As clamor built to save the tree, the garden retained an arboricultural consultant, James R. Clark, co-author of one of the tree trade's standard textbooks.
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Illustrating this story's underlying issues are pictures, providing further insight into the rural environment and arboricultural lifestyle that these demonstrations—and the occupation of a government building—have been catalyst to.
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The Arboricultural Association is the largest body in the UK for the amenity tree care professional (arboriculturalists).
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The site is currently maintained and managed by Wandsworth Council in conjunction with Enable Leisure and Culture and their amenity and arboricultural maintenance contractors.
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The Royal Forestry Society was established in 1882 in Northumberland, England. Originally known as the English Arboricultural Society, the organisation was founded by forester Henry Clark and nurseryman John W Robson, both from Hexham. The Society's first President was John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham. In 1905 it was granted a Royal Charter by King Edward VII and was renamed the Royal English Arboricultural Society.
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The European Arboricultural Council (EAC) based in Bad Honnef, Germany is a forum where delegates from a wide range of arboricultural organizations throughout Europe meet. The goal of the EAC is to elevate the status and to raise the professional level of competence within arboriculture. This objective is carried out by liaising on matters ranging from research and education to successful tree establishment and the improvement of safe working practices.
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Robert Hutchison of Carlowrie FRSE (1834-25 February1894) was a Scottish landowner, landscape photographer and arboriculturalist. He was President of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society 1864 to 1871.
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The Creation of the Longest Avenue in The World , Arboricultural Journal: The International Journal of Urban Forestry, 2013.The Longest Avenue , The Horticulturalist: The Journal of the Institute of Horticulture, 2013.
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The AA was founded in 1964 as a scientific and educational organisation, keen to promote the care and value of trees in no forest settings. The passion for trees shown by the founders at that time continues to exist in the Board and members today. Following initial discussions between Keith Ross, Don Wells and other interested parties, the Arboricultural Association was formed, and in the same year the Association of British Tree Surgeons and Arborists (ABTSA) was also formed. In May 1965 Issue 1 of Volume 1 of The Arboricultural Association Journal was published.
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Logo of NZ Arb The New Zealand Arboricultural Association (NZ Arb) is a national, non-profit organisation for arboriculture within New Zealand. NZ Arb was formed in 1989 in response to a growing demand for a national body to represent professional and non-professional people in the arboricultural industry in New Zealand. Its mission statement: "Through research, technology, and education promote the professional practice of arboriculture and foster a greater public awareness of the benefits of trees." NZ Arb has over 200 members - consisting of individuals, organisations and interested bodies.
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The Association manages an Approved Contractor Scheme (ACS). It is also in the process of organising an Arboricultural Consultants Group (ACG). The goal of NZ Arb is to encourage, foster, improve and educate in all aspects of arboriculture throughout New Zealand.
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Sir William Somerville KBE FRSE LLD (1860-1932) was a 19th/20th century Scottish agriculturalist. He is one of the few academics to have taught at both Cambridge University and Oxford University. He was twice President of the Arboricultural Society: 1900–1901 and 1922–1924.
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There is some reluctance to plant the tree in small gardens because it grows quite large, and some care is necessary because heavy branches growing at an unfavourable angle may split off and fall dangerously. This can however be forestalled and prevented by competent pruning and other arboricultural practices.
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Royal Landscape: The Gardens and Parks of Windsor (1997) Jane Roberts. Yale University Press, pxiThe Arboricultural Journal (2002) Arboricultural Association, p305 Green began working at the Knepp estate in Sussex in 1999. He was particularly concerned with the many ancient oaks on the site and over 20 years helped the owners nurture and restore the land, from the start of their wilding project. "The magical wilderness farm: raising cows among the weeds at Knepp", The Guardian, 15 June 2018Isabella Tree (2018) Wilding: The Return of Nature to a British Farm, Pan Macmillan As a silvicultural educator Green has appeared on the BBC and in many newspapers and journals, discussing the importance of tree welfare.
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Tallinn was the European City of the Trees in 2015 European City of the Trees is the title and award given by the European Arboricultural Council. The award is given annually to a town or city by the council in recognition of its care for trees in its urban area.
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There are various methods of shaping a tree. Some of these processes are still experimental, whereas others are still in the research stage. These methods use a variety of horticultural and arboricultural techniques to achieve an intended design. Chairs, tables, living spaces and art may be shaped from growing trees.
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Ellis was a prominent member of the Oberlin community for his entire life, serving as Chief of the Fire Department for several years. In 1861, Ellis became mayor of the town of Oberlin. He successfully petitioned for the construction of railroads through nearby Lorain. He founded the now-dormant Oberlin Arboricultural Association.
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Pizhou, Jiangsu has the longest dawn redwood avenue in the world. The avenue is approximately 60 km long with over one million trees.The Creation of the Longest Avenue in The World , Arboricultural Journal: The International Journal of Urban Forestry, 2013.The Longest Avenue , The Horticulturalist: The Journal of the Institute of Horticulture, 2013.
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Tree care is the application of arboricultural methods like pruning, trimming, and felling/thinning in built environments. Road verge, greenways, backyard and park woody vegetation are at the center of attention for the tree care industry. Landscape architecture and urban forestry also set high demands on professional tree care. High safety standards against the dangers of tree care have helped the industry evolve.
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There are over 3000 Arboricultural Association members and the professional body is recognised by local Government, the RHS and increasingly the general public as the focal point for best practice in arboriculture. It has a membership program linked to the Qualifications and Credit Framework. It is represented on a number of national bodies including the Tree Council. It is a registered charity, charity number 1083845.
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The Trust also works closely with The Friends of Northcliffe and the Dixon family whose woodland ownership surrounds Six Days Only. The Heaton Woods Trust is funded by charitable donations from the community, paid annual memberships (currently totalling over 160 members from the local community) and fundraising activities such as its annual Open Day and Arboricultural Day. In addition The Heaton Woods Trust receives grants from various sources.
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The Royal Scottish Forestry Society was founded in 1854 as the Scottish Arboricultural Society. In 1869, the society received the patronage of Queen Victoria and the "Royal" prefix was added in 1887. The name changed to the current one in 1930. In addition to advising the forestry industry, the RSFS manages its own woodland, Cashel Forest at Cashel, near Milarrochy Bay on the east shore of Loch Lomond.
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In the 19th century the school had a strong emphasis on horticulture, and all pupils were allocated plots in the extensive school grounds. Several curious rarities exist in the school grounds in arboricultural terms, including several sequoias. In the 19th century, Dollar pupils sat the Cambridge Examinations or the Indian Civil Service Examinations. John McNabb's coffin was discovered in the early 1930s in the crypt under Old Gravel Lane Meeting House in London.
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Current Forestation Activities: Carmel's Department of Forest and Beach is responsible for the maintenance of and improvements to the urban forest. The majority of their time is spent pruning, planting, watering, treating insects, and removing dead trees. The city's annual budget for tree-planting and maintenance is $458,000 including beach maintenance and all Forest and Beach Departmental services. This department, encompassing three employees, takes care of all the arboricultural needs of over 13,000 trees growing on public property.
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Arborsmith, Biography of Richard Reames In 1993, needing to look after his new family and wanting to work in an area he loved, Reames had an epiphany inspired by Axel Erlandson's Trees. He started Arborsmith Studios, his tree nursery and art studio. He bends living trees using the arborsculpture process developed by himself. He also uses the horticultural and arboricultural techniques of ring barking, approach grafting, pruning, and framing, in various combinations, to craft functional items and artworks.
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Dr. Alex Shigo (far right) explaining markings on an Oak section during one of his last symposia. Alex L. Shigo (May 8, 1930 – October 6, 2006) was a biologist, plant pathologist with the United States Forest Service whose studies of tree decay resulted in many improvements to standard arboricultural practices. He travelled and lectured widely to promote understanding of tree biology among arborists and foresters. His large body of primary research serves as a broad foundation for further research in tree biology.
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A short distance north of the village () stood the Newland Oak, which it is claimed had the largest circumference of any Common Oak (Quercus robur) ever recorded.Historical Information on Big Trees , www.treeregister.org, retrieved 9 May 2013 Measurements taken by the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society in 1898 record that the tree had a girth of ) at a height. By 1950 the tree had lost several large limbs, and the tree suffered a near fatal collapse during a snowstorm in May 1955.
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He returned to Britain in 1894 and continued as a maths teacher until 1900 when he joined the staff of the Scottish Meteorological Society as assistant to Dr Alexander Buchan. In 1905 he replaced Miss Jessie Buchan as Secretary to the Society and in 1907 he replaced Dr Buchan as Director of the Society. The Society was based at 122 George Street in Edinburgh.Transactions of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society 1918 In 1907 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
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In 2009 he was awarded the Associate of Honour by the RHS for his services to horticulture. Only 100 people to hold this award in the British Isles. Named one of the most influential Londoners in the Evening Standard's Progress 1000: London's most influential people 2016 In 2015 he was awarded Honorary Lifetime fellow of the Arboricultural Association recognising the significant and positive impact he has made to Arboriculture. William Aiton medal by Royal Botanic Garden's Kew in December 2016 for exceptional services to Kew.
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Early in his career, the first one-man chainsaws became available. These enabled him to prepare longitudinal sections of trees, which allowed him to study the longitudinal spread of decay organisms within them. A major discovery from this work was that trees have ways of walling off decaying tissues, which he named Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees (CODIT). This led to reassessment of arboricultural practices such as pruning techniques and cavity treatments, which showed that many then current practices (such as coating cuts with tar) actually promoted decay or were ineffective.
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In addition, it can be used as a wedding venue with the ceremony taking place in the private chapel, which can seat up to 100 guests. Overnight accommodation is available for the main guests at weddings. From 2006, the policies were listed on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland by Historic Scotland. It is assessed as outstanding in the work of art category and receives a high rating in the horticultural, arboricultural and silvicultural categories due to the Wellingtonia trees planted in the 19th century.
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The remains of the Headcorn Oak are near the south door of the parish church.R. Apps, "The Headcorn oak", Arboricultural Association Journal, 1965. It was extensively damaged by fire on 25 April 1989, but continued to produce new growth until July 1993. It has been claimed that the Headcorn Oak is up to 1200 years old. However, Ian Mitchell of the Forestry Commission, an expert on old oaks, compared his own measurements taken in 1967, with those made by Robert Furley FSA, in 1878 and estimated it to be only 500 years old.
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Higher Level Stewardship: Part B, Farm Environment Plan Features Manual, Second Edition, pp 121-124\. Natural England, October 2008, Veteran trees often have features of particularly high nature conservation value, such as dead limbs, hollows, rot-holes, water pools, seepages, woodpecker holes, splits, loose bark, limbs reaching the ground, and epiphytic plants and lichens. Few of these features are found on younger trees, and they provide habitats for very many species of animals and fungi, some of which are rare. Such features are sometimes removed or damaged by pruning or other arboricultural practices.
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The council's arboricultural office keeps the trees under a 3 yearly review and all major tree works are carried out by the council's tree specialists. The Bereavement Services department carries out a 5-year rolling programme of memorial testing to ensure that memorials are preserved as well as possible and are safe. Memorials in danger of collapse are laid down. The Friends of St Mary's Churchyards have been working with the city council to support efforts to maintain the grounds to maintain biodiversity and to improve the general environment.
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F. Nigel Hepper, in Arboricultural Journal: The International Journal of Urban Forestry, Volume 25, Issue 3, 2001 : THE CULTIVATION OF THE CEDAR OF LEBANON IN WESTERN EUROPEAN PARKS AND GARDENS FROM THE 17TH TO THE 19TH CENTURY. Coincidentally, the seemingly unrelated and earlier Rev. Edward Pococke (1604–1691), another orientalist, was sometime vicar of Chieveley, and then rector of Childrey both nearby in Berkshire, was an even earlier importer of the cedar.Nigel Hepper in the abstract to his 2001 article (ibid): 'The earliest extant cedar in England is Edward Pocock's at Childrey.
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Tree fork morphology has been shown to alter with the angle of inclination of the fork from the vertical axis.Buckley, G. Slater, D. and Ennos, A. R. (2015) Angle of inclination affects the morphology and strength of bifurcations in hazel (Corylus avellana L.), Arboricultural Journal 37 (2) 99-112 As the fork becomes more tilted from the vertical, the branches become more elliptical in cross-section, to adapt to the additional lateral loading upon them, and Buckley, Slater and Ennos (2015) showed that this adaption resulted in stronger tree forks when the fork was more inclined away from the vertical.
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It contains stands of Eucalyptus and other trees from the original silviculture experiments in South Africa. In the 1990s a Gondwana Garden was created to display the plants typical of the Cape 100 million years ago. The Tokai Arboretum is a collection of trees of different sizes, established without a silvicultural or arboricultural plan (lack of open vistas, swards, shrubberies and beds of flowers to display the trees). Tokai Arboretum has stands of Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor), Scribbly Gum, Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata), Redwoods (Sequoioideae), Aleppo Pines (Pinus halepensis), Stone Pines (Pinus pinea) and many other tree species .
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Arboricultural considerations, working in from the drip line, the closer you get to the trunk the higher the risk of damaging or destabilizing the tree. About 50% of the distance from the drip line to the trunk is regarded as the closest you can cut without major risk to plants' health. If it is necessary to trench closer than halfway towards the trunk, it would be advisable to engage the services of an arborist to assess the tree prior to the work being carried out, and to help nurse the tree through the period of installation.
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The Bicycle Tree has been a tourist attraction since the late 1990s and has been described as "one of Scotland's greatest arboricultural curiosities". It was listed as one of the country's 130 "most remarkable trees" by the Forestry Commission in the 2006 book Heritage Trees of Scotland. The tree was assessed for a tree preservation order (TPO) by the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park Authority in 2007; this would have granted it legal protection from felling, pruning, or other damage, but it was decided against granting the order. The Bicycle Tree was surveyed during the Woodland Trust Ancient Tree Hunt of 2009 and the 2013 Trossachs Countryside Trust veteran tree survey.
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Cleghorn (extreme right) with Jerdon (second from left) in 1864 Cleghorn left India in 1869 but continued to be an adviser to the Secretary of State for India and played a role in the selection of candidates for the Indian Forest Service. A member of the Edinburgh Botanical Society since 1839, he was elected president of the Society in 1868–69 (succeeded by Walter Elliot). He was elected president of the Scottish Arboricultural Society in 1872, and subsequently played an instrumental role in the establishment of a lectureship in Forestry at the University of Edinburgh. Cleghorn also gave his opinions to the Select Committee of the House of Commons in 1885 on the topic of forestry education in Britain.
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The International Society of Arboriculture, commonly known as ISA, is an international non-profit organization headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Its mission statement is: "Through research, technology, and education, the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) promotes the professional practice of arboriculture and fosters a greater worldwide awareness of the benefits of trees." The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) serves the tree care industry as a membership association and a credentialing organization that promotes the professional practice of arboriculture. ISA focuses on research, technology, and education to advance best tree care practices and deliver educational publications, services, events, and credentials that provide opportunities for tree care professionals to develop their knowledge, skills, and arboricultural expertise.
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Pruning when there's a branch collar: The swollen area where the branch joins the trunk is known as the collar Pruning when there's a collarless union: The area where there is no swollen area where the branch joins the trunk is called a collarless union Pruning when it's a codominant stem For arboricultural purposes the unions of tree branches (i.e. where they join together) are placed in one of three types: collared, collarless or codominant. Regardless of the overall type of pruning being carried out, each type of union is cut in a particular way so that the branch has less chance of regrowth from the cut area and best chance of sealing over and compartmentalising decay. This is often referred to by arborists as "target cutting".
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In 1924, Harry George Younger presented the estates to the Forestry Commissioners. The Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society made a visit in July 1925, and described Puck's Glen as "a striking example of how man, working hand in hand with nature, has made what was once a bare hillside ravine into one of the most lovely walks imaginable." Starting near the sixth milestone from Dunoon on the old main road to Arrochar, the bridle-path "by the stream which the Ordnance Survey map calls the Eas Mor, but which is better known as Puck's Burn" was soon hemmed in by steep banks, "while growing on their slopes are conifers of a dozen or more varieties, rhododendrons, and many of the rarer species of ferns. The path follows the stream through the whole course of the ravine".
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Both were designed with the principle of keeping the archive storage and the public areas separate while maintaining a consistent architectural style, which was also the intention with The Keep. The provisions of BS 5454 (the British Standard consisting of "recommendations for the storage and exhibition of archival documents") and the wishes of The National Archives also influenced the design process. Other companies involved with the design and construction process included GTA Civils Ltd, who undertook transport and flood risk assessments; Lizard Landscape Design, who were involved with environmental analysis such as landscape assessments, ecological planning, arboricultural investigation and site photography; Ashdown Site Investigation Ltd, who carried out site contamination analysis; and Archaeology South East (part of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London), who undertook archaeological investigation at Woollards Field. The scheme budget was originally set at £23.6 million.
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The company currently has national contracts with, among others, Tesco, Network Rail Ground Control is now a multi-service business, offering grounds maintenance, vegetation management, arboricultural services, winter maintenance, landscape construction, landscape design, ecology and biodiversity, invasive weeds management, pest control, fencing, roofing, pothole repairs and electric vehicle charging installations. The company has won a number of awards in its 44-year history including the Queen's Award for Enterprise in Innovation, 27 BALI National Landscape Awards, health and safety related RoSPA Gold Award for eight years running, Essex Business of the Year in 2016, and is one of London Stock Exchanges '1000 Companies to Inspire Britain'. Ground Control more recently secured a place in the 'Top 1000 Companies to Inspire Europe' 2017. It has supported a number of charities in past including The Haiti Earthquake Disaster Relief, Cancer Research UK, Macmillan Cancer Support and Great Ormond Street Children's Charity. The company supported BBC's DIY SOS: Big Build Veteran’s Special last year, supplying labour to the project.
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Slater, D. and Ennos, A. R. (2015) The level of occlusion of included bark affects the strength of bifurcations in hazel (Corylus avellana L.) Journal of Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 41 (4): 194-207 Common tree care practices are to prune out such bark-included forks at an early stage of the tree's development, to brace the two arising branches above such a junction so that they can not split apart (using a flexible brace) or to reduce the length of the smaller arising branch, so that it is subordinated to the larger branch.Gilman E. F. (2012) Illustrated guide to pruning; third edition; Delmar publishers, Albany, NY. Care should be taken not to prune out 'natural braces' set above weak tree forks in mature trees unless that is absolutely necessary.Slater D.(2016) Assessment of Tree Forks; Arboricultural Association, Stroud, UK. An included bark junction formed in a wild cherry tree (Prunus avium) The strength of a normally-formed tree fork can be assessed by its shape and the presence and location of axillary wood: those that are more U-shaped are typically considerably stronger than those that are V-shaped at their apex.
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