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"communications zone" Definitions
  1. the part of a theater of military operations behind and contiguous to the combat zone

59 Sentences With "communications zone"

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The Services of Supply, European Theater of Operations (ETO), was established in England on 24 May 1942 under the command of Major General John C. H. Lee. Almost two years of build up followed, supporting the North African Campaign and eventually the Invasion of Normandy. The command was redesignated COMZ (Communications Zone) after the 6 June 1944 invasion. Within COMZ was ADSEC (the Advance Section, Communications Zone) and FECOMZ (Forward Echelon, Communications Zone).
ADSEC was Advance Section, Communications Zone (COMZ), European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA), which was formally activated at Bristol in February 1944. It is commonly referred to as simply "ADSEC". This was a U.S. Army logistical agency, the first on the Continent. Upon its creation ADSEC was attached to the U.S. First Army, and gradually took over the Communications Zone activities.
The port also became key to the Supply and Service Forces operations of the Communications Zone of the U.S. Army.Ambrose, Stephen. Citizen Soldiers, p 274-277.
According to Bruce Cumings in his book, The Korean War, U.S. forces used flamethrowers to retake the camp. On 10 July the Korean Communications Zone was established under the Far East Command and took over responsibility for rear area activities from the Eighth Army. One of the lessons that had to be relearned during the Koje-do affair was that an army commander should not be burdened with the administration of his communications zone, since the distraction could not fail to detract from his efficiency in carrying out his primary mission—to fight the enemy. There were other lessons that were taken on board by the US forces during this period.
This unit served with several of the Armies of World War II as it was part of ADSEC (Advanced Section, Communications Zone). ADSEC's mission was to support the U.S. First Army, U.S. Third Army, and U.S. Seventh Army by building bridges, roads and hospitals through France, Belgium and Germany.
He served in the Office of the United States Commander in Berlin in 1960 then became chief of staff for the Communications Zone, United States Army, Europe from 1960 to 1961. He was the deputy chief and chief of legislative liaison for the Department of the Army from 1961 to 1964.
John C. H. Lee, Commanding General, Communications Zone, ETO. By this time Ehlers had received a battlefield commission to 2nd lieutenant. On July 14, more than a month after D-Day, Ehlers learned that his brother Roland had died at Omaha Beach when his landing craft was struck by a mortar shell.
John C. H. Lee, Commanding General, Communications Zone, European Theater of Operations (ETO), and Maj Gen. Robert McGowan Littlejohn, Chief Quartermaster, ETO, part of whose command was mail. When the 6888th settled in at Birmingham, "they saw letters stacked to the ceiling of the temporary post office." The temporary post office was located in converted hangars.
Knowland served in France initially with the Forward Echelon Communications Zone headquarters in France and Belgium, and later with the Fifteenth United States Army headquarters in Germany. During his military service, Knowland attained the rank of major and was assigned civil affairs and public affairs duties that were in line with his civilian education and experience and his military training.
The 1st Logistical Command was activated in October 1950 as a planning headquarters at Fort McPherson, Georgia. It was deployed to Poitiers, France in September–October 1951, during the Berlin Crisis of 1951. It operated under the Communications Zone, United States Army-Europe.usarmygermany.com In 1962, the Command returned to the United States and was assigned to III Corps, stationed at Fort Hood, Texas.
Aurand would be assigned as the Assistant Chief Ordnance Officer in the ETO and Communications Zone (COMZ). The Chief Ordnance Officer was Major General Henry B. Sayler, another classmate, but junior in seniority to Aurand. Aurand assured Eisenhower that he had no objection to such an arrangement. Aurand (right) with Omar Bradley in 1950 The causes of the ammunition crisis were many.
The park has a technology-based theme, with three zones (the Alternative Energy Zone, Communications Zone and the Techno Zone) containing educational and interactive displays. It also offers a 3D cinema for edutainment activities. There are over 3,000 palm tree plantations in the park, in addition to 7,000 other trees of a variety of 14 species. Visitors have access to Wi-Fi internet.
After the war, Sturgis was senior engineer for the army air forces in 1946-1948 and was Missouri River Division Engineer in 1949-51. In 1951, he became the Commanding General of the 6th Armored Division and Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. In 1952, he was appointed Commanding General of the Communications Zone supporting the United States Army in Europe. He became Chief of Engineers on March 17, 1953.
On January 26, 1943, he became Deputy Chief Of Staff of the European Theater of Operations, and then on February 15, 1943 he was appointed Deputy Theater Commander of the North African Theater of Operations, and commander of the Communications Zone. He was promoted to major general on March 18, 1943. He threw out the first ball in the North African World Series on 3 October 3, 1943.
Fuel consumption soared. Soon it took five gallons of fuel to deliver one gallon to the front. Fuel pipelines were constructed to shorten the supply lines, but were too time-consuming to build to be of much short-term use. By 28 August the Communications Zone could no longer guarantee fuel deliveries, and both the U.S. First and Third Armies reported less than a day's supply on hand.
The Korean Communications Zone, abbreviated to KComZ or KCOMZ, was a United States military formation created during the Korean War with overall responsibility for the communications zone including communications, supply, and administration behind the front line, including relations with the South Korean government and the care of civilian refugees and prisoners of war. KComZ was formed in June 1952 as an amalgamation of 2nd and 3rd Logistical Commands, both of which had previously shared responsibility for supply operations in Korea. It became operational on 21 August 1952 and was responsible for military logistical support to UN and South Korean forces, as well as political and economic relations with the South Korean government, the operation of Korean National Railways, and the control of North Korean and Chinese prisoners of war. Following the end of hostilities in Korea in 1953, KComZ became the Eighth US Army Support Command in July 1956 and was later re- designated US Army Area Command and finally the 7th Logistical Command.
21st Army Group's forecast of Operation Overlord After the American entry into World War II in December 1941, the European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA) was formed, with a Services of Supply (SOS) organization under Major General John C. H. Lee beginning in May 1942. General Dwight D. Eisenhower became the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, on 16 January 1944, and ETOUSA and SOS were combined into a single headquarters, which was increasingly referred to as the Communications Zone (COMZ), although this did not become official until 7 June. To support Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, COMZ activated two subordinate headquarters, the Forward Echelon, Communications Zone (FECOMZ), under Brigadier General Harry B. Vaughan, with Colonel Frank M. Albrecht as his chief of staff, and the Advance Section (ADSEC), under the command of Colonel Ewart G. Plank. ADSEC would take over the operation of base areas, supply dumps and communications from the First Army as it moved forward.
In 1958 he joined Eastern Command Officers Staff Group (ACMF) and was promoted to major general in 1963 to command Headquarters Communications Zone. From August 1965 to November 1966 Broadbent was General Officer Commanding the 2nd Division; and from December 1966 was appointed to the Unattached List of Eastern Command. On 10 June 1967, Broadbent was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours List.
In accordance with the experience of World War I, it was usually conceived of as a large land mass over which continuous operations would take place and was divided into two chief areas-the combat zone, or the area of active fighting, and the Communications Zone, or area required for administration of the theater. As the armies advanced, both these zones and the areas into which they were divided would shift forward to new geographic areas of control.
His headquarters was designated Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). With SHAEF taking over the operational functions, ETOUSA was combined with SOS to create what would become the Communications Zone (Com Z) once operations commenced. A complicating factor was the creation of the First United States Army Group under Lieutenant General Omar N. Bradley, who sought to place logistical functions under his command. Lee also conflicted with Eisenhower's chief of staff, Lieutenant General Walter B. Smith.
Ewart Gladstone Plank (4 November 1897 – 2 September 1982) was a United States Army career officer who was a veteran of World War I and World War II. A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, he was ranked 44th in the class of 1920. He was commissioned in the Coast Artillery Corps, but later transferred to the Corps of Engineers. During World War II he commanded the Advance Section, Communications Zone (ADSEC).
In accordance with the experience of World War I, it was usually conceived of as a large land mass over which continuous operations would take place and was divided into two chief areas–the combat zone, or the area of active fighting, and the communications zone, or area required for administration of the theater. As the armies advanced, both these zones and the areas into which they were divided would shift forward to new geographic areas of control.
He enlisted in the United States Army in late August 1943, and was assigned to the European Civil Affairs Division. In 1944, Hammett was stationed in Paris as a Monuments Officer with the Communications Zone (“Com Z”). It was during this period that he assisted in establishing a card catalogue of important European monuments arranged by location. At the same time, field reports were coming in from Monuments Men in the field and these reports were merged into Hammett's catalogue.
In 1944, Aurand was assigned as the Assistant Chief Ordnance Officer, European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA) and Communications Zone (COMZ). He become the Commanding General, Normandy Base Section, in December 1944. In May 1945, he went to the China Theater as the Commanding General, United States Army Services of Supply there. Aurand returned to the United States as the Commanding General of the Sixth Service Command, and he was commander of the Africa-Middle East Theater in 1946.
In August 1959, Chesarek became the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Communications Zone, Europe. He went to Italy in July 1960 to be Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army Southern European Task Force and was awarded the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by the Chief of Staff of the Italian Army. He returned to France in March 1961 for duty as Commanding General, 4th Logistical Command, and received the Legion of Honor from the French Government. Army Chief of Staff William C. Westmoreland and Mrs.
ADSEC units were moved into operating areas on or several days after a particular "D" day. They stayed until about the D+40, at which time FECOMZ (Forward Echelon, Communications Zone) units would take over. ADSEC units then moved forward to the next "D" location. After the 6 June 1944, invasion ADSEC was detached from the U.S. First Army and took control of activities at the port of Cherbourg, with engineering activities that included the beaches and landing zones; taking over command of the areas left behind as the First Army moved forward.
On 9 February SHAEF ordered FUSAG and COMZ to supply American liaison elements to 21st Army Group, which would control the First Army in the opening stages of Operation Overlord. ETOUSA had already activated its element two days before as the Forward Echelon, Communications Zone (FECOMZ). Brigadier General Harry B. Vaughan, the Western Base Section commander, was appointed to command it, with Colonel Frank M. Albrecht as his chief of staff. Another organization activated on 7 February was the Advance Section (ADSEC), under the command of Colonel Ewart G. Plank.
Utah Beach Landing, Normandy, France This unit served with several of the Armies of World War II as it was part of ADSEC (Advanced Section, Communications Zone). ADSEC's mission was to support the U.S. First Army, U.S. Third Army, and U.S. Seventh Army by building bridges, roads and hospitals through France, Belgium and Germany. On 6 September 1944 the unit traveled by bus to Southampton, England in preparation for the crossing to Europe. The next day, 7 September, the unit cleared their port of embarkation at 0600 hours.
Reactivated after the experience in Korea, the consensus of those concerned seemed to be that the logistical command concept was sound. The great advantage of such an organization was that it represented an approved voucher against which a commander could set up a logistics support organization. The command was reactivated on 15 June 1958, in France and supported the U.S. Army Europe Communications Zone. In the spring of 1967, the unit left France and moved to Worms, Germany. On 2 June 1969, the command was again inactivated, with the majority of the soldiers and units joining existing support units already in Germany.
Most theaters of war had their own logistical organization, usually also named the Services of Supply. The European Theater, and its SOS was subdivided into the ETO and the MTO (Mediterranean Theater of Operations) for the Operation Torch invasion of North Africa, then Sicily, then Italy, though the MTO was largely supplied by the SOS out of Great Britain. The SOS-ETO became TSF/ET (Theater Service Forces—European Theater) on D-Day, 6 June 1944, the term SOS was abolished, and its activities on the continent were referred to as COM-Z, or Communications Zone.
From September to November 1942 and again from July to November 1944, Davis made inspection tours of African-American soldiers stationed in Europe. On November 10, 1944, Davis was reassigned to work under Lieutenant General John C. H. Lee as special assistant to the commanding general, Communications Zone, European Theater of Operations. He served with the General Inspectorate Section, European Theater of Operation (later the Office of the Inspector General on Europe) from January through May 1945. While serving in the European Theater of Operations, Davis was influential in the proposed policy of integration using replacement units.
This arrangement did not last due to a personality clash between Lee and Crawford, and in October Crawford was transferred to the headquarters of the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC). He was replaced by Lord, who became both Chief of Staff and Deputy Commander of SOS, and was promoted to brigadier general on 22 February 1944. He traveled to Washington, DC, in March 1944 to review the supply situation for Operation Overlord with the ASF. From February 1944 on, SOS was increasingly referred to as the Communications Zone (COMZ), although this did not become official until 7 June.
Again, in 1966 the battalion was inactivated except for Charlie Company which was attached to the 440th Signal Battalion. Later, on 1 October 1968, C/25 was redesignated as the 541st Cable Construction Company thus completing the inactivation of the 25th Signal Battalion. On 18 January 1971, the battalion was reactivated at Fort Bragg and designated the 25th Signal Battalion (Operation). At that time, the unit was one of four signal battalions within the 35th Signal Group. The unit’s mission was to install, operate, and maintain a portion of the integrated signal communications systems within the theater Army Communications Zone.
Littlejohn hoped to become the next Quartermaster General, but was passed over in favor of Major General Thomas B. Larkin, a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer that Littlejohn considered a "carpetbagger". Both had served in the ETO in the Services of Supply (later the Communications Zone) under Lt. Gen. John C. H. Lee beginning in May 1942. Larkin had served as Lee's deputy until he was spun off at the request of Eisenhower to command the SOS in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations invasions of North Africa, Sicily, and Italy, and so had a wider command experience.
The Army, as the senior service, is the lead participant in public ceremonies and other events that occur continuously in the Washington, D.C. area. During the Korean War, Herren was deputy commanding general for Eighth United States Army. Then as an effort to focus Eighth Army efforts on combat, Herren was appointed commanding general of the Korean Communications Zone and Economic Adviser, Republic of Korea, a vital rear echelon command responsible for U.S. Army activities in the southern two thirds of South Korea. He oversaw the handling of prisoners of war, refugees and logistical support and supply of combat units of Eighth Army.
The 6th Division served occupation duty in southern Korea, in mid-1946 Col. O'Connor left Korea and from then until 1950 served at West Point. In 1951, he graduated from the Command and General Staff College and was then assigned as Chief, War History Division, Office Chief of Military History. He attended the Army War College from 1954-5 and on graduation was appointed Chief of Staff of the Communications Zone, United States Army Europe and then as commander of the 36th Field Artillery Group, Babenhausen Kaserne, West Germany from 1 February 1957 to 19 May 1958.
Bradley opposed this, arguing for more substantial changes. One source of infantry reinforcements was Com Z. Lee suggested that physically fit African-American soldiers in the Communications Zone, providing their jobs could be filled by limited-duty personnel, should be allowed to volunteer for infantry duty, and be placed in otherwise white units, without regard to a quota but on an as-needed basis. He wrote: "It is planned to assign you without regard to color or race". Smith disagreed with Lee's plan, writing to Eisenhower: Reflecting the prevalent racial prejudices of most US Army officers at the time, Smith did not believe Negro troops capable of combat duty.
On the raising of the Citizen Military Forces, Cullen was appointed Commanding Officer of the 45th Battalion (The St George Regiment) on 1 April 1948. He was promoted temporary brigadier, Commanding 14th Brigade, on 2 July 1955 and confirmed as a substantive brigadier on 2 July 1956. He served on the Officers Staff Group, Eastern Command, from 2 July 1958 until his appointment as Deputy Commander 1st Division on 1 July 1960. Promoted major general commanding Communications Zone on 1 December 1961, Cullen transferred to the Unattached List on 1 December 1963 before serving as the Citizen Military Force member of the Military Board.
Due to World War II, Graves's class was commissioned early, on 6 June 1944. He was ranked second in the class, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army Corps of Engineers. He was then sent through the six-week Engineer Officer Basic Course at the U.S. Army Engineer School at Fort Belvoir in Virginia, followed by six weeks as a platoon commander at the Engineer Replacement Training Center there. Lieutenant General John C. H. Lee, the commanding general of the Communications Zone (ComZ) in the European Theater of Operations (ETO), and a friend of Graves' father, asked for Graves to be sent to Europe.
The battalion was allotted to the Organized Reserve Corps on 21 October 1948 and redesignated as the 455th Chemical Mortar Battalion, before activation at Boston on 10 November of that year. Its service proved brief, as it was inactivated there on 15 June 1951. On 2 July 1952 it was again redesignated as the 100th Chemical Group (Communications Zone), a Regular Army unit, and activated on 17 July of that year at Fort McClellan, Alabama, responsible for training Chemical Corps units. In July 1957, the group's 85th Chemical Battalion rotated to West Germany as part of Operation Gyroscope, and was replaced by the 1st Chemical Battalion (Service).
With the formation of SHAEF and FUSAG, ETOUSA lost most of its roles, and was consolidated with SOS in January 1944. From January to June the ETOUSA-SOS staff functioned as a theater staff, with a staff organization and procedures closely resembling those described in the US Army manuals. From February 1944 on, SOS was increasingly referred to as the Communications Zone (COMZ), although this did not become official until 7 June. Eisenhower announced that until several armies were active on the continent, all ground forces on the continent would be come under the commander of the British 21st Army Group, General Bernard Montgomery.
Upon his return to the United States, Herren was assigned to Fort Sam Houston, Texas as Chief of Staff G-3 for planning of the Fourth United States Army in San Antonio, Texas. There he planned and supervised post war training programs in the Fourth Army area. In the summer of 1946 he was ordered to Korea as XXIV Corps chief of staff under the command of General John R. Hodge. In subsequent assignments as Eighth United States Army deputy commanding general for civil affairs and commanding general of Korean Communications Zone, Herren planned and initiated the economic rehabilitation and the restoration of civil government in Korea.
During most of September 1950 the 1st Medical Group participated in a major exercise called "Rainbow." Following spring 1950 a command post exercise named "Shamrock," this exercise saw most of the US medical units in Germany deploy their headquarters elements to the field, as well as sending as many operational elements as could be spared. Although medical play within the Communications Zone was simulated, soldiers role playing as patients were moved between the units in the field in Germany. In all, 40% of all Medical Corps and 20% of all Nurse Corps officers in Germany participated, with most units, according to published reports, rated as "Excellent" in their performance.
In February 1943 he became Commanding General, Services of Supply in the North African Theatre, and later Commander for the Communications Zone in North Africa, and would continue in this role through the invasions of Sicily, Italy, and then southern France in August 1944. For his efforts in supplying the combat troops during the Tunisian Campaign he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal in June 1943. He was also awarded an Oak Leaf Cluster to the Distinguished Service Medal in November 1944 for his support of the 5th Army in Italy, and his role in planning the invasion of southern France. He remained in this capacity for the Operation Dragoon France invasion, and served under Lt. Gen.
Royal Bertrand Lord (19 September 189921 October 1963) was a United States Army general who served in World War II. A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, ranked 4th in the class of 1923, Lord served as an instructor in tactics at West Point, and on construction projects including flood control on the Mississippi River and the Passamaquoddy Bay tidal power project in Maine. From 1936 to 1938 he was the head of the construction division of the Resettlement Administration and then the Farm Security Administration. During World War II he was the chief of staff of the Communications Zone in the European Theater of Operations, United States Army. He retired in 1946.
Therefore, to reflect that change in mission, the name of the center was changed to the California- Arizona Maneuver Area (C-AMA or CAMA). The CAMA was to serve as a theater of operations to train combat troops, service units and staffs under conditions similar to those which might be encountered overseas. The CAMA was enlarged to include both a communications zone and combat zone, approximately 350 miles wide and 250 miles long.deserttrainingcenter.com Camp Iron MountainUS Army, Military Training Lands Historic Context: Training Due to a severe deficit of service units beginning in the winter of 1943, it was decided that maneuvers in CAMA would cease as of 15 April 1944, with internal operations continuing until 1 May, after which the center would be officially discontinued.
After VE Day, the Communications Zone became Theater Service Forces, and Lee moved his headquarters to Frankfurt in September 1945. In December 1945, he succeeded Lieutenant General Matthew B. Ridgway as Deputy Theater Commander and Commander, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA) in Italy. He worked closely with the theater commander, British Lieutenant General Sir William Duthie Morgan until January 1946, when Morgan was appointed the Army member of the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington, DC. Lee then became theater commander as well as MTOUSA commander. He was responsible for the maintenance and repatriation of hundreds of thousands of American service men and women, opened the Sicily–Rome American Cemetery and Memorial, and restored infrastructure of many of the nations surrounding the Mediterranean.
The reorganisation of AFSOUTH as JFC Naples in 2004 was a part of NATO’s transformation, initiated by the Prague summit of 2002, aimed at adapting the allied military structure to the operational challenges of coalition warfare, to face the emerging threats in the new millennium. The new NATO Command Structure is leaner, and focused on conducting a much wider range of missions. NHQ Sarajevo remains operational, and also NATO Headquarters Tirana, an outgrowth of the former Kosovo Force (KFOR) Communications Zone West originally established in 1999. Communication Zone West was retitled NHQ Tirana on 17 June 2002,NHQT Factsheets and it now performs a Defence Reform and Security Sector Reform advisory role, aiming to support the Albanian Armed Forces, now a member of NATO.
After the Korean War, Colgaizer was assigned as commander of U.S. Army Europe’s Communications Zone, serving from 1956 to 1957.Newspaper article, Army Orders French Cars for Staff Use, Portsmouth (Ohio) Times, July 5, 1956Hearing Record, Military Posture Briefings: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, US House of Representatives, 1961, page 829 From 1957 to 1959, Colgaizer was the Army's Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics.Hearing record, Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Subjects Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments], 1958, page 339 In 1959, he was named Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, receiving a promotion to lieutenant general and serving until 1964. At the time of his promotion, Colgaizer was the highest-ranking reservist serving on active duty.
The United States Army Medical Materiel Center-Europe (USAMMCE) was originally activated as the Rhein Medical Depot in December 1951 in Kaiserslautern, Germany. In the spring of 1957, the Rhein Medical Depot was reorganized as the U.S. Army Medical Depot, Einsiedlerhof (USAMDE) and assumed the operation control of the 67th Medical Depot. USAMDE and the Medical Supply Division of the U.S. Army, Europe, were combined to form the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Center-Europe (USAMMCE) in October 1968. USAMMCE moved to its current location in Pirmasens, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, in November 1975 as part of an Army–Air Force restationing initiative. The following medical supply, optical, and maintenance (MEDSOM) battalions were formed as subordinate units to USAMMCE in January 1980: 37th MEDSOM to support the U.S. V Corps, 428th MEDSOM to support the U.S. VII Corps, and the 226th MEDSOM to support the Communications Zone.
Hoge directed one of the great engineering feats of World War II, the construction of the 1,519-mile (2,450 km) ALCAN Highway in nine months. Later, in Europe, he commanded the Provisional Engineer Special Brigade Group attached directly to V Corps (United States) in the assault on Omaha Beach. One of his key men who worked under him from Alaska to England, Colonel Benjamin B. Talley, directed the planning-specifics of the invasion, using maps, air studies, even tourist photos and postcards culled from the British people to learn the topography, and designate which units would assault which sectors of the two U.S. beaches. Talley went ashore at Omaha in the third wave to direct Engineer operations and immediately begin to receive men by the thousands and supplies by the ton over the beach from the Communications Zone, the supply and service-forces arm of the ETO.
This unit was originally formed on June 30, 1931, and was known as the 15th Coast Artillery Band stationed at Fort Kamehameha on Oahu, Hawaii. Its combat assignment was coastal defense of Pearl Harbor, but the unit also assisted in the staffing of the Hawaii Quartermaster Depot when not performing band duties. It was released from assignment to the 15th CA Regiment, and Assigned to Central Pacific Base Command on January 31, 1944. On May 23, 1944, the 15th Coast Artillery Band was reorganized and reassigned as the 76th Army Ground Forces Band which served in the central pacific theater of operation in Japan until May 31, 1947, when the band was inactivated. The band reactivated May 5, 1952, in Orléans, France in support of the United States Army Communications Zone Europe. The band remained in France until 1966 when they moved to Worms, Germany.
Since the Korean War, Camp Hialeah was organised under different commands and missions. They included the 8069th Replacement Depot, the Korean Communications Zone, Busan Military Post, Busan Sub Area Command, Busan Area Command, Busan Base Command, 2nd Transportations Group, Busan Support Activity, U.S. Army Garrison-Busan, 34th and 20th Support Groups and 19th Theater Area Command, Area IV, 20th Area Support Group. Camp Hialeah was a primary receiving point for materiel, equipment, supplies and goods to U.S. Army bases in the Republic of Korea and was one of the primary Non-combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO) routes for U.S. personnel in and out of the Republic of Korea. Camp Hialeah supported tenant units that included the Busan Storage Facility, the largest (cold) storage facility within U.S. Forces Korea for supplies and goods to commissaries and exchanges Korea-wide, the 61st Chemical Company, the 552nd Military Police Company and the 4th Quartermaster Detachment (Airborne).
In addition, the corps areas took on the responsibilities for post and installation support units ("Zone of the Interior" units) created during World War I. Corps areas had the added responsibility for planning and implementing mobilization plans for all Regular Army, National Guard, and Organized Reserve mobile units in their respective geographic areas; the development and administration of hundreds of new Organized Reserve and Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) units; and managing the personnel records for thousands of Reserve officers, enlisted personnel, ROTC cadets, and Citizens Military Training Camp (CMTC) candidates. The composition of the corps areas divided the United States geographically by state lines and population density into nine multi-state area commands roughly equal in population. Each corps area was responsible for organizing two tactical corps consisting of three infantry divisions each. Each corps area also had responsibility for organizing various other field army, General Headquarters Reserve, Zone of the Interior (later designated as Corps Area Service Command), and Communications Zone units.
The European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA) was a Theater Army responsible for directing United States Army operations throughout the European Theater of Operations (ETO) from 1942 to 1945. It commanded Army Ground Forces, United States Army Air Forces, and Army Service Forces operations north of Italy and the Mediterranean coast, in the European Theater of World War II. It was bordered to the south by the North African Theater of Operations, US Army (NATOUSA), which later became the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTOUSA). The term "theater of operations" was defined in the US Army field manuals as "the land and sea areas to be invaded or defended, including areas necessary for administrative activities incident to the military operations". In accordance with the experience of World War I, it was usually conceived of as a large land mass over which continuous operations would take place and was divided into two chief areas-the combat zone, or the area of active fighting, and the Communications Zone, or area required for administration of the theater.
Weaver was appointed Lee's deputy for operations. Andrews regarded Lee as "oppressively religious", and resolved to ask Marshall for his recall. Before he could do so, Andrews was killed in a plane crash in Iceland on 3 May, and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers, who agreed to abolish the theater G-4 and transfer its functions to Lee. The Communications Zone improvised the Red Ball Express, which used trucks to deliver supplies to the forward area until the railroad system could be rehabilitated For the cross-channel attack, now postponed to 1944 and codenamed Operation Overlord, the service chiefs wanted 490,000 SOS troops. Devers trimmed this to 375,000, which would be 25 percent of the theater troop strength, a figure that was accepted by the War Department. The most acute shortages in 1943 were of engineer units to build new airbases, hospitals, supply depots and training facilities. As in 1942, Lee was forced to accept partly trained units. In the first four months of 1944, the number of SOS troops in the UK increased from 79,900 to 220,200.
Paul Williams "Tommy" Thompson (19 December 1906 in Alliance, Nebraska – 9 February 1996 in Daytona Beach, Florida) was an American Colonel in the United States Army during World War II at the time of the Normandy Invasion. A member of the Class of 1929 at West Point, he also was a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross which was awarded for having distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism against an armed enemy in circumstances which do not justify the award of the Medal of Honor. Badly wounded late in the day on 6 June 1944, after recovery he was promoted to brigadier general and became the Information and Education officer of the Communications Zone, the logistics arm of the U. S. Army in the ETO. He became the officer responsible for the publication of the Stars and Stripes and other G.I. periodicals, the many Unit Histories published for the men and women who served in them, and the re- education of large numbers of soldiers either headed home, or seeking reassignment in the Pacific Theater prior to the capitulation of Japan.
John Clifford Hodges Lee (1 August 1887 – 30 August 1958) was a career US Army engineer, who rose to the rank of lieutenant general and commanded the Communications Zone (ComZ) in the European Theater of Operations during World War II. A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, with the class of 1909, Lee assisted with various domestic engineering navigation projects as well as in the Panama Canal Zone, Guam and the Philippines. During World War I, he served on the Western Front on the staff of the 82d and 89th Divisions and earned promotions to major, lieutenant colonel and colonel as well as the Silver Star Medal, the Army Distinguished Service Medal and the Croix de Guerre from the French government. After the war, Lee served again in the Philippines, then became District Engineer of the Vicksburg District, responsible for flood control and navigation for a section of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. During the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, he directed relief work, attempted to shore up the levees, and coordinated the evacuations of towns and districts.
T-59 tank during the Albania-Yugoslav border incident in May 1999 In 1992, the Library of Congress estimated that the ground forces had about 35,000 men, or about three-quarters of all armed forces personnel.Library of Congress Country Studies Albania Because the strength of the ground forces was sufficient to man only about two divisions, brigades of approximately 3,000 soldiers became the largest army formation. In 1991 four infantry brigades constituted the bulk of combat units in the ground forces. During the civilian riots in 1997, the political attempts by the government to use the Armed Forces to crush the rebellion were soon demonstrated to be a failure, following a total disintegration of the Armed Forces and the looting of the military facilities by the civilian population. Albania sheltered many thousands of Kosovar refugees during the 1999 conflict, and allowed NATO to provide logistical assistance for Kosovo Force (KFOR) troops through Communications Zone West headquartered in Durrës.. Operational until 2006, see NATO Headquarter Tirana Albania was part of the International Stabilization Force (SFOR) serving in Bosnia (then EU mission ALTHEA), and Albanian peacekeepers are part of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, ISAF and the international stabilization force in Iraq.

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