Petisco Saloio, Avenida Barbosa Du Bocage 103, Campo Pequeno, Tel.
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For the Germans, the bocage offered cover and ambush opportunities for mortar teams and machine guns.
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At the start of the campaign, the Americans found themselves fighting through the Norman "bocage," an area of small fields lined with thick, raised hedgerows and narrow, sunken lanes.
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Today, the area remains mostly as it was back then, small patches of agricultural land controlled by local farmers in settlements known as bocage: pastures divided into small fields, interspersed with groves of trees separating each plot.
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Eddie Bo was survived by two sisters; Gloria Bocage-Sylva, who lives in Oakland, California, and Lisa Bocage-Howard, and two brothers; Oliver and Cornelius; plus eleven children: Valeri Ann Bocage, Edwin Joseph Bocage, Jr., Owen David Bocage, Nancy Marie Bocage-Siegel, Cheryl Bocage-Joseph, Tanya Bocage-Sales, Sonjia Bocage- Anderson, Tomekia Bocage-Jones and Ava Nicol.
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Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of John. # John (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of Alphonse.
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Lindsay & Johnstone, pp. 21–3, 27–31. On 10 June, 22nd Armoured Bde led the division's advance towards Villers-Bocage, but progress was slow through the restricted Bocage country, and the brigade was badly beaten at the Battle of Villers Bocage on 13 June.Ellis, Vol I, pp. 251–6.
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Angela Bocage is a bisexual comics creator who published mainly in the 1980s and 1990s. Bocage was active in the queer comics community during these decades, publishing in collections like Gay Comix, StripAIDS USA, and Wimmen’s Comix. Bocage also created, edited, and contributed comics to Real Girl, a comics anthology.
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Bocage eventually went back to school for law and became an immigration attorney based in Boston. Bocage worked at a headhunting firm but left in the 1980s to create comics.
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The animal was first described as Rana newtoni by Bocage in 1886.Bocage, 1866. Reptiles et bataciens nouveaux de lIe de St. Thomé. Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, Lisboa, vol.
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Schools in Moka include Le Bocage International School,"Home." Le Bocage International School. Retrieved on May 4, 2015. Mahatma Gandhi Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Secondary School, St. Mary Roman Catholic School, and Ecole du Centre.
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Amayé-sur-Seulles is located four kilometres west of Villers-Bocage and 20 kilometres south of Bayeux in the Seulles valley. It can be accessed by road D71 coming west from Villers-Bocage through the heart of the commune and village and continuing west to Caumont-l'Evente. The road D193 running west from Cahagnes to Villers- Bocage forms the southern boundary of the commune. The road D215 also starts from the hamlet of Saint-German in the commune and runs south-west to Tracy- Bocage.
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The description of the species was published by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1873.Bocage, J. V. Barboza du. 1873. Mélanges erpétologiques. l. Note sur quelques geckotiens nouveaux ou peu connus de la Nouvelle Calédonie.
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A knocked-out Cromwell tank in the streets of Villers-Bocage. Destroyed vehicles of 1st Rifle Brigade's anti-tank platoon on the road outside Villers-Bocage. Browning machine gun, 31 December 1944. On 10 June, 22nd Armd Bde led the division's advance towards Villers- Bocage, but progress was slow through the restricted Bocage country, and the brigade was badly beaten in the Battle of Villers-Bocage on 13 June when it led 7th Armd Division in an attempted push round the flank of Panzer Lehr Division. Ambushed by Tiger I tanks of 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, the brigade group lost a large number of tanks of 4th CLY and vehicles of 1st RB in the first 15 minutes.
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Manuel Maria Barbosa l'Hedois du Bocage (15 September 1765 – 21 December 1805), most often referred to simply as Bocage, was a Portuguese Neoclassic poet, writing at the beginning of his career under the pen name Elmano Sadino.
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The specific name bocagei refers to naturalist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage.
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In 1956 and 1957, the British and Commonwealth system of battle honours recognised participation in the Battle of Villers-Bocage by the award to 11 units of the battle honour Villers Bocage, for service in expanding the bridgehead from 8–15 June. For his actions at Villers-Bocage, Michael Wittmann was promoted to Hauptsturmführer and awarded Swords to his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
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Since July 1992 Starzach is friendly connected with Bocage Gatinais near Paris, France.
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Hautteville-Bocage is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
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The Anchieta's cobra was first described by Portuguese zoologist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1879.Bocage JVB du (1879). "Reptiles et batraciens nouveaux d'Angola ". Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes, Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 7: 97–99.
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He acted with great distinction and a passionate energy. In the 1830s, Bocage was, with Michel de Bourges, her divorce lawyer and the Swiss writer Charles Didier, amongst George Sand's lovers. A as member of the Comédie-Française, Bocage also played the classical repertoire, and he appeared as late as 1819 in La Vieillesse de Richelieu. Bocage also was a member of the Théâtre de l'Odéon, becoming its director in 1845.
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Two communes of Calvados, Saint-Manvieu-Norrey and Saint-Manvieu-Bocage, bear his name.
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The canton was organised around the commune of Villers- Bocage in the arrondissement of Caen.
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Reigneville-Bocage is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north- western France.
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Teurthéville-Bocage is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
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Yvetot-Bocage is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north- western France.
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Ellis, Normandy, pp. 230–1, 250–6, 261. A period of static warfare then followed for 50th (N) Division until the German front began to break up at the end of July. The other brigades of 50th (N) Division began pushing forward on 30 July, then on 2 August 69th Bde attacked and captured a hill west of Villers Bocage against small-arms fire, afterwards capturing Tracy-Bocage on the high ground outside Villers-Bocage.
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Tracy-Bocage is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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Villers-Bocage is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
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Montbrun-Bocage (Montbrun in Occitan) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department of southwestern France.
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Peter Edwin Bocage (31 July 1887 – 3 December 1967) was an American jazz trumpeter and violinist.
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Préaux-Bocage is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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Villy-Bocage is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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The cemetery is south of Bayeux on the road to Villers- Bocage, on the D.13.
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Bocage at around 20 years old Bocage was born in the Portuguese city of Setúbal, in 1765, to José Luís Soares de Barbosa and Mariana Joaquina Xavier l'Hedois Lustoff du Bocage, of French family. Bocage began to make verses in infancy, and being somewhat of a prodigy grew up to be flattered, self-conscious and unstable. At the age of fourteen, he suddenly left school and joined the 7th Infantry Regiment; but tiring of garrison life at Setúbal after two years, he decided to enter the Portuguese navy. He proceeded to the Royal Marine Academy in Lisbon but instead of studying he pursued love adventures.
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Lucy-le-Bocage is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
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Cérilly is located in the bocage bourbonnais natural region, spanning a sixth of la Forêt de Tronçais.
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Philothamnus girardi is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species was described and named by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1893.Barbosa du Bocage, J.V. (1893). Diagnoses de deux nouveaux reptiles de l'île de Anno-Bon Jornal de Sciências, Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisbõa, sér.
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It covers .The Carrière des Nerviens's site is . But only the property of the CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois is classified of the regional nature reserve; the parcels belonging to other owners were not classified. CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois owns a parcel of land on the other side of the railtrack.
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It is threatened by habitat loss. The species was first described by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1889.
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The commune is located at the foot of the foothills of the Armorican Massif on the Odon river a few kilometres east from its source. It is at the heart of the Pre-Bocage country of transition between the Caen plain, the Bessin, and the Bocage virois with which it is also connected. Located at the intersection of several county roads, the agglomeration is south of Villers-Bocage, south-west of Caen, and north-east of Vire. The D8 goes north-east to Bauquay and Caen.
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Bocage in the role of Buridan in La Tour de Nesle by Alexandre Dumas (1832). Pierre-Martinien Tousez, better known by his stage name Bocage, (Rouen, November 11, 1799–Paris, August 30, 1862) was a French actor. Born into a poor family of laborers, Bocage was, early on, forced to work in a weaving factory in order to earn an income. Having learned how to read and write without going to school, he began to read, from an early age, the works of Shakespeare.
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It was described in 1898 by Portuguese zoologist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage. Bocage initially placed it in the now-defunct genus Cynonycteris, with a binomial of C. angolensis. Its species name "angolensis" is Latin for "Angolan," likely in reference to the fact that the holotype was collected near Pungo Andongo in Angola.
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The species T. ozorii was originally described and named by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1893.Barbosa du Bocage JV (1893). "Diagnoses de deux nouveaux reptiles de l'île de Anno-Bom" Jornal de Sciências, Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisbõa, Segunda Série [Second Series] 3: 47-48. ("Mabuia Ozorii ", new species, p. 47).
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Near the airfield runway, the Bocage flying club was created in 1983. In 2014, an ultralight aviation section was created.
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Neighborhoods included Barnet Springs, Bocage Place, Downtown, Marcus Pointe, Melrose, Savannah Trace, French Quarter, Tanglewood, Wood Stone, and Roberts Extension.
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Ritgen rendezvoused with the Panzer-Lehr Division commanding officer, Generalleutnant Fritz Bayerlein, at Villy-Bocage. As Ritgen's tanks moved towards Villers-Bocage they ran into a British anti-tank gun screen and lost a tank. Four Panzer IVs entered the town from the south and the first two tanks were knocked out; the others withdrew.
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The National Museum of the Château de Compiègne houses two prints of Bocage by Alphonse-Léon Noël and Benjamin Roubaud. When Bocage's theatrical wardrobe was put up for sale, Virginie Déjazet asked for the dagger that he had used in Alexandre Dumas' Antony, as a most precious souvenir. French writer Paul Bocage was his nephew.
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Another part of the museum is dedicated to Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage, a famous 18th-century poet born in Setúbal.
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Bocage was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas. She attended the University of California in Santa Cruz as an art major in the 1970s where she was part of the Graphic Stories Guild with Mark Clegg, another comics artist. She published a comic strip called “The Worm” in the Guild's publication. The Graphic Stories Guild was a student-run comics club that published issues of student comics for distribution both on an off campus. While at Santa Cruz, Bocage also participated in the creation of fanzines “Slug Tesserae” and “Amoeba Earhart Flyer.” Also in college, Bocage created a women's section in the university newspaper.
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Anctoville is located some 30 km south-west of Caen and 5 km north-west of Villers-Bocage in the Bessin area in the Seulles valley. It can be accessed by the D67 road from Saint-Germain-d'Ectot in the north passing through the village and continuing south-east to Villers-Bocage. The D92 road also passes through the length of the commune and the village from south-west to north-east. In the north-east of the commune the D33 road from Longraye in the north passes through and continues south-east to Villers-Bocage.
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On 13 June, they led the advance of 22nd Armoured Brigade with A Company of 1st Battalion, Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) by road from Villers-Bocage and were ambushed by a detachment comprising five Tiger tanks.Taylor, Daniel (1999) Villers-Bocage, though the Lens. Battle of Britain Intl. Jouault, Yann & Deprun, Frederic (1915) Villers-Bocage, Autopsie d'une Bataille. Heimdal. & 9782840483847 One of the Tigers, commanded by SS-Obersturmführer Michael Wittmann, cut in behind the lead squadron, cutting them off and destroying the soft-skinned vehicles of the Rifle Brigade before running into the Sharpshooters Headquarters Troop and accompanying artillery observation tanks.
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Boulonnais, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France Bocage (, ) is a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture characteristic of parts of France, England and Ireland, as well as in the Netherlands and in northern Germany, in regions where pastoral farming is the dominant land use. Chelsea porcelain candle-holder with bocage background, c. 1765 Bocage may also refer to a small forest, a decorative element of leaves, or a type of rubble-work, comparable with the English use of "rustic" in relation to garden ornamentation. In the decorative arts, especially porcelain, it refers to a leafy screen spreading above and behind figures.
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English bocage (Edale valley, Peak District) In Southeast England, in spite of a sedimentary soil which would not fit this landscape, a bocage resulted from the movement of the enclosure of the open fields. England developed in the 17th century an ambitious sea policy. It imported Russian wheat, cheaper than English wheat. The enclosures favoured sheep husbandry and limited English cereal grain production.
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In Normandy, the bocage acquired a particular significance in the Chouannerie during the French Revolution.Michel Moulin, Mémoires de Michelot Moulin sur la Chouannerie normande, A. Picard, 1893, pp. 88–89 It was also significant during the Battle of Normandy in World War II, as it made progress against the German defenders difficult. In response, "Rhino tanks" fitted with bocage-cutting modifications were developed.
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38; Berceuse ("Lullaby"), op. 36; Le Bocage ("The wooded farmland"), op. 51; Danse mauresque ("Moorish dance"), op. 34; Fleur d'Aragon ("Flower of Aragon"), op.
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Old Time Relijun, Julie Doiron, Zu, Flotation Toy Warning, Minor Majority, Victory Hall, Thomas Belhom, Park Attack, Encre, My Name is Nobody, Ichabod Crane, Bocage.
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Pearce wrote that Wittmann engaged the Cromwell with the Tiger turret reversed. Dyas escaped the tank and was shot at by German infantry in houses along the street.J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson,"Return to Villers-Bocage" The Sharpshooter Newsletter 2003, p. 18 Wittmann drove east to the outskirts of Villers-Bocage, before being disabled by a 6-pounder anti- tank gun at the Tilly-sur-Seulles road junction.
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The 1st company assembled at Noyers ( northeast of Villers-Bocage); the 2nd company assembled in a defile south of Montbrocq ( northeast of Villers-Bocage); the 3rd company was still held up farther to rear; von Westernhagen's battalion command post was established at Baron-sur-Odon. The battalion was immediately ordered to cover the left flank of the I. SS Panzer Corps, the crews had no rest.
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The Bavay's municipality has erected two barriers to prohibit access to motorized vehicles. Volunteers and employees of the CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois manage the site regularly.
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Moncoutant is located in a bocage area in northern Deux-Sèvres, on the Sèvre Nantaise, 50 km north of Niort and 15 km south of Bressuire.
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Next day, XXX Corps was to commence operations to take ground around Noyers, ready to reach the high ground to the north-east of Villers-Bocage.
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The latest copies are available on the website of la Communauté de Communes du Bocage Cénomans. The legal deposit is in the municipal library of Angers.
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Aunay-Sur-Odon is south of Villers-Bocage, south-west of Caen, and north-east of Vire. The two communities visit each other's towns in alternate years.
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Dempsey, privy to ULTRA decrypts of intercepted German signal traffic, knew the counter-attack was coming and approved O'Connor's precautions. VIII Corps began to reorganise to meet the attack.Jackson, p. 45 Supply echelons for Hausser's divisions were located in the Évrecy–Noyers-Bocage–Villers-Bocage area and were the focus of RAF fighter-bomber attention throughout the morning and early afternoon; the RAF claimed the destruction of over 200 vehicles.
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This culminated in a major assault on 11 July. The 1st Battalion was withdrawn from the line the next day, testimony to the hard fighting. The Battalion was in the vanguard of the assault towards Villiers Bocage later in the month. There were stiff fights at St Germain d’Ectot and Launay. Villiers Bocage was taken on 4 August, following which the 50th Division was taken out of the line.
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He ordered machine gun crews to cover the exits of fields that were bounded by bocage—tall, dense hedgerows—so that glider infantry and paratroopers would come under fire as they moved out of their landing area.Masters, 1995, p. 48. The bocage hedgerows themselves were the worst hazard to safe glider landings, and caused more glider casualties than Rommelspargel. Rommel reported after an inspection tour in April 1944Devlin, 1979, p. 369.
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The species H. greeffii was described and named by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1886 when he visited the archipelago describing wildlife.Bocage, J. V. Barboza du (1886).
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The Music Lesson, gold anchor, c. 1765, with bocage background. 15 3/8 × 12 1/4 × 8 3/4 inches, 22 lb. (39.1 × 31.1 × 22.2 cm, 10 kg).
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Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Retrieved 26 November 2019. The species was first described by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1878.
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The land was held by Milo de Nuiers in 1200. This name derives from Noyers-Bocage in Normandy.Eilert Ekwall, Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.456.
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334 Le Phoque (The Seal, 1878, with Delacour) at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal and La Poudre d'escampette (The Quick Getaway, with Henri Bocage) at the Théâtre des Variétés.
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After the struggle for the Bocage, he defends against the German outbreak at the Battle of the Bulge, and then drives on to the victorious crossing of the Rhine.
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For the next two months the division fought its way slowly through the Bocage country.Barnes, pp. 102–31.Ellis, Vol I, pp. 230–1, 334, 388–9, 402, 409.
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L'Oie is a former commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. Since January 1, 2016, it is part of Essarts-en- Bocage.
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Chelsea porcelain factory, The Music Lesson, gold anchor, c. 1765, with bocage background. 15 3/8 × 12 1/4 × 8 3/4 inches, 22 lb. (39.1 × 31.1 × 22.2 cm, 10 kg).
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Sainte-Florence is a former commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. Since January 1, 2016, it is part of Essarts- en-Bocage.
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Les Essarts () is a former commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of Essarts- en-Bocage.
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101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion had arrived in Normandy on 12 June, after a five-day drive from Beauvais. The battalion had an establishment of 45 Tiger I but had been reduced to about 17 serviceable tanks by an air attack near Versailles. The 1st Company moved to a position north-east of Villers-Bocage; the 2nd Company to just south of Point 213 on the Villers-Bocage ridge and the 3rd remained near Falaise with one serviceable tank.
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Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, commanding the British Second Army, was switched westward towards Villers-Bocage adjacent to the American army. Originally, Dempsey planned to attack on August 2, but the speed of events on the American front forced him to advance the date. Initially, only two weak German infantry divisions held the intended attack frontage, south and east of Caumont, although they had laid extensive minefields and constructed substantial defences. They also occupied ideal terrain for defence, the bocage.
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On 12 June, an opportunity arose. The Germans had a gap in their front lines near the Town of Caumont-l'Éventé. The 7th Armoured Division was sent to exploit the gap and head towards Villers-Bocage in an attempt to outflank the German Panzer-Lehr-Division and force them to withdraw, resulting in the Battle of Villers-Bocage. This attack was thwarted by elements of the Panzer Lehr Division and the 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion.
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The canton is organised around the commune of Villers- Bocage in the arrondissement of Amiens. The altitude varies from 20m (Saint- Vaast-en-Chaussée) to 154m (Talmas) for an average of 92m.
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Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park (Fr.: Parc naturel régional Normandie- Maine) is a protected area of forest and bocage located in the French regions of Lower Normandy and Pays-de-la-Loire.
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Beauchêne is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2015, Beauchêne and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage.
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In France the term is in more general use, especially for Normandy, with a similar meaning. Bocage landscape in France is largely confined to Normandy, Brittany and parts of the Loire valley.
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Bourbonnais bocage covers most of the western and central parts of the department (including the Forest of Tronçais), followed by the Bourbonnais Sologne in the east north-east, the Bourbonnais Mountain (near Vichy) which is the highest point of Bourbonnais together with Montoncel (peaking at 1,287 metres), and finally in the south of the department, the Bourbonnais Limagne, which extends from Varennes to Gannat, and is the breadbasket of the department. ;The Bourbonnais Bocage To the north and just over 500 metres above sea level, the Bourbonnais Bocage occupies one- third of the department, with two parts: the centre and the west (for the part between the Val de Cher and western boundaries of the territory). The bocage is especially remarkable for its rich forests and woodlands including the Forest of Tronçais but also the forests of Moladier Bagnolet, Civrais, Soulongis, Grosbois, Dreuille, Lespinasse and Suave. Almost all of the southern area consists of Combrailles which is sometimes called High Bourbonnais, in an area that goes beyond the departmental boundaries of Creuse and Puy-de-Dôme.
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He fought at Tilly sur Seulles and Villers Bocage. He was commended for bravery by Field Marshal Montgomery in 1944 during the campaign in France. He rose to the rank of Sergeant Major.
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Bocage is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of lizards: Podarcis bocagei and Trachylepis bocagii.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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The Communauté de communes du Bocage is a former communauté de communes in the Seine-et-Marne département and in the Île-de-France région of France. It was dissolved in January 2017.
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Larchamp is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in north-western France. On 1 January 2015, Larchamp and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage.
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Frênes is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in north-western France. On 1 January 2015, Frênes and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage.
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Yvrandes is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in north-western France. On 1 January 2015, Yvrandes and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage.
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An important related edition is that of the Maps, plans, views, and coins, illustrative of the Travels of Anacharsis the younger in Greece by engraver Barbié du Bocage, published in English in 1832.
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Bocage was a prominent local businessman, who owned a brick manufactory and a steam engine production plant in the city. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
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Darrow is an unincorporated community in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is the location of three properties listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places: Bocage, Helvetia Dependency, and Hermitage plantations.
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209–13, 230–1, 253-6.Barnes, pp. 102–15. For the next two months the division fought its way slowly through the Bocage country before being relieved on 5 August.Ellis, Normandy, pp.
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At around 13:00, tanks of the Panzer-Lehr Division advanced into Villers-Bocage unsupported by infantry. Four Panzer IVs tried to enter from the south near a wrecked Panzer IV and two were knocked out by anti-tank fire. Some Tigers were brought up and silenced the anti-tank position. Möbius divided the primary counter-attack down the main highway through Villers- Bocage and through the southern section of town parallel to the main road, to secure the town centre.
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The 7th Armoured Division side-stepped westwards and attacked through a gap on the right flank opened by the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and the 1st US Infantry Division, capturing the town of Villers-Bocage. German forces counter-attacked immediately and the Battle of Villers-Bocage ended in a costly stalemate. The vanguard of the 7th Armoured Division withdrew from the town and by 17 June, the Panzer Lehr Division had also been forced back and XXX Corps had taken Tilly-sur-Seulles.
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This is the order of battle for the Battle of Villers-Bocage, a World War II battle on 13 June 1944 between British and German forces in Normandy, France as part of Operation Perch.
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Erskine was replaced by Major General Gerald Lloyd-Verney. Historians largely agree that this was a consequence of the "failure" at Villers-Bocage and had been planned since that battle.Fortin, p. 10Forty, p. 104Taylor, p.
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On 14 June, the 22nd Armoured Brigade group formed an all round defensive position, a "brigade box", in the Amayé-sur-Seulles–Tracy-Bocage–St-Germain area to overlook Villers-Bocage. Supported by the 1st Company, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, the Panzer-Lehr Division attacked the Brigade Box. The 1st US Infantry Division, on the heights around Caumont, opened observed artillery fire, which helped to defeat the first German attack. Later attacks got so close that the artillery could not fire without hitting British positions.
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During the early hours of 13 June, the 1st Rifle Brigade reconnoitred the first of the route. Livry was reported to be clear of Germans and the advance resumed at 05:30 with the 4th CLY leading the way. The column was met by jubilant French civilians, leading to a relaxed mood among the soldiers. Erroneous information was passed to the British that German tanks were stranded in Tracy-Bocage and rumours held that other tanks were similarly stranded at the Château de Villers-Bocage.
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Like a lot of other local musicians Eddie frequented the premier blues venue in town, the Dew Drop Inn on LaSalle Street.Stephenson, M. Watson, T. Wight, P. (2006) "The Curtailed Eddie Bo Interview" Blues and Rhythm website Retrieved on August 30, 2007 He played at the Club Tijuana under the name of Spider Bocage, later forming the Spider Bocage Orchestra, which toured the country supporting singers Big Joe Turner, Earl King, Guitar Slim, Johnny Adams, Lloyd Price, Ruth Brown, Smiley Lewis, and The Platters.
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The zoology collection at the Lisbon Museum is called the Bocage Museum in his honor. Bocage was born in Funchal, Madeira. He studied at the University of Coimbra from 1839 to 1846. He became lecturer of the chair of Zoology at the Polytechnic School, Lisbon (later the Science Faculty of the University of Lisbon) in 1851, where he taught for more than 30 years. In 1858, he became also the scientific director and curator of Zoology of the Natural History Museum of the Polytechnic School.
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Dempsey ordered the 7th Armoured Division to exploit the opening, seize Villers-Bocage and advance into the western flank of the Panzer Lehr Division. After the Battle of Villers-Bocage, the position was judged untenable and 7th Armoured Division withdrew on 14 June. The division was reinforced by the 33rd Armoured Brigade, another follow-up formation, ready to resume the attack but on 19 June, a severe storm descended upon the English Channel, damaging the Mulberry harbours and worsening the delay in unloading of reinforcements and supplies.
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Going into action almost immediately they began taking casualties at Granville Crossroads, Livry in the fighting around Villers-Bocage. From 11–30 June, the 8th were involved in the advance through the Bocage with the 22nd Armoured Brigade. They were involved in action against the 2nd Panzer Division, with the 8th leading their division out of the bridgehead. On 30 June, they handed over their positions to tanks from the US 2nd Armored Division and withdrew for a rest and a refit of the tanks.
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It crops at Montchamp near the hamlets of Lamerie, la Druerie and la Saffrie, 9 km to the east of Le Bény-Bocage and arrives at Le Tourneur where, having been rejoined by several affluents, it runs along the bed of a steep westwards pictorial valley, formed from the cambrian syncline of la zone bocaine. It lies in the bocage virois. It joins the Vire, at the northern limit of Carville and Sainte-Marie-Laumont. It then runs westwards through les gorges de la Vire.
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Du Bocage is a historic house at 1115 West 4th Street in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof and weatherboard siding. A two-story gabled section projects from the center of the front, supported by large Greek Revival columns, with a balustraded porch on the second level. The house was built in 1866 by Joseph Bocage, a veteran of the American Civil War, using lumber from the land and milled by his own mills.
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Schneider, Tigers in Combat, p. 206 At 08:30 on 13 June 1944, the 22nd Armoured Brigade entered Villers-Bocage. The advancement conducted without additional reconnaissance was a costly mistake for the British as they were oblivious to the presence of 2nd Company, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion. The Company commander, SS-Obersturmführer Michael Wittmann, engaged the British with a lone Tiger tank first along N175 as he advanced towards Villers-Bocage, and later in the town itself, until his Tiger was immobilized from an antitank gun.
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Members of the Green Howards (of either the 6th or 7th Battalions) talking to French civilians, 23 August 1944. Timed to support the American break out to the west (Operation Cobra), VIII Corps and XXX Corps were to attack south. 50th Division was to advance towards Villers-Bocage with the 43rd Division on its right and the 59th Division on its left. On 30 July the 231st and 56th Brigades took a ridge of high ground (Anctoville) approximately halfway to Villers-Bocage against slackening opposition.
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Coastal areas are usually named Armor or Arvor ("by the sea" in Breton), and the inland is called Argoat ("by the forest"). The best soils were primitively covered by large forests which had been progressively replaced by bocage during the Middle Ages. The Breton bocage, with its small fields enclosed by thick hedgerows, has almost disappeared since the 1960s to fit the modern agricultural needs and methods, particularly mechanisation. Several forests still exist, such as the Paimpont forest, sometimes said to be the Arthurian Brocéliande.
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Antero Tarquínio de Quental (; old spelling Anthero) (18 April 184211 September 1891) was a Portuguese poet, philosopher, and writer whose works became a milestone in the Portuguese language alongside those of Camões, Bocage, and Fernando Pessoa.
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Bocage's sunbird (Nectarinia bocagii) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in Angola and the DRC. The common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Portuguese naturalist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage.
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Aunay-sur-Odon is part of the tourist destination of Bocage Normand. Guided tours of the city are available from the tourist office. There are hiking and biking trails at the entry point to Norman Switzerland.
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Igreja de São Julião St. Julian's Church () is an 18th-century church located on the Praça de Bocage in Setúbal, Portugal. It is the main church (matriz) of the city classified as National Monument in 1910.
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Rather than continue to try to push past Caen where the majority of the German armour had redeployed after Goodwood, this attack switched back towards Villers-Bocage to support the Americans and to capture the road junction at Vire and the high ground at Mont Pincon. While the opposition was initially two weak infantry divisions (326th and 276th), they were well dug in, having prepared minefield and other defences. The terrain was bocage which also slowed down the speed of the attack. Initially the Guards supported the 11th Armoured Division who were the spearhead of the attack by protecting their flank, however they took over the spearhead duties themselves on 1 August, fighting in the bocage until 15 August against elements of the 326th and 276th Infantry, 21st Panzer and 1st, 9th and 10th SS-Panzer Divisions.
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It was realised that a shell could wipe out the company commanders, and the half-track occupants were rapidly dispersed among several other vehicles. In Villers-Bocage Lieutenant- Colonel Arthur, Viscount Cranley, commander of the 4th CLY, expressed concern that his men were "out on a limb" but was assured by Hinde that all was well and was ordered to Point 213, to ensure his men had taken up good defensive positions. Hinde then left Villers-Bocage for his headquarters. South of Point 213 Wittmann, the commander of the 2nd Company, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, was surprised by the British advance through Villers-Bocage: Wittmann's Tiger was spotted at about 09:00 by Sergeant O'Connor of the Rifle Brigade, who was travelling towards Point 213 in a half-track and broke radio silence to give the only warning the British force received.
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It was later noted that its habitual training area round Stone Street, Kent, bore a marked resemblance to the Bocage countryside in Normandy where it would later fight.Joslen, pp. 69–70.Collier, Map 20.Collier, Map 27.
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Angola, northern Zambia, DR Congo (Shaba Province) and Rwanda. The type locality is given by Boulenger (1905) as "between Benguella and Bihé" (Angola). Bocage (1895) listed "Duque de Bragança, Quissange, Caconda, and Huilla" (Angola) for the localities.
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The Marais Breton has a tradition of music and dance similar to its neighbors the Bocage vendéen and Upper Brittany, but it also has its own local instrument, the veuze bagpipe, and its own dance, the Maraîchine.
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The third floor accommodated troops and there was also a fourth floor. The present remains are one of the facades and buttresses.Donjon du Château Féodal, Les Offices de Tourisme du Bocage Normand website. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
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The relief force was unable to advance on the ridge and when more German forces arrived between 11:00 and 13:00, the trapped squadron surrendered. More German troops had arrived, and engaged the 22nd Armoured Brigade group along the road back to Livry. One of the Tiger tanks knocked out in Villers-Bocage. Tanks of the Panzer-Lehr Division arrived to seal off the north and west exits from Villers-Bocage but were ambushed by British anti-tank guns and several were disabled before the British position was silenced.
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Banneville-sur-Ajon is located some 20 km south-west of Caen and 7 km south-east of Villers-Bocage. Access to the commune is by the D121A from Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe in the south which passes through the centre of the commune and the village and continues north to join the D8. The D171 from Landes-sur-Ajon to Préaux-Bocage passes through the north-east of the commune. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of La Fêterie in the south and Gournay in the north.
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Sunken lanes are common in the West of France, in the bocage landscape, especially around Lower Normandy, Brittany and Anjou. The bocage landscape is historically famous for having been a particular feature of some conflicts, including the Chouannerie,Michel Moulin, Mémoires de Michelot Moulin sur la Chouannerie normande, A. Picard, 1893, pp.88–89 or more recently the Battle of Normandy. The German army used sunken lanes to implement strong points and defenses to stop the American troops on the Cotentin peninsula and around the town of Saint-Lô.
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"Rhino tank" (initially called "Rhinoceros") was the American nickname for Allied tanks fitted with "tusks", or bocage cutting devices, during World War II. The British designation for the modifications was Prongs. In the summer of 1944, during the Battle of Normandy, Allied forces – particularly the Americans – had become bogged down fighting the Germans in the Normandy bocage. This landscape of thick banked rock walls covered with hedges proved difficult for tanks to breach. In an effort to restore battlefield mobility, various devices were invented to allow tanks to navigate the terrain.
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Sherman Firefly – Hamburg 1945 The British at Normandy were re-equipped with some of the newer British and American tanks and a few days after D-Day, the Armoured Reconnaissance regiment of the 7th Armoured Division landed at Le Hamel on Gold Beach with Cromwell tanks and began going into action almost immediately in the fighting around Villers-Bocage. The tanks were used in the advance through the Bocage with the 22nd Armoured Brigade. They were involved in action against the 2nd Panzer Division, with the tanks leading the way out of the bridgehead.
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Also known as the Gibraltar Cemetery and the Garrison Cemetery, it was established in 1756 south of the neutral ground and the border with Spain. A French map made of Gibraltar in 1811 shows that the cemetery was well established. Plan de Gibraltar / par J.D. Barbié du Bocage Barbié Du Bocage, 1811, accessed Mat 2013 The graveyard was initially divided into five sections. In addition, to those for members of the Church of England, and Presbyterian, Wesleyan, and Catholic Churches, there was a fifth section for those of other denominations.
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The attack by I Corps was quickly halted and XXX Corps briefly captured Villers- Bocage. Advanced elements of the British force were ambushed, initiating a day-long Battle of Villers-Bocage and then the Battle of the Box. The British were forced to withdraw to Tilly-sur-Seulles. After a delay because of storms from 17 to 23 June, Operation Epsom began on 26 June, an attempt by VIII Corps to swing around and attack Caen from the south-west and establish a bridgehead south of the Odon.
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Barnes p. 131 On 2 August 69th Brigade advanced, facing small arms fire only, to Tracy-Bocage just west of Villers-Bocage, capturing a regimental commander and his HQ of the 326th Division,Ellis p. 402 two days later a patrol from the Hamshires entered the ruined and booby-trapped village and saw the wreckage of the armoured clash that had taken place there nearly two months earlier. On 5 August the division was taken out of the line for the first time since D-Day and given three days rest.
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Ellis, p. 250 The 21st Panzer Division halted the 51st Division advance and the XXX Corps attack resulted in the Battle of Villers-Bocage and the withdrawal of the leading elements of the 7th Armoured Division soon after.
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Perez changed the group's name to the Imperial Brass Band in the middle of the 1920s; it disbanded in 1930. Among the group's members were Isidore Barbarin, George Filhe, Lorenzo Tio, Peter Bocage, George Baquet, and King Oliver.
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The Canton of Villers-Bocage is a former canton situated in the department of the Somme and in the Picardie region of northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.
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Saint-Jean-des-Bois is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in north-western France. On 1 January 2015, Saint-Jean-des-Bois and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage.
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Saint-Cornier-des-Landes is a former commune in the Orne department in the Normandy region in north-western France. On 1 January 2015, Saint-Cornier-des- Landes and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray- Bocage.
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La Caine is about 12 miles southwest of Caen. The municipality is adjacent to Préaux-Bocage in the north, Montillières-sur-Orne in the northeast and east, Ouffières in the southeast, Le Hom in the south and Montigny in the west.
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Pthilothamnus thomensis (São Tomé wood snake) is a species of snakes of the family Colubridae. It is endemic to the island of São Tomé in São Tomé and Príncipe. The species was described in 1882 by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage.
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Struik, Cape Town. The species is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, through Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, westwards to Angola and southwards through Zimbabwe to South Africa.Maritz, B. 2014. Psammophis angolensis (Bocage, 1872).
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Both sides tried to exploit the Villers-Bocage battle for propaganda. Having escaped from their knocked-out tank, Lieutenant John Cloudsley-Thompson and his crew of the 4th CLY spent much of the day in a basement in Villers-Bocage. They made their way back after dark and were picked up by troops of the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division. During debriefing Cloudsley-Thompson said that he "never wished to see another tank as long as [he] lived" but the British press reported this as: "The first thing the five tank men asked for was another tank".
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The Battle of Villers-Bocage took place during the Second World War on 13 June 1944, one week after the Normandy Landings, which had begun the Western Allies' conquest of German-occupied France. The battle was the result of a British attempt to improve their position by exploiting a gap in the German defences west of the city of Caen. After one day of fighting in and around the small town of Villers-Bocage and a second day defending a position outside the town, the British force retreated. The Allies and the Germans regarded control of Caen as vital to the Normandy battle.
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Operation Pomegranate began on 16 July, in which XXX Corps was to capture several important villages. On the first day British infantry seized a key objective and took but the next day there was much inconclusive fighting on the outskirts of Noyers-Bocage and Elements of the 9th SS Panzer Division were committed to the village defence. Although the British took control of the railway station and an area of high ground outside the village, Noyers-Bocage itself remained in German hands. The preliminary operations cost Second Army for no significant territorial gains but Greenline and Pomegranate were strategically successful.
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On 12 June, Montgomery ordered the 7th Armoured Division into an attack against the Panzer Lehr Division that made good progress at first but ended when the Panzer Lehr was joined by the 2nd Panzer Division. At Villers Bocage on 14 June, the British lost twenty Cromwell tanks to five Tiger tanks led by SS Obersturmführer Michael Wittmann in about five minutes. Despite the setback at Villers Bocage, Montgomery was still optimistic as the Allies were landing more troops and supplies than they were losing in battle, and though the German lines were holding, the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS were suffering considerable attrition.
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On 8 June a column from the division started south over the Caen–Bayeux railway into the Bocage. Advancing to the bridges between Tilly and Saint-Pierre (~ to the east), they were joined by the 8th D.L.I. but had placed themselves in a salient facing the Panzer Lehr Division and the SS Hitlerjugend Division. Saint-Pierre was captured after close-quarters fighting by 8 D.L.I. and 24th Lancers on 9 June. Counter- attacked on 10 June, they were for a time surrounded. This counter-attack blunted the advance to Villers-Bocage that day and the 69th Brigade attack on Cristot.
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It was clear that to control Villers-Bocage, the British would have to occupy the ridge rapidly. The 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) (4th CLY), with a company of the 1st Battalion Rifle Brigade, was to pass through Villers-Bocage and occupy the highest point of the ridge at Point 213. The 1/7th Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) would follow up and occupy the town and the 5th Royal Tank Regiment (5th RTR) and a company of the Rifle Brigade, were to take high ground at Maisoncelles-Pelvey to the south-west of Villers-Bocage. The 260th Anti-tank Battery of the Norfolk Yeomanry would cover the gap between the 4th CLY and the 5th RTR with 17pdr SP Achilles self-propelled anti-tank guns. The 5th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery (5th RHA), would follow the rest of the brigade group with its Sexton self-propelled guns. The 5th RHA and the brigade group tactical headquarters were established at Amayé-sur-Seulles.
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She also worked as a graphics editor for AIDS News Service, the organization that also published her comic "(Nice Girls Don't Talk About) Sex, Religion, and Politics." Bocage has two children named Robin and Jasmine. She is an activist for reproductive freedom.
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The São Tomé olive pigeon or maroon pigeon (Columba thomensis) is an endangered species of pigeon which is endemic to the island of São Tomé off the coast of western Africa. It was described by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1888.
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185—and by 31 July XIX Corps had thrown back the last German counterattacks after fierce fighting, inflicting heavy losses in men and tanks.Hastings, p. 262 The U.S. advance was now relentless, and the First Army was finally free of the bocage.
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Monard’s skink (Trachylepis monardi) is a species of skink. It is endemic to Angola. It is named after , the original species descriptor; the current name is a replacement name to solve secondary homonymy with Euprepis angolensis Bocage, 1872 [=Trachylepis varia (Peters, 1867)].
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Longvillers is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. There are no shops, nor any commercial outlets in the hamlet, the nearest shops, food, bars or hotels are located either in Villers- Bocage or Aunay-sur-Odon.
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Barnes, pp. 74–9 & Appendix C. Once off the beach, 50th Division pushed inland towards Bayeux, and then consolidated its gains over the next few days against German counter-attacks. Progress towards Villers-Bocage was held up by strong Panzer units.Ellis, Normandy, pp.
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The village is centred on a staggered crossroads between the D52 which heads to Pont-Farcy to the north and Vire to the south and the D81 which leads to Le Beny-Bocage to the north east and Landelles-et-Coupigny to the south west.
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Etruscan: Diomedes and Polyxena, from the Etruscan amphora of the Pontic group, 530BCEFrom Vulci The Music Lesson, gold anchor, Chelsea porcelain, c. 1765, with bocage background. 15 3/8 × 12 1/4 × 8 3/4 inches, 22 lb. (39.1 × 31.1 × 22.2 cm, 10 kg).
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Brooklyn Museum - A Meadow in the Bourbonnais Morning (Une Prairie du Bourbonnais par un effet de matin) by thumb Le Bocage bourbonnais is a small French natural region, west of the Allier department in Auvergne. Its name stems from the ancient province of Bourbonnais.
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The Panzer-Lehr Division and the 2nd Panzer Division were in action elsewhere on 13 June and did not count the casualties at Villers-Bocage separately from the day's losses. The 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion was only engaged at Villers-Bocage and Taylor gave nine men killed and ten wounded in the 1st Company and one killed and three wounded in the 2nd Company. Sources differ on the number of German tanks lost, in part because the Panzer-Lehr Division was committed piecemeal, making it impossible to be certain of the number of Panzer IVs knocked out. German tank losses are generally considered to be from six Tigers.
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Because the British had lost contact with the forces on Point 213 and withdrawn from Villers-Bocage, they were ignorant of the losses on both sides. The German propaganda machine swiftly credited Wittmann, a household name in Germany, with all the British tanks destroyed at Villers-Bocage. Wittmann recorded a radio message on the evening of 13 June, describing the battle and claiming that later counter- attacks had destroyed a British armoured regiment and an infantry battalion. Doctored images were produced; three joined-together photographs, published in the German armed forces magazine Signal, gave a false impression of the scale of destruction in the town.
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Wilmot wrote that after the battle, "Caen [could] be taken only by a set-piece assault". Hastings called Villers-Bocage a "debacle" and the moment which "marked, for the British, the end of the scramble for ground that had continued since D-Day". Reynolds wrote that the consequences of the battle would be felt in the coming weeks, during the costly attacks needed to drive the Germans from Caen and the surrounding area. The official 7th Armoured Division history called the battle indecisive: "... the brilliant defensive battle of Villers Bocage... although it obliged us to withdraw some seven miles, cost the enemy casualties disproportionate to this gain".
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The 82nd, under Major General Matthew Bunker Ridgway, performed admirably, but soon left the corps, and once in Brittany the corps would have an entirely different complement of divisions. The bocage landscape in the Cotentin Peninsula impeded the Allied advance. After VII Corps took the port city of Cherbourg, VIII Corps began moving south against German forces in the middle of the Cotentin Peninsula. The Germans had the high ground, and the fighting was further complicated by the bocage countryside—a series of farmers fields and pastures forming a latticework, with each unit separated by walls of earth up to six feet high supporting dense shrubbery and trees.
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A Cromwell Tank Initially he was placed in charge of an echelon which meant he had to shepherd his group of supply vehicles to various locations to replenish stock used by the regiment. During the Battle of Villers-Bocage his jeep ran into retreating German infantry and was hit by sub-machine gun fire. He was wounded in the head but after receiving seven stitches stayed at his post. A Squadron required re-organisation after Villers-Bocage and Bellamy was drafted in as troop leader of 3rd Troop where he took over as commander of his own Cromwell Tank, one of three in the troop.
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The road passes Villers-Bocage passing through open countryside. After Beauval the road drops into the Authie valley and the town of Doullens. The road turns east thereafter and passes several British War Cemeteries. The road passes Beaumetz-lès-Loges before reaching the outskirts of Arras.
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The Canton of Villers-Bocage is a former canton situated in the department of Calvados and in the Lower Normandy region of northern France.Résultats des élections cantonales 2008, Calvados, Ministère de l'Intérieur It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.
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This territory is called « Gâtine », and close to the limits of the Vendée in the « High-Bocage » Vendée. The altitude ranges from 146 meters to 212 meters on the granite massif of the municipality, the average altitude is 179 meters. The municipality's municipal area covers 1,985 hectares.
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The Lunain is a long river in the Yonne and Seine-et-Marne departments in north-central France. It is a right tributary of the Loing. Its source is in Yonne, less than south-west of Égriselles-le-Bocage. It joins the Loing at Épisy in Seine-et-Marne.
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As time passes, Bocage tells Michel that Charles will be returning to Alençon. Soon after Michel and his wife, who is now pregnant, move back to Paris. Michel is immediately bored by and irritated with Parisian high society. He devotes his time to creating lectures, which ultimately prove controversial.
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In late July VIII Corps HQ was again sent west of Caen to command part of the southward thrust from Caumont through Bocage country during the breakout from the Normandy bridgehead (Operation Bluecoat). The main initial problem was German (and US) minefields.Buckley, pp. 153–6.Ellis, Vol I, pp.
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The frog was named after José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, a nineteenth-century Portuguese naturalist who collected many biological specimens in Angola and Mozambique, by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage, a Portuguese zoologist who corresponded with Anchieta. Anchieta's original specimen of the frog was destroyed in a 1978 fire.
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Noyers-Bocage is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Noyers-Missy,Arrêté préfectoral 9 December 2015 which became part of the new commune Val d'Arry on 1 January 2017.
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At present the east part is considered the center of the village, it covers an area approximately ten times as large as the western part. In Twente's bocage lie historical estates, among others Hof te Boekelo (an original manor house from 1570), De Weele, Zonnebeek en 't Stroot.
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Tinchebray is a former commune in the Orne department in the Lower Normandy region in north-western France. On 1 January 2015, Tinchebray and six other communes merged becoming one commune called Tinchebray-Bocage. It was the scene of the Battle of Tinchebray fought on 28 September 1106.
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Wittmann drove towards Villers- Bocage and along the road, the Rifle Brigade troops attempted to reply with PIAT anti-tank weapons and a 6-pounder anti-tank gun but, as the Tiger drew closer, panic set in and the riflemen looked for cover. The brigade vehicles were set on fire by machine guns and high-explosive shells, but few casualties were inflicted. At the east end of Villers-Bocage, Wittmann engaged and knocked out three M3 Stuart light tanks of the 4th CLY Reconnaissance Troop. In the town, the tanks of the 4th CLY Regimental Headquarters tried to escape, but their reverse speed was "painfully slow" and one tank fired two shots before being destroyed by the Tiger.
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Monumental Statistics of Calvados, Arcisse de Caumont In June 1944, during the Battle of Villers-Bocage, Orbois castle housed the headquarters of the German armoured division Panzer Lehr commanded by Fritz Bayerlein.panzerace.net - villers bocage consulted on 4 January 2010 Anctoville was liberated on 1 August 1944 by the British 61st reconnaissance battalion.The 61st in the Western Europe Campaign 1944, consulted on 6 January 2010 These events inspired a scenario in the video game Call of Duty 2 on the Xbox 360.Game Reviews In 1973, Anctoville (population 394 in 1968) merged with Feuguerolles-sur-Seulles (with 70 inhabitants to the east of the territory), Orbois (120 inhabitants in the north), and Sermentot (182 inhabitants in the north-east).
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Blocks of Quaternary Monkey's Cave Sandstone are said to be "still visible in gun embrasures fringing the cliffs of the southwest Europa coast." This cave was described as Batterie de la Caverne in a French map of 1811Plan de Gibraltar / par J.D. Barbié du Bocage Barbié Du Bocage, accessed 22 May 2013 and Monkey Cave in 1859 and it was itself one of the few fortifications on the east side of Gibraltar, although the details of its armament are not given. Monkey's Cave was used during the Second World War as an entrance to the artificial tunnel named AROW Street, which was used for storing ammunition and supplies. Within the cave entrance a convalescent hospital was constructed.
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The 197th Brigade was relieved overnight by the 176th Brigade and the 7th Royal Norfolks took over from the 1/7th Royal Warwicks at the Ferme de Guiberon, Point 124 and Landet, which had been taken after dark. The British infantry had captured the high ground south of Brettevillette and took 300 prisoners on the first day. Next day the advance continued with much fighting on the outskirts of Noyers-Bocage. The reconnaissance battalion of the 9th SS Panzer Division was committed to the defence of Noyers-Bocage, which the Germans claimed to have recaptured, although XXX Corps had been held up on the outskirts having captured the high ground outside the village and the railway station.
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The two Hussar regiments made contact with German forces on either side of the 22nd Brigade group route and the 8th Hussars engaged (eight-wheeler armoured cars). The Hussars reported German tanks heading towards Villers-Bocage but Lieutenant Charles Pearce, of 4th CLY, thought that these were probably self-propelled guns.
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Bocage's weaver (Ploceus temporalis) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is found in riparian zones of Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Zambia. The common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Portuguese naturalist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage, who described the species in 1880.
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Jackson, p. 55 With no further British offensive moves due, in the afternoon the Gavrus bridges were given up, the Scottish defenders being withdrawn across the Odon.Clark, p. 98 At 2030 the town of Villers-Bocage, a vital traffic centre for the German forces, was destroyed by 250 RAF heavy bombers.
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Boisjugan farm is a farmhouse from the 17th century which was in use until 1970. Converted into a museum, it traces the history and ethnography of agriculture in the Norman bocage since the 18th century with agricultural practices, horse and cattle breeding. Typical sites are reconstructed (workshop, stable, barn and creamery).
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Argoat is the inland part of Brittany in France, in opposition to the coast, Armor. Its name is derived from Breton « ar » (next to) and « koad » (forest, wood). A literal translation would be "[the land] in front of or along the forest edge". It designates lightly wooded land or Bocage.
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1852 map of Oceania by J.G. Barbie du Bocage. Includes regions of Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia and Malaysia. Māori war dance, New Zealand, circa 1850 Contemporary political map of Oceania The History of Oceania includes the history of Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, Fiji and other Pacific island nations.
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A chiefly rural region, Bresse was historically organized around an agricultural economy. The countryside is bocage (woodlands), resulting in independent individuals within the community, organized around the parish and the commune. Social structures, then, are defined by a mixture of conservatism, attachment to ancestral values, and direct democratic participation in community life.
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Abbaye de Mondaye, François Petit, CRDP Rouen, 1979 Once the revolutionary turmoil was over, Father Goujon ceased to be clandestine prior and gathered together the parishes of Juaye, Couvert and Bernières-le-bocage - the commune of Juaye-Mondaye originated in this era. From 1806 to 1812 the monastic buildings housed a collège.
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It was backfilled in the 1970s with marl. The new soil was re-colonized by pioneer species, which coexist alongside an established afforestation, forming a mosaic of habitats. CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois, a non-governmental organization, is the owner and operator of the reserve. The main objective is to maintain the current diversity.
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The species was named by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1886. It is the type species of the genus Nesionixalus Perret, 1976. Its sister taxon Hyperolius molleri has also been placed in Nesionixalus. Together, these two species form a clade, but its recognition as a genus would render rest of Hyperolius paraphyletic.
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Marie Lourdais is written about by Thérèse Rouchette, "Femmes Oubliées de la Guerre de Vendée" In 'Le Dernier Panache', a show about the General François de Charette at the historically themed park the Puy du Fou, Marie Lourdais is depicted as giving the General an urgent message that the Bocage is burning.
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On D Day, 50th Division was heavily reinforced to carry out the landings on Gold Beach. Once off the beach, 50th Division pushed inland towards Bayeux, and then consolidated its gains over the next few days against German counter-attacks. Progress towards Villers-Bocage was held up by strong Panzer units.Joslen, p. 581.
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Bocagea is a genus of plants in the family Annonaceae. It comprises two species distributed in Brazil. Augustin Saint-Hilaire the French botanist who first formally described the genus named it after Josephi Mariae de Souza du Bocage, who he said beautifully translated a poem about flowers into Portuguese and illustrated it.
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Memba Bay is open towards the east and is named after the town of Memba, Memba District, located in the bay. There are deep inlets in the southern shore of the inner bay, including Porto de Duarte Pedroso, one of the main harbours of Mozambique, and Porto de Bocage. Fishermen in Memba Bay.
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Paul Auguste Tousez, known as Paul Bocage, (Paris, 5 October 1824 – Paris, 25 September 1890) was a French librettist, novelist and dramatist. Nephew of the famous 19th century actor Bocage, he first wrote, under the collective pen name "Désiré Hazard", with Octave Feuillet, who had been his classmate at College Louis-le-Grand, the novel Le Grand Vieillard (1845), Échec et mat, a comedy in five acts, played at the Odeon in 1846, Palma, ou la Nuit du vendredi saint, a drama in five acts, played at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint- Martin in 1847, La Vieillesse de Richelieu, a comedy in five acts, played the Comédie-Française in 1849 ; York, a comedy-vaudeville, played at the Palais- Royal in 1852. Paul Bocage also wrote, jointly with Joseph Méry, Maître Wolframb, a libretto for the Théâtre Lyrique (1855), and, jointly with Théodore Cogniard, Janot chez les Sauvages, a vaudeville in one act, played at the Théâtre des Variétés. He also attributes a share in Le Chariot d'enfant, a drama in five acts, by Méry and Gérard de Nerval and Alexandre Dumas's Romulus (1854), Les Mariages du père Olifus (1861) et Les Mille et un fantômes (1849).
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During the night of 14/15 June, to cover the withdrawal of the 22nd Armoured Brigade group, 337 Royal Air Force (RAF) bombers (223 Avro Lancasters, 100 Handley Page Halifax and 14 de Havilland Mosquitos from No.4, No.5 and No. 8 Group RAF) dropped of high explosives on the town of Évrecy and on targets around Villers-Bocage, destroying one Tiger tank and damaging three more. No aircraft were lost. Just over two weeks later, at 20:30 on 30 June, Villers- Bocage was bombed again by 266 bombers (151 Lancasters, 105 Halifaxes and 10 Mosquitos from No.3, No.4 and No.8 Group RAF) in support of Operation Epsom, dropping of bombs. Only two aircraft were lost.
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Panzer Front has 25 missions, based on real events. Examples include the destruction of a British armored column in the Battle of Villers- Bocage, the US Army's defense against a ferocious German counterattack in Le Dezert, the defense of the Reichstag during the Battle of Berlin, and several based on the Battle of Kursk.
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Miniopterus newtoni was described as a new species in 1889 by Portuguese zoologist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage. The holotype had been collected by Portuguese naturalist Francisco Newton. In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World, Simmons et al. considered M. newtoni as a subspecies of the least long-fingered bat, M. minor.
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Bocage wrote as well novelty items under the title of "Bric-a-Brac" in Le Mousquetaire. The authorship of Les Mohicans de Paris, a long novel serialized in that publication is attributed to him too. Finally, he published in 1860 les Puritains de Paris and la Duchesse de Mauves (1860, 4 vols. in-8).
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Romulus is a play by Alexandre Dumas, père, first produced with success at the Théâtre-Français on January 13, 1854. Dumas had written it several years earlier, possibly in collaboration with Paul Bocage and Octave Feuillet. The play concerns two philosophers, Dr. Celestus and Dr. Wolf, a disciple of Leibnitz.Nineteenth Century British Theatre (2015), p.
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The species has two described subspecies, C. l. lusitanica and C. l. longipes.JAN W. ARNTZEN, DICK S. J. GROENENBERG, JOÃO ALEXANDRINO, NUNO FERRAND & FERNANDO SEQUEIRA (2007) Geographical variation in the golden- striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica Bocage, 1864 and the description of a newly recognized subspecies. Journal of Natural History, 41(13–16): 925–936.
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148 RAC landed in Normandy on 15 June 1944 (D+9).148 RAC War Diary June 1944, TNA file WO 171/880. 33rd Armoured Brigade had been delayed in arrival, and its absence was sorely felt by the British Second Army during the tough fighting around Villers-Bocage (13–16 June).Ellis pp.255–64.
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Behind a smoke screen and bombardment by the 5th RHA and V US Corps, the infantry retreated covered by tanks of the 4th CLY. The Germans harassed the withdrawal with artillery fire and infantry from Tracy-Bocage attacked the British for hours as they fell back. Though costly to the Germans this continued until around 22:30.
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The 2nd Company had twelve tanks, but through a combination of losses and mechanical failures, only six Tigers were present on 13 June. The area around Villers-Bocage came under heavy naval artillery fire during the night of 12/13 June and the 2nd Company moved three times; the company planned a mechanical overhaul for the morning.
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VIII Corps also launched spoiling attacks, at 0800 1st Battalion Worcestershire Regiment, from the 43rd Division, assaulted Mouen, without tanks behind an artillery barrage.Clark, p. 87 By 1100 the battalion had forced the 1st SS Panzer Division panzergrenadiers back and the 7th Battalion Somerset Light Infantry moved up and dug in on the Caen–Villers-Bocage road.Clark, pp.
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Once Tilly-sur- Seulles had been captured, the 7th Armoured Division would pass through the 50th (Northumbrian) and push south to capture the town of Villers-Bocage before turning east to capture the town of Évrecy.Forty (2004), p. 36Ford, p. 32 During the remainder of the month, the brigade was deployed in support of 49th and 50th Divisions.
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The nematode genus Greeffiella is named after him,Petymol Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. G as are species with the epithet of greeffii, e.g. Acinetoides greeffii.Google Books The Annals and Magazine of Natural History A species of gecko, Hemidactylus greeffii, was named in his honor in 1886 by Portuguese zoologist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage.
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José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (2 May 1823 – 3 November 1907) was a Portuguese zoologist and politician. He was the curator of Zoology at the Museu Nacional de Lisboa in Lisbon. He published numerous works on mammals, birds, and fishes. In the 1880s he became the Minister of the Navy and later the Minister for Foreign Affairs for Portugal.
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This part of the Vendée is in the « High-Bocage » Vendée, close to the eastern limits of the territory called « Gâtine » in the Deux-Sèvres department. The altitude ranges from 142 meters to 248 meters on the granite massif of the municipality, the average altitude is 178 meters. The municipality's municipal area covers 2, 646 hectares.
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He rejoined his tank regiment in time for the Normandy Landings. He took part in the Battle of Villers-Bocage on 13 June 1944; his Cromwell tank was destroyed and he and his crew were lucky to scramble out alive. During July 1944, Thompson took part in Operation Goodwood, the attempt to storm the Bourguébus Ridge.
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Glénay is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. Its inhabitants are called Glénéens. The town is part of the Communité de Communes du Thouarsais. Located in the northern department between the Bressuirais Bocage and the Poitou Gâtine, it is watered by the Thouaret in a hilly landscape.
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Buckley wrote that the order to retreat was given before the 2nd Panzer division arrived in any real strength and Reynolds wrote that "2nd Panzer's tanks were nowhere near Villers-Bocage at this time". Ellis described the retirement as temporary, the 7th Armoured Division was to be reinforced with the 33rd Armoured Brigade to renew the offensive towards Évrecy. David French wrote that the follow-up formations landing in Normandy were on average two days behind schedule and that had the 33rd Armoured Brigade, the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division and the 7th Armoured Division's infantry brigade landed on time, XXX Corps might have been able to secure Villers-Bocage, before the arrival of substantial German forces. Other historians wrote that substantial British forces remained uncommitted during the battle.
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I Corps, striking south out of the Orne bridgehead, was halted by the 21st Panzer Division and the attack by XXX Corps bogged down in front of Tilly-sur-Seulles, west of Caen, against the Panzer Lehr Division. The 7th Armoured Division pushed through a gap in the German front line and tried to capture the town of Villers-Bocage in the German rear. The Battle of Villers- Bocage saw the vanguard of the 7th Armoured Division withdraw from the town but by 17 June, Panzer Lehr had been forced back and XXX Corps had taken Tilly-sur-Seulles. The British postponed plans for further offensive operations, including a second attack by the 7th Armoured Division, when a severe storm descended upon the English Channel on 19 June.
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Perhaps because of the sheer rudeness of some of his verse Bocage is still a genuinely popular figure today, and not only in Setúbal. The subversiveness of his poems has meant that for much of the last 200 years they have not been (officially) available in Portugal: the erotic poetry was first published anonymously towards the end of the 19th century.
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Wittmann wrote that his tank was disabled by an anti-tank gun in the town centre. In fewer than 15 minutes, two anti-tank guns and vehicles had been destroyed by the 2nd Company, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, many by Wittmann. Wittmann and the crew made their way to the Panzer-Lehr Division headquarters at Cháteau d'Orbois, north of Villers-Bocage.
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A British company was overrun, a platoon taken prisoner and the battalion headquarters came under fire. Hinde decided that the brigade group should withdraw until morning to Point 174, an area of high ground to the west of Villers-Bocage near Amayé-sur-Seulles. At 20:00, the withdrawal began under cover of an artillery bombardment and was accomplished largely unmolested.
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The São Tomé prinia (Prinia molleri) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe and is found in the island of São Tomé. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. The species was named by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1887.
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Collier, Map 6.Collier, Map 17. By the end of 1940 the division was stationed under XII Corps in East Kent, where it remained for the next four years, first in defensive mode, later training intensively. It was later noted that its habitual training area round Stone Street bore a marked resemblance to the Bocage countryside in Normandy where it would later fight.
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The trip concludes after the couple travel through Italy. The couple return to La Morinière, an estate owned by Michel. Shortly after the couple arrive, Bocage, the properties caretaker, shows Michel his property and mentions that his son Charles will soon return from an experimental farm in Alençon. Although initially uninterested, Michel takes great interest in Charles' company and gentle nature.
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The promontory and the slightly hilly landscape around Laval are traces of the Armorican Massif, an old range of mountains that forms the Breton peninsula. The town is surrounded by agricultural land essentially made of large fields. The traditional bocage with its old hedgerows is still partially visible. Laval is also surrounded by several forests, such as the Forêt de Concise, with c.
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Reynolds, p.295 During the Battle of Normandy, the 7th Armoured Division instituted a flexible structure prior to the Battle of Villers-Bocage in early June 1944. Similar structures would not be adopted by the other armoured divisions until after Operation Goodwood,Buckley (2006), pp.28-29 when Lieutenant-General Richard O’Connor ordered the Guards and 11th Armoured Divisions to organise themselves similarly.
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Page 819, Gloucester Walter's ancestor, William Devereux, also held land at Elnodestune, Herefordshire at Domesday in 1086. Cecilia put forward a claim in late 1201 on 140 acres of bocage (woods and pasture) in Mescott, part of Alnatheston (Elnodestune), as the heir of her uncle, Roger Devereux, who held the land of Walter de Lacy.Hubert Hall (Editor). The Red Book of the Exchequer.
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The Lanfains countryside is bocage with undulating relief (Armorican Massif). The highest point in the commune at 323 m is situated at Bel Air-Porpaire. This makes Lanfains one of the highest communes in Brittany, the church standing at an altitude of 310 m. The neighbouring communes are Saint-Brandan, L'Hermitage-Lorge, Le Bodéo, La Harmoye, Saint-Bihy and Le Fœil.
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"Slippin' and Slidin' (Peepin' and Hidin')" is a R&B;/rock 'n' roll song performed by Little Richard. The song is credited to Little Richard, Edwin Bocage (Eddie Bo), Al Collins, and James Smith. Al Collins first recorded "I Got the Blues for You" in 1955. Eddie Bo wrote new lyrics and adapted the song in 1956 under the name "I'm Wise".
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Located on the banks of the Brévogne, it is a typical village of the Bocage Virois. The village is 4 km southwest of La Graverie, 5 km northwest of Vire, and 12 km east of Saint-Sever-Calvados. The highest point (196 m) is located in the south-western area, and the lowest point (84 m) is in the northeast.
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Laurindo José da Silva Rabelo (July 8, 1826 – September 28, 1864) was a Brazilian Ultra-Romantic poet, teacher and medician. Famous for his lundu lyrics and satires, he won the epithet of "the Brazilian Bocage", and, because of his physical appearance, the nickname "Poeta-Lagartixa" ("Gecko-Poet"). He is the patron of the 26th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
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Hyloxalus bocagei is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found on the northeastern side of the Andes in Ecuador (Sucumbíos, Orellana, and Napo Provinces) and in Colombia (Cordillera Oriental in the Caquetá Department). The specific name bocagei honors José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage, a Portuguese zoologist. Common name Bocage's rocket frog has been coined for this species.
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CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois is an association in northern France created under the Loi de 1901. It is one of the 80 organizations known as ' (CPIE) in France. The association aims to contribute to the sustainable development of the Arrondissement of Avesnes-sur-Helpe; it does this through nature conservation, environmental education and supporting local agents to carry out sustainable development.
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This resulted in the Battle of Villers-Bocage, and the withdrawal of 7th Armoured from the area on 15 June.Ellis pp. 253-256 The 50th Division attacked on the flank of Tilly-sur-Seulles, up to and along the Tilly–Balleroy road, with 151st Brigade taking Verrières and half of the town of Lingèvres and the 231st Brigade taking La Senaudière.Ellis p.
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Normandy to Victory: The War Diary of General Courtney H. Hodges and the First U.S. Army. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2008. . p. 19. Access date August 21, 2016. Efforts to move forward by the other divisions of the 1st U.S. Army also stalled in the Bocage, so the Allied penetration into Normandy was still shallow a month after the initial push off the beaches.
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On 9 June 1994, in recognition of the aircraft and crew's role in the liberation of Normandy, a Typhoon memorial was dedicated by Major M. Roland Heudier at Noyers-Bocage, France. Also present at the ceremony were General Yves Paul Ezanno DFC and bar and Squadron Leader Denis Sweeting, both former Squadron Leaders of No. 198 Squadron RAF."Typhoon Memorial." napierheritage.org. Retrieved: 31 July 2011.
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Bocage's akalat (Sheppardia bocagei) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia. Its natural habitats are boreal forests, subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Portuguese naturalist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage.
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Pratt became Assistant Surgeon with rank of Lieutenant (junior grade), USNRF, 27 March 1917. He received the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism in reestablishing an advanced aid station just demolished by shell-fire in Lucy-le-Bocage 11 June 1918, and in continuing to dress and evacuate the wounded under direct and continuous shell-fire at Thiancourt 13 September. He resigned from the Navy 13 October 1919.
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Many educational facilities may be found in Dinard, most of them elementary and primary schools, though there are two secondary schools. The most popular, the Collège Le Bocage, is a state school (the other being private) and has an estimated 700 pupils from Dinard and its vicinity. From there onward, children go to lycée, the closest being the Lycée Jacques Cartier in Saint-Malo.
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Hartlaub's spurfowl was described in 1869 by the Portuguese naturalist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage from a specimen collected in Huíla Province, Angola. He coined the binomial name Francolinus hartlaubi. The species is now placed in the genus Pternistis that was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler in 1832. The specific epithet hartlaubi was chosen to honour the German physician and ornithologist Gustav Hartlaub.
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The 11th Armoured was directed again to the west, to take part in Operation Bluecoat. Beginning on 30 July 1944 it seized Saint-Martin-des- Besaces. The division spotted an intact bridge on the Souleuvre river, which enabled it to drive the Germans back. In what became the famous "Charge of the Bull", the division liberated Le Bény-Bocage on 1 August and quickly progressed southward.
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Because of the many small farms that have survived on the Downs, a network of narrow lanes and minor roads has developed. This has resulted in a landscape similar to that found in Normandy known as bocage. The predominant type of farming on the Downs is arable farming; this increased greatly during the 20th century. Pastoral farming also occurs but to a lesser extent.
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Physical boundaries of the reserve In 2001, the site was brought to the attention of the CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois, pointing out the biodiversity of the new plant life. The association performed the first inventories. In the meantime, she contacted the five owners to consider a land management proposal. The commune of Bavay, the Bellignies quarry (SECAB) and a third owner sold her the property in 2003.
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949 The word, haye comes from haia, a hedge, which in modern French is haie. It can also mean "stockade", but it may have been used here because this part of Normandy is characterized by centuries-old interlocking hedgerows (bocage).Keegan 1983, p.152 The French, de la Haye,sometimes written as de la Haya or de la Hay appears in Latin documents as de Haya.
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While limited numbers meant that during Normandy usually not more than one Sherman in each troop of four tanks was a Firefly variant, the lethality of the gun against German armour made them priority targets for German gunners. In the meantime, U.S. forces, facing one and a half German panzer divisions, mainly the Panzer Lehr Division, struggled in the heavy, low-lying bocage terrain west of Caen.
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Plant barter organized by the association at Taisnières-sur-Hon. The CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois leads a regional campaign called "What nature at home?" advising the public how to welcome nature into their home and garden environment. For this purpose, it has created the website "The natural garden". The association is developing a wikibook called "Natural garden" and twice a year it organizes a plant barter.
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A TV magazine have presented it "Silence, ça pousse ". The association is a partner in the Interreg micro-project START, part of the , along with the and the CPIE des Pays de l'Aisne. Since 2011, a barrier to protect amphibians has been implemented in Bersillies by volunteers. The CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois also educates the general public and artisans about how to carry out eco-renovation.
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Billingsley was married three times and had two children. She married Glenn Billingsley, Sr. (1912–1984) in 1941. Glenn Billingsley was a restaurateur and a nephew of Sherman Billingsley, owner of the Stork Club. His businesses included Billingsley's Golden Bull, Billingsley's Bocage, and the Outrigger Polynesian restaurants in Los Angeles, and a Stork Club in Key West, Florida, where the couple lived briefly following their wedding.
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Buckley wrote that while Wittmann showed great audacity, the causes of the British defeat were broader and that the British were to blame for the failure at Villers-Bocage, not superior German tanks. Hastings wrote that although the Tiger was "incomparably" more deadly than the Cromwell, the "shambles" caused by the Tigers reflected poorly on the tactics of the British force and that the Marie noted that Dempsey was disappointed in the lack of tactical flair shown by Brigadier Hinde throughout the battle and that the British should have known better than to attempt an armoured advance unsupported by infantry in the bocage. The British fought an uncoordinated infantry and tank battle during the morning and the Germans did much the same throughout the day. Schneider described the contribution of the 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion to the battle as "everything but awe-inspiring".
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The Battle for Caen continued east of Villers-Bocage, the ruins of which were captured on 4August, after two raids by strategic bombers of the Royal Air Force. The British conduct of the Battle of Villers-Bocage has been controversial, because their withdrawal marked the end of the post D-Day "scramble for ground" and the start of an attritional battle for Caen. Some historians have written that the British attack was a failure caused by a lack of conviction among some senior commanders, rather than the fighting power of the German army, while others judge the British force to have been insufficient for the task. The "single-handed" attack by Wittmann early on, has excited imaginations to the extent that some historians and writers conclude that it has dominated the historical record to an unwarranted degree and that while "remarkable", the role of Wittmann in the battle has been exaggerated.
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A relief force was prepared to rescue the troops on the ridge but this was rejected by Cranley. At about 10:30, Cranley reported that the position on Point 213 was becoming untenable and withdrawal was impossible. A break-out attempt was planned and two hours later, a Cromwell crew tried to get back to Villers-Bocage by a roundabout route and were knocked out by German tank fire.
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The Germans then attacked the town and were repulsed, losing several Tigers and Panzer IVs. After six hours, Hinde ordered a withdrawal to a more defensible position on a knoll west of Villers-Bocage. The next day the Germans attacked the brigade box, arranged for all-round defence, in the Battle of the Island. The British inflicted a costly repulse on the Germans and then retired from the salient.
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Moore wrote that he forced Wittmann to retire when a shot from his tank dented the driver visor of the Tiger.Robert Moore,"Villers-Bocage – Bob Moore writes" The Sharpshooter Newsletter 2003, p. 18 Wittmann's withdrawal brought him close to Dyas who, having been bypassed, had been stalking the Tiger to fire at its thin rear armour. The Cromwell shells had no effect and Wittmann destroyed the British tank.
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The Agglomération du Choletais, also simply known as CAC, is the intercommunal structure gathering the city of Cholet and its suburbs. It is located in the Maine-et-Loire département, in the Pays de la Loire région (France). It was formed on 1 January 2017 by the merger of the former Communauté d'agglomération du Choletais, the Communauté de communes du Bocage and the Communauté de communes du Vihiersois-Haut-Layon.
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Among other factors, one could see this period as a decline on Portuguese poetry, where the lack of autonomy and subjects is noted. This may well be seen as a crisis of Portuguese identity in a world to which they do not seem to have adapted. Such crisis was transferred, in the 17th century, to the Arcádia Lusitânia. This academy made the transition, through Manuel du Bocage (1765–1805), to Romanticism.
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The clutch is usually of three eggs, which are blue or greenish, marked with grey, lavender, and brown. S. salvadori This species and the Indian spotted creeper were formerly considered conspecific and called the spotted creeper. Four distinct populations or subspecies are recognized within the distribution of the African species. The nominate salvadori described by Bocage in 1878 is found in eastern Uganda, western Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique.
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They drew up the first map and claimed the island for France. The first scientific expedition took place in 1725 under Frenchman M. Bocage, who lived on the island for several months. In 1858, France formally laid claim. The current name comes from John Clipperton, an English pirate and privateer who fought the Spanish during the early 18th century, and who is said to have passed by the island.
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Raymond Anne was born on 17 December 1922 in Villers-Bocage, Calvados. During World War II (1939–45) he became "Sergeant Filochard" in the Forces françaises de l'intérieur (FFI) in the French Resistance. Vassieux-en-Vercors, on the Vercors Massif of the Alps, was a center of the resistance of the Maquis du Vercors. Hundreds of "Montagnards" converged there after news was received of the Normandy landings of 6 June 1944.
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Before World War II, Cape gris-Nez had a typical agricultural landscape of bocage on the Channel coast. The agricultural parcels were delimited with dry stone walls and hedgerows separated the cultivated areas from the grassland used for the grazing of sheep and cows. There were no woodlands and small farms were all built in depressions, sheltered from the winds. The landscape changed considerably during the Second World War.
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Caraquet was first settled by Gabriel Giraud dit St-Jean who was a French trader and merchant. He married a Mi'kmaq woman and settled in Lower Caraquet. After the expulsion of the Acadians from southern New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in 1755, some Acadians settled in Upper Caraquet. Led by Alexis Landry in 1757, the original town site was founded at what is now called Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage.
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From June 1–6, 1918, the 6th Regiment saw action in the front lines from Paris-Metz Road through Lucy-le-Bocage to Hill 142. On June 6, 1918, with his regiment attacking Bois de Belleau, he was wounded in the chest by a sniper and evacuated to a hospital the next day. It was the first time he had been wounded in 28 years of active service.
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Bauquay is located some 6 km south by south-east of Villers-Bocage just north-west of Aunay-sur-Odon. Access to the commune is by the D8 road from Aunay-sur-Odon which passes through the length of the commune and the village and continues north-east to Évrecy. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of Le Vloquier and Les Perquettes. The commune is entirely farmland.
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The 197th led the attack, encountering German forces north of Villers-Bocage; however, the Germans soon withdrew and the town was captured without any fighting. On 4 August, the 176th Brigade took over the lead and engaged German forces near the Orne, losing several of their supporting tanks in the process. Churchill AVRE tanks were moved up to engage and destroy German strongpoints. The northern riverbank was secured by nightfall.
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Chapter 1: Earth In general, Geographia Neoteriki, was welcomed with enthusiasm by western intellectual circles. Jean- Baptiste-Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison, professor of modern Greek in the Ecole des Langues Orientales Vivantes, used it as a textbook for his students. French geographer Barbie du Bocage published a review after the book's publication along with a translated passage. Moreover, travellers who published accounts during the early 19th century, frequently cited the text.
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Heuliez was a French company that worked as a production and design unit for various automakers. It specialized in producing short series for niche markets, such as convertibles or station-wagons. Business activity ended on 31 October 2013. The company's plant and buildings have been taken over by the "Fabrique régionale du Bocage", a quasi-company which has the regional government of Poitou-Charentes as its majority share-holder.
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By the end of 1940 the division was stationed in East Kent, where it remained for the next four years, first in defensive mode, later training intensively for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord). It was later noted that its habitual training area round Stone Street, Kent, bore a marked resemblance to the Bocage countryside in Normandy where it would later fight.Joslen, pp. 69–70.Collier, Map 20.
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Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Bocage (1765–1805), Antero de Quental (1842–1891) and Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queirós, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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John Dryden (a Tory), the first Poet Laureate, produced in 1682 Mac Flecknoe, subtitled "A Satire on the True Blue Protestant Poet, T.S." (a reference to Thomas Shadwell). Another master of 17th-century English satirical poetry was John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester. Satirical poets outside England include Poland's Ignacy Krasicki, Azerbaijan's Sabir, Portugal's Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage, and Korea's Kim Kirim, especially noted for his Gisangdo.
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In the western part of the lodgement, US troops were to occupy the Cotentin Peninsula, especially Cherbourg, which would provide the Allies with a deep water harbour. The terrain behind Utah and Omaha was characterised by bocage, with thorny hedgerows on embankments high with a ditch on either side. Many areas were additionally protected by rifle pits and machine-gun emplacements. Most of the roads were too narrow for tanks.
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They mate on land with clutches of 10-35 eggs laid between stones in running water or on the walls of caves. The larvae develop in water. Original watercolour included in the first scientific description of the species by naturalist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1864 Its natural habitats are moist deciduous forests with bushes, mosses, often under stones near rocky streams or caves. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Scott landed at Arromanches on 7 June 1944, one day after the start of the invasion. Six days later the Yeomanry were tasked with the capture of Villers-Bocage. After taking the town, they were halted to its east after being attacked by the 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion, during which Scott was killed by a Tiger tank commanded by tank ace Michael Wittmann. He was buried at the Bayeux War Cemetery.
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Tara was born on November 11, 1987, and grew up in Marisule, St. Lucia. She attended the Bocage Secondary School, where she participated in netball and volleyball she was an active student at school, President of a school's Red Cross group and a Peer Helper to her peers. Tara graduated as Netballer of the year in 2006. Tara began work as a model at a young age, and dream of working in the fashion industry.
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The price of its eggs sometimes reached up to 11 times the amount earned by a skilled worker in a year. The present whereabouts of six of the eggs are unknown. Several other eggs have been destroyed accidentally. Two mounted skins were destroyed in the twentieth century, one in the Mainz Museum during the Second World War, and one in the Museu Bocage, Lisbon that was destroyed by a fire in 1978.
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He denounced intellectual dishonesty and the censorship imposed by Salazar's Estado Novo regime. Tall, thin and skinny, bald, wearing eyeglasses with thick lenses, dressing second-hand clothes (sometimes ragged and undersized ones), hypersensitive to alcohol (he enjoyed red wine and beer), hypochondriac, always foreseeing his own death (due to asthma and a poor heart condition), cynical but honest, paradoxical, he is a worthy heir of Luís de Camões, Bocage, Gomes Leal or Fernando Pessoa.
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Established on the Parisian plateau, the town of Vélizy-Villacoublay borders Meudon in the north-east, Clamart in the east, Bièvres in the south-east, Viroflay in the north-west, and Chaville in the north. Vélizy-Villacoublay is a very urbanized town bordering the Meudon forest, which spans over of communal land. There are six districts: Mozart, le Clos, le Mail, Louvois, la Pointe Ouest et Vélizy-le-Bas (with l'Ursine and le Bocage).
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Taylor, p. 10 The Battle of Villers-Bocage led to the vanguard of the 7th Armoured Division being ambushed and withdrawing from the town but by 17 June, Panzer Lehr had also been forced back and XXX Corps had taken Tilly-sur- Seulles.Taylor, p. 76Forty, p. 97 Another attack by the 7th Armoured Division and other offensive operations were abandoned when a severe storm descended on the English Channel on 19 June.Ellis, p.
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The D6 connects Aunay to Villers-Bocage in the north and Thury-Harcourt to the south-east. The D54 joins Cahagnes and Caumont-l'Éventé in the north-west through the village to Roucamps, Le Plessis-Grimoult, and Condé-sur-Noireau in the south. The D26 goes to Vire via Danvou-la-Ferrière and Estry in the south-west. The D213 goes to Courvaudon in the east with the D234 branching to serve Bonnemaison.
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The highest point of is located in the south on the border with Roucamps in a wood overlooking a place called Pied de la Bruyère. The lowest point is at corresponding to the exit of the Odon from the commune to the north. The commune is about one eighth urban, forested throughout the southern part, and Bocage on the rest. As in all of western France, Aunay-sur-Odon has an oceanic climate.
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The 7th Battalion suffered 18 officer and 208 other rank casualties, including 4 officers and 12 other ranks killed, but was back in the line two days later.Scott Daniell, p. 233 The Battalion attacked the village of Cahagnes later in the month. This was fought in typical ‘bocage’ countryside, but after the initial attack by the brigade ran into difficulties, 7th Battalion deployed from reserves and captured Cahagnes, beating off several German counter-attacks.
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Le Bocage International School (LBIS) is an English-medium, private international school offering educational services to boys and girls from the ages of 11–19. LBIS was founded in 1990 and is located at Mount Ory, Moka (Mauritius). LBIS is an IBO school that offers the International Baccalaureate Program for the Middle Years, form 1–5, and the Diploma years, form 6–7. It also prepares students for the IGCSE and the International Baccalaureate examinations.
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The band also recorded for Decca Records in 1936, recording 4 sides in New Orleans, but unfortunately they were all rejected. In 1939 Robichaux's ensemble disbanded, and he found work performing solo, mostly in New Orleans. He recorded as an accompanist on R&B; recordings in the 1950s, and played with Lizzie Miles. Late in his life he played with George Lewis (1957–64) and Peter Bocage (1962); he also performed at Preservation Hall.
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Like the Sherman, the Panther struggled in the bocage country of Normandy, and was vulnerable to side and close-in attacks in the built-up areas of cities and small towns.Zaloga 2008, Armored Thunderbolt pp. 177–179 The commander of the Panzer Lehr Division, Gen. Fritz Bayerlein, reported on the difficulties experienced by the Panther tank in the fighting in Normandy: Panther Ausf. G in link=File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-722-0406-06A,_Frankreich,_Panzer_V_%22Panther%22_im_Gelände.
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The British were engaged by the tanks at and others near Tessel-Bretteville. Two Panthers met the leading squadron of the Lancers, one tank each being hit and set on fire. The advance was limited by the bocage and sunken lanes but reached stream. The attackers then reached the west end of the village, before retiring to Tessel Wood under a smoke screen, due to the number of tank and other vehicle losses.
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He published a Notice historique sur la ville et le château de Clisson, or Voyage pittoresque dans le Bocage de la Vendée, 1817.Landon 1833:27. His pupil, Louis Dupaty, obtained a Premier Grand Prix in sculpture, 1799, with his Pericles visiting Anaxagoras. On his return from the French Academy in Rome he was named to the Institut de France, in 1816, then appointed a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts.
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She is particularly known for her work, in the 1970s, on peasant witchcraft in the Mayenne countryside. It results in a book, Deadly Words: Witchcraft in the Bocage (in 1977). She argues that since witchcraft resides in words, any ethnographic work of these practices require participation, and that witchcraft is one of the "contemporary discourses on misfortune and healing". She extends this work with Josée Contreras by studying psychoanalysis and outlining an anthropology of therapy.
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He never resumed work on the species and samples collected in Brazil, nor refined his records and studies of the journey, and much of the material was taken to Paris as war booty. There remains today, however, a rich archive of diaries, geographic, demographic and agricultural maps, correspondence, more than a thousand boards and records, today kept mainly in the National Library Foundation in Rio de Janeiro and the Museum Bocage in Lisbon.
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Delaforce pp. 70-71 During this time the remainder of the division had fought forward to hold a line (either side of the 7th Armoured Division) between La Belle Epine and Point 103 (~) to the north-east of Saint Pierre.Delaforce p. 72 On 12 June, the 7th Armoured Division was side-stepped to the west to head south and take Villers-Bocage from the west, getting behind the Panzer Lehr Division facing 50th Division.
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The year is 1793. In Brittany during the Royalist insurrection of the Chouannerie, a troop of "Blues" (soldiers of the French Republic) encounter in the bocage Michelle Fléchard, a peasant woman, and her three young children, who are fleeing from the conflict. She explains that her husband and parents have been killed in the peasant revolt that started the insurrection. The troop's commander, Sergeant Radoub, convinces them to look after the family.
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On 11 June, German medical personnel had established a hospital at the château but had left at dawn on 13 June; a few German troops remained about the town. As the column approached Villers- Bocage, an Sd.Kfz. 231 armoured car crew observed the British advance and escaped. At 08:30, having covered , the 22nd Armoured Brigade group entered the town to be greeted by celebrating residents; two German soldiers were spotted leaving at high speed in a Volkswagen Kübelwagen.
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The British and Commonwealth system of battle honours recognised participation in the expansion of the bridgehead during the period of Operation Perch in 1956, 1957 and in 1958. One unit was awarded the honour Port En Bessin, one formation the honour Sully, four units the honour Breville, and 11 regiments the honour Villers-Bocage. Additionally, for participating in the expansion of the bridgehead between 14–19 June, ten units were awarded the honour Tilly Sur Seulles.
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Elements of the 144th landed as early as the 8th June 1944, they used Crusader Tanks with twin Oerlikons acting as infantry support for the 51st Highlanders. 144th Regiment RAC began to land in Normandy on 14 June 1944 and went into 'harbour' near Bayeux. 33rd Armoured Brigade had been delayed in landing, and its absence was sorely felt by the British Second Army during the tough fighting around Villers-Bocage (13–16 June).Ellis pp.255–64.
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In 1915, Piron and Clarence Williams started the Piron and Williams Publishing Company. In their first year of business they published Piron's composition, "I Wish That I Could Shimmy Like My Sister Kate", which became his biggest hit. After touring briefly with W.C. Handy in 1917, Piron started an orchestra which included Lorenzo Tio, Steve Lewis, John Lindsay, and Peter Bocage. The theme song of the orchestra was "The Purple Rose of Cairo", written by Piron and Steve Lewis.
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Griess, p. 324Blumenson, p. 219 To overcome the constraints of the bocage that had made attacks so difficult and costly for both sides, Rhino modifications were made to some M4 Sherman, M5A1 Stuart tanks and M10 tank destroyers, by fitting them with hedge-breaching 'tusks' that could force a path through hedgerows.Hastings, p. 252 German tanks remained restricted to the roads but U.S. armored vehicles could maneuver more freely, although the effectiveness of the devices was exaggerated.
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The CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois became the owner / operator of 85 percent of the site. The association implemented the first environmental resources management actions at the site and developed its first environmental management schemeIn France, an environmental management scheme is defined by the ' (article R332-43). A scientific council must validate it to obtain or maintain the accreditation. In 2009, the association obtained the agreement establishing the regional nature reserve at the site for a period of 20 years.
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The locations used were four historic antebellum plantations; Felicity, Bocage, Destrehan, and Magnolia. Of the four, Magnolia is nearest to the actual plantation where Northup was held. 12 Years a Slave was named the best film of 2013 by several media outlets and critics, and it earned over $187 million on a production budget of $22 million. The film received nine Academy Award nominations, winning three: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Nyong'o.
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Map of Lieuvin, 1716 The Lieuvin is a plateau region in the western part of the Eure département in Normandy, France. The plateau consists of typical Norman bocage and is bounded by the Seine estuary to the north, the Risle valley to the east, the Charentonne valley to the south and, in the west, the Pays d'Auge which corresponds to the Touques basin. The economy is primarily agricultural. The largest towns are Beuzeville, Épaignes, Lieurey and Thiberville.
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Growing out of the wall is a hedge of > hawthorn, brambles, vines, and trees, in thickness from one to three feet. > Originally property demarcations, hedgerows protect crops and cattle from > the ocean winds that sweep across the land. The hedgerows of Normandy became barriers that slowed the advance of Allied troops following the D-Day invasion of WWII. Allied armed forces modified their armored vehicles to facilitate breaking out of their beachheads into the Normandy bocage.
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Stéphane Grappelli founded the gypsy jazz Quintette du Hot Club de France with guitarist Django Reinhardt before World War II. Jazz violin began in New Orleans in the early 1900s. Arrangements for ragtime orchestras had parts for violins in which they were as important as the other instruments. The violin was a lead instrument in the recordings of A. J. Piron, whose trumpeter Peter Bocage also played violin. Alphonso Trent and Andy Kirk employed violinists in their territory bands.
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Briouze is a commune in the Orne department of Normandy in northwestern France. It is considered the capital of the pays d'Houlme at the western end of the Orne in the Norman bocage. The nearby Grand Hazé marshland is a heritage-listed area (Natura 2000). William de Braose, First Lord of Bramber (Guillaume de Briouze) was granted lands in England after the Norman conquest and used his wealth to build a priory in his home town.
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The bocage typical of the western areas caused problems for the invading forces in the Battle of Normandy. A notable feature of the landscape is created by the meanders of the Seine as it approaches its estuary. The highest point is the Signal d'Écouves (417m), in the Armorican Massif. Normandy is sparsely forested:Normandie, Bonneton, Paris 2001 12.8% of the territory is wooded, compared to a French average of 23.6%, although the proportion varies between the departments.
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However, not all engagements could be best solved through massed armored attacks. Terrain was an especially important variable, with hills, forests, swamps and bocage being natural barriers to fast-moving vehicular units. This ensured that infantry still had a very important place, especially when conditions favored advancing across a broad front. In order for infantry to successfully engage an enemy, having tanks available to support this engagement was seen by many infantry commanders as an important priority.
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The French Revolution, as seen by intellectuals and progressives, was romanticized: Bocage and the Partido Francês (French Party) believed the French could usher in a liberal revolution in Europe. The French represented a threat to the traditionalist nobility who were returning to prominence and were very willing to fight them externally or internally. It was at about this time that Queen Maria, already possessed of a religious mania, began to show signs of mental illness.José Hermano Saraiva, (2007), p.
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D'Este, p. 172 In the Battle of Villers-Bocage, the 7th Armoured Division vanguard was ordered to retire and the Panzer-Lehr Division held its positions until XXX Corps captured Tilly-sur-Seulles on 19 June.Taylor, p. 76Clay, pp. 262–263 Normandy The next British offensive, codenamed Operation Epsom, was launched by VIII Corps on 26 June, after Operation Martlet (also known as Operation Dauntless) a preliminary attack on 25 June, to secure the right flank of VIII Corps.
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Nicholas Kalmakoff (; 1873–1955), was a Russian symbolic artist whose work is characterised by motifs dealing with spirituality, occultism and sexuality. He led the life of a hermit and died in obscurity. Seven years after his death, in 1962, Bertrand Collin du Bocage and Georges Martin du Nord discovered samples of his abandoned work in a large flea market to the north of Paris. Kalmakoff's works were finally exhibited at Galerie Motte Paris in February 1964.
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Awarded for actions during the World War I Action Date: June 5, 7, & 10, 1918 Service: Marine Corps Rank: First Sergeant Company: 73d Company Regiment: 6th Regiment (Marines) Division: 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces Citation: > The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting > the Navy Cross to First Sergeant Daniel Joseph Daly (MCSN: 73086), United > States Marine Corps, for repeated deeds of heroism and great service while > serving with the 73d Company, 6th Regiment (Marines), 2d Division, A.E.F., > on June 5 and 7, 1918 at Lucy-le-Bocage, and on 10 June 1918 in the attack > on Bouresches, France. On June 5th, at the risk of his life, First Sergeant > Daly extinguished a fire in an ammunition dump at Lucy-le-Bocage. On 7 June > 1918, while his position was under violent bombardment, he visited all the > gun crews of his company, then posted over a wide portion of the front, to > cheer his men. On 10 June 1918, he attacked an enemy machine-gun emplacement > unassisted and captured it by use of hand grenades and his automatic pistol.
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Royal Engineers sweeping for mines near Villers Bocage On 24 July, the division returned to XII Corps. The following day, the American First Army launched a major offensive, codenamed Operation Cobra, on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead. On 27 July, Montgomery ordered the Second Army to launch a major assault west of Noyers, codenamed Operation Bluecoat, and maintain the pressure on the German forces along the rest of the front east of Noyers. As part of the latter, XII Corps was to push towards the Orne River. The task assigned to the 59th Division was to clear the area around Villers-Bocage, and then exploit towards Thury-Harcourt on the Orne and attempt to establish a bridgehead. On 29 July, as a preliminary to any major move and to improve the division's position, the 197th Brigade launched an attack on Juvigny. In a three-day battle for the village, the brigade suffered 402 casualties. On 3 August, following German withdrawals along XII Corps' front, the division advanced, supported by elements of the 34th Tank Brigade.
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This bat was first described in 1891 by the Portuguese zoologist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage as Hipposideros thomensis, the specific name recording the fact that it is endemic to São Tomé. It was at one time considered to be part of M. commersoni, but that species is now viewed as being restricted to Madagascar. Both commersoni and it were formerly placed in the genus Hipposideros, but moved to the resurrected Macronycteris in 2017 on the basis of molecular evidence.
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Bocage country The Loire River, flanked by its adjoining canals flows on the western edge of Charolais-Brionnais.The Charolais-Brionnais region is home to the renowned Charolais cattle and is an applicant for UNESCO status as a World Heritage Site to preserve, consolidate and transmit this resource. The EV6 The Rivers Route is a EuroVelo long-distance cycling route. It leaves the French river Loire at Digoin for the Canal du Centre, where it starts its way through the Charolais-Brionnais.
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Wheeler, 2007, p. 293. Patrols into the Bocage and shelling by German artillery strained the troops and inflicted a small stream of casualties while the 1st Infantry Division held their line. Since CT 26 held a forward position in a salient between the British Army and other 1st U.S. Army forces at Caumont, CT 26 was subject to frequent shelling and a few determined German efforts to retake Caumont.Greenwood, John T., ed; Smith Jr., Francis G and William C. Sylvan, authors.
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Culin hedgerow cutter, a 1944 field improvisation for breaking through the thick hedgerows of the Normandy bocage The Sherman's glacis plate was originally thick. and angled at 56 degrees from the vertical, providing an effective thickness of . The M4, M4A1, early production M4A2 and early production M4A3 possessed protruding cast "hatchway" structures that allowed the driver and assistant driver's hatches to fit in front of the turret ring. In these areas, the effect of the glacis plate's slope was greatly reduced.
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Taking minor orders he received a religious benefice, being attached as chaplain to the Casa da Supplicaçáo. Although he was a mulatto, he obtained entrance into high society in the Portuguese capital: he could improvise cantigas and play his own accompaniment on the viol. Hence the condescending nickname cantor de viola which was given to him. Well aware that his social status was uncertain, he retained his self-possession even in the face of the insulting attitude of the poet Bocage and others.
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The priory served the parishes of Plessis, Roullours, Carville, Chênedollé, Truttemer-le-Grand, Montsecret, Sainte-Honorine-la-Chardonne, Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Campandré, Monchauvet, Frênes, Saint-Vigor-des-Mézerets, Périgny, Cauville, Proussy, Bernières-le- Patry, Maisoncelles-la-Jourdan, Estry, Saint-Christophe-de-Chaulieu, Beauchêne, Clairefougère, Saint-Cornier-des-Landes, Saint-Jean-des-Bois, Saint-Quentin-les-Chardonnets, Yvrandes, Bonnemaison, Courvaudon, Feuguerolles-Bully, Fontaine-Étoupefour, Rosel, La Cambe, Osmanville, Mondrainville, Noyers-Bocage, Planquery, Saint-Germain-d'Elle, Bretteville-le- Rabet, Campeaux, and Colombelles.
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José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (variations José d'Anchieta, José Anchieta, José de Anchieta - b. October 9, 1832 in Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal, d. September 14, 1897 in Caconda, Portuguese Angola) was a 19th-century Portuguese explorer and naturalist who, between 1866 and 1897, travelled extensively in Portuguese Angola, Africa, collecting animals and plants. His specimens from Angola and Mozambique were sent out to Portugal, where they were later examined by several zoologists and botanists, chiefly among them J.V. Barboza du Bocage.
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He was sent to Lycée Louis-le Grand, in Paris, where he achieved high distinction, and was destined for the diplomatic service. In 1840 he told his father that he planned to be a writer instead, and the elder Feuillet disowned his son. Octave Feuillet returned to Paris and lived as best he could by becoming a journalist. In company with Paul Bocage he wrote the plays Echec et mat, Palma ou la nuit de Vendredi saint, and La Vieillesse de Richelieu.
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In 1788 he moved to Vienna, where he became acquainted with Anthimos Gazis, scholar and publisher of the periodical Hermes o Logios. Two years later he is found in Paris, where he witnessed the outbreak of the French Revolution. His stay in Paris was crucial for the development of his philosophical and scientific views. There he had the opportunity to attend lessons presented by important scientists such as the astronomer Jérôme Lalande and the geographer Jean-Denis Barbié du Bocage.
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Among the thousands of people accused by the Inquisition and held in the prison of the Estaus are important personalities like historian Damião de Góis, poet Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage and dramatist António José da Silva, nicknamed "the Jew", executed by the Inquisition in 1737. The Inquisition Palace was heavily damaged in the catastrophic 1755 Lisbon earthquake, but was rebuilt under designs by Carlos Mardel. This building was destroyed by fire in 1836. The Inquisition was not abolished in Portugal until 1821.
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The radicalism of the regime naturally drew opposition. Emídio Santana, founder of the Sindicato Nacional dos Metalúrgicos ("Metallurgists National Union") and an anarcho-syndicalist who was involved in clandestine activities against the dictatorship, attempted to assassinate Salazar on 4 July 1937. Salazar was on his way to Mass at a private chapel in a friend's house on Barbosa du Bocage Avenue in Lisbon. As he stepped out of his Buick limousine, a bomb hidden in an iron case exploded only away.
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He was called up in 1943, became an infantryman and took part in the Normandy landings in 1944 where he witnessed his comrades being picked off by German snipers in the Normandy bocage. His regiment had lost three-quarters of its men to death and injury by 1945 when it crossed the Rhine. An old schoolfriend, Bryan Forbes, then a member of the "Stars in Battledress" forces entertainment troupe, picked him as a stage designer. This was the start of his artistic career.
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Their 1962 sessions Jazz at Preservation Hall, Vol. 1: the Eureka Brass Band of New Orleans, issued on Atlantic Records, features Humphrey and his brother, clarinetist Willie Humphrey, trumpeters Kid Sheik Cola and Pete Bocage, trombonists Albert Warner and Oscar "Chicken" Henry, Emanuel Paul on tenor sax, Wilbert "Bird" Tillman on sousaphone, snare drummer Josiah "Cie" Frazier, and bass drummer Robert "Son Fewclothes" Lewis. The group disbanded after 1975, but Humphrey occasionally revived the name for festival performances and other appearances.
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Gathering together into fighting units was made difficult by a shortage of radios and by the bocage terrain, with its hedgerows, stone walls, and marshes. Troops of the 82nd Airborne began arriving around 02:30, with the primary objective of destroying two additional bridges over the Douve and capturing intact two bridges over the Merderet. They quickly captured the important crossroads at Sainte-Mère-Église (the first town liberated in the invasion) and began working to protect the western flank.
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Wyggeston's Chantry House in Leicester, built c. 1511 "Rubble-work" is a name applied to several types of masonry. One kind, where the stones are loosely thrown together in a wall between boards and grouted with mortar almost like concrete, is called in Italian "muraglia di getto" and in French "bocage". In Pakistan, walls made of rubble and concrete, cast in a formwork, are called 'situ', which probably derives from Sanskrit (similar to the Latin 'in situ' meaning 'made on the spot').
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Ellis, Normandy, pp. 171–8, 209–13, 230–1, 253-6.Barnes, pp. 74–9, 102–15 & Appendix C. For the next two months the division fought its way slowly through the Bocage country before being relieved on 5 August.Ellis, Normandy, pp. 334, 388–9, 402, 409.Barnes, pp. 116–31. However, it was back in action on 9 August, attacking against stiff opposition in the advance beyond Mont Pincon as the Allies closed the Falaise Gap.Barnes, pp. 132–7.
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The regiment landed in Normandy on 7 June 1944, the day after D-Day. In the following two months, it took park in Operation Epsom (26 June – 2 July) and the Battle for Caen, the attempts by the British Second Army to seize the German-occupied city of Caen. Due to losses sustained, particularly by 4th CLY at Villers-Bocage, the two Sharpshooters regiments were amalgamated on 1 August 1944 at Carpiquet to form 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters).
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Geography also played a very important role in this problem. North Africa was generally dry and flat and units could engage one another at maximum range. The M3 GMC and M10 Tank Destroyers in North Africa had high silhouettes and were an easier target than towed cannons, which were dug in and often camouflaged. By contrast, the Western European front was peppered with towns, forests, bocage, hills and gullies, and farmland, as well as rain, snow and fog to reduce visibility.
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As a response to a land consolidation, in 1991 thirty people decided to create an association under the Law of 1901 (Nord Nature Bavaisis), initiating environmental education initiatives, guided tours, school events, etc. In 2004, the association's work was recognized by the state (DIREN having become DREALs ), the Nord department council, and the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Regional council. At that point the association became the CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois. It is part of a network of nearly 80 CPIE in France.
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The CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois is actively involved in the education and training of the general public including children, in its activities. It offers people the opportunity to train to become responsible citizens committed to the environment around them, and to train themselves to participate in the dissemination of similar information. The association conducts outdoor classes and activities for children during holidays. For the general public, the association sets up various different kinds of training,territorial dialogue training guided excursions, including participatory workshops.
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It also creates interpretive tours.en ligne, created in partnership with the Parc naturel régional de l'Avesnois. The association has a collection of documents on nature, environment and the cultural heritage of the area. The CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois created a free online game ' so that children can do speed tests, puzzle games, and carry out experiments to understand the functioning of the river, and discover its wildlife, its flora, its ecology, the threats to the river and the possible remediations of these threats.
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The association also supports local municipalities, municipal associations, and other enterprises.Since 2006, it is the partner of Toyota company in the pedagogical assessment and ecological management of green spaces surrounding the Onnaing's factory (Onnaing). This partnership has received the great price of the Alliances network in 2008 so that their actions are consistent with sustainable development principles, specifically Agenda 21 on environmental management. Since 2011, CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois accompanies municipalities or educational teams in achieving their communal or school risk management.
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He also started his own brass band, called the Imperial Orchestra, which operated from 1901–1908. The Onward Brass Band was one of the most respected of its day. Some of the best-known players in New Orleans were a part of the group, including King Oliver, Peter Bocage, Henry Kimball, Lorenzo Tio, Luis Tio, George Baquet, Isidore Barbarin, and Benny Williams. The Perez and Oliver two cornet, or "trumpet" team, was one of the most renowned in New Orleans.
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The Firefly knocked out a Panzer IV and during a lull, the disabled tanks were set on fire with blankets and petrol. Outside the town, the 7th Armoured Division brigade group stretched back to Amayé-sur-Seulles and was attacked from the north and south. The attacks were repulsed and at Tracey-Bocage, the 11th Hussars overwhelmed a pocket of resistance. Under a mortar and artillery bombardment, the Germans attacked A Company 1/7th Queen's in the town and a platoon was cut off and captured.
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In early August up to 100 men, including Bucknall, Erskine, Hinde and other senior officers, were removed from their positions and reassigned. Historians largely agree that this was a consequence of the failure at Villers-Bocage and had been planned since the battle. Daniel Taylor is of the opinion that the battle's outcome simply provided a convenient excuse and that the sackings took place to "demonstrate that the army command was doing something to counteract the poor public opinion of the conduct of the campaign".
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The game's battles play out in bocage environments, open plains, and towns such as Saint-Lô. Each soldier in Close Combat behaves according to a simulated psyche, which influences his actions, combat readiness, and obedience to the player's commands. Mental and physical combat stresses impact a soldier's behavior and morale; an exhausted or scared squad may grow reluctant to shoot or move, or may fire inaccurately. A soldier under severe stress can become shell shocked and entirely unable to fight, or enter a berserk rage.
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Some operators disabled the stabilizer. The 75 mm gun also had an effective canister round that functioned like a large shotgun. In the close fighting of the French bocage, the U.S. Army's 2nd Armored Division tanks used Culin Hedgerow Cutters fitted to their tanks to push three tanks together through a hedgerow. The flank tanks would clear the back of the hedgerow on their side with canister rounds while the center tank would engage and suppress known or suspected enemy positions on the next hedgerow.
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View of Saint-Lô, from the slopes of the River Vire. The city, at a crossroads between Caen, Cherbourg and Rennes, has a natural vocation of marketplace in the centre of the Manche bocage. A city of craftsmen and trade, which owes part of its prosperity to its status of prefecture, it has experienced a late industrialisation and attempts to assert its place, today, in the regional agri-food industry. Despite this, the Saint-Lô country became one of the less industrial areas of the region.
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Mead, p. 131. Shortly afterwards, in the difficult bocage country during Operation Bluecoat, the 7th Armoured Division failed to gain its objectives and Erskine was sacked and replaced by Gerald Lloyd-Verney. In spite of his indifferent performance as a field commander Erskine had qualities which suited him to other roles and this episode proved only a temporary setback to his career. He became Head of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force Mission to Belgium in 1944 and then GOC 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division in 1945.
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Baron-sur-Odon is located some 4 km south-west of Caen and 10 km north-east of Villers-Bocage. It is part of the urban area of Caen. Access to the commune is by the D89 from Tourville-sur-Odon in the north which passes through the village and continues south to Esquay-Notre- Dame. The D214 comes from Gavrus in the south-west and also passes through the village as well as Les Crettes and La Bruyère before continuing north-east to Fontaine-Étoupefour.
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Units of the U.S. VII Corps led the initial two- division assault, while other First U.S. Army corps mounted supporting attacks designed to pin German units in place. Progress was slow on the first day but opposition started to crumble once the defensive crust had been broken. By 27 July, most organized resistance had been overcome and the VII and VIII Corps advanced rapidly, isolating the Cotentin Peninsula. By 31 July, XIX Corps had destroyed the last forces opposing the First Army, which emerged from the bocage.
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Lyons-la-Forêt is a commune of the Eure department, Haute Normandie in Northwest France. Lyons-la-Floret is well known within the region due to its architecture, which has been maintained since its founding in the 17th century. It is also a recognized distinct geophysical and geocultural entity that is the end of Vexin normand, and the forest of Lyons. The area around the town and the border with Pays de Bray is known for its traditional bocage landscape of woods, orchards, and cattle pasture.
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For the rest of the month, the division was engaged in heavy fighting for the bocage country near Saint Lô and Coutances. During this period, the Götz von Berlichingen suffered heavy losses and by the beginning of July, its strength was reduced to 8,500 men. The division was in the line of advance for Operation Cobra, and suffered heavy losses attempting to halt the Allied offensive. It was encircled by the U.S. 2nd Armored Division around Roncey where it lost most of its armored equipment.
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The range was created by royal decree on March 24 1904, but dates back to 1896, when the Portuguese Army started acquiring the land necessary to establish a new artillery firing range. It was created mainly because the then existing range at Vendas Novas was not large enough to safely train with new artillery pieces being taken into service.Mais Alto 373, p. 6 Its first operational use was on September 18 1904, when it was employed in testing the recently acquired French Schneider-Canet Bocage howitzers.
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Oscar (Orazio) Querci Orazio Querci (1875, Rome –1970) was an Italian entomologist mainly interested in butterflies. Querci established a butterfly dealership in Florence. He supplied World butterflies to many museums including the Natural History Museum, London , the Museum of Philadelphia (via R.C. Williams), the Museum of Barcelona and the Bocage Museum (National Museum of Natural History), Lisbon, Portugal . The Museo Civico di Zoologia holds a collection of Appennine Lepidoptera (" Querci-Romei" collection) and the Zoological Museum of the Sapienza University of Rome holds further specimens.
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A typical clipped European Beech hedge in the Eifel, Germany. A hedge or hedgerow is a line of closely spaced shrubs and sometimes trees, planted and trained to form a barrier or to mark the boundary of an area, such as between neighbouring properties. Hedges used to separate a road from adjoining fields or one field from another, and of sufficient age to incorporate larger trees, are known as hedgerows. Often they serve as windbreaks to improve conditions for the adjacent crops, as in bocage country.
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The former French commune covered 2,792 hectares, a high proportion of it being the Saint-Sever forest. The Saint-Sever forest is the source of two rivers, the river Vire and the river Siena. Lorencières, at the south of the area is highest point at about 350 metres, and the lowest, at the north east area of the at about 144 metres. The south of the area is on the granite massif of Vire-Carolles, and the north on the schistous basement of the basin Bocage virious.
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Unfortunately its adherents were too apt to content themselves with imitating the ancient classics and the Quinhentistas and they adopted a cold, reasoned style of expression, without emotion or colouring. Their whole outlook was painfully academic. Many of the Arcadians followed the example of a latter-day Maecenas, the Conde de Ericeira, and endeavoured to nationalize the pseudo-classicism which obtained in France. In 1790 the "New Arcadia" came into being and had in Bocage a man who, under other conditions, might have been a great poet.
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Hippolyte Le Roux (Paris 1 July 1801 – Paris, 1 July 1860) was a 19th-century French actor and playwright. As an actor, he appeared in le Festin de pierre at the Théâtre-Français (1847) and in La Vieillesse de Richelieu (Fronsac) by Octave Feuillet and Pierre-François Bocage at the Comédie-Française in 1848. His plays were presented on the most prestigious Parisian stages of the 19th century including the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Théâtre des Variétés, and the Théâtre du Vaudeville.
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Ellis, p. 250 The I Corps attack south of the Orne River was halted by the 21st Panzer Division and the XXX Corps attack to the west of Caen was contained near Tilly-sur-Seulles by the Panzer-Lehr Division.Van der Vat, p. 139 To force the Panzer-Lehr Division to withdraw the British 7th Armoured Division attacked the western flank of the division on 13 June, through a gap created by the 1st US Infantry Division, to reach high ground near Villers-Bocage.
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A distinct member of this group was the poet Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage. The ideas of the enlightenment also influenced various economists and anti-colonial intellectuals throughout the Portuguese Empire, such as José de Azeredo Coutinho, José da Silva Lisboa, Cláudio Manoel da Costa, and Tomás de Antônio Gonzaga. As with the Napoleonic invasion of Spain, his invasion of Portugal had consequences for the Portuguese monarchy. With the aid of the British navy, the Portuguese royal family was evacuated to Brazil, its most important colony.
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Operations in the Battle for Caen. Fighting in the Caen area versus the 21st Panzer, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and other units soon reached a stalemate. During Operation Perch, XXX Corps attempted to advance south towards Mont Pinçon but soon abandoned the direct approach in favour of a pincer attack to encircle Caen. XXX Corps made a flanking move from Tilly-sur-Seulles towards Villers-Bocage with part of the 7th Armoured Division, while I Corps tried to pass Caen to the east.
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Officers inspect a German Mk IV tank knocked out by men of the Durham Light Infantry, 11 June 1944. Operation Perch began on 7 June and was the attempt to capture Caen after the direct attack on D-day failed. The plan called for the 7th Armoured Division, supported by the 50th Division to strike south to capture Tilly-sur-Seulles, following which the 7th Armoured Division would capture Villers-Bocage and Evrecy.Delaforce p. 70 On 7 June, the 50th Division occupied Bayeux and advanced south.
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XII Corps, comprising the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, reinforced by a brigade of 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division and the 34th Tank Brigade, the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division and the other two brigades of the 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division, was to attack in Operation Greenline at on 15 July, using Monty's Moonlight, searchlight beams reflected from clouds to illuminate the ground. The two 53rd Division brigades were to secure a start line for the 43rd Division to attack towards Hill 112 and drive a corridor to the Orne River via Bougy, Évrecy and Maizet, ready to advance on Aunay-sur-Odon or Thury Harcourt should there be a German withdrawal. Further west, XXX Corps was to conduct Operation Pomegranate beginning on 16 July, in which the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division on the right, was to capture Vendes and the surrounding area, in the centre the 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division was to capture the villages of Noyers-Bocage, Haut des Forges and Landelle and on the left the 53 (Welsh) Division was to attack, ready for the corps to advance towards the high ground north-east of Villers Bocage.
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The US VII Corps immediately began making their push after the beaches were secured on 6 June, facing mix of weak regiments and battlegroups from several divisions who used the bocage terrain, flooded fields and narrow roads to their advantage which slowed the American advance. After being reinforced, VII corps took control of the peninsula in fierce fighting on 19 June and launched their assault on Cherbourg on 22 June. The German garrison surrendered on 29 June, but by this time they had destroyed the port facilities, which were not made fully operational until September.
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In Villers-Bocage, A Company of the 1/7th Queen's secured the area around the railway station and B and C companies occupied the east side of the town. German infantry had entered the town and house-to-house fighting began. Two German tanks were damaged and driven off, but the 1/7th Queen's infantry companies became mingled and were ordered to fall back to reorganise. A Company was ordered back to the railway station, C Company was assigned the north-eastern edge of the town and D Company the south-eastern edge.
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The propaganda campaign was given credence in Germany and abroad, leaving the British convinced that the Battle of Villers- Bocage had been a disaster when its results were less clear-cut. Schneider, an instructor at the German Bundeswehr tank school and an historian, wrote that the Waffen-SS did not have an "experienced tank arm", compared to the army panzer divisions. The Waffen-SS may have fought with distinction during the Battle of Kursk but could not match the army's success, hence Dietrich's attempts to manufacture a hero out of Wittmann.
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After assisting in the preparations for D-Day with work on the structure of the proposed landing sites and the bocage countryside beyond, Bernal landed, according to C. P. Snow, at Normandy on the afternoon of D-Day+1 in the uniform of an Instructor- Lieutenant Royal Navy to record the effectiveness of the plans. He also assisted boats floundering on the rocks by using his knowledge of the area but said, "I committed the frightful solecism of not knowing which was port and which side was starboard".
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Second Army at the end of D Day. In the days after 6 June 50th (N) Division pushed slowly forward into the Bocage country against increasingly strong German opposition. 69th Brigade advanced another 3–4 miles inland on 7 June, crossing the high ground and the Bayeux–Caen road, linked up with 3rd Canadian Division advancing from Juno Beach, and captured a fortified German radar station at Ducy-Ste-Marguerite. On 8 June, 8th Armoured Bde passed through 69th Bde to continue the advance towards Tilly-sur-Seulles.
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With mounting casualties and no sign of a German collapse, the offensive east of Caen was suspended on 13 June. Further west in the US First Army area, American attacks forced a gap in the German defences. Part of the British 7th Armoured Division was diverted from Tilly- sur-Seulles, to advance through the gap in a flanking manoeuvre and force the Panzer Lehr Division to fall back, to avoid encirclement. On 14 June, after two days of battle including the Battle of Villers-Bocage, the 7th Armoured Division was ordered to withdraw towards Caumont.
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It is an architectural junction; northern French houses with slate roofs are north of the Loire, and Mediterranean dwellings with low terracotta roofs dominate the south bank. The Loire is also the northern limit of grape culture. Land north of Nantes is dominated by bocage and dedicated to polyculture and animal husbandry, and the south is renowned for its Muscadet vineyards and market gardens. The city is near the geographical centre of the land hemisphere, identified in 1945 by Samuel Boggs as near the main railway station (around ).
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The 746th Tank Battalion went back into action on 1 August east of Villedieu-les-Poêles to help exploit the breakthrough in the German defenses. Initially the 9th Infantry Division made good progress, covering 10 miles in two days (an advance unheard of in the bocage),Blumenson, p. 448 but German efforts to restore stability to their front caused resistance to stiffen. Beginning on 4 August, the medium tank companies maneuvered with their infantry regimental combat teams in an effort to dislodge the Germans located between Chérencé-le-Roussel and Gathemo.
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1895 $1 stamp of Clipperton Island, issued as part of the US claim to the island The island was discovered by Alvaro Saavedra Cedrón on 15 November 1528. The expedition was commissioned by Hernán Cortés, the Spanish Conquistador in Mexico, to find a route to the Philippines. The island was rediscovered on Good Friday, 3 April 1711 by Frenchmen Martin de Chassiron and Michel Du Bocage, commanding the French ships La Princesse and La Découverte. It was given the name Île de la Passion (); the date of rediscovery fell within Passiontide.
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For the remainder of the day, 48 Commando pushed through the bocage, without support, to Point 134 and Point 120 followed by 41 Commando. This location nearly cut the Germans escape route from the town; realizing that they had been out-flanked, they set the village ablaze and withdrew. Battle of the Scheldt With Dozulé captured the Commandos pushed on through Beuzeville to the Risle River. On many occasions the commandos and airborne troops would arrive in a village less than hour after the Germans had made a hasty withdrawal.
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A group of survivors led by Alexis Landry took refuge in Caraquet in 1757 at a place called Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage. Several privateers, Captain Saint-Simon and survivors of the Battle of the Restigouche took refuge in the village of Gabriel Giraud in 1760. The following year, Pierre du Calvet made a census of the Chaleur Bay, whose purpose was to determine where and how many Acadians were hiding there. In retaliation for the Battle, Roderick MacKenzie captured most of the refugees, including 20 people of the 174 then in Caraquet.
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In 1859 he was appointed manager of the Théâtre Saint-Marcel, where he played in several plays, but that playhouse was too faraway to be successful. In 1861, the aging actor went to play for the Théâtre de Belleville, and he managed to show preeminence in his former role as Buridan. Shortly before his death, Bocage created the role of the old Duke in Les Beaux Messieurs de Bois-Doré at the Théâtre de l’Ambigu-Comique. He also appeared in Jarvis l’honnête homme, Henri Hamelin and Le Marchand de Londres at the Gymnase.
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The German defenders had every advantage over the Americans, whose tanks would tip up and expose their thin bottom armor as they attempted to cross the barriers. By mid July, field expedient devices were developed to equip tanks to penetrate the hedgerows and restore battlefield mobility. Such specially equipped tanks were referred to as Rhino Tank. After breaking out of the bocage, VIII Corps was able to roll fifty miles in seven days, but it, and the remainder of Bradley's First Army, remained bottled up on the Cotentin Peninsula.
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Saint Souplet-Escaufourt is on the (departmental) route 115. It is part of the canton Cateau-Cambrésis, 6 km from Cateau, 30 km south east of Cambrai and 86 km from Lille. Located in the south of Cateau-Cambrésis and on the doorstep of Avesnois, Saint-Souplet is surrounded by the nature landscapes of Hainaut : grasslands bordered by 'bocage' hedges and vast expanses of cultivated fields. It extends along the Selle, a tributary river of the Scheldt, which arises in Aisne and winds some 50 kilomètres through Département du Nord.
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Dispersed settlement or Streusiedlung in Brülisau, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Switzerland A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world. Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area.Richard Muir, The NEW Reading the Landscape, University of Exeter Press A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village. The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.
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Its head was Palermo de Faria, and the editorial team included Anacleto Oliveira, Bento Mântua, Xavier da Silva, Luís Cebola, Aarão de Lacerda, and Alfredo Mantua. Many of the "new talents" which took part in its journal publication later became well-known writers in Portugal, including Mário de Sá Carneiro, Abel Botelho, Amélia Janny, Astrigildo Chaves, Augusto Casimiro, Guerra Junqueiro, João de Câmara, João de Freitas Branco, Júlio Dantas, Olavo Bilac and a few texts, were published posthumously, including those by Alexandre Herculano, Bocage, Camilo Castelo Branco and João de Deus.
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Director Steve McQueen at the premiere of 12 Years a Slave at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival With a production budget of , principal photography began in New Orleans, Louisiana, on , 2012. After seven weeks, filming concluded on , 2012. As a way to keep down production costs, a bulk of the filming took place around the greater New Orleans area – mostly south of the Red River country in the north of the state, where the historic Northup was enslaved. Among locations used were four historic antebellum plantations: Felicity, Bocage, Destrehan, and Magnolia.
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Normandy, published in 2008, expanded Tide of Iron to include the D-Day amphibious landings and subsequent beachhead operations, comprising Operation Overlord. Nine new map boards are included depicting Normandy terrain such as beaches, cliffs, the bocage (hedgerows), and those showing clustered buildings, to set up key French towns key to the fighting, like Saint-Lô, Bréville, and Caen. Included is additional British infantry, German Panther tanks and the very heavy German King Tiger tank. Self-propelled (assault) guns were introduced, including the German StuG III and American M10 tank destroyer.
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Upon returning to the U.S. in 1899, those members played in the Victory Parade down Fifth Avenue in New York City. Following the war, cornetist Manuel Perez (a student of Onward founder Sylvester Coustaut) assumed leadership of the band. Onward Brass Band soon came to be regarded in the local music community as the most exciting of the city's early brass bands. Its membership included many New Orleans music legends: in addition to Perez himself, names such as Peter Bocage, Lorenzo Tio Jr., George Baquet, Isidore Barbarin, and even, for a brief time, King Oliver.
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Normandy and the bocage country, where hedgerows furnished natural cover for every field came next. The problem was solved by mounting huge bulldozer blades on the tanks so that a path could be cut through the natural earthen breastworks for the infantry to follow. Then came Saint-Lô, the breakthrough at Avranches, where the 2nd Armored Division held the eastern flank, and a series of engagements throughout Northern France and Belgium. Brooks was cited for gallantry in action during the period August 2 to 6 for making repeated visits to forward elements of his command.
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In the Battle of Normandy, he jumped with his troops, who fought for 33 days in advancing to Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte near Cherbourg (St Sauveur was liberated on June 14, 1944). Relieved from front-line duty in early July, the 82nd Airborne Division had, during the severe fighting in the Normandy bocage, suffered 46 percent casualties.Blair, p. 294-297 Major General Matthew Ridgway and Major General James M. Gavin during the Battle of the Bulge, December 19, 1944 In August 1944, Ridgway was given the command of XVIII Airborne Corps.
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The Invasion of Normandy and the subsequent breakout confirmed the need for tanks to support infantry. Infantry units found that tank support was essential in defeating German formations entrenched in towns and amongst the bocage. From that moment on, until the end of the war in Europe, separate tank battalions were attached to as many infantry divisions as possible. While armored divisions were expected to perform the massed breakout thrusts that were increasingly commonplace in Europe, the smaller battalions were essential in supporting and maintaining smaller infantry advances.
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The bocage countryside in Normandy favored defense, and German tanks and anti-tank guns inflicted very heavy casualties on Allied armor during the Normandy campaign, despite the overwhelming Allied air superiority. German counter-attacks were blunted in the face of Allied artillery, infantry-held anti-tank weapons, tank destroyers and anti-tank guns, as well as the ubiquitous fighter-bomber aircraft.Perrett (1999), p. 43 The side skirt armor could predetonate shaped charge anti-tank weapons such as the British PIAT, but could be pulled away by rugged terrain.
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On 9 December 1832 Berlioz presented a concert of his works at the Conservatoire. The programme included the overture of Les Francs-juges, the Symphonie fantastique – extensively revised since its premiere – and Le Retour à la vie, in which Bocage, a popular actor, declaimed the monologues. Through a third party, Berlioz had sent an invitation to Harriet Smithson, who accepted, and was dazzled by the celebrities in the audience. Among the musicians present were Liszt, Frédéric Chopin and Niccolò Paganini; writers included Alexandre Dumas, Théophile Gautier, Heinrich Heine, Victor Hugo and George Sand.
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4th CLY lost its commander, Lieutenant Colonel The Viscount Cranley, and second-in-command; "A" Squadron was destroyed. 4 CLY's losses for the day amounted to 20 Cromwells, four Fireflys, three Humber Scout Cars, three Stuarts and a half track. The lost squadron was reformed within a week and the Regiment fought through to the amalgamation, taking part in Operation Goodwood. Due to losses sustained, particularly by 4th CLY at Villers-Bocage, the two Sharpshooters regiments were amalgamated on 1 August 1944 at Carpiquet to form 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters).
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Supported by tanks and an elaborate artillery fire plan, two battalions were able to reach the northern fringe of the village. During the attack on 18 July the 50th Division captured Hottot for the last time, assisted by a German retirement caused by Operation Goodwood and Operation Cobra. The occupation of Hottot left the 50th Division poised to capture Villers Bocage and advance towards the River Noireau. On the right flank of the 50th Division, the 56th Independent Infantry Brigade faced the Division, which maintained constant attacks by mortars, self-propelled guns and snipers.
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There were big changes in 1981: the construction of a primary school with six classes used to group boys and girls in suitable, dedicated premises. The boys' school was also used for the town hall, and the girls' school was very small. The girls' school then served as home to the school principal, then in 1986 to the extended day program. Thanks to a strong commitment from the Community of Municipalities Bocage Cenomani, the schools are computerized. Thus, for Saint-Georges-du-Bois, there are 23 computers (for 170 students).
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The Communauté de communes du Territoire Nord Picardie is a communauté de communes in the Somme département and in the Hauts-de-France région of France. It was formed on 1 January 2017 by the merger of the former Communauté de communes du Bernavillois, the Communauté de communes du Bocage et de l'Hallue and the Communauté de communes du Doullennais.Arrêté préfectoral 16 December 2016 On 1 January 2018 it lost 5 communes to the Communauté d'agglomération Amiens Métropole and the Communauté de communes du Val de Somme.Arrêté préfectoral 12 December 2017, p.
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The Second Army commander, Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, ordered Lieutenant-General Gerard Bucknall, the XXX Corps commander and Major-General George Erskine, the 7th Armoured Division commander, to disengage the 7th Armoured Division from Tilly-sur-Seulles, move through the gap, seize Villers-Bocage and menace the exposed left flank of the Panzer-Lehr Division. The British objective was a ridge to the east of Villers-Bocage. Dempsey hoped that its capture would force the Panzer-Lehr Division to withdraw or risk being surrounded. The 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and most of the infantry brigade of the 7th Armoured Division were to continue the attack against the Panzer-Lehr Division around Tilly-sur-Seulles and the 1st US and 2nd US Infantry divisions of the V US Corps would continue their advance. The 7th Armoured Division spent the morning of 12 June attacking towards Tilly-sur-Seulles according to its original orders; at 12:00 Erskine ordered Hinde to move the 22nd Armoured Brigade immediately through the gap. Soon afterwards, the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, the divisional reconnaissance regiment, began to reconnoitre a route for the brigade and the rest of the division left Trungy at around 16:00.
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Awarded for actions during the World War I General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 101 (1918) Action Date: June 5, 7, & 10, 1918 Service: Marine Corps Rank: First Sergeant Company: 73d Company Regiment: 6th Regiment (Marines) Division: 2d Division, American Expeditionary Forces Citation: > The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of > Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished > Service Cross to First Sergeant Daniel Joseph Daly (MCSN: 73086), United > States Marine Corps, for repeated deeds of heroism and great service while > serving with the Seventy-Third Company, Sixth Regiment (Marines), 2d > Division, A.E.F., on 5 June and 7, 1918 at Lucy-le-Bocage, and on 10 June > 1918 in the attack on Bouresches, France. On June 5th, at the risk of his > life, First Sergeant Daly extinguished a fire in an ammunition dump at Lucy- > le-Bocage. On 7 June 1918, while his position was under violent bombardment, > he visited all the gun crews of his company, then posted over a wide portion > of the front, to cheer his men. On 10 June 1918, he attacked an enemy > machine-gun emplacement unassisted and captured it by use of hand grenades > and his automatic pistol.
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There was one rifle section and an equal number of officers. It was decided to hold the position on the ridge until reinforcements arrived and an all round defence was organised. At around 10:00, support and reconnaissance troops of the 4th Company, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion arrived and began to collect prisoners between the ridge and the town. Some of the British escaped and about 30 got back to British lines. The 1/7th Queen's took up defensive positions in Villers-Bocage and captured an advance party of three men from the 2nd Panzer Division.
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British commanders hoped that the appearance of a strong force in their rear would force the Panzer- Lehr Division to withdraw or be surrounded. Under the command of Brigadier William "Loony" Hinde, the 22nd Armoured Brigade group reached Villers-Bocage without serious incident on the morning of 13 June. The leading elements advanced eastwards from the town on the Caen road to Point 213, where they were ambushed by Tiger I tanks of the 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion. In fewer than numerous tanks, anti-tank guns and transport vehicles were destroyed, many by SS-Obersturmführer Michael Wittmann.
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The two Hussar regiments were to provide flank protection against the Panzer-Lehr Division and uncover German positions either side of the line of advance. The 131st Infantry Brigade, with the 1st Royal Tank Regiment (1st RTR) and the 1/5th and 1/6th Queen's, was to hold Livry as a firm base. The I SS-Panzer Korps commander Obergruppenführer Sepp Dietrich ordered his only reserve, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion to move behind the Panzer-Lehr and 12th SS- Panzer divisions in the Villers-Bocage area, as a precaution against an attempt to advance into the Caumont Gap.
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While the rest of 50th (N) Division assisted 7th Armoured Division in its attempt to take Villers-Bocage, 69th Brigade operated with the Canadians to prevent enemy infiltration between them. The division was relieved in the front line on 13 June, but were soon back in action, 69th Bde attacking towards Tilly-sur-Seulles once more on 15 June. All three battalions ran into heavy opposition and failed to make the planned advance. A counter-attack drove 5th East Yorkshires back on 18 June, but by 19 June 50th (N) Division had finally driven the Germans out of Tilly.Barnes, pp. 102–123.
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The regiment landed on 7 June 1944 (D+1). Equipped with Sherman tanks, shortly after landing the regiment was involved in the fighting around Putot-en-Bessin and Villers Bocage. After intensive action in the Tilly-sur-Seulles, Fontenay-le-Pesnel, Tessel Wood and Rauray areas, the regiment was disbanded towards the end of July 1944 due to heavy casualties and limited reinforcements, and its personnel were transferred to other regiments. Most of these men went to the 23rd Hussars or other units of the 8th Armoured Brigade, or the 29th Armoured Brigade in the 11th Armoured Division.
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The liberation of continental France began on D-Day, 6 June 1944, with the invasion of Normandy, the amphibious assault aimed at establishing a bridgehead for the forces of Operation Overlord. At first hampered by very stiff German resistance and the bocage terrain of Normandy, the Allies broke out of Normandy at Avranches on 25–31 July 1944. Combined with the landings in Provence of Operation Dragoon on 14 August 1944, the threat of being caught in a pincer movement led to a very rapid German retreat, and by September 1944 most of France had been liberated.
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Early illustration of a Portuguese dogfish. The first scientific description of the Portuguese dogfish was published by Portuguese zoologists José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage and Félix António de Brito Capello, in an 1864 issue of Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London. They created the new genus Centroscymnus for this shark, and gave it the specific epithet coelolepis, derived from the Greek ' ("hollow") and lepis ("fish scale") and referring to the structure of the dermal denticles. The type specimen, caught off Portugal, has since been destroyed in a fire.
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The town of Saint-Lô is very oriented towards services, thus since the fall of Moulinex, the France-United States Memorial Hospital became the first employer in the city. There are many jobs in administration related to its status of prefecture. Its location in the heart of the bocage allows it to sustain services connected historically with agriculture: It may be noted the presence of one of the seats of the , whose closure was announced in June 2010, but also the insurer Groupama, clearly visible from the Major Howie roundabout, and . Finally, many businesses have developed along the ring road.
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Eddie Bo grew up in Algiers, Louisiana and in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans. He came from a long line of ship builders with the male members of his family being bricklayers, carpenters and masons by day and musicians by night. Eddie's mother was a self-taught pianist in the style of friend, Professor Longhair. The Bocage family was involved in the traditional jazz community with cousins Charles, Henry and Peter, who played with Sidney Bechet, contributing to jazz orchestras before World War II. Eddie graduated from Booker T. Washington High School before going into the army.
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The departments included in the uprising, called the Vendée Militaire, included the area between the Loire and the Layon rivers: Vendée (Marais, Bocage Vendéen, Collines Vendéennes), part of Maine-et-Loire west of the Layon, and the portion of Deux-Sèvres west of the River Thouet. Having secured their pays, the deficiencies of the Vendean army became more apparent. Lacking a unified strategy (or army) and fighting a defensive campaign, from April onwards the army lost cohesion and its special advantages. Successes continued for some time: Thouars was taken in early May and Saumur in June; there were victories at Châtillon and Vihiers.
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The revolt began in earnest in March 1793, as a rejection of the mass conscription edict. In February, the National Convention had voted to approve a levy of three hundred thousand men, to be chosen by lot among the unmarried men in each commune. Thus, the arrival of recruiters reminded locals of the methods of the monarchy, aroused resistance nearly everywhere in the countryside, and set in motion the first serious signs of sedition. Much of this resistance was quelled quickly, but in the lower Loire, in the and in the Vendean bocage, the situation was more serious and more protracted.
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Noyers, the main objective, is north of the Odon river valley, astride the main road from Caen to Villers- Bocage. British corps commander Lieutenant-General Richard O'Connor believed that Noyers, which could not be dominated from the high ground south of the river, was key to controlling the river valley, and subsequent operations to cross the river. The area was held by the German 276th and 277th Infantry Divisions. To assist the 59th Division, it was assigned elements of the 33rd Armoured Brigade and 79th Armoured Division; the latter was a formation that provided specialist armoured vehicles as needed.
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His political activities as Minister include the management of several diplomatic treatises with European powers on the subject of Portugal's possessions in Africa. Most notably are his involvement with the Berlin Conference, and also in the negotiations following the 1890 British Ultimatum forced upon Portugal. Bocage published more than 200 taxonomic papers about mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and many others. He was responsible for identifying many new species, several of which he named according to the naturalist who found them (for example, dozens of new species received the specific name, anchietae, honoring Portuguese naturalist José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta).
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As majors, the brothers both fought in tanks in the Guards Armoured Division in the Second World War, fighting in the breakout from Caen after D-Day: Michael commanded a squadron of the 3rd Scots Guards, while Miles was brigade major of 5th Guards Armoured Brigade. A third brother, Martin, commanded a tank in the 2nd Grenadier Guards. Michael and Miles both won the Military Cross (MC) in 1944. Michael's MC was awarded for leading several attacks in the bocage near Estry and Chênedollé. He then became brigade major of the 32nd Guards Brigade, beating his brother in the race to Brussels.
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390–392 Although intended only to cut a corridor through to Brittany to emerge from the bocage,Hastings (2006), pp. 250–252 the offensive caused a collapse of the German position opposite the American sector when Generalfeldmarschall Günther von Kluge's Army Group B was slow to withdraw and expended many of its remaining effective formations in the Operation Lüttich counter-offensive.Williams, p. 197 With the German left flank in ruins the Americans began a headlong advance into Brittany but a large concentration of German forces—including most of their armoured strength—remained opposite the British and Canadian sector.
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The 7th Battalion landed on the Arromanches beaches on 22 June 1944 and ‘suffered severe losses in the Norman bocage with its undulating fields, woods and high hedges which greatly favoured the defenders’. In August, the British ‘broke out of the bridgehead and the 7th Hampshires took part in the action to capture the Mount Pincon feature, the highest point in Normandy and strongly defended by the enemy’. Daniels was mentioned in despatches. On 13 April 1945 the 7th Battalion Hampshire Regiment ‘was ordered to clear the town of Cloppenburg and to secure two bridges over the river which ran through it.
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The Excelsior Brass Band was a brass band from New Orleans active between 1879 and 1931. It was one of the earliest recognized brass bands on the New Orleans jazz scene. The Excelsior was founded in 1879 by Théogène Baquet, who led it until 1904; following this it was led by George Moret (1904-1922) and then Peter Bocage, who led it from 1922 until its dissolution in 1931. The band typically held ten to twelve members, including three cornets or trumpets, two trombones, two clarinets, an alto horn, a baritone horn, a tuba, a snare drum, and a bass drum.
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Allas-Bocage is located some 5 km north-east of Mirambeau and 40 km south by south-west of Cognac. It can be accessed by the minor D151 road running off the D730 in the south-west and continuing north-east through the commune to the village then north to Jonzac. The D153 road also goes from Nieul-le-Virouil in the north- west through the commune north of the village and continues to join the D19 highway in the east. The D50 road from Nieul-le-Virouil also passes through the western part of the commune going south to Soubran.
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Louis Martin, father of Thérèse Soon after her birth in January 1873, the outlook for the survival of Thérèse Martin was uncertain. Because of her frail condition, she was entrusted to a wet nurse, Rose Taillé, who had already nursed two of the Martin children."Therese – Life Story", Society of the Little Flower Rose had her own children and could not live with the Martins, so Thérèse was sent to live with her in the forests of the Bocage the Semallé. On 2 April 1874, when she was 15 months old, she returned to Alençon where her family surrounded her with affection.
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The region included three departments, Calvados, Manche and Orne, that cover the part of Normandy traditionally termed "Lower Normandy" lying west of the Dives River, the Pays d'Auge (except a small part remaining in Upper Normandy), a small part of the Pays d'Ouche (the main part remaining in Upper Normandy), the Norman Perche, and part of the "French" Perche. It covers 10,857 km2, 3.2 percent of the surface area of France.(Northcutt, 1996, p. 181) The traditional districts of Lower Normandy include the Cotentin Peninsula and La Hague, the Campagne de Caen, the Norman Bocage, the Bessin, and the Avranchin.
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Location within France The Pays de Bray is a small (about 750 km²) natural region of France situated to the north-east of Rouen, straddling the French departments of the Seine-Maritime and the Oise (historically divided among the Provinces of Normandy and Picardy since 911, now divided among the administrative regions of Upper Normandy and Picardy). The landscape is of bocage, a land use which arises from its clay soil, and is suited to the development of pasture for the raising of dairy cattle. It produces famous butters and cheeses such as Neufchâtel.info site on the Pays de Bray.
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Rose volunteered and was seen by an army selection board and called up in September 1940, when he underwent training. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 2nd Northamptonshire Yeomanry on 26 January 1941. He saw action in the North African and Italian campaigns as a "Desert Rat" with the 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters), and took part in the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944. A week later, Molly was informed that Bernard has been killed in action; in fact he had been captured on 13 June 1944 during the Battle of Villers-Bocage in Normandy, as she later learned.
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Though found on continental figures, it is something of an English speciality, beginning in the mid-18th century, especially in Chelsea porcelain, and later spreading to more downmarket Staffordshire pottery figures. In English, bocage refers to a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture, with fields and winding country lanes sunken between narrow low ridges and banks surmounted by tall thick hedgerows that break the wind but also limit visibility. It is the sort of landscape found in many parts of southern England, for example in Devon. However the term is more often found in technical than general usage in England.
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Almost all of lowland Ireland is characterised by bocage landscape, a consequence of pastoral farming which requires enclosure for the management of herds. Approximately 5% of Ireland's land area is devoted to hedges, field walls and shelterbelts. In the more fertile areas these usually consist of earthen banks, which are planted with or colonised by trees and shrubs; this vegetation can give the impression of a wooded landscape, even where there is little or no woodland. This pattern of hedgerows was largely established in the late 18th and 19th centuries, a period when Ireland was virtually devoid of natural woodland.
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Despite this, German forces were unable to exploit the chaos. Many German units made a tenacious defense of their strongpoints, but all were systematically defeated within the week. A follow- up operation was scheduled in which one wing of IX TCC would deliver the British 1st Airborne Division to Évrecy on June 14 to support a breakout attempt by British armored forces (Operation Wild Oats) but was so perilous that airborne and troop carrier commanders agreed to it only reluctantly. Crews were being briefed on June 13 when a strong German counterattack at Villers Bocage forced cancellation of the drop.
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Schneider, Tigers in Normandy, p. 4, 11 Battle of Villers-Bocage The wreckage of the British transport column, and an anti-tank gun, that Wittmann engaged. In the days following the Allied D-Day landings of 6 June, both British and Germans regarded control of Caen as vital to the Normandy battle. When a gap has opened up between 352nd Infantry Division and Panzer Lehr Division, the British 7th Armoured Division (Desert Rats) was given the mission to exploit through this gap and encircle Caen from the south-west to form what Montgommery has termed the 'right hook'.
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Always writing with a co-author, Najac provided librettos for several opéras comiques and opéras bouffes: La Momie de Roscoco, with Eugène Ortolan, music by Émile Jonas, (Bouffes-Parisiens, 1857);Lamb, Andrew. "Jonas, Emile",Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press 2002. Retrieved 27 August 2020 Les Noces de Fernande, with Victorien Sardou, music by Louis Deffès, (Opéra-Comique, 1878); Wagstaff, John. "Deffès, Pierre-Louis", Grove Music Online, Oxford University Press 2002. Retrieved 27 August 2020 La Bonne Aventure, with Henri Bocage, music by Émile Jonas, (Théâtre de la Renaissance, 1882); Le Premier baiser, with Raoul Toché, music by Jonas (Nouveautés 1883).
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Statue at Setúbal, Portugal Once back in Portugal he found his old popularity, and resumed his vagabond existence. The age was one of reaction against the Marquis of Pombal's reforms, and the famous intendant of police, Pina Manique, in his determination to keep out French revolutionary and atheistic propaganda, forbade the importation of foreign classics and the discussion of all liberal ideas. Hence the only vehicle of expression left was satire, which Bocage employed with an unsparing hand. His poverty compelled him to eat and sleep with friends like the turbulent friar José Agostinho de Macedo, and he soon fell under suspicion with Manique.
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He became reconciled to his enemies, and died on 21 December 1805 of an aneurysm. He died in poverty on the eve of the French invasion, in a similar way to how Camões' death came just before the occupation of Portugal by the Duke of Alva's army. The gulf that divides the life and achievements of these two poets is accounted for less by difference of talent and temperament than by their environment, and illustrates the decline of Portugal in the two centuries that separate 1580 from 1805. To Beckford, Bocage was a powerful genius, and Link was struck by his nervous expression, harmonious versification and the fire of his poetry.
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After the ambush by the 2nd Company, 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion and the loss of Point 213, the 22nd Armoured Brigade group had repulsed every German attack for two days, Students of the battle have looked to the senior commanders involved to explain the "fumbled failure" at Villers-Bocage. Dempsey remarked after the war that D'Este called Dempsey "excessively harsh" and that once the town had been abandoned the Brigade group withdrawal was inevitable. Other historians suggest that Bucknall threw away the chance swiftly to capture Caen. Montgomery had been a patron of Bucknall and wrote that his protégé "could not manage a Corps once the battle became mobile".
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With Villers-Bocage occupied, A Squadron 4th CLY motored ahead to Point 213 without reconnaissance, as ordered. A Kübelwagen was destroyed and the tanks moved into hull down positions to establish a defensive perimeter. Along the road between the town and the ridge, the personnel carriers of the Rifle Brigade pulled over nose-to-tail, to allow reinforcements for Point 213 to pass. The riflemen dismounted and posted sentries but could see fewer than to either side of the road. Major Wright, the commanding officer of the 1st Rifle Brigade, called a conference at Point 213 for all officers and the senior NCOs of A Company.
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Some paratroopers were killed on impact when their parachutes did not have time to open, and others drowned in the flooded fields. Gathering together into fighting units was made difficult by a shortage of radios and by the bocage terrain, with its hedgerows, stone walls, and marshes. Some units did not arrive at their targets until afternoon, by which time several of the causeways had already been cleared by members of the 4th Infantry Division moving up from the beach. Troops of the 82nd Airborne began arriving around 02:30, with the primary objective of capturing two bridges over the River Merderet and destroying two bridges over the Douve.
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On 10 June, the 7th Armoured Division took over parts of the 50th Northumbrian Division front with the 56th Infantry Brigade under command. By nightfall, the 7th Armoured Division had reached the north-western fringe of Tilly-sur-Seulles and next day penetrated the village, capturing the central crossroads. The Panzer-Lehr Division made several counter-attacks, which forced the British out and attacks by the 50th (Northumbrian) Division bogged down in the bocage. Army Group B planned to relieve the armoured divisions facing the Second Army from 11 June and replace them with infantry divisions, to concentrate the tanks in the Carentan area and avert the danger to Cherbourg.
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6 pdr anti-tank gun and Loyd Carriers knocked out by Michael Wittmann The British advance resumed at 05:30, and at about 08:30 the vanguard of the 22nd Armoured Brigade group entered the west end of Villers-Bocage. A squadron of the 4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters), moved through the town and occupied Point 213, an area of high ground to the east on the Caen road. The regimental headquarters and a company of infantry occupied the eastern end of the town along the main road. At about 09:00, the foremost British tanks were engaged by tanks of the 2nd Company, .
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Carlo D'Este called Dempsey's comments "excessively harsh" but historians generally support them, suggesting that a great opportunity swiftly to capture Caen had been squandered by Bucknall. John Buckley wrote that Bucknall was not ready to support the attack once problems developed and that Erskine was not capable of mastering the situation. The British official historian, Lionel Ellis, wrote that the result was "disappointing" but that the fighting power of the Panzer- Lehr Division and with the unexpected arrival of the 2nd Panzer Division, the 7th Armoured Division "could hardly have achieved full success". In 2001, Michael Reynolds wrote that the 2nd Panzer Division tanks were nowhere near Villers-Bocage.
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In 1976, the communities of Johannesberg and Glattbach together formed the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (municipal association) of Rauenthal. In accordance with the Lower Franconian government's decision, the outlying centre of Rauenthal – formerly an exclave – was split from the community of Johannesberg and merged into the community of Glattbach instead. After the voluntary phase of municipal reform ended, the community of Steinbach was forcibly incorporated into Johannesberg in 1978. Between Johannesberg and Val Orne-Ajon in the French department of Calvados, an official partnership was established in 1990 with quite a number of centres, namely Avenay, Amayé-sur-Orne, Maizet, Montigny, Préaux-Bocage, Maisoncelles-sur-Ajon, Sainte-Honorine-du-Fay and Vacognes-Neuilly.
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When attached to the front of his tank it was successful in rapidly plowing gaps in the hedgerows.GI Ingenuity, p 125, par James Jay Carafano, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 . Military historian Max Hastings notes that Culin was inspired by "a Tennessee hillbilly named Roberts", who during a discussion about how the bocage could be overcome said "Why don't we get some saw teeth and put them on the front of the tank and cut through these hedges?" Rather than joining in the laughter that greeted this remark, Culin realised the idea's potential and put together a prototype tusk-like assembly welded to the front of a tank.
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Edwin Joseph Bocage (September 20, 1930 – March 18, 2009), known as Eddie Bo, was an American singer and pianist from New Orleans. Schooled in jazz, he was known for his blues, soul and funk recordings, compositions, productions and arrangements. He debuted on Ace Records in 1955 and released more single records than anyone else in New Orleans other than Fats Domino. Eddie Bo worked and recorded for more than 40 different record labels, including Ace, Apollo Records, Arrow, At Last, Blue-Jay, Bo-Sound, Checker, Chess, Cinderella, Nola, Ric (for which business his carpentry skills were used to build a studio), Scram, Seven B, and Swan.
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Cromwell and Sherman tanks of the 7th Armoured Division, moving inland, 7 June By the end of D-Day, 24,970 men had been landed at Gold, along with 2,100 vehicles and of supplies. The follow-up landings were slowed by the loss of 34 LCTs and the bad weather. The 24th Lancers and 61st Reconnaissance Regiment, due to land on D-Day to help spearhead the drive towards Villers-Bocage, were unable to put ashore until 7 June. In 2004 Trew wrote that the delay The 7th Armoured Division and the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division were the follow-up divisions of XXX Corps.
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Gold did not refer to a particular beach but to a landing area. It was delineated by Port-en-Bessin on the west and La Rivière on the east, and included Arromanches, location of one of the artificial Mulberry harbours that were to be constructed shortly after the invasion. High cliffs at the western end of the zone meant that the landings would be undertaken on the flat beach between Le Hamel and La Rivière, in the sectors code-named Jig and King. The area immediately behind the beach was marshy, with open ground and bocage (small fields surrounded by hedges and embankments) further inland.
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Louis Jacques Marie Collin du Bocage (14 May 1893 - 3 November 1952), better known by the pen name Louis Verneuil, was a French playwright, screenwriter, and actor. Born in Paris, Verneuil wrote approximately sixty plays and was best known for comedy. Many of his works were produced on Broadway including Monsieur Lamberthier, adapted into Jealousy (1928) starring John Halliday and Fay Bainter, and subsequently adapted again in 1946 as Obsession with Eugenie Leontovich and Basil Rathbone; and Affairs of State (1950) which starred Celeste Holm and Harry Bannister. Affairs of State ran for 610 performances at the Music Box Theatre and was the first work Verneuil wrote in English.
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Anderson, 207 For its actions on Omaha Beach on 6–7 June, the battalion was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation.DA Pam 672-1, 363 After its initial assault and consolidation of the beachhead with the 1st Infantry Division in Normandy, the battalion was detached from the 1st Infantry Division on 15 June and attached to the 2nd Infantry Division. The initial coordination of the tanks with the infantry units as they began to fight inland in the bocage country of Normandy was not well executed and both infantry and tanks suffered casualties until the tactics and procedures of operating together were put in place.
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After D-Day, Stanier led his brigade in all of the 50th Division's operations for the rest of 1944. On 14 June, the brigade captured la Senaudière during Operation Perch, and after weeks of fighting in the bocage it headed the division's attack on Caumont on 30 July during the break-out from the Normandy beachhead. By late August the 50th Division was supporting the British armoured divisions in their thrust across the River Seine towards the River Somme and the Belgian frontier.Ellis, Vol I, pp. 255, 388–9, 470. On 3 September the 231st Brigade, under the command of the Guards Armoured Division, helped to liberate Brussels.
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In the days following the D-Day landings on 6June, the Germans rapidly established strong defences in front of the city. On 9June, a two-pronged British attempt to surround and capture Caen was defeated. On the right flank of the British Second Army, the 1st US Infantry Division had forced back the German 352nd Infantry Division and opened a gap in the German front line. Seizing the opportunity to bypass the German Panzer-Lehr Division blocking the direct route south in the area of Tilly-sur-Seulles, a mixed force of tanks, infantry and artillery, based on the 22nd Armoured Brigade of the 7th Armoured Division, advanced through the gap in a flanking manoeuvre towards Villers-Bocage.
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Major Werncke of the Panzer-Lehr Division conducted a reconnaissance of Point 213 later in the morning and reconnoitring on foot, discovered a column of unoccupied Cromwell tanks. The tank crews were studying a map with an officer at the front of the column and Werncke drove one off before the British could react. At the east end of Villers-Bocage, he found a scene of "burning tanks and Bren-gun carriers and dead Tommies" and drove back to the Panzer-Lehr headquarters at Château d'Orbois. After the ambush on Point 213, A Squadron, 4th CLY had nine tanks operational, including two Fireflies and a Cromwell OP tank, although some were short of crew.
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The failure of the operation led Dempsey to write that there was "no chance now of a snap operation with airborne troops either to seize Caen or to deepen the bridgehead on XXX Corps front. It is clear now that Caen can be taken only by set-piece assault and we do not have the men or ammunition for that at this time". After the war he wrote that the attack by the 7th Armoured Division should have succeeded and that his doubts about the suitability of Bucknall and Erskine increased. Dempsey called the handling of the battle a disgrace and said that the decision to withdraw from Villers- Bocage was made by the corps commander and Erskine.
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Instead of having to take the American gun to be fitted en masse into modified British tanks, the Royal Ordnance factory modified the 6 pounder design by boring out the barrel and adapting the breech to fire the US round. The resulting gun could then be fitted without redesigned tank mountings and dramatically simplified logistics since both British-made and American-made 75mm guns could use the same ammunition. It gained British tanks a good HE shell, but came with an inferior anti-tank round, proving troublesome against heavily armoured German tanks. In the Battle of Villers-Bocage, Cromwell tanks with the 75mm were outgunned by Tiger tanks of the 101st SS Heavy Tank Battalion.
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Thus, the Westheer was embroiled in a battle of attrition which it could not win. Particularly difficult was the surrounding bocage of the Norman countryside, which seriously hampered armored operations and the allied bombing, which prevented the Germans from receiving reinforcements in strength. After Operation Cobra, the Westheer's order of battle was decimated by the destruction of the Falaise pocket, which consisted primarily of Army Group B. Although the Westheer regrouped after Falaise to fight in the Battle of Hurtgen Forest and Battle of the Bulge, it never exhibited the strength that they had in the summer of 1944. Most of its divisions at that time were understrength in personnel and equipment.
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47 Map of Gibraltar in 1799 by Jean-Denis Barbié du Bocage, showing the Lines (far left) in relation to Gibraltar (centre and right) (north is to the left) Situation of these forts and bastions on a map of the 18th century. This sparked a diplomatic dispute between Britain and Spain. During the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, under which Spain ceded Gibraltar to Britain, the British government sought to compel the Spanish to cede "a convenient quantity of land round Gibraltar, viz., to the distance of two cannon shot ... which is absolutely necessary for preventing all occasions of dispute between the Garrison and the Country ..."Levie, p.
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On 10 June, four days after D-Day, the 9th Infantry Division landed at Utah Beach. Assigned to VII Corps, it was allocated to the liberation of the Cotentin Peninsula and was the division that sealed off the peninsula to prevent additional German reinforcements from breaking through. Medical supplies for the regiment had been lost during its movement from England to Normandy, but were replaced and captured German vehicles were pressed into service by the regiment's medical detachment. By 14 June, the entire regiment had landed, and the following day the 47th began combat operations, fighting alongside regiments of the 82nd Airborne Division, attacking along a path which was near, or included, Orglandes, Hautteville-Bocage, and Ste. Colombe.
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Parcels of land owned by the CPIE Bocage de l'Avesnois were classified as a regional nature reserve on by decision of the '. The entire site is included in a ZNIEFF type 1ZNIEFF type 1, of small size, are environmentally homogeneous spaces and have at least one species and / or rare or threatened habitat of local and regional, national or community interest, or they are spaces of great interest in the functioning of the local ecology. ' and another of type 2ZNIEFF type 2 are very rich natural sets, or slightly modified, which provide important biological potential. They may include ZNIEFF type 1 and have a functional role and an ecological and landscape coherence. '.
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Locks at Bobcaygeon The Boyd Arch was transferred stone by stone to its new location in front of the Boyd Museum Bobcaygeon is a community on the Trent–Severn Waterway in the City of Kawartha Lakes, east-central Ontario, Canada. Bobcaygeon was incorporated as a village in 1876, and became known as the "Hub of the Kawarthas". Its recorded name bob-ca-je-wan-unk comes either from the Mississauga Ojibway word baabaagwaajiwanaang "at the very shallow currents", giishkaabikojiwanaang "at the cliffed cascades" or obaabikojiwanaang "at currented rocky narrows", or from the French beau bocage "beautiful hedged farmland". The first lock in the Trent-Severn Waterway was built in Bobcaygeon in 1833.
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The Tyneside Scottish selected as a tank killing ground, an area east and south-east of in front of A and B companies, which had the only good field of observation and dug in four 6-pounder anti-tank guns by the evening. Patrols were sent forward but discovered little because of the poor view in the bocage. The 11th RSF held the right flank near Juvigny, in touch with the 50th Division to the west and the 1/4th KOYLI to the east, who were at the western edge of Tessel Wood. The Hallamshires held the south-west corner of the wood, a little to the north of Vendes and linked with the 4th Lincolns at Tessel-Bretteville.
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They would form an enduring collaboration. He performed with A.J. Piron in 1941, then returned to play with Desvigne from 1942 to 1947. In the 1950s he played again with Barbarin, and recorded with him in 1951 and 1955. Cottrell first recorded as a leader in 1961, when he formed the Louis Cottrell Trio to record for Riverside's "Living Legends" series. Barbarin and Cottrell in 1960 revived the Onward Brass Band. As a sideman he recorded with Peter Bocage (1960), Jim Robinson (1961–64), Harold Dejan (1962), Thomas Jefferson (1962), Paul Barbarin at Preservation Hall (1962), Sweet Emma Barrett (1963), Avery Kid Howard (1964), Waldren Joseph (1964–1965), Barbarin's Onward Brass Band (1968, 1968) and Paul "Polo" Barnes (1969).
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The 51st Division was near Marieux in army reserve and the I Cavalry Corps assembled around Villers-Bocage. The deceptions on the rest of the front ordered on 28 May continued. The artillery preparation begun on 5 June had proceeded satisfactorily and by on 7 June, the 21st Division with the battalion of 56th Division on its left flank, was east of the Hébuterne–Auchonvilliers road, opposite Toutvent Farm and the 53rd Brigade formed the second line on the west side of the road. The 51st Division in reserve, echeloned its brigades back from Bayencourt, Courcelles and Beaussart, its rear elements at Marieux and Sarton; the divisions of I Cavalry Corps gathered to the north of its billeting area.
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1852 map of Oceania by J.G. Barbie du Bocage. Includes regions of Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia and Malaysia. From 1527 to 1595 a number of other large Spanish expeditions crossed the Pacific Ocean, leading to the arrival in Marshall Islands and Palau in the North Pacific, as well as Tuvalu, the Marquesas, the Solomon Islands archipelago, the Cook Islands and the Admiralty Islands in the South Pacific. In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Luís Vaz de Torres.
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He received some initial training in military communications, but was then reassigned to artillery and anti-tank weapons. He was viewed as officer material and served as an officer in the Anti-Tank Regiment of the Guards Armoured Division in 1941–1945, being sent into the early fighting in the Invasion of Normandy after the Normandy Landings (D-Day). In Politics and Letters he writes, "I don't think the intricate chaos of that Normandy fighting has ever been recorded." He commanded a unit of four tanks and mentions losing touch with two of them during fighting against Waffen-SS Panzer forces in the Bocage; he never discovered what happened to them, due to a withdrawal of the troops.
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I Corps attacked southwards from the Orne bridgehead but was halted by the 21st Panzer Division, after advancing a short distance and the attack by XXX Corps bogged down in front of Tilly-sur- Seulles, west of Caen against the defences of the Panzer-Lehr Division. From XXX Corps attacked to manoeuvre behind the . The 7th Armoured Division pushed through a gap in the German front line caused by the success of the US 1st Infantry Division and occupied Villers-Bocage on the road to Caen from the west. The vanguard of the 7th Armoured Division was eventually withdrawn from the town but by 17 June the had been forced back and XXX Corps had taken Tilly-sur-Seulles.
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Since the Allies had achieved air superiority over the beachhead, there was little call for AA defence, and AA units became increasingly used to supplement the divisional artillery to support ground operations. LAA units fired tracer to guide night attacks onto their objectives, and the Bofors guns were much in demand for infantry support. They could give useful close-range fire to help infantry working from cover to cover in the bocage; their rapid fire was good for suppressing enemy heavy weapons, the 40 mm round's sensitive percussion fuze providing an airburst effect among trees. It was also used for 'bunker-busting', though the lack of protection made the gun detachment vulnerable to return fire.
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A Tiger under the command of Michael Wittmann, entered Villers- Bocage and destroyed several tanks of the 4th County of London Yeomanry regimental headquarters and reconnaissance troop, then attacked British tanks entering the town from the west, before attempting to withdraw. The Tiger was immobilised by British return fire and was abandoned by the crew who fled towards Château Orbois to report to the Panzer-Lehr Division. In fewer than 15 minutes, two anti-tank guns and vehicles had been destroyed, many by Wittmann. During the rest of the morning, an infantry battalion from the 22nd Armoured Brigade group took up defensive positions in the town; the troops at Point 213 had been cut off and a force was assembled to extricate them.
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Weingartner, 1996, p. 57. This counterattack allowed most of the German troops in the area to avoid encirclement by CT 26 and the British, who were unable to hold their nearby positions after German counterattacks at Sully and Vaucelles.Wheeler, 2007, p. 288. On June 9, 1944, Lieutenant General Gerow ordered the 1st, 2nd and 29th Infantry Divisions to continue to attack to the south, which led to the difficult and bloody fighting in the hedgerows of the Bocage. CT 26, including a company of tanks, advanced to the village of Angey by 9:00 p.m.Wheeler, 2007, p. 289. CT 26 advanced small distances on June 10 and 11, keeping pace with CT 18 to its west and the British force to its east.Wheeler, 2007, p. 290.
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As well as the Ancient Parishes, the second major influence on the districts of London are the nature of the pre-urban settlement patterns. The lowlands of England are made up of two very distinct landscape types, this is comparable to the division of lowland France into bocage and champagne types.Oliver Rackham, The History of the Countryside, 1986, Chapter 1 The landscape of the countryside around London – in Middlesex, Essex, Surrey and Kent was characterised by a sometimes dense, but highly dispersed population, in scattered farmsteads and tiny hamlets. This pattern contrasts in this way, and a number of others, to the large ‘village’ (larger nucleated agricultural settlements) based communities associated with the former open-field landscapes of the midlands and elsewhere.
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Philip Ward was the son of G. W. N. Ward and was educated at Monkton Combe School near Bath.Debrett's People of Today 1994 He was commissioned into the Welsh Guards in 1943 and served with the 2nd Battalion in the armoured reconnaissance role, equipped with Cromwell tanks, during the campaign in North West Europe in the Guards Armoured Division. This included Operation Goodwood – the start of the breakout from the eastern end of the Normandy Bridgehead – the subsequent fighting in the countryside of the bocage and the armoured dash to Brussels. It is believed that it was one of 2nd Welsh Guards' Cromwell tanks that was the first to enter Brussels on 3 September 1944, before going on to Nijmegen.
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Map of the commune Plan of the city centre Saint-Lô is located in the centre of Manche, in the middle of the Saint-Lois bocage, to the west of Caen, south of Cherbourg and north of Rennes. The city was born under the name of Briovera on a rocky outcrop of schist belonging to the Armorican Massif, in the Cotentin Peninsula, between the confluences of the Vire – which dominates the city centre – with the Dollée and Torteron, two rivers channelled in their urban sections. This historic heart of the city became L'Enclos, a site well suited to passive defence. The east of the territory is the former commune of Sainte- Croix-de-Saint-Lô, south of Saint-Thomas-de-Saint-Lô, absorbed in 1964.
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A politically active citizen, Bocage mingled into the literary movement of his time with a zeal that endowed him with an influence that he tried to put to use during the French Revolution of 1848. He often used his managerial position to have the Odéon's performances serve revolutionary propaganda, and this affected his theatrical career as he was fired from the Odéon in 1848 for anti-government activities. In 1854 he appeared in Théâtre du Vaudeville in Le Marbrier, by Alexandre Dumas. In 1855, he staged several roles in Paris by Paul Meurice, at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin. In 1857, he created the role of Admiral Byng in L'Amiral de l’Escadre Bleue by Paul Foucher, at the Cirque impérial.
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Although a rare occurrence on the battlefield, during the Battle of Normandy it was in the British sector where the majority of these German machines were encountered. The issue with the 75mm gun was perhaps most pronounced during the Battle of Villers-Bocage in which the Cromwells were unable to engage German Tiger tanks frontally with any reasonable chance of success. Several Tigers were knocked out by British forces in the battle nonetheless. The 75mm HV had been intended to rectify this, but prior to entering service it was found to be too large to fit in the Cromwell turret. Instead Cromwells fought alongside the 17pdr armed Sherman Firefly or Challenger, both of which could destroy Panthers and Tigers at standard combat distances.
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131 Goodwood and Atlantic at Caen, drawing German troops and ordnance, and the area of upcoming Operation Cobra at St-Lo The successive Anglo-Canadian offensives around Caen kept the best of the German forces in Normandy, including most of the armor, to the eastern end of the Allied lodgement but even so the First U.S. Army made slow progress against dogged German resistance. In part, operations were slow due to the constraints of the bocage landscape of densely packed banked hedgerows, sunken lanes and small woods, for which U.S. units had not trained.Greiss, p. 317 With no ports in Allied hands, all reinforcement and supply had to take place over the beaches via the two Mulberry harbors and was at the mercy of the weather.
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After thirty minutes the British were counter-attacked by of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich, which had arrived the day before from the area south of St. Lô and relieved the 12th SS Panzer Division west of Rauray. With a Panther company of the 2nd Panzer Division the began several hours of mutually costly counter-attacks as the Tyneside Scottish tried to consolidate their positions in the village. The battalion was withdrawn to Tessel-Bretteville by with an advanced company dug in north of Brettevillette. By recovering the village and holding Queudeville to the south, had kept open a route from Noyers-Bocage for a forthcoming counter-offensive by the II SS Panzer Corps against the VIII Corps salient to the east.
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Groups of five tanks advanced accompanied by Panzergrenadiers, fired on the British infantry as the troops deployed and then moved forward. Other groups advanced on an arc from east to north-east, into the defences of the 6th KOSB and the 4th Lincolns from Rauray to Tessel-Bretteville. The 24th Lancers and the divisional artillery opened fire German tank-infantry groups as they emerged from the smoke screen at about German tactics reflected the vulnerability of tanks and infantry once they emerged from the bocage, against which the British replied with anti-tank fire from camouflaged positions, although to gain a field of fire the guns were dug in close to hedgerows, which disclosed the approximate position of the guns.
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More recent examples of defence in depth include the multiple lines of trenches of the First World War and the following Turkish War of Independence where the Turks stopped the advance of the Greeks towards Ankara. Also plans for the defence of Britain against a potential German invasion in the Second World War. During the Battle of Normandy, Wehrmacht forces utilized the bocage of the area, flooding of fields, and strategic placement of defences to create successive lines of defences to slow the attacking Allies in hopes that reinforcements would arrive. The Pacific Theatre also had many examples of defence in depth, with the Japanese inflicting heavy casualties on the Americans in the Battles of Tarawa, Saipan, Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.
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He also created polemics by translating Goethe's Faust without knowing German, but using French versions of the play. Other notable figures of Portuguese Romanticism are the famous novelists Camilo Castelo Branco and Júlio Dinis, and Soares de Passos, Bulhão Pato and Pinheiro Chagas. Romantic style would be revived in the beginning of the 20th century, notably through the works of poets linked to the Portuguese Renaissance, such as Teixeira de Pascoais, Jaime Cortesão, Mário Beirão, among others, who can be considered Neo-Romantics. An early Portuguese expression of Romanticism is found already in poets such as Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage (especially in his sonnets dated at the end of the 18th century) and Leonor de Almeida Portugal, Marquise of Alorna.
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Jean-Jacques Barthélemy's book was a fanciful but learned imaginary travel journal, one of the first historical novels, which a modern scholar has called "the encyclopedia of the new cult of the antique" in the late 18th century. It had a high impact on the growth of philhellenism in France, Europe and the United States: the book went through many editions, was reprinted in the United States and was translated into German and other languages. It later inspired European sympathy for the Greek War of Independence and spawned sequels and imitations throughout the 19th century. According to a contemporary English literary review: The work also contained numerous maps and engravings of high quality, made by geographer and cartographist Jean-Denis Barbié Du Bocage (1760-1825).
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From Sandhurst Onslow was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Life Guards in 1934, and promoted to lieutenant in 1938. During the Second World War he transferred to 4th County of London Yeomanry, winning the Military Cross as a captain and temporary major for his actions on 19 and 23 November during Operation Crusader in the Western Desert. The citation describes how on 19 November he continued fighting his tank after it had been immobilised, and on 23 November, led two troops of tanks into battle standing on his scout car waving the tanks on with his handkerchief; the award was gazetted on 12 February 1942. As an acting lieutenant-colonel, he commanded the regiment in the Battle of Villers-Bocage during the Normandy Campaign in 1944.
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Early in the war, the TT along with the TPC variants were part of the standard equipment of Royal Engineer Chemical Warfare Companies. Most of the Chemical Warfare Companies were disbanded or repurposed in 1943 in order to free up their 4.2 inch mortars for desperately needed conventional use by infantry divisions in-theatre; the mortars and supporting equipment were attached to each division's machine-gun battalion in company strength. By far the most notable use of the Loyd was in the TT (Tracked Towing) configuration, where it pulled the 6 pounder anti-tank gun from the Normandy landings of 1944 through to the end of the war. There are many wartime photographs of Loyds in action in Normandy, and a number were photographed destroyed in the well-known battle of Villers-Bocage in 1944.
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The 5th East Yorks would then relieve the 1st Dorsets on the high ground of Point 103, to keep the eastern (left) flank of the 50th (Northumbrian) Division level with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division and would then capture the high ground at Point 102, south of Cristot. The attack began at with the 6th Green Howards and the tanks of the 4/7th Dragoons but the (12th SS-Reconnaissance Battalion) had arrived around Cristot earlier in the day. At about during the advance through dense bocage towards Cristot, the tanks and the infantry became separated. The Germans let the unescorted British tanks pass by and then quickly knocked out seven of the nine tanks from the rear; by the 6th Green Howards advance had also been stopped outside Cristot.
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Operation Bluecoat was an attack by most of the British Second Army from 30 July 1944 to 7 August 1944. The objectives of the attack were to secure the key road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pinçon. Strategically, the attack was made to support the American exploitation of their breakout on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead, codenamed Operation Cobra. The British Second Army was switched westward towards Villers-Bocage, adjacent to the U.S. First Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Courtney Hodges. Originally, Lieutenant General Dempsey, the Second Army commander, planned to attack on 2 August, but the speed of events on the American front forced him to advance the date. Men of the 7th Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders advance up to the front line, 4 August 1944.
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81 toward Carentan in an effort to cut off the VII Corps from their supply lines to the landing beaches. The M5 Stuart tanks of Company D were considered too light to be able to operate independently in the heavily compartmented bocage in Normandy, so the battalion commander decided to break the company up and attach one platoon from Company D to each of the medium tank companies, ostensibly as flank security. However, even in that role, the light tanks were considered ineffective. Although remaining attached to the medium tank companies, they were used to maintain security along the lines of communication, where bypassed and infiltrating German troops continued to pose a real threat; to protect the infantry regimental and battalion command posts; and as a tactical reserve.
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During this advance the battalion discovered the difficulties of attacking in the famous Normandy bocage, and developed one of several hedgerow cutter tank attachments the forces in Normandy invented to penetrate the dense hedgerows.CARL, AAR 747th Tank Bn, July 1944 After this intense fighting the battalion again went into division reserve from 20–28 July. While in reserve, the battalion reorganized and transferred personnel within the battalion to fill critical positions, as well as conducting intense combined arms training with the infantry and engineers, and developing a more efficient hedgerow cutter similar to the "Rhino device" that was appearing in other tank units in Normandy at this time.CARL, AAR 747th Tank Bn, July 1944 The battalion moved south of Saint-Lô to the vicinity of Saint-Samson-de-Bonfossé on 28 July.
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Operation Cobra was the codename for an offensive launched by the United States First Army under Lieutenant General Omar Bradley seven weeks after the D-Day landings, during the Normandy campaign of World War II. The intention was to take advantage of the distraction of the Germans by the British and Canadian attacks around Caen in Operation Goodwood,Trew, p. 64 and thereby break through the German defenses that were penning in their forces while the Germans were unbalanced. Once a corridor had been created, the First Army would then be able to advance into Brittany, rolling up the German flanks once free of the constraints of the bocage country. After a slow start, the offensive gathered momentum and German resistance collapsed as scattered remnants of broken units fought to escape to the Seine.
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Baer is the author of six books of poetry, including The Unfortunates, recipient of the T. S. Eliot Poetry Prize; "Borges" and Other Sonnets;Jeffrey Hart, "Morning Star," National Review, June 28, 2004 and "Bocage" and Other Sonnets, recipient of the X. J. Kennedy Poetry Prize. His other books include translations from the Portuguese, Luís de Camões: Selected Sonnets; the textbook, Writing Metrical Poetry; and five collections of interviews, including Classic American Films: Conversations with the Screenwriters. In 1989, William Baer was the Founding Editor of The Formalist (1990–2004), a small poetry journal which played a significant role in the Formalist poetry revival (New Formalism).Paul Galloway, "A New Journal Asserts," Chicago Tribune, March 23, 1990 He is also the former poetry editor and film critic for Crisis Magazine.
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In a 2006 essay, Stephen Badsey wrote that "typical" histories of the invasion of Normandy contain material on the debates and planning of the Allies and the Germans, then they describe the experiences of soldiers on D-Day; the accounts then stop at the beach or become judgements on performance of the senior Allied commanders. The unification of the five Allied beachheads is treated as inevitable and some authors then complain about how long it took to capture Caen. Badsey wrote that these accounts tend to jump to 13 June and the "remarkable but massively overwritten" feat by Obersturmführer Michael Wittmann at Villers-Bocage. This narrative of the battle was established by senior Allied and German officers in memoirs and in writing and by loyal staff officers and sympathetic journalists.
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This could be broken down even further when required, with each of the three tank platoons of a medium tank company being assigned to one of the regiment's three infantry battalions. When breaking out of the Bocage in Normandy, the smallest possible combination—a single tank operating with a nine-man infantry squad—was often used. The light tank company was seldom used in direct infantry support missions, and usually served in a screening role or to augment the division's cavalry reconnaissance troop in their operations. This was due to the severe limitations of the M5 Stuart light tank, which, by 1944, was under-gunned and too lightly armored to be effective in anything but reconnaissance missions (the 752nd Tank Battalion referred to the 37mm gun as a "peashooter").
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For Camões was his model; not the Camões of the epic, but the Camões of the lyrics and the sonnets, where the passion of tenderness finds its supreme utterance. Braga has noted five stages of development in João de Deus' artistic life: the imitative, the idyllic, the lyric, the pessimistic and the devout phases. Under each of these divisions is included much that is of extreme interest, especially to contemporaries who have passed through the same succession of emotional experience, and it is highly probable that Caturras and Gaspar, pieces as witty as anything in Bocage but free from Bocage's coarse impiety, will always interest literary students. But it is as the singer of love that João de Deus will delight posterity as he delighted his own generation.
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These resources and the help of brother Freemasons just enabled him to exist, and a purifying influence came into his life in the shape of a real affection for the two beautiful daughters of D. António Bersane Leite, which drew from him verses of true feeling mixed with regrets for the past. He would have married the younger lady, D. Anna Perpétua (Analia), but excesses had ruined his health. In 1801 his poetical rivalry with Macedo became more acute and personal, and ended by drawing from Bocage a stinging extempore poem, Pena de Talião, which remains a monument to his powers of invective. In 1804 the illness (syphilis) from which he suffered increased, and the approach of death inspired some beautiful sonnets, including one directed to D. Maria, elder sister of Analia, who visited and consoled him.
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Charles Didier (15 September 1805 – 7 March 1864) was a Swiss writer, poet and traveller. Charles Didier followed classic studies in Geneva, where he published two collections of poems, La Harpe helvétique (1825) and Mélodies helvétiques (1825). In 1827, attracted by the myth of Italy, he decided to undertake a trip to the peninsula, where he went as a tutor. In 1829 his travels took him to Sicily. On his return from Italy in 1830, he moved to Paris, where he became for a few years, George Sand's lover,«Aurore Dupin, baronne Dudevant, dite George Sand» in Encyclopédie Larousse online "ill- married" and divorced from Casimir Dudevant, along Michel de Bourges and the actor Bocage Prevented by impending blindness, to take the road to the East, Charles Didier ended his life by committing suicide March 7, 1864 in Paris after long suffering.
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Caen and the area to the south is flatter and more open than the bocage country in western Normandy; Allied air force commanders wanted the area captured quickly to base more aircraft in France. The British 3rd Infantry Division was to seize Caen on D-Day or dig in short of the city if the Germans prevented its capture, temporarily masking Caen to maintain the Allied threat against it and thwarting a potential German counter-attack from the city. Caen, Bayeux and Carentan were not captured by the Allies on D-Day and for the first week of the invasion the Allies concentrated on linking the beachheads. British and Canadian forces resumed their attacks in the vicinity of Caen and the suburbs and city centre north of the Orne were captured during Operation Charnwood (8–9 July).
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Infantrymen of the Hallamshire Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment in the village of Fontenay-le-Pesnel, Normandy, France, 25 June 1944. On 13 June 1944, most of the 49th Division, after just over two years of training, landed in Normandy as part of Operation Overlord. The division arrived too late to take part in the Battle of Villers-Bocage, where the veteran 7th Armoured Division suffered a serious setback, but was involved in the numerous attempts to capture the city of Caen. The division, after landing, was only involved in relatively small-scale skirmishes, most notably on 16 June around Tilly-sur-Seulles, where the 6th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment, of the 147th Brigade, suffered some 230 casualties − 30% of its war establishment strength − in a two-day battle whilst attempting to capture Le Parc de Boislonde.
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In the initial stages of Overlord, ADSEC would be attached to the First Army. In the weeks after D-Day, the First Army was supported over the Omaha and Utah Beaches, and through the Mulberry artificial port at Omaha specially constructed for the purpose, but the American Mulberry was abandoned after it was damaged by a storm on 19 June. The well-handled and determined German opposition exploited the defensive value of the Normandy bocage country, and the Allied advance during the first seven weeks after D-Day was much slower than the Operation Overlord plan had anticipated, and the lodgment area very much smaller. The nature of the fighting created shortages of certain items, particularly artillery and mortar ammunition, and there was unexpectedly high rates of loss of bazookas, Browning automatic rifles (BARs), and M7 grenade launchers.
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Since 2002, the establishment, the community of communes of Bocage Cenomani, the sorting and valuation allows the community to offer many solutions to people: individual recycling bins, buckets for green waste, bins for large volumes, individual composters. The results are in: /capita/year of household waste and /person/year of recyclables or /capita/year while the estimated average by French Eco-Packaging is /person/year. Since March 2010, at the request of the municipality, Sarthe Habitat 1st manager of social housing for Sarthe built the first social BBCs (bâtiment de basse consommation (low consumption buildings)) consisting of 20 houses with reinforced insulation, condensing, hot water by solar panels. The second phase is in progress, starting October 2009, with the launch of a study to create an ecodistrict: energy producing homes, ecologically sound roads, and intensive recycling.
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The biggest defect in the Overlord logistical plan was the failure to anticipate the nature of the fighting in the bocage country. This resulted in larger than anticipated expenditure of shortages of certain items, particularly artillery and mortar ammunition, and calls for the intriduction of new model tanks and the upgrading of existing ones. The plan called not just for the maintenance of the divisions ashore, which required about per division slice daily, but also for building up 21 days' reserves of most classes of supplies by D plus 41, which required the landing of half as much again. When supplies for the air forces, civil affairs and overheads such as materials for the repair of roads, rehabilitation of ports and construction of pipelines were taken into account in, some had to be landed each day.
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Other famous titles from this popular era are Aldeia da Roupa Branca (1938), O Pátio das Cantigas and O Pai Tirano (1941), O Costa do Castelo (1943), A Menina da Rádio (1944) and O Leão da Estrela (1947). During this period historic films also emerged as an important genre in the Portuguese industry, as a medium for the state party to develop its nationalist propaganda and conservative values, namely As Pupilas do Senhor Reitor (1935), Bocage (1936), Amor de Perdição (1943), Inês de Castro (1945), Camões (1946) and Frei Luís de Sousa (1950). A subgenre of these nationalist films were those related to the culture of Fado and the rise to popularity of Amália Rodrigues, the great name of Portuguese song. Some of those films were Capas Negras and Fado, História de Uma Cantadeira, both from 1947.
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The division cut across the Elle River and advanced slowly toward Saint-Lô, fighting bitterly in the Normandy hedge rows. German reserves formed a new defensive front outside the town, and American forces fought a fierce battle with them two miles outside of the town. German forces used the dense bocage foliage to their advantage, mounting fierce resistance in house-to-house fighting in the ravaged Saint-Lô. By the end of the fight, the Germans were relying on artillery support to hold the town following the depletion of the infantry contingent. The 29th Division, which was already undermanned after heavy casualties on D-Day, was even further depleted in the intense fighting for Saint-Lô. Eventually, the 29th was able to capture the city in a direct assault, supported by airstrikes from P-47 Thunderbolts.
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For the next five years he had many love affairs, and his retentive memory and extraordinary talent for improvisation gained him a host of admirers and turned his head. The Brazilian modinhas, little rhymed poems sung to a guitar at family parties, were very popular at the time, and Bocage added to his fame by writing a number of these, by his skill in extemporizing verses on a given theme, and by allegorical idyllic pieces, the subjects of which are similar to those of Watteau's and Boucher's pictures. In 1786 he was appointed guarda-marinha in the Portuguese India navy, and he reached Goa by way of the colony of Brazil in October. There he came into an ignorant society full of petty intrigue, where his particular talents found no scope to display themselves; the glamour of the East left him unmoved and the climate brought on a serious illness.
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Chelsea was known for its figures, initially mostly single standing figures of the Cries of London and other subjects. Many of these were very small by European standards, from about 2 to 3 inches (6 to 9 cm) high, overlapping with the category of "Chelsea Toys", for which the factory was famous in the 1750s and 1760s. These were very small pieces which often had metal mounts and were functional as bonbonnières (little boxes), scent bottles, needlecases, étuis, thimbles and small seals, many with inscriptions in French,Spero, 120; Honey, 76–80 "almost invariably amorous suggestions",Honey, 78–80 but often misspelled.Honey, 76–78 From about 1760, its inspiration was drawn more from Sèvres porcelain than Meissen, making grand garnitures of vases and elaborate large groups with seated couples in front of a bocage screen of flowering plants, all on a raised base of Rococo scrollwork.
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Personnel varied; as with most such New Orleans brass bands of the era, a group no larger than three trumpets or cornets, two trombones, one or two clarinets, alto horn, baritone horn, bass horn, snare drum, and bass drum considered sufficient for most jobs. The team of Papa Celestin playing a driving lead, Manuel Perez with sweet variations and Joe Oliver's hot bluesy counter melodies was remembered by many musicians of the era as the finest brass band trumpet team heard in the city. Other notables who played in the band included Louis Armstrong, Peter Bocage, Mutt Carey, Louis Dumaine, Eddie Atkins, Harrison Barnes, Sunny Henry, Jim Robinson, John Casimir, Johnny Dodds, Jimmie Noone, Alphonse Picou, George Guesnon, Isidore Barbarin, Louis Keppard, Chinee Foster, Black Benny Williams, and Zutty Singleton. A group of younger musicians formed the Young Tuxedo Brass Band, which is still in existence.
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At a barrage by four field artillery regiments and the guns of an Army Group Royal Artillery (AGRA) began and on the left flank, the attack by the 10th DLI and the 4/7th Dragoon Guards resumed through the positions of the 11th DLI in Rauray, towards the high ground south of the village, where the fighting went on all day. At the 1st Tyneside Scottish in the centre, advanced through the bocage close to the creeping barrage, towards the objective of Brettevillette south-west of Rauray. The battalion reached the first objective "Jock" (Tessel-Bretteville) after forty minutes, where two companies consolidated and two pushed on towards the final objective "Jones" (Brettevillette) behind another creeping barrage. German machine-gun fire became intense and the rear of the battalion was bombarded by artillery and mortars but the advance continued and by the battalion had entered the village.
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Municipalities of the city region of Twente Tower for salt- mining, near Twekkelo Oostendorpermolen, near Haaksbergen Although Twente is the most urbanized part of the province of Overijssel, it is renowned for its scenic countryside. This is sometimes characterized as a bocage landscape, attracting many tourists from other parts of the country, with popular sights such as the Lutterzand on the meandering Dinkel, or the wide heather fields on the Frezenbaarg near Markelo. Twente is bisected from north to south by a range of hills in western Twente (Holterberg, Rijsserberg, Friezenberg, Nijverdalse Berg, Hellendoornse Berg), and hills in the east, with the Tankenberg near Oldenzaal being the highest point. The towns of Ootmarsum, and Oldenzaal to a lesser extent, are known for their scenic historical buildings, the latter of which has a noteworthy Romanesque church called Oale Grieze (the ‘Old Grey’), which is the oldest Romanesque church in the Netherlands.
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Van Der Vat, p. 112Ellis, pp. 170–171 German resistance prevented the town from being captured on D-Day, a result considered possible by Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey the Second Army commander.Van Der Vat, p. 114Buckley 2004, p. 23 For the next three weeks, positional warfare took place around Caen as both sides attacked and counter- attacked for minor tactical advantage on the Anglo-Canadian front and as part of a strategic intent to force the Germans to keep their most powerful armoured units away from the US First Army, as it captured Cherbourg and then pushed southwards through the bocage towards St. Lô.Roy, pp. 42–43 From the Second Army conducted Operation Epsom, with the VIII Corps which had recently arrived from Britain, to outflank Caen from the west and seize the high ground across the Orne near Bretteville-sur-Laize to the south.
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In March 1944, No. 75(NZ) Sqn began to exchange its Stirlings for Lancaster III's and was ready in time to participate in preparation and support of the Allied invasion, the bombing of flying-bomb sites and close-support of the armies. A Lancaster, (ND917), a Mark III captained by Squadron Leader N A Williamson, RNZAF, on 30 June 1944 became the first British heavy bomber to land in Normandy after the invasion began. The Lancaster was returning from an attack on Villers Bocage in support of the Army when Williamson landed on one of the newly laid landing strips on the beach-head to seek medical aid for his flight engineer who had been wounded by flak. An unusual sortie for 75(NZ) Squadron was the high altitude run over The Hague in March 1945 by a lone Lancaster piloted by Flight Lieutenant H W Hooper.
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He returned to Torigny, where he was again arrested on 14 July 1798, and imprisoned in the citadel of St. Lo until December 1799. In February 1800, he was allowed to return to England. To relieve his financial distress, he published by subscription ‘A Relation of several Circumstances which occurred in the Province of Lower Normandy during the Revolution, and under the Governments of Robespierre and the Directory; commencing in 1789 down to 1800. With a detail of the Confinement and Sufferings of the Author; together with an Account of the Manners and Rural Customs of the Inhabitants of that part of the Country called the Bocage, in Lower Normandy,’ 8vo, London, 1802. Greene afterwards resided in Russia, and wrote a ‘Journal from London to St. Petersburg by way of Sweden,’ 12mo, London, 1813. He is mentioned as still alive in the ‘Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors,’ 1816.
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The division, now under Major General Lloyd Brown, left the United States and went overseas on 8 October 1943, arriving in South Wales soon afterwards, where it began training for the invasion of Northern France. On 22 July 1944, the division landed in Normandy, seven weeks after the initial D-Day landings and was almost immediately involved in Operation Cobra. The 28th Infantry Division pushed east towards the French capital of Paris through the Bocage, its roads littered with abandoned tanks and bloated, stinking corpses of men and animals. In little more than a month after landing at the Normandy beachhead, as part of the Allied invasion of Normandy, the men of the 28th entered Paris and were given the honor of marching down the Champs-Elysées on 29 August 1944 in the hastily arranged Liberation of Paris. Men of the 28th Infantry Division marches down the Champs Élysées in Paris, 29 August 1944.
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This strange and versatile character may be said to possess the true wand of enchantment which at the will of its master either animates or petrifies. In 1797 enemies of Bocage belonging to the New Arcadia delated him to Manique, who on the pretext afforded by some anti-religious verses, the Epistola a Marilia, and by his loose life, arrested him when he was about to flee the country and lodged him in the Limoeiro jail, where he spent his thirty-second birthday. His sufferings induced him to a speedy recantation, and after much importuning of friends, he obtained his transfer in November from the state prison to that of the Portuguese Inquisition, then a mild tribunal, and shortly afterwards recovered his liberty. He returned to his bohemian life and subsisted by writing empty Elogios Dramáticos for the theatres, printing volumes of verses and translating the didactic poems of Delille, Castel and others, some second-rate French plays.
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Flag-draped coffin of Major Thomas D. Howie in the rubble of St. Lo cathedral On 11 June the 116th was withdrawn to the reserve in order to reorganize due to the D-Day losses. After the 115th Infantry was repulsed while attacking across the Ellé towards the key road junction of Saint-Lô, the 116th was moved forward on the morning of 13 June. The regiment began crossing the river at 20:15, encountering heavy small arms which died down, allowing the 116th to reach the opposite bank by midnight. The 2nd Battalion captured Saint-Clair, and Couvains was captured at 10:45 on the morning of 14 June. By 17 June, most of the regiment had reached positions only short of Saint-Lô, but the fighting in the Battle of Saint-Lô bogged down in the difficult bocage terrain of Normandy. The 116th fought to overcome Martinville Ridge near the city from 12 July, then after street fighting the city was captured on 18 July.
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Mungo Melvin wrote that although the 7th Armoured Division changed its organisation to a flexible combined arms structure, which was not done by the other British armoured divisions until after Operation Goodwood, neither the 131st Infantry Brigade nor the balanced divisional reserve of an armoured regiment and an infantry battalion were employed well. Buckley referred to "a reduced armoured brigade, with only limited mobile infantry and artillery support" and doubted it could worry the Germans and noted that the 151st Infantry Brigade was available in Corps reserve. Hastings was critical of a British failure to concentrate force at the crucial place and time and referred to the feelings of the "men on the spot" in Villers-Bocage that "a single extra infantry brigade could have been decisive in turning the scale". D'Este supported XXX Corps commander Bucknall's claim that neither the 151st Infantry Brigade or the 49th Infantry Division could be made ready in time to influence the battle.
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Initially, only two weak German infantry divisions held the intended attack frontage, south and east of Caumont, although they had laid extensive minefields and constructed substantial defences. They also occupied ideal terrain for defence, the bocage. Churchill tanks supporting infantry of the 2nd Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders during Operation 'Veritable', 8 February 1945. After the Battle of the Falaise Gap, which saw most of the German Army in Normandy virtually destroyed (although the division took no part in it), the 15th (Scottish) Division, commanded by Major General Colin Barber, previously the 46th Brigade commander, after Major General MacMillan was wounded in early August, fought virtually continuously from then on through Caumont, the Seine Crossing, the Gheel Bridgehead, Best, Tilburg (Operation Pheasant), Meijel, Blerwick, Broekhuizen, the Maas, Operation Veritable and across the Rhine, entering Germany, in Operation Plunder in late March 1945, then taking part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany.
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In 1833, Álvares moved with his family to Rio de Janeiro, and in 1840 he enrolled at the Colégio Stoll, in the bairro of Botafogo. In 1844 he temporarily returned to São Paulo with his uncle, going back to Rio in the following year, where he enrolled at the Colégio Pedro II. There he learned English, French and German, and, being a very avid reader, got acquainted with the works of Lord Byron, François-René de Chateaubriand, Victor Hugo, George Sand, William Shakespeare, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Manuel du Bocage, Dante Alighieri, Alfred de Musset, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Alphonse de Lamartine and Thomas Chatterton, which would heavily influence his writing style. While at school, Azevedo drifted towards the moderate liberalism of Lamartine and François Guizot. In his poem "Rex Lugebit" and in his "Speech delivered at the inaugural session of the Academy Society - Philosophical Essay, May 9, 1850", Azevedo condemns the despotic practices of the Brazilian government.
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In these circumstances he compared the heroic traditions of Portugal in Asia, which had induced him to leave home, with the reality, and wrote his satirical sonnets on The Decadence of the Portuguese Empire in Asia, and those addressed to Afonso de Albuquerque and D. João de Castro. The irritation caused by these satires, together with rivalries in love affairs, made it advisable for him to leave Goa, and early in 1789 he obtained the post of lieutenant of the infantry company at Damão, India; but he promptly deserted and made his way to Macau, where he arrived in July–August. According to a modern tradition much of the "Os Lusíadas" had been written there, and Bocage probably travelled to China under the influence of another classic Portuguese poet, Luís de Camões, to whose life and misfortunes he loved to compare his own. Though he escaped the penalty of his desertion, he had no resources and lived on friends, whose help enabled him to return to Lisbon in the middle of the following year.
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He was born in Ponta Delgada on the island of São Miguel, in the Azores, into one of the oldest families of the provincial captaincy system. Antero was baptized on 2 May 1842 (few days after his birth). His parents were Fernando de Quental (Solar do Ramalho; 10 May 1814São Miguel Island, Ponta Delgada, Matriz; 7 March 1873), a veteran from Portuguese Liberal Wars who took part in the Landing of Mindelo and liberal in outlook,Despite being an aristocrat, Fernando de Quental was supporter of the liberal movement, going so far as chip-away the family coast of arms on the family's manor house. Fernando was, himself, the son of André da Ponte de Quental da Câmara e Sousa, a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars and also a liberal enthusiast that befriended and found himself locked up with the great poet Manuel Maria Barbosa de Bocage for his political views and wife Ana Guilhermina da Maia (Setúbal, 16 July 1811Lisbon 28 November 1876), a devout Roman Catholic.
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He was promoted to captain, and then on 10 January 1938 to major. From 1940 to 1942 he served as commander of the 15th/19th Hussars, receiving promotion to lieutenant colonel on 10 January 1941. From 26 August 1942 until 7 December 1942 he commanded the 20th Armoured Brigade, with the temporary rank of brigadier, and then from 23 January 1943 to 7 August 1944 was commander of the 22nd Armoured Brigade, seeing active service in North Africa, Italy and North-West Europe; particularly in Normandy and in the Battle of Villers-Bocage. On 27 May 1944 he was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel, with seniority from 10 January. From 1945 to 1948 he was Deputy Military Governor of the British Sector of Berlin. He was promoted to brigadier on 12 October 1948, and from October 1948 to July 1949 was Deputy Commander of the North-West District. He returned to Germany to serve as Deputy Commanding Officer, Lower Saxony, from 1949 to 1951. Hinde was appointed an Aide-de-Camp to the King on 24 November 1950.
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The Curtis G. Culin III memorial in his hometown of Cranford, New Jersey Sgt Curtis Grubb Culin III (February 10, 1915 - November 20, 1963) was a World War II soldier credited with the invention of a hedge-breaching device fitted to Allied armored vehicles during the Battle of Normandy. As they moved inland after the D-Day landings, the Allies found their tanks were unable to operate easily or safely in the Normandy bocage countryside. Instead of breaking through the thick, high hedges the tanks rode over them, which exposed their thinly armored undersides to attack while their own guns could not be brought to bear. A native of Cranford, New Jersey, Culin was serving as a tanker with the 102nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron (New Jersey National Guard, the "Essex Troop," 2nd Armored Division)Battle of the Hedgerows: Bradley's First Army in Normandy, June–July 1944 de Stephen Hart et Leo Daugherty, p 101 when he came up with the four-pronged plow device created from scrap steel from a German roadblock.
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Biographical researches – François de Pouqueville (2009) and his observations were highly regarded by later explorers and by the geographer Jean-Denis Barbié du Bocage, author of a fine atlas attached to Barthelemy'sVoyage du jeune Anarcharsis en Grèce dans le milieu du quatrième siècle avant l'ère vulgaire, and who was a founder of the Societe de geographie in 1821. The maps of Greece that were established through their collaboration, and that of topographer Pierre Lapie with the publication of Pouqueville's "Voyage de la Grèce" (1824), were so detailed and complete that they remained in use in Greece until the advent of aerial photography, and even to this day."Installed in the Tzanetaki tower, a fine permanent exhibit retraces the history of the Magne with texts, drawings, photographs and sketches of the area established by a number of travellers who had discovered this region between the 16th and 20th centuries, notably the French writer François Pouqueville (1770–1838), author of Travel in Morea."Michelin Guide, 2006 For his services to their Country the Greeks honored him with the award of the Order of the Savior.
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147–152 The majority of the German tank forces in Normandy – six and a half divisions – were drawn into fighting the Anglo-Canadian forces of the 21st Army Group around the town of Caen. The numerous operations undertaken to secure the town became collectively known as the Battle of Caen. While there were areas of heavy wooded bocage around Caen, most of the terrain was open fields which allowed the Panther to engage the attacking enemy armour at long range — its combination of superior armour and firepower allowed it to engage at distances from which the Shermans could not respond.Zaloga 2008, Armored Thunderbolt p. 193 Conversely, by the time of the Normandy Campaign, British divisional Anti-tank Regiments were well equipped with the excellent 17-pounder gun, and some US-supplied M10 tank destroyers had their 3-inch gun replaced with the 17pdr (giving the 17pdr SP Achilles), making it equally as perilous for Panthers to attack across these same fields. The British had begun converting regular M4 Shermans to carry the 17-pounder gun (nicknamed Firefly) prior to the D-Day landings.
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The 11th DLI were dug in near Rauray and linked with the Tyneside Scottish on the high ground at Across the divisional and corps boundary to the east, along the road to le Haut du Bosq, the 6th King's Own Scottish Borderers (6th KOSB) of the 15th (Scottish) Division were dug in on the south side of the road, an obvious avenue of attack against VIII Corps. Only the units near had a relatively unhampered view, the other battalions being hemmed in by banks, hedgerows and trees. The three 49th Division artillery regiments, tanks of the 24th Lancers, anti-tank guns of the 217th Anti-tank Regiment RA, two dummy 6-pounder anti- tank guns and the Vickers machine-guns of the 2nd Kensingtons, were made ready to support of the infantry. Wireless intelligence, gleaned from the , led to Bomber Command dropping of bombs during the evening on suspected German tank concentrations at Villers-Bocage which, along with a naval and artillery bombardment, obliterated the town in twelve minutes.
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The battalion was created on July 19, 1943, as a part of the I SS Panzer Corps, by forming two new heavy tank companies consisting of Tiger I tanks and incorporating the 13th (Heavy) Company of the 1st SS Panzer Regiment. It was attached to 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte and sent to Italy on August 23, 1943, where it stayed until mid-October. The 1st and 2nd company were then sent to the Eastern Front while the rest of the unit stayed in the West. With the anticipated Allied invasion of Western Europe approaching, elements of the battalion in the East were ordered to the West in April 1944. On June 1, 1944, the battalion was located near Beauvais, north- west of Paris. Of its 45 Tigers, 37 were operational and eight more were under repair. With the D-Day landings on June 6, it was ordered to Normandy where it arrived on June 12. The battalion lost 15 of its 45 Tigers by July 5, including in the Battle of Villers-Bocage.
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He was born on 23 May 1890 under the name of François Grumel in La Serraz, in the commune of Le Bourget-du-Lac, in Savoy, France. Orphaned, he began his schooling at the Bocage orphanage, near Chambéry (1895-1902). He joined the Assumptionist, or Augustinians of the Assumption, school of Notre- Dame des Châteaux, in the Tarentaise Valley (1902-1903). Later, he transferred to Mongreno (near Turin) in Italy (1903-1905). Grumel completed his studies in Spain - at Calahorra (1905-1907) and Elorrio (1907). On 11 September 1907, he entered the Assumptionist novitiate of Louvain, Belgium, where took the name of Brother Venance. He made his first vows on 1 September 1908, then his perpetual vows in Gempe, Belgium on 12 September 1909. He took philosophy courses in Rome, where he obtained a degree (1909-1911). He made his teaching debut at Elorrio (1911-1913). He began his studies of theology in Jerusalem (1913-1914) and completed them in Italy - at Rome (1915-1916) and Fara in Sabina (1916-1917).
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Towards the end of the war, more powerful anti-tank weapons such as the bazooka, Panzerschreck, and PIAT were introduced which were fatal to tanks at ranges longer than the tank's flamethrower could reach. British Churchill Crocodiles supported the U.S. Army in the summer of 1944 during the fight over the Normandy hedgerows or 'The Bocage Country' and used a squadron during the fighting at the Battle for Brest, notably aiding in the defeat of a Fallschirmjäger garrison at the siege of Montbarey fortress on 16 September 1944. The US Army received a smaller American designed flamethrower mounted upon the M4 Sherman tank during the same month of September 1944, assigned to the US Army's 70th Tank Battalion, the flamethrowing tanks went into action on 18 September 1944, where it was found that the weapons had a very short range as compared to the British Crocodiles, and consequently were not very popular amongst US troops.Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) 215, 216 The Canadian and Dutch armies became two of the most active users of the Wasp variant of universal carriers equipped with a flamethrower.
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The Canadian historians Terry Copp and Robert Vogel wrote about the dispute between the "American school" and "British school" after having suffered several setbacks in June 1944: Hampered by stormy weather and the bocage terrain, Montgomery had to ensure Rommel focused on the British in the east rather than the Americans in the west, who had to take the Cotentin Peninsula and Brittany before the Germans could be trapped by a general swing east. Montgomery told General Sir Miles Dempsey, the commander of the 2nd British Army: "Go on hitting, drawing the German strength, especially some of the armour, on to yourself – so as to ease the way for Brad [Bradley]." The Germans had deployed 12 divisions, of which six were Panzer divisions against the British while deploying eight divisions, of which three were Panzer divisions against the Americans. By the middle of July Caen had not been taken, as Rommel continued to prioritise prevention of the break-out by British forces rather than the western territories being taken by the Americans.
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In mid-July 1944, the First United States Army became stalled in its operations in the Norman bocage. Gen. Omar Bradley implemented Operation Cobra, a plan to end the near- stalemate by using massive air power to punch a hole in the strong German defenses near Saint-Lô, allowing the VII Corps to break through into the French interior. The key to the plan, at the insistence of Leigh-Mallory, was the use of heavy bombers to pattern bomb a small area of the defenses immediately before the start of the offensive, preceded by fighter-bomber attacks of IX TAC, and followed by attacks in the German rear by 11 groups of medium and light bombers of the Ninth Air Force. At a conference at AEAF headquarters at Stanmore on July 19, air commanders expressed serious reservations about the safety of U.S. troops, particularly their proximity to the target area, resulting in tactical compromises that ultimately proved inadequate. Poor weather delayed the attack until July 24, and a request for postponement another 24 hours was denied.
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Damião's musical style is impossible to categorize accurately, since he experiments with numerous genres, more prominently freak folk, psychedelic rock, reggae and experimental rock. His songs have no logical sense at first sight, and mostly of them are sung in a dialect created by him, the "Planet Lamma dialect" (spoken in his eponymous "home planet"), with improvised lyrics. His discography is vast, with numbers varying between 24 and over 38 albums depending on the source, all of them in vinyl format (Damião has stated that he never planned to re-release his catalogue in CD) and recorded at a small studio inside his apartment. Among his lyrical themes are support for authoritarian and dictatorial régimes (particularly Nazism and communism), the apartheid and the Rastafari movement, opposition to abortion, feminism, wage labor and any forms of organized religion, drugs, sex, homosexuality, semiotics and planets created by him, while alluding to personalities such as João Cândido, Isabel and Eva Perón, Bob Marley, Pieter Willem Botha, Adolf Hitler, Fidel Castro, Manuel du Bocage and Getúlio Vargas.
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By December 1943 the division had returned to England and begun training for operations in North- West Europe under the supervision of I Airborne Corps. Although the 1st Airborne Division was not scheduled to take part in the Normandy landings, a contingency plan, Operation Wasteage, was drawn up whereby the division would be parachuted in to support any of the five invasion beaches if serious delays were experienced. This plan turned out not to be required.Peters and Buist, p.10 While the 6th Airborne Division were still fighting in Normandy, numerous plans to parachute the 1st Airborne Division into France were formulated, all to no avail. In June and July 1944, the plans included Operation Reinforcement, which was a landing to the west of St Sauveur-le-Vicomte to support the US 82nd Airborne Division, and Operation Wild Oats that would have seen the division land south of Caen to meet the advancing 7th Armoured Division moving from Villers-Bocage and the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division and 4th Armoured Brigade advancing south out of the Orne bridgehead in a move to encircle and capture Caen.
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270Bishop, Chris, The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., (2002), p. 431 All L-4 models, as well as similar, tandem-cockpit accommodation aircraft from Aeronca and Taylorcraft, were collectively nicknamed "Grasshoppers", though the L-4 was almost universally referred to by its civilian designation of Cub. The L-4 was used extensively in World War II for reconnaissance, transporting supplies, artillery spotting duties and medical evacuation of wounded soldiers. During the Allied invasion of France in June 1944, the L-4's slow cruising speed and low-level maneuverability made it an ideal observation platform for spotting hidden German armor waiting in ambush in the hedgerowed bocage country south of the invasion beaches. For these operations, the pilot generally carried both an observer/radio operator and a 25-pound communications radio, a load that often exceeded the plane's specified weight capacity. After the Allied breakout in France, L-4s were also sometimes equipped with improvised racks, usually in pairs or quartets, of infantry bazookas for ground attack (actually a form of top attack) against German armored units. The most famous of these L-4 ground attack planes was Rosie the Rocketer, piloted by Maj.
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