Reagan eliminated federal dollars earmarked to help desegregation and pushed to end hundreds of school-desegregation court orders.
|
|
Busing was part of a desegregation plan Waterloo, Iowa, adopted using federal desegregation funds after being sued by the NAACP.
|
|
Busing was part of a desegregation plan Waterloo, Iowa, adopted using federal desegregation funds after being sued by the NAACP.
|
|
Sessions has publicly taken credit for desegregation efforts in the state of Alabama, there is no evidence of his participation in the desegregation of Alabama schools or any school desegregation lawsuits filed by then-Attorney General Sessions. Sen.
|
|
The country was in the midst of the civil rights movement, and Eastland was opposed to desegregation policies, particularly school desegregation.
|
|
It is rare for new desegregation orders to be enacted today, and most school desegregation orders stopped being issued in the 1990s.
|
|
When the justices instructed school districts to implement desegregation with all deliberate speed, they thought the slower pace would lessen opposition to desegregation.
|
|
Johnson merged the results from a comprehensive database that tracked school desegregation orders by school district, year entered, and type of desegregation plan, with long-term data on the life outcomes of thousands of children who attended school during the desegregation era.
|
|
But our stories about the orderly desegregation of schools and the peaceful desegregation of lunch counters and the benign treatment of black people by the white people in power?
|
|
"Describing opposition to busing as something other than resistance to school desegregation was a move that obscured the histories of racial discrimination and legal contexts for desegregation orders," Delmont added.
|
|
In a 2012 study, "The Grandchildren of Brown: The Long Legacy of School Desegregation," Rucker Johnson of Berkeley found that the beneficial effects of desegregation continue into the next generation.
|
|
In 1972, for example, the Supreme Court created a rule finding that schools under an active desegregation order could not create a new splinter district if the new district undermined desegregation efforts.
|
|
Herman Talmadge, southern Democrats who opposed civil rights and desegregation.
|
|
Arkansas NAACP director, and Little Rock Central High School desegregation
|
|
Board (striking down school desegregation by race) had only six.
|
|
Every justice understood that desegregation would require huge social change.
|
|
"I had a traumatic experience" with desegregation, Mr. Hinojosa said.
|
|
Wade and spent years as a critic of school desegregation efforts.
|
|
For African-American students, the impact of desegregation was overwhelmingly positive.
|
|
Maybe desegregation led to increasing distrust in government by white voters.
|
|
"Brooklyn hipsters fight school desegregation," the news site Raw Story proclaimed.
|
|
He was an avid champion of the desegregation of public schools.
|
|
During the 1957 crisis over school desegregation in Little Rock, Ark.
|
|
After the Supreme Court decided the landmark desegregation case Brown v.
|
|
It took over two more decades to achieve successful school desegregation.
|
|
The same is true of his past position on school desegregation.
|
|
It occurred in the context of a national fight over desegregation.
|
|
He inherited the desegregation plan from the previous superintendent, Mike Miles.
|
|
Bradley — they didn't have to participate in inter-district desegregation plans.
|
|
Desegregation was the goal, yet residential homogeneity continued to be the norm.
|
|
She also said it "unreasonably delays desegregation" for the district's middle schools.
|
|
Kamala Harris pressed Biden on his record regarding busing and school desegregation.
|
|
Jesse Helms, a staunch opponent of civil rights legislation and desegregation efforts.
|
|
Bradley, the Court found that desegregation plans could not cross district lines.
|
|
Desegregation splintered the nation, as did the civil rights movement that followed.
|
|
The dispute between Joe Biden and Kamala Harris isn't really about desegregation.
|
|
Board of Education, the landmark 603 desegregation case that Mr. Marshall argued.
|
|
Board of Education of Topeka, the landmark school desegregation case of 1954.
|
|
They had two choices: Pay private-school tuition or deal with desegregation.
|
|
Historians recognize the case as the country's first successful school desegregation case.
|
|
That led a federal judge to lift the desegregation order in 2000.
|
|
She wrote that Sanders instead began his career protesting in desegregation movements.
|
|
Originally designed to help address local resistance to desegregation after Brown v.
|
|
Ferguson, which was overturned in the school desegregation case of Brown vs.
|
|
The late '70s was also Los Angeles's moment of reckoning with desegregation.
|
|
This racial quota system, arising from the 1996 desegregation case Sheff v.
|
|
Scott is making the effective desegregation of schools a priority of his chairmanship.
|
|
Bradley was a disastrous decision that drastically undermined the cause of school desegregation.
|
|
And, there is no evidence that white children lost anything because of desegregation.
|
|
Pittman determined that white flight could not be considered in establishing desegregation plans.
|
|
At age 6, Mosby was accepted into a school desegregation program in Massachusetts.
|
|
But even so, school desegregation isn't always the easiest policy area for candidates.
|
|
Famously, when states resisted desegregation following the landmark 1954 ruling in Brown v.
|
|
So in the future the numbers will probably underestimate the speed of desegregation.
|
|
His administration emphasized that busing and other desegregation programs discriminated against white students.
|
|
As a result of the 1974 decision, many Northern city desegregation orders were
|
|
There is a reason most school desegregation law does not address Asian students.
|
|
Milton A. Galamison, who championed desegregation, said at the time about the march.
|
|
Recently, Ms. Jackson has made paintings inspired by court rulings on school desegregation.
|
|
Rockwell often painted his neighbors, presenting an image of America before desegregation ended.
|
|
Research shows that desegregation can drive learning gains for students of all races.
|
|
School desegregation is often seen as a tool for justice, and rightly so.
|
|
George C. Wallace's attempt to stop the desegregation of the University of Alabama.
|
|
Quietly, without fanfare, he steadily enforced the desegregation of schools in the South.
|
|
Gentrification is the main engine of free-market desegregation in cities these days.
|
|
He helped write the Southern Manifesto, which outlined congressional opposition to racial desegregation.
|
|
Board of Education, the landmark school desegregation case, and to uphold Plessy v.
|
|
Overall, many, including White, question whether the desegregation policy has run its course.
|
|
Even in the early 1960s, King is traveling across the country to raise money for the Southern movement, but he's also making speeches on the importance of housing desegregation, school desegregation, and police accountability, and reforms outside of the South.
|
|
Last year, a desegregation settlement was reached between Robertson County Board of Education in Tennessee and the Department of Justice to rezone the school districts after demonstrating that they failed to comply with the terms set in a 1970 desegregation plan.
|
|
Some in the disability community equate the closing of sheltered workshops with school desegregation.
|
|
Neighborhoods don't look the same way they did 60, 70 years ago through desegregation.
|
|
The man behind the Southern Strategy ordered massive desegregation of Southern schools, for example.
|
|
Board of Education, the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision which led to school desegregation.
|
|
Desegregation efforts had no effects — positive or negative — on white students in his studies.
|
|
Bradley ruling established that federal courts couldn't order desegregation busing across school district lines.
|
|
So in a practical sense, the renewed interest in desegregation initiatives isn't particularly timely.
|
|
Myers' firm website says he was involved in a notable desegregation lawsuit, Ayers vs.
|
|
She added that she believed there were several hundred legal school desegregation cases nationwide.
|
|
Here's what is happening: Schools: The Department of Education is proposing new desegregation rules.
|
|
Much of the push toward desegregation is coming from parent groups and individual schools.
|
|
Turner went on to say the federal government's involvement in desegregation efforts was necessary.
|
|
Board of Education coming after the desegregation of the military, civil service and baseball.
|
|
A second decision called for lower courts and school boards to proceed with desegregation.
|
|
At times, this was slow — the Boy Scouts didn't require desegregation until the 1970s.
|
|
Board of Education, Southern states employed "massive resistance" tactics to block Court-mandated desegregation.
|
|
But his parents did not protest the desegregation or remove him from the school.
|
|
The fewer white children who remained in the system, the harder desegregation would become.
|
|
In the 1960s, before court-ordered desegregation, more than half the students were white.
|
|
When he started, in 1958, the court's momentous school-desegregation ruling in Brown v.
|
|
" He added that full desegregation would "be making a problem instead of solving one.
|
|
But there are some desegregation orders that remain active, including several in the South.
|
|
Estimates of the effects of court-ordered desegregation on black and white students. AVG.
|
|
Estimates of the effects of court-ordered desegregation on black and white students. AVG.
|
|
The Williamses, who are white, were just teenagers when the state resisted school desegregation.
|
|
Provisions in the Civil Rights Act of 228 that would have required stronger desegregation efforts in these northern states were stripped out of the legislation, though many northern cities would later find themselves subjected to court-ordered desegregation mandates that were strongly opposed.
|
|
Other titles of that statute — including Title II, which bars discrimination in public accommodations; Title III, which requires desegregation of public facilities; and Title IV, which empowers the Justice Department to pursue public school desegregation — cover race, color, religion and national origin.
|
|
Board of Education before the US Supreme Court, leading to the desegregation of public schools.
|
|
Thompson, brought to the Supreme Court in the aftermath of the desegregation of public pools.
|
|
A. Linwood Holton, who pushed for desegregation during the 1970s, according to the Washington Post.
|
|
Through a deft integration of mediums, Jackson is guided by methods of desegregation and dehierarchization.
|
|
In 1965, she and others sued Issaquena schools, resulting in desegregation a few years later.
|
|
By one measure, desegregation is happening fastest in Malmo, a city with lots of immigrants.
|
|
Board of Education , when White Citizens Councils began forming across the South to oppose desegregation.
|
|
But it did include pages of stipulations intended to ensure the desegregation of Trump properties.
|
|
As South Carolina governor, Hollings helped guide the state through desegregation, The Associated Press reported.
|
|
Soon, white people who opposed desegregation came to heckle, threaten and even abuse the students.
|
|
Sessions said in a 85033 interview he had prosecuted between 20 and 30 desegregation cases.
|
|
She won, and the ruling eventually led to the desegregation of our city's public transit.
|
|
Some of that progress has been lost in recent years, as judges lifted desegregation orders.
|
|
Linda Brown's very name was immortalized in the landmark Supreme Court desegregation case, Brown v.
|
|
The lawsuit says that the state has erred in exempting charter schools from desegregation requirements.
|
|
Ms. Altschul is expected to move ahead with a desegregation plan in the coming weeks.
|
|
For Glinn, who also photographed revolutionaries in Cuba and desegregation pioneers in Little Rock, Ark.
|
|
But they do have powerful influence, similar to their rulings about desegregation in the 1960s.
|
|
And President Dwight Eisenhower used an executive order to enforce school desegregation in Little Rock.
|
|
Many of them are magnet schools, which grew out of a hard-fought battle: desegregation.
|
|
And while white Charlottesvillians eventually complied with desegregation laws, de facto segregation remains a problem.
|
|
Bradley decision struck down a lower court's order for a metro-area-wide desegregation program between nearly all-black Detroit city schools and the white suburbs surrounding the city, a series of major Supreme Court rulings on school desegregation have limited the reach of Brown.
|
|
Kamala Harris and former Vice President Joe Biden over his decades-long opposition to desegregation busing.
|
|
On the politically charged topic of desegregation busing, Sanders expressed concerns about the program's unintended consequences.
|
|
Maybe we could have had anti-lynching laws sooner and leveraged that success to achieve desegregation.
|
|
It calls for universal prekindergarten and for the Education Department to renew its work on desegregation.
|
|
How would you say America's political climate and level of racial tolerance has changed since desegregation?
|
|
It makes sense, as whites were the target demographic during Route 66's pre-desegregation heyday.
|
|
In this way, racially exclusive use of swimming pools actually expanded during the era of desegregation.
|
|
Those same schools are part of the current desegregation debate now playing out in the city.
|
|
In Boston, thousands of whites marched carrying American and Irish flags to protest court-ordered desegregation.
|
|
Beginning in the mid-1950s, Mr. Beville oversaw the peaceful desegregation of the county school system.
|
|
Past desegregation efforts, based on involuntary busing and selective schools, offered little to poor, nonwhite children.
|
|
Still, the early years after desegregation were fraught with strain that veered into tragedy on Feb.
|
|
George Wallace at the door of the University of Alabama during the desegregation of the school.
|
|
While some desegregation plans faltered in the face of white resistance, Louisville's has proved remarkably resilient.
|
|
Dannel Malloy has pushed for more leniency in standards set by a court-ordered desegregation case.
|
|
Brown also ordered the district to submit a timeline to implement the desegregation plan within 21 days.
|
|
School desegregation is not just a lofty goal that can be set aside if it's not convenient.
|
|
From then on, the N.A.A.C.P.'s search for promising plaintiffs in desegregation suits focussed on female volunteers.
|
|
But once the moral urgency of the civil rights movement made desegregation inevitable, the coalition split apart.
|
|
Over the course of decades, court-ordered desegregation led to more diverse student bodies in Southern schools.
|
|
But this narrow, individualized focus maintains the racial and economic disparities that desegregation was supposed to eradicate.
|
|
Harris and Biden previously sparred at the Democratic debates last year over his opposition to desegregation busing.
|
|
Clemon had helped establish a precedent that secessions were not permissible if they undermined court-ordered desegregation.
|
|
"The Court's desegregation order is designed to remedy the injury that institutionalized racial segregation causes," she wrote.
|
|
This will achieve the desegregation interests of the panel by reducing the diversity of the system overall.
|
|
Board of Education, the landmark 1954 school desegregation decision, you'll see that Brown wasn't a single case.
|
|
Activists protested for the desegregation of transportation by enacting boycotts or refusing to comply with existing laws.
|
|
But this "local control" defense echoed the rhetoric conservatives use to fight federal or statewide desegregation programs.
|
|
He promised to combat racial discrimination and school segregation by tripling Title 1 funding and executing desegregation orders.
|
|
Johnson makes a convincing case that neither desegregation nor school funding reforms alone is sufficient; both are necessary.
|
|
In a submission to the committee he also highlighted cases he pursued involving voting rights and school desegregation.
|
|
But after desegregation, mirroring a nationwide trend, whites seemed to flee the place as African Americans moved in.
|
|
Beginning in the late 1970s, however, the Supreme Court slowly began to back away from court-ordered desegregation.
|
|
It also enforced desegregation of the government-run school system nationwide, largely ending the practice of educational apartheid.
|
|
The legacy of a discriminatory response to desegregation continues a half-century on, with limited benefit to children.
|
|
During the next decade, the newspaper published hundreds of columns and articles calling for the desegregation of baseball.
|
|
There's no doubt either that it was Richard Nixon personally who conceived and led the administration's desegregation effort.
|
|
Harris went after Biden for his past position opposing busing students to schools as a means of desegregation.
|
|
During the 1950's and 1960's, the government played a critical role implementing desegregation in the South.
|
|
And in the testiest exchange, Franken accused Sessions of inflating the number of desegregation cases he has prosecuted.
|
|
Franken accused Sessions of overstating the number of desegregation cases he had prosecuted during his confirmation hearing Tuesday.
|
|
Sanders' plan also prioritizes desegregation, and calls for an end to gender and racial pay disparity for teachers.
|
|
Based, inevitably, on a true story, it follows the battle over school desegregation in North Carolina in 1971.
|
|
Board of Education, court-mandated desegregation gave a generation of black children unprecedented access to quality public schools.
|
|
Could Eisenhower have made the South more receptive to desegregation of public schools if he had endorsed Brown?
|
|
They also note that religious freedom arguments were used to fight school desegregation statutes after they were passed.
|
|
This pressure influenced the Supreme Court in 1946, which ordered desegregation on interstate buses in Morgan v. Virginia.
|
|
Coach Nagata showed great loyalty to his players but was said to have had complex feelings about desegregation.
|
|
Gayle, the Supreme Court case that eventually led to the desegregation of public buses, the Montgomery Advertiser reported.
|
|
In fact, racial desegregation of public pools rarely led to any meaningful sort of interracial use, said Wiltse.
|
|
Nearly 20133 school districts across the country are currently embroiled in desegregation cases, 44 of them in Mississippi.
|
|
But there's overwhelming evidence showing that busing was one of the most effective desegregation policies since Brown v.
|
|
In a precedent-setting case, the Appeals Court approved, for the first time, a desegregation order that set out numeric ratios for black and white children in schools and required school officials to regularly report their progress toward integration to the court, setting the standard for school desegregation cases nationally.
|
|
That meant that judges could order school desegregation across municipal borders and between black and white towns, and thus most white families seeking to avoid desegregation in the South could not simply pick up and move across an invisible line to a white community with a white public-school system.
|
|
The California Democrat said a "point of disagreement" between the two still remains when it comes to desegregation busing.
|
|
After the Civil War, the fear of integrating blacks into white society led to Jim Crow laws and desegregation.
|
|
Dowell, that school districts under enforced desegregation orders no longer needed federal supervision if they seemed unlikely to resegregate.
|
|
US Army troops form a line in a street to enforce the desegregation of Central High School in 1957.
|
|
" The lawsuit alleges that the Cleveland School District, Craddock, and Dr. Thigpen were "upset by [the] recent desegregation order.
|
|
It's been 213 years since the U.S. Supreme Court issued its landmark ruling on school desegregation in Brown v.
|
|
Lavorato, working as an assistant to the attorney general at the time, helped rewrite Minnesota's desegregation rule in 203.
|
|
Mr Thompson examined the impact of desegregation-related firings and separations using a database covering 22017 Southern school districts.
|
|
This federal "desegregation," they argue, would really mean the resegregation that has happened in other impoverished Delta communities nearby.
|
|
Harvard professor Tribe notes that the 1962 desegregation of the University of Mississippi depended on court orders for enforcement.
|
|
And we both had to walk a fine line on the very emotional issue of busing for school desegregation.
|
|
In 1992, the chief judge, also white, gave a newspaper interview expressing misgivings about school desegregation and interracial marriage.
|
|
And just like any baseball "best" set before desegregation carries an asterisk, so should the Beatles' Top 5 record.
|
|
Russell served from 1933 to 1971 and helped write the Southern Manifesto, which outlined congressional opposition to racial desegregation.
|
|
There's a lot to celebrate about baseball's history, including desegregation and the many nonwhite stars the sports has produced.
|
|
Because it's presenting something that is contrary to the exclusion [that black people experienced before and after legal desegregation].
|
|
If a nominee was in favor of such desegregation, Eastland would lower the boom by withholding the blue slip.
|
|
This flag was not "some storied part of Georgia's history," but was adopted in 1956 in response to desegregation.
|
|
The plan also includes measures to address school desegregation including the Strength in Diversity Act which he co-sponsored.
|
|
Board of Education decision the day after it was issued and ordered school desegregation to start within a year?
|
|
The Washington Post reported yesterday on comments that he made in 1975 expressing skepticism over desegregation and affirmative action.
|
|
In other words, Harris's big moment had a lot of people looking more closely at Biden's record on desegregation.
|
|
Now, you might dismiss the line for "desegregation busing" because it was searched for less than Harris or Biden.
|
|
James Eastland, a Mississippi Democrat and chairman of the Judiciary Committee and a leading symbol of Southern resistance to desegregation.
|
|
Judge Brown, however, ruled against the plan because similar "freedom of choice" measures had not worked to help achieve desegregation.
|
|
National Guardsmen give a black student and his bicycle a lift to school while enforcing desegregation at Central High School.
|
|
Board declared school segregation unconstitutional, the Supreme Court left much of the implementation of desegregation orders to local federal judges.
|
|
The judge who gave Brock Turner a controversial six-month sentence for sexual assault compared his decision to school desegregation.
|
|
Convinced he is "as good as anyone", he pores over his "new secondhand textbooks" and awaits the desegregation of Tallahassee.
|
|
Harry Truman, his predecessor, had begun the desegregation of the armed forces, and Eisenhower quickly moved to continue the process.
|
|
In 1958, the school was severely damaged by dynamite explosions, which people assumed were related to the school s desegregation.
|
|
The desegregation busing that Biden opposed looked something like this: These kinds of plans were incredibly effective at desegregating schools.
|
|
Looking at today's segregation patterns, a truly effective desegregation plan would involve some students attending school in a neighboring district.
|
|
The four had joined a lawsuit filed in 1949 that led to the desegregation of the university&aposs law school.
|
|
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) was created in 1965, just 6 years after the desegregation of Georgia's buses.
|
|
The desegregation of professional and collegiate athletics, for instance, fueled the rise of a multi-billion-dollar global sports industry.
|
|
The new rules would affect the application process at equity assistance centers, which were formerly known as desegregation assistance centers.
|
|
Southern whites rebelled against desegregation orders, at times prompting the federal government to enforce the Supreme Court's decision by force.
|
|
Overruling the Pentagon, Truman employed the military in a racial-desegregation social experiment in hopes of improving the American one.
|
|
At the height of school desegregation, from 1964 through the 1980s, high school graduation rates for black students improved significantly.
|
|
Railroad, a federal case decided in a Brooklyn circuit court that led to the desegregation of New York City streetcars.
|
|
It was, to a large degree, the geographic organization of Southern states that made court-ordered school desegregation there successful.
|
|
At Parchman, this meant desegregation and civilian guards, freedom of worship, minimum living space and an end to forced labor.
|
|
In the book, Boot writes of National Review founder William F. Buckley: Buckley also editorialized in National Review against desegregation.
|
|
He opposed the act on libertarian grounds, arguing that forced desegregation of businesses was unacceptable government interference in the marketplace.
|
|
Even as search traffic for Harris boomed, it saw a significant rise for "desegregation busing" among people who Googled Biden.
|
|
Few senators were more virulently outspoken against desegregation than the Mississippi senator, who was known for incendiary floor speeches on race.
|
|
"There is a conceptual difference between desegregation and integration," Biden said to Wilmington, Delaware's, daily newspaper, The News Journal, in 1975.
|
|
Eastland repeatedly said he viewed black Americans as belonging to an "inferior race" and worried that desegregation would "mongrelize" white America.
|
|
"The delay in desegregation has deprived generations of students of the constitutionally-guaranteed right of an integrated education," the opinion read.
|
|
It seems likely that for black students, the impact of desegregation will have been blunted by this displacement of black teachers.
|
|
But Harris is fundamentally wrong when she makes it sound like desegregation is more than a means to a better end.
|
|
Without the contributions from this iconic HBCU, the history of school desegregation in the United States might well have been different.
|
|
It led to the state operating its higher-education system under court-ordered desegregation in 1995, according to The Clarion Ledger.
|
|
As campaigners often point out, this approach has form: scaremongering about bathroom safety was a tactic in resistance to racial desegregation.
|
|
Any reference to "forced busing," the coded language used by opponents of desegregation efforts in the 1960s and 1970s, was not.
|
|
The student assignment plan, however, is the result of a busing order intended to enforce the desegregation of Jefferson County schools.
|
|
Harris saw her poll numbers surge after she confronted Biden on desegregation and busing at the first Democratic debate in June.
|
|
Many schools use income as the basis for desegregation because the ability to consider race in admissions has been significantly reduced.
|
|
In the 1950s and 1960s, some Southern senators used the slips to block judicial nominees who would be favorable to desegregation.
|
|
Since desegregation, many have viewed them as spaces that spare black students from the racial tensions that plague predominantly white institutions.
|
|
Today, desegregation efforts have gone beyond court-ordered busing to include a variety of methods, ones not necessarily mandated by law.
|
|
The Lynchburg Christian Academy, in Virginia, was one of many so-called seg academies created throughout the South to circumvent desegregation.
|
|
There U.W. Clemon sat, once again, to argue in the continuation of the very first school-desegregation case he worked on.
|
|
The plan is one of an increasing number of desegregation efforts around the city led by local education officials and parents.
|
|
The push for controlled choice in District 1 is one of numerous small-scale efforts at desegregation occurring across the city.
|
|
He has met with the city schools chancellor, Richard A. Carranza, and personally asked him to move faster on desegregation policies.
|
|
Board of Education, the landmark case that ended school desegregation and upheld our nation's most cherished values of equality and opportunity.
|
|
Clark didn't go that far, but he did express a certain skepticism about the wisdom and the prospects of school desegregation.
|
|
Efforts to enforce the Brown decision led to an increasing number of school desegregation orders in the late 1960s and 1970s.
|
|
Along with the desegregation orders came court decisions ruling that districts could not secede in an effort to get around Brown.
|
|
Much of this stems from a 1991 Supreme Court decision that changed the way desegregation measures were evaluated across the country.
|
|
It was through a combination of court-ordered desegregation orders and armed troops that black kids were sent to predominately white schools.
|
|
She was an organizer of the desegregation effort at the school, not one of the original black students who desegregated the school.
|
|
He drew the comparison between the gun-control fight and the fierce desegregation battle in the South in the 1950s and 1960s.
|
|
On Friday, a federal court ordered the Cleveland School District to merge four schools in order to achieve meaningful desegregation for students.
|
|
The city's majority black electorate and mostly African American political establishment could force the city's white residents into a school desegregation initiative.
|
|
Board of Education that separate schools for black and white children were unconstitutional, and near the height of desegregation in this country.
|
|
Except for a few remaining court-ordered desegregation programs, intentional integration almost never occurs unless it's in the interests of white students.
|
|
She grew up among white Mississippians who continued to resist desegregation by creating Mississippi's all-white segregation academies, designed to resist integration.
|
|
Shortly before the crisis in Little Rock, Eisenhower said that he could not imagine using federal troops to enforce a desegregation order.
|
|
We were home to the first organized bus boycott of the civil rights movement and the nation's longest-running school desegregation case.
|
|
For example, many suburban voters supported socially liberal agendas in Washington — but opposed affordable housing and school desegregation in their own communities.
|
|
Like everywhere else in Alabama, Jefferson County resisted desegregation with all it had: By 1965 not a single county school had desegregated.
|
|
Then Haikala wrote that if Gardendale splintered off, it would hurt the desegregation of the larger district, just as other secessions had.
|
|
In most of such cases, the military arrived at desegregation before other parts of the government and American society as a whole.
|
|
Board of Education desegregation decision to Chief Justice Warren's failure to know and follow God's word; Falwell also preached against racial intermarriage.
|
|
"I was in public school during desegregation," he said during a news conference, at which his discomfort discussing race showed at times.
|
|
Indeed, Dowell opened the door to dismantle desegregation efforts that some school districts had successfully achieved, putting them at risk for resegregation.
|
|
Biden forcefully opposed the government's role in trying to integrate schools, saying he favored desegregation, but believed busing did not achieve equal opportunity.
|
|
She argued that without proper oversight from the federal court system, she wrote, the burden of desegregation has fallen on to black communities.
|
|
Herman Talmadge -- both of whom opposed civil rights and desegregation -- as an example of how he could work with those he disagreed with.
|
|
Alvin, who recently wrote a cartoon-explainer on modern-day school segregation, points out that the landmark desegregation Supreme Court case Brown v.
|
|
Under desegregation, Boston Latin was ordered to make about a third of its entering class black or Hispanic, which essentially established a quota.
|
|
Harris received a bump in state and national polls following the first presidential debate in June, when she addressed Biden's record on desegregation.
|
|
But it is also true that desegregation accelerated a trend towards ever-greater teacher accreditation requirements that continued to disproportionately affect African-Americans.
|
|
To Daily Worker sportswriter Bill Mardo, Rickey was an opportunist who, nevertheless, fully supported desegregation and Robinson once he got behind the issue.
|
|
Today, we can see progress against bias in the rise of interracial marriages, the destigmatisation of sexual orientation and the desegregation of schools.
|
|
When a federal judge ordered the desegregation of Virginia schools, Governor Holton sent his children to Mosby Middle, an all-black public school.
|
|
Jones has the answer, in his chapters on church attitudes on desegregation in the 1950s and same-sex marriage half a century later.
|
|
It is always the same shameless playbook, replicated since Richard Nixon launched his racist Southern Strategy, stirring up fears on desegregation and busing.
|
|
In Education, much of the work is enforcing previously existing desegregation cases, so the drop in new filings may not be as significant.
|
|
It happened in 1969, Mr. Hudson's freshman year of high school and the first year of court-ordered desegregation for his school district.
|
|
Fortunately for him, a desegregation policy and a 2000-minute daily bus ride that gave him time to read helped to overcome it.
|
|
President Richard Nixon appointed four justices who joined with a fifth conservative justice to immediately begin ruling against the expansion of school desegregation.
|
|
His questions highlighted her experience with desegregation as one of the three black students allowed into a white high school in Aliceville, Ala.
|
|
In Lemon Grove, the middle school named its auditorium after Roberto Ricardo Alvarez, the 12-year-old lead plaintiff in the desegregation lawsuit.
|
|
Not since 23, when a federal lawsuit forced integration in Alabama, lawyers for the plaintiffs said, has a suit achieved statewide school desegregation.
|
|
But in the end, the plaintiffs and their experts could not supply the original-meaning support for desegregation the court was looking for.
|
|
The Brown decision came down in 1954, yet the Dallas public school system remained under a federal desegregation order from 1971 to 2003.
|
|
Two decades after Brown, in 1974, a separate SCOTUS ruling weakened some desegregation efforts, making it easier for the recent secessions to occur.
|
|
All the optimism of racial progress — from desegregation to integration to equality to something like true companionship — is stipulated by terms of service.
|
|
Here's how Matthew Delmont, a Dartmouth historian and author of Why Busing Failed: Race, Media, and the National Resistance to School Desegregation explained things in a 21975 Atlantic article on the history of opposition to busing in Boston: With busing, Northerners had found a palatable way to oppose desegregation without appealing to the explicitly racist sentiments they preferred to associate with Southerners.
|
|
He criticized the courts for using the terms desegregation and integration interchangeably, seeming to side with the very Supreme Court decision Warren wrote against.
|
|
As a child, Atkins was bused from his predominantly black neighborhood to a predominantly white middle school as part of a district desegregation initiative.
|
|
At the fundraiser Tuesday, Biden recalled being a member of the Senate in the 1970s with Southern Democrats who opposed civil rights and desegregation.
|
|
George Wallace, a Democrat at the time, infamously attempted to stop the desegregation of public schools after the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v.
|
|
The desegregation of public schools, the integration of public accommodations, voting rights and fair housing legislation have become rightfully celebrated symbols of racial progress.
|
|
Francis points to evidence that black leaders at the time didn't think of desegregation as the pivotal success that we see it as today.
|
|
Rather than grapple with these contradictions, our culture discusses and commemorates school desegregation since Brown almost entirely as a project to help black people.
|
|
From the lynching of Emmett Till to riots over desegregation at Ole Miss, it's a legacy that modern-day Mississippi wants to leave behind.
|
|
Alex Wilson, a reporter from the Tri-State Defender, is shoved by an angry white mob while covering the desegregation of Central High School.
|
|
The film highlights a debate over voting rights, which LBJ insists on taking out of the Civil Rights bill, and focusing instead on desegregation.
|
|
Biden and Harris sparred at the Miami debate in June over Biden's opposition as a senator to using busing as a tool for desegregation.
|
|
But while desegregation transformed America's education system, the way it was implemented by discriminatory school boards in the South was harmful to black teachers.
|
|
When Harris was asked about whether desegregation busing was necessary today, she told the Washington Post's Chelsea Janes that we don't need it now.
|
|
They engaged in sit-ins and other protests, but also looked beyond desegregation to voting rights as the ultimate vehicle for achieving equal opportunity.
|
|
The second is desegregation: the systems that specialise for particular functions as the brain develops become, in his words, "less different" from each other.
|
|
Ifill: DeVos has a lot to learn about education and race Sherrilyn Ifill writes on the anniversary of the landmark desegregation case Brown v.
|
|
Kennedy then met with his brother, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, to find other ways to help the federal courts enforce desegregation orders in Alabama.
|
|
He cited several studies on policies that he said would help low-income students more than desegregation would: pre-K, meditation, tutoring, school choice.
|
|
He threw himself into protests for the desegregation of Chicago public schools and led a sit-in on campus aimed at integrating university housing.
|
|
A generation ago, as the culture wars raged, Toni Morrison often stood at the front lines, demanding the desegregation of the American literary canon.
|
|
While many high schools in Arkansas chose not to integrate their athletic teams after desegregation, Hot Springs was one of the first that did.
|
|
The original language of the law also required communities to "affirmatively further" fair housing — to, in effect, promote desegregation in addition to prohibiting discrimination.
|
|
Bradley, which determined that districts that had segregated schools but did not intentionally separate students by race could not be forced into desegregation plans.
|
|
Ms. Berger, of the community education council, said that she hoped the desegregation plan would lead to more middle school choices for all students.
|
|
Not only did integration lead to student achievement gains, but, as Driver points out, desegregation has generally been popular where it was actually implemented.
|
|
The civil rights division of the Justice Department had been reinvigorated under President Obama and was actively trying to force compliance in desegregation cases.
|
|
Edwin Franco, 37, whose daughters go to school in Harlem, said that after years of hearing talk about desegregation, he was finally seeing action.
|
|
Other changes introduced in the last year are the right to play music in public and gender desegregation at sporting events and entertainment venues.
|
|
Under Mr. Phelps's leadership, The Globe won the Pulitzer Prize for public service in 286 for its coverage of Boston's tumultuous school desegregation dispute.
|
|
The second night, July 31, could generate another Harris-Biden clash, a month after Ms. Harris highlighted Mr. Biden's record on race and desegregation.
|
|
He pronounced it "dead as a doornail," proclaimed CORE "once and for all a black nationalist organization" and declared "all-out war" on desegregation.
|
|
At the school board meeting attended by about 300 people, Long recalled her time living in Virginia during desegregation while she was in college.
|
|
She also worked at the War Department, where she pushed for desegregation of the graves of servicemen who were buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
|
|
He compared efforts to nullify the Supreme Court's desegregation orders to "a hound dog baying at the moon and claiming it's got the moon treed".
|
|
Republicans have famously appealed to this principle when attempting to stop federal laws that might protect the poor and disadvantaged, most notably to fight desegregation.
|
|
"He joined multiple desegregation lawsuits while serving as a U.S. Attorney, protecting the civil rights of students seeking equal educational opportunity," Scott said about Sessions.
|
|
In an era of deeply entrenched housing segregation, court-ordered and voluntary busing policies offered one avenue of remediation to the nation's school desegregation crisis.
|
|
Nashville slow walked the formulation of a desegregation plan only after the insistence of a federal district judge, about three years after the Brown vs.
|
|
In a press conference last month, he compared his decision in the Turner case to the Supreme Court's decision on school desegregation in Brown v.
|
|
Detroit and Grosse Pointe were both named in a Supreme Court case decided in 1974 that said desegregation couldn't be forced across school district borders.
|
|
"The delay in desegregation has deprived generations of students of the constitutionally guaranteed right of an integrated education," Brown said in a 96-page opinion.
|
|
In the 1970s, Biden's home state of Delaware was embroiled in a fight over whether it should use "busing" to encourage desegregation at public schools.
|
|
She has also been under intense scrutiny for having graduated from a white private school that was founded after court-ordered desegregation of public schools.
|
|
Participants studied a comic book called Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story, which outlines King's strategy of nonviolent action as a tool for desegregation.
|
|
It does not identify the valedictorians, but CNN is naming them as they both spoke to its reporters last year about the federal desegregation order.
|
|
The Justice Department is still monitoring and enforcing 178 open federal desegregation court cases, many originating 30 or 40 years ago, the G.A.O. report noted.
|
|
Later, she served at the Louisiana Department of Education and the Recovery School District working on school turnaround policy, enrollment, desegregation policy and portfolio planning.
|
|
With desegregation, Touré told me, "we start saying, 'Oh, we can now go into these other neighborhoods,' " leaving behind the poor and working-class people.
|
|
Draft a new Civil Rights Act that focuses on modern areas of concern with public accommodations, environmental justice, and the desegregation of cities and schools.
|
|
Seattle School District No. 22017, he was the swing vote behind a ruling holding that Seattle, Washington, and Louisville, Kentucky's voluntary desegregation programs were unconstitutional.
|
|
His son, E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., also had an illustrious legal career, playing a crucial backstage role in the Supreme Court's unanimous school-desegregation decision.
|
|
But in September 2009, a federal judge ended a desegregation consent decree with the Department of Justice, prompting a radical revamp of the admissions process.
|
|
In 1948, President Harry S. Truman banned racial discrimination in the military under an executive order that led to full desegregation of the armed forces.
|
|
A 1986 court ruling by U.S. District Judge Robert R. Merhige Jr., a champion of desegregation, abolished those systems in Blackstone and other nearby towns.
|
|
Boston wrestled with significant civil unrest arising from school desegregation in the 1970s, and the Red Sox were the last major league team to integrate.
|
|
He argued that white communities should not be able to secede from districts placed under school desegregation orders in order to avoid integrating their schools.
|
|
In 2009, the county reached a landmark desegregation agreement forcing it to develop hundreds of affordable housing units under the oversight of a federal monitor.
|
|
"All kinds of desegregation have occurred in sports, TV, entertainment, literature, but not in housing," he said in July in an interview for this obituary.
|
|
But despite initial wariness, desegregation also provided the beginning of a decades-long bond between a coach and a player that belied the Southern archetype.
|
|
In the town of Clarksdale, a couple tell her that, although they very much approve of desegregation, they simply have not been given enough notice.
|
|
During the North Carolina campaign stop, Buttigieg said that he had wrongly assumed in the past that desegregation had been successful in his city's schools.
|
|
However, the court said Tuesday that Gardendale could still secede in the future if it did not go against the Jefferson County Board's desegregation efforts.
|
|
Seattle School District No. 1, he was the swing vote behind a ruling holding that Seattle, Washington, and Louisville, Kentucky's voluntary desegregation programs were unconstitutional.
|
|
The Jackson Free Press revealed Hyde-Smith graduated from a "seg academy": an all-white school that was set up to circumvent federal desegregation mandates.
|
|
The organizers never made overt racial arguments, but they were reacting to a system set up by a 1971 desegregation order to create more racial balance.
|
|
From abortion rights to marriage equality and desegregation, Justice Scalia opposed much of the social and political progress of the late 20th century and this one.
|
|
In the 1950s and 1960s, he opposed desegregation of public schools, the Civil Rights Acts of 19803 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
|
|
Kamala Harris confronted him at the first Democratic debate about his comments on working with segregationist senators, as well as his past opposition to desegregation busing.
|
|
But language that mostly bars the use of federal funds for transportation costs related to desegregation efforts is still on the books, as Politico recently reported.
|
|
Neo-Nazi John Patler marches on his own to protest the desegregation of schools as a crowd of people watches in Englewood, New Jersey, on Aug.
|
|
Desegregation was a huge boon to school resources because it forced school districts to integrate not just the children, but educational services and facilities as well.
|
|
Like an earlier nominee for the post, Lani Guinier, Lee faced opposition over his support for affirmative action, as well as his views on school desegregation.
|
|
This meant that these borders between districts could be used as political fences — an analogy Justice Thurgood Marshall used in his dissent — to resist desegregation efforts.
|
|
Much has been written about the decline of Auburn Avenue after desegregation, which led families and businesses to leave the neighborhood, and its struggle to rebuild.
|
|
Board of Education requiring the desegregation of public schools, the Supreme Court declared that it was the "supreme" interpreter of all things constitutional in our system.
|
|
A 2011 Stanford University study showed that a wave of resegregation has flowed across the South as courts have released school districts from their desegregation orders.
|
|
Aware that moving too quickly could provoke violence in the South, they determined that "separate but equal" schools were unconstitutional but did not order immediate desegregation.
|
|
Before they adjourn on Wednesday, lawmakers have the chance to address several outstanding bills, including on such hot-button topics like school desegregation and sports betting.
|
|
Seybourn H. Lynne, a federal judge and a native Alabamian, reluctantly placed Jefferson County under a desegregation order that used an ineffective freedom-of-choice plan.
|
|
Next came the stories about Hyde-Smith attending and graduating from a "seg academy": all-white schools that were set up to circumvent federal desegregation mandates.
|
|
At seventeen, Tyler was sentenced to death, after a jury convicted him of shooting a white classmate who had been protesting the desegregation of his school.
|
|
Think of school desegregation orders that required busing, or funding requirements to turn prisons that looked like plantations into prisons that looked more like, well, prisons.
|
|
Board of Education, the East Baton Rouge Parish School System had been subject to the longest-running desegregation order in the country, which lasted until 2003.
|
|
In 1963, when a federal court ordered the desegregation of the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, that state's governor, George Wallace, planned to defy the order.
|
|
Those cases paved the way for the desegregation of the city's streetcars while helping to earn Pleasant recognition as the "mother of civil rights" in California.
|
|
At the same time, Mr. Dingell appeased some liberals by supporting civil rights legislation, though he opposed expanding school desegregation to Detroit suburbs via mandatory busing.
|
|
But it now seems that without remedies like wide-scale busing or school zones drawn deliberately to integrate students, school desegregation will remain out of reach.
|
|
Biden further explained that he supported desegregation by any legal means at hand -- including busing in cases where a school district has upheld racially segregated district lines.
|
|
And Harris struggled to articulate her own position of desegregation busing, which the Biden campaign seized on to try to undercut her attack on the Democratic frontrunner.
|
|
The NAACP's focus on education brought about some of the most important civil rights advances of the 20th century, including the landmark school desegregation case Brown v.
|
|
While the report blames the trend since 1991 on an increasingly conservative U.S. Supreme Court approving the termination of desegregation plans, local variables play roles as well.
|
|
Students who were educated in districts under court-ordered desegregation got a better quality education than those in the control group, which translated into significant educational gains.
|
|
After facing criticism over his remarks on desegregation and busing in the 1970s, Biden now calls for the Education Department to create grants to help schools diversify.
|
|
Earlier this year a long struggle over school desegregation in Cleveland, 75 miles north, reached a well-publicised conclusion—but, in places, de facto separation is routine.
|
|
In 1975, shortly after Boston residents protested and rioted over the city's desegregation order, Biden came out in favor of an amendment introduced by North Carolina Sen.
|
|
If the photos were taken in the United States, this was around the time of the Supreme Court's landmark 1954 ruling that led to desegregation in schools.
|
|
A research group at MIT found in 2017 that only two years into AFFH, the rule had supported more ambitious desegregation plans in almost every participating municipality.
|
|
When the Supreme Court unanimously decided in Brown more than six decades ago, the justices surely didn't anticipate desegregation followed by intense re-segregation and self-segregation.
|
|
Sessions voted in favor of extending the Civil Rights Act, and his defenders have noted that he filed multiple desegregation lawsuits as a U.S. attorney in Alabama.
|
|
Conservative Christians have supported vouchers since the 1970s, after desegregation and Supreme Court decisions on school prayer and Bible reading led to a backlash against public schools.
|
|
What happened in San Francisco suggests that without remedies like wide-scale busing, or school zones drawn deliberately to integrate, school desegregation will remain out of reach.
|
|
P.S. His son, E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., also had an illustrious legal career, including playing a crucial backstage role in the Supreme Court's unanimous school-desegregation decision.
|
|
Its lyrics balk at the then-popular refrain to "go slow" on movements like desegregation and reunification, and they speak out about everyday injustices black people face.
|
|
As New York City's middle schools emerge as the focus of desegregation attempts, a report released Wednesday highlights just how much work there is to be done.
|
|
By then, he had called for or accepted desegregation of institutions under federal control — including the public schools in Washington, D.C., and the schools on military bases.
|
|
As a student at Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan, he circulated a petition in 1957 calling for school desegregation and joined a civil rights march on Washington.
|
|
It was a relationship I learned about as a sports reporter for The New York Times while examining the 50th anniversary of desegregation at my high school.
|
|
Ms. Markle's desegregation of the royal family gives us a unique opportunity to examine the contributions and experiences of black people on both sides of the Atlantic.
|
|
While there are accounts of Mr. Biden participating in a few desegregation events, he has also said he would not consider himself an activist in the movement.
|
|
How can we talk about the impact of desegregation and say that people of all races are treated as equals when situations like this are still commonplace?
|
|
The high school, in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, is now at the center of a push for large-scale desegregation that Mr. de Blasio's administration has not endorsed.
|
|
And white Americans began to withdraw from public schools or move away from school districts with large numbers of black children once the courts started mandating desegregation.
|
|
Progressives deplored the South's "massive resistance" to federal desegregation efforts; they viewed Jefferson as a flawed slaveholder and states' rights as the enemy of liberty and equality.
|
|
In the past, cities have been allowed to split from Jefferson County if they still abided by the desegregation order until the city became nondiscriminatory, AL.com reported.
|
|
That is the type of desegregation method Ms. Harris experienced as a child, and Mr. Biden's position is not a shift: He has never opposed voluntary busing.
|
|
That is the type of desegregation method Ms. Harris experienced as a child, and Mr. Biden's position is not a shift: He has never opposed voluntary busing.
|
|
Mr. Trump's coalition is also more likely to disagree with the desegregation of the military (which was ordered in 1948 by Harry Truman) than other candidates' supporters are.
|
|
Biden's apology and defense of his record comes after Harris confronted Biden at the first Democratic debate, pushing him on whether he was wrong to oppose desegregation busing.
|
|
She characterized herself as a little girl who was part of the second racially integrated class at Berkeley, California public schools, desegregation made possible by legally sanctioned busing.
|
|
As he sought to move beyond desegregation and the right to vote, to focus his work on economic justice, antimilitarism and human rights, the system pushed back hard.
|
|
Well, Aaron Persky is back in the news because he is comparing the backlash to his absurdly lenient decision to how unpopular — wait for it — school desegregation was.
|
|
The Republican takeover of the South is understood by scholars as a reaction to whites' sense of betrayal after the Democratic push for desegregation under President Lyndon Johnson.
|
|
The senator from California criticized former Vice President Joe Biden — the primary's early frontrunner — over his record on race and the desegregation of school busing in personal terms.
|
|
But rather than busing serving as the fast-acting first step to an ongoing process of desegregation, it turned out to be something of a political dead end.
|
|
In its literature, the CAJP held that Jewish people were "behind race mixing," arguing that Jews were secretly the driving force behind desegregation efforts led by the NAACP.
|
|
Best Sports Movie: "Remember the Titans" Denzel Washington stars in this iconic film about the 1971 court-mandated desegregation of Virginia high schools, portraying football coach Herman Boone.
|
|
The opposition group, Howard County Families for Education Improvement, has an approach that appears carefully crafted to distinguish itself from decades of past resistance to school desegregation plans.
|
|
"'Stay off our turf' — that's not a winning strategy," said Craig Gurian, executive director of the center, which won a landmark desegregation settlement with Westchester County in 2009.
|
|
The ruling has quite literally touched the lives of every single American, providing the legal basis not just for the desegregation of our schools but all public life.
|
|
Surveys during the civil rights era found that many white people supported desegregation privately but opposed it publicly, because they thought all the other white people opposed it.
|
|
The work questions if desegregation has led to some degree of racial equality while suggesting that discrimination still presents real dangers to the lives of people of color.
|
|
DISTRICT 6, MANHATTAN'S UPPER WEST SIDE — HELEN ROSENTHAL The incumbent, who valorously supported a school desegregation plan for her district in the face of opposition from various interests.
|
|
School secessions, at least in the South, trace their roots to the arsenal of tools that white communities deployed to resist the desegregation mandate of the Brown ruling.
|
|
Board of Education, the Jefferson County school district officials were forced to adopt a true desegregation plan, one that rezoned black and white students to the same schools.
|
|
Policies aimed at the desegregation of schools and housing are rejected because they imply that blacks are inferior and need whites to learn how to create viable communities.
|
|
After that 1969 season, Coach Nagata and Edmund Saucier, the Eunice High School principal, asked Darrel and other black players to speak candidly about their experiences with desegregation.
|
|
He presided over one milestone achievement: overseeing the dismissal by a federal judge of the 47-year-old school desegregation order in St. Landry Parish in September 2150.
|
|
The Supreme Court would outline the process of school desegregation in Brown II in 1955, but it would take years for schools across the nation to fully comply.
|
|
Westminster school desegregation case with her producing partner, Mandy Teefey, who — along with her daughter Selena Gomez — produced the controversial Netflix show about teen suicide, 13 Reasons Why.
|
|
Although desegregation is seldom mentioned in the same breath as Head Start or Medicaid, it belongs high among strategies that can help to derail the cycle of poverty.
|
|
New Jersey's governor, Philip D. Murphy, declined to comment on the suit itself, but his press secretary, Dan Bryan, said that Mr. Murphy was "deeply committed" to desegregation.
|
|
Very little in his Post work had prepared his audience for how unambiguously and provocatively he declared himself on the subject of desegregation in his Look magazine debut.
|
|
The funding increase in Arizona will come in part from a new vehicle registration fee and a change in the way some school desegregation efforts are paid for.
|
|
Specifically, the government charged that the company had violated the Fair Housing Act—a landmark piece of legislation passed in 1968, partly in tribute to King's desegregation work.
|
|
King was instrumental in guiding Kennedy toward his awakening on civil rights -- a transformation that was crucial to desegregation and the eventual passage of landmark civil rights legislation.
|
|
Former President Bill Clinton said he'll never forget the first time he saw Graham: 60 years ago at Little Rock, Arkansas, during the push for desegregation in schools.
|
|
Eventually, her most memorable moment — her exchange with Biden in the June debate over busing for school desegregation — turned into a mess when Harris flubbed the follow-through.
|
|
Several laws the commission cited for repeal relate to education and Virginia's fight in the mid- to late 22019s to reject federal mandated school desegregation, the outlet noted.
|
|
A few studies conducted soon after desegregation began did not show a marked increase in black achievement, and detractors pointed to them as further evidence of the failure.
|
|
A few studies conducted soon after desegregation began did not show a marked increase in black achievement, and detractors pointed to them as further evidence of the failure.
|
|
It is currently named after Senator Richard Russell Jr., a senator from Georgia who served for almost 40 years, but was also a racist who fought against desegregation.
|
|
The Montgomery Bus Boycott started in 1955 with Rosa Parks's civil disobedience — attempting to sit in the front of a segregated bus — and ended with bus desegregation in 1956.
|
|
These traditionally Republican suburbs, which swelled in the 1960s with conservative whites fleeing heavily African-American Richmond during the struggle over public school desegregation, are now moderate and multihued.
|
|
Marshaling data from across the country, Johnson argues that money (particularly when spent on reducing class size and hiring better teachers) and desegregation need to be deployed in tandem.
|
|
The following year, the now-defunct state Board of Education implemented its first desegregation rule, which said schools' student bodies had to roughly match the makeup of their district.
|
|
Board declared separate schools unequal, striking down the laws that forced black and white children to attend different schools, and sparking an era of mandatory desegregation efforts like busing.
|
|
A new paper by Owen Thompson, an economist at Williams College, shows there was a dramatic decline in the employment of African-American teachers in the aftermath of desegregation.
|
|
That particular characteristic was on clear display during the June Democratic debates, when Harris confronted Biden about his record on desegregation busing and work alongside segregationists in the Senate.
|
|
Biden gets a second chance at debating Harris, who put him on the defensive in the first debate over his opposition to federally mandated desegregation busing in the 1970s.
|
|
The black girl is Elizabeth Eckford, one of nine African-American students who were supposed to be entering Little Rock Central High School together at the start of desegregation.
|
|
Biden has also been under increased scrutiny in recent weeks over his past opposition to desegregation busing, which resulted in a viral moment when his fellow presidential candidate, Sen.
|
|
Catto fought for and won the desegregation of Philadelphia's horse-drawn trolley cars in 1869, and was murdered on his way to vote on election day two years later.
|
|
Though anti-lynching legislation died in Congress and the poll tax was deemed a constitutional issue, Truman could act on the desegregation of the armed forces on his own.
|
|
For many blacks, its approach was just more of that Faulkner jazz about going "slow," which Baldwin took apart in his 1956 essay "Faulkner and Desegregation": When Faulkner speaks . . .
|
|
P.S.• We're listening to "The Daily." busing as a tool of school desegregation in the U.S.• Here's today's Mini Crossword puzzle, and a clue: subway map dot (four letters).
|
|
But she had grown dissatisfied with how some white parents fixated on dual-language programs as a benefit for their children, not as a community-bonding measure toward desegregation.
|
|
Conversely, he was critical of the NAACP, the organization responsible for school desegregation, that produced Rosa Parks, and that was instrumental to the passage of the Civil Rights Act.
|
|
Today, he cites the Gurney vote in defending his record on school desegregation, insisting that he backs busing to eliminate intentional "de jure" segregation, but not "de facto" segregation.
|
|
Today, he cites the Gurney vote in defending his record on school desegregation, insisting that he backs busing to eliminate intentional "de jure" segregation, but not "de facto" segregation.
|
|
It was a racial assault so vicious that it became one of the early chords of the civil rights movement, and led to the desegregation of the military. Sgt.
|
|
The video touches on a few moments from the event's history, including the desegregation of the event under the Eisenhower administration and why the event no longer uses real eggs.
|
|
According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, fear of socialism and a panic by Southern Democrats that a nationalized health care system would require desegregation ultimately thwarted the health care efforts.
|
|
But opponents of busing, many of whom were also opponents of school desegregation, argued that children were being transported to unsafe neighborhoods and objected to the long commutes children experienced.
|
|
While the ruling showed promise for the future of the US's educational system, implementing desegregation would not come easy for towns that had existed for decades under sharp racial divisions.
|
|
" Biden, at the event, also said that Talmadge, an opponent of desegregation, was "one of the meanest guys I ever knew, you go down the list of all these guys.
|
|
But in the late 1960s and through the 1970s, many busing orders were mandated by courts after civil rights groups like the NAACP filed — and later won — school desegregation lawsuits.
|
|
The discovery led Jackson to use the properties of color perception as an aesthetic strategy for investigating the history of American school desegregation and the contemporary resegregation of public space.
|
|
Gregory was arrested several times for taking part in demonstrations in the 1960s, befriending the late Martin Luther King Jr. as he used his fame to help push for desegregation.
|
|
Such choice-expanding policies have followed a wide range of plans, and the desegregation impact of school choice will naturally depend on the design of the particular program under consideration.
|
|
The case is one of 177 school desegregation cases in which the Department of Justice is currently a plaintiff — a reflection of the continuing struggle to comply with Brown v.
|
|
Pride movements were the psycho-emotional equivalents of the anti-discrimination and desegregation laws that asserted the rights of full citizenship to women, gay people, racial minorities and other groups.
|
|
But by the late 21964s, the climate in the nation's capital was changing faster than that in his hometown, Birmingham, where resistance to desegregation was not only respectable but legal.
|
|
"A desegregation plan can only be effective if the problem is viewed as a whole, and one that is not formulated to the total exclusion of Asian-Americans," he said.
|
|
Statistics like these are no surprise after decades of court rulings that released school districts from desegregation orders, and there is no consensus among education advocates about how to respond.
|
|
The towering figures of individual soldiers and monuments in public squares generally came later, historians say, during the rise of Jim Crow laws and subsequently during a backlash against desegregation.
|
|
Desegregation by federal mandate was approaching belatedly and nervously in my rural hometown on the Cajun prairie, two and a half hours west of New Orleans in St. Landry Parish.
|
|
I am confident that, even if HUD moves forward with this new plan, the fundamental challenges underpinning the housing shortage will remain — and desegregation efforts will have been needlessly impeded.
|
|
Amy Stuart Wells, a professor of education and sociology at Columbia University Teachers College, said she was disappointed that the Education Department was not taking a bolder approach to desegregation.
|
|
The county's schools were still segregated despite the Supreme Court ruling that had struck down the practice in 1954, and a federal lawsuit accused the school board of delaying desegregation.
|
|
His oversight of the Buffalo desegregation overlapped with a lawsuit over Occidental's responsibility for cleaning long-disposed chemical wastes at the Love Canal landfill, one of America's worst environmental disasters.
|
|
Al Franken (D-Minn.) accused Sessions of misrepresenting his record, raising questions about whether Sessions actually prosecuted the 20 or 30 desegregation cases he claimed to in a 2009 interview.
|
|
The rally was a "fundraiser to help pay for white children in Carroll County to attend a private all-white school and evade a federal desegregation order," the suit claims.
|
|
" Blumenthal continued to press Gorsuch during a second round of questioning Wednesday on the landmark desegregation decision, demanding to know, "Why will you not say you agree with the result?
|
|
For black students, this desegregation also allowed them to access better resources, and also fueled "dramatic improvements in educational attainment, earnings and health status" according to UC Berkeley's Rucker Johnson.
|
|
We now know that school desegregation significantly reduced the test-score gap between black and white children — cutting it in half for some black age groups without harming white children.
|
|
We now know that school desegregation significantly reduced the test-score gap between black and white children — cutting it in half for some black age groups without harming white children.
|
|
The civil rights laws created a backlash among Southern white Democratic conservatives and Northern working-class whites who were most directly affected by urban riots, and housing and school desegregation.
|
|
Progressives have long been skeptical of federalism, with the role that "states' rights" played in the resistance to the civil rights act and desegregation typically featuring prominently in their criticism.
|
|
And the fact that he joined white conservatives to oppose a desegregation policy isn't a good look — especially if some Democratic viewers are learning about it for the first time.
|
|
Several campaigns and strategists told Axios they see an opportunity to damage Biden and boost their own fortunes as Harris did when she hit Biden on desegregation in the first debate.
|
|
A 2017 lawsuit made similar claims For decades, the school district had fought the 1965 desegregation lawsuit, filed 11 years after the historic 1954 US Supreme Court ruling in Brown vs.
|
|
Developing a reasonable expertise in something, from US-China relations to renewable energy to school desegregation to fashion trends in Italy to terraforming Mars, requires no magic or secret guild training.
|
|
Aaron Persky, the judge who handed down the controversial six-month sentence for the sexual assault conviction of former Stanford swimmer Brock Turner, compared his decision to school desegregation on Tuesday.
|
|
But in her ruling, Judge Haikala still allowed Gardendale and its mostly white residents to secede from the Jefferson County District, as long as they followed a three-year desegregation plan.
|
|
"I would like to see this lead to the desegregation of our schools," said Diwin O'Neal Daley, a plaintiff in the case and the father of two Minneapolis public school children.
|
|
Then Harris went after him for his comments about working with segregationist senators — calling them "hurtful" to her as a black woman — and his record on the desegregation of student busing.
|
|
Though the Civil Rights Act of 22019 made it easier for the federal government to enforce desegregation by withholding funds from counties that refused to comply, Sumter somehow avoided the mandate.
|
|
He pointed to George Wallace, the 1968 third-party presidential candidate who fiercely opposed desegregation, as the closest example of a major political figure campaigning on racial resentment in recent decades.
|
|
"A university is in large part defined by those intangible 'qualities which are incapable of objective measurement but which make for greatness,'" Justice Kennedy wrote, quoting from a landmark desegregation case.
|
|
The federal government had only incremental success at first — though a Georgia congressman, Phil M. Landrum, demanded Dr. Seeley's removal on the grounds that he was going too fast on desegregation.
|
|
In his speech before the teachers union, Biden addressed the "systemic racism" in schools that limits children's education and also called for reinstating Department of Education guidance for schools pursuing desegregation.
|
|
Desegregation led to higher income, more years of education and better health outcomes for blacks, and integration also reduced racial prejudice among whites, according to studies by the economist Rucker Johnson.
|
|
Collectively, the new polls suggest that Ms. Harris benefited from an exchange with Mr. Biden during the debate on Thursday in which she highlighted his record on school busing and desegregation.
|
|
New Orleans public schools began desegregation in 1960, spurring white-led riots and a mass exodus of white families in the 1960s and 1970s to private schools and suburban public schools.
|
|
Shanker and Rustin also thought it was important to fight for integrated schools and noted that "community control" was originally the slogan adopted by white parents in Queens who opposed desegregation.
|
|
"We don't need someone who voted for the Iraq War, for mass incarceration, and for the Bankruptcy Reform Act while voting against gay marriage, reproductive rights, and school desegregation," she wrote.
|
|
"Where you want to make an impact is with the broader system," said Matt Gonzales, director of the School Diversity Project at New York Appleseed, a group that focuses on desegregation.
|
|
The state's Department of Education proposed taking over the district last year after finding myriad problems, from financial mismanagement to flaws in the desegregation program, known as the student assignment plan.
|
|
A panel commissioned by Mr. de Blasio to study desegregation policies recommended that the city not open any new screened high schools and eliminate most academic screens for middle school admissions.
|
|
In response, President Eisenhower dispatched federal troops to escort the so-called "Little Rock Nine" into class, and images of the drama helped draw national attention to the fight for desegregation.
|
|
He concluded that the Board of Education was a "pathological bureaucracy" intent on perpetuating the status quo that sabotaged the open enrollment program intended to foster desegregation and preserved ethnic hegemony.
|
|
The 12-foot-tall bronze is at the center of a memorial that honors his extensive contributions, from rallying for the desegregation of street cars, to establishing African American baseball clubs.
|
|
Before the Supreme Court mandated school desegregation, schools for African American children often had meager resources compared to those white children attended, which in turn created racial gaps in achievement and opportunities.
|
|
In cases where a school system has been racially segregated by gerrymandering district lines or by other legalistic means, Biden said he supported desegregation by any legal means at hand -- including busing.
|
|
The clash between Joe Biden and Kamala Harris over desegregation busing programs that Biden opposed in the 1970s brought more heat than any other single incident across four hours of Democratic debating.
|
|
It's easy to explain how school choice policies promote school desegregation; they break the connection between location on a map and assigned school, a connection that has systematically disadvantaged students of color.
|
|
Melton McLaurin, a historian at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, notes that this particular "rearguard action" resembles opposition to racial desegregation in emphasising the supposed endangerment of women and children.
|
|
Even after the SCOTUS ruling, there was a strong opposition to desegregation, and the Governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, ordered the state's national guard to bar the students' entry into the school.
|
|
With cases around affirmative action, around women's health care, around desegregation of voting rights, sitting before the court, there is no doubt that who those justices are will impact our everyday lives.
|
|
We have a "colorblind Constitution," Justice Clarence Thomas asserted nine years ago, at the dawn of the Obama era, as he joined the court's conservative majority to strike down school-desegregation plans.
|
|
But even if charter schools and voucher programs were shown to have better results of desegregation than traditional district schools, it wouldn't suddenly change these same opponents to champions of school choice.
|
|
Some of these parents helped force the most comprehensive local desegregation policy yet: the elimination of screened middle schools in Brooklyn's District 15, which includes upper-middle-class neighborhoods like Park Slope.
|
|
And 50 years after the Fair Housing Act was passed, many communities have made little progress toward desegregation, while some programs funded with federal support have had the effect of reinforcing segregation.
|
|
President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the 101st Airborne Division to escort the students to school, making Little Rock the first public school to implement desegregation as brought on by the Brown v.
|
|
The schools chancellor Richard A. Carranza, has already approved the desegregation plan on the Upper West Side and has indicated that he will approve one for District 15, which includes Park Slope.
|
|
Less than a decade after school desegregation began in earnest, the country had already grown weary of the Civil Rights movement, as had the courts, especially the highest one in the land.
|
|
A few years before he died in 2007, he was visited by a group of Charlottesville junior high school students who had been assigned the job of interviewing him about desegregation times.
|
|
In Lee's only other novel, "Go Set a Watchman," published in 2015 but written before "Mockingbird," Finch is depicted as a bigot and racist who opposed desegregation efforts in the United States.
|
|
Ms. Lodder told the Los Angeles radio station KCRW that Ms. Everts Mykytyn had been adept at allaying white parents' fears about enrolling their children in schools for the sake of desegregation.
|
|
Al Sampson, who was ordained by King and worked with him on education and desegregation efforts and as his national housing director, said he thinks parts of King's legacy have been sanitized.
|
|
And as Washington Post Supreme Court reporter Robert Barnes notes, there were billboards across the south during the 1950s calling for the impeachment of Justice Earl Warren following several rulings on desegregation.
|
|
The school district itself was created by a federal desegregation order intended to counteract racial discrimination in the electoral process in the area, ten years after the Voting Rights Act was signed.
|
|
Under the DOJ's plan for integration, which was developed with the help of experts in school desegregation and approved by the court, the district's high schools and middle schools will be consolidated.
|
|
The court's ruling will result in the immediate and effective desegregation of the district's middle school and high school program for the first time in the district's more than century-long history.
|
|
In 21999, the schools reached a Desegregation Settlement Agreement allowing African-American students to transfer into primarily white suburban school districts and for non-African-American students to attend St. Louis schools.
|
|
"It has been black parents, children, and organizations committed to desegregation who have shouldered the major part of the burden...Clearly, the burden for enforcing the Brown right has been misplaced," Warren wrote.
|
|
Sometimes it's the racism of middle-class white liberals who fervently oppose school desegregation efforts in major cities under the belief that the presence of black children would result in plummeting school quality.
|
|
Macon County Board of Education, was later expanded to include all of Alabama's public schools and universities and led to a blanket desegregation order that was upheld by the United States Supreme Court.
|
|
In 1997, to mark the 40th anniversary of the desegregation of the school, the women met in person and were again photographed by Counts, this time as symbols of racial healing and togetherness.
|
|
In contrast to its halting approach on school desegregation, the Supreme Court took a firmer stand on the civil rights laws barring discrimination on the basis of race in employment and public accommodations.
|
|
A. I grew up in Charlotte, N.C. The year I was born, the school system had just been through a major desegregation case that legitimized busing as a means of implementing Brown v.
|
|
There were uneasy feelings, too, among some classmates when black students started being bused to their mostly white middle school campus because of a desegregation program that had stemmed from a court case.
|
|
That court had been friendly to towns trying to secede, and the new school board apparently considered the desegregation order so inconsequential that it did not inform its new superintendent that it existed.
|
|
All agreed that splitting off would harm the desegregation efforts of Jefferson County, the second-largest school system in the state, by taking away a significant percentage of the white children that remained.
|
|
"Gardendale schools are racially diverse institutions in an otherwise white enclave in large part because zoning and desegregation transfer opportunities permit other Jefferson County students to attend the schools," the appeals court said.
|
|
Desegregation in the South and immigration in the West added a pool of productive workers, while investment flowed in to take advantage of their cheaper labor force and the virtual absence of unions.
|
|
It points to an effort in Hartford, stemming from a 282 desegregation lawsuit, that created clusters of magnet schools so attractive that suburban children are bused into inner-city Hartford to attend them.
|
|
The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in favor of Boston, which resisted the desegregation effort on the grounds that adequate provisions had been made for black students in the form of separate schools.
|
|
Devlin, a historian at Rutgers, cites Carr's case as one of the first of nearly a dozen that went to court before the N.A.A.C.P. resolved to tackle the contentious matter of school desegregation.
|
|
Revive HUD's efforts to enforce progress on housing desegregation (under its Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing rule) and ensure people's right to challenge discriminatory policies in the courts (under its disparate impact rule). Yes.
|
|
The youngest of eight children, Curtis Pixley grew up in Langdon, then a working-class DC neighborhood comprised of black homeowners who moved in after desegregation and the white flight of the 1960s.
|
|
Biden, meantime, will face fresh scrutiny for his handling of the Anita Hill testimony — and for his positions, such as his support for the crime bill and opposition to busing for school desegregation.
|
|
Mr. Biden introduced another proposal in 1976 that blocked the Justice Department from seeking busing as a desegregation tool, and co-sponsored an amendment in 1977 that limited federal funding of busing efforts.
|
|
Federally enforced desegregation became such a sticking point in the South — which at the time was dominated by the Democratic Party — that it eventually led to the demise of the New Deal coalition.
|
|
In today's opinion, he went so far as to link the case to previous desegregation rulings, including quoting from a 1950 case that invalidated a Texas state law barring African Americans from law schools.
|
|
From Alabama Governor George Wallace's stance in the schoolhouse door and his proclamations of "segregation now, segregation forever" to Louise Day Hicks leading the Boston antibusing movement, the reaction to desegregation roiled American politics.
|
|
It was in the courtyard of this motel where, on May 10, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr held the press conference announcing the desegregation agreement with the city's white business leaders and officials.
|
|
The commemoration forces us to come to confront the measure of racial progress since the Brown Supreme Court desegregation decision and how far we still have to go to achieve racial justice in America.
|
|
"One thing that has led to greater racial tolerance in the past is elite consensuses from both Democrats and Republicans on things like biological equality of the races, interracial marriage, and desegregation," Tesler says.
|
|
The outcome is what you would expect: Before the federal government forced desegregation in hospitals, more than six times as many Black babies were dying of diarrhea and pneumonia than white infants in Mississippi.
|
|
The current voting system was created in 1975 by a federal desegregation order, but the judge said it now dilutes the black vote by having residents cast their votes district-wide rather than locally.
|
|
Most Americans probably do not know that the nation's first successful school desegregation case centered on Mexican-Americans in San Diego in 1931, or that Latinos fought on both sides during the Civil War.
|
|
Bernie Sanders has released an education plan that addresses desegregation, creating a federal grant program to support magnet schools and saying he'll focus on appointing judges who will enforce the 1964 Civil Right Act.
|
|
It suggests that Biden's view — that desegregation is an important goal, but the federal government should only intervene in cases of segregation deliberately created by policy — might not be a problem for many voters.
|
|
Perhaps most worrisome for Harris is that her support among African Americans doesn't seem to have risen much as you might have thought after going after Biden on his 1970s opposition to desegregation busing.
|
|
Board of Education school desegregation case—the Wholesale Liquor Salesman Union, Local No. 2, had repeatedly been asked, by those and other salesmen, to integrate the corps of those licensed to peddle alcoholic beverages.
|
|
For more than half a century, Judge Jack B. Weinstein was the quintessential activist jurist, using his longtime perch on the federal bench in Brooklyn to champion causes like gun control and school desegregation.
|
|
And while the benefits of desegregation are most profound for black and Latino low-income students, diversity also helps white students by exposing them to children of different socioeconomic backgrounds and broadening their perspectives.
|
|
A former paratrooper who was among the first black soldiers at Fort Bragg, N.C., after the desegregation of the military, Mayes died on Monday, his first Veterans Day since the Army granted his appeal.
|
|
"I'd been waiting to hear those words from a mainstream political candidate all my life," said Gerald Martin, a retired public-school teacher from Dallas who grew up in a family that opposed desegregation.
|
|
He spent most of his almost two years in the service assigned to a regimental band that had historically been black; President Harry S. Truman's desegregation of the military was slowly integrating the unit.
|
|
After multiple hearings, a new 10-year desegregation settlement agreement was created in 1999, and has been renewed multiple times through five-year extensions, with the next extension set to be renewed in 2019.
|
|
In 1967, he ran in the Republican primary for governor, losing narrowly to Louie B. Nunn, who made an issue of Mr. Cook's religion — he was a Roman Catholic — and his liberal policies on desegregation.
|
|
Matthew Delmont, author of "Why Busing Failed: Race, Media and the National Resistance to School Desegregation," said many white parents outside the South didn't want their kids to share classrooms with black and brown kids.
|
|
James Eastland of Mississippi and Herman Talmadge of Georgia, two Southern Democrats who opposed civil rights and desegregation, as examples of senators with whom he worked in the 1970s despite not agreeing with their views.
|
|
More, they were taken at the beginning of actual (as opposed to legal) desegregation, from 1957, until 1968, a little after Martin Luther King was assassinated, and many of these images had never published before.
|
|
He touted Hillary Clinton's work on school desegregation in Alabama with the Children's Defense Fund at age 27, saying she was instrumental to ending a practice that allowed white school leaders to exclude black students.
|
|
A few years earlier, my family had moved from a Jewish community in Long Island, NY to SC. It was the 70s in the South, where desegregation was still very much a work in progress.
|
|
Seattle School District No. 1, he was the swing vote behind a ruling holding that Seattle, Washington, and Louisville, Kentucky's voluntary desegregation programs were unconstitutional… He wrote the controlling opinion in 2014's Schuette v.
|
|
And asked about the time he was arrested while protesting for the desegregation of schools as a student at the University of Chicago, Sanders described how he got interested in politics in the first place.
|
|
Growing up on either side of their duplex, just three years apart in age, with the shared experience of attending mostly white schools through Boston's Metco desegregation program, Mosby and her cousin became extraordinarily close.
|
|
He voted multiple times for anti-busing legislation in the early 85033s, stating at the time that while he supported school desegregation, he opposed the federal government stepping in to force schools to integrate students.
|
|
In the 1960's, Cleveland was ripe with school desegregation protests that led to the arrests of many Black community members after being brutalized by white mobs in neighborhoods like Little Italy, as police watched.
|
|
He sees a fundamental difference between Christians who thought their religious freedom was trampled by desegregation and Christians who think their religious freedom is trampled when their business and charities have to serve gay people.
|
|
But the feared mandated desegregation did not occur, and so the other white towns stayed put until Clemon and the Legal Defense Fund secured the rezoning of the county's schools by court order in 123.
|
|
Gardendale's lawyers opened the trial, arguing first that Gardendale was not bound by the desegregation order at all because Jefferson County's schools had not been segregated for decades and so the order no longer mattered.
|
|
Board of Education decision, white Southerners opted for "massive resistance" — a phrase coined by former Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia to describe the determined and bitter campaign to prevent the desegregation of Southern society.
|
|
But it pointed out that the courts, the executive branch and the legislative branch had all been working to eliminate school desegregation; that concerted effort indicated that nondiscrimination in schools was a fundamental public policy.
|
|
The Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Colored People used that momentum in a number of campaigns that led to desegregation of workplaces in the province, according to the Canadian Museum for Human Rights.
|
|
When the decision was rendered nearly a year and a half later ruling that separate but equal was unconstitutional, large swaths of society celebrated what was most certainly a victory for desegregation efforts more broadly.
|
|
VerBruggen is pushing back against a narrative that most experts agree with, which says that America went through a period of desegregation from the 1950s through the 1980s but then backslid in the decades since.
|
|
She grew up in Las Vegas — the "most segregated town west of Mississippi" — and because the city is under a federal desegregation order, she was able to be bused to a magnet school as a kid.
|
|
Segregation and busing are not nearly as big an issue today as they were in the middle of the civil rights era (although there's data to suggest progress on desegregation has actually stalled in recent years).
|
|
The resegregation of America's public schools is due largely to two decades of Supreme Court rulings that all but ended mandatory desegregation plans, but it has not been helped by the growing movement toward school choice.
|
|
Views on desegregation not so black and white Sherry Shepard noted the settlement in the lawsuit filed last week, which alleges that her daughter, Jasmine, had to unfairly share the 2016 Cleveland High School valedictorian honors.
|
|
The Reagan judges set the nation on a path of less constitutional protection for women's reproductive rights and racial affirmative action and overall diminished courts' involvement in disputes over school desegregation, prison conditions and the environment.
|
|
In the 1940s, '50s and '60s, federal, state and local authorities callously stymied school desegregation efforts, while encouraging white flight to the suburbs and adopting housing policies that locked low-income people of color in Hartford.
|
|
While court-ordered and voluntary desegregation programs had helped to usher in school integration by 1987, those programs have since faded and schools in the metropolitan area are as segregated now as they were in 1965.
|
|
On this 70th anniversary of the military's desegregation, Truman and Trump serve as fitting bookends to several decades of racial progress, from Truman's leading-edge civil rights agenda to the racial backlash in our politics today.
|
|
In addition, poorly designed school-desegregation policies have scarred black students by focusing too narrowly on removing legal barriers to integration rather than creating inclusive school environments that value the abilities and dignity of all children.
|
|
The Southern Baptist Convention was in fact created in defense of slavery, and in 1947, most Southern state conventions of the SBC refused to support a moderately worded "charter of race relations" that supported desegregation efforts.
|
|
But the fact that Brown has overshadowed Briggs has also meant that Mr. De Laine, the man who did more than anyone else to bring about school desegregation in South Carolina, has been too often forgotten.
|
|
Yes. Is it fair to say that by setting your play in the military you were able to show both desegregation and the way in which black people interact with each other at the same time?
|
|
And Montague Cobb really wanted to change that, so he launches a national conference on hospital desegregation, and he pulls people in from all over the country to come and talk about this issue every year.
|
|
By the time she arrived, the company cafeteria had already undergone de facto desegregation: Its "Colored Computers" sign, designating a table in the back for the women, had been a salubrious casualty of the war years.
|
|
Lolis Edward Elie, an undaunted civil rights pioneer whose advocacy as a lawyer, protest organizer and negotiator helped propel the racial desegregation of New Orleans, died on Tuesday at his home in the city's Treme neighborhood.
|
|
It was also a reminder that Chattanooga did not always look upon The Times or the Ochs-Sulzberger family as benevolent forces — especially in the '50s, as The Times began to espouse racial equality and desegregation.
|
|
Perhaps court-packing would set off a spiral that results in a dramatically weakened Court, and power returned to the states and Congress to settle contentious issues like abortion and desegregation and LGBT rights through democratic processes.
|
|
They range from the F.W. Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., where peaceful protesters staged sit-ins, to the house of Daisy Bates, an organizer of the desegregation effort at Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas.
|
|
The answer is that Johnson, a labor economist at the University of California at Berkeley, is look at data that demonstrates the long-term impact of desegregation on children in those areas where it was successfully pursued.
|
|
The court rejected two alternative plans posed by the district, calling them unconstitutional and saying that the dual system the district has been running has failed to achieve the highest possible degree of desegregation required by law.
|
|
Club for Growth's poll found voters are less inclined to vote for Biden if they were told he previously had taken positions that include opposing slavery reparations and busing of school children as part of desegregation systems.
|
|
" When, in 1954, the Supreme Court ordered desegregation of the nation's schools in Brown v Board of Education, his response was limp: "I am sworn to uphold the constitutional process in this country—and I will obey.
|
|
In fact, the desegregation of baseball came after a decade-long campaign by black and left wing journalists and activists, which I detail in my book Conspiracy of Silence: Sportswriters and the Long Campaign to Desegregate Baseball.
|
|
Busing was often used as a last resort for cities and districts that clearly showed little interest in desegregation, many of which continued to see black and white families live in different communities and attend different schools.
|
|
The question was posed not by Pumpsie Green, who always insisted he was a ballplayer first and a crusader not at all, but by the parallel desegregation of Boston baseball and the enforced segregation of its schools.
|
|
In the north, white flight from our cities, housing segregation, and finally the increasingly narrow decisions of the Supreme Court on issues of busing and other desegregation efforts beginning in the 1970s, undermined the project of integration.
|
|
"It seems increasingly evident that psychedelics reduce the stability and integrity of well-established brain networks and simultaneously reduce the degree of separateness or segregation between them; that is, they induce network disintegration and desegregation," they write.
|
|
The suspension of habeas corpus during the Civil War, the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II, and the use of federal troops to enforce school desegregation in Little Rock all took place through executive orders.
|
|
Here in the heart of the Mississippi Delta — where whites once howled over federal desegregation orders, ignored them for years, then largely abandoned their public schools — it seemed, in many ways, a rare scene of racial redemption.
|
|
During massive resistance to civil rights in the 1950s and 1960s, white supremacists praised UDC members for their efforts to educate children to revere the Confederacy, because it provided them with a blueprint for dealing with desegregation.
|
|
The Anti-Discrimination Center, a nonprofit group whose lawsuit against the county resulted in the desegregation settlement, had asked the federal judge in the case, Denise L. Cote, to extend the settlement period by another seven years.
|
|
Partly this pride is a self-preservation mechanism of the Chamber of Commerce, which in Wallace's heyday cringed at the uncouth antics of his largely rural supporters and ultimately joined the civil rights movement's call for desegregation.
|
|
In all of Virginia, a state whose lawmakers had responded to the 1954 court-ordered desegregation of public schools with a strategy of declared "massive resistance," no black child had ever enrolled in a private boarding school.
|
|
Although the NAACP Legal Defense Fund is still litigating about 100 school desegregation cases from the Brown era across the South, the Supreme Court has, in practice, halted any new federal lawsuits that would challenge school segregation.
|
|
Some superintendents and policymakers may believe, "We're not a black and white district anymore, so we need to move beyond desegregation," said Erica Frankenberg, a professor of education at Penn State and an author of the report.
|
|
He supported several amendments and bills barring the Justice Department from seeking busing as a tool of desegregation, limiting federal funding for busing and allowing the federal government to participate in litigation to remove court-ordered busing.
|
|
School desegregation efforts around the city have mostly been centered on students who qualify for free or reduced-price school lunches, a widely accepted measure of poverty, which has generally been correlated with race in the city.
|
|
He began his career as the Jackie Robinson of men's tennis — a vulnerable and insecure racial pioneer instructed by his coaches to hold his tongue during a period when the success of desegregation was still in doubt.
|
|
She scored the campaign's biggest debate moment in her confrontation with Mr. Biden over his record on school busing — but also stepped into a morass of hazy talk on health care and the current desegregation of schools.
|
|
Mr. Biden, echoing a sentiment repeated again and again by progressive and conservative commenters in the past few weeks, says he is not and was not opposed to desegregation, just the tool most likely to achieve it.
|
|
Mr. Biden, echoing a sentiment repeated again and again by progressive and conservative commenters in the past few weeks, says he is not and was not opposed to desegregation, just the tool most likely to achieve it.
|
|
Franken zeroed in on two issues: a past statement in which Sessions said he "filed 20 or 30 cases" on desegregation and three of four civil rights cases he highlighted to the committee as being "personally" involved in.
|
|
When the U.S. Justice Department called in 2007 to say it was revisiting outstanding desegregation lawsuits, she was excited to show off the district, she said, standing in the shade of an oak tree on East Side's campus.
|
|
District will seek lawsuit's dismissal School district attorney Jamie Jacks, who has staunchly defended the district's efforts to comply with federal desegregation orders over the years, said Monday that the district had not been served with Shepard's lawsuit.
|
|
One of the reasons for its diminution of power, relatively speaking, is that it no longer had the issues of busing and school desegregation to mobilize against the way the Christian right had in the 1970s and '63s.
|
|
According to an account of the case by the Topeka Capital-Journal newspaper, a federal appeals court sided with the ACLU and Brown in 1989, leading to approval of a new desegregation plan for the district in 1993.
|
|
This year, all the leading Democratic presidential candidates have proposed desegregation strategies, a seismic shift after decades in which politicians from both parties played down the impact of the racial and class segregation that persists in American education.
|
|
As appalling as this law seems today, Mr. McLaurin had to fight hard to vindicate his rights, and his case ultimately paved the way for the complete desegregation of schools when he prevailed in United States Supreme Court.
|
|
As Virginia began vigorously fighting public school desegregation in 1956, one higher up worried about the face that the United States, with its roiling racial problems, was presenting to the world, using words that still have resonance today.
|
|
A new report from the Center for American Progress perpetuates the misguided notion that today's school choice programs are synonymous with Jim Crow-era efforts to resist desegregation by providing white students with vouchers to attend private schools.
|
|
Fortunately, districts in scores of states — including Dallas, a segregated city with a lurid history of fighting desegregation — have recognized the dangers of racial and socioeconomic isolation and are taking steps to bring together children of different backgrounds.
|
|
This year, all the leading Democratic presidential candidates have proposed desegregation strategies, a seismic shift after decades in which politicians from both parties played down the impact of the racial and class segregation that persists in American education.
|
|
Once upon a time in the misty days of the American past, an aggressively progressive Supreme Court stalked the land mandating school desegregation and holding that Americans' individual liberties included the right to use contraceptives and seek abortions.
|
|
That should come as no surprise: Law enforcement has from its inception been arrayed against black Americans, from slave patrols to the prevalence of local sheriffs in massive resistance to desegregation to decades of police brutality against African Americans.
|
|
Harris, building on her biting attacks on Biden's record opposing federally mandated desegregation busing, surged nine points from May in the CNN/SSRS poll to 133% behind the former vice president, who is down by 10 points to 22%.
|
|
Susan Crabtree, in RealClearPolitics, took a look at bad things people say about Biden -- he's handsy, he bullied Anita Hill, he opposed desegregation, he's a gaffe machine -- and wondered whether Trump may have actually softened the ground for him.
|
|
School desegregation was protested and abandoned; the so-called "war on crime" led to the imprisonment and disfranchisement of millions of African-American men; and deregulation of the national economy resulted in both soaring inequality and soaring corporate profits.
|
|
Sadly, this nation has suffered through similar chapters of overt state-based resistance to our Supreme Court's constitutional holdings, such as when some stood in the schoolhouse door defying clear constitutional rights the court had articulated requiring school desegregation.
|
|
"In cases where a school system has racially segregated by gerrymandering district lines or by other legalistic means, Biden said he supports desegregation by any legal means at hand — including busing," the Wilmington News Journal reported at the time.
|
|
The racial divide here is deep and prolonged; the white mayor of the county seat, Sparta, made headlines in 1970 after responding to black citizens' school-desegregation protests by equipping the town's six-member police force with submachine guns.
|
|
The settlement between the school district and the federal government, after nearly 50 years of litigation in the continuing desegregation case, required combining historically white Cleveland High and historically black East Side High, as well as two middle schools.
|
|
Mr. Braddock, who in his 38 years on the Miami-Dade school board is generally credited with spearheading desegregation there, retired about 20 years ago from his life insurance business and only then started going to more away games.
|
|
Another is that Bessinger was a white supremacist who, in 24, went to the Supreme Court in an unsuccessful fight against desegregation, and, in 2100, ran a losing gubernatorial campaign, wearing a white suit and riding a white horse.
|
|
But most importantly, Case's games—especially The Evolution of Trust—teach us a really valuable lesson: that the way we want to react, that gut instinct urge to shield our pride and our privilege, requires introspection, intelligence and desegregation.
|
|
Anderson laid out four integrative stages: formal desegregation (no legal separation), spatial integration (different people share neighborhoods), formal social integration (they work together, and are one another's bosses), and informal social integration (they become buddies, get married, start families).
|
|
Various rival campaigns have spent a fair amount of time litigating things like a 1981 Biden op-ed justifying a vote against a child care tax credit or his opposition to federally funded desegregation busing programs in the 1970s.
|
|
Daniel Shulman, the lead lawyer in the Minnesota desegregation suit, said he was looking at remedies such as a regional busing program, similar to the ones used, successfully, by some North Carolina counties in the decades after Brown v.
|
|
The plan, in District 20153, which includes Park Slope, Sunset Park and Red Hook, has been pushed forward by parents, rather than by the de Blasio administration, which so far has been unwilling to propose a systemwide desegregation strategy.
|
|
In the last two years, parent councils on the Lower East Side and the Upper West Side have had their own desegregation efforts approved by the Department of Education, sometimes after extended periods of private negotiations and public outcry.
|
|
The diversity effort has been part of a larger citywide debate about desegregation, including a plan by Mayor Bill de Blasio to change the admissions process for the city's elite specialized high schools, that are disproportionately Asian and white.
|
|
The court's 1972 decision in Emporia confirmed the precedent in the Stout case that judges must deny the formation of splinter districts if those secessions would thwart the desegregation of the school district from which they wanted to break.
|
|
In order to do so, she required the appointment of a black school-board member and for Gardendale to work with the plaintiffs and the Justice Department to come up with a desegregation plan to govern the new district.
|
|
Warren's plan, which her campaign says would be paid for by her proposed 2% wealth tax on people whose net worth is more than $50 million, focuses on desegregation, affordability and expansion into programs for students with special needs.
|
|
It was among the first high schools in a major Southern city to admit a class of black students, in partial accommodation of the Supreme Court's 1954 decision calling for the desegregation of all public classrooms across the country.
|
|
While Mr. Dunbar saw the need to cooperate with the Justice Department, he voiced his frustration with the government's refusal to intervene in the arrests of black protesters in Albany, Ga., who were seeking desegregation in 1961 and 1962.
|
|
Harris, who at the first Democratic debate confronted Biden over those comments and his opposition to federally mandated desegregation busing, responded that Biden was "right to recognize the impact of his words" and said she applauded him for doing so.
|
|
But stories about race and politics have hampered Biden's campaign, including earlier this month at a fundraiser when Biden recalled working in the 1970s with Southern Democrats who opposed civil rights and desegregation, particularly Eastland and Herman Talmadge of Georgia.
|
|
Their ruling made it illegal to compel adjacent communities to send their kids across city or county lines for desegregation, so even if Biden had changed course to support busing, there would have been limited options for him to pursue.
|
|
BOSTON — With court-ordered desegregation of public schools unfolding violently across this city in the mid-123s, Boston Latin, then about 90 percent white, began admitting more minority students, remaining a place of relative calm in a city engulfed in protest.
|
|
Segregation academies One product of the federal desegregation demands was that white communities, many of them the minority in their town, established private schools so that their sons and daughters would never study or eat lunch next to a black child.
|
|
The two sparred over Biden's record on race, after the California senator recounted being bused to integrate a Berkeley, California, school in the 22008s — and critiqued the former vice president for opposing busing as a method of desegregation in the period.
|
|
That summer, my mom and dad enrolled my older sister and me in the school district's voluntary desegregation program, which allowed some black kids to leave their neighborhood schools for whiter, more well off ones on the west side of town.
|
|
They tucked a passage into the 1063 Civil Rights Act aiming to limit school desegregation in the North by prohibiting school systems from assigning students to schools in order to integrate them unless ordered to do so by a court.
|
|
In 2004, Harry's parents, Mr. DeLaine (whose house was burned down after the petition campaign) and Levi Pearson, a farmer who filed an unsuccessful earlier suit against the school board, were posthumously awarded Congressional Gold Medals for their roles in desegregation.
|
|
Doing so could provide senators any easy step around a potentially thorny fight: The building's current eponym, Richard B. Russell, was a staunch segregationist who led the fight in the Senate against desegregation and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
|
|
Linda Brown, whose father objected when she was not allowed to attend an all-white school in her neighborhood and who thus came to symbolize one of the most transformative court proceedings in American history, the school desegregation case Brown v.
|
|
Sessions, however, has already gone on the offensive, recruiting black colleagues to speak on his behalf and listing on a pre-hearing questionnaire several civil rights he "personally handled" as prosecutor, including four voting rights cases and one regarding school desegregation.
|
|
Harris continued her attacks on Biden's records on desegregation busing, and Booker brought a brutal attack on Biden's "tough on crime" record in the Senate, to the point of directly assigning Biden blame for nonviolent drug criminals who remain behind bars.
|
|
Authors such as Ron Christie in Acting White: The Curious History of a Racial Slur and Stuart Buck in Acting White: The Ironic Legacy of Desegregation have written entire books (heavy on personal observations, anecdotes, and theories) dedicated to the phenomenon.
|
|
"He definitely seems to hope we're not looking at his voting record, the one where he opposed desegregation bussing, voted for the Iraq War or voted against an incest or rape exception to the anti-choice Hyde Amendment," said Quint.
|
|
Even parents who support the broader goal of desegregation have raised concerns about placing students who score a 22019 or 23 — the bottom half on a scale of 1 to 4 — into rigorous middle schools without adequate preparation and support.
|
|
But there was just one thing: Jefferson County is one of a few hundred school systems in the country still bound by decades-old school desegregation court orders that came in the wake of the Supreme Court's landmark 1954 Brown v.
|
|
Under questioning from a Department of Justice lawyer, Martin said that he had not read the school desegregation order until a few months earlier, and he later acknowledged that he declined to meet with concerned black parents from North Smithfield.
|
|
Across the city, the desegregation efforts are driven by shifting demographics, as more white, middle-class families are choosing the city over the suburbs, and once-poor and immigrant neighborhoods in Manhattan and swaths of Brooklyn and Queens are becoming gentrified.
|
|
"Having the political will is really important, and sometimes you don't always see that in places where there aren't court orders," said Erica Frankenberg, a professor of education at Penn State University who has studied desegregation in Louisville and other communities.
|
|
After Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, forcing the desegregation of public accommodations in the South, Maddox leapt to public prominence by wielding an ax handle to chase away African-Americans who attempted to eat at his restaurant.
|
|
Nor did he embrace CORE's pioneering roles in desegregation — school boycotts, sit-ins, Freedom Rides through the South and voter registration drives that led to the murders of the activists James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner in Mississippi in 1964.
|
|
As the last remaining desegregation orders under Brown have been lifted, school secession has increasingly become a way for majority white communities to "create their own pockets of relative advantage," says Erica Frankenberg, one of the authors of the study.
|
|
Anderson's book is a breezy history of give-and-take, looking at how the advances of Reconstruction, school desegregation and busing, the civil-rights era, and Obama's election were all targeted and slowly dismantled by whites wary of black advancement.
|
|
And while the chancellor has supported several desegregation plans in diverse neighborhoods with segregated schools, including the Upper West Side and Park Slope, those proposals were created by parents and local politicians before Mr. Carranza arrived in New York from Houston.
|
|
And while the chancellor has supported several desegregation plans in diverse neighborhoods with segregated schools, including the Upper West Side and Park Slope, those proposals were created by parents and local politicians before Mr. Carranza arrived in New York from Houston.
|
|
Black kids started calling each other "white" for liking school only in the late '60s, when desegregation efforts placed a great many black students in white schools where, in line with the era's mores, they were subject to openly racist treatment.
|
|
Mr. Helms, who served in the Senate for 30 years, used his honorable seat to support the apartheid regime in South Africa while opposing desegregation, civil rights legislation and the creation of the Martin Luther King's Birthday holiday in this country.
|
|
As school segregation has become entwined with New York City's broader reckoning with inequality, some districts recently adopted modest desegregation plans — changing school zones and setting aside seats for low-income children — that have made some schools marginally more diverse.
|
|