The plant establishes itself readily, and colonizes new areas aggressively.
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And once it has a certain amount of weight and momentum, it colonizes your mind.
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No one returns from Area X. It's a place that colonizes minds and ingests bodies.
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The fungus is ubiquitous on a healthy human body; it colonizes the skin shortly after birth.
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"This bacteria colonizes the intestine and it goes along with feces to the hospital sewage," Picao said.
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She is evidence that the patriarchy is not simply propped up by men; it colonizes everyone it can.
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VR feels different because it colonizes your senses so completely, removing the abstraction between physical motion and digital experience.
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I grow bacteria and put it in a sand mixture then the bacteria colonizes within it when you pump the urine through.
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As Europe colonizes the rest of the world they change the political systems there to match their system of borders, territory, and sovereignty.
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Wear the same pair over and over, and it could only be a matter of time before some mysterious bacteria colonizes your crotch.
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We're not fighting over data, or even one specific issue with corporatism, but against American corporatism itself as it colonizes the growing web.
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But this weekend, a new kind of tribe colonizes the 13-mile long barrier island chain on Florida's Atlantic coast: ultra-rich car nerds.
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These mosquitoes have been rendered essentially sterile by infection with a bacteria called Wolbachia pipientis, which naturally colonizes mosquitoes and other insects in the wild.
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But as I continue to travel or live abroad, I see that through social media and the internet, our American culture infiltrates, even colonizes, other cultures.
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And Heffernan is enthralled by the web, always stopping short of the techno-utopianism that leads "innovators" to speed past the consequences as humanity colonizes the future.
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Turtles aside, this method of using glowing bacteria could be used to study whether other animals, too, spread the disease, and just where in their bodies the cholera colonizes.
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She was no more than 21, we were three-quarters into the August arts festival that colonizes Scotland's capital annually, and I could tell she'd had enough of everyone's unreasonable requests.
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"Toxic shock syndrome is a situation where a particular bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, colonizes in an area and releases a toxin," Dr. Alyssa Dweck, an OB-GYN in New York, told BuzzFeed News.
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What we do when we turn and air the cheeses, we brush off these spores, so this mold — we dust it off into the air, and it goes and colonizes the different cheeses.
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The fungal menace at the heart of the New York Times story, called Candida auris, is a hardy germ that's incredibly hard to root out from the hospital rooms, nursing homes, and patients it colonizes.
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Mysteries remain, including whether life colonizes up from the depths or down from the surface, how the microbes interact with chemical processes, and what this might reveal about how life and the Earth co-evolved.
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Snap CEO Evan Spiegel presents at the Snap Partner Summit Snap CEO Evan Spiegel presents at the Snap Partner Summit This is how Snapchat colonizes the native app ecosystem similarly to how Facebook invaded the web with the Like button.
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Dr. Nevitt and Mr. Savoca found that the chemical is also released when tiny pieces of plastic are present in the ocean, often a result of "biofouling," which describes the process when algae colonizes pieces of plastic, and then die or are eaten by other organisms.
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Still, UTIs, yeast infections, and bacterial vaginosis can occur as a result of introducing food to the vulva if bacteria colonizes near the urethra, or if the vagina can't correct its altered pH level naturally after it's introduced to something that sets it off balance, like various foods.
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You were always free to walk away from the machine and that there was a long stretch of human history where absolutely none of this shit was meaningful to anyone, that you can disconnect from the society of the spectacle before it completely colonizes your brain, that we have but a single day that is given to us over and over again to do with as we will until it isn't anymore and that maybe there is a more fulfilling use of our time than trying to rebuild the Tower of Babel one 140-character brick at a time, that— Oh shit, Twitter's back up?
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The Colbert Nation quickly colonizes Facebook The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007 – 29-10.
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It colonizes highly disturbed soils and creates an environment suitable for other species to colonize.
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His interpretation flips the common narrative, in order to point out the autonomy that existed in colonizing foreign lands. He bases his argument on the claim that, "no one colonizes innocently, that no one colonizes with impunity either; that a nation which colonizes, that a civilization which justifies colonization—and therefore force—is already a sick civilization, a civilization which is morally diseased, which irresistibly, progressing from one consequence to another, one denial to another, calls for its Hitler, I mean its punishment".Césaire, Aimé. Discourse on Colonialism.
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The Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos colonizes a variety of habitats, as long as they are flush with food and have stable and adaptable structural features.
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Phlebia radiata is a saprophytic species, and causes a white rot in the wood it colonizes, fallen logs and branches of both coniferous and hardwood trees.
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P. ostretus, Pleurotus sp., T. versicolor, Trametes sp., etc. A dense network is formed when the mycelium of the microbe of fungi degrades and colonizes the organic substance.
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Imported in Europe, the plant is considered as invasive, especially in Belgium, Germany and Poland. Spirea douglasii decreases the biodiversity: it colonizes bogs to the detriment of other plants.
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Group JK corynebacterium sepsis is a form of sepsis which occurs when the bacterium Corynebacterium jeikeium colonizes the skin of healthy individuals and gains access to a person's blood stream.
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Trichoderma readily colonizes plant roots and some strains are rhizosphere competent i.e. able to grow on roots as they develop. Trichoderma spp. also attack, parasitize and otherwise gain nutrition from other fungi.
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This plant grows in open habitat types. It easily colonizes disturbed habitat such as roadsides and quarries. It grows in clay and sandy soil types. It is most common at lower altitudes.
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It colonizes ruderal sites along transport routes and can become dominant in habitats disturbed by human activity. Mycologists fear that it may be displacing native fungi species as it spreads through the paleotropics.
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Muscodor vitigenus is an endophytic fungus which colonizes Paullinia paullinioides, a liana of the Peruvian Amazon rainforests. It has the unusual property of, under certain circumstances, producing near-pure naphthalene, an insect repellent.
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F. virguliforme overwinters as asexual macroconidium and chlamydospores and currently no research has found a successful sexual stage with this pathogen. When conditions are favorable, these spores germinate on seedling roots and infect the plant. From the V1 to R1 stages (seedling to first flower) of soybean growth, the fungus colonizes within the plant cortex and only goes up the stem a few inches above the soil surface. Toxins are produced when the pathogen colonizes the lower parts of the soybean cortex.
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Solidago missouriensis can be found in many types of habitat. It is common on the Great Plains. It grows preferably in dry, open habitat and can occur at high elevations. It colonizes disturbed soils.
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Salix atrocinerea, commonly called grey willow or large gray willow, is a species of willow. It is a bush or small tree up to tall. As a pioneer species of willow, it quickly colonizes poor soils.
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It easily colonizes disturbed habitat, forming dense canopy. These stands still occur in Bolivia, and the tree is common in parts of Argentina.Grau, H. R. (2000). Regeneration patterns of Cedrela lilloi (Meliaceae) in northwestern Argentina subtropical montane forests.
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These conidia germinate and infect tubers. The pathogen enters through the periderm or lenticels. After that, the pathogen colonizes the periderm cells in the tuber. Infection may happen when tubers are formed and can continue in the season.
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Jacaranda copaia is native to Central America as well as Northern and Western South America. It is common in the Brazilian Amazon where, as a pioneer species, it colonizes gaps in the forest and areas that have been cleared.
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Cross section of an infected branch. Picture credit: S. O. Cacciola. University of Palermo, Italy There is a direct correlation between colonization of xylem and susceptibility to Mal secco. The fungus emerges from xylem vessels and colonizes neighboring vascular tissues.
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Cercophora areolata is a fimicolous or coprophilous fungus, a fungus that preferably colonizes the dung of herbivores. Animal dung serves as a nutrient-rich source for coprophilous fungi, providing high content of nitrogen and carbohydrate. C. areolata has been isolated from porcupine dung.
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Toxicity of melamine can be mediated by intestinal microbiota. In culture, Klebsiella terrigena, which rarely colonizes mammalian intestines, was shown to convert melamine to cyanuric acid directly. Rats colonized by K. terrigena showed greater melamine-induced kidney damage compared to those not colonized.
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B. dentium colonizes the intestinal mucus layer, where it has been found to produce acetate. In addition, B. dentium produces the neurotransmitter GABA and other products which regulate intestinal goblet cells. In addition, B. dentium may be involved in the development of mucin.
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Seed is spread mainly by birds. It is naturalized in parts of North America, where it is often found in shady, moist locations with limestone-rich soils. It is considered a weed species in parts of the world, where it colonizes areas with disturbed soils.
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It easily colonizes disturbed spots, as well. Castilleja kaibabensis is one of fourteen Castilleja that occur in the state of Arizona. While the population is apparently stable, the population counts are likely inaccurate because another, similar Castilleja species, Castilleja integra, grows in the same area.
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In the summertime, basidiospores, the primary infective propagules, are released. These basidiospores are carried long distances by wind currents. They infect trees (usually conifers) through damage such as freshly cut stumps. Once on the stump the fungus colonizes and moves into the root via mycelium.
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Alternaria tenuissima is a cosmopolitan species, common on an array of various plant hosts in many countries spanning a range of environmental conditions. It often colonizes blueberries, tomatoes, grapevine, and strawberries. It has also been found on several cereal grain species. Optimal growth occurs between .
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S. aureus is particularly common, and asymptomatically colonizes about 30% of the human population; attempts to decolonize carriers have met with limited success and generally involve mupirocin nasally and chlorhexidine washing, potentially along with vancomycin and cotrimoxazole to address intestinal and urinary tract infections.
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C. elatum is a known pathogen of the common grape vine. In 2007, an investigation to determine its pathogenicity on avocado plants found that it opportunistically colonizes the plant roots and only becomes pathogenic when resources are very limited and intraspecific competition is high.
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Cross section through a soybean root nodule. The bacterium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, colonizes the roots and establishes a nitrogen fixing symbiosis. This high magnification image shows part of a cell with single bacteroids within their symbiosomes. In this image, endoplasmic reticulum, dictysome and cell wall can be seen.
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The coralline algae often acts as a pioneer that first colonizes new surfaces and prepares it for colonization by other organisms. It sheds its epithallus occasionally in order to prevent other organisms growing over it. Still, it is often overgrown by Lithophyllum incrustans in what is considered ecological succession.
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The role of species is very important in disrupted ground. It colonizes and helps prevent soil from corrosion. It might be practical for site stabilization plantings even though it has never been used. Trema lamarckiana (Schult.) Blume has been recorded as a nitrogen-fixing species (Winrock International 2002).
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The Apamea crenata occupies varied habitats. It colonizes grass-rich, uncut, and moist to mesophilic places such as wet meadows, fens, forest edges or clearcuts. This moth is abundant in Europe and Asia, most prevalently in cooler climes. This species particularly avoids hot regions and sometimes appears in mountains.
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Island populations are small and exhibit low genetic variability (see founder effect), but are isolated from the predators and competitors that they initially evolved with. This can lead to a process called ecological release, where a species is released from its ancestral community interactions and then colonizes new niches.
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In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM), or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is sometimes mutualistic. In particular species or in particular circumstances mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants.
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It often grows as an annual but can sometimes grow as a biennial. Erigeron annuus is a native pioneer species that often colonizes disturbed areas such as pastures, abandoned fields, vacant lots, roadsides, railways, and waste areas. In these habitats it competes, often successfully, with introduced invasive weeds.
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It is not unusual to find Cenococcum geophilum mycelium and ectomycorrhizas in high relative frequency in soil where ectomycorrhizal tree hosts are present. Unlike many ectomycorrhizal fungi, Cenococcum geophilum readily colonizes the fine roots of most ectomycorrhizal hosts. It may be found in all forest successional stages.Visser, S. (1995).
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It prefers open, nonforest habitats and colonizes such open areas created by fire or other clearing disturbances. Very few meadow voles are found in forest or woodland areas. In newly opened areas, it is quite abundant. In these new open areas, the vole quickly becomes a food source for predators.
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The ability of Chroococcidiopsis to resist desiccation in arid environments is due in part because it colonizes the underside of translucent rocks. The underside of these rocks provides enough condensed moisture for growth while the rock's translucent nature allows just enough light to reach the organism for photosynthesis to occur.
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Laccariopsis is an agaric fungal genus with a rooting stipe, and a superficial resemblance to Laccaria. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Laccariopsis mediterranea, which grows in sand dunes around the Mediterranean Sea on shores and colonizes Ammophila and Juniperus roots. Phylogenetically it is placed in the Physalacriaceae.
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Bradyrhizobium japonicum, colonizes the roots and establishes a nitrogen- fixing symbiosis. This high-magnification image shows part of a cell with single bacteroids within their host plant. In this image, endoplasmic reticulum, dictysome, and cell wall can be seen. Rhizobacteria are root- associated bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants.
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The tree lives in moist woods in rich, well-drained soils on rocky hillsides and along streams. It also grows on ravines, cliff faces, and forested bogs. It colonizes the understory of hardwood forests. Mammals such as moose, deer, beavers, and rabbits browse the bark; ruffed grouse eat the buds.
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The park's flora is characterized by a deciduous forest with Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica), birch (Betula Celtiberian) and Mediterranean elements such as the arbutus and higher altitude holly. There are several endemic plants, including Portuguese laurel, Loron (Prunus lusitanica), a species that colonizes the ravines and other areas that have high humidity.
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N. meningitidis is a part of the normal nonpathogenic flora in the nasopharynx of up to 5–15% of adults. It colonizes and infects only humans, and has never been isolated from other animals. This is thought to stem from the bacterium's inability to get iron from sources other than human transferrin and lactoferrin.
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Microsporum audouinii is an anthropophilic fungus in the genus Microsporum. It is a type of dermatophyte that colonizes keratinized tissues (primarily hair) causing infection. The fungus is characterized by its spindle-shaped macroconidia (7–30 × 35–160 μm), clavate microconidia (2.5–3.5 × 4–7 μm) as well as its pitted or spiny external walls.
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G. candidum can be used commercially to inoculate wash-rinds and bloomy rind cheeses. Cultures can be added to milk, brine or sprayed onto cheese surface. The optimum pH range for growth on cheese ranges from 4.4 to 6.7. The fungus colonizes nearly the entire surface of the cheese during the early stages of ripening.
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E. decipiens usually colonizes the under surface of leaves. Previous studies have established that the leafhopper prefers species of plants whose leaves lack trichomes, have soft tissues, and are of large size.Naseri, B., Fathipour, Y., Talebi, A., A. 2009. Population density and spatial distribution pattern of Empoasca decipens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on different bean species.
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More experienced growers may not use PF Tek due to its low yield, and high labor input required when compared to other methods, like Monotubs. The use of a spore syringe also has its drawbacks. Because spores are a mix of genotypes, it is impossible to select mycelium that colonizes fast and produces high yield.
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P. suberitoides colonizes gastropod shells, especially those of the genus Cantharus. These shells are typically empty (dead), but P. suberitoides has been known to colonize living gastropods as well. The sponge begins as a thin crust and continues to grow around the shell until the shell is engulfed entirely. Often these shells are inhabited by hermit crabs.
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Romagnesiella is an agaric fungal genus that colonizes mineral, calcareous or sandy soils in Europe and North Africa. The small brownish fruitbodies have narrowly attached, broad and distant lamellae and poorly differentiated cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. Spores are thick-walled, brown, smooth, and lack germ pore. The cap surface (pileipellis) is somewhat cellular with irregular puzzle-like to pyriform hyphae.
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Predisposing factors include smoking, denture wearing, use of corticosteroid sprays or inhalers and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Candida species even in healthy people mainly colonizes the posterior dorsal tongue. Median rhomboid glossitis is thought to be a type of chronic atrophic (or erythematous) candidiasis. Microbiological culture of the lesion usually shows Candida mixed with bacteria.
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Monanthes is a rare example where a species re-colonizes the continent from an island, after their ancestors have colonized the island from the continent. Monanthes are not frost-resistant. They are linked with the genera Sempervivum, Greenovia, Aichryson and Aeonium, which is obvious from their similar flowers. Species of Monanthes differ considerably in life- and growth-form.
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On fruit, water soaked lesions will be small and irregular (they average 1 cm diameter and may be sunken) but then progress through the rind. The fruit then decays and cracks when the pathogen causes necrosis. These lesions open the plant to secondary infections as well. A. citrulli then colonizes the pulp, eventually allowing the seed to become contaminated.
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Eels are nocturnal and most of their feeding therefore occurs at night. Having a keen sense of smell, eels most likely depend on scent to find food. The American eel is a generalist species which colonizes a wide range of habitats. Their diet is therefore extremely diverse and includes most of the aquatic animals sharing the same environment.
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Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach and induces chronic gastritis, a long-lasting inflammation of the stomach. The bacterium persists in the stomach for decades in most people. Most individuals infected by H. pylori never experience clinical symptoms, despite having chronic gastritis. About 10–20% of those colonized by H. pylori ultimately develop gastric and duodenal ulcers.
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This species forms ectomycorrhizal associations with a wide variety of tree species, such as red pine, jack pine, and black spruce. Studies have shown that L. bicolor is more effective in early colonization of pine roots compared to other ectomycorrhiza forming fungi. In field studies, it preferentially colonizes and improves the survival of red pine. Actinobacteria isolates, e.g.
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N. cinerea is classified as a nonpathogenic bacterium, but has been isolated from numerous infections including acute meningitis. Many studies indicate that N. cinerea colonizes the oropharynx and sometimes the genital tract. A few infections which could possibly be caused by N. cinerea have been reported. However, in each case, the organism was misidentified as N. flavescens, N. gonorrhoeae, or M. catarrhalis.
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Taking place in the year 2279, a planetary research project is sent into the depths of space. One particular group of researchers lands on and partly colonizes the alien planet Delia. However, sometime after their stay, an emergency transmission is sent from Delia to their security force orbiting the planet. The only clue they are given is a message regarding a hazardous leak.
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Andropogon virginicus has also been introduced to Japan and Australia. It competes with other species by allelopathy, releasing persistent herbicidal chemicals from its dying tissues, such as decaying leaves. A. virginicus colonizes disturbed areas such as abandoned mining sites. It is a weed of pastures and grazing ranges, where it proves less palatable and nutritious to cattle than other grasses.
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Even within L. crispatus there is substantial genetic variation: strains of L. crispatus have genome sizes ranging from 1.83 to 2.7 Mb, and encode 1,839 (EM-LC1) to 2,688 (FB077-07) proteins. The genome of Lactobacillus crispatus strain ST1, which colonizes chicken, consists of about 2,043,161 nucleotides and encodes 2,024 proteins, 76 RNA genes and has a circular chromosomal shape.
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Anemonoides blanda should be planted in the autumn in partially shady areas, and in moist soil. It can also grow in full sun if the soil stays moist. It grows in any well-drained soil which dries out in summer; hence it is often used for underplanting deciduous trees which provide the necessary conditions. It rapidly colonizes any favored location.
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Although endotoxin shed by the bacteria Enterobacter agglomerans, which colonizes cotton plants, has been implicated as the cause of cotton fever,D. W. Harrison and R. M. Walls, "'Cotton Fever': a benign febrile syndrome in intravenous drug abusers," Journal of Emergency Medicine, March–April 1990, pp. 135-139 most clinical cases demonstrate blood cultures positive for skin and fecal bacteria.
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Muscodor roseus is an anamorphic fungus in the family Xylariaceae. It is an endophyte that colonizes the inner bark, sapwood and outer xylem of the plants Grevillea pteridifolia and Erythrophleum chlorostachys, found in the Northern Territory of Australia. It grows as a pinkish, felt-like mycelium on several media, and produces a mixture of volatile antibiotics. Cultures tend to have a musty odour.
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Weed Science 54: 620-626. This makes the proper identification of Amaranthus species at the seedling stage essential for agriculturalists. Proper weed control needs to be applied before the species successfully colonizes in the crop field and causes significant yield reductions. An evolutionary lineage of around 90 species within the genus has acquired the carbon fixation pathway, which increases their photosynthetic efficiency.
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This herbivorous species is specialized and restricted to rocky habitats where it colonizes rock crevices and also associates with available habitat that is patchy. In large, steeper portions of the cliffs were more heavily used than less steep portions. Habitat use both on and away from the cliffs appears to be driven by predator avoidance. They can probably more easily escape terrestrial predators on a steep slope.
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Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract.
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Unlike viruses, bacteria can replicate and divide on their own without entry into a host cell. Still, to grow and divide, bacteria require certain nutrients from their environment. These nutrients can often be provided by host tissues, and that is why some bacteria need a host for survival. Once a bacterium recognizes the host cell receptors or nutrient-rich surroundings, it colonizes the cell surface.
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Bogbodia is a bog-inhabiting agaric fungal genus that colonizes peat and Sphagnum and produces tan-colored fruit bodies. The only species in the genus is Bogbodia uda. Characteristically it forms chrysocystidia and rather large, finely roughened, violaceous basidiospores each with a poorly defined germ pore. The genus differs from Hypholoma which has smaller, smooth basidiospores and typically have cespitose fruit bodies and decay wood.
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Endemism is often the result of adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation is when a single specie colonizes an area and rapidly diversifies to fill all of the available niches. A common example is the assemblage of finch species documented by Charles Darwin in the Galapagos Islands. Darwin’s finches exhibited adaptive radiation by evolving different beak sizes to exploit the diversity of seeds present on the different islands.
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In the laboratory they are occasionally observed swimming free of the host and moving between hosts when multiple hosts were in the same container. This was especially apparent when the host is injured or dying. In Tampa Bay, Florida, C. dissimile colonizes ‘’Sergio trilobata’’ at a higher frequency than ‘’Lepidophthalmus louisianensis’’. In the laboratory this preference occurred no matter which host C. dissimile had formerly inhabited.
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Lupinus sericatus is a species of lupine known by the common name Cobb Mountain lupine. It is endemic to the North Coast Ranges of California north of the San Francisco Bay Area, where it grows in the forest, woodlands, and chaparral of the slopes and canyons. It easily colonizes disturbed habitat as well. This is a perennial herb growing up to half a meter tall.
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S. pyogenes typically colonizes the throat, genital mucosa, rectum, and skin. Of healthy individuals, 1% to 5% have throat, vaginal, or rectal carriage. In healthy children, such carriage rate varies from 2% to 17%. There are four methods for the transmission of this bacterium: inhalation of respiratory droplets, skin contact, contact with objects, surface, or dust that is contaminated with bacteria or, less commonly, transmission through food.
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It inhibits the growth of Ggt by releasing its microbial compounds. It colonizes the rhizospheres to interact with the roots of seedlings and plants, preventing S. rolfsii from damping-off the seedlings before they can germinate. T. koningii antagonizes S. cepivorum by acting as a secondary colonizer of the infected plant roots and secreting enzymes that cause the degradation and lysis of the pathogen.
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Crassisporium is a burn-inhabiting agaric fungal genus that colonizes forest fire and campfire sites on ground and charred woody debris in Europe, north Africa and western North America. The small brownish fruitbodies have broadly attached lamellae bordered by cheilocystidia and there is an absence of pleurocystidia and chrysocystidia. Spores are thick-walled, brown, smooth, and have a germ pore. The cap surface (pileipellis) is neither gelatinized nor cellular.
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Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach and duodenum. In some cases it can cause stomach cancer and MALT lymphoma. Animal models have demonstrated Koch's third and fourth postulates for the role of Helicobacter pylori in the causation of stomach cancer. The mechanism by which H. pylori causes cancer may involve chronic inflammation, or the direct action of some of its virulence factors, for example, CagA has been implicated in carcinogenesis.
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Cryptosphaeria populina also causes stain in the sapwood and heartwood and causes a yellow-brown, mottled decay. Spores of Cryptosphaeria populina are released during wet weather and infect fresh wounds in the inner bark and wood. The fungus eventually colonizes sapwood and heartwood, causing discoloration and decay, before penetrating the bark and causing a canker. Brown, mottled decay develops in the central part of the column of discolored wood.
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After infection at 24 °C, rapid growth ensues with active infection taking place within 48 hours and initial symptom onset occurring within 3 days. As temperature at time of infection decreases, the delay of initial symptom onset increases. Initial symptoms include a moist depression on the surface which expands as white mycelium colonizes much of its surface. The centre of the mycelial mass eventually turns olive as conidial production begins.
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Kunzea serotina grows on soils that contain rock fragments and is barred close to the top soil. It also grows in areas where the soil is prone to flooding, steep slopes, and hard rock. K. serotina succeeds previous vegetation that once was growing in the area but was removed by natural disturbances. K. serotina colonizes more easily than the native forest or vegetation including pasture land that once dominated the landscape.
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Mucor racemosus is a rapidly growing, weedy mould belonging to the phylum, Zygomycota. It is one of the earliest fungi to be grown in pure culture and was first isolated in 1886. It has a worldwide distribution and colonizes many habitats such as vegetational products, soil and houses. The fungus is mostly known for its ability to exhibit both filamentous and yeast-like morphologies, often referred to as dimorphism.
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Pinguicula ramosa is grows almost exclusively on mountains in Nikkō National Park in Japan, particularly on Mount Koshin, between 1500 and 1900 m in altitude. Two mountains outside of the park, Mount Kesamaru and Mount Ozaku- san, also host populations. Here P. ramosa colonizes weathered granite rocks and volcanic cliffs in damp, foggy locations in full or partial shade. The species is frequently associated with Saxifraga fortunei and Primula modesta.
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Decorative pieces, stones or contaminated food in aquariums can all be reservoirs of E. pisciphila. This fungus has a high tolerance to certain metals ions and has been encountered in harsh environments such as heavy metal polluted soils. When this fungus colonizes plant roots, it enhances plant tolerance to heavy metal ions. Symbiotic relationships with host plants also allow for improved growth performance and plant survival rate in drought conditions.
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Leafy spurge quickly colonizes in areas with bare soil, especially those caused by human disturbance where native species are removed. One method of control suggested is to limit the amount of bare soil from these disturbances. It is toxic as well. Leafy spurge quarantine sign at the Idaho state line Because of its persistent nature and ability to regenerate from small pieces of root, leafy spurge is extremely difficult to eradicate.
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Life cycle of Balantidium coli Trophozoite and cyst stages are shown in the life cycle of Balantidium coli the causative agent of balantidiasis. In the apicomplexan life cycle the trophozoite undergoes schizogony (asexual reproduction) and develops into a schizont which contains merozoites. The trophozoite life stage of Giardia colonizes and proliferates in the small intestine. Trophozoites develop during the course of the infection into cysts which is the infectious life stage.
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There are perhaps 20,000 stems, according to count data, for an unknown number of genetically separate individuals. The plant colonizes empty dunes and is eventually outcompeted when other plant species move into the area.Center for Plant Conservation A pioneer species of blowouts, it often grows alongside blowout grass (Redfieldia flexuosa), a resident of this habitat type. The upright stem has several oppositely arranged pairs of leaves up to 9 centimeters long by 6 wide.
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150px MRSA refers to a resistant variation of a common bacterium which has evolved to survive beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin and methicillin. First discovered in the UK in 1961, it is now worldwide. It is popularly referred to as a "superbug", more appropriately as multiple resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It most commonly colonizes the anterior third of the nasal cavity and otherwise healthy people may carry MRSA without symptoms, from weeks to years.
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This species colonizes disturbed habitats in tropical lowland areas, becoming part of the secondary vegetation, as well as gallery forests. It thrives in poor soil, able to tolerate acidic and alkaline conditions and drought, but doesn't grow in saline conditions. The seeds are dispersed by birds and fruit bats. Although native to tropical America, M. calabura has been introduced in Southeast Asia and naturalized there and in other tropical parts of the world.
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In North America, other species found in this forest understory habitat include leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), bog rosemary (Andromeda glaucophylla), bog laurel (Kalmia polifolia), pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea), Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), rhodora (Rhododendron canadense), glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), sundew (Drosera spp.), cottonsedge (Eriophorum virginatum and E. angustifolium), and species of sedge and lichen. The plant easily colonizes bog habitat that has recently burned. It survives fire with its underground rhizomes.
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Calliphora vicina is a member of the family Calliphoridae, which includes blow flies and bottle flies. These flies are important in the field of forensic entomology, being used to estimate the time of a person's death when a corpse is found and then examined. C. vicina is currently one of the most entomologically important fly species for this purpose because it arrives at and colonizes a body following death in consistent timeframes.
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They inhabit a variety of settings including the low-lying heath forests, montane rain forests, and swamps, but are most common on scarp faces, hills and rocky ridgetops up to 1000 m. E. brachystachys and E. tristis are found solely in Malaysia, while the remainder are Bornean or Thai in origin. E. tristis has become an effective pest in the Hill Dipterocarp forest where it colonizes cleared timberland preventing the regeneration of various trees.
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Fungal endocarditis (FE) is an often fatal and one of the most serious forms of infective endocarditis. The types of fungi most seen associated with this disease are: Candida albicans is found as a spherical or oval budding yeast. It is associated with endocarditis in IV drug users, patients with prosthetic valves, and immunocompromised patients. It forms biofilms around thick-walled resting structures like prosthetic heart valves and additionally colonizes and penetrates endothelial walls.
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Hebeloma radicosum fruit bodies can be grown in pure culture conditions in the laboratory. The fruit bodies are negatively gravitropic and not phototropic. Although they do not require light to form primordia, light is needed for differention and maturation. The sensitivity to gravity and light may be related to the growth habits of the fungus, which colonizes deep in the ground where it forms primordia, and develops mature fruit bodies on the ground.
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X-Wars was a massively multiplayer browser game, in which thousands of players interact in realtime. It contains elements of real-time strategy and construction and management simulation. The player colonizes and develops planets, designs, builds and commands starships as well as trades, allies and battles with other players. The game has become popular in the early stages of massively multiplayer browser games from 2002 in Germany, mainly for its complexity and innovative features.
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Brachyspira is a genus of bacteria classified within the phylum Spirochaetes.See the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Data extracted from See the NCBI webpage on Spirochaetes Data extracted from Brachyspira species include pathogens in pigs, birds, dogs, and humans. B. pilosicoli colonizes millions of humans worldwide, leading to human intestinal spirochaetosis, a chronic, intermittent watery diarrhea vastly underdiagnosed because of the lack of a simple diagnostic tool for clinicians.
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As the soils supporting R. racemosa become too toxic, a non-native invasive species of palm, Nypa fruticans, quickly colonizes the area. This invasive species has a shallower root system that destabilizes the banks along the waterways, further affecting sediment distribution lower in the delta system. N. fruticans also impedes navigation and decreases overall biodiversity. In places where N. fruticans has invaded, communities are investigating how the palm can be used by local people.
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The fungus colonizes a range of habitats, including podzolic forests, teak forests and mangrove swamps. It has also been found in forest nurseries in North America and eastern Europe. Rarely, it has been reported to grow on wheat and wild bees. A. carneus has also been isolated from the mycobiotia of the marine algae Laminaria sachalinensis in Russia and from estuarine sediment in Australia, demonstrating its potential to colonize aquatic organisms and environments.
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C. geniculata, a common plant pathogen, colonizes the roots of many plant species. For instance, Witchweed is a plant host of C. geniculata which causes huge crop losses because it parasitizes corn, grain, and many other plant species. Upon germination, the fungus is able to cause infection by penetrating the plant with its infectious pegs called appressorium, allowing the hyphae to grow in and between the host cells, resulting in cell death and leafspots.
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The life cycle of A. nitidiflorus begins with seeds, which germinate in autumn and winter. In summer, leaves and stems die and only a few buds remain at the base of the stem at ground level. After the autumn rains, the dormant buds of the P1 plants that have survived the summer sprout and begin a second stage of growth. A. nitidiflorus is a short-lived legume that colonizes old fields on volcanic soils.
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These are the hyphae that take up phosphorus and micronutrients, which are conferred to the plant. AM fungal hyphae have a high surface-to-volume ratio, making their absorptive ability greater than that of plant roots. AMF hyphae are also finer than roots and can enter into pores of the soil that are inaccessible to roots. The fourth type of AMF hyphae grows from the roots and colonizes other host plant roots.
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E. coli belongs to a group of bacteria informally known as coliforms that are found in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. E. coli normally colonizes an infant's gastrointestinal tract within 40 hours of birth, arriving with food or water or from the individuals handling the child. In the bowel, E. coli adheres to the mucus of the large intestine. It is the primary facultative anaerobe of the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Senecio gallicus, an annual plant of the genus Senecio and family Asteraceae, is a species that colonizes isolated habitats with difficult environmental conditions. It is widespread across southern France and the Iberian Peninsula in deserts and xeric shrublands, on steppes and salty dry coastal plains. S. gallicus is playing a predominant role in shaping patterns of genetic structure by presenting models of historical associations among population rather than patterns of ongoing gene flow.
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In the 21st century, Earth's pollution problems result in the development of a new hydrogen fuel called "HBT" as an alternative to fossil fuels, while mankind colonizes Mars. In 2050, a mysterious alien race called the Inbit invades Earth. Unable to fight off the Inbit, Earth becomes desolate with only a few pockets of human beings scattered throughout the planet. Many of the refugees escape aboard a few remaining shuttles to seek shelter on the Moon.
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A form which lacks anthocyanins has been described as Sarracenia rosea f. luteola. The species is native to the Gulf Coast of the Southeastern United States, and has been found from Mississippi to Georgia. However, the areas in which the plant occurs are being developed, so the species's habitat is threatened. However along with Sarracenia psittacina, this species readily colonizes drainage ditches along highways throughout the gulf states providing a somewhat more sustainable albeit less natural habitat.
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The archetypal Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, cannot be imported into New Zealand due to perceived risks to their forestry industry. The cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius is very similar to how one would cultivate other types of Pleurotus species like P. ostreatus by transferring mycelium from a petri plate onto grain and then transferring the grain spawn after the mycelium colonizes it to substrates of straw, wood chips, sawdust, cardboard, coffee grounds, and other cellulose-based substrates.
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Capsule & seed stage On granite White-tailed bumblebee on a flower C. angustifolium thrives in areas cleared by fire. It is here seen dominating the forest floor about one year after the 2019 Swan Lake Fire. Fireweed is often abundant in wet calcareous to slightly acidic soils in open fields, pastures, and particularly burned-over lands. It is a pioneer species that quickly colonizes open areas with little competition, such as the sites of forest fires and forest clearings.
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Gastrin stimulates the parietal cells to secrete more acid into the stomach lumen, and over time increases the number of parietal cells, as well. The increased acid load damages the duodenum, which may eventually result in ulcers forming in the duodenum. When H. pylori colonizes other areas of the stomach, the inflammatory response can result in atrophy of the stomach lining and eventually ulcers in the stomach. This also may increase the risk of stomach cancer.
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The reef area supports of variety of soft and hard coral colonization. Along the western side of the island and along the northwestern tip the shoreline is rocky, and the rock extends below the sea. There are large boulders and slabs of rock that lie just below the waters surface along the shore. A diverse community of corals and sponges colonizes this rock substrate that rapidly drops to a depth of 20 to 25 ft (6 to 8 m).
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Microorganisms present in the surface seawater during fall are integrated in the brine solution during ice formation. A small proportion of the initial microbial population colonizes the ice matrix while the rest is expelled with brine. Studies have shown that sea ice microbial retention can be enhanced by the presence of extracellular polymeric substance/polysaccharides (EPS) on the walls of the brine channels. EPS are proteins expressed on the cell walls of microorganism such as algae.
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As the filled Ark ship leaves Delta in search of a new home, remnants of the Deltan government call evacuation of the whole Delta star system. Only a few million people manage to escape before the collapse of the star. Deltan government reforms on nearby habitable stars growing into an interstellar civilization known as the Deltan Federation. Hundreds of years later the Ark Starship colonizes a star several thousand light years away from the collapsed Delta star forming the Centaurus culture.
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Pathogenesis may be triggered by biotic or abiotic stress of the higher organism, like an important increase in temperature or a decrease in light exposure for example. The most famous parasitic symbiont is L. zosterae, which colonizes marine seagrasses referring to the event mentioned above. Typical features of the "wasting disease" are a discolouration of the leaves, due to the destruction of the chloroplasts in epidermis, mesophyll and lesion formation. The second stage is the occurrence of brown and black blotches.
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About 27% of hives did not survive the winter, and the Varroa mite was identified as the cause in 85% of the cases. Varroa mites also affect the queen's ability to reproduce, which is detrimental to the survival of the hive. As such, Varroa mites have been considered as a possible cause of CCD, though not all dying colonies contain these mites. Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite that colonizes beehives and preys on honey bees by consuming their hemolymph.
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Streptococcus pneumoniaeis part of the normal upper respiratory tract flora. As with many natural flora, it can become pathogenic under the right conditions, typically when the immune system of the host is suppressed. Invasins, such as pneumolysin, an antiphagocytic capsule, various adhesins, and immunogenic cell wall components are all major virulence factors. After S. pneumoniae colonizes the air sacs of the lungs, the body responds by stimulating the inflammatory response, causing plasma, blood, and white blood cells to fill the alveoli.
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Propionibacterium acnes type zappae is a gram-positive, anaerobic, and endophytic bacterium species of Propionibacterium. It has recently been discovered in an interkingdom bacterial transfer with grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera), which is unexpected because P. acne is found on human skin. The bacterium colonizes in the bark tissue and the pith of the grapevine plant. P. zappae has endophytic characteristics which suggests that the bacterium has adapted to its new grapevine host as well as formed an endocellular symbiosis with the plant.
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Cynomya cadaverina is known to range throughout the Neartic region with it being found mostly in southern Canada but also in the northern United States. Despite their normal location, they have also been found in states as far south as Florida and Texas. This species is known as a cool weather species and colonizes carrion in the highest numbers in the spring and fall months. In most cases, they overwinter as adults and may enter into houses during that time.
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The rice false smut pathogen, Ustilaginoidea virens, invades through small gap at the apex of a rice spikelet before heading. The primary source of infection is the presence of chlamydospores in the soil (Ikegami, 1963). During the vegetative stage of the growth of the rice crop, the fungus colonizes the tissue on the growing points on the tillers (Ikegami, 1963). This happens when conidia get deposited on the spikelets of the rice crop, which later lead to the growth of hyphae.
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Lemierre's syndrome begins with an infection of the head and neck region. Usually this infection is a pharyngitis (which occurred in 87.1% of patients as reported by a literature review), but it can also be initiated by infections of the ear, mastoid bone, sinuses, or saliva glands. During the primary infection, F. necrophorum colonizes the infection site and the infection spreads to the parapharyngeal space. The bacteria then invade the peritonsillar blood vessels where they can spread to the internal jugular vein.
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There was also no difference in torpor durations in this experiment; the average torpor duration for infected bats was 9.1 days with an average arousal of 54 min. Average torpor duration for control bats was 8.5 days with an average arousal duration of 55 min. Infected bats suffered respiratory acidosis with an almost 40% higher mean pCO₂ than healthy bats, and potassium concentration was significantly higher. Hence the following model of infection exists: Pseudogymnoascus destructans colonizes and eventually invades the wing epidermis.
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The brown mussel naturally colonizes rocky shores but can also attach to submerged man-made objects such as navigation buoys, petroleum platforms and shipwrecks. The adult brown mussel can tolerate a temperature range of 10 to 30 °C and a salinity range of about 15 to 50 ppt. Its colonization of the hard strata improves that surface's marine ecology. The colonization increases surface area, encouraging other marine organisms such as limpets, polychaetes, barnacles, snails and algae to settle there as well.
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The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 8th century BC is a period of great change for several historically significant civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties lead to rule from Nubia in the 25th Dynasty. The Neo-Assyrian Empire reaches the peak of its power, conquering the Kingdom of Israel as well as nearby countries. Greece colonizes other regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.
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It colonizes forest steppe soil, mixed forest soil, and Mediterranean brown soil (pH 6.9-8.0) where the pH can be as low as 4.5, but is typically above 5.5. The fungus has also been found in aquatic environments, and heavily polluted areas, specifically heavy metal poisoned mines, fungicide, or nematicide infested soil, decayed plant material, leaves, roots, moss, and in the rhizosphere of various bean plants, barley, and the tomato plant. Larger populations of the fungus can be found in late spring and summer.
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Initially a Garde pilot in-training with the call number TS-256, she is promoted to commander's aide after Seii returns to full-time piloting duty, eventually moving into Nagate's home. Yuhata makes a hobby of building and customizing plastic model kits of Garde units in her spare time. Ten years after Sidonia colonizes the Lem star system, Yuhata undergoes a gender reassignment process and becomes male. Yuhata also becomes commander of a repaired Sidonia, which continues on in search of more planets to colonize.
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Vibrio cholera bacteria are transmitted through contaminated water. Once ingested, the bacteria colonizes the intestinal tract of the host and produces a toxin which causes body fluids to flow across the lining of the intestine. Death can result in 2–3 hours from dehydration if no treatment is provided. Before the discovery of an infectious cause, the symptoms of cholera were thought to be caused by an excess of bile in the patient; the disease cholera gets its name from the Greek word choler meaning bile.
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The French Marxist theorist Guy Debord, founding member of the Situationist International, argued that when the commodity becomes the "essential category" of society, i.e. when the process of commodification has been consummated to its fullest extent, the image of society propagated by the commodity (as it describes all of life as constituted by notions and objects deriving their value only as commodities tradeable in terms of exchange value), colonizes all of life and reduces society to a mere representation, The Society of the Spectacle.
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Map showing the distribution of the Solanaceae throughout the world (light green areas) Even though members of the Solanaceae are found on all continents except Antarctica, the greatest variety of species are found in Central America and South America. Centers of diversity also occur in Australia and Africa. Solanaceae occupy a great number of different ecosystems, from deserts to rainforests, and are often found in the secondary vegetation that colonizes disturbed areas. In general, plants in this family are of tropical and temperate distribution.
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It is considered a zoophilic dermatophyte, given that it typically colonizes the outer surface of animal's body. Hence, animals, cats and dogs are believed to be the population hosts of this fungus, while humans are occasional hosts, in which the fungus can induce secondary infections. Microsporum canis has been identified as a causal agent of a ringworm infection in pets, tinea capitis and tinea corporis in humans, children in particular. Microsporum canis is among the most common dermatophytes associated with tinea capitis and tinea corporis.
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Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is an exclusively clonal, anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot, fungal infection of nail, jock itch, and ringworm worldwide. Trichophyton rubrum was first described by in 1845 and is currently considered to be a complex of species that comprises multiple, geographically patterned morphotypes, several of which have been formally described as distinct taxa, including T. raubitschekii, T. gourvilii, T. megninii and T. soudanense.
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The fungus forms ectomycorrhiza-like structures with the sedge Carex flacca. The fruit bodies of Cortinarius cinnamomeus are common in damp places in coniferous forests, growing not only in Europe but apparently throughout the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. It has also been collected from Yunnan Province, China. Cortinarius cinnamomeus colonizes the root systems of the sedges Carex flacca and Carex pilulifera, forming ectomycorrhizal-like structures lacking a Hartig net—a network of hyphae that penetrate between the epidermal and cortical cells of the root.
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Due to the structure of the buttercup flowers, they are often pollinated by insects. Their petals have lines that direct insect pollinators to the nectar, while directing them across the sticky pollen grains The time of year that they bloom also plays a role in which insects will pollinate them; other members of the Ranunculaceae flower in mid-July. The Ranunculaceae also reproduce by agamospermy, the production of seeds asexually, which ensures that these plants can quickly fill habitats if a single parent plant colonizes.
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Life cycle of Puccinia graminis Like other Puccinia species, P. graminis is an obligate biotroph (it colonizes living plant cells) and has a complex life cycle featuring alternation of generations. The fungus is heteroecious, requiring two hosts to complete its life cycle – the cereal host and the alternate host. There are many species in Berberis and Mahonia that are susceptible to stem rust, but the common barberry is considered to be the most important alternate host. P. graminis is macrocyclic (exhibits all five of the spore types that are known for rust fungi).
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The Etruscan shrew favors warm and damp habitats covered with shrubs, which it uses to hide from predators. Areas where open terrain such as grasslands and scrub meet deciduous forests are usually inhabited. It can be found at sea level but is usually confined to the foothills and lower belts of mountain ranges, though has been found up to above sea level. It colonizes riparian thickets along the banks of lakes and rivers, as well as human-cultivated areas (abandoned gardens, orchards, vineyards, olive groves and edges of fields).
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He described them as "Two countries, two causes, two interests, two debts, two credits, two treasuries, two patriotisms, under the external colours of a sole country. Buenos Aires colonizes the provinces in the name of freedom, it has taken them under its yoke in the name of independence"."Dos países, dos causas, dos intereses, dos deudas, dos créditos, dos tesoros, dos patriotismos, bajo los colores externos de un solo país. Buenos Aires coloniza a las provincias en nombre de la libertad, las ha uncido a su yugo en nombre de la independencia".
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There is significant variation in symptoms between diseases, though some symptoms are expressed across species. On a macroscopic scale, plants infected with a X. fastidiosa- related disease exhibit symptoms of water deficiencies, manifesting as leaf scorching and stunting in leaves, fruit, and overall plant height. As the bacterium progressively colonizes xylem tissues, affected plants often block off their xylem which can limit the spread of this pathogen; blocking can occur in the form of polysaccharide rich gels, tyloses, or both. These plant defenses do not seem to hinder the movement of X. fastidiosa.
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Torulaspora delbrueckii is isolated from several human bioprocesses, including the bread industry where some T. delbrueckii strains are commercialized for frozen dough applications. Other applications include food fermentations of silage, cocoa, olive or cucumber; distilled and traditional fermented beverage production including mescal, colonche, tequila, cider, strawberry tree fruits juice, sugarcane juice or kefir; dairy products’ fermentations like traditional cheeses and fermented milk. Torulaspora delbrueckii can be an opportunistic spoilage yeast for dairy products or soft drinks (fruit juices, etc.). Torulaspora delbrueckii colonizes several natural environments, ranging from soils, to plants, fruits and insects.
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Initially assigned the call number TS-028, he is later designated unit 704 when he is promoted to full pilot status. Nagate later fathers a child with Tsumugi, whose consciousness now resides in one of the captured Crimson Hawk Moth samples, after Sidonia defeats the Large Mass Union Ship and colonizes the Lem star system. ; : :A fellow Garde pilot, ranked number two among the trainees, who Nagate meets and becomes his love interest. Initially assigned to call number TS-336, she is assigned to unit 702 when she is promoted to full pilot.
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In 1984, artichoke fields were reported to have been infected with powdery mildew for the first time. In the ensuing years the disease continued to reappear with each year the disease becoming more widespread than in the past.Specific Exemption for Use of Myclobutanil for Control of Powdery Mildew on Artichoke in California, California Environmental Protection Agency, Section 18 Emergency Exemption Request, May 27, 1998. The fungus colonizes the underside of leaves and the wind carries spores between fields. Severely infected leaves will discolor, collapse, and dry up prematurely; thus reducing the plant’s photosynthetic area.
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Stagnicola is an agaric fungal genus that contains the single species Stagnicola perplexa. This fungus colonizes plant debris in wet coniferous forest floor depressions and shallow pools, and fruits after the pools drain or dry in late summer to early fall in North America (Canada, USA) and Europe. The genus is characterized by smooth, yellowish brown basidiospores lacking a germ pore, and a naucorioid appearance, with brownish mycelium at the base of the stems. Phylogenetically, Stagnicola appeared rather isolated and proved to be closest to Mythicomyces and Mythicomyces was closest to the Psathyrellaceae.
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In part because of the humidity and high temperature environment, the bodies decayed quickly. Since only P. fulvinota, a species which colonizes all stages of decay was found on the bodies, no timeline of succession could be established. Had more thorough work been done on the part of the investigators or the use of DNA in forensic entomology been employed, a more conclusive post mortem interval could have been established through the casings of stage- specific arthropods.Pujol-Luz, José R., Helder Marques, Alexandre Ururahy- Rodriguez, Albertino Rafael, Fernando Santana, Luciano Arantes, and Reginaldo Canstantino.
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Verticillium wilt is a disease that can affect over 400 different eudicot plants, many of which are economically important worldwide. Several characteristics of Verticillium make it difficult to manage: prolonged survival in soils without the presence of a host, inaccessibility during infection, a wide host range, and limited resistance in host germplasm. However, all monocots, gymnosperms and ferns are immune. The fungus survives in the soil principally in the form of microsclerotia, invades the plant through the root system, colonizes the vasculature, and eventually leads to plant death.
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The fungus can infect seedlings and typically colonizes under the bark of the trees (3). Since the fungus infects under the bark, the signs of the pathogen aren't visible until the bark sheds off in response to the physical pressure imposed by the growthing pathogen; this typically happens in the transition between spring and summer (3). This shedding reveals large brown fungal mats, called stroma, which are the asexual reproductive structures that house the asexual spores, conidia, on conidiophores (4). At this point, the reproductive structures will release conidia (3).
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S. maltophilia frequently colonizes humid surfaces such as the tubes used in mechanical ventilation and indwelling urinary catheters as well as medical devices such as suction catheters and endoscopes. Infection is usually facilitated by the presence of prosthetic material (plastic or metal), and the most effective treatment is removal of the prosthetic material (usually a central venous catheter or similar device). S. maltophilia adheres strongly and forms biofilm on plastic surfaces although these abilities may vary greatly between strains. Hydrophobicity was correlated to successful adhesion and biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces.
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P. sulfincola colonizes smoker chimneys found near deep sea ridges in aggregations or singly upon vents. They grow up to a length of about 20-70 mm and secrete mucous in the form of a tube with two openings. This tube serves as a home, not only for the worm but also for a whole host of microbial organisms on which the worm feeds. The worm has a crown of branchial filaments on the anterior side of its body that it uses for gas exchange. Among polychaetes, P. sulfincola’s crown has the largest surface area.
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The disease is caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which colonizes the bat's skin. No obvious treatment or means of preventing transmission is known, and some species have declined >90% within five years of the disease reaching a site. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has called for a moratorium on caving activities in affected areas and strongly recommends to decontaminate clothing or equipment in such areas after each use. The National Speleological Society maintains an up-to-date page to keep cavers apprised of current events and advisories.
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Streptococcus salivarius is a species of spherical, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria that is both catalase and oxidase negative. S. salivarius colonizes (usually in chains) the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless in most circumstances. The bacteria is considered an opportunistic pathogen, rarely finding its way into the bloodstream, where it has been implicated in cases of sepsis in people with neutropenia, (a deficiency in white blood cells). S. salivarius has distinct characteristics when exposed to different environmental nutrients.
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F. virguliforme is a soil borne pathogen that starts by infecting the roots of soybean seedlings after germination. The fungus then moves up the plant and infects the vascular tissue, causing a brown color within the cortex around the pith of the plant a few inches above the soil surface. Toxins are produced by the fungus when it colonizes the cortex and are sent up the stem to the leaves, causing the above ground symptoms around first flower during mid- summer. While infection occurs early in the season, symptoms do not normally appear until mid-summer.
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The authors surmise that pioneering species can be excluded for the following reasons: the island has saturated levels of pre-existing competition, the pioneering species cannot maintain a population large enough to avoid extinction, and the island hosts too many or too few natural predators. When a species colonizes a new area, the authors state that the species will either shift, expand or contract its realized niche. Chapter 6 is a theoretical exploration of dispersal models. The authors consider how insular stepping stones affect the dispersion of species—particularly, the effects that size and isolation of stepping stones have on dispersion.
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Immunostaining of small bowel lesions in these cases commonly detects the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and is predictive that the disease will respond to antibiotics. However, it is not clear that this bacterium is the actual cause of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: it may merely colonizes the gut of individuals with the disease while other as yet unidentified antibiotic- sensitive bacteria or non-bacterial pathogens, e.g. parasites, underlie the disease's development. In primary small intestinal EMZL cases, double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy reveal the presence of extensive mucosal erosions and/or, less commonly, polyps, nodules, masses, and/or scarring.
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In N. meningitidis DUSs occur at a significantly higher density in genes involved in DNA repair and recombination (as well as in restriction-modification and replication) than in other annotated gene groups. The over-representation of DUS in DNA repair and recombination genes may reflect the benefit of maintaining the integrity of the DNA repair and recombination machinery by preferentially taking up genome maintenance genes, that could replace their damaged counterparts in the recipient cell. N. meningititis colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa, which is rich in macrophages. Upon their activation, macrophages produce superoxide (O2¯) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
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In the original continuity established by 1997's Armored Core through 2001's Armored Core 2: Another Age, Earth experienced a cataclysm known as the "Great Destruction" and humanity has been forced underground. Corporations begin fighting for dominance, leading to the increasing reliance on Armored Core pilots called Ravens. Following the events of 1999's Armored Core: Master of Arena, humanity rebuilds and colonizes Mars. Through 2000's Armored Core 2 and its expansion, Another Age, the fledgling Earth government struggles to maintain power as opportunistic corporations exploit the power gap and rebel groups resist against the hegemony of government and business interests.
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A. fischeri colonization of the light organ of the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid is currently studied as simple model for mutualistic symbiosis, as it contains only two species and A. fischeri can be cultured in a lab and genetically modified. This mutualistic symbiosis functions primarily due to A. fischeri bioluminescence. A. fischeri colonizes the light organ of the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid and luminesces at night, providing the squid with counter-illumination camouflage, which prevents the squid from casting a shadow on the ocean floor. A. fischeri colonization occurs in juvenile squids and induces morphological changes the squids light organ.
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Antennaria racemosa is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name racemose pussytoes. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Alberta south as far as northern California and Wyoming.US Forest Service Fire EcologyBiota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It grows in mountain forests, generally in moist, partially shaded areas, and often colonizes bare patches of mineral-rich soil, including disturbed areas. Antennaria racemosa is a glandular perennial herb which may be small, woolly, and matted to nearly hairless and erect to heights near 50 cm (20 inches).
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Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomachs of more than half of the world's population, and the infection continues to play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of gastroduodenal diseases. Colonization of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori results in the development of chronic gastritis in infected individuals, and in a subset of patients chronic gastritis progresses to complications (e.g., ulcer disease, stomach cancers, some distinct extragastric disorders). However, over 80 percent of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic and it has been postulated that it may play an important role in the natural stomach ecology.
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Some invasive species may create monocultural stands that prevent other species from growing there. A dominant colonization can occur from retardant chemicals exuded, nutrient monopolization, or from lack of natural controls such as herbivores or climate, that keep them in balance with their native habitats. The yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis, is a botanical monotypic habitat example of this, currently dominating over in California alone. The non-native freshwater zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, that colonizes areas of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed, is a zoological monotypic habitat example; the predators or parasites that control it in its home-range in Russia are absent.
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Seedling infection near the hypocotyl-root junction (just below the soil line) then occurs in the early spring following overwintering of Alternaria dauci mycelium or conidia. This infected region will become necrotic and lead to the production of more asexual conidia on conidiophores, which will serve as secondary inoculum. Wind and rain cause conidia to disperse to neighboring host species, and multiple germination tubes will be produced from each conidium that successfully colonizes a new host. As penetration occurs, Alternaria dauci will produce a chemical known as phytotoxin zinniol, which degrades cell membranes and chloroplasts, ultimately leading to the chlorotic symptoms characteristic of the disease.
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The location of colonization of H. pylori, which affects the location of the ulcer, depends on the acidity of the stomach. In people producing large amounts of acid, H. pylori colonizes near the pyloric antrum (exit to the duodenum) to avoid the acid-secreting parietal cells at the fundus (near the entrance to the stomach). In people producing normal or reduced amounts of acid, H. pylori can also colonize the rest of the stomach. The inflammatory response caused by bacteria colonizing near the pyloric antrum induces G cells in the antrum to secrete the hormone gastrin, which travels through the bloodstream to parietal cells in the fundus.
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The structures also incorporate habitat spaces for marine life that will promote an increase in biomass of local ecosystems. The sculptures are positioned in precise locations on the sea bed to avoid contact from strong currents and tidal patterns and are installed at the correct time for coral spawning to maximize their potential influence to the oceanic ecosystem. Art writer, Dr David De Russo, writes that "the sculptures are a living evolutionary exhibition as nature colonizes, and the sea and tidal movement deform their appearance developing a platform which will promote the re-generation of marine life. They are a means of conveying hope and environmental awareness"De Russo, David.
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The bacterium rapidly colonizes the host and attaches to the epithelial cells of the tonsils, moving down to the respiratory tract using type IV fimbriae. As the bacteria replicate, they release cytotoxins (in the form of Apx toxins), hemolysins and the LPS on their outer membranes. The subsequent lysis of macrophages causes a release of lysozymes, which in turn cause the tissue damage seen in porcine pleuropneumonia. Members of the family Pasteurellaceae routinely change the cellular processes of the infected cell. In particular, A. pleuropneumoniae activates the creation of various cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).
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Giardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia, is a flagellated parasitic microorganism, that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine, causing a diarrheal condition known as giardiasis. The parasite attaches to the epithelium by a ventral adhesive disc or sucker, and reproduces via binary fission. Giardiasis does not spread via the bloodstream, nor does it spread to other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but remains confined to the lumen of the small intestine.Harrison's Internal Medicine, Harrison's Online Chapter 199 Protozoal intestinal infections and trochomoniasis Giardia has an outer membrane that makes it possible to retain life, even when outside of the host body, and which can make it tolerant to chlorine disinfection.
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Shining sumac at Illinois State University Trunk of a shining sumac Shining sumac berries Shining sumac is often cultivated, where it is well-suited to natural and informal landscapes because it has underground runners which spread to provide dense, shrubby cover for birds and wildlife. This species is valued for ornamental planting because of its lustrous dark green foliage which turns a brilliant orange-red in fall. The fall color display is frequently enjoyed along interstate highways, as the plant readily colonizes these and other disturbed sites. The tiny, greenish-yellow flowers, borne in compact, terminal panicles, are followed by showy red clusters of berries which persist into the winter and attract wildlife.
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The book also follows humanity's exodus from Earth, and the ongoing battle against the Skrel. It contains the secrets of ghosting, the mastery of the cutlass, a schematic of the Ranger base, a complete guide to the highly evolved animals of Earth, and a handwritten journal entry from Cypher Raige. After Earth: A Perfect Beast ("The official prequel novel of the epic film After Earth") by Michael Jan Friedman, Robert Greenberger, and Peter David is set nearly 600 years after humanity finds, and colonizes, the planet Nova Prime. The paperback book, published by Del Rey Books on April 30, 2013, is set about 300 years after the last Skrel attack and the Rangers are in danger of being disbanded.
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Once the bacteria colonizes, diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, typically follows. STEC-HUS is usually preceded by a prodrome of diarrhea, which is often bloody, and is caused by Shiga-like toxin-producing bacteria such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), of which E. coli O157:H7 is the most common serotype. Other serotypes also cause disease and can emerge as new causes of STEC-HUS, as occurred with E. coli O104:H4, which triggered a 2011 epidemic of STEC-HUS in Germany. The typical pathophysiology of HUS involves the binding of Shiga-toxin to the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3; also called ceramide trihexoside which accumulates in Fabry disease) receptor on the surface of the glomerular endothelium.
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The Brazilian floating fern known as Salvinia molesta is now widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. This floating fern is known for its capability to take over large bodies of slow-moving fresh water. S. molesta has been naturalized in Texas and Louisiana, but has now been found and reported in Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, and Georgia. It can also be found where the lower Colorado River borders Arizona and California. “While S. molesta rapidly colonizes new states, current populations are too small to assess, but have been targeted for eradication.” The naturalized regions of Texas have 14 drainage basins that contain infested water bodies; these are used as impoundments on tributaries that flow near federally protected wetlands.
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At the sentencing, the presiding judge had made this comment: "Based on the evidence at trial, Giuseppe Ursino is a high-ranking member of the 'Ndrangheta who orchestrated criminal conduct and then stepped back to lessen his potential implication" ... Cosmin Dracea knew he was dealing with members of a criminal organization when he conspired to import cocaine". After the Ursino/Dracea trial, Tom Andreopoulos, deputy chief federal prosecutor, offered this comment about the organization: > "We’re talking about structured organized crime. We’re talking about a > political entity, almost; a culture of crime that colonizes across the sea > from Italy to Canada. This is one of the most sophisticated criminal > organizations in the world.
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Though there are some differences, both cultures share several traits: the creation of very small stone tools called microliths and the scarcity of figurative art, which seems to have vanished almost completely, being replaced by abstract decoration of tools, and in the Azilian, pebbles. In the late phase of this Epipaleolithic period, the Sauveterrean culture evolves into the so-called Tardenoisian and influences strongly its southern neighbour, clearly replacing it in Mediterranean Spain and Portugal. The recession of the glaciers allows human colonization in Northern Europe for the first time. The Maglemosian culture, derived from the Sauveterre-Tardenois culture but with a strong personality, colonizes Denmark and the nearby regions, including parts of Britain.
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Their original jersey, used in the inaugural 1996 MLS season, reflected the colors of the city of Los Angeles and featured black-and-teal halves, black sleeves with gold and red accents, black shorts and black socks. The Galaxy have had two logos to date. The original brand was gold, teal and black, and featured the Galaxy wordmark superimposed over a golden swirl, with a stylized black outline. The logo was changed in 2007, again to coincide with David Beckham's arrival,Beckham colonizes the Galaxy on BrandNew website, July 18, 2007 and now features a blue shield with a gold border, the LA Galaxy team name, and a quasar at the top of the crest.
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Ecological fitting can occur by a variety of mechanisms, and can help to explain some ecological phenomena. Resource tracking can help to explain the parasite paradox: that parasites are specialists with narrow environmental ranges, which would encourage host fidelity, yet scientists commonly observe parasite shifts onto novel hosts, both in the phylogenetic record and in ecological time. Ecological fitting can explain the frequency of this phenomenon: similar to the expansion phase of the cyclic life cycle described by Janzen, a species undergoes taxon pulses, usually in a time of ecological disturbance, and expands its range, disperses, and colonizes new areas. For parasite-host, insect-plant, or plant-pollinator associations, this colonization is facilitated by the organism tracking an ancestral resource, and not tracking a particular species.
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As discussed in an article by the company Scion of New Zealand analyzing control methods of A. novae-zelandiae, a costly but effective method of controlling disease caused by this pathogen has consisted of removing stumps before planting the next crop in an area. This is because the pathogen colonizes and persists on stumps and then attacks healthy trees once they are planted. Removal of old stumps helps remove the inoculum source. As of 2015, research is being done to see if biological control is another option, by increasing the incidence of other fungi which naturally colonize pine stumps and compete with Armillaria for the substrate, thus forcing the Armillaria species to be confined to smaller and more insignificant segments of the stump.
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B. longum colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract, where it, along with other Bifidobacterium species, represents up to 90% of the bacteria of an infant's gastrointestinal tract. This number gradually drops to 3% in an adult's gastrointestinal tract as other enteric bacteria such as Bacteroides and Eubacterium begin to dominate. Some strains of B. longum were found to have high tolerance for gastric acid and bile, suggesting that these strains would be able to survive the gastrointestinal tract to colonize the lower small and large intestines. The persistence of B. longum in the gut is attributed to the glycoprotein-binding fimbriae structures and bacterial polysaccharides, the latter of which possess strong electrostatic charges that aid in the adhesion of B. longum to intestinal endothelial cells.
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While the spores can colonize and slowly grow under the bark of trees in an endophytic stage, they do not demonstrate any pathogenic effects or grow in great numbers until the tree is water stressed, nutrient depleted, or physically damaged; for this reason, the year following a significant drought or other physical stress is often when Hypoxylon canker is seen in shade trees (4). Thus, before stress, Hypoxylon only infects its host in a local, benign manner, with limited propagation. Once the stress occurs, however, the fungus colonizes the inner parts of the bark and vascular system; while the infection is not fully systemic, it is certainly less localized than before stress (4). Hypoxylon canker of shade trees has both an asexual (anamorph) and sexual (teleomorph) life cycle (2).
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The mouths of Esequibo and Orinoco, and the entire coast of Guyana was known and explored by Alonso de Ojeda and Pedro Alonso Niño, who they arrived at Demerara in 1499, as referred to by Juan de la Cosa, who also mapped the area. The point at which they touched down was called Cabo de San Alonso.El Descubrimiento y la fundación de los reinos ultramarinos: hasta fines del siglo XVI, 1982, Rialp 8432121029, 9788432121029 Between 1530 and 1531, Diego de Ordás conquers and colonizes the entire Guiana coast, and in 1594 Spain officially takes possession of the Province of Guyana, which It included the Guiana Esequiba currently claimed by Venezuela. It is believed that until the Dutch invasion of 1615, more than 2000 Spanish settlers occupied this territory.
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C. elatum is a very common and widely distributed species of Chaetomium, with it being found all over the world. The species has been found in many areas of the United States, Canada, England, France, Russia, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland, the Galapagos Islands and many other localities. It is the most common species of fungi that grows on damp rotting straw, but has also been found and isolated from a variety of materials like rope, burlap, wood, paper, cellulose products, animal dung, seeds, barrel hoops, old brooms, Hordeum vulgare L, Triticum aestivum and the dead leaves of Typha and Sparganium. In general this species of Chaetomium mainly colonizes cereal, Alkali seepweed, True grasses, has been found to interact with Japanese yew, Alkali seepweed, European rabbit, Bread wheat, True grasses, Corn.
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S. alboranicus is one of the 26 plants, 20 vascular plants and 6 lichen cited as having inhabited the island, although, not all at the same time. Range of S. alboranicus on 7.1 hectares :Typical of the tenacious genus Senecio, the small shrub Azuzón de Alborán colonizes areas that could be described as disturbed and unstabilized as it does live where there is an accumulation of volcanic ashes and shell laden sand, historically perturbed by natural events and human activities. Also typical, this species produces three generations of plants each year and is non-competitive; the middle generation of S. alboranicus shares its part of the island with Lavatera mauritanica and Anacyclus alboranensis. Atypical of the genus, this species is a halophile, growing in soils with a known high concentration of salt.
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Memorial obelisk at the Kommunarka execution site in Moscow, Russia, commemorating the Mongolian victims, including Amar In Moscow, Amar was tortured into making a full confession to all of the accusations made against him. Ironically, while awaiting trial in Moscow Amar was jailed with Luvsansharav, the very same person who had arrested him and who had also fallen victim to Choibalsan's purges shortly thereafter. On July 10, 1941, Amar was tried by a Soviet troika and sentenced to death. Throughout the trial Amar insisted that, if the Mongolian People’s Republic were really an independent nation, he should be tried by a Mongolian court. His last recorded words were “it is typical that when a big power colonizes a small country, its leaders are arrested and persecuted. My personal experience demonstrates this attitude of the USSR towards Mongolia”.
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United Fruit." Bolivian President Evo Morales praised Avatar for "resistance to capitalism" and the "defense of nature". Saritha Prabhu, an Indian-born columnist for The Tennessean, wrote about the parallels between the plot and how "Western power colonizes and invades the indigenous people (native Americans, Eastern countries, you substitute the names), sees the natives as primitives/savages/uncivilized, is unable or unwilling to see the merits in a civilization that has been around longer, loots the weaker power, all while thinking it is doing a favor to the poor natives."Alt URL David Brooks, in The New York Times, criticized what he saw as the "White Messiah complex" in the film, whereby the Na'vi "can either have their history shaped by cruel imperialists or benevolent ones, but either way, they are going to be supporting actors in our journey to self- admiration.
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Atwell, 5 South African writer Rian Malan also felt the racial gap was key, describing Foe as "the most profound book ever written about race relations in a society where whites were often separated from blacks by an abyss of linguistic and cultural incomprehension." When Malan interviewed Coetzee for Time Magazine, he questioned the writer about this theme, who only replied, "I would not wish to deny you your reading." Professor Manju Jaidka of Panjab University, Chandigarh noted that Barton, as a woman in a very masculine text, in herself represents "the minority, the marginalised, or the silenced other." Jane Poyner in J.M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual highlighted the inherent tension in Barton's role, as she simultaneously struggles against the efforts of Foe to appropriate and misrepresent her story and unintentionally "'colonizes' Friday's story" herself as she interprets his silence.
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Alpine valley, like Oldest Dryas The Oldest Dryas is a biostratigraphic subdivision layer corresponding to an abrupt cooling event, or stadial, which occurred during the last glacial retreat. The time period to which the layer corresponds varies between regions, but it is generally dated as starting at 18.5-17 ka BP and ending 15-14 ka BP. As with the Younger and Older Dryas events, the stratigraphic layer is marked by abundance of the pollen and other remains of Dryas octopetala, an indicator species that colonizes arctic-alpine regions. In the Alps, the Oldest Dryas corresponds to the Gschnitz stadial of the Würm glaciation. The term was originally defined specifically for terrestrial records in the region of Scandinavia, but has come to be used both for ice core stratigraphy in areas across the world, and to refer to the time period itself and its associated temporary reversal of the glacial retreat.
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Within a specific kingdom ( Plantae, Animalia, Fungi etc) the localization of viruses colonizing the host can vary: Some human viruses, for example, HIV, colonizes only the immune system, while influenza viruses on the other hand can colonize either the upper respiratory tract or the lower respiratory tract depending on the type (human Influenza virus or avian influenza viruses respectively). Different viruses can have different routes of transmission; for example, HIV is directly transferred by contaminated body fluids from an infected host into the tissue or bloodstream of a new host while influenza is airborne and transmitted through inhalation of contaminated air containing viral particles by a new host. Research has also suggested that solid surface plays a role in the transmission of water viruses. In a experiments that used E.coli phages, Qβ, fr, T4, and MS2 confirmed that viruses survive on a solid surface longer compared to when they are in water.
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Another collection at US, sheet 899980 is a collection by N.M. Bolander from San Francisco, California in 1861 with the inscription: "Collected in front of a Chinese workhouse". Although the species has been documented in past cultivation in both Highlands and Alachua Counties in FL, and as stated above, in Georgia and California, those plants have apparently not persisted and it is now found throughout southern Florida in Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Lee, Collier, Monroe and Hendry counties. It initially colonizes the margins of roadways, fields, and forests, from which it can spread to undisturbed areas. The ability of Burma reed to survive at high altitudes in its native range indicates a tolerance to cold and the potential for it to spread further north in the U.S. Seeds and rhizomes are also transported inadvertently in limestone rock from infested quarries that is carried by train from Miami-Dade County to concrete manufacturers throughout the southeastern United States.
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