These include weather balloons, surface weather observation network, radar, satellites and buoys.
|
|
Finally, three teams armed with weather balloons will take measurements of the air.
|
|
TORUS also includes mobile Doppler radar units, ground-based observing platforms and weather balloons.
|
|
Launches in Long Island, Buffalo, and Albany send up high-altitude weather balloons twice daily.
|
|
Most reports were eventually debunked as weather balloons, the planet Venus or even oddly shaped clouds.
|
|
The school's curriculum includes artificial intelligence, ethics, and building things from weather-balloons to battle-bots.
|
|
Plus, the company had done some unlawful tests with weather balloons and other equipment before the launch.
|
|
The agency already buys some commercial information from weather balloons as well as data on lightning strikes.
|
|
Investigators learned Abrahamson purchased two weather balloons last year, in October and on Christmas Day, the paper reported.
|
|
These meteorologists use a variety of current and past data, weather satellites, radar, forecast models and weather balloons.
|
|
On the ground, other researchers are readying weather balloons and preparing heavy blue trucks mounted with radar dishes.
|
|
There are not enough weather balloons to constantly record conditions in the upper atmosphere, home to the real action.
|
|
Woods' team has four towers set up around St. Louis to measure the atmospheric response, as well as weather balloons.
|
|
And weather balloons are nice, too, if you don't mind flying it out to where it needs to be first.
|
|
Aircraft, merchant ships, weather balloons and satellites do the same thing and transmit data to weather stations on the ground.
|
|
Soon after leaving his mentor's lab, Eckstrom landed a job with G.T. Schjeldahl, a Minneapolis-based manufacturer of Mylar weather balloons.
|
|
Whether achieved by big weather balloons, blimps, or other methods, solar geoengineering would have to be done carefully, methodically, and incrementally.
|
|
Analysis of the atmospheric response to the eclipse (from our special set of weather balloons) will similarly take a month or two.
|
|
He asks one question—do the helicopters that will track the rocket's flight know that weather balloons will be in the area?
|
|
Set against a barren yet beautiful backdrop, his images show researchers busily launching weather balloons, taking ice cores and checking on their experiments.
|
|
The project, which began as a Google X Lab offshoot, provides basic internet to crisis zones and out-of-network areas using weather balloons.
|
|
In the summer of 203 Daniel Boria took to the sky—under his ass, a lawnchair, over his head, a bunch of weather balloons.
|
|
Maue, of WeatherBell, said more powerful computers and a way to coalesce various bits of information, including satellite data and weather balloons, are needed.
|
|
This week X, Alphabet's "moon shot" research division, got approval from the Kenyan government to provide internet access via high-flying robot weather balloons.
|
|
Russ Schumacher, an upbeat atmospheric science professor from Colorado State University, had been waiting in a dusty field, sending weather balloons up every hour.
|
|
Roswell was the site of a famous 1947 sighting of UFOs which the Air Force later said were top-secret high altitude weather balloons.
|
|
Inspiring girls Initial trials involved the girls programming and launching small CricketSat satellites using high-altitude weather balloons, before eventually helping to configure the satellite payloads.
|
|
Weather balloons have traditionally been the choice, but they drift with the wind and often don't stay in the air long enough to be really effective.
|
|
Twice a day, McNatt said, 92 weather stations across North America and the Pacific, plus 10 stations in the Caribbean release weather balloons into the atmosphere.
|
|
These days, Google and Facebook are likely to shower more remote parts of the world in internet through weather balloons, but it wasn't always that easy.
|
|
My father's unofficial cell of believers quietly disbanded — exhausted, perhaps, by government silence and the false reports caused by weather balloons, satellites and people just seeing things.
|
|
Founded by a long-time Googler who started its Project Loon internet-beaming weather balloons, it's now signing up e-commerce, retail, rideshare, restaurant and event businesses.
|
|
Age: Brown, 21; Dean, 22; Marshland, 22Industry: ScienceKnown for: Brown, Dean, and Marshland are three of the cofounders of WindBorne Systems, a company that builds weather balloons.
|
|
Meteorologists use latex weather balloons every day to gather data on the upper atmosphere from almost 270 locations worldwide, including 2100 spots in the U.S. and its territories.
|
|
This week, scientists are sending weather balloons above Lake Maracaibo as part of a continuing, separate project that will help them better predict when and where lightning will strike.
|
|
Climate computer models predict average global temperatures a full 1 degree Fahrenheit higher than have actually been observed by satellites and weather balloons — and that gap is widening every year.
|
|
The incredible magnitude of the voltage, compared to prior measurements, can be explained by the fact that the weather balloons and airplanes, previously used sample only a small part of the storm.
|
|
Until that moves over land, where it can be sampled by weather balloons and commercial aircraft, forecasts have a higher amount of uncertainty concerning details like the precise location of the rain-snow line.
|
|
Age: Brown, 21; Dean, 22; Marshland, 22Industry: ScienceKnown for: Brown, Dean, and Marshland are three of the cofounders of Windborn Systems, a company which builds weather balloons that are more durable than regular balloons.
|
|
By sending airplanes and weather balloons into the center of lightning storms, scientists were able to measure just how large the voltages can be in thunderclouds, with the largest value reaching 130 million volts.
|
|
Agency officials say they plan to buy other kinds of commercial weather observations in the next few years, including measurements taken from weather balloons, ground stations, ships and airplanes, and perhaps one day personal cellphones.
|
|
Approximately two hours away from the observatory by car, Roswell was the site of a famous 1947 sighting of unidentified flying objects that the U.S. Air Force later said were top-secret high-altitude weather balloons.
|
|
A new startup is looking to produce high-resolution, on-demand and timely imaging for various customers and applications, and it's using its own custom satellites that are carried by weather balloons to make it happen.
|
|
Each takes in thousands of observations from satellites, weather balloons, commercial aircraft, ground stations and more, and then uses complex physics equations and other techniques to project the state of the atmosphere out several days in advance.
|
|
"We have a close working relationship with a number of other agencies and safely handle military aircraft and civilian aircraft of all types in that area every day, including high-altitude weather balloons," the FAA spokesperson said.
|
|
One 2018 paper outlined one (deeply unlikely) nightmare scenario: some desperate anti-climate change group calling on individuals to release heat-reflecting particles in weather balloons — which would be a chaotic, uncontrolled way to do solar geoengineering.
|
|
This information should prove extremely valuable, as it will allow for much improved weather prediction, especially in areas like the tropics where there are fewer stations and weather balloons (yes, they use them) from which to collect data.
|
|
Photo: ilitephoto/FlickrProject Loon, the former Google X Lab enterprise to provide mobile data to rural areas and disaster zones via high-altitude weather balloons now run by Google's parent company Alphabet, may soon get another major test drive.
|
|
A transformer-wrecking electromagnetic pulse (EMP) would be produced by a nuclear bomb, designed to maximise its yield of gamma rays, if detonated high up, be it tethered to a big cluster of weather balloons or carried on a satellite or missile.
|
|
In fact, the launch site has a plethora of weather-sensing equipment—including meteorology towers and weather balloons—to keep a close eye on the elements, as conditions are even more critical here than at most other launch sites around the world.
|
|
Shot almost entirely on GoPro cameras — the same ones that people strap onto dogs, weather balloons, kayaks, surfboards — Naishuller has created a movie that resembles video games like Call of Duty or Doom, but with the super soldier spirit of the Jason Bourne film franchise.
|
|
Researchers from MIT, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom, measured the impact on the ozone layer using weather balloons based in Syowa station (in Antartica) and South Pole stations, as well as ground-based instruments and satellites.
|
|
He had been involved in the Air Force's first UFO study, Project Sign, where he simply looked over the collected UFO reports and classified as many as he could as misidentified astrological objects like comets or meteorological phenomena like strange clouds, or normal things like aircraft or weather balloons.
|
|
For a bird's-eye view of the event, students from the Eclipse Ballooning Project, a collaborative group of high school students, colleges, research universities and NASA scientists, are planning to send 57 cameras up on weather balloons to observe the eclipse at high altitude and hand off to one another over the course of the day at eclipse.stream.
|
|
Though I was still looking at it through a Scully-tinted lens, mentally cycling through explanations about swamp gases and hypnotism and weather balloons, there was a part of me that started fantasizing about claiming the hundreds of thousands of dollars that are available to people with proof of the paranormal and changing the world with my proof of an afterlife.
|
|
For his staging of the choral work, which came to the Mostly Mozart Festival this week, Carlus Padrissa of the Catalan theater collective La Fura dels Baus depicted that chaos with projections of wisps of clouds and cosmic dust coming together and breaking apart, as a flock of white weather balloons began to form into something suggestive of DNA molecules.
|
|
For many Atlantic hurricanes (including Dorian), the available data will include: Direct observations from reconnaissance aircraft of the winds at flight level (generally a mile or two above the surface, so not exactly the altitude where we want to know them); Data from dropsondes, which are instruments like weather balloons, but they fall down from a plane instead of rising from the surface with a balloon.
|
|
Telemetry has been used by weather balloons for transmitting meteorological data since 1920.
|
|
One of the first persons to use weather balloons was Léon Teisserenc de Bort, the French meteorologist. Starting in 1896 he launched hundreds of weather balloons from his observatory in Trappes, France. These experiments led to his discovery of the tropopause and stratosphere. Transosondes, weather balloons with instrumentation meant to stay at a constant altitude for long periods of time to help diagnose radioactive debris from atomic fallout, were experimented with in 1958.
|
|
Green weather balloons are used to help Ike, Leo, and Balboa analyze the current weather conditions. They are built with a sensor that tells the Horus probes what is going on. They also have a small camera. Unlike the camera disks and spider probes, the weather balloons are not retrieved for re-use.
|
|
Shortly after seeking the original $200,000 B.o.B upped his request to $1,000,000 to cover the cost of many test seeking drones, weather balloons, and satellites.
|
|
The SCR-658 radar is a radio direction finding set introduced by the U. S. Army in 1944, was developed in conjunction with the SCR-268 radar. It was preceded by the SCR-258. Its primary purpose was to track weather balloons. Prior to this it was only possible to track weather balloons with a theodolite, causing difficulty with visual tracking in poor weather conditions.
|
|
Two Russian/French spacecraft, Vega 1 and Vega 2, dropped landers and balloons (first weather balloons deployed on another planet) at Venus before their rendezvous with Halley's Comet.
|
|
A group in New Orleans works with Public Lab to launch a balloon mapping kit in 2017. The aerial photography technique Public Lab is best known for involves lifting cameras above an area using tethered helium-filled weather balloons.
|
|
After Hargrave invented the box kite, weather stations from around the world saw the potential for his design. Blue hill observatory and the German weather station at Lindenberg used kites routinely until weather balloons took over in the 1920s and 1930s.
|
|
Full safety equipment is used. Staff generate their own supply of hydrogen for use in weather balloons. Prior to 1994, a chemical process to meet hydrogen needs was used. This process produced a toxic residue that was a danger to the local birdlife.
|
|
By 1980, the organization included 72 observatories, of which eight launched weather balloons and radiosondes, and five radars serviced the country. In 1989, it became a subagency of the General de Administracion del Agua.Servicio Meteorologia Nacional. Breve Historia... Retrieved on 2007-01-17.
|
|
This version was used as a meteorological system for measuring the winds aloft by launching weather balloons with radar reflectors that allowed them to be tracked for extended periods. The Mk.2/4 was widely used into the late 1950s in this role.
|
|
The object was tracked on radar from CFS Falconbridge and sighted in binoculars, and estimated to be a 100-ft. diameter sphere with craters. Seven OPP police officers also witnessed the UFO. Some explanations given for the sightings included Venus, clouds, and/or weather balloons.
|
|
For high-altitude measurements, kites were once used, and weather balloons or aerostats are still used, to lift experimental equipment into the air. Early experimenters even went aloft themselves in hot-air balloons. Hoffert (1888) identified individual lightning downward strokes using early cameras.Proceedings of the Physical Society: Volumes 9-10.
|
|
The compound has, however, been widely used for decades as a safe and convenient means to inflate weather balloons. Likewise, it is regularly used in laboratories to produce small quantities of highly pure hydrogen for experiments. The moisture content of diesel fuel is estimated by the hydrogen evolved upon treatment with CaH2.
|
|
This complements radar and satellite data and only provides information that is useful for short-term (up to four hours before launch or landing) but not long-term forecasting. Aerial reconnaissance often provides a more accurate assessment of weather conditions than radar or satellite imagery. Weather reconnaissance is also provided by weather balloons.
|
|
The LASAN laboratory (LAboratorio SAN Martín), managed by the Argentine Antarctic Institute, carries out active scientific research in the areas of geomagnetism, riometry, meteorology, ionospheric surveying through high altitude weather balloons, phytoplankton biology, satellite geodesy, glaciology, etc. An ongoing bilateral agreement between Argentina and Germany has prompted cooperation on glacier movement observations.
|
|
Retrieved on 2007-02-17. He did, however, rule out weather balloons, stating they were unlikely to have been mistaken "all over the country and all in one week" for mysterious objects speeding through the sky at supersonic speeds.Associated Press. Associated Press Main Roswell Story -- July 9. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
|
|
Research balloon ready for launch Research balloons are balloons that are used for scientific research. They are usually unmanned, filled with a lighter- than-air gas like helium, and fly at high altitudes. Meteorology, atmospheric research, astronomy, and military research may be conducted from a research balloon. Weather balloons are a type of research balloon.
|
|
Weather balloons that do not carry an instrument pack are used to determine upper-level winds and the height of cloud layers. For such balloons, a theodolite or total station is used to track the balloon's azimuth and elevation, which are then converted to estimated wind speed and direction and/or cloud height, as applicable.
|
|
Mammatus Cloud Christmas Day 2005 Radiosondes (weather balloons) measuring upper air temperatures and winds are routinely launched from five stations around New Zealand. At Whenuapai, Paraparaumu and Invercargill they are launched at 1100 and 2300 NZT. At Raoul Island they are launched daily at 1100 NZT. The upper air data are displayed on tephigrams.
|
|
In 2013, Taiwan's Chunghwa Telecom established a satellite-based cellular base station on the island to provide the coast guard with communication services. The ROC maintains a large meteorological station on Taiping island. The station collects weather information using surface instruments, launching weather balloons daily. The ROC Central Weather Bureau has an employee presence on the island.
|
|
Giles is within the Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku and is in the foothills of the Rawlinson Ranges. A staff of three operates the remote station on six-monthly tours. Giles Airport, a airstrip services the station and the Warakurna community. Tourists are invited to watch the daily release of weather balloons and browse through the Visitor's Centre.
|
|
Specialized uses also exist, such as for aviation interests, pollution monitoring, photography or videography and research. Examples include pilot balloons (Pibal). Field research programs often use mobile launchers from land vehicles as well as ships and aircraft (usually dropsondes in this case). In recent years weather balloons have also been used for scattering human ashes at high-altitude.
|
|
He died of pneumonia on 25 August 1926. The overall lead of the expedition was assumed by the ship's captain Fritz Spieß, while Georg Wüst became chief oceanographer. The expedition returned to Wilhelmshaven on 2 June 1927. In the course of the venture 67,000 depth soundings were made, more than were sailed and more than 800 weather balloons were launched.
|
|
In 2003, France financed the installation of over a dozen simple weather stations around Afghanistan. The stations provide basic information such as temperature, barometric pressure, and rain fall. Also in 2003, the World Meteorological Organization in Geneva provided the Authority with copies of its lost records. Canadian troops at Camp Julien assist in collecting data by launching weather balloons twice a day.
|
|
After that deployment Perkins continued to rotate between duty with the 7th Fleet in the western Pacific and operations with the 1st Fleet off the west coast. In July 1956 she contributed to the information gathering effort of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) by "chasing" weather balloons and in September 1959 helped TF 77 forestall overt hostilities during the Laotian crisis.
|
|
He was not satisfied with mathematics as an abstract practice. Weather forecasting provided him with a very concrete application of mathematical principles that could exploit the new computer technology. At the Institute for Advanced Study, he used his mathematical knowledge and Smagorinsky worked with Charney to develop a new approach called numerical weather prediction. This approach relied on data collected from weather balloons.
|
|
Georges Lecointe was appointed as director in 1900, succeeding F. Folie and A. Lancaster. Under his leadership, seismological measurements started in 1901 and the first weather balloons were launched in 1906. Belgium participated in the Carte du Ciel and the Astrographic Catalogue; observations lasted until 1964. In 1913 the meteorological department finally became an independent entity, the Royal Meteorological Institute.
|
|
In that year the India Meteorological Department established weather stations, later turning over responsibility to the Nepalese government in 1966. Concerted efforts to steadily expand the observation network began in the 1980s, with 60 rain gauges established by 1985. In 2019, the government built a Doppler weather radar in Surkhet and had plans for two more. Usage of weather balloons was also being tested.
|
|
Touristen, Nr. 02, 2006-1, pg. 52-61 ‘Der Planet sieht nicht nach Erde aus’ (illustrated), Nin BrudermannBulletin, Volume 52, pg. 4343, World Meteorological Organization, 2003 Le Journal Reunion, 2002-9-1, ‘Nin Brudermann une artiste dans la solitude des stations meteo’(illustrated) At UTC noon and midnight all member states launch weather balloons synchronously in a unique political ritual for the sake of the weather forecast.
|
|
After leaving the Lake District, Dalton returned annually to spend his holidays studying meteorology, something which involved a lot of hill-walking. Until the advent of aeroplanes and weather balloons, the only way to make measurements of temperature and humidity at altitude was to climb a mountain. Dalton estimated the height using a barometer. The Ordnance Survey did not publish maps for the Lake District until the 1860s.
|
|
Cole's FAA commercial pilot unrestricted Lighter than Air certificate is complemented by his inspector/repairman expertise with a FAA airframe and power plant (A&P;) certification. Tim Cole with John Kugler and Dennis Brown pioneered balloon design using the inexpensive, agricultural gas anhydrous ammonia. This lifting gas is an economical alternative to helium. Ammonia is sometimes used to fill weather balloons with about half the lifting power of hydrogen.
|
|
It experienced long, torturous trips in horrible weather, like the trip to release weather balloons offshore for the Navy or the night it took two hours to travel from San Onofre to Dana Point Harbor in head winds and six foot wind swell. There were the times when amazing animals were collected; hyperiid amphipods in the midwater trawl and Tilapia, a freshwater fish, caught miles offshore several days after a storm.
|
|
In an attempt to produce fresh evidence, some researchers used new technology to try to re-analyze photographs of the telegram held by General Ramey during his 1947 press conference. Goldberg writes that the results proved inconclusive: while some claimed they could discern wording like "victims of the wreck", others claimed they saw "turn out to be weather balloons". Overall, there was no consensus that anything was legible.
|
|
The ascent rate can be controlled by the amount of gas with which the balloon is filled. Weather balloons may reach altitudes of or more, limited by diminishing pressures causing the balloon to expand to such a degree (typically by a 100:1 factor) that it disintegrates. In this instance the instrument package is usually lost.Radiosonde Although a parachute may be used to help in allowing retrieval of the instrument.
|
|
Lawrence Richard "Larry" Walters had often dreamed of flying, but was unable to become a pilot in the United States Air Force because of his poor eyesight. He first thought of using weather balloons to fly at age 13, after seeing them hanging from the ceiling of a military surplus store. He had a career as an American truck driver. In 1982, he decided to try his flying idea.
|
|
Morrison’s sculpture draws upon art historical reference and popular culture. Pairing quotations from various genres of art with common items and detritus – plastic bottles, weather balloons, plaster busts, shopping carts, light bulbs and bubble wrap – he reorients objects from everyday life by integrating them into themes of Pop, Surrealism and Classicism. Morrison uses a myriad of technical processes to create cast stainless steel sculptures with bright, high polished surfaces that reflect the object's surroundings.
|
|
Ammonia is sometimes used to fill weather balloons. Due to its high boiling point (compared to helium and hydrogen), ammonia could potentially be refrigerated and liquefied aboard an airship to reduce lift and add ballast (and returned to a gas to add lift and reduce ballast). Ammonia gas is relatively heavy (density 0.769 g/L at STP, average molecular mass 17.03 g/mol), poisonous, an irritant, and can damage many metals and plastics.
|
|
The incident was broadcast live on radio and filmed. Ignition of leaking hydrogen is widely assumed to be the cause, but later investigations pointed to the ignition of the aluminized fabric coating by static electricity. But the damage to hydrogen's reputation as a lifting gas was already done and commercial hydrogen airship travel ceased. Hydrogen is still used, in preference to non-flammable but more expensive helium, as a lifting gas for weather balloons.
|
|
BLAST high-altitude balloon just before launch on June 12, 2005 High- altitude balloons are manned or unmanned balloons, usually filled with helium or hydrogen, that are released into the stratosphere, generally attaining between above sea level. In 2002, a balloon named BU60-1 reached a record altitude of . The most common type of high-altitude balloons are weather balloons. Other purposes include use as a platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere.
|
|
The following 48 hours were unsuitable. On 17 June the meteorologists predicted a break in the weather and Martell ordered the countdown to recommence. Weather balloons indicated that conditions were stable between , with an anomaly between that was not considered significant. The boom defence vessel carried out a hydrographic survey of the Monte Bello Islands G2 was detonated from a tower on Alpha Island at 02:14 UTC (10:14 local time) on 19 June.
|
|
Ascent of a weather balloon launched from the Polarstern research vessel Radiosondes are particularly important for collocation studies because they measure atmospheric variables more accurately and more directly than satellite or other remote-sensing instruments. In addition, radiosonde samples are effectively instantaneous point measurements. One issue with radiosondes carried aloft by weather balloons is balloon drift. In, this is handled by averaging all the satellite pixels within a 50 km radius of the balloon launch.
|
|
Flow of ocean water is also largely geostrophic. Just as multiple weather balloons that measure pressure as a function of height in the atmosphere are used to map the atmospheric pressure field and infer the geostrophic wind, measurements of density as a function of depth in the ocean are used to infer geostrophic currents. Satellite altimeters are also used to measure sea surface height anomaly, which permits a calculation of the geostrophic current at the surface.
|
|
Air Defense Command reported the incident to Project Blue Book, but it remained unexplained. In his subsequent book, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, Edward Ruppelt characterized it as a "good UFO report with an unknown conclusion". Both pilots continued to dismiss the idea that the aircraft were F-86s. The investigation also looked into balloons, both weather balloons and research balloons that can be up to wide, but there were no known balloons in the area, either.
|
|
"The Balloonman" is the third episode of the television series Gotham. It premiered on FOX on October 6, 2014 and was written by John Stephens and directed by Dermott Downs. In the episode, detectives Gordon (Ben McKenzie) and Bullock (Donal Logue) track down a vigilante who is killing corrupt Gotham citizens by attaching them to weather balloons. Meanwhile, Oswald Cobblepot (Robin Lord Taylor) returns to Gotham and gets a new job close to an influential figure in the underworld.
|
|
At standard temperature and pressure, ammonia is less dense than atmosphere and has approximately 45-48% of the lifting power of hydrogen or helium. Ammonia has sometimes been used to fill weather balloons as a lifting gas. Because of its relatively high boiling point (compared to helium and hydrogen), ammonia could potentially be refrigerated and liquefied aboard an airship to reduce lift and add ballast (and returned to a gas to add lift and reduce ballast).
|
|
Especially in meteorology they are used to analyze the actual state of the atmosphere derived from the measurements of radiosondes, usually obtained with weather balloons. In such diagrams, temperature and humidity values (represented by the dew point) are displayed with respect to pressure. Thus the diagram gives at a first glance the actual atmospheric stratification and vertical water vapor distribution. Further analysis gives the actual base and top height of convective clouds or possible instabilities in the stratification.
|
|
TAMDAR (Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting) is a weather monitoring system that consists of an in situ atmospheric sensor mounted on commercial aircraft for data gathering. It collects information similar to that collected by radiosondes carried aloft by weather balloons. It was developed by AirDat LLC, which was acquired by Panasonic Avionics Corporation in April 2013 and operated until October 2018 under the name Panasonic Weather Solutions. It is now owned by FLYHT Aerospace Solutions Ltd.
|
|
Woods left Ferranti in 1955, when her first child was born. She continued to get involved in smaller programming projects, that she termed "cottage industry programming," so that she could complete jobs from home. Most notably she did some work with the London Transport Executive, to develop a simulation for bus routes that could prevent hold ups and bus bunching. She also developed a program for the RAF at Boscombe Down to track weather balloons and translate their readings.
|
|
These observations are irregularly spaced, so they are processed by data assimilation and objective analysis methods, which perform quality control and obtain values at locations usable by the model's mathematical algorithms. The data are then used in the model as the starting point for a forecast. A variety of methods are used to gather observational data for use in numerical models. Sites launch radiosondes in weather balloons which rise through the troposphere and well into the stratosphere.
|
|
The years of the Avant Garde Festival marked a period of unparalleled understanding and good relations between advanced artists and local authorities. Friend and artist Jim McWilliams' created numerous memorable pieces for her to perform at the New York Avant Garde Festivals, including Sky Kiss which involved her hanging suspended from helium-filled weather balloons for the Sixth Avant Garde Festival, and The Intravenous Feeding of Charlotte Moorman for the 1973 edition. or the brightly colored inflatable sculptures of Otto Piene.
|
|
Resident in the UK, Bean moved to England in 1969 after beginning her art education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town. She attended Reading University, graduating in 1973. A central figure in the English live art scene, Anne Bean is a difficult artist to categorize. Her evocative work encompasses a range of media including slide projections, drawing, photography, video and sound using a wide range of materials from fire and pyrotechnics to weather balloons and wind to steam and honey.
|
|
The news set off massive celebrations in Fairbanks. Residents set off fireworks, an impromptu parade took place down Cushman Street, the city's main road, and an attempt to dye the Chena River gold in celebration instead turned it green. The celebration was capped when residents used weather balloons to lift a wide wooden star painted gold and emblazoned with "49" into the air. The balloons lifted it, then drifted into power lines, causing a 16-minute power outage across the city.
|
|
As a protege of Gordon Newkirk, Eddy worked with Princeton Professor Martin Schwarzschild in studying the solar corona with coronagraphs mounted on weather balloons at altitudes of . Eddy's thesis was in this area of study. Eddy completed his PhD Thesis at the University of Colorado at Boulder in December 1961 titled "The Stratospheric Solar Aureole". > Abstract: The theory of light scattering by small particles is summarized to > develop the formulae needed to interpret solar aureole data obtained in > balloon flights at stratospheric altitudes.
|
|
Solution for the winter riddle (with further reference from the AWIPEV newsletter, January/February 2006) As of 2000, only some archeological remains of the obersvatory could be found. For much of his life (since at least 1917), he worked as a professor at the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg (German Wikipedia) in Lindenberg, Brandenburg. During the Cold War, he there undertook numerous extensive radio sounding studies of the atmosphere with weather balloons, reputedly at the behalf of the Soviet occupation forces in East Germany.
|
|
In 1967, the company changed its name to Dunlop Australia, and continued to diversify. In 1969 Dunlop Australia acquired the Ansell Rubber Company, which had been founded in 1929 (originally as E. N. Ansell & Sons) by Eric Norman Ansell, at the time a worker for Dunlop Rubber Company of Australasia. Ansell started out developing condoms before moving into other areas such as gas masks and weather balloons as well as developing the first mass-produced disposable latex gloves. Dunlop Australia continued to expand.
|
|
Mary Myers (born Mary Breed Hawley; 1849–1932) was a professional balloonist and aeronautical inventor, better known as "Carlotta, the Lady Aeronaut." She was the first American woman to fly her own lighter-than-air passenger balloon solo and set several records for balloon flights. Myers ran a business of manufacturing and selling passenger airship balloons and high altitude weather balloons with her husband, Carl Myers. The couple obtained several patents on aerial navigation devices and promoted these through exhibition demonstrations at county fairs and town shows.
|
|
Udvar-Hazy Center of the Smithsonian Institution. The first, and so far only, planetary balloon mission was performed by the Space Research Institute of Soviet Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the French space agency CNES in 1985. A small balloon, similar in appearance to terrestrial weather balloons, was carried on each of the two Soviet Vega Venus probes, launched in 1984. The first balloon was inserted into the atmosphere of Venus on 11 June 1985, followed by the second balloon on 15 June 1985.
|
|
The scale of the challenge means that no single person or group of friends can tackle it on their own. Instead, winning was likely to rely on the ability to assemble a very large, ad hoc team of spotters. As such, the Tag Challenge is an example of crowdsourcing, an approach to accomplishing tasks by opening them to the public. It is similar to the DARPA Network Challenge, in which teams competed to locate 10 red weather balloons placed at random locations all over the United States.
|
|
BioWare also utilized viral marketing such as fictional blogs and a weekly web series called BioWare Pulse. For one promotional campaign, EA launched early copies of Mass Effect 3 into space using weather balloons that were equipped with GPS devices. Fans were able to track the balloons online and then recover them once they landed, which enabled them to obtain early copies of the game. Throughout its marketing cycle, Mass Effect 3 was subject to numerous leaks; most significantly, a private beta unintentionally became available to players on Xbox Live in November 2011.
|
|
A tropical wave organized into a tropical depression in the central Gulf of Mexico by 06:00 UTC on July 19\. The system moved west-northwest after formation, reaching tropical storm intensity early the next day. Despite a well-established circulation as indicated by weather balloons, peak winds did not exceed 40 mph (65 km/h) throughout the storm's duration. It turned west and then west-southwest offshore the southern Texas coastline, weakening to a tropical depression early on July 22 and dissipating about 30 mi (50 km) offshore six hours later.
|
|
The superpressure balloon maintains an altitude of constant density in the atmosphere, and can maintain flight until gas leakage gradually brings it down. Superpressure balloons offer flight endurance of months, rather than days. In fact, in typical operation an Earth-based superpressure balloon mission is ended by a command from ground control to open the envelope, rather than by natural leakage of gas. High-altitude balloons are used as high flying vessels to carry scientific instruments (like weather balloons), or reach near-space altitudes to take footage or photos of the earth.
|
|
Later that night, the twins find the wreckage of Balboa and are ordered to split up, Ike studying the unique plant life and Leo going after big game. Ike's voyage takes him to one of Darwin IV's pocket forests, where he encounters a flock of Trunk Suckers and their predator, the Daggerwrist. Before his research is finished, a massive hurricane-like storm hits and Ike must take to the sky, launching weather balloons. Leo goes to the mountain ranges and finds a herd of Unths engaged in rutting-like behavior.
|
|
Even before the Nimbus satellites began collecting their observations of Earth's ozone layer, scientists had some understanding of the processes that maintained or destroyed it. They were pretty sure they understood how the layer formed, and they knew from laboratory experiments that halogens could destroy ozone. Finally, weather balloons had revealed that the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere changed over time, and scientists suspected weather phenomena or seasonal change were responsible. But how all of these pieces of information worked together on a global scale was still unclear.
|
|
Atmospheric science has been extended to the field of planetary science and the study of the atmospheres of the planets and natural satellites of the solar system. Experimental instruments used in atmospheric science include satellites, rocketsondes, radiosondes, weather balloons, and lasers. The term aerology (from Greek ἀήρ, aēr, "air"; and -λογία, -logia) is sometimes used as an alternative term for the study of Earth's atmosphere; in other definitions, aerology is restricted to the free atmosphere, the region above the planetary boundary layer. Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann.
|
|
Meteorologists also use total stations to track weather balloons for determining upper-level winds. With the average ascent rate of the weather balloon known or assumed, the change in azimuth and elevation readings provided by the total station as it tracks the weather balloon over time are used to compute the wind speed and direction at different altitudes. Additionally, the total station is used to track ceiling balloons to determine the height of cloud layers. Such upper-level wind data is often used for aviation weather forecasting and rocket launches.
|
|
On July 2, 1982, Larry Walters (April 19, 1949 – October 6, 1993) made a 45-minute flight in a homemade airship made of an ordinary patio chair and 45 helium-filled weather balloons. The aircraft rose to an altitude of over and floated from the point of takeoff in San Pedro, California, into and violating controlled airspace near Los Angeles International Airport. During the landing, the aircraft became entangled in power lines, but Walters was able to safely climb down. The flight attracted worldwide media attention and inspired a later movie and imitators.
|
|
Departing Norfolk, Virginia, on 17 April 1945, Davenport joined and for an anti-submarine patrol off Casco Bay. She returned to New York on 24 April, and three days later got underway to escort a convoy to Mers El Kébir, Algeria, returning to Norfolk on 7 June. Two days later she entered the Navy Yard at Charleston, South Carolina, for conversion to a weather ship. This involved removing the number three gun and installing in its place a hangar used to house meteorological equipment and to inflate and launch weather balloons.
|
|
Prior to the 1961 field season, Pioneer underwent major repairs to her hull plating, and the Coast and Geodetic Survey equipped her with a gravity meter and a towed transducer. On 11 April 1961, she began the 1961 field season, departing Alameda for Kodiak, Alaska. Along the way, she developed information on four seamounts, conducted oceanographic measurements, released weather balloons and made frequent meteorological reports, and collected gravity measurements. Her personnel inspected the Seismic Sea Wave Warning System gauge and the standard tide gauge at Womens Bay and the nautical chart agency at Kodiak.
|
|
Modern MRL systems can use modern land navigation (especially satellite navigation such as GPS) for quick and accurate positioning. The accurate determination of the battery position previously required such an extent of effort that making a dispersed operation of the battery was at times impractical. MRL systems with GPS can have their MRLs dispersed and fire from dispersed positions at a single target, just as previously multiple batteries were often united on one target area. Radar may be used to track weather balloons to determine winds or to track special rockets which self-destruct in the air.
|
|
Research balloons usually study a single aspect of science, such as air pollution, air temperature, or wind currents, although sometimes several experiments or equipment are flown together. Malcolm Ross piloting a research balloon down from the stratosphere Other than weather balloons, few research balloons are launched every year. This is driven by the large cost of the balloon, the instrument, which is usually custom made, and the cost of the launch. Because of the altitude reached by most research balloons, the air is too thin and too cold for humans to survive, therefore most research balloons are unmanned and operated remotely.
|
|
In more contemporary times, thunderstorms have taken on the role of a scientific curiosity. Every spring, storm chasers head to the Great Plains of the United States and the Canadian Prairies to explore the scientific aspects of storms and tornadoes through use of videotaping. Radio pulses produced by cosmic rays are being used to study how electric charges develop within thunderstorms. More organized meteorological projects such as VORTEX2 use an array of sensors, such as the Doppler on Wheels, vehicles with mounted automated weather stations, weather balloons, and unmanned aircraft to investigate thunderstorms expected to produce severe weather.
|
|
Image of the Earth's horizon taken from on an ARHAB flight. Amateur radio high-altitude ballooning (ARHAB) is the application of analog and digital amateur radio to weather balloons and was the name suggested by Ralph Wallio (amateur radio callsign W0RPK) for this hobby. Often referred to as "The Poorman's Space Program", ARHAB allows amateurs to design functioning models of spacecraft and launch them into a space-like environment. Bill Brown (amateur radio callsign WB8ELK) is considered to have begun the modern ARHAB movement with his first launch of a balloon carrying an amateur radio transmitter on 15 August 1987.
|
|
Space exploration by means of balloon borne detectors is the main concern of this department. ICSP has pioneered in this field of low cost exploration of near earth space using light weight payloads on board weather balloons. In the course of the experiments ICSP payloads has visited the space more than 100 times and has gathered a multitude of data from extraterrestrial radiation sources, atmospheric radiation data due to cosmic ray interactions and other atmospheric data. These data has provided new understandings about the cosmic radiation sources as well as the radiation effects on the earth atmosphere.
|
|
In mid-1982, Walters and his girlfriend at the time, Carol Van Deusen, purchased 45 weather balloons and obtained helium tanks from California Toy Time Balloons. They used a forged requisition from his employer, FilmFair Studios, saying the balloons were for a television commercial. On July 2, 1982, Walters attached 43 of the balloons to his lawn chair, filled them with helium, put on a parachute, and strapped himself into the chair in the backyard of a home at 1633 West 7th Street in San Pedro. He took his pellet gun, a CB radio, sandwiches, beer, and a camera.
|
|
On 30 June 1942, the Navy transferred Muskeget to the United States Coast Guard for service as a weather ship. Commissioned into the Coast Guard as USCGC Muskeget (WAG-48) on 1 July 1942, she was assigned Boston, Massachusetts, as her home port and to duty with the North Atlantic Weather Patrol. Meteorologists used weather balloons launched from her deck to gather data on pressure, winds, temperatures, and humidity to support weather forecasts in support of Allied military operations.Ruane, Michael E., "Lost at sea during WWII, weathermen to get their Purple Hearts at last," washingtonpost.com, November 18, 2015, 8:07 p.m. EST.
|
|
NWS Lincoln employs both short and long term weather forecasters who each have vital duties. The short term forecaster issues the Hazardous Weather Outlook, river forecast products and monitors thunderstorm activity as it develops. The long term forecaster plans weather forecasts up until seven days into the future, coordinates with other long term forecasters in neighboring regions and issues advisories for Winter weather and dense fog. There are also meteorologists assigned to data acquisition responsibilities, staff in this position are responsible for monitoring weather balloons, river stage observations, operation of the NOAA weather radio system and operations of the Cooperative Observer network.
|
|
Myers' husband had schooling from a scientist and developed an interest in what was known at the time as "aerial navigation": piloted flight by a person in a large balloon with a gondola basket hanging underneath. Myers and her husband invented new or improved systems for producing lighter-than-air gases and constructed hydrogen balloons that were controllable "airships". Their airships included an aërial velocipede sky- cycle, which Myers flew often, and gas weather balloons for the U.S. government. Myers and her husband patented a fabric for holding hydrogen gas in a large outdoor balloon, and from this they became designers of floating passenger balloons.
|
|
This technological infrastructure is set up from scratch within a few hours at locations that vary from state and local government Emergency Operations Centers to isolated areas without utilities of any kind. Every mode of radio communications is utilized including analog, digital, voice, data, simplex, duplex, satellites and even automated relay stations launched on aircraft and with weather balloons. For no more than 48 continuous hours, this nationwide radio communications network is exercised with the primary objective of proving the system's readiness and capabilities. Then as quickly as it was set up, the system is dismantled and stored in preparation for when it is needed.
|
|
From 1967 onwards, he maintained that for two-dimensional turbulence energy does not cascade from large scales (determined by the size of obstacles in the flow) to smaller ones, as it does in three dimensions, but instead cascades from small to large scales. This theory is called the inverse Energy Cascade, and it is especially applicable to oceanography and meteorology, since flows on the surface of the earth are approximately two-dimensional. The theory was tested and confirmed in the 1980s by data gathered from weather balloons. Also influential was a 1994 paper which presented an exactly solvable turbulence model, now called the Kraichnan model.
|
|
Among his first tasks there were purification of hydrogen, purification and catalysis of ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen and a process for using a ruthenium catalyst to produce hydrogen from liquid ammonia for the United States Air Force. As a result, the Air Force was able to easily supply hydrogen for weather balloons, since it was more efficient to ship liquid ammonia to distant locations than cylinders of gas. The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act required significant reductions in hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. The converters available at the time were oxidation catalysts, which could handle hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, but were ineffective in reducing nitrogen oxides.
|
|
Angelucci wrote the first version of his theories of matter, energy and life, The Nature of Infinite Entities in 1952, based on "research" done earlier in Trenton, including the launching of a giant cluster of weather balloons. According to Angelucci in his book The Secret of the Saucers (1955), he first encountered flying saucers and their friendly human-appearing pilots during his drives home from the aircraft plant during the summer of 1952. These superhuman space people were handsome, often transparent and highly spiritual. Eventually Angelucci was taken in an unmanned saucer to Earth orbit, where he saw a giant "mother ship" drift past a porthole.
|
|
Hewlett was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1923. In 1941, he attended Dartmouth College, but after the attack on Pearl Harbor he enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps doing work related to meteorology. With a number of other privates he attended Bowdoin College for a year, focusing on science. In June 1944, he did work relating to using radar to track weather balloons, and eventually the military sent him to Harvard University to study in the electronics school. In early 1945, he was sent to Western China as a radiosonde operator, sending meteorological information by radio to U.S. forces, which used them in planning bombing raids on Japan.
|
|
Artforum in Summer 1976 would publish a two-page feature on Mayer by Lawrence Alloway which included a reproduction of Galla Placidia, a work from that show. The work Galla Placidia was also the cover of Alan Sondheim's book Individuals: Post-Movement Art in America (1976); Mayer also contributed the essay "Two Years, March 1973 to January 1975" which discusses her fabric sculptures, to that book which included writing and poetry by various contemporary artists. Mayer showed at Monique Knowlton gallery in 1976. In the later 1970s her work grew more focused on installation and ephemeral projects, including installations incorporating weather balloons and snow in out-door projects.
|
|
On land, terrain maps available at resolutions down to globally are used to help model atmospheric circulations within regions of rugged topography, in order to better depict features such as downslope winds, mountain waves and related cloudiness that affects incoming solar radiation. The main inputs from country-based weather services are observations from devices (called radiosondes) in weather balloons that measure various atmospheric parameters and transmits them to a fixed receiver, as well as from weather satellites. The World Meteorological Organization acts to standardize the instrumentation, observing practices and timing of these observations worldwide. Stations either report hourly in METAR reports, or every six hours in SYNOP reports.
|
|
A hole in the ozone is generally classified as 220 Dobson units or lower; the Arctic hole did not approach that low level. It has since been classified as a "mini-hole." Following the ozone depletion in 1997 and 2011, a 90% drop in ozone was measured by weather balloons over the Arctic in March 2020, as they normally recorded 3.5 parts per million of ozone, compared to only around 0.3 parts per million lastly, due to cold temperatures ever recorded since 1979, and a strong polar vortex which allowed chemicals, including chlorine and bromine, to gnaw away. A rare hole, the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole, was studied in 2020.
|
|
Despite its unique program and offerings, during its first four years, the school struggled to maintain the needed student enrollment and performance results. In 2011, the school's aviation science teacher was selected by NASA for the "Explorer Schools" program, to participate in summer research experiences and professional development opportunities "based on their demonstrated innovative use of project materials and an elevated and meaningful level of project participation." That year, he participated in research projects with the agency, launching weather balloons and performing microgravity experiments. After a hearing with the Oakland City School Board in March 2011, the school's charter was not renewed, and the campus was shuttered in June 2011, graduating only 2 classes.
|
|
Thompson was co-mission scientist for NASA's 1997 DC-8 SINEX (SASS Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides Experiment) and PI for SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) which used airborne instruments such as weather balloons carrying ozonesonde packages to measure humidity, temperature and other atmospheric factors. Thompson has also conducted studies with fellow NASA scientist Bob Chatfield, to identify a wind current carrying human made pollution from Asia westward, creating areas of unusually high ozone levers far away from the true causes, these studies also use satellite and weather balloon data. Thompson is an adjunct professor of meteorology at Penn State University were she teaches several courses, mentors, and acting as a thesis advisor.
|
|
Del Rio is home to a radiosonde launching site at Del Rio International Airport, where twice-daily weather balloons are launched to take atmospheric readings - once at 1200 UTC and once at 0000 UTC. An automated weather balloon launcher, controlled remotely by the National Weather Service replaced the federally contracted employees in early 2020. An Automated Surface Weather Observing System (ASOS) is also positioned at the airport and records the official climate data for Del Rio. The National Weather Service office in New Braunfels, Texas is responsible for the forecasting and warning of weather events in the Del Rio area, but this jurisdictional boundary does not extend across the border into Mexico.
|
|
There is a long history of theodolite use in measuring winds aloft, by using specially-manufactured theodolites to track the horizontal and vertical angles of special weather balloons called ceiling balloons or pilot balloons (pibal). Early attempts at this were made in the opening years of the nineteenth century, but the instruments and procedures weren't fully developed until a hundred years later. This method was extensively used in World War II and thereafter, and was gradually replaced by radio and GPS measuring systems from the 1980s onward. The pibal theodolite uses a prism to bend the optical path by 90 degrees so the operator's eye position does not change as the elevation is changed through a complete 180 degrees.
|
|
The most famous UFO event during this period was the Roswell UFO incident, the alleged military recovery of a crashed flying disk, the story of which broke on July 8, 1947. To calm rising public concern, this and other cases were debunked by the military in succeeding days as mistaken sightings of weather balloons. Just before the Roswell story came out, the Army Air Forces in Washington issued a press statement saying they had the matter under investigation and had decided the flying discs definitely were not "secret bacteriological weapons designed by some foreign power", "new-type army rockets", or "space ships".United Press story from Washington D.C., July 8, 1947, Ted Bloecher, "Report on the UFO Wave of 1947", p.
|
|
Following shakedown in the Chesapeake Bay, Nucleus served briefly as an escort vessel to the Caribbean, then on 20 April 1944 proceeded to Boston. From Boston, she escorted a convoy to Naval Station Argentia in the Dominion of Newfoundland, arriving there on 6 May 1944. After another escort run between Boston and Argentia, she took up meteorological information collection duties in the North Atlantic Ocean. Between 10 and 24 June 1944 a platform deck for launching radiosonde gear and weather balloons was added to her silhouette to make her more effective as a weather ship. Relieved of weather duties by her sister ship on 7 October 1944, Nucleus returned to Boston, then steamed to Norfolk, Virginia, arriving there on 25 November 1944.
|
|
A hydrogen filled balloon at Cambridge Bay Upper Air station, Nunavut, Canada Weather balloons are launched around the world for observations used to diagnose current conditions as well as by human forecasters and computer models for weather forecasting. About 800NWS factsheet locations around the globe do routine releases, twice daily, usually at 0000 UTC and 1200 UTC. Some facilities will also do occasional supplementary "special" releases when meteorologists determine there is a need for additional data between the 12-hour routine launches in which time much can change in the atmosphere. Military and civilian government meteorological agencies such as the National Weather Service in the US typically launch balloons, and by international agreements almost all the data are shared with all nations.
|
|
Under the rules of the competition, the $40,000 challenge award would be granted to the first team to submit the locations of 10 moored, 8-foot, red weather balloons at 10 previously undisclosed fixed locations in the continental United States. The balloons were to be placed in readily accessible locations visible from nearby roads. The balloons were deployed at 10:00 AM Eastern Time on December 5, 2009, and scheduled to be taken down at 5:00 PM. DARPA was prepared to deploy them for a second day and wait for up to a week for a team to find all of the balloons. Part of the purpose of the challenge was to force participants to discern actual pertinent information from potential noise.
|
|
Products known to have been affected by the 2019 rollover include Honeywell's flight management and navigation software that caused delays for a KLM flight and cancellations for numerous flights in China because the technicians failed to patch the software. Furthermore, the New York City Wireless Network (NYCWiN) crashed. Other products that were affected by the rollover include cellphones that were sold in 2013 or earlier, Australian Bureau of Meteorology's weather balloons, NOAA's weather buoys, many scientific instruments, and consumer GPS navigation devices. Prior to return to normal standard time from daylight saving time during the morning of November 3, 2019, Apple issued a warning to owners of iPhone and iPad, which were sold before 2012, that these Apple products could lose internet.
|
|
Black Brant XII being launched from Wallops Flight Facility. A sounding rocket or rocketsonde, sometimes called a research rocket, is an instrument- carrying rocket designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. The rockets are used to carry instruments from 48 to 145 km (30 to 90 miles)nasa.gov NASA Sounding Rocket Program Handbook, June 2005, p. 1 above the surface of the Earth, the altitude generally between weather balloons and satellites; the maximum altitude for balloons is about 40 km (25 miles) and the minimum for satellites is approximately 121 km (75 miles). Certain sounding rockets have an apogee between 1,000 and 1,500 km (620 and 930 miles), such as the Black Brant X and XII, which is the maximum apogee of their class.
|
|
The Mk. III's longest lasting use was for meteorological measurements of winds aloft by tracking radar reflectors hung from weather balloons. To measure speed, a stopwatch was mounted near the range display and readings were made every minute. As the balloons often blew out of the radar's nominal 32,000 yard range, these versions were equipped with a Range Extender device. This was a monostable multivibrator, known as a One-Shot or Kipp Relay, that triggered the coarse time base, offsetting its starting point so it did not trigger immediately after the transmission, but a selected time after that. The Extender had settings for 30,000 or 60,000 yards, so the system could track the balloons in three general windows, 0 to 32,000 yards, 30,000 to 62,000, and 60,000 to 92,000.
|
|
The data were then fed into computers and subjected to the laws of physics, enabling forecasts of how turbulence, water, heat, and other factors interacted to produce weather patterns. (Smagorinsky endeared himself to his children by visiting their elementary school classrooms to demonstrate how weather balloons worked.) In his doctoral dissertation, conducted at NYU under the direction of Bernhard Haurwitz, Smagorinsky developed a new theory for how heat sources and sinks in mid-latitudes, created by the thermal contrast between land and oceans, disturbed the path of the jet stream. This theory provided one of the first applications of Jule Charney's remarkable simplification of the equations of motion for the atmosphere, now known as quasi-geostrophic theory. This work benefited greatly from interactions with Charney at the Institute for Advanced Study.
|
|
Dunning concluded that the Hills' "inventive tale from the mind of a lifelong UFO fanatic ... is unsupported by any useful evidence, and is perfectly consistent with the purely natural explanation." He added that a timeline analysis of the two Air Force radar sightings from that night in the Project Blue Book record shows that neither correlated with the Hills' story. The Air Force concluded that both targets were probably weather balloons. An alien (played by actor John Hoyt) depicted on television twelve days before the making of Hill's "Grey" hypnosis tape. In his 1990 article "Entirely Unpredisposed," Martin Kottmeyer suggested that Barney's memories revealed under hypnosis might have been influenced by an episode of the science fiction television show The Outer Limits titled "The Bellero Shield" which was broadcast about two weeks before Barney's first hypnotic session.
|
|
To simulate lunar surface gravity, weather balloons filled with helium were attached to the backs of the actors playing the astronauts in the lunar extravehicular activity scenes, effectively reducing their Earth-bound weights to one-sixth. The score of "Spider" prominently features an imitation of the main title theme from the 1963 World War II movie The Great Escape, and Tom Kelly jokes about having a crew digging a tunnel out of the Grumman plant. The episode also featured a real Apollo Lunar Module (LM-13), which had been built for the Apollo 18 mission but was never used due to budget cuts. Blythe Danner, who narrated the final episode, had previously worked on location at the Johnson Space Center for the 1976 movie Futureworld, filmed in the same buildings where Apollo moonwalkers had recently trained.
|
|
Two years after its release, BYTE Magazine retrospectively concluded that the PC had succeeded both because of its features - an 80-column screen, open architecture, and high-quality keyboard - and the failure of other computer manufacturers to achieve these features first: > "In retrospect, it seems IBM stepped into a void that remained, > paradoxically, at the center of a crowded market". Creative Computing that year named the PC the best desktop computer between $2000 and $4000, praising its vast hardware and software selection, manufacturer support, and resale value. Many IBM PCs remained in service long after their technology became largely obsolete. For instance, as of June 2006 (23-25 years after release) IBM PC and XT models were still in use at the majority of U.S. National Weather Service upper-air observing sites, processing data returned from radiosonde attached to weather balloons.
|
|
At the Met Office it is used for the main suite of Global Model, North Atlantic and Europe model (NAE) and a high-resolution UK model (UKV), in addition to a variety of Crisis Area Models and other models that can be run on demand. Similar Unified Model suites with global and regional domains are used by many other national or military weather agencies around the world for operational forecasting. Data for numerical weather prediction is provided by observations from satellites, from the ground (both human and from automatic weather stations), from buoys at sea, radar, radiosonde weather balloons, wind profilers, commercial aircraft and a background field from previous model runs. The computer model is only adjusted towards the observations using assimilation, rather than forcing the model to accept an observed value that might make the system unstable (and could be an inaccurate observation).
|
|
Davidson moved to New York in 1979, and exhibited in solo shows at Haber Theodore Gallery in New York in 1981, and Marianne Deson in Chicago in ’81, '83 and ’85. During the mid-to-late eighties, she began a series of sculptural investigations into the feminized body as theater. The artist later described, “I was still interested in minimal forms, but I began to sense a need to communicate with the viewer more. And it seemed to me minimal forms purposely distanced themselves from that kind of communication.” After 1992 Davidson refocused her work with sculpture, using inflated weather balloons to challenge the notions of contemporary monumental sculpture while simultaneously repurposing comedic tropes of bodily mass, fleshiness and beauty. These enormous inflatable sculptures fill galleries beyond capacity as physical, “breathing” embodiments of sensuality and brazen confidence taken to its absurd limits. In 1999-2000 The Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia exhibited Davidson’s installations and sculptures in the exhibition Breathless.,. The artist’s first video, eponymously named Breathless, was made as part of the immersive media for this show.
|
|