Image via FlickrMost concretes form an impervious surface, meaning water hits 'em and runs right off.
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Apart from just sand and cement, other ingredients are added to these super concretes, such as quartz and various reinforcing materials.
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Look closely and you can see the waves where the concretes is shaped and pulled, fanned and scraped, into its smoothness.
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No word on if Shake Shack Concretes will be served onboard for National Frozen Custard Day (August 8th, if you were wondering).
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Individual two-inch cubes were strong enough for a person to stand on, although the material is weak compared to most conventional concretes.
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In the South and Midwest, where religious or cultural traditions run deep, more families opt for caskets and concretes vaults, and fewer choose cremation, experts say.
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The Paris-based company, bought by Astorg in 2013, makes calcium aluminate cements, used in specialized concretes and mortars and in refractory linings in furnaces, amongst other applications.
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FROZEN DESSERT CHAIN: CULVER'S — This Wisconsin-born frozen custard chain serves everything from burgers to onion rings to frozen custard concretes, which are a distinctly Midwestern dessert concoction.
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Federal procurement standards could be put in place that reward recycling, efficient materials use and new green technologies like alternative concretes, coal-free steel and industrial carbon capture and storage.
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So I get the complexities of it from both sides, but nonetheless– I think it's time to move on from the generalities around the Irish border and to get to some concretes.
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Researchers in the United Kingdom are currently testing out a number of experimental self-healing concretes, including one embedded with tiny capsules that open when the concrete cracks and form new solid calcium carbonate.
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Products being produced include an incredible array of possible working carbon uses: concretes and other building materials, liquid fuels, proteins for fish feed, precursors for paints and fertilizers, and advanced materials such as graphene and nanotubes.
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New technologies and approaches are being developed to cut down on concrete's environmental downsides — including utilizing industrial byproducts to reduce cement usage, recycling existing concrete, producing self-healing concretes that reduce the need for new concrete, and creating entirely new materials.
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The need for those kinds of concretes, and experienced organizers familiar with the landscape, is urgent right now: Raghuveer said that the terms used to discuss rent strikes have grown murky as language surrounding the strike passes through distorting cycles of social media.
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To date, Writer's Block is still the trio's most recognized work, but since then, they've been busy working together, on their own (Peter Moren has a solo career) and with others (Yttling has produced and written for Primal Scream, Franz Ferdinand, and Lykke Li; John Eriksson has played with Lykke Li, Sahara Hotnights, and the Concretes).
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Yes, you'll find at-home instructions for replicating all your favorite orders — from their craggy-edged smashed California-style burger to the vanilla custard Concretes — but, in typical Shack fashion, you'll also come away feeling like (a) you want to apply for a job there; (b) now is the time to join the "Maker" revolution … mustard, relish, jam, anything; (c) you're somehow part of something way bigger than burgers and fries.
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Reactive powder concretes may also make use of silica fume as a fine aggregate. Commercial reactive powder concretes are available in the strength range.
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The performance of mortars and concretes made from EMCs can be custom-designed. For example, EMC concretes can range from general application (for strength and durability) through to the production of rapid and ultra-rapid hardening high-strength concretes (for example, over 70 MPa / 10,150 psi in 24 hours and over 200 MPa / 29,000 psi in 28 days). This allows energetically modified cements to yield High Performance Concretes.
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Polymer concretes are mixtures of aggregate and any of various polymers and may be reinforced. The cement is costlier than lime-based cements, but polymer concretes nevertheless have advantages; they have significant tensile strength even without reinforcement, and they are largely impervious to water. Polymer concretes are frequently used for repair and construction of other applications, such as drains.
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The Concretes is the debut studio album by Swedish indie pop band The Concretes. It was first released in Sweden on 2 May 2003 by Licking Fingers, and was released internationally in 2004.
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The Concretes began with Victoria Bergsman, Maria Eriksson, and Lisa Milberg. Since their formation in 1995, they have grown into an eight piece band. They have a number of "Honorary Concretes" who play on their records. One of their songs from their debut album The Concretes, "Say Something New", has been featured on a number of television advertisements in the United States for Target.
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"Warm Night" is a song by Swedish band The Concretes from their debut album The Concretes. Its original Scandinavian release as a single took place in 2003. It was re-released in the United Kingdom on December 13, 2004.
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"Seems Fine" is a 2004 single by Swedish indie pop band The Concretes.
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Licking Fingers is a Swedish independent record label run by and affiliated with The Concretes, a Swedish indie-pop band. It was formed in Stockholm sometime between 1997 and 1999. The Concretes and Frida Hyvönen have released music through this imprint.
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Any cementitious material undergoing EMC Activation will likely marshal improved durability—including Portland cement treated with EMC Activation. As regards pozzolanic EMCs, concretes made from pozzolanic EMCs are more durable than concretes made from Portland cement. Treating Portland cement with EMC activation will yield high-performance concretes (HPCs). These HPCs will be high strength, highly durable, and exhibiting greater strength-development in contrast to HPCs made from untreated Portland cement.
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The Concretes are a Swedish indie pop band from Stockholm, composed of eight members.
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The Ukrainian scientist G.V. Glukhovsky endorsed Davidovits' research in his keynote paper to the First Intern. Conf. on Alkaline Cements and Concretes, Kiev, Ukraine, 1994.G.V Glukhovsky passed away before the conference. His keynote paper titled: Ancient, Modern and Future Concretes, is included in the Proceedings of the First Intern. Conf.
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Layourbattleaxedown is a compilation album by the Swedish band The Concretes consisting of b-sides and rarities from the British singles and EPs pertaining to their debut release The Concretes, that was released on 26 July 2005 in the United States (see 2005 in music). This album was chosen as one of Amazon.com's Top 100 Editor's Picks of 2005.
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Jari has produced several artists during the past twenty years, among others Laakso, Ed Harcourt, Camera Obscura, The Loveable Tulips and The Concretes.
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"Chosen One" is a song by Swedish band The Concretes from their second album, In Colour. It was released as the lead single from that album in 2006.
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In Colour is the second album by the Swedish band The Concretes. The album was released 13 March 2006 in the UK and 4 April 2006 in the US.
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It amounts to only about 5% of the drying shrinkage in normal concretes, which self-desiccate to about 97% pore humidity. But it can equal the drying shrinkage in modern high-strength concretes with very low water-cement ratios, which may self-desiccate to as low as 75% humidity. The creep originates in the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) of hardened Portland cement paste. It is caused by slips due to bond ruptures, with bond restorations at adjacent sites.
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"On the Radio" is a song by Swedish band The Concretes from their second album In Colour. It was released as the second single from that album in the United Kingdom on 12 June 2006.
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The Bear Quartet have spawned many side projects. Mattias sings and plays in Mattias Alkberg BD, whose debut album Tunaskolan released in 2004 was very well received by the critics and audience. Their music can be described as classic punk/new wave in Swedish, with influences such as Tant Strul and Imperiet, both of which they have recorded cover songs of. Jari has produced many other artists, such as Nicolai Dunger, Ed Harcourt, Camera Obscura, Kristofer Åström, The Concretes and Frida Hyvönen, and used to play with Maria from The Concretes in Heikki.
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A building made of textile-reinforced concrete Uses of textile reinforced materials, concretes are extensively increasing in modern days in combination with materials science and textile technology. Bridges, Pillars and Road Guards are prepared by kevlar or jute reinforced concretes to withstand vibrations, sudden jerks and torsion (mechanics). The use of reinforced concrete construction in the modern world stems from the extensive availability of its ingredients – reinforcing steel as well as concrete. Reinforced concrete fits nearly into every form, is extremely versatile and is therefore widely used in the construction of buildings, bridges, etc.
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If concrete is fully dried, it does not creep, but it is next to impossible to dry concrete fully without severe cracking. Fig. 1 Changes of pore water content due to drying or wetting processes cause significant volume changes of concrete in load-free specimens. They are called the shrinkage (typically causing strains between 0.0002 and 0.0005, and in low strength concretes even 0.0012) or swelling (< 0.00005 in normal concretes, < 0.00020 in high strength concretes). To separate shrinkage from creep, the compliance function J(t, t'), defined as the stress-produced strain \epsilon (i.e., the total strain minus shrinkage) caused at time t by a unit sustained uniaxial stress \sigma = 1 applied at age t', is measured as the strain difference between the loaded and load-free specimens. The multi-year creep evolves logarithmically in time (with no final asymptotic value), and over the typical structural lifetimes it may attain values 3 to 6 times larger than the initial elastic strain.
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Boyoubetterunow is a compilation by Swedish pop band The Concretes as well as their first major release. The album consists of the band's first two EPs, Limited Edition and Lipstick Edition, both previously released in 1999. It is currently out of print.
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Freddy's Frozen Custard & Steakburgers is an American fast-casual restaurant chain based in Wichita, Kansas. Its menu includes steakburgers, Vienna Beef hot dogs, and chicken sandwiches, and the company provides frozen custard with a variety of specialty sundaes and concretes (blended sundaes).
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Because of the heavier nonvolatile compounds (waxes, resins), concretes are only partially soluble in ethanol. Therefore, they are of limited use in perfumery, but they can be employed for scenting soaps. The concrete may be extracted with ethanol to produce an absolute.
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Lion's Choice has gained particular renown for their frozen custard cones, which come in mini and regular sizes and can optionally be dipped in chocolate. The restaurant also serves milkshakes, cookies (chocolate chip, macadamia nut, or sugar), sundaes, root beer floats, and concretes.
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They were originally known under the names "soil silicate concretes" and "soil cements". Because Portland cement concretes can be affected by the deleterious Alkali-aggregate reaction, coined AAR or Alkali-silica reaction coined ASR (see for example the RILEM Committee 219-ACS Aggregate Reaction in Concrete Structures ), the wording alkali-activation has a negative impact on civil engineers. However, geopolymer cements do not in general show these deleterious reactions (see below in Properties), when an appropriate aggregate is selected - geopolymers can also work in acidic mediums, further disassociating them from AAM. In addition, alkali-activated materials are not polymers, so they cannot be called and mistaken for geopolymers.
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When very fine concretes and aggregates mix with water, the mud created at the bottom of the hold shifts easily and can produce a free surface effect. The only way to control these risks is by good ventilation practices and careful monitoring for the presence of water.
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Strength forms by hydration to calcium aluminate hydrates. They are well-adapted for use in refractory (high-temperature resistant) concretes, e.g., for furnace linings. Calcium sulfoaluminate cements are made from clinkers that include ye'elimite (Ca4(AlO2)6SO4 or C4A3 in Cement chemist's notation) as a primary phase.
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Open Field is the debut album by the Swedish solo act Taken By Trees. It is the first studio album to be released by Victoria Bergsman after shedding her duties as the lead singer of The Concretes. It was released on June 18, 2007 on Rough Trade Records.
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The human need for art, according to this idea, derives from the need for cognitive economy. A concept is already a sort of mental shorthand standing for a large number of concretes, allowing a human being to think indirectly or implicitly of many more such concretes than can be kept explicitly in mind. But a human being cannot keep indefinitely many concepts explicitly in mind either—and yet, according to Objectivism, he or she needs a comprehensive conceptual framework to provide guidance in life. Art offers a way out of this dilemma by providing a perceptual, easily grasped means of communicating and thinking about a wide range of abstractions, including one's metaphysical value-judgments.
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Concretes are produced mainly from flowers (rose, jasmine, tuberose, jonquil, ylang-ylang, mimosa, boronia, etc.), but also from other plant materials (lavender, lavandin, geranium, clary sage, violet leaves, oak moss, etc.). A yield of ca. 0.3 % based on the starting flower material, is obtained in the production of jasmine concrete.
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William, Kaspar et al. (2013). A Review of the Effects of Radiation on Microstructure and Properties of Concretes Used in Nuclear Power Plants. Washington, D.C.: Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Pressurized water reactor The purpose of the steam turbine is to convert the heat contained in steam into mechanical energy.
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Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a type of fiber-reinforced concrete. The product is also known as glassfibre reinforced concrete or GRC in British English. Glass fiber concretes are mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. Somewhat similar materials are fiber cement siding and cement boards.
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Many alumni have gone into jobs with local newspaper group Archant. Concrete's achievements were recognised in 1995 by The Guardian newspaper and the National Union of Students and shortlisted by both in the 'Student Newspaper of the Year' category. By the time of Concretes fiftieth issue, it was being read by 98% of students at UEA.
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After several years hosting various shows on London 104.9 Xfm (including breaking new Scandinavian bands like Peter, Bjorn & John and The Concretes in his feature Northern Xposure), Cole was the daytime DJ for NME Radio from launch until summer 2009. He has also guest-starred in two Sapphire & Steel audio plays, All Fall Down and Dead Man Walking.
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For EMCs, the HEBM process used is a unique form of specialised vibratory milling discovered in Sweden and applied only to cementitious materials, here called "EMC Activation". Energetically modified cements have a wide range of uses. For example, EMCs have been used in concretes for large infrastructure projects in the United States, meeting U.S. concrete standards.
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Ultra-high- performance concrete is a new type of concrete that is being developed by agencies concerned with infrastructure protection. UHPC is characterized by being a steel fibre-reinforced cement composite material with compressive strengths in excess of 150 MPa, up to and possibly exceeding 250 MPa."Ultra High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concretes." Association Francaise de Genie Civil, 2002.
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The mix was finally sent to Cristoffer Roth (The Concretes, Moneybrother) for mixing. The album Leikko was well received. It came out on Stargazer Records and the band soon signed a publishing deal with FatCat Records. In 2015 Case Conrad returned to the US for 32 new dates where they played shows with The Pines and King of Prussia among others.
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The first building using the modern mortar is the bridge of Souillac (Dordogne) erected in 1818. The material was popular but was superseded by Portland cement. He also invented the Vicat needle that is still in use for determination of setting time of concretes and cements. His son, Joseph Vicat, founded Vicat Cement, which is today a large international cement manufacturing company.
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"You Can't Hurry Love", also from their debut album, has been used in major motion pictures and other films. Their second album, In Colour, was released in 2006. It was followed shortly after by the departure of lead singer Victoria Bergsman, who has since moved on to her solo project, Taken By Trees.Victoria Bergsman Leaves The Concretes, July 24, 2006, Pitchfork Media.
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EMCs made by replacing at least 50% of the Portland cement with have yielded consistent field results in high-volume applications. This is also the case for EMC made from natural pozzolans (e.g., volcanic ash). Volcanic ash deposits from Southern California were independently tested; at 50% Portland cement replacement, the resulting concretes exceeded the requirements of the relevant US standard.
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Tensile strength tests are conducted either by three- point bending of a prismatic beam specimen or by compression along the sides of a standard cylindrical specimen. These destructive tests are not to be equated with nondestructive testing using a rebound hammer or probe systems which are hand-held indicators, for relative strength of the top few millimeters, of comparative concretes in the field.
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Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers – each of which lend varying properties to the concrete. In addition, the character of fiber-reinforced concrete changes with varying concretes, fiber materials, geometries, distribution, orientation, and densities.
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Lightweight concretes. Budapest, Akademikiado Following this research, new admixtures were developed in the late 1970s and early 80s, which led to the commercial use of foamed concrete in construction projects. Initially, it was used in the Netherlands for filling voids and for ground stabilisation. Further research carried out in the Netherlands helped bring about the more widespread use of foam concrete as a building material.
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An alternative video was directed by Victoria Bergsman, singer for The Concretes, and includes artwork by Frànçois & the Atlas Mountains's frontman François Marry. The song was played over the opening credits of the films P.S. I Love You and Over Her Dead Body. "Let's Get Out of This Country" became the album's second single. The song discusses boredom and wanting to change one's life.
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This previously unwanted recycled product is used in the manufacture of high-performance concretes, especially those used in the construction of bridges and coastal features, where its low permeability and greater resistance to chlorides and sulfates can help to reduce corrosive action and deterioration of the structure. The slag can also be used to create fibers used as an insulation material called slag wool.
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The barges were similar to boxes without lids, and were constructed using mortise and tenon joints, the same technique used in ancient boats, to ensure they remained watertight. The barges were ballasted with 0.5 meters of pozzolana concrete and floated out to their position. With alternating layers, pozzolana-based and lime-based concretes were hand-placed inside the barge to sink it and fill it up to the surface.
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Less common mould materials are silicones, waxes, gelatins, and plaster. Plaster and gypsum cement are the most commonly used casting materials, but various clays, concretes, plastics and metals are also in common use. Ice, glass, and even chocolate are used often as casting materials. Work is being done with imaging technology to map the skin's surface which may enable re-creation of the shape without touching the body.
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Soil cement mixtures differs from Portland cement concrete in the amount of paste (cement-water mixture). While in Portland cement concretes the paste coats all aggregate particles and binds them together, in soil cements the amount of cement is lower and therefore there are voids left, and the result is a cement matrix with nodules of uncemented material. Invented by Benjamin Harrison Flynn to pave roads in Louisiana after WW1.
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Oxygen is generally available at the steel surface, except for submerged structures. If pores are costantly fully saturated, a very low amount of oxygen reaches the steel surface and corrosion rate can be considered negligible. For very dry concretes v_{corr} is negligible due to the absence of water which prevents the chemical reaction of corrosion. For intermediate concrete humidity content, corrosion rate increases with increasing the concrete humidity content.
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On July 27, the band performed its second concert in the Saldus festival. Zvērā. On July 28, Satellites LV performed in the Salacgrīva festival PositivusAB, the same day with Stereophonics, The Concretes and James. "Right now you are the best band in the country," after the show said Uldis Rudaks, one of the most recognized Latvian music critics and journalists. Satellites LV is the only band who has played in every Positivus festival.
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Present-day South Gate The South Gate is also called the Ciwun Gate (啟文門). The walls connected to it had been removed and now it sits in the center of a traffic circle. Like other gates, the South Gate was built with granite. In the renovation of 1961, reinforced concretes were added to the four corners of the gate, and the stairways leading to the top of the gate was renewed.
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Jain, J., Olek, J., Janusz, A., and Jozwiak-Niedzwiedzka, D., "Effects of Deicing Salt Solutions on Physical Properties of Pavement Concretes", Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2290, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012, pp. 69-75. . It should be noticed that the amount of magnesium chloride is supposed to be controlled when it is used for de-icing as it may cause pollution to the environment.
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Lundgren enrolled at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign in 1898, studied civil engineering, and graduated in 1902. As a senior, he published a paper titled, "Comparative strength of gravel and broken-stone concretes". While at Illinois, he played at the halfback and fullback positions for the Illini football team for three years. He was also a pitcher for the Illini baseball team from 1899 to 1902 and was the team captain in 1902.
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Henig, Martin (ed), A Handbook of Roman Art, p. 30, Phaidon, 1983, Some Roman concretes were able to be set underwater, which was useful for bridges and other waterside construction. It is uncertain when Roman concrete was developed, but it was clearly in widespread and customary use from about 150 BC; some scholars believe it was developed a century before that.Boëthius, Axel, Ling, Roger, Rasmussen, Tom, Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture, pp.
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Lisa Milberg now provides lead vocals for the band, both on stage and on the band's third album Hey Trouble, released early 2007. In 2007, The Concretes recorded a cover version of Take That's "Back for Good" for Engine Room Recordings' compilation album Guilt by Association, released September 2007. Maria Eriksson is also half of the band Heikki, with guitarist Jari Haapalainen. They released their self-titled debut, a mini-CD, in Scandinavia in 2002.
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In the United States, energetically modified cements have been approved for usage by a number of state transportation agencies, including PennDOT, TxDOT and CalTrans. In the United States, highway bridges and hundreds of miles of highway paving have been constructed using concretes made from EMC derived from fly ash. These projects include sections of Interstate 10. In these projects, EMC replaced at least 50% of the Portland cement in the concrete poured.
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White Portland cement is used in combination with white aggregates to produce white concrete for prestige construction projects and decorative work. White concrete usually takes the form of pre-cast cladding panels, since it is not economical to use white cement for structural purposes. White Portland cement is also used in combination with inorganic pigments to produce brightly colored concretes and mortars. Ordinary cement, when used with pigments, produces colors that may be attractive, but are somewhat dull.
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Medieval lime mortars and concretes were non-hydraulic and were used for binding masonry, "hearting" (binding rubble masonry cores) and foundations. Bartholomaeus Anglicus in his De proprietatibus rerum (1240) describes the making of mortar. In an English translation of 1397, it reads "lyme ... is a stone brent; by medlynge thereof with sonde and water sement is made". From the 14th century the quality of mortar is again excellent, but only from the 17th century is pozzolana commonly added.
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Victoria Bergsman (born 4 May 1977) is a Swedish songwriter, musician, and vocalist best known as singer of the indie pop band The Concretes from 1995 to 2006. Since announcing her departure from the band on 24 July 2006 she has been recording for her new solo project Taken by Trees. Bergsman also provided guest vocals for the hit Peter Bjorn and John single "Young Folks" from the album Writer's Block.Exclusive First Listen: Taken By Trees by Tom Cole.
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Marching Band songs have been featured in Zombieland, Nick & Norah's Infinite Playlist, 90210, How I Met Your Mother, Scrubs, Cougar Town, and Greek. Marching Band’s second album, Pop Cycle, was released in May of 2010 on U & L Records. Marching Band’s debut album was recorded in Los Angeles with Adam Lasus (Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Yo La Tengo). Their sophomore album, Pop Cycle was recorded in Stockholm with Swedish producer Jari Haapalainen (Ed Harcourt, Camera Obscura, The Concretes).
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This is about 2.5 times more than the typical amount of fly ash in projects where energetic modification is not used. Independent test data showed 28-day strength-development requirements were exceeded in all projects. Another project was the extension of the passenger terminals at the Port of Houston, Texas, where energetically modified cement's ability to yield concretes that exhibit high resistances to chloride– and sulphate–ion permeability (i.e., increased resistance to sea waters) was a factor.
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In lean concretes (with a high water-cement ratio) the crushing strength of the aggregates is not so significant. The internal forces in common shapes of structure, such as arches, vaults, columns and walls are predominantly compressive forces, with floors and pavements subjected to tensile forces. Compressive strength is widely used for specification requirement and quality control of concrete. Engineers know their target tensile (flexural) requirements and will express these in terms of compressive strength. Wired.
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In the 1950s, Viktor Glukovsky, of Kiev, USSR, developed concrete materials originally known under the names "soil silicate concretes" and "soil cements",Gluchovskij V.D.:"Gruntosilikaty" Gosstrojizdat Kiev 1959, Patent USSR 245 627 (1967), Patent USSR 449894 (Patent appl. 1958, granted 1974). but since the introduction of the geopolymer concept by Joseph Davidovits, the terminology and definitions of 'geopolymer' have become more diverse and often conflicting. The examples below were taken from 2011 scientific publications, written by scientists with different backgrounds.
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The huge dome of the Pantheon in Rome and the massive Baths of Caracalla are examples of ancient structures made from these concretes, many of which still stand.. chamorro.com The vast system of Roman aqueducts also made extensive use of hydraulic cement.Russo, Ralph (2006) "Aqueduct Architecture: Moving Water to the Masses in Ancient Rome" , in Math in the Beauty and Realization of Architecture, Vol. IV, Curriculum Units by Fellows of the Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute 1978–2012, Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute.
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Fragonard Diamant A network of sixty companies employs 3,500 people in the city and surrounding area. Additionally about 10,000 residents of Grasse are indirectly employed by the perfume industry. Almost half of the business tax for the city comes from the perfume sector and that is ahead of tourism and services. The main activity of perfumery in Grasse is in the production of natural raw materials (essential oils, concretes, absolutes, resinoids and molecular distillation) and the production of concentrate, also called the juice.
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All concretes cast against wood or steel in the concrete cover zone, have a reduced cement content and increased water/cement ratio (i.e. less dense and more porous) compared to concrete located beyond the reinforcement. Within the core of any structural element the matrix is generally a denser and of better quality compared to the surface as a direct result of the concrete compaction. This compaction process drives excess mix air and water within the cover zone towards the formed surfaces.
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The remaining waxy mass is known as a concrete, which is a mixture of essential oil, waxes, resins, and other lipophilic (oil-soluble) plant material, since these solvents effectively remove all hydrophobic compounds in the raw material. The solvent is then removed by a lower temperature distillation process and reclaimed for re-use. Although highly fragrant, concretes are too viscous – even solid – at room temperature to be useful. This is due to the presence of high-molecular- weight, non-fragrant waxes and resins.
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The majority of the hexafluorosilicic acid is converted to aluminium fluoride and cryolite. These materials are central to the conversion of aluminium ore into aluminium metal. The conversion to aluminium trifluoride is described as: :H2SiF6 \+ Al2O3 → 2 AlF3 \+ SiO2 \+ H2O Hexafluorosilicic acid is also converted to a variety of useful hexafluorosilicate salts. The potassium salt, Potassium fluorosilicate, is used in the production of porcelains, the magnesium salt for hardened concretes and as an insecticide, and the barium salts for phosphors.
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This self-healing behavior not only seals the crack to prevent transport of fluids, but mechanical properties are regained. This self-healing has been observed in a variety of conventional cement and concretes; however, above a certain crack width self healing becomes less effective. It is the tightly controlled crack widths seen in ECC that ensure all cracks thoroughly heal when exposed to the natural environment. When combined with a more conductive material, all cement materials can increase and be used for damage-sensing.
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Natural pozzolanic reactions can cause mortars and concretes containing these materials to "self- heal". The EMC Activation process can increase the likelihood of the occurrence of these pozzolanic reactions. The same tendency been noted and studied in the various supporting structures of Hagia Sophia built for the Byzantine emperor Justinian (now, Istanbul, Turkey). There, in common with most Roman cements, mortars comprising high amounts of pozzolana were used — in order to give what was thought to be an increased resistance to the stress- effects caused by earthquakes.
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The album had three singles; "Young Folks" (featuring Victoria Bergsman, formerly of The Concretes on guest vocals), "Objects of My Affection", and "Let's Call It Off", the latter two using different versions of the songs than those found on the albums. All three songs had videos, the first music videos by the band to be widely available to international audiences. The track "Young Folks" was ranked at #5 on Pitchfork Media's list of the top 100 songs of 2006. Writer's Block was ranked at #24 on Pitchfork's list of the top 50 albums of 2006.
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The Neo-Concrete Movement (1959–61) was a Brazilian art movement, a group that splintered off from the larger Concrete Art movement prevalent in Latin America and in other parts of the world. The Neo-Concretes emerged from Rio de Janeiro’s Grupo Frente. They rejected the pure rationalist approach of concrete art and embraced a more phenomenological and less scientific art. Ferreira Gullar inspired Neo-Concrete philosophy through his essay “Theory of the Non-Object” (1959) and wrote the “Neo-Concrete Manifesto” (1959) which outlines what Neo-Concrete art should be.
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The first testing of silica fume in Portland-cement-based concretes was carried out in 1952. The biggest drawback to exploring the properties of silica fume was a lack of material with which to experiment. Early research used an expensive additive called fumed silica, an amorphous form of silica made by combustion of silicon tetrachloride in a hydrogen-oxygen flame. Silica fume on the other hand, is a very fine pozzolanic, amorphous material, a by- product of the production of elemental silicon or ferrosilicon alloys in electric arc furnaces.
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Hyvönen's first record, Until Death Comes, was recorded at Stockholm's Atlantis Studios and co-produced with Jari Haapalainen of The Bear Quartet. The record was released in the EU in 2005 on The Concretes record label Licking Fingers, in the United States in 2006 on Secretly Canadian and in Australia in 2007 on Chapter Music. Hyvönen received the 2005 Stockholmspriset ("The Stockholm Prize") by the Swedish publication Nöjesguiden for her debut album. Her first single, "I Drive My Friend", climbed the hit-list in Sweden for a few weeks.
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With the onset of the American Industrial revolution, the demand for cement increased. Roads, dams, power plants, bridges, and various North American government projects such as the construction of cisterns, wet cellars and the Croton Aqueduct system were rapidly being built throughout the American landscape. All of these structures utilized Rosendale natural cement. In addition to large structures, natural cement was also used to create mortars, stuccos, lime-washes, grouts, and concretes. In the final year of the 19th century, Rosendale’s cement industry peaked, producing nearly 8.5 million barrels a year.
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Any intentional variations in the part may also change the pitch of the produced sound, influencing the inspection. Some of these variations include ply overlaps, ply count change gores, core density change (if used), and geometry. In reinforced concretes intact regions will sound solid whereas delaminated areas will sound hollow.ASTM ASTM D4580/D4580M - 12: Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2018 Tap testing large concrete structures is carried about either with a hammer or with a chain dragging device for horizontal surfaces like bridge decks.
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Current dewatering techniques employ either centrifuges, Geotube containers, large textile based filters or polymer flocculant/congealant based apparatus. In many projects, slurry dewatering is performed in large inland settling pits, although this is becoming less and less common as mechanical dewatering techniques continue to improve. Similarly, many groups (most notable in east Asia) are performing research towards utilizing dewatered sediments for the production of concretes and construction block, although the high organic content (in many cases) of this material is a hindrance toward such ends. The proper management of contaminated sediments is a modern-day issue of significant concern.
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Breedon produces a variety of grades of bulk and packed cement, in addition to crushed rock, sand, gravel, agricultural lime and a range of specialist ready- mixed concretes and asphalts. One of its best-known products is Golden Amber Gravel, used for pathways and driveways; it is reportedly the only gravel with a Royal Warrant. Golden Amber is used at Chatsworth House, The National War Memorial Arboretum and the Sandringham Estate. Other products include speedway shale, which is a mix of crushed limestone and clay laid down to form the competitive surface at motorcycle speedway tracks.
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His early research work in this field dealt with the properties of prestressed concrete at different rates of loading. His research work focused on determination of the properties of concrete, the movement –curvature relationships and the ultimate loads of concrete structures. This led him to the formulation of the plastic design theory for reinforced concrete structures which eventually resulted in the "limits state design method for structural concrete". These academic achievements resulted in being invited to participate in the design and construction of some major concretes structures in the country including the Eko Bridge, Third Mainland Bridge.
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Later that year, the duo recorded three more songs and re-released En Åldrande Befolkning as a full-length album . The album features as its cover artwork an unattributed painting found at a flea market. Morén is a member of Tutankamon together with Adam Olenius of Shout Out Louds, Daniel Värjö of The Concretes, and Niklas Korsell who was the drummer of the Plan during Morén's stint in the band. Since 2012, Morén has begun to release a series of EPs featuring English translations and rewritings of his most popular Swedish-language songs, including 'Say My Name', 'Esther' and 'The Odyssey'.
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Indie band The Concretes first appeared in the UK Singles Chart in 2004 with "You Can't Hurry Love" (#55) and "Seem Fine" (#52). Lead singer Victoria Bergsman left the group in 2006 and, with Peter, Bjorn and John, recorded the single "Young Folks" the same year. This reached #35 in the UK singles chart, and was re-issued the following year, this time peaking at #13. On the national scene, Kent are by many seen as the greatest indie band, having sold more than 2 million copies of their albums and repeatedly been awarded best group of the year awards.
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Before the late 1960s in Europe and the mid-1970s in the United States, silica fumes were simply vented into the atmosphere. With the implementation of tougher environmental laws during the mid-1970s, silicon smelters began to collect the silica fume and search for its applications. The early work done in Norway received most of the attention, since it had shown that Portland cement-based-concretes containing silica fumes had very high strengths and low porosities. Since then the research and development of silica fume made it one of the world's most valuable and versatile admixtures for concrete and cementitious products.
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Ethanol extraction is a type of solvent extraction used to extract fragrant compounds directly from dry raw materials, as well as the impure oils or concrete resulting from organic solvent extraction, expression, or enfluerage. Ethanol extracts from dry materials are called tinctures, while ethanol washes for purifying oils and concretes are called absolutes. The impure substances or oils are mixed with ethanol, which is less hydrophobic than solvents used for organic extraction, dissolves more of the oxidized aromatic constituents (alcohols, aldehydes, etc.), leaving behind the wax, fats, and other generally hydrophobic substances. The alcohol is evaporated under low-pressure, leaving behind absolute.
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Eq. 5 cannot apply for large sizes because it approaches for D \to \infty a horizontal asymptote. For large sizes, \sigma_N must approach the Weibull statistical size effect, Eq. 3. This condition is satisfied by the generalized energetic-statistical size effect law: where r, m are empirical constants (r n_d/m < 1). The deterministic formula (5) is recovered as the limit case for m \rightarrow \infty. (Fig. 2d) shows a comparison of the last formula with the test results for many different concretes, plotted as dimensionless strength \sigma_N /f'_t versus dimensionless structure size D/D_0.
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It was this building that shows the integration of new concrete building techniques of Augustus's architects as opposed to those of Caesar. The Theatre of Marcellus uses a variety of materials that aid in the growth of the concrete revolution using readily available volcanic stones such as Tuscolo tuff and Tufo Lionato as aggregates in pozzolanic concretes. These newly concocted recipes for concrete provided durability to walls and barrelled vaults as well as a unique aesthetic appeal. The integrated stone and masonry design illustrate a refinement that came with the concrete revolution as a result of the new techniques and styles developed under Augustus.
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Known as "Totten shutters," the hinged swinging doors were installed on the cannon openings of the fort between the mortar and brick facade. Balanced to swing freely, the iron shutters would be forced open by the gasses expelled from the cannon, and then rebound shut immediately afterwards, shielding the gunners from incoming fire. First installed in American forts in 1857, the design was incorporated in such locations as Fort Montgomery, Fort Delaware, Fort John C. Calhoun (Fort Wool), and Fort Jefferson, Florida. Brief Observations On Common Mortars, Hydraulic Mortars, and Concretes Totten was greatly admired by General Scott, for whom he directed the siege of Veracruz as his chief engineer during the Mexican–American War.
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Many bands and artists have cited the Proclaimers as an influence or inspiration, including the Balconies, Barenaked Ladies, Belle and Sebastian, Camera Obscura, the Concretes, Jens Lekman, Sondre Lerche, Lonely Dear, Oppenheimer, Peter Bjorn and John and the Weepies. Recalling feeling an immediate kinship with the Proclaimers after discovering This Is the Story, Steven Page of Barenaked Ladies commented that "[the album] was perfect for us because it was exactly what we were; two guys with acoustic guitars, singing in harmony. It had all the energy of punk rock but just with acoustic guitars and voices". Many acts have performed cover versions of Proclaimers songs, including Imagine Dragons, L7, and Todd Rundgren.
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In smaller-scale architecture, concrete's strength freed the floor plan from rectangular cells to a more free-flowing environment. Most of these developments are described by Vitruvius, writing in the first century BC in his work De architectura. Although concrete had been used on a minor scale in Mesopotamia, Roman architects perfected Roman concrete and used it in buildings where it could stand on its own and support a great deal of weight. The first use of concrete by the Romans was in the town of Cosa sometime after 273 BC. Ancient Roman concrete was a mixture of lime mortar, aggregate, pozzolana, water, and stones, and was stronger than previously-used concretes.
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In 2006 the song was interpreted in a video titled The Temptation of Victoria by filmmaker Michael Shamberg, who had directed a number of music videos for New Order. Victoria Bergsman of Swedish band The Concretes acted the role of the protagonist in the video. Set to the song's 1987 re-recording the film features a young woman in Paris who steals a vinyl copy of the song's original 12-inch release from a vintage record shop (the now defunct Bimbo Tower), along with a bouquet from a flower shop, before returning to her apartment. On arrival home she puts the flowers in a vase and the record on to a player, and begins dancing to its music.
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Taken by Trees is the solo project of Victoria Bergsman, former lead singer for the Concretes. The act's debut album Open Field was released on 18 June 2007. Four demo songs ("Tell Me", "Too Young", "Lost and Found" and "Hours Pass Like Centuries") had previously been recorded under the production of Björn Yttling and were available on the band's official website beginning September 13, 2006. The second Taken by Trees album, East of Eden, was available for streaming on Drowned in Sound, and was released on September 7, 2009 in the U.K., and the next day in the U.S. When recording the album, Taken by Trees retreated to Pakistan and recruited a cast of amateur musicians which is heard on East of Eden.
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In the course of the fight for the Gorge, a picturesque nearby village is destroyed by Blott using a demolition crane to whip up popular opposition to the works. Giles is discovered by Lady Maud and Blott in bed bound by his mistress Mrs Forthby and is blackmailed, as is Dundridge, the official in charge of the motorway construction, and the Hall is quickly converted into a wildlife park in an attempt to prevent the removal of its occupants. Giles himself is finally killed by lions when he is discovered by Blott and Maud trying to burn down the Hall. As a final resort, Blott concretes himself into his home, located in the entrance archway to the estate, preventing work progress.
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Copper still from 19th to 20th century Grasse, France for steam distillation Fragrance extraction refers to the separation process of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction, expression, sieving, or enfleurage. The results of the extracts are either essential oils, absolutes, concretes, or butters, depending on the amount of waxes in the extracted product. To a certain extent, all of these techniques tend to produce an extract with an aroma that differs from the aroma of the raw materials. Heat, chemical solvents, or exposure to oxygen in the extraction process may denature some aromatic compounds, either changing their odour character or rendering them odourless, and the proportion of each aromatic component that is extracted can differ.
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In 1993, the United States Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management initiated investigation into the potential use of depleted uranium in heavy concretes. The aim of this investigation was to simultaneously find an application for depleted uranium and to create a new and more efficient method for the storage and transportation of spent nuclear fuels. The material was first conceived at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) by W. Quapp and P. Lessing, who jointly developed the processes behind the material and were awarded both U.S. and foreign patents in 1998 and 2000, respectively.M. J. Haire and S. Y. Lobach, "Cask size and weight reduction through the use of depleted uranium dioxide (DUO2)-concrete material" , Waste Management 2006 Conference, Tucson, Arizona, February 26-March 2, 2006.
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It is alternatively called "Klein's Compound", after Alexander Klein of the University of California, Berkeley, who experimented with sulfoaluminate cements around 1960, although it was first described in 1957 by Ragozina.G C Bye, Portland Cement 2nd Ed, Thomas Telford, 1999, , p 206 Ye'elimite is most commonly encountered as a constituent of sulfoaluminate cements,P C Hewlett (Ed), Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, 4th Ed, Arnold, 1998, , pp 447-449 in which it is manufactured on the million-tonne-per-annum scale. It also occasionally occurs adventitiously in Portland-type cements.A E Moore, Cement Technology, 7 (1976) pp 85, 134 On hydration in the presence of calcium and sulfate ions, it forms the insoluble, fibrous mineral ettringite, which provides the strength in sulfoaluminate concretes, and/or monosulfoaluminate, and aluminium hydroxide.
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Once poured, SCC is usually similar to standard concrete in terms of its setting and curing time (gaining strength), and strength. SCC does not use a high proportion of water to become fluid – in fact SCC may contain less water than standard concretes. Instead, SCC gains its fluid properties from an unusually high proportion of fine aggregate, such as sand (typically 50%), combined with superplasticizers (additives that ensure particles disperse and do not settle in the fluid mix) and viscosity-enhancing admixtures (VEA). Ordinarily, concrete is a dense, viscous material when mixed, and when used in construction, requires the use of vibration or other techniques (known as compaction) to remove air bubbles (cavitation), and honeycomb-like holes, especially at the surfaces, where air has been trapped during pouring.
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The second event, held 14–16 September, was given a full-marks five-star review by The Independent newspaper. It was headlined by Yo La Tengo, Super Furry Animals and Lambchop, and also featured Archie Bronson Outfit, Architecture in Helsinki, The Bees, Brakes, British Sea Power, The Broken Family Band, The Concretes, Danielson, Darren Hayman, Dawn Landes, Euros Childs, Frida Hyvönen, Herman Dune, Howe Gelb (who also curated the two main stages on the Friday, headlining the Big Top stage with a Giant Sand jam session), I'm from Barcelona, James Yorkston, Jeffrey Lewis, Jens Lekman, Joan As Police Woman, John Parish, Johnny Flynn, Josh T Pearson, King Creosote, Loney Dear, Malcolm Middleton, Midlake, Pete and the Pirates, Robyn Hitchcock (who was accompanied by John Paul Jones), Scout Niblett, Seasick Steve, Stephanie Dosen, The Twilight Sad, Willard Grant Conspiracy and Zombie-Zombie.
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Cement and its Applications was founded over a hundred years ago and is a privately owned independent trade magazine dealing with the problems of production and application of cement in St. Petersburg, Russia, in all the newly independent states on the territory of the former USSR and in other countries of the world. The magazine, which is the only cement specialist Russian-language periodical, works in close co-operation with cement plants and holding companies, equipment manufacturers, producers of concretes, dry construction mixes and other cement products users, as well as with research and design institutes and institutions of higher education, all of those being its major subscribers. Great attention is paid to the problems of cement plants development, capital flow and economic issues of Russian and international industry. The magazine is distributed all over Russia, CIS countries and abroad.
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The inaugural Field Day festival took place on 11 August 2007, with the first Underage Festival taking place the same weekend. Over fifty artists featured across four stages, as well as a musical bandstand. Artists included the 1990s, Absentee, Adem, Alberta Cross, Andrew Weatherall, Archie Bronson Outfit, Bat for Lashes, Battles, Caribou, Casper C, The Cock N Bull Kid, Crispin Dior, El Plate, Electrelane, Erol Alkan, Euros Childs, Fanfarlo, Filthy Dukes, Florence and the Machine, Foals, Four Tet, Fridge, GoodBooks, Gruff Rhys, Hannah Holland, James Yorkston, Jo Jo de Freq, Justice, Kid Harpoon, Late of the Pier, Laura Marling, Liars, Matt Walsh, Matthew Dear, Miss Odd Kidd, Mystery Jets, Nadia Ksaiba, Patchwork Pirates, The Pictish Trail, Pull Tiger Tail, Skull Juice, The Aliens, The Concretes, The Earlies, The Lovely Jonjo, Vetiver, Warboy, White Rabbits, Young Turks and Zombie Disco Squad. Originally being billed as a capacity of 6,000, the amount was increased to 10,000 shortly before the festival.
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Following the Nordik Beat years, Sweden has continued to produce pop with smartness and self-confidence well into the new century. Indie pop acts like The Concretes, Shout Out Louds, Lykke Li, The Tough Alliance, Pacific and others express themselves using traditional instrumentation with melodies and hooks recorded on computers, But perhaps most interesting is the contemporary electro scene in Stockholm which includes both old faces returning in new guises, such as Robyn and Alexander Bard (with his new band Bodies Without Organs) and fresh new names who inspired by the Nordik Beat tradition use computers to catch and communicate the soul of music, such as The Knife, Kleerup, Jenny Wilson and September. In this department, it is hard to overrate the influence of a parallel Scandinavian music phenomenon, that of the Icelandic wave emanating from Reykjavík, fronted by Björk and Sigur Rós. Hardly surprising, the Swedish electro acts have also been collaborating extensively with Danish electro acts such as Trentemøller and Norwegian electro acts such as Röyksopp.
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Peter Bjorn and John are a Swedish indie pop/rock band, formed in Stockholm in 1999 and named after the first names of the band's members: Peter Morén (vocals, guitar and harmonica), Björn Yttling (bass guitar, keyboards and vocals) and John Eriksson, known in his solo work as Hortlax Cobra (drums, percussion and vocals). Yttling also worked as producer for the band's first four albums. They are best known for the 2006 single "Young Folks", which featured Victoria Bergsman, formerly of The Concretes, and was a top 20 hit in the UK Singles Chart, as well as being featured in football video game FIFA 08, MLB 2k13, the singing game Lips, as the school project in the film Bandslam, as part of the soundtrack of hit sitcom How I Met Your Mother, as the opening track in the pilot episode of Gossip Girl and the theme tune to British Television adverts for Homebase store and Air New Zealand "Safety Safari" surfing video. It was also named NME's second-best track of 2006, beaten by "Over and Over" by Hot Chip.
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Williams performed this arrangement of the song with Mark Owen, as the encore at his record-breaking Knebworth Park concerts and eventually performed this version with Take That, upon receiving his Brit Icon Award in 2016. The song was featured on the final episode of the second series of Spaced, in which Tim, Brian, and Mike, along with Mike's Territorial Army buddies, attempt to play the song for Marsha, a la the boombox scene from Say Anything... It also featured in the final episode of Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant's The Office as a love theme for characters Tim (Martin Freeman) and Dawn (Lucy Davis). Gary Barlow stated on ITV1's An Audience with Take That Live broadcast on 2 December 2006 that there were 89 versions recorded by other artists. "Back for Good" was covered by Boyz II Men for their Love album, by The Wedding Present for their How the West Was Won album, by McAlmont & Butler in 2002 for the "NME in Association with War Child Presents 1 Love" charity album, and by The Concretes on the Guilt by Association Vol.
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