Our last common ancestor, 600 million years ago, was a wormlike creature.
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A recently discovered, wormlike amphibian can officially call President Donald Trump its namesake.
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Or alligator snapping turtles, which have wormlike tongues to lure prey into their mouths.
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The N.S.A.'s wormlike tool was leaked online by the Shadow Brokers last month.
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The N.S.A.'s wormlike tool was leaked online by the Shadow Brokers last month.
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Because who doesn't love a wormlike piece of plastic or metal bopping down the stairs?
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In the frigid expanse of northern Greenland, paleontologists unearthed the fossilized remains of some behemoth, wormlike creature.
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On Tuesday, they chose the name demorphus donaldtrumpi — and even created an image of the wormlike creature wearing Trump's signature hair.
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There's also a gray forest mouse with impressively long whiskers, a wormlike amphibian and a burnt-orange salamander with tiny legs.
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"For some reason, I just felt drawn to spend hour upon hour working on this painting with intricate wormlike patterns," said Taylor.
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The two most common borers are a kind of shipworm called Teredo navalis, which is actually a wormlike clam, and tiny crustaceans known as gribbles.
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For years, scientists theorized because of the creature's wormlike body and other strange features that it may have been a segmented worm or a swimming slug.
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Pity the poor appendix, a 2- to 4-inch-long wormlike pouch dangling from the head of the cecum, where the large and small intestines meet.
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" The evening ended with "Tristan dying for love as upstage his own repulsive mummy is lowered into a vault caressed by white wormlike dismembered living arms.
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Together with Parker's work, these studies show there could be a motivation to hang on to our most wormlike appendages, and keep the microbial benefits they offer.
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Another security expert, Rohyt Belani, the chief executive of PhishMe, an email security company, said the wormlike capability of the malware was a significant shift from previous ransom attacks.
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In it, he tells the 500-million-year story of how a group of small, wormlike aquatic creatures evolved into every fish, bird, amphibian, reptile, and mammal alive today — including humans.
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Her voluptuous one-of-a-kind ceramics, which Céline commissioned for its Beverly Hills store, include massive planters that resemble upside-down heads and biomorphic, wormlike lamps glazed in rich neutrals.
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But recently in the journal Nature, an international team of scientists identified the animal, called Megachirella, as the earliest known ancestor of the squamates, the group containing lizards, snakes and wormlike amphisbaenians.
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CreditCreditNick Oza for The New York Times In early 2012, a neuropathologist named Daniel Perl was examining a slide of human brain tissue when he saw something odd and unfamiliar in the wormlike squiggles and folds.
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The new wormlike rover concept, dubbed the "amorphous surface robot," is an attempt to overcome some of the difficulties experienced by traditional rovers, which are large, heavy, and vulnerable to the harsh conditions of other planets.
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N.Y.C. Nature Red-backed salamanders are slender and distinctly wormlike — which is why their discovery by gardeners raking leaf litter or by children flipping logs can be startling when they skitter off on their four tiny legs.
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" Another security company, Palo Alto Networks, reported that Shamoon breaches used malware known as Disttrack, "a multipurpose tool that exhibits wormlike behavior by attempting to spread to other systems on a local network using stolen administrator credentials.
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Dr. Full said that the value of the research is that the cockroach structure and motion could work better than other, more wormlike designs for robots to explore sites where war or natural disaster has caused buildings to collapse.
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Here we come to the great mystery of "Hotel": more than once March has threatened Sally with his "Addiction Demon," the eyeless, wormlike monster with the drill-bit dildo we were so intimately introduced to in episode one, and saw hints of throughout the season.
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And rightfully so: Just looking at the texture of Trump's fuzzy blue robe, the tension in his jaw, the wormlike squiggles of his chest hair, it's only natural to envisage the piece hanging next to Kehinde Wiley's portrait of Barack Obama, or Amy Sherald's of Michelle.
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This is the smallest and least known squamate suborder. It contains the wormlike amphisbaenids. Florida has one species.
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Adults of D. undecimpunctata are greenish-yellow with six large black spots on each elytron. They are about long. The larvae are yellowish and wormlike.
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External ears are absent. The skull is elongate compared to other Trogonophidae. The body is wormlike: legless, elongate, cylindrical, and annulated. There are sunken lateral lines.
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In 2020, the oldest known fossil digestive tract, of an extinct wormlike organism in the Cloudinidae was discovered; it lived during the late Ediacaran period about 550 million years ago.
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Additional vertical segments on top of horizontal bars significantly decreased prey-catching responses. In general, movement of a rectangle in the direction of its long axis is perceived by the toad to be wormlike, whereas movement along the short axis is interpreted as anti-wormlike. By means of a different experimental setup it was shown that the worm vs. anti-worm discrimination is independent (invariant) of the direction the object moves in the toad's visual field.
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The merozoites become free by dropping off the parent trophozoite. Gamonts, gametocysts and oocysts are of the actinocephalid type with syzygy occurring just before gametocyst formation. The young gamonts are vermiform (wormlike). The gametocysts are mostly spherical.
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Each flower has four narrow, threadlike yellow or whitish petals each about a centimeter long and a millimeter wide. The fruit is a long, thin, wormlike silique which may be 10 centimeters in length. It contains tiny seeds.
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The female is wormlike and straight or spiral- shaped. The male is similar, but with a smaller anterior end. The body may take a spiral shape after death, if not in life. This habitus mortis gives the nematodes their common name.
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The hairy, nodding inflorescence produces flowers with yellow petals just a few millimeters in length. The petals have one or two red dots at their bases. The fruit is a straight or coiling, wormlike capsule up to 2.5 centimeters long.
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The larvae are legless, and have head capsules with mandibulate mouthparts in the Nematocera. The larvae of "higher flies" (Brachycera) are however headless and wormlike, and display only three instars. Pupae are obtect in the Nematocera, or coarcate in Brachycera.
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Letheobia lumbriciformis, also known as the Zanzibar gracile blind snake or wormlike beaked snake, is a species of snake in the Typhlopidae family. It is endemic to East Africa and is known from northeastern Tanzania (including Zanzibar) and from eastern Kenya.
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When adult, C. a. helenae is small and wormlike, rarely growing longer than in total length (including tail). It is plain dark brown on top and light pink on its underside. The scalation on the anterior dorsal surface of the head is distinctive.
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The island is hilly, but not mountainous, due to its narrowness and wormlike shape. The highest point is an unnamed hill of . The island is sometimes used as a stopover on the marine route from Nuussuaq to Tasiusaq, and further south to Upernavik.
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'' Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite, belonging to the tongueworm order Pentastomida. They are wormlike parasites of the respiratory systems of vertebrates. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. Cats, dogs, foxes, and other carnivores are normal hosts of this parasite.
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Whiting and related cod species are plagued by parasites. These include the cod worm (Lernaeocera branchialis), a copepod crustacean that clings to the gills or the fish and metamorphoses into a plump, sinusoidal, wormlike body, with a coiled mass of egg strings at the rear.
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Aculops fuchsiae is too small to be seen with the naked eye; female adult mites are between long and wide, with males slightly smaller. It is white or pale yellow in colour and has a wormlike or spindle-like body shape, with two anterior (front) pairs of legs.
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The blind swamp eel is an elongated, wormlike fish with no pigment, no scales and no visible eyes. It seems likely that it is derived from the marbled swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus) and became adapted for life underground. It grows to a standard length of and the bulbous head bears numerous sensory pores.
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Tractors are electrical tools used to push the toolstring into hole, overcoming wireline's disadvantage of being gravity dependent. These are used for in highly deviated and horizontal wells where gravity is insufficient, even with roller stem. They push against the side of the wellbore either through the use of wheels or through a wormlike motion.
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Ikaria wariootia is an early example of a wormlike, bilaterian organism. Its fossils are found in rocks in South Australia that are estimated to be about 555 million years old. That falls within the Ediacaran period, about 14 million years before the Cambrian, when the Cambrian explosion happened, with the bilaterians becoming very widespread.
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Teredo navalis has an elongated, reddish, wormlike body which is completely enclosed in a tunnel it has made in floating or submerged timber. At the front end of the animal are two triangular, calcareous plates. These are up to long and correspond to the valves of other bivalve molluscs. They are white, with a covering of pale brown periostracum, and have rough ridges.
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Climacostomum virens The body is somewhat flexible but non-contractile, roughly ovoid or harp- shaped, and flattened from back to front. It has a large posterior contractile vacuole, and a characteristic posterior indentation (more pronounced in underfed individuals). The posterior vacuole surrounds the cytoproct (anus), through which food waste is eliminated. The macronucleus of Climacostomum virens is normally long and wormlike (vermiform).
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Many animals with a wormlike cylindrical body have a hydrostatic skeleton with a flexible skin and a water-filled body cavity (coelom or pseudocoelom). They move by peristalsis, using opposed circular and longitudinal muscles, which act on the hydrostatic skeleton to change the body's shape. Hydrostatic skeletons are typically arranged in a cylinder. Hydrostatic skeletons can be controlled by several different muscle types.
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Lernaea (also incorrectly spelled Lernea) is a genus of copepod crustaceans commonly called anchor worms, parasitic on freshwater fishes. They mate during the last free-swimming (copepodid) stage of development. After mating, the female burrows into the flesh of a fish and transforms into an unsegmented, wormlike form, usually with a portion hanging from the fish's body.Fish Lice ( November 1, 2009). Encarta. MSN.
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The male has a wormlike body which is held in a C- or S-shape. This nematode is thought to be native to the Andes. Today it is found in 55 countries, mostly in temperate regions. The microscopic cysts are tough and can survive in soil particles, which are transported around the world on objects such as farming equipment and in flowing water.
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The top of the stem is occupied by a long inflorescence which is a dense raceme of many flowers. Each flower has narrow yellowish sepals which open to reveal four bright yellow petals each up to 2 centimeters long. The stamens protruding from the flower's center may approach 3 centimeters in length. The fruit is a curving, wormlike silique up to 8 centimeters long.
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Climacostomum virens, from Alfred Kahl, 1932 Climacostomum virens has a flexible but non-contractile body, long, roughly ovoid or harp- shaped, and flattened from back to front. It has a large posterior contractile vacuole, and a characteristic posterior indentation, or dimple, that is more pronounced in underfed individuals. The posterior vacuole surrounds the cytoproct (anus), through which food waste is eliminated. The macronucleus of Climacostomum virens is normally long and wormlike (vermiform).
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The story unfolds via the introduction video, explanations of new technologies, videos obtained for completing secret projects, interludes, and cut-scenes. The native life consists primarily of simple wormlike alien parasites and a type of red fungus that spreads rapidly via spores.Shah (2000), p.2. The fungus is difficult to traverse, provides invisibility for the enemy, provides few resources, and spawns "mindworms" that attack population centres and military units by neurally parasitising them.
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The adults are microscopic wormlike animals, consisting of a single layer of ciliated outer cells surrounding a mass of sex cells. They swim freely within the bodies of their hosts, which include flatworms, polychaete worms, bivalve molluscs, and echinoderms. They are gonochoristic, with separate male and female individuals. When they are ready to reproduce, the adults leave the host, and sperm from the males penetrate the bodies of the females to achieve internal fertilisation.
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The name appears to derive from the diminutive of the common hand tool, the auger. A 1941 investigation of the folk tales of Middle Park, Colorado uncovered stories of the augerino describing it as a gigantic, corkscrew-shaped, indestructible wormlike creature which lined its burrows with a silica substance to keep them from collapsing.Ronald L. Ives, "Folklore of Eastern Middle Park, Colorado". Journal of American Folklore 54 (1941), pp. 24-43, at pp. 29-30.
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The top of the stem is occupied by a long inflorescence which is an open raceme of many flowers. Each flower bud is enclosed in long, thick sepals which open to reveal yellow or whitish petals each measuring up to 2 centimeters in length. The stamens protruding from the flower's center are 1 or 2 centimeters long. The fruit is a curving, wormlike silique 4 to 7 centimeters in length containing tiny seeds.
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It penetrates the fish with a thin filament, which it uses to suck the fish's blood. The nourished larvae then mate on the fish. The female larva, with her now fertilized eggs, then finds a cod, or a cod-like fish such as a haddock or whiting. There the larva clings to the gills while it metamorphoses into a plump sinusoidal wormlike body with a coiled mass of egg strings at the rear.
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As the nematode feeds, it swells. The female swells so much that her posterior end bursts out of the root and she becomes visible to the naked eye. In contrast, the adult male regains a wormlike shape, and he leaves the root in order to find and fertilize the large females. The female continues to feed as she lays 200 to 400 eggs in a yellow gelatinous matrix, forming an egg sac which remains inside her.
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Rena humilis, like most species in the family Leptotyphlopidae, resembles a long earthworm. It lives underground in burrows, and since it has no use for vision, its eyes are mostly vestigial. The western blind snake is pink, purple, or silvery-brown in color, shiny, wormlike, cylindrical, blunt at both ends, and has light-detecting black eyespots. The skull is thick to permit burrowing, and it has a spine at the end of its tail that it uses for leverage.
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Like other shipworms, Teredora princesae has an elongated, wormlike body which is completely enclosed in a tunnel it has made in floating or submerged timber. At the front end of the animal are two calcareous valves, as found in other bivalve molluscs. These are white and sharp and have rough ridges that are used to rasp the timber and slowly elongate the burrow. Food particles and oxygen are extracted by the gills from the water that has been sucked into the burrow.
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A Manual of the Infusoria: Including a Description of All Known Flagellate, Ciliate, and Tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and Foreign, and an Account of the Organization and the Affinities of the Sponges. London: D. Bogue, 1880. Bacteria of this genus were later anonymously described as “Capillary Eels” in the 1703 issue of Philosophical Transactions by a “Sir C. H.” because of their thin, wormlike appearance. Additionally, the naturalist O. F. Müller documented eight species of the genus Vibrio in his work on infusoria.
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The process was begun in 1793 by Lamarck, who called the Vermes une espèce de chaos (a sort of chaos) and split the group into three new phyla, worms, echinoderms, and polyps (which contained corals and jellyfish). By 1809, in his Philosophie Zoologique, Lamarck had created 9 phyla apart from vertebrates (where he still had 4 phyla: mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish) and molluscs, namely cirripedes, annelids, crustaceans, arachnids, insects, worms, radiates, polyps, and infusorians. Chordates are remarkably wormlike by ancestry.
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The combination appears green, but can be seen as an array of yellow spots surrounded by blue circles under a microscope. Crystal fibres, formed of hexagonal arrays of hollow nanofibres, create the bright iridescent colours of the bristles of Aphrodita, the sea mouse, a non-wormlike genus of marine annelids. The colours are aposematic, warning predators not to attack. The chitin walls of the hollow bristles form a hexagonal honeycomb-shaped photonic crystal; the hexagonal holes are 0.51 μm apart.
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It is thought that a majority of existing animals, including Homo sapiens, have evolved from a common wormlike ancestor that lived around 600 million years ago, called the urbilaterian. A bilaterian animal is one that has symmetrical left and right body halves. While it is still debated whether this species had a complex brain or not, development of similar species support the hypothesis that it had at least a simple anterior collection of nerve cells, called a cephalon.Hejnol, A., & Martindale, M. Q. (2008).
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Clavaria fragilis was originally described from Denmark in 1790 by Danish naturalist and mycologist Theodor Holmskjold, and was sanctioned under this name by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1821 Systema Mycologicum. The Latin epithet fragilis refers to the brittle fruit bodies. The species was redescribed by Swedish mycologist Olof Swartz in 1811, using the name Clavaria vermicularis (the epithet meaning "wormlike"). Though it is a later synonym—and thus obsolete according to the principle of priority—the latter name is still frequently used today.
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In addition, the contrast between stimuli and background can significantly affect the type of behavior. In response to a wormlike stripe, common toads orient and snap towards the edge leading in the direction of motion, given that the stripe is black and the background white. If the stimulus/background contrast is reversed, the toad prefers the trailing edge of the white stripe and often snaps behind it. Obviously, "off"-effects (rapid change in luminance from bright to dark) by the moving contrast borders play a guiding role.
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In biology, the nervous system is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body, then works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events. Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Onychophora (from Ancient Greek, onyches, "claws"; and pherein, "to carry"), commonly known as velvet worms (due to their velvety texture and somewhat wormlike appearance) or more ambiguously as peripatus (after the first described genus, Peripatus), is a phylum of elongate, soft-bodied, many-legged panarthropods. In appearance they have variously been compared to worms with legs, caterpillars, and slugs. They prey upon smaller animals such as insects, which they catch by squirting an adhesive slime. Approximately 200 species of velvet worms have been described, although the true number of species is likely greater.
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An engraving of Telegraph Island in the 1860s showing the telegraph station The Persian Gulf cable was never entirely reliable, with interruptions and errors at the repeater stations. A message usually took a minimum of five days to reach London from Karachi. Another problem was the destructive influence of the teredo (a wormlike bivalve mollusk) on the gutta percha insulation of the cables, which was more susceptible to them than the india rubber insulation used on other cables in warm water areas."Latest Intelligence", Glasgow Herald, 17 April 1870.
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Transporter Chief Miles O'Brien also provides Barclay with some advice on dealing with his fears, speaking how he overcame his fear of spiders, before attempting to transport him over again. Barclay is safely transported to the Yosemite and continues to help the other engineering crew investigate the disappearance. On his return trip, Barclay believes he sees wormlike-creatures in the matter stream that attempt to approach him and touch his arm, but he materializes on the Enterprise without harm. He decides that he is suffering from transporter psychosis, a rare affliction.
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These three taxa are sometimes placed within the deuterostomes (a large clade that includes humans and other chordates, sea stars and others), while others classify these organisms as a basal offshoot that resembles a common ancestor of deuterostomes and protostoma. A 2016 analysis of many genetic data sets supports the latter, and suggests that, like Xenoturbella bocki, the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes likely had one opening, ciliated locomotion and a wormlike body. However, if the deuterostome hypothesis is correct, then Xenoturbella must have lost many ancestral traits, such as an anus.
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In Honduras, a group of UN investigators are looking into a famine in the civil war ridden nation. They examine a ruined coffee farm and discover mysterious wormlike insects filling the roots of the plants with holes. They are known as Jigras and are immune to every known insecticide. Jacob Bamberley, heir to an oil fortune and head of Bamberley Trust, a charitable institution that manufactures Nutripon, a hydroponically grown food product meant to provide relief in places afflicted by famine, gives his adopted son Hugh Pettingill a tour of the factory in Denver.
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Cestodes have no gut or mouth and absorb nutrients from the host's alimentary tract through their specialised neodermal cuticle, or tegument, through which gas exchange also takes place. The tegument also protects the parasite from the host's digestive enzymes and allows it to transfer molecules back to the host. The body form of adult eucestodes is simple, with a scolex, or grasping head, adapted for attachment to the definitive host, a short neck, and a strobila, or segmented trunk formed of proglottids, which makes up the worm's body. Members of the subclass Cestodaria, the Amphilinidea and Gyrocotylidea, are wormlike but not divided into proglottids.
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Gyrocotylidea: body flatwormlike, not divided into proglottids Amphilinidea: body wormlike, not divided into proglottids "Tetraphyllidea": elaborate four- leaved scolex The evolutionary history of the Cestoda has been studied using ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial and other DNA, and morphological analysis and continues to be revised. "Tetraphyllidea" is seen to be paraphyletic; "Pseudophyllidea" has been broken up into two orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea. Hosts, whose phylogeny often mirrors that of the parasites (Fahrenholz's rule), are indicated in italics and parentheses, the life-cycle sequence (where known) shown by arrows as (intermediate host1 [→ intermediate host2 ] → definitive host). Alternatives, generally for different species within an order, are shown in square brackets.
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This bacterium was then identified as the same bacterium which had been discovered by two other scientists and renamed Clostridium butyricum. By the 20th century "vibrion" came to be used as a general term for motile microorganisms with an elongated, wormlike shape associated with pathogenic illnesses such as cholera and tetanus. It was also incorporated in the names created for several bacteria by microbiologists at the time, such as in the name "Vibrion septique" from a 1922 paper in The Journal of Medical Research. In an issue of the journal Modern Medicine from 1893, the term "cholera vibrion" is used to refer to Vibrio cholerae.
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Once neurons have positioned themselves, their axons sprout and navigate through the brain, branching and extending as they go, until the tips reach their targets and form synaptic connections. In a number of parts of the nervous system, neurons and synapses are produced in excessive numbers during the early stages, and then the unneeded ones are pruned away. For vertebrates, the early stages of neural development are similar across all species. As the embryo transforms from a round blob of cells into a wormlike structure, a narrow strip of ectoderm running along the midline of the back is induced to become the neural plate, the precursor of the nervous system.
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Hosts infected by certain strains of Amoebophyra such as Amoebophyra ceratii are unable to reproduce before the parasite completes its life cycle and kills the host. It will continue to increase in size through nuclear divisions without the need for cytokinesis, resulting in a beehive-like appearance within the host. After killing the host, Amoebophyra grows to become mobile and wormlike, but soon separates into dinospores. These new dinospores then have a short period of time in which to find new hosts, as their survival time in water is meager. The aquatic environment can greatly affect the success of Amoebophyra, as a nutrient environment can influence its reproductive ability as well as its offspring’s infectivity.
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In 1854, the Italian anatomist Filippo Pacini coined the term "vibrions" in a paper he published during the third Cholera pandemic arguing that they were the main agents causing cholera. He drew his conclusion from his observations of the thin, wormlike bacteria present in the blood and stool of cholera patients, especially characteristic of late-stage infections. The Vibrio cholerae identified by Pacini were rediscovered by Robert Koch in 1884, who was unaware of Pacini's work; he called them “Comma Bacillus” and received worldwide fame as a result of his discovery. The term “vibrion” was subsequently used by Louis Pasteur in 1861 in naming a bacterium he discovered, Vibryon butyrique, which was capable of surviving in an environment without oxygen.
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She is Luvriel's replacement in the first game, due to a mutually assured destruction strategy gone wrong. She was captured in the second game by a giant wormlike creature, over the course of the game, put through a perverse version of her training in the first game, and in the third game, she was weakened by the use of a spell cast through the corrupted hand of Dark Aries. ;Hikari Jinno (Djibril Aries/Dark Aries): The second of the three Devil Angels, Aries was recruited to replace Rika when she is defeated in battle and taken as spoils. She also spends most of the third game in a second, corrupted, persona of Dark Aries, which has a unique power to control minds.
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Nervous system of a bilaterian animal, in the form of a nerve cord with a "brain" at the front The vast majority of existing animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with left and right sides that are approximate mirror images of each other. All bilateria are thought to have descended from a common wormlike ancestor that appeared in the Ediacaran period, 550–600 million years ago. The fundamental bilaterian body form is a tube with a hollow gut cavity running from mouth to anus, and a nerve cord with an especially large ganglion at the front, called the "brain". Area of the human body surface innervated by each spinal nerve Even mammals, including humans, show the segmented bilaterian body plan at the level of the nervous system.
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Over a hundred future animal species are described and illustrated in the book. Major groups include the "rabbucks", versatile descendants of rabbits filling the ecological niches of deer, zebras, giraffes and antelope; "gigantelopes", descendants of antelope filling niches held by elephants, giraffes, moose, musk oxen, rhinoceroses, and other large herbivores; "vortexes" and "porpins", descendants of penguins evolved to fill the aquatic niche of cetaceans; and the predatory rats, the major group of terrestrial predators and descendants of rats. There are also more bizarre creatures such as the "raboons", gigantic theropod-esque descendants of baboons, the "night stalker", a gigantic predatory leaf nosed bat native to Batavia, the "desert leaper", a giant dipodid and the "chiselhead", a descendant of the eastern gray squirrel that has evolved a wormlike shape and large incisors for chiseling into coniferous trees (hence its name).
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Nervous system of a bilaterian animal, in the form of a nerve cord with segmental enlargements, and a "brain" at the front The vast majority of existing animals are bilaterians, meaning animals with left and right sides that are approximate mirror images of each other. All bilateria are thought to have descended from a common wormlike ancestor that appeared in the Ediacaran period, 550–600 million years ago. The fundamental bilaterian body form is a tube with a hollow gut cavity running from mouth to anus, and a nerve cord with an enlargement (a "ganglion") for each body segment, with an especially large ganglion at the front, called the "brain". Area of the human body surface innervated by each spinal nerve Even mammals, including humans, show the segmented bilaterian body plan at the level of the nervous system.
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The kessen-chū ("bloodworms") are wormlike organisms capable of healing normally fatal injuries and slowing down the aging process, making a person virtually immortal. They are produced by lumps of flesh (approximately 2 inches in width) informally referred to as kessen-ki ("kessen-bases"); these kessen-ki are implanted throughout a person's body by Yaobikuni and although six sites were identified on Manji, the possibility of more wasn't discounted. When necessary the kessen-ki produce kessen-chū and send them through the arteries to repair damaged areas in the body as well as restore destroyed kessen-ki. Because the kessen-chū and kessen-ki are themselves living organisms they are subject to their own limitations, and consequently the immortality they bestow isn't absolute and can be circumvented to cause the host's death, either through the deaths of the kessen-chū themselves or by overwhelming the kessen-chū's regenerative capabilities.
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A large hole may be present between the frontal bones and the basisphenoid (Psammophis, Coelopeltis); the maxillary may be much abbreviated and movable vertically, as in the Viperidae; the pterygoids may taper and converge posteriorly, without any connection with the quadrate, as in the Amblycephalidae; the supratemporal may be much reduced, and wedged in between the adjacent bones of the cranium; the quadrate may be short or extremely large; the prefrontals may join in a median suture in front of the frontals; the dentary may be freely movable, and detached from the articular posteriorly. The deviation from the normal type is much greater still when we consider the degraded wormlike members of the families Typhlopidae and Glauconiidae, in which the skull is very compact and the maxillary much reduced. In the former this bone is loosely attached to the lower aspect of the cranium; in the latter it borders the mouth, and is suturally joined to the premaxillary and the prefrontal. In both the transverse bone and the supratemporal are absent, but the coronoid element is present in the mandible.
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