. Septal necks start off retrochoanitic, pointing to the rear, but by the beginning of the third whorl are prochoanitic, forward pointing.
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Pyrrhopyge is a Neotropical genus of firetips in the family Hesperiidae. Pyrrhopyge in Adalbert Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World This genus comprises very numerous, partly extremely similar species which are difficult to separate and perhaps neither are separable as distinct species. Nearly all are large, strong animals with black body and wings, often with a bronze-green or deep blue lustre, often spotted red on the head and abdomen. On the broad, mostly pointed forewings the discoidal runs very obliquely, the upper median vein rising somewhat behind the middle of the cell.
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This type of meroblastic cleavage is called discoidal because only the blastodisc becomes the embryo. In fish, waves of calcium released direct the process of cell division by coordinating the mitotic apparatus with the actin cytoskeleton, propagating cell division along the surface, assists in deepening the cleavage furrow, and finally heals the membrane after separation of blastomeres. The fate of the first cells, called blastomeres, is determined by its location. This contrasts with the situation in some other animals, such as mammals, in which each blastomere can develop into any part of the organism.
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The forewings are fulvous yellow, the disk paler yellow and the costal area suffused with brown to the postmedial line and the costal edge is white, except towards the base. The antemedial line is brown and there is a minute black spot in the middle of the cell and discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is brown, blackish towards the costa and there are small black spots just before the termen from the apex to above vein 3. The hindwings are pale yellow, the tenrmen with a slight fulvous tinge except towards the tornus.
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The forewings are semi-hyaline yellow, the costal area suffused with brown on the basal half. There is an oblique brown line near the base, followed by a band. There is also a fine antemedial line, quadrate conjoined medial spots in and below the cell defined at the sides by brown, as well as a quadrate brown discoidal spot with some yellow in the centre. The postmedial line is brown, slightly waved and excurved between veins 6 and 2, then retracted to the lower angle of cell and oblique and waved to the inner margin.
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Cornuspiracea comprise a superfamily of miliolid forams (Loeblich & Tappan, 1988) in which the test may be free or attached, planispiral or trochospiral, evolute or involute, spreading or discoidal. The proloculus, or initial chamber, is followed by undivided spiral passage or enrolled tubular chamber, later may be irregularly coiled, unicoiled, or show zigzag growth pattern and may be distinctly chambered. The test wall is composed of imperforate porcelaneous calcite, a character of the Miliolida Families and genera in the Cornuspiracea were removed from the Miliolacea where they appear in the Treatise Part C (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).
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Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post Triassic ammonites. Ceratitids overwhelmingly produced planospirally coiled discoidal shells that may be evolute with inner whorls exposed or involute with only the outer whorl showing. In a few later forms the shell became subglobular, in others, trochoidal or uncoiled. Sutures are typically ceratitic, with smooth saddles and serrate or digitized lobes.
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The wingspan is about 22 mm. The forewings are clay coloured, with a shining pinky gloss, and the fringe incurved so as to look grey in certain lights. There is a spot in the cell, a second at the end of the cell, and a waved discal series of about six, all black. There are three brown ill-defined costal spots, the two first emitting an oblique streak to just in front of the two black discoidal spots and the third much larger, close to the apex, emitting no streak.
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Doulingoceras is a genus of ammonoid within the ceratitid order, found in China, that lived during the Late Permian during the time span from about 260.5 to 254 million years ago. The genus is included in the family Paraceltitidae, which belongs to the superfamily Xenodiscaceae. Doulingoceras produced a narrowly discoidal evolute shell with concave sides, a narrowly rounded rim (venter) that bears several longitudinal lirae, and transverse rigs that have nodes at the umbilical and ventrolateral shoulders that form spiral belts. The suture is identical to that of Paraceltites in which the lobes are unserrated.
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The Medlicottiinae is a subfamily of the Medlicottiidae, a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the Prolecanitida, characterized by having discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with a retuse (grooved) venter and sutures with bifid auxiliary lobes. The Medlicottiinae classically included, by general consensus,Medlicottiinae -Paleobio the following five genera: Artinskia, Eumedlicottia, Medlicottia, Neogeoceras, and Syrdenites. Of these only Artinskia and Medlicottia, included in the Medlicottinae in the Treatise (Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957) remain in Medlicottinae at present. Episageceras, Propinacoceras, and Sicanites, then included, have become type genera respectively for the Episageceratinae, Propinacoceratinae, and Sicanitinae.
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It indicates it is a soft-bodied animal having an appearance of a smooth discoidal structure connected by a relatively short stem to a quadrate body comprising numerous and regularly aligned linear fibres. The fibres, which are similar in pattern to parallelly arranged muscle fibres, extend laterally across the body, linking adjacent corners. The fibres extend beyond each corner to form an elongate branch, which is divided into smaller dichotomous branches. Smaller branches also arise from the lateral margins of the quadrate body, and also form dichotomously branched fibres.
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The forewings are coffee brown, shining, with a feeble lilac gloss and with the costal margin dull red. The external border is dusky and the fringe is traversed by two black stripes and tipped with pink, which gives place to snow white at the external angle. The discoidal spots are indicated in dark brown and there is a slightly curved transverse discal series of white-dotted dark brown dashes. The hindwings are shining grey with the costa and fringe whitish, the latter traversed by two indistinct grey stripes.
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The forewings are grey brown with a slight dark antemedial mark on the costa and an oblique whitish line defined on the outer side by fuscous from the cell to the inner margin. There is a small whitish spot at the middle of the cell and a curved discoidal striga, both defined by fuscous. The postmedial line is represented by a small fuscous spot at the costa with two small whitish spots below it, then by a series of small fuscous spots with whitish points on their outer side. There is a terminal series of minute blackish points.
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The inner edge of the red-brown terminal area is waved, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then expanding into a patch confluent with the postmedial line. The hindwings are yellowish white with an oblique brown discoidal bar. The veins beyond the lower angle of the cell are streaked with brown and the postmedial line is rather diffused red-brown, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and ending above the inner margin. The terminal area is red-brown, its inner edge waved and excurved between veins 5 and 2.
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The forewings are ochreous largely suffused with red-brown and fuscous, and with scattered patches of silvery-blue scales. The base and the costal area to the antemedial line are blackish and the antemedial line is ochreous, defined on each side by blackish and with silvery-blue scales on its outer edges. There are two minute semicircular marks defined by black on the medial part of the costa and there is a diffused blackish discoidal annulus. The postmedial line is ochreous defined on each side by blackish and with silvery-blue scales on its inner edge.
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Adults are yellow, the forewings with a curved, somewhat waved and diffused antemedial line from the subcostal nervure to the inner margin. There is a dark point in the middle of the cell and a discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is strongly and rather irregularly dentate, oblique, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2 and with a diffused dentate band across its sinus. The hindwings have an oblique diffused somewhat dentate band from the costa beyond the middle to the tornus, towards which it narrows and with a dentate line beyond it between veins 5 and 2.
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The forewings are ochreous white, with somewhat oblique blackish subbasal and antemedial bands, the latter confluent with a spot on its outer side below the cell. There are somewhat quadrate blackish spots in the end of the cell and on the discocellulars, confluent on the median nervure, and a band from the lower angle of the cell to the inner margin. The terminal area is broadly blackish with a cupreous gloss and an ochreous-white postmedial bar on it from the costa to vein 6. The hindwings are ochreous white with a faint diffused dark subbasal band and a blackish discoidal spot.
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The forewings are ochreous tinged with brown, the costal and terminal areas rather darker. There are two dark antemedial points in the cell and one below the cell with an oblique line from it to the inner margin. There is a small yellowish discoidal lunule defined by fuscous and the postmedial line is dark, minutely dentate and oblique from the costa to vein 2, then retracted to below the angle of the cell and oblique to the inner margin with a dark point at the submedian fold. The hindwings are pale ochreous, the apical area tinged with fuscous.
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The forewings are grey, suffused with brown. The antemedial line is blackish and waved and there is an oblique blackish striga from the middle of the costa, as well as a small black discoidal spot placed on the postmedial line, which is blackish defined on outer side by white. There is an indistinct whitish subterminal line defined on the inner side by brown and a terminal series of black points defined on the inner side by white. The hindwings are grey suffused with brown and with a blackish antemedial line from the cell to the inner margin.
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Mississippian ceramics took many forms, from earplugs, beads, smoking pipes, discs,Sturtevant and Fogelson, 556 to cooking pots, serving dishes, bottles or ollas for liquids, figurative sculpture, and uniquely Mississippian forms such as head pots or hooded vessels. Funeral urns were either crafted specifically to hold human remains or were large utilitarian jars fitted with elaborately decorated lids. The most ubiquitous form of Mississippian pottery is the "standard Mississippi jar," or a globular jar with a recurved rim and subtle should.Sturtevant and Fogelson, 540 In the Pensacola culture of Florida, broken potsherds were rounded off and reused as discoidal game pieces.
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The forewings are ochreous, irrorated with a few blackish scales and with an indistinct sinuous dark antemedial line. There is a faint brown annulus in the middle of the cell and a prominent black discoidal lunule with a slight brown striga in the centre. There is a black point above it on the costa. The postmedial line has a black spot at the costa and there is a series of black points on it, incurved and with small black spot at the discal fold, below vein 4 bent inwards to below the end of the cell, then again excurved.
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Adults are yellow, the forewings with slight rufous marks at the base and an antemedial line oblique from the costa to below the median nervure, where it is angled, then angled inwards on vein 1. There is a speck in the cell and a discoidal lunule. The postmedial line is broad and irregular, nearly straight from the costa to vein 2, then bent inwards to below the angle of the cell, and with patches between it and the lower angle of the cell. The termen is rather broadly rufous, diffused inward to the postmedial line in the middle.
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Adults are fuscous, the forewings with whitish veins and a dark sinuous antemedial line defined by whitish on the inner edge and interrupted by the veins. There is a pale streak beyond it below the cell, as well as a pale streak in the cell and a speck in the end of the cell. There is also a discoidal lunule and a dark postmedial line, defined by whitish on the outer side and interrupted by the veins. It is excurved below the costa, then nearly straight to vein 2, where it is retracted to below the end of the cell.
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The forewings are yellow with a subbasal rufous line curving round at the costa and joining the antemedial line which is excurvcd to the submedian fold, then incurved. There is a point in the middle of the cell and a discoidal bar. The postmedial line is rufous, rather diffused and almost straight from the costa to vein 2, then retracted to the origin of vein 2, and angled inwards on vein 1 almost to the antemedial line, which it also almost meets at the inner margin. The terminal area is rufous with a yellow spot beyond the postmedial line at the costa.
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Prolobitidae is a family of middle and upper Devonian ammonoid cephalopods currently included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina and superfamily Dimeroceratoidea, but previously included in the ancestral Anarcestida. Prolobitids are characterized by goniatic sutures with an undivided ventral lobe and primary lateral lobes that are introduced in the umbilical region. They have shells which are discoidal to subglobular, some bearing transverse ribs and the umbilicus is generally moderate to closed. Prolobitidae is divided into two subfamilies, Prolobitinae consisting of subglobular to subdiscoidal shells with moderate to closed umbilici, and Raymondoceratinae consisting of discodal shells with transverse ribs and large umbilici.
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The under surface of the secondary wings is black, having a transverse curved band of five rather small pink spots, with the third and fourth larger than the others. Female. Plate X figure 6.—The primary wings brownish black, with the summits clearer, and the outer margin ornamented with minute white spots; an oblique band of four unequal white spots, which are situated between the second discoidal nervule and the submedian nervure; viz. one above the first median nervule and the one below the third median nervule are very small, while the two others in between these are large and subquadrate.
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The "giant ramshorn snail" (Marisa cornuarietis) although not always recognized as an apple snail due to its discoidal shape, is also a popular aquatic pet. Occasionally, the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) is found in the aquarium trade and these are often collected in the wild from ditches and ponds in Florida. The giant Pomacea maculata is rarely used as an aquarium species. Apple snails are often sold under the name "golden (ivory, blue, black...) mystery snail" and they are given incorrect names like Ampullarius for the genus instead of Pomacea and wrong species names like gigas instead of maculata.
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The forewings are black brown, suffused with greyish and tinged with yellowish in places. There is an antemedial white spot on the costa with a slight oblique sinuous whitish line from it to the inner margin and a slight white discoidal lunule defined by black. There is also a postmedial white spot on the costa with an excurved line from it to vein 4, then almost obsolete and retracted to a white patch on the inner area below the end of the cell. There is also a white subapical point and a slight subterminal line between veins 7 and 4.
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Its forewings are yellow, with a pink costal area towards beyond the middle. There is a subbasal (situated near or below a base or basal part) pink spot below the cell and an antemedial spot in the cell and another further from the base below the cell, as well as a round spot in the cell towards the extremity and two small discoidal spots. The inner margin is pink from the middle to the tornus and there is a postmedial series of pink spots, as well as a subterminal series of small spots. Its hindwings are pale yellow.
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The forewings are black-brown with a cupreous gloss and with two slight yellowish- white streaks below the base of the costa, as well as an oblique yellowish- white antemedial band from the cell to the inner margin. There is a wedge- shaped yellowish-white spot in the end of the cell, a yellowish-white discoidal bar and three yellowish-white spots between the lower angle of the cell and the inner margin. There are yellowish-white streaks beyond the upper angle of the cell above and below vein 7. The postmedial line is yellowish white.
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There is a red-brown streak below the basal half of costa and a diffused red-brown subbasal line from the cell to the inner margin, as well as a red-brown spot in the cell towards its extremity with an elliptical red-brown spot below it in the submedian interspace. There is also a quadrate discoidal patch with yellowish striga in the centre and a strong, waved red-brown postmedial line. The subterminal line is red-brown, joined above the inner margin by an oblique bar from the angle of the postmedial line at vein 2. The terminal line is red-brown.
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Variously known as cupstones, "anvil stones", "pitted cobbles" and "nutting stones", among other names, these roughly discoidal or amorphous groundstone artifacts are among the most common lithic remains of Native American culture, especially in the Midwest, in Early Archaic contexts. The hemispherical indentation itself is an important element of paleoart, known as a "cupule". Cup and ring marks are also common in the Fertile Crescent, and India, then later in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Alpine regions of Europe, sometimes associated with complex petroglyphs or megalithic monuments.Gansser A. Cupstones, Prehistoric Cult Objects Verlag Dr. C. Müller-Straten, München (1999). p. 18ff. .
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It is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 12–20 m. The leaves are alternate, 10–30 cm long, pinnate, with three to 11 leaflets, each leaflet 5–15 cm wide and 3–10 cm broad, with an entire margin. The flowers are small, 2.5–5 mm, apetalous, discoidal, and borne in erect terminal panicles 15–30 cm wide. Rambutan trees can be male (producing only staminate flowers and, hence, produce no fruit), female (producing flowers that are only functionally female), or hermaphroditic (producing flowers that are female with a small percentage of male flowers).
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Persimedusites chahgazensis is a Precambrian discoidal species which are believed to have existed primarily during the late Ediacaran period. It was discovered initially in the Kushk Series in the Bafq and Behabad regions of central Iran, along with similarly aged specimen of Cloudina and Corumbella. The body fossils of these disc-shaped organisms are approximately one centimeter in diameter, and were noted to have symmetrical internal lobes, as well as secondary distal branches. These preserved branching structures have a noted resemblance to tentacles, and have been observed to be similar to the oral view of Eolympia pediculata.
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The forewings are cupreous brown with traces of an oblique sinuous antemedial line and with a small white spot beyond it below the costa. There is an indistinct dark discoidal lunule with a small white spot in the centre and the terminal third of the costa has four short white streaks alternating with short black streaks. There is also an indistinct postmedial line excurved from the costa to vein 4, then incurved, as well as some slight black points on the apical half of the costa. The hindwings are pale cupreous brown, with traces of a curved postmedial line and a fine terminal line.
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The forewings are whitish, tinged and irrorated (sprinkled) with brown. The costal area is browner and there are small antemedial black spots on the subcostal and median nervures, vein 1 and above the inner margin, as well as a black point in the cell towards the extremity and discoidal bar. The postmedial line is black, dentate to vein 4, then with an oblique bar to vein 2, then retracted to below the end of the cell and excurved at the submedian fold and slightly above the inner margin. There is also a curved series of blackish points just before the termen and a terminal series.
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The forewings are ochreous, irrorated with dark brown and suffused with purplish fuscous except on the costal area and the inner margin. The apical area is ochreous, with a dark streak below vein 8 and the antemedial line is blackish, angled outwards below the costa and bent outwards to the inner margin. There is a black annulus in the middle of the cell and a narrow elliptical discoidal annulus defined by black. The postmedial line is blackish, slightly defined on the outer side by ochreous, obliquely downcurved to vein 6, excurved and slightly waved to vein 2, then bent inwards to below the end of the cell and again excurved.
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A. longaeva was one of five Formicidae species which Scudder described in the paper. Placement of the species into Aphaenogaster was based on the very similar vein structure and shape of the discoidal cell between A. longaeva and "Aphaenogaster" berendti, described from Baltic amber. However the latter species was subsequently moved to the genus Stenamma as Stenamma berendti. Due to the incomplete nature of the type specimens used in Scudder's descriptions, four of the five species from Quesnel were considered to be of uncertain genus by Frank M. Carpenter in his review of North American ant fossils, with A. longaeva listed as "(Myrmicinae) longaeva".
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There is a medial orange-yellow line expanding outwards on the costal area, with a white discoidal lunule on it and some fuscous on its lower edge. There is also an orange-yellow band edged by a fuscous line curved round from the costa before the apex to the lower angle of the cell and emitting a streak on the costa. There is also a terminal orange band with a fine fuscous line on its inner side, and suddenly bent outwards to the cilia just before the apex, where there is a black point. The hindwings are white with a fuscous medial band with some orange on its inner edge.
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These proteins are called membrane scaffolding proteins (MSP) and align in double belt formation. Nanodiscs are structurally very similar to discoidal high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and the MSPs are modified versions of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), the main constituent in HDL. Nanodiscs are useful in the study of membrane proteins because they can solubilise and stabilise membrane proteins and represent a more native environment than liposomes, detergent micelles, bicelles and amphipols. The art of making nanodiscs has progressed past using only the MSPs and lipids to make particles, leading to alternative strategies like peptide nanodiscs that use simpler proteins and synthetic nanodiscs that do not need any proteins for stabilization.
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Males and females upperside black; markings orange yellow. Forewing: discoidal streak very broad and long, descending a little below vein 4; a short broad band sloping obliquely outwards from middle of dorsum to beyond vein 3, another short broad and somewhat clavate (club-shaped) band sloping obliquely outwards from apical third of costa to below vein 5; beyond these, a subterminal slender line. Hindwing: a subbasal, transverse, very broad, somewhat paler yellow band; a postdiscal slightly narrower transverse band, not quite reaching the costa, anteriorly attenuate, curved slightly inwards; a very faint and ill-defined pale subterminal line. Underside dusky brownish black, the markings as on the upperside but much blurred.
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The male has the upperside of wings dusky brownish black. The ground colour of the forewings darker, almost pure black in fresh specimens, on the apical third of the wing; a short streak in the middle of interspace 1, a more outwardly produced similar streak in interspace 2, basal halves of interspaces 3 and 4, the lower apex of the discoidal cell and the extreme base of interspace 5, white, all forming a median conspicuous irregular white patch on the wing, narrowly traversed by the veins which are greyish brown. Hindwing: more uniform, slightly darker on its anterior half. Underside: light brown with an ochraceous tint.
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Aturia is an extinct genus of Paleocene to Miocene nautilids within Aturiidae, a monotypic family, established by Campman in 1857 for Aturia Bronn, 1838, and is included in the superfamily Nautilaceae in Kümmel 1964. Aturia is characterized by a smooth, highly involute, discoidal shell with a complex suture and subdorsal siphuncle. The shell of Aturia is rounded ventrally and flattened laterally; the dorsum is deeply inpressed. The suture, one of the most complex in the Nautiloidea, has a broad flattened ventral saddle, narrow pointed lateral lobes, broad rounded lateral saddles, broad lobes on the dorso-umbilical slopes, and a broad dorsal saddle divided by a deep, narrow median lobe.
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The male moth is dull reddish brown; its antennae are whitish; the palpi and frons are darker brown; abdomen with very faint crimson tinge, dorsal and lateral series of obscure black spots. Forewing with antemedial series of indistinct small dark spots, very oblique from costa to median nervure, then inwardly oblique; small indistinct spots at angles of cell and a series from lower angle to inner margin; traces of a subterminal series of dark points placed in pairs on each side of the veins; some slight points on termen. Hindwing with a very faint crimson tinge; an indistinct diffused dark discoidal patch and maculate subterminal band. Its wingspan 36 mm.
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Head and thorax orange yellow; palpi crimson, black at tips; sides of frons and antennae black; pectus black in front and with some crimson below the wings; fore coxae and the femora above crimson, the tibiae and tarsi black; abdomen crimson, the ventral surface ochreous, dorsal, lateral, and sublateral series of small black spots except at base and extremity. Forewing orange yellow; small antemedial black spots below median nervure and above vein 1; an incurved postmedial series of small black spots from vein 3 to inner margin. Hindwing crimson; a black discoidal point; small subterminal black spots above and below veins 5, 2. and 1; cilia yellow.
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The forewings are cream colour, with chocolate-fuscous longitudinal bifurcating bands, the first along the costa, the second from the centre of the base of the wing, bifurcating at one-sixth, the inner branch to the anal angle of the hindmargin, the other toward the costa. This again bifurcates beyond the middle of the wing, the one branch to the costa before and along the apex, the other to the hindmargin before the middle. The third has the form of a border band from near the base along the inner margin, thinning out to the anal angle. There is a discoidal spot at two-thirds, touching the band to the hindmargin.
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The forewings are glossy grey brown with a small pure white discoidal lunule and a white postmedial bar from vein 8 to the discal fold, formed by three conjoined spots, then an indistinct dark line slightly defined on the outer side by whitish, excurved to below vein 3, then retracted to the lower angle of the cell, and excurved above the inner margin. The hindwings are glossy grey brown with a small white postmedial spot at the discal fold, then an indistinct dark postmedial line, faintly defined on the outer side by whitish, slightly bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then bent inwards to below the end of the cell and somewhat excurved to the inner margin.
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The forewings are fuscous brown with a slight cupreous gloss with traces of a whitish antemedial line from the cell to the inner margin with a more or less distinct spot beyond it in the cell. There is a quadrate white spot in the end of the cell and a postmedial line forming an elliptical white spot. The hindwings are fuscous brown with a cupreous gloss with a faint dark discoidal lunule and a postmedial line with a small white spot below the costa, then a slight, whitish and bent outwards between veins 6 and 2, then bent inwards to below the end of the cell and more distinct and oblique to above the tornus.The moths of India.
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The costa of the forewings is fuscous towards the base and there is a prominent black discoidal spot, as well as an orange postmedial line, oblique from the costa to vein 2, where it is retracted, terminating below the middle of the cell. There is a curved subterminal band expanding towards the costa and developed into a spot on the inner margin, and with a black line on its outer edge. There is also a terminal band with a black line on its inner edge. The hindwings have a black point in the middle of the cell and prominent black spots on the discocellulars and below the middle of the cell, with an oblique orange band between them.
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Forewing: from base for a little more than two- thirds of its length and from the posterior half of the discoidal cell to the dorsum white, beautifully glossed with purplish blue at the upper outer corner of the area indicated above, which is pure white. Hindwing: glossed with blue over a broad central area from base to a broad brownish-black terminal border, on the inner margin of which and partially coalescing with it is a transverse series of large round jet-black spots, inwardly narrowly and obscurely margined with bluish white; this colour at the anterior spots carried as streaks inwards for a short distance. Underside: as in the male. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen also similar.
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Forewing with the discoidal streak long and undivided; beyond apex of cell an elongate narrow triangular spot: discal band long and narrow posteriorly and very oblique, extending in interspace 3 diffusely to the inner subterminal band; the three spots composing its anterior portion also very oblique; the inner subterminal band broad and distinct; outer subterminal band distinct only posteriorly. Hindwing with the usual subbasal. postdiscal and subterminal bands, the former two sullied white, the postdiscal very diffuse, the subterminal pale brown. Underside ochraceous brown, the sullied white markings as on the upperside, a series of dark ferruginous diffuse marks resembling stains from near apex of forewing to dorsal margin of hindwing; this last broadly bluish.
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Head and thorax rufous; palpi crimson at base, black at tips; lower part of frons black; antennae black; a crimson bar behind the eyes; fore coxae and the femora above crimson, the tibiae and tarsi black above; abdomen crimson, the ventral surface rufous, dorsal and lateral series of small black spots except at base and extremity. Forewing rufous; a small antemedial black spot above vein l; an oblique series of black points from below apex to inner margin beyond middle, almost obsolete from below vein 6 to above 2; slight subterminal black points between veins 5 and 3. Hindwing crimson; a minute discoidal black point; cilia pale at tips. Underside of forewing crimson.
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The forewings are greyish, the basal area strongly suffused with black, the rest of the wing with red-brown. The basal area is bounded by a slight pale somewhat incurved antemedial line, strongly defined by black on the outer side. There is a pale discoidal spot defined by brown, rounded above and acuminate below with a semi-circular black mark above it on the costa. The postmedial line is black, dilated into a spot on the costa, oblique to vein 6, then inwardly oblique and waved, at vein 3 retracted to below the angle of the cell, then again excurved and with some deep brown suffusion beyond it on the costal area and from the middle to the inner margin.
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The forewings are red-brown with a dark antemedial line oblique from the costa to the submedian fold, then sinuous. There is a small hyaline bar in the middle of the cell, defined by black. There is also a bifid hyaline discoidal spot defined by black, with a slight hyaline streak above the base of vein 7 and two hyaline points beyond the lower angle of the cell, the costal area above the end of the cell is yellowish to just beyond the postmedial line, which is black, forming the outer edge of the hyaline spots, at vein 2 retracted to below the end of the cell, then sinuous to the inner margin. There is a terminal series of black points.
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The forewings are dark brown with a slight olive tinge, the medial area is greyish except at the costa and there is some grey at the base of the inner margin. The antemedial line is black, slightly defined on the inner side by grey, excurved to the median nervure and incurved in the submedian interspace. There is a small black annulus in the middle of the cell and a larger discoidal annulus. The postmedial line is blackish defined on the outer side by grey, forming a rounded blackish patch below the costa, excurved and minutely dentate between veins 5 and 2, then bent inwards to below the end of the cell and forming a diffused spot in the submedian interspace.
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Both male and female have upperside black with orange markings. Forewing: discoidal streak broad, anteriorly twice indented, at apex extending into base of interspace 3; posterior discal spots coalescent, forming an irregular oblique short broad band; anterior spots also coalescent, oblique from costa; a postdiscal obscure grey incurved transverse line, and a very slender, also obscure, orange transverse subterminal line. Hindwing: a subbasal transverse broad band, and a much narrower postdiscal band curved inwards at the ends; beyond this the black terminal margin is traversed by a darker black subterminal line. Underside chestnut-brown, covered with short, slender, transverse brown striae on the margin of the orange markings, which are similar to those on the upperside but broader, paler, and less clearly defined.
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He also discovered typical Mississippian culture pottery, known for its use of crushed marine shells as a tempering agent, a stone discoidal associated with the game of chunkey, a shell gorget and a copper-covered, carved wooden raptorial bird covered in beaten copper. The present whereabouts of all of the artifacts he collected are not currently known, but some are curated at the Glenn Black Laboratory of Archaeology at Indiana University-Bloomington, and at the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology. Several amateur archaeologists occasionally dug at the site over the years after Guernsey, but the next major professional archaeological work at the site was a field school held by Donald Janzen in 1971. He reported one large single mound at the site.
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In the 1930s, Charles H. Zimmerman was a noted aeronautical engineer who advocated the concept of "discoidal" aircraft, the so-called "Zimmer Skimmer"Pearson 2002, p. 50. and worked on a variety of projects on his own and with the Vought company. After testing using scale models, including a remotely controlled, electrically powered large-scale model, designated the Vought V-162, the US Navy approached Zimmerman and offered to fund further development. Data and concept documentation was given to the Navy in 1939, with wind tunnel tests on full-scale models being completed in 1940-1941. The original prototype, designated the V-173 (Flying Pancake), was built of wood and canvas and featured a conventional, fully symmetrical aerofoil section (NACA 0015).
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Bechly (1996) proposed that several unique symplesiomorphic features of all Tarsophlebiidae indicate that this family represents the sister group of all Recent Odonata. These features are the basally open discoidal cell in the hindwing (instead of closed) which implies an incomplete arculus, the (meanwhile disputed) presence of four tarsomeres of equal length (instead of only three), and the very primitive condition of the male secondary genital apparatus (viz ligula orimentary; vesicula spermalis still very short and flat with a very wide porus) without any intromittent organ. Bechly therefore considered the similarities of Tarsophlebiidae and Epiprocta mentioned by Nel et al. (1993), viz the less separated and relatively large eyes, the presence of two cephalic sutures, and the small leg spines (also present in Meganisoptera), as symplesiomorphies.
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The wings are orange-yellow, the forewings with paired dorsal black spots on the second segment and dorsal bands on the segments beyond it, as well as some sublateral points. The forewings also have a black spot at the base of the costa and some diffused black on the inner margin near the base, as well as an antemedial spot below the costa and a curved line from the median nervure to the inner margin and a black spot in the middle of the cell and the discoidal bar. The postmedial line is indistinct with a broad band of fuscous suffusion beyond it except at the costa. The hindwings have a slightly sinuous medial black line with a broad band of fuscous suffusion beyond it.
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After Leik Myrabo's retirement from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 2011, the homepage of his private company Lightcraft Technologies, Inc. (LTI) disappeared with a temporary notification explaining that a "site renovation" was ongoing. The old LTI logo and the small-scale model of the laser Lightcraft prototype of the 1990s were swapped for the occasion with a new logo and an artist image showing a full-scale lenticular microwave-powered Lightcraft with active peripheral MHD slipstream accelerators in orbit above the Earth. This plasma thruster image, which is the same showing on the cover of Myrabo's book about the Lightcraft, is identical in principle to the discoidal MHD aerodyne with "parietal converter" described in Jean-Pierre Petit's 1983 comic book about magnetohydrodynamics, The Silent Barrier.
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Head and thorax brownish ochreous; pectus and hindlegs whitish, fore and mid legs and hind tarsi at extremity fuscous brown; abdomen white tinged with ochreous and slightly irrorated (sprinkled) with fuscous. Forewing brownish ochreous sparsely irrorated with black; black points in middle of cell and on discocellulars; slight fuscous points above and below submedian fold just beyond middle; a faint, diffused oblique fuscous streak from apex to just beyond discoidal point and a diffused oblique subtertninal line from below apex to submedian fold; a terminal series of black points. Hindwing white suffused with ochreous except on inner area; cilia white; the underside white, the costal area suffused with ochreous and slightly irrorated with brown.Hampson, George F. (1910) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum.
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There are some subterminal points on the inner half and a strong blackish terminal line. The hindwings are pale yellow with a rather diffused sinuous subbasal line from the subcostal nervure to the inner margin, an oblique discoidal bar and oblique line from the lower angle of the cell to the tornus, as well as a waved postmedial line bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then oblique to above tornus, with an irregularly waved line on its inner side from the costa to vein 2. The subterminal line is waved from the costa to vein 2 and there is a strong blackish terminal line expanding into a slight patch at the apex. The larvae feed on Cola diversifolia, Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Dombeya species.
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There is a white line from the costa to the lower angle of the cell, with a fork to the costa and a short branch at the middle of discocellulars. The postmedial line is bent outwards to the costa, with a short spur at vein 5 and at vein 2, retracted to the lower angle of the cell. There is a sinuous black subterminal line with a slight white line on its inner edge, as well as a fine terminal fuscous line. The hindwings are brown, with black-edged, straight, antemedial white band and a wedge-shaped, black-edged white discoidal patch from the costa to the lower end of the cell, where it joins the sinuous postmedial line, which is retracted at vein 2 and interrupted by the bands.
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Hindwing with the following similar while markings: The dorsal margin broadly up to vein 1; the basal half of interspace 1; nearly the whole of the discoidal cell; spots at base of interspaces 4, 5, 6, and 7; an upper discal transverse series of four elongate spots, and a postdiscal similar series of more rounded smaller spots. Underside: forewing pale fuliginous black; white markings as on the upperside, but larger, more diffuse. Hindwing: ground colour ochraceous; white markings as on the upperside, but interspaces 1 a and 1 strongly tinged with ochraceous; discal and postdiscal series of six, not four, spots each; veins chestnut-brown. Antennae, head, thorax posteriorly and abdomen black; pronotum and mesonotum anteriorly and on the sides with crimson pubescence; beneath, antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black.
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Neotelphusa cisti is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found on the Canary Islands and in North Africa, Turkey,Neotelphusa at funet Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus, France, Croatia, Italy, Bulgaria, Greece and Portugal.Fauna Europaea The forewings are dark slaty grey, with three tufts of tawny grey scales near the inner margin, the first (and largest) before the middle, the second in the middle, the third beyond the middle and with an oblique black streak that arises on the costa near the base and terminates at the first tuft, and a fainter oblique dark streak proceeds from near the middle of the costa. On the costa, beyond the middle, is a small blackish spot, below which are two black spots at the end of the discoidal cell, edged externally with pale grey.
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There is some dark brown on the costa before an oblique silvery-white postmedial band from the costa to vein 4 and a triangular mark from vein 2 to the inner margin, both defined on the outer side by the dark brown postmedial line which is angled inwards at vein 2, the costa beyond it is dark brown. There is also a slightly sinuous dark brown subterminal line with a series of small silvery-white spots before it from below the costa to the inner margin, the hair on which is dark brown below it. The hindwings are yellow, suffused with fulvous along median the nervure and on the terminal area. The base is white and there is an oblique silvery-white antemedial band defined by dark red brown, as well as a fulvous discoidal spot defined by dark red brown.
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Caterpillar left The Malabar tree nymph has a wingspan of 120–154 mm. It appears as a mostly white butterfly with black markings. Upperside semitransparent white, sometimes slightly infuscate with a powdering of black scales. Forewing with the following black marks: narrow margins on both sides of the veins, a dusky streak along dorsum, large sub-basal spots in interspaces 1 and 2 (produced inwardly in former), a large oval spot crossing three streaks in discoidal cell, a spot above it in interspace 11, a broad margin to the discocellulars and three rows of spots on outer half of wing, the discal series outwardly conical and curved sharply inwards opposite apex, the subterminal series in pairs coalescent on the veins, the terminal series elongate on veins and in interspaces; costa with a black streak at base, beyond black and white alternately.
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Closely resembles Tirumala limniace, Cramer, but is always sufficiently distinct to be easily recognized, even on the wing. From T. limniace it differs on the upperside in the ground colour being darker and the semihyaline markings narrower, more distinct, and of a bluer tint, In the forewing, in interspace 1 the two streaks are narrower, never coalescent, the upper one forming an oval detached spot; the short streaks above vein 5 are outwardly never truncate, always acute. In the hindwing the two streaks if the discoidal cell united at base are wide apart at their apices, the lower one never formed into a hook. On the underside this species is generally darker, the apex of the forewing and the whole of the ground colour of the hindwing not being of the conspicuous golden brown that they are in T. limniace.
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Underside (male) Underside (female) Male upperside deep velvety black, with one minute snow- white preapical spot on the forewing; the cilia of both forewing and hindwing alternately black and white. Underside dark purplish brown, shaded at base of wings and along costal margin and apex of forewing with dark ferruginous; both forewing and hindwing with two black spots in the discoidal area, followed by an auriform mark and an irregular median band, crossing both wings, of dark brown, markings outwardly obscurely and interruptedly bordered with lilacine; beyond the discal area both wings are shaded transversely with dark brown, succeeded by a subterminal dark line bordered inwardly with purple; forewing with the white preapical spot larger; hindwing with a black white-centred minute subtornal spot. Antennae black; head, thorax and abdomen velvety black, dark brown beneath. Female upperside yellowish brown.
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Borneo and Malay Peninsula. Male: upperside black with snow-white markings more or less edged with irrorations of blue scales. Forewing: discoidal streak obscurely divided and uneven along its upper margin; a much-curved and broadly interrupted discal band white; the latter composed of three outwardly oblique quadrate spots in interspaces 1 u9 1 and 2, and three oblong spots inclined inwards in interspaces 4, 5 and 6, no spot in interspace 3; beyond this an inner and an outer subterminal pale line divided by a transverse narrow black band, the former terminating near apex in an obliquely placed small narrow white spot. Hindwing: the discal band of the forewing continued as a subbasal transverse white band: a postdiscal, narrower, more or less macular band also white, and a very distinct pale, still narrower, subterminal band.
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Male from Jairampur (Arunachal Pradesh) Female in Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala Like Athyma nefte nivifera but differing in details. Is found in India. Male: upperside black with snow-white markings more or less edged with irrorations of blue scales. Forewing: discoidal streak from dusky white to dark ferruginous, with the exception of the preapical portion which is always prominently white; broad, straight and nearly complete white discal band removed from terminal margin and composed of three outwardly oblique quadrate spots in interspaces 1 a, 1 and 2, and three oblong spots inclined inwards in interspaces 4, 5 and 6, a small spot in interspace 3; beyond this an orange-yellow, macular, well-defined inner and a pale outer subterminal line divided by divided only by the black veins, the former terminating near apex in an obliquely placed mid-sized narrow white spot.
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Female Head and thorax yellowish white, the tegulae with black points, the patagia with black spots; palpi except at base, lower part of frons and antennæ fuscous; legs tinged with brown; abdomen yellow with dorsal series of black spots except at base and extremity and lateral series of spots, the ventral surface white with small sublateral black spots on terminal segments. Forewing ochreous white thickly striated with pale red-brown; faint brown marks at middle of cell and on upper discocellular and an oblique medial shade from cell to inner margin: a faint oblique shade from costa just before apex to discal fold and oblique shade from vein 2 to inner margin. Hindwing white; a round fuscous discoidal spot, a subterminal spot below vein 2 and spot at extremity of vein 1. Type female in Coll. Rothschild. Exp.
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Underside very pale greyish white; forewing: disc orange, outwardly defined by a dark line, two lines across the discoidal cell, and a sinuous discal oblique line beyond its apex not extending to the tornus, orange-brown; subterminal and terminal dark lines; a subapical eyespot, as on the upperside, but with the outer ring paler, and a much smaller ocellus beyond it towards apex of wing. Hindwing has the basal half crossed by two sinuous curved slender lines, a shorter line crossing the cell only, and another short line defining the discocellular veins, orange brown; the curved row of ocelli as on the upperside, but each ocellus with rings of pale ochraceous and of brown, alternately two of each; lastly, a subterminal and a terminal brown line. Antennae brown; head and thorax studded with long dark grey pubescence; abdomen pale brown. Sex-mark present.
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Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous and mixed with some dark brown: palpi with the 2nd joint brown at sides; abdomen dorsally dark brown, ventrally ochreous tinged with rufous. Forewing ochreous tinged with rufous, the costal area suffused with dark brown leaving slight pale streaks on the veins; the median nervure and base of veins arising from it streaked with black-brown; a black-brown streak in and beyond lower angle of cell with white points on it before and beyond the angle; a diffused oblique black-brown shade from termen below apex to vein 3; a terminal series of slight black lunules: cilia dark brown mixed with ochreous. Hindwing red brown; cilia whitish at tips; the underside grey suffused with fuscous, traces of a dark discoidal spot and diffused curved postmedial line.Hampson, George F. (1910).
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Head and thorax pale ochreous mixed with brown; palpi slightly tinged with rufous; pectus and legs suffused with brown; abdomen ochreous dorsally suffused with brown, ventrally irrorated (sprinkled) with brown. Forewing pale ochreous slightly tinged with reddish brown and thickly irrorated with black; a black point in middle of cell and another on discocellulars; a diffused oblique black-brown fascia from apex to inner margin before middle and another narrower fascia from termen below apex to inner margin beyond middle; a terminal series of black points; cilia with diffused blackish line through them. Hindwing ochreous white; a terminal series of black points from apex to vein 2; cilia with a faint brown line through them except towards tornus. Underside of forewing suffused with brown; hindwing with the costal area irrorated with brown, a black discoidal point.
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Delias pasithoe from Taiwan Upperside: black. Forewing with more or less distinct, somewhat diffuse, broad streaks from base, in the discoidal cell and interspaces 1 and 2, the streak in the last the most produced; a white oval spot at lower apex of cell traversed by the lower discocellular, followed by a subterminal series of greyish-white hastate (spear-shaped) markings with their points turned inwards, the markings opposite the apex of the wing elongate and shifted a little inwards. Hindwing: a broad subbasal transverse greyish-white band merged posteriorly in a large bright yellow dorsal patch that fills the apical two-thirds, the extreme apex excepted, of interspaces 1a, 1, and of 2; a white transversely elongate spot along the middle discocellular, and beyond it a postdiscal curved series of greyish- white elongate hastate spots in interspaces 3 to 7. Underside: black.
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The forewings are cupreous brown, the costal area fulvous yellow to the postmedial line and with a sinuous dark antemedial line defined by white marks on each side with a small quadrate white spot beyond it in the cell. There is a quadrate hyaline-white patch in the end of the cell and a slight pale discoidal striga. The postmedial line is excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to the lower angle of the cell and angled outwards on vein 2, with a trifid hyaline patch beyond it from the costa to vein 5, two spots before it between veins 6 and 5, a patch in its sinus and a patch beyond it extending to the termen above the tornus. There are two spots beyond it above and below vein 2 and one before it in the submedian interspace, as well as a dark terminal line.
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The forewings are rufous suffused with dark brown, the costal area bright rufous except towards the base, with three small black spots on the costa towards the apex. The antemedial line is black-brown, angled outwards below the costa, excurved below the cell and angled inwards above the inner margin, defined on inner side by whitish below the cell. There is a small black annulus in the upper part of the middle of the cell and a discoidal figure-of-eight shaped mark, its upper and lower parts filled in with rufous, the rufous from the costa extending into the cell before it. The postmedial line is black-brown defined on the outer side by whitish, strong and obliquely downcurved to vein 6, then excurved and minutely dentate to vein 2 where it is retracted to below the angle of the cell and bent outwards below the submedian fold.
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Lophocampa endrolepia - femaleNovitates Zoologicae v.17 (1910) Forewing of male with streak of androconia on subcostal nervure on underside. Male Head, thorax, and abdomen bright orange yellow, the 1st and 2nd joints of palpi, the head between antennae and on vertex, the tegulae, shoulders, and patagia with black points; tibiae and tarsi with black spots. Forewing bright orange yellow, the interspaces of discal area rather paler; a black point at base of costa and subbasal points on costa and below the cell; numerous small brown lunules forming ill-defined double minutely dentate subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial, and subterminal bands, the three last oblique, and all with more or less developed black marks on them at costa and inner margin; a diffused black discoidal spot and small black spot on subterminal line at discal fold; a series of small black spots on termen and cilia.
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The forewings are ochreous white tinged and irrorated with brown, the costal area suffused with brown. There is a short brown streak on the base of the median nervure and an oblique whitish subbasal striga from the costa with a slight blackish streak below the costa from it to the antemedial line, which is whitish, oblique and defined by a black line on the outer side from the costa to the submedian fold, then bent inwards to the base of the inner margin and defined by a brown fascia above. The medial part of the costa has two whitish semicircular marks, a small black discoidal spot and whitish streaks with diffused dark streaks between them on veins 7, 6, 5 and 4 to the postmedial line, which is whitish defined by a black line on the inner side, expanding at the costa. There is a triangular patch of blackish suffusion beyond it at the costa and some fuscous and brown suffusion below its retracted portion.
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The forewing discoidal cell, interspace 1a, 1 to near apex, basal half of 2, and extreme bases of 3 and 4 rich violet blue, the borders of the discocellulars and the interspaces of veins 2, 3 and 4 are black, spread diffusely outwards in interspaces 1a and 1. A very broad oblique discal orange band from costa to apices of interspaces 1 and 2, this orange band is sprinkled with bluish black scales; apical third of wing velvety purpurescent (purple) black; a hyaline (glass-like) transverse spot near middle of interspace 2, and a subtriangular similar small preapical spot. Hindwing more uniform violescent blue; the costal margin and apex very broadly brown, somewhat densely irrorated (sprinkled) with dusky violescent black scales; dorsal margin brown; a ridge of long brownish hairs along vein 1 spreading on to the dorsal margin. Forewings and hindwings crossed by a subterminal dusky zigzag line commencing about the middle of interspace 3 in the forewing, and most conspicuous on the hindwing.
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Underside: ground colour and markings similar, more clearly defined, and on the forewing generally broader and whiter, except that the anterior one or two streaks or spots of the discal and subterminal series, like all the markings on the hindwing, are strongly suffused with bright yellow; in addition the precostal area on the hindwing is bright chrome yellow. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black; abdomen beneath white, the anterior legs with one or two white spots. Venation Variety caphusa Moore (Sikkim; Kumaon; Mussoorie to Simla and the Kangra region) differs from A. agathon both on the upper and under sides in the much greater width and extension of the greenish-white markings in the discoidal cells and interspaces of the wings. On the upperside the streak in interspace 1 of the forewing shows no sign of any black dividing line, and it, as well as the short streaks of the discal series, show a tendency to coalesce with the subterminal elongate spots.
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The intercellular and interspacial greenish-white streaks and spots, which, in var. caphusa, are considerably longer and broader and, so far as the markings in the interspaces are concerned, show a tendency to coalesce, in phryxe become very broad and white, so that the discal series of short streaks on both wings extend to and coalesce completely with the much broadened spots of the subterminal series. In fact, the insect may be described as white both on the upper and under sides, the veins broadly bordered with black, and with black terminal margins formed by the expansion and coalescence of the black at the apices of the veins; discoidal cell of the forewing with a large patch of black at the apex. The black along the veins of both forewing and hindwing suddenly broadened on the discal area; on the underside of the hindwing they almost form a connected discal, transverse black band; the chrome-yellow spot on the precostal area as in A. agathon.
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Forewing: a very large, irregular, white spot filling the apex of the discoidal cell, three elongate spots divided by the nervures above and one or two small white spots below, the whole forming an irregular oblique bar; a large sub-terminal blue spot in interspace 2 and smaller similar spots in interspaces 4-7; finally a line of 3 or 4 small terminal blue spots near the tornus: all these blue spots occasionally white-centred. Hindwing: broad white streaks in interspaces la, 1b, 1 and 2, a spot (sometimes absent) at base of interspace 3, another (but rarely) at base of interspace 4, one or two discal blue spots and very incomplete subterminal and terminal series of similar spots. Underside hair- brown, the markings as above but more complete .and larger; on the hindwing there are in addition one or two spots or streaks in the cell and on the disc beyond it.
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Head and thorax pale ochreous faintly tinged with brown, the vertex of head, patagia at base and near tips, and prothorax with black points; palpi with black mark on 2nd joint and the 3rd joint black; fore tibiae with black spot, the tarsi black except towards base, the mid tibia with black spot and the mid and hind tarsi black at extremities; abdomen yellow with lateral series of black striae, the ventral surface with small blackish spots on terminal segments. Forewing pale ochreous sparsely irrorated with small blackish spots and striae; more prominent antemedial spots below costa and above inner margin; small discoidal spots and one just beyond the cell; an obscure postmedial series of striae with more prominent spot below costa, excurved to vein 4, then incurved; a subterminal series of striae with more prominent spot at discal fold, some small spots on termen towards apex. Hindwing ochreous white. Its wingspan is about 52 mm.
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Head and thorax pale ochreous; palpi, sides of frons, and antennae black; pectus black; legs black, ochreous at base, the fore coxae and the femora above crimson; abdomen crimson, the base, anal tuft, and ventral surface pale ochreous, dorsal, lateral, and sublateral series of black spots. Forewing pale ochreous; antemedial black points above and below vein 1; a black point in upper angle of cell; a small postmedial black spot below costa, point above vein 2, spot above vein 1, and large spot below it; an oblique series of minute black streaks from apex to vein and subterminal points above and below veins 5 to 3. Hindwing pale ochreous, the inner area tinged with crimson to beyond middle; a black discoidal spot; small subterminal spots below costa and above and below vein 5, and a curved series of larger spots from vein 3 to vein 1. Underside of forewing with the basal half tinged with crimson, an oblique maculate postmedial black band from discal to submedian folds.
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Head and thorax grey brown with a blackish stripe on dorsum of thorax; palpi and lower part of frons blackish; antennas black; pectus at sides and fore femora with some crimson, the tibiae and tarsi blackish; abdomen crimson, the extremity and ventral surface greyish dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Forewing grey brown; an antemedial black point above vein 1; traces of a black point at upper angle of cell and two beyond lower angle; an oblique series of black points from apex to inner margin beyond middle placed in pairs on each side of the veins and obsolescent at middle; subterminal pairs of black points on each side of veins 5, 4, 3. Hindwing grey brown, the inner area slightly tinged with crimson; a large black discoidal spot; small subterminal spots on each side of vein 5. traces of a point below vein 4 and a curved band formed by three spots from vein 3 to termen at vein 1.
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Forewing: black markings similar to those on the upperside, but the black at apex and on termen replaced anteriorly by a dull faint wash of ochraceous or greenish yellow. Hindwing: basal two-thirds irrorated more or less thickly with black scales, with the exception of a short, very broad, inwardly oblique band of the ground colour, that extends from the middle of the costa to within the upper portion of the discoidal cell; the outer margin of the area irrorated with black scales is transverse from costa to interspace 5, thence curved outwards to vein 4 and obliquely to vein 1a. Antennae brown, paler at their apices; head fuscous; thorax and abdomen black; beneath: whitish. Female upperside similar to that in the male, but the black markings on the forewing broader, more conspicuous and extended lower along the termen than in the male; on the hindwing the black costal spot larger, with in most specimens a well-marked spot also in interspace 3, and in many a series of detached terminal black spots at the apices of the veins.
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There is an erect silvery-white subbasal band and a silvery-white band just before middle, defined on each side by dark brown below the cell, excurved below the costa and above the inner margin and emitting a spur at the discal fold to the white discoidal lunule defined by black except above. The medial part of the costa is white and there is a silvery-white wedge-shaped mark in the discal fold before the postmedial band, which is silvery white defined on each side by dark brown, incurved below the costa, then excurved to vein 3, below which it is angled inwards, then erect with its outer edge excurved at the submedian fold. There is also a silvery-white subterminal band from the costa to vein 1, defined on each side by dark brown, strongly on the outer side, its extremities at the costa and above vein 1 dilated into spots, excurved between those points. The hindwings are orange yellow with a slight fulvous tinge and a white base.
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Males and females: Upperside, both wings dark fuscous suffused with rich deep violet. Forewing with an outwardly and forwardly arched subcrescentic pale violet or mauve band, commencing beyond the middle of the wing at the costal vein, terminating at the inner angle, and crossed obliquely by a series of three small white spots disposed in a straight line parallel to the outer margin, and placed upon folds of as many consecutive interspaces, the last being between the second and third median vein. Hindwing relatively longer tailed than in Melanitis ismene Cramer, with the membranous parts of the divergent tail almost wholly formed by the produced wing-membrane of the interspace between the second and third median vein, a very narrow anterior membranous edging being contributed by the interspace next in front; and with rather more than the basal two-thirds of its length in front of the discoidal vein and subcostal vein ochreous. Underside: both wings ochreous, obscurely striated with a deeper shade of the same colour, and marked with a submarginal series of inconspicuous brown specks, the probable rudiments of ocelli.
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The head and thorax are ochreous tinged with fulvous; palpi and sides of frons black; a large black patch on prothorax with streak from it to metathorax; pectus black; femora crimson fringed with ochreous hair, the tibiae and tarsi black; abdomen pale crimson with a blackish dorsal streak on medial segments, the ventral surface ochreous, lateral and sublateral black points on medial segments. Forewing brownish ochreous; minute antemedial black spots on costa, below median nervure, and above vein 1; four black points at lower angle of cell; a postmedial series of black points on each side of the veins, excurved to vein 4, then incurved; a subterminal series of black points on each side of the veins from costa to vein 3, slightly excurved at vein 5. Hindwing pale ochreous yellow; a black discoidal lunule; subterminal black points on each side of vein 5 with traces of a series of points below it bent outwards to termen below vein 1; the underside with the costal area fulvous yellow, a slight postmedial black mark on costa. Wingspan 48 mm.
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Head and thorax pale brownish ochreous; palpi fringed with crimson at base and black at tips; sides of frons black; (antennae wanting); pectus tinged with crimson; fore coxae at sides and femora above crimson, the tibiae and tarsi black; abdomen crimson, the ventral surface reddish ochreous, dorsal and lateral series of black spots and sublateral black points on medial segments. Forewing brownish ochreous faintly tinged with crimson except on basal, costal, and inner areas; a black point at base of cell; a minute antemedial black streak on costa and small spot above vein 1 and on one side another below it, a minute black spot in upper angle of cell; an incurved postmedial series of spots on each side of veins 4 to 1, minute above and larger towards inner margin. Hindwing pale crimson; two slight blackish streaks at base of inner area; a large black discoidal spot; a sub-terminal spot at discal fold and spots above, and below veins 2 and 1. Underside of forewing suffused with crimson.
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The male has a white ground colour on the upperside, and the forewings and hindwings have broad terminal black bands. The forewing base, costal margin broadly and discoidal cell except at its lower apical area are heavily irrorated (speckled) with dusky-grey scales with a short streak at upper apex of cell joined to a large spot on the discocellulars, black; superposed on the black terminal area are two small preapical spots and a much larger subterminal spot in interspace 3, all of the white ground colour; minute white terminal specks also, often more or less obsolescent, in the interspaces. Hindwing more uniform, very slightly irrorated with grey scales at base, the black terminal band immaculate. Underside: greenish yellow sparsely sprinkled with black scales, the yellow very pale on the disc of the forewing, fading to white along its dorsal margin; discocellular spot and three subterminal posterior spots, that are placed in a curve, black; the lowest spot of the three sometimes extended to the dorsal margin (var. puellaris).
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The forewings are bronze yellow suffused in parts with fuscous and with an antemedial white band, defined by black formed by a bar from the costa to the median nervure, and an oblique wedge-shaped patch from the cell to the inner margin. There is a small white discoidal lunule defined by black and a postmedial white band defined by black from the costa to vein 4, its inner edge sinuous and expanding at and below the costa. There is also a conical white patch defined by black from below the end of the cell to the inner margin and a subterminal white band defined by black and excurved and interrupted at the middle. The hindwings are bronze yellow suffused in parts with fuscous and with an ill-defined white subbasai band and an antemedial quadrate white patch defined by black from the costa to the median nervure, with a narrow white band defined by black from it to the inner margin and a postmedial curved white band defined by black from the costa to vein 4, its inner edge sinuous and expanding at and below the costa.
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Hindwing: the discal band of the forewing continued as a subbasal transverse white band: a postdiscal, narrower, more or less macular band also white, and a very distinct pale, still narrower, subterminal band. The interspace between the postdiscal and the subterminal bands darker than the general ground colour of the wing, and the postdiscal band on the inner side margined with similarly coloured cone-shaped marks. Underside ochraceous light brown, shaded with orange-yellow on apex of forewing and on the anterior portion of the postdiscal band on the hindwing; the markings similar on the upperside but somewhat diffuse, the discoidal streak and posterior half of inner sub- terminal band on forewing and the postdiscal band posteriorly on the hindwing suffused with very pale bluish pink; the interspaces of the ground colour smallish darker brown blotches, forming on the hindwing a conspicuous discal transverse series of spots in the interspaces; the dorsal margin of the hindwing broadly bluish white. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen above dark brownish black, the thorax and base of the abdomen respectively crossed by a bar of bluish white; beneath, the palpi, thorax and abdomen bluish white.
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