Unfortunately, that kind of balkanization looks a lot like incoherence.
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All of this could cause a balkanization of the internet.
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Isn't it about time we give pluralism a chance instead of more Balkanization?
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But a federal intervention could also head off growing administrative balkanization and complexity.
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India's likely legislation is set to contribute to a balkanization of the internet.
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That balkanization also has a serious effect on another factor slowing LA's growth: zoning.
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Tech firms worry such a Balkanization of the internet could hurt their bottom line.
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No to Balkanization of the internet, the digital divide, and venue shopping in patent litigation.
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Again, this is more balkanization instead of crafting an economic message appealing to the middle class.
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True, critics of a national Latino museum have said that represents a balkanization of the Smithsonian.
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It's part of a wider balkanization of how access to content is regulated around the world.
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It was not at all the case that the internet inevitably created the balkanization and echo chambers.
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Wilson: You can only place your faith in devolution, you can only place your faith in balkanization.
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But to fully appreciate the impact of gaming's Balkanization, you have to place it in proper context.
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While criticism of the "liberal media" is hardly a new phenomenon, the balkanization of online media is.
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In many regards, 2016 may well be viewed as a tipping point toward a Balkanization of the internet.
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Until recently, Europe's assimilation challenge looked unpleasant but not insurmountable, and the likelihood of Yugoslavian-style balkanization relatively remote.
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And it would presumably bring in a more diverse pool of migrants, making balkanization and self-segregation less likely.
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"This is the reality of the Balkanization of the Republican Party," said Mr. Bell, now with the Bipartisan Policy Center.
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It's a rare gift to be a prominent voice within a global conversation, especially in a time defined by sociopolitical Balkanization.
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The court has applied it dozens of times over many years as a bulwark against a feared "Balkanization" of the country.
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"The White House has used racial and ethnic Balkanization as a campaign strategy, with xenophobia as a reliable theme," Mr. Brooks said.
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Social media, the balkanization of the news industry into ideological fragments and gerrymandered congressional districts are often blamed for the bitter political tone.
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In the end, I believe that Balkanization will continue to impact even the larger and stronger cartels such as Sinaloa and the CJNG.
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A chillier relationship with Europe and increasing hostilities with China spur on the trend toward Balkanization — and vice versa, creating a feedback loop.
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In our current moment of identity politics and multicultural Balkanization, Murray offers a vision of America in all its grandeur and maddening complexity.
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Taken together, the fact that these fractures occurred on Guzman's watch puts paid to the notion that he could have halted the Balkanization trend.
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Clinton has been in politics throughout these decades of economic stagnation and inequality, of political Balkanization, of weakening faith in American institutions and leaders.
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These people believe that if figures like Guzman remained in place, they would be able to counter the Balkanization that has fractured Mexico's cartel landscape.
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To critics, discussion of independence for a tiny clutch of islands, while far-fetched, underscores the growing risk of the post-Brexit Balkanization of Britain.
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Do you see fake news and filter bubbles and the broader balkanization of media as an inevitable result of the internet and social media in particular?
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As we noted in 2013, the long process of Balkanization — or splintering — of the groups made it difficult to analyze them the way we used to.
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And this Balkanization increasingly shapes state politics as much as Virginia's presidential preferences (it has supported the Democratic nominee in each of the last three elections).
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They need to stop with the Balkanization of America, and suddenly somebody will tweet at me or e-mail to me, you're just being a racist.
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"Is this the beginning of the political Balkanization of digital engagement technologies?" asked Michael Slaby, a communications strategist who oversaw technology for President Barack Obama's national campaigns.
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The federal government wants to keep control of those funds, saying it fears the balkanization of the country, and accuses some state authorities of behaving like warlords.
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Many European countries are considering drafting their own laws regulating sharing economy startups like Airbnb and Uber, a balkanization that Ansip's initiative is trying to hedge against.
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While many complain about the FDA's ability to do postmarket surveillance -- the Institute of Medicine cited "substantial weaknesses" -- few point out the system weakness: the balkanization of data.
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When he laments the present-day media's role in our "national balkanization," he's simply describing a world that is open to a wider, more unpredictable array of voices.
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Instead of falling into the very easy traps of Balkanization, the vibe we're reaching for shows beyond the very narrow view of us as freshly arrived victimized immigrants.
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Chicago's population is divided almost equally among African-Americans, Latinos and whites, and the geographic Balkanization allows segregation to infect neighborhoods with the graveness of a waterborne disease.
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Against the backdrop of China, Russia, and Iran working to sequester their own private, national internets, other countries like Kazakhstan have experimented with similar balkanization and internet-control initiatives.
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Why it matters: The move is yet another example of the Balkanization of the once-global internet, as different countries seek to monitor or restrict what citizens can see.
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Moreover, a top Interpol officer this week characterized the Trump administration's actions against Kaspersky as "Balkanization" that could hamper international efforts to combat cyber crime in comments to Reuters.
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The CJNG's expansion was helped by a balkanization of the cartels that followed the neutralization of capos over the past decade under the U.S.-backed "Kingpin" strategy employed by Mexico.
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Money in politics, the balkanization of the media, changing standards in use of the filibuster (in the Senate), and the impact of gerrymandering (in the House) likely all play a role.
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Conversely, the struggle for business investment could lead to greater regulatory Balkanization of the country, with bad corporate actors taking advantage of more lax regulations in certain states and local jurisdictions.
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As the American empire begins its descent into Balkanization, Native voters could play a key role, and perhaps even slow the process, by voting for people who have represented their interests.
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In Mexico, the reason for the increase in violence has been attributed to three major factors: Balkanization: While the government has crowed about the capture of high-profile cartel kingpins, most notably the capture of Sinaloa cartel leader Joaquin "Chapo" Guzman last year, analysts say this has led to a "balkanization of organized crime in Mexico," leading to more intense fighting between rival gangs, all eager to fill the power vacuums left when a major player is captured.
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They are deep political divisions that threaten a return to the balkanization of Europe that began in the aftermath of World War I and continued until the formation of the European Union.
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In the event that elections in the Netherlands, France, or Italy create financial turmoil, the balkanization of intra-euro-zone lending will make the potential for a real crisis that much greater.
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Why it matters: The balkanization of the U.S. electricity market has long confused its own consumers, and the application of digital technologies in the energy and climate space is still pretty new.
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It's one thing to say that left and right disagree on simple facts about the world — this sort of informational Balkanization has been going on for a while and long predates Twitter.
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A senior official in Interpol decried the U.S. federal ban on Kaspersky tools as dangerous "balkanization," language that Kaspersky boss Eugene Kaspersky picked up on in his statement announcing the transparency initiative.
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I do not wish to do anything to further encourage the balkanization of the internet, but I feel that the decision taken in Europe leaves me with no choice but to take definitive action.
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He cautioned lawmakers about the dangers of a "quick fix" legislative solution that might give US law enforcement easy access to data, a move that would upset other governments and could lead to the balkanization of the internet.
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It's an audacious vision but, given the balkanization of the industry in recent years, it remains the best hope that travelers have of delivering on the vision of using their favorite ride-hailing app anywhere in the world.
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He believes that eroding French state secularism, known as laïcité, would lead to a "Balkanization of Europe along religious and ethnic lines," with a Muslim voting bloc, Muslim schools and a hardening of quasi-separatist communities of various religions.
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"The question has to do with how do we harness this technology in a way that allows a multiplicity of voices, allows a diversity of views, but doesn't lead to a Balkanization of society and allows ways of finding common ground," he added.
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"The question has to do with how do we harness this technology in a way that allows a multiplicity of voices, allows a diversity of views, but doesn't lead to a Balkanization of society and allows ways of finding common ground," he continued.
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And as countries on the "other" side of the New Cold War (like Russia) further cut off their internet from the rest of the world's, we're likely to see a balkanization of the tech community that hasn't existed since the days of the Soviet Union.
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"I think the question I have when it comes to the media is how do we create a space where truth gets eyeballs and is entertaining," Obama said, adding that he's concerned about the "Balkanization" of the media that could allow misinformation to spread.
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The public is on the right side of history; it's unfortunate that the Supreme Court has refused to join us today, but we will continue to invite them to do the right thing and end this hurtful balkanization of the right of LGBT people to be out at work.
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"The question I think really has to do with how do we harness this technology in a way that allows a multiplicity of voices, allows a diversity of views, but doesn't lead to a balkanization of our society, but rather continues to promote ways of finding common ground," Obama said.
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However the law is executed, it could further contribute to what Eugene Kaspersky — CEO of the eponymous security company that has been censured in the U.S. for its alleged Kremlin ties — calls the "Balkanization of the internet, " and what Google's Eric Schmidt said is a trend toward an internet split between hostile countries, creating separate internets based on geopolitics.
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Among the implications for more deterioration in the global picture that Shearing cites are the "disintegration of the rules-based system" that has governed international commerce since the end of the World War II, and a potential "Balkanization" of the world economy as the U.S. and China develop their own standards, tech platforms and payment systems.
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"The question has to do with how do we harness this technology in a way that allows a multiplicity of voices, allows a diversity of views, but doesn't lead to a Balkanization of society and allows ways of finding common ground," he said in the interview, which was taped in September during the Invictus Games in Toronto, Canada.
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In a wide-ranging conversation, Mr. Maher brought up many of his favorite topics — marijuana legalization; tolerance for atheists — but pressed Mr. Obama on the balkanization of the news media and the growing challenges of informing the electorate, and asked why America continues to have such a large worldwide troop presence and a seemingly ravenous defense budget.
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But if we encourage the balkanization of these fields in the misguided belief that the humanities should be structured and evaluated on the model of the sciences, or in the misguided belief that only certain scholars have the authority to investigate them, then we've taken away their greatest insight: All human experience is relevant to the greater story of humanity.
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The net result is a network overrun by an infectious meme, dutifully placed there by an advertiser, and spread by the ads and News Feed machinery.) We've all contributed to this political balkanization by self-sorting (or being sorted by Facebook) into online tribes that get morphed into filter bubbles, which are then studiously colonized by commercial memes planted and spread there by a combination of Custom and Lookalike Audiences.
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This was the decade when algorithms meant to cater to our tastes succeeded mainly in narrowing those tastes; when the creation of online communities led to our Balkanization into online tribes and the dissemination of disinformation and hate; when digital connection deepened our personal isolation, vulnerability and suggestibility; and when the ubiquity of portable screens with infinite data meant there was always something more interesting to do than interact with the person before us.
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Representatives Ted Lieu (D-Calif.), Blake FarentholdRandolph (Blake) Blake FarentholdMembers spar over sexual harassment training deadline Female Dems see double standard in Klobuchar accusations Lawmaker seeks to ban ex-members from lobbying until sexual harassment settlements repaid MORE (R-Texas), Suzan DelBeneSuzan Kay DelBeneDemocrats worry diversity furor could spill into 2020 election House Democrats inch toward majority support for impeachment Wave of Washington state lawmakers call for impeachment proceedings against Trump MORE (D-Wash.), and Mike Bishop (R-Mich.) deserve credit for trying to prevent the balkanization of American encryption policy through their bill.
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And then because of the real decimation of the newsroom across the country, both at the national level but especially at the local level, and all of the data that is available to be seen is pretty disturbing, and the Balkanization of news, and the polarization of news, and the lack of ability for people to actually find relevant local news, all is coming together with these converging forces that are, I think, putting our democracy at risk, putting our ability to converse with each other at risk, putting our ability to understand each other at risk.
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The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500-1500 - By Ion Grumeza Google Books.
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Increased protectionism and attempts to regulate and localize the internet by national governments also raised fears of cyber-balkanization in the later half of the decade.
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The article by Thompson assumes that the Maya were ultimately "peaceful" people since they lacked apparent defenses. He again stresses the widespread abandonment of ceremonial centers. He refers to the decline in arts and architecture as "Balkanization," a period which he views as experiencing political disintegration.
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Following the late 1971 arrest of General Ion Șerb on charges of spying for the Soviet Union, Patilineț was removed from supervision of defense and security affairs.Robin Alison Remington, "Balkanization of the Military: Party, Army and Peoples’ Militias in Southeastern Europe", in Balkanistica, vol. 5/1979, p.
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In 2007 the website went through Balkanization, a process, according to the website creators, opposite to globalization. Registration became open to the public but soon after became selective due to the high number of people who were willing to register. Dirty became popular through Photoshop-festivals. Users organized spontaneous and preplanned posts with photoshopped images.
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The book also describes the work of Bernard Lewis and his model of Islamic Balkanization, where the CIA secretly supported Islamic movements within the Soviet Union to utilize them as Anti-Communist insurgents in the event of war. The consequence of this CIA program is the present-day Islamic Chechen separatist conflict that the Russians are fighting.
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In the early 19th century, the Spanish American wars of independence resulted in the secession and subsequent balkanization of most Spanish territories in the Americas, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, which were finally lost to The United States in 1898, following the Spanish–American War. The loss of these territories ended Spanish rule in the Americas.
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Cavaleri, pp. 11-13. This view, disdainful of the neighbour countries, was crafted in the 1880s decade, influenced by the Argentine territorial expansion caused by the Conquest of the desert and by the Great European immigration wave to Argentina.Cavaleri, p. 14. According to Quesada, Juan Manuel de Rosas and Bartolomé Mitre would have led policies attempting to revert the balkanization, at least partially.
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The definition of the Balkan Peninsula's natural borders do not coincide with the technical definition of a peninsula and hence modern geographers reject the idea of a Balkan peninsula, while scholars usually discuss the Balkans as a region. The term has acquired a stigmatized and pejorative meaning related to the process of Balkanization, and hence the preferred alternative term used for the region is Southeast Europe.
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I look forward to what this band can do down the road. Hopefully the acquire a new vocalist soon so we can find out." The writer of Encyclopedia Metallum stated:"Besieged debute [sic] Atlantis is overall an average album that unfortunately could have been much better. Best songs Balkanization, A Cold Winter Kiss, Moustache Pete, They Shake The Earth, and the first five minutes of Atlantis.
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Modern Argentina was once part of a Spanish viceroyalty, the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, whose administrative capital was Buenos Aires. The Argentine War of Independence broke the ties to Spain, but started as well a process of balkanization, as the administrative dependencies of the viceroyalty had weak links with each other and support to Spanish Monarchy was still strong in Upper Peru, Salta and scattered areas elsewhere. Once the wars of independence and the civil wars ended, the viceroyalty was replaced by four countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Revisionist historian Vicente Quesada began the territorial nationalism in Argentina, envisioning the territory of the Viceroyalty as a sort of "Great Argentina", the national limits the country should have had, which fell into Balkanization by a mixture of foreign interventions by Britain and Brazil, the apathy of the Unitarian Party, and poor Argentine diplomacy.
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Eichberg launched the concepts of "liberation nationalism" (→Types of nationalism) and "ethno-pluralism", opposing Western and European eurocentrism. Entering into discussions with the New Left, he commented: "National is revolutionary" and "Who does not want to talk about the peoples, should silence about the human being". Eichberg's contributions about national identity and the "Balkanization of everyone" were now published by periodicals from socialist, anti-authoritarian, and anarchist milieus.
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After consulting his astrologers, the thirty-year-old sultan resolved to personally lead the punitive expedition. His personal Janissary guard was larger than the entire army of Vlad III. Moreover, it was time for the sultan to show his recognition of his beloved Radu the Handsome, his loyal companion who was now ready to replace his bloodthirsty brother on the throne of Wallachia.The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500–1500.
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It also was considering having to make massive city layoffs which would have adversely affected its ability to provide services to the upper classes it was trying to retain. First-term mayor Nicholas C. Wasicsko fought to save the city from financial disaster and bring about unity. Yonkers's youngest mayor (elected at age 28), Wasicsko struggled in city politics. It was scarred with the stigma of the "Balkanization of Yonkers".
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Mukherjee was strongly opposed to Article 370, seeing it as a threat to national unity. He fought against it inside and outside the parliament with one of the goals of Bharatiya Jana Sangh being its abrogation. He raised his voice strongly against the provision in his Lok Sabha speech on 26 June 1952. He termed the arrangements under the article as Balkanization of India and the three-nation theory of Sheikh Abdullah.
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The term acquired political nationalistic connotations far from its initial geographic meaning, arising from political changes from the late 19th century to the creation of post–World War I Yugoslavia (initially the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918). After the dissolution of Yugoslavia beginning in June 1991, the term "Balkans" acquired a negative political meaning, especially in Croatia and Slovenia, as well in worldwide casual usage for war conflicts and fragmentation of territory (see Balkanization).
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Taki's sudden death worsened the crisis, which Colonel Azali Assoumani was unable to mitigate. Kemal was a strong critic of constitutional solutions that would lead to the Balkanization of the Comoros. He proposed the formation of a constituent assembly and changes to the 1978 constitution, allowing the islands to gain more autonomy. In 2004, Kemal was elected to the Assembly of the Union of the Comoros, representing the Constituency of Bambao with 64% of the vote.
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Some groups held the idea of "Syrian Balkanization" ("division of the country") in which they promoted federalizing Syria on ethnic and religious- sectarian lines. Obama used the "red line" on August 20, 2012, in relation to chemical weapons. On the one-year anniversary of Obama's red line speech, the Ghouta chemical attacks occurred. John McCain said the red line was "apparently written in disappearing ink," due to the perception the red line had been crossed with no action.
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The Indian government appeared anxious to avoid what it termed a "Balkanization" of the new country and was determined to integrate Hyderabad into the newly formed Indian Union. Amidst the unrest the Indian government launched a military operation named Operation Polo which it termed a "police action". The operation itself took five days, in which the Razakars were defeated and Hyderabad was annexed.Kate, P. V., Marathwada Under the Nizams, 1724–1948, Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1987, p.
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According to him, the civilians killed in NDFB attacks were either collateral damage, or those involved in anti-NDFB activities. In a 2013 interview, Songbijit stated that he would agree to talks, if the government agrees to hold a referendum on Bodoland independence. According to him, corruption and diversity in religion, caste and community will ultimately lead to balkanization of India "into 600 pieces". In 2015, Songbijit was deposed as the NDFB President, following differences between him and other top leaders.
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Tshombe protested the "Balkanization" of the province, but cooperated and established his own provincial government in South Katanga by April. Godefroid Munongo also remained in the Katangese government, though he was removed from the interior ministry and made provincial minister of health. Prime Minister Adoula reshuffled his cabinet to include four CONAKAT members, including their floor leaders from both houses of Parliament. The central government also assumed control of Katanga's shares in UMHK, as well its holdings in 18 other companies, facilitating a financial rapprochement with Belgium.
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NYC (Normal Architecture Office), a collaborative studio for design of architecture, cities and exhibitions and a successor of Normal Group for Architecture based in New York City. He also co-founded SMS (School of Missing Studies), international art & architecture group for studying cities marked or undergoing abrupt transition. His writing using epistemology as method started with articles for Akcelerator magazine, then as thesis for Harvard Project on the City. Finally he defended his long time research on Balkanization at Goldsmiths College Centre for Research Architecture.
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Some conservative academics and intellectuals argue that African-American literature exists as a separate topic only because of the balkanization of literature over the last few decades, or as an extension of the culture wars into the field of literature.Richard H. Brodhead, "On the Debate Over Multiculturalism" , On Common Ground , no. 7 (Fall 1996), (accessed July 6, 2005). According to these critics, literature is splitting into distinct and separate groupings because of the rise of identity politics in the United States and other parts of the world.
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It would be a big blow to Turkey as the inability to stop terrorism in the country could end with balkanization of the region. After the Turkish government's decision on the undeclared war with Syria, the military received orders to develop military operational plans, including the worst scenario (regional war: Turkey against Syria, Iran and maybe Greece (1995 military agreement on airbases) and Russia). To counteract a regional war, military agreements with Israel were signed on February 24 and August 26, 1996. These agreements followed with intelligence cooperation in February 1997.
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While African-American literature is well accepted in the United States, there are numerous views on its significance, traditions, and theories. To the genre's supporters, African- American literature arose out of the experience of Blacks in the United States, especially with regards to historic racism and discrimination, and is an attempt to refute the dominant culture's literature and power. In addition, supporters see the literature existing both within and outside American literature and as helping to revitalize the country's writing. To critics , African-American literature is part of a Balkanization of American literature.
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Obama's speech was criticized for being deliberately vague and not going far enough to protect civil liberties. Representatives for Google, Facebook and Yahoo stated that Obama's proposed reforms represented positive progress, but that they did not ultimately do enough to protect privacy rights. A representative for Mozilla noted that mass surveillance had damaged the open Internet and caused balkanization and distrust. Sen. Rand Paul criticized the remarks, saying: Dianne Feinstein, a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, stated that all but two or three of the members of her committee support Obama.
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More recent books have focused on a wider range of identity issues including Native American representations in sports (in his 2018 book with Jason Edward Black, Mascot Nation ) and the role of media in gay athlete coming out stories (in his 2018 book with Leigh Moscowitz, Media and the Coming Out of Gay Male Athletes in American Team Sports). His most recent book with William Benoit, The Rise and Fall of Mass Communication, tackles sports along with all other forms of news and entertainment to advance axioms of media balkanization theory.
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He attributed the root cause of the violence to the balkanization of organized crime groups in Jalisco and the nearby regions. His remarks, however, drew criticism after the media considered that the government was being dismissive of the severity of the attacks. Jalisco Governor Jorge Aristóteles Sandoval Díaz in a press conference On 8 May, suspected members of the CJNG put up a banner near a Los Niños Héroes monument in Autlán threatening federal forces stationed there. They gave an ultimatum saying that the forces had one month to leave the town before they would take action.
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On the other hand, Europe's geography favored balkanization into smaller, closer, nation-states, as its many natural barriers (mountains, rivers) provide defensible borders. As a result, governments that suppressed economic and technological progress soon corrected their mistakes or were out-competed relatively quickly. He argues that these factors created the conditions for more rapid internal superpower change (Spain succeeded by France and then by the United Kingdom) than was possible elsewhere in Eurasia. Fernand Braudel of the Annales school of historians argued that the Mediterranean was due to its depth poor for fishing, therefore encouraging long-distance trade.
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In 1344, Louis I of Hungary, who would rule from 1342–1382 and earn the epithet "the Great", invaded Wallachia and Moldavia and established a system of vassalage.Ion Grumeza: The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500-1500, University Press of America, 2010 Louis and his 80,000 strong army repelled the Serbian Dušan's armies in the duchies of Mačva and principality of Travunia in 1349. When Emperor Dušan broke into Bosnian territory he was defeated by Bosnian Stjepan II with the assistance of Louis' troops, and when Dušan made a second attempt he defeated Louis in 1354 , capturing Mačva and Belgrade. The two monarchs signed a peace agreement in 1355.
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In the words of a modern writer, the Maharal "prevented the Balkanization of Jewish thought".Yitzchok Adlerstein 2000, citing Rabbi Nachman Bulman His works inspired the Polish branch of Hasidism, as well as a more recent wave of Torah scholars originating from Lithuania and Latvia, most markedly Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler (1892–1953) as well as Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook (1864–1935). A more recent authority who had roots in both traditions was Rabbi Isaac Hutner (1906–1980). Rabbi Hutner succinctly defined the ethos of the Maharal's teachings as being Nistar BeLashon Nigleh, meaning (in Hebrew): "The Hidden in the language of the Revealed".
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Internet panel: "Balkanization" looms, ars technica (Oct. 12, 2006) Because no single policy can govern all systems or information needs, methods of reconciling differences between systems and then enforcing and monitoring agreed policies are necessary in order to share useful information and keep systems interconnected. Current static methods based on all-or-nothing access control are insufficient to meet variable information production and consumption needs, particularly when there are potentially competing policies (for example, the conflict between disclosure and privacy laws) that are contextually dependent. Access control mechanisms that simply control who has access between systems result in stove-piped information silos, "walled gardens", and increased network fragmentation.
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On October 18, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI reassigned Tobin from his Curia post to head the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis, a Catholic community of 246,000. He was installed on December 3, 2012. His reassignment had been rumored since Tobin had made known his unhappiness with Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's highly critical report on the LCWR in the United States in April 2012. In June 2014, Tobin warned that ideological polarization of American political life "helps to contribute to the balkanization of American Catholics into so- called right wing and left wing, or progressive and traditionalist, factions, who point fingers at each other".
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Engdahl began writing about oil politics with the first oil shock in the early 1970s. He has also been a long-time associate of the LaRouche movement and served as an economics editor for LaRouche's Executive Intelligence Review. His first book, entitled A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order, discusses the alleged roles of Zbigniew Brzezinski and George Ball and of the USA in the 1979 overthrow of the Shah of Iran, which was meant to manipulate oil prices and to stop Soviet expansion. Engdahl claims that Brzezinski and Ball used the Islamic Balkanization model proposed by Bernard Lewis.
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The exhibit lacked a trace of Indians' evolution from centuries of life on this land, and gave little information as to the history of their survival. He concludes, "The museum feels like a trade show in which each group of Indians gets space to sell its founding myth and favorite anecdotes of survival. Each room is a sales booth of its own, separate, out of context, gathered in a museum that adds to the balkanization of a society that seems ever more ashamed of the unity and purpose that sustained it over two centuries".The National Museum of the American Indian: Critical Conversations, University of Nebraska Press, 2008, p.
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Turkey is strongly hostile towards the idea of federalization in Syria because it fears possible repercussions for its own highly centralized state. Due to the fact that federalization would more or less follow ethnic and possibly also religious-sectarian lines, it has been dismissed as "division of the country" and "Balkanization" by its opponents. Mainstream institutions of the Syrian opposition based in Turkey or Qatar like the Syrian National Council and the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces have consistently rejected the idea of federalization, while Kurds in Syria have strongly promoted the idea. The Egypt-based opposition party Syria's Tomorrow Movement takes an intermediate position.
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In particular, Turkey is strongly hostile towards the idea of a federalization of Syria because it fears possible repercussions for its own highly centralized state. Due to the fact that federalization would more or less follow ethnic and possibly also religious-sectarian lines, it has been dismissed as "division of the country" and "Balkanization" by its opponents. Mainstream institutions of the Syrian opposition based in Turkey or Qatar like the Syrian National Council and the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces have consistently rejected the idea of federalization, while in particular Kurds in Syria have promoted the idea. The Egypt-based opposition party Syria's Tomorrow Movement takes an intermediate position.
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One major exception was that of Hyderabad, where the Nizam, a Muslim ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population, chose independence and hoped to maintain this with an irregular army recruited from the Muslim aristocracy, known as the Razakars. The Nizam was also beset by the Telangana uprising, which he was unable to subjugate. The Indian government, anxious to avoid what it termed a Balkanization of what had been the Indian Empire, was determined on the integration of Hyderabad State into the new Indian Union. Amidst atrocities by the Razakars, the Indian Home Minister Sardar Patel decided to annex HyderabadKate, P. V., Marathwada Under the Nizams, 1724–1948, Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1987, p.
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A prominent criticism in the US, later echoed in Europe, Canada and Australia, was that multiculturalism undermined national unity, hindered social integration and cultural assimilation, and led to the fragmentation of society into several ethnic factions (Balkanization). In 1991, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., a former advisor to the Kennedy and other US administrations and Pulitzer Prize winner, published a book critical of multiculturalism with the title The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society. In his 1991 work, Illiberal Education, Dinesh D'Souza argues that the entrenchment of multiculturalism in American universities undermined the universalist values that liberal education once attempted to foster. In particular, he was disturbed by the growth of ethnic studies programs (e.g.
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Monsignor Joze Srebnic, Bishop of Veglia (Krk island), reported to Pope Pius XII that "witnesses, who took part in the burials, state unequivocally that the number of the dead totals at least 3,500". With the Chetniks, however, Roatta was free to create his own policy and collaboration between the two was "greatly advanced and systematized" under his supervision and carried out by all Italian commanders in the Italian annexed or occupied areas of Yugoslavia. On 1 March 1942, Roatta issued the Circular 3C which was distributed to ranks up to battalion command in areas occupied and annexed by the Italians. It was a "manifesto for repression in the Yugoslav territories" that urged mass internment and a scorched earth strategy in order for "de-Balkanization" and "ethnic clearance".
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In recent times—especially beginning in the 1960s—some forms of majoritarianism have been countered by liberal reformers in many countries: in the 1963 case Abington School District v. Schempp, the United States Supreme Court declared that school-led prayer in the nation's public schools was unconstitutional, and since then many localities have sought to limit, or even prohibit, religious displays on public property. The movement toward greater consideration for the rights of minorities within a society is often referred to as pluralism. This has provoked a backlash from some advocates of majoritarianism, who lament the Balkanization of society they claim has resulted from the gains made by the multicultural agenda; these concerns were articulated in a 1972 book, The Dispossessed Majority, written by Wilmot Robertson.
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The European diseases – the germs of the book's title – decimated indigenous populations so that relatively small numbers of Europeans could maintain their dominance. Diamond also proposes geographical explanations for why western European societies, rather than other Eurasian powers such as China, have been the dominant colonizers, claiming Europe's geography favored balkanization into smaller, closer nation-states, bordered by natural barriers of mountains, rivers, and coastline. Threats posed by immediate neighbors ensured governments that suppressed economic and technological progress soon corrected their mistakes or were out-competed relatively quickly, whilst the region's leading powers changed over time. Other advanced cultures developed in areas whose geography was conducive to large, monolithic, isolated empires, without competitors that might have forced the nation to reverse mistaken policies such as China banning the building of ocean-going ships.
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Application of the dormant commerce clause to state taxation is another manifestation of the Court's holdings that the Commerce Clause prevents a State from retreating into economic isolation or jeopardizing the welfare of the Nation as a whole, as it would do if it were free to place burdens on the flow of commerce across its borders that commerce wholly within those borders would not bear. The Court's taxation decisions thus "reflected a central concern of the Framers that was an immediate reason for calling the Constitutional Convention: the conviction that in order to succeed, the new Union would have to avoid the tendencies toward economic Balkanization that had plagued relations among the Colonies and later among the States under the Articles of Confederation." Wardair Canada, Inc. v. Florida Dept.
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He participated actively in the drafting and adoption of the framework of the Defferre Loi Cadre, a French legal reform which, in addition to granting autonomy to African colonies, would break the ties that bound the different territories together, giving them more autonomy by means of local assemblies.Nandjui, p. 83. The Deffere Loi Cadre was far from unanimously accepted by Houphouët-Boigny's compatriots in Africa: Léopold Sédar Senghor, leader of Senegal, was the first to speak out against this attempted "Balkanization" of Africa, arguing that the colonial territories "do not correspond to any reality: be it geographical, economic, ethnic, or linguistic". Senghor argued that maintaining the AOF would give the territories stronger political credibility and would allow them to develop harmoniously as well as emerge as a genuine people.
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His book, Postemotional Society, attempts to extend David Riesman's concept of other-directedness in The Lonely Crowd and apply it to contemporary social life, particularly the idea of fake sincerity. Genocide after Emotion (1996) is an anthology edited by him. It attempts to resolve the contrasts of social upheaval and warfare, confusions of histories and manipulations of reality by introducing a theoretical construct he calls 'postemotionalism', which he considers to be a more appropriate term than postmodernism to 'capture the fission, Balkanization, ethnic violence and other highly-emotional phenomena of the late 1990s'. The anthology contains a wide variety of interpretations and responses to the breakup of Yugoslavia, including a historical outline and analysis of the conflict through the Austro—Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, responses and representations by the American media, and psychoanalytical interpretations of Serb—Croat 'otherness'.
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The Macedonian Center for International Cooperation (MCIC) is a civil society organisation that promotes social change and innovative solutions to civic and social challenges. Instituted on 14 December 1993 in Skopje, the Republic of Macedonia, with support from the Dutch Interchurch Aid (DIA) and the World Council of Churches (WCC), MCIC was developed in response to social issues arising from the balkanization of Yugoslavia. MCIC has since developed as an independent, civic, non-profit organisation ready to face social challenges and create models or alternatives for resolving related problems. Since its establishment, MCIC has implemented more than 1,300 projects as part of 60 programs, amounting to over 45 million euros, in the following sectors: water supply and sanitation, rural development, health and education, employment and civil society, democratization, trust, immediate aid and activity in the Balkans.
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It was the first time he entered the cabinet. Afterwards, and during that period, the party stood firmly against the military intervention in politics and strongly opposed the Cairo Agreement reached on November 3, 1969, thus rejecting the establishment of a State within a State as this agreement allowed for the launching of the Palestinian armed struggle in southern Lebanon in order to wage operations against Israel without an absolute Arab contribution or participation, knowing that its support for the just Palestinian cause in the land of Palestine remained unabated even before the establishment of the Zionist entity, as well as its support for their right to regain their land through all means, except for the ones that compromise Lebanon's sovereignty. Leader Raymond Eddé warned against the “Cyprusization” of Lebanon, i.e. dividing it as it was the case in Cyprus and against its “Balkanization”, i.e.
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The Battle of San Lorenzo in 1813 Major cities and regional rivalry played an important role in the wars. The disappearance of a central, imperial authority—and in some cases of even a local, viceregal authority (as in the cases of New Granada and Río de la Plata)—initiated a prolonged period of balkanization in many regions of Spanish America. It was not clear which political units should replace the empire, and there were no new national identities to replace the traditional sense of being Spaniards. The original juntas of 1810 appealed first to a sense of being Spanish, which was counterposed to the French threat; second, to a general American identity, which was counterposed to the Peninsula lost to the French; and third, to a sense of belonging to the major cities or local province, the patria in Spanish.Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, 121, 131–132.
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Regional rivalry also played an important role in the internecine wars that broke out in Spanish America as a result of the juntas. The disappearance of a central, imperial authority—and in some cases of even a local, viceregal authority (as in the cases of New Granada and Río de la Plata)—initiated a prolonged period of balkanization in many regions of Spanish America. It was not clear which political units which should replace the empire, and there were no new national identities to replace the traditional sense of being Spaniards. The original juntas of 1810 appealed first, to sense of being Spanish, which was juxtaposed against the French threat; second, to a general American identity, which was juxtaposed against the Peninsula which was lost to the French; and third, to a sense of belonging to the local province, the patria in Spanish.Lynch, Spanish American Revolutions, 121, 131–132.
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Over the summer of 1977, the Justice Department enlisted the aid of Eastland as part of its effort to thwart "balkanization" of litigation authority, Eastland and Attorney General Griffin Bell moving to block six measures that if enacted would have permitted the independent agencies to go to court under certain circumstances in the event the Justice Department did not act on a case 45 days after it was referred to the department. By August 1977, the Carter administration reached a compromise plan to stem the flow of illegal aliens into the United States, Eastland, Attorney General Bell, and United States Secretary of Labor F. Ray Marshall agreeing to civil penalties up to $1,000 for offending employers. By September 1977, the seventy-three-year-old Eastland was considered for retirement, with discussions of Ted Kennedy assuming his position as Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. In October 1977, Eastland was one of several influential Senators invited to meet with President Carter as the latter tried gaining support in the Senate for the Panama Canal treaties.
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The emerging global information society consists of many heterogeneous but interconnected systems that are governed or managed according to different policies, rules, or principles that meet local information management needs. For example, systems may be subject to different international, national or other political subdivision information disclosure or privacy laws; or different information management or security policies among or between government agencies, government and private sector information systems, or producers and consumers of proprietary information or intellectual property, etc. This interconnected network of systems (for which the Internet as we currently know it serves as the transport layer) increasingly requires dynamic agreement (negotiation) and technical mediation as to which policies will govern information as it flows between or among systems (that is, what use policies will govern what information goes where, under what constraints, and who has access to it for what purposes, etc.). The alternative to developing these mediating mechanisms to provide automated policy negotiation and enforcement across interconnection between disparate systems is the increased "balkanization" or fragmentation of the Internet.
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The military discipline of the Army of the Andes was compromised, but San Martín was reluctant to take drastic action against his officers. The authority of San Martín and Bolívar, and the local rivalry of their respective countries Peru and Colombia, limited their options for joint work: Colombians would not have liked Bolívar to give many of his forces to San Martín, whilst Peruvians would not have liked their Protector to be second in command to Bolívar, and a joint command would complicate the maintenance of military discipline. Unlike Bolívar, backed up by the Colombian government, San Martín did not have more resources than those he already had: Buenos Aires denied him any support, the other Argentine governors (such as Juan Bautista Bustos) supported him but did not have resources to provide, O'Higgins was about to be deposed in Chile, and Cochrane took the navy and left him without naval power. Finally, he felt that only a very strong authority would be able to prevent balkanization, but refused to rule as a dictator himself.
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