Nottinghamshire Wapentakes in 1832 This article describes the history of Nottinghamshire.
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At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, Agbrigg and Morley were separate wapentakes. For example, Methley was in AgbriggOpen Domesday Online: Methley while Rothwell was in Morley.Open Domesday Online: Rothwell The wapentakes were probably combined by the 13th century when similar administrative reforms occurred elsewhere in England. It was kept in two divisions, which in the mid-nineteenth century again became wapentakes in their own right.
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1868–1885: In the Parts of Lindsey, the Wapentakes, Hundreds, or Sokes of Well, Lawress, Wraggoe, Gartree, Candleshoe, Calceworth (except so much as lies within the Hundred of Louth Eske), Hill, Bolingbroke, Horncastle, and in the Parts of Kesteven, the Wapentakes, Hundreds, or Sokes of Boothby Graffoe, and Langoe, and Lincoln Liberty.
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Wapentakes of the East Riding of Yorkshire. Ouse and Derwent is marked 1. Ouse and Derwent was a wapentake of the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, England consisting of the westerly part of the county, between the River Ouse and the River Derwent. Established in medieval times, it ceased to have much significance in the 19th century when the wapentakes were superseded by other administrative divisions for most local government purposes.
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The village belonged to the historical wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo after the mergers of wapentakes that occurred in the 11th–13th centuries.Vision of Britain: Retrieved 16 March 2012.
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Wapentakes of the East Riding of Yorkshire. North Division is marked 9, Middle Division is marked 11 and South Division is marked 12. Holderness was a wapentake of the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, England consisting of the south-easterly part of the county. Established in medieval times, it ceased to have much significance in the 19th century when the wapentakes were superseded by other administrative divisions for most local government purposes.
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Wapentakes of the East Riding of Yorkshire. Buckrose is marked 2. Buckrose was a wapentake of the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, England consisting of the north-west part of the county; its territory is now partly in the modern East Riding and partly in North Yorkshire. Established in medieval times, it ceased to have much significance in the 19th century when the wapentakes were succeeded by other administrative divisions for most local government purposes.
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Wapentakes were found in the Danelaw, most notably the wapentakes of Yorkshire. In the 12th century, the wapentake (or "Earldom") of Sadberge was a liberty of the county of Northumberland. In 1139, Northumberland and its liberties were given to the kingdom of Scotland by England's King Stephen. It was reclaimed in 1157 by Henry II. In 1189 Hugh de Puiset, the Bishop of Durham, purchased the manor and wapentake of Sadberge from Richard I for £11,000.
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1832–1868: The Parts of Kesteven and Holland. 1868–1885: The Wapentakes, Hundreds, or Sokes of Loveden, Flaxwell, Aswardburn, Winnibriggs and Threo, Aveland, Beltisloe, Ness, Grantham Soke, Skirbeck, Kirton and Holland Elloe.
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Wapentakes of the East Riding of Yorkshire. Bainton Beacon Division is marked 7, Holme Beacon Division is marked 4 Hunsley Beacon Division is marked 6 and Wilton Beacon Division is marked 3. Harthill was a wapentake of the historic East Riding of Yorkshire, England consisting of the central part of the county. Established in medieval times, it ceased to have much significance in the 19th century when the wapentakes were superseded by other administrative divisions for most local government purposes.
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112), section 1. The Reform Act 1867, as amended by the Boundary Act 1868, re-defined the constituency (as it existed between 1868 and 1885) as the wapentakes of Agbrigg, Strafforth and Tickhill and Staincross.
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Birdforth was also the name of one of the wapentakes, or subdivisions, of the North Riding of Yorkshire, which covered the area around the village. A school was built in 1875, but closed in 1961.
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As one of the south-easternmost Brittonic regions for which there is reasonably substantial evidence, Elmet is notable for having survived relatively late in the period of Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. The term was used in medieval times as an affix to place names in the West of the old Barkston Ash and East of the old Skyrack wapentakes (between Leeds and Selby) including Burton Salmon, Sutton (east of Castleford), Micklefield, Sherburn in Elmet, Kirkby Wharfe, Saxton, Clifford and Barwick in Elmet. In the Tribal Hidage the extent of Elmet is described as 600 hides of land, an area slightly more than the total of the wapentakes of Barkston Ash and Skyrack. Some have concluded that those two wapentakes approximately represented the area of Elmet, although a hide is not a true measure of land area.
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Wapentakes of the West Riding. The Upper Division labelled 8 on the map, and the Lower Division is labelled 4. Claro was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was split into two divisions.
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1832–1868: The Parts of Lindsey (see Parts of Lincolnshire). 1868–1885: The Wapentakes, Hundreds, or Sokes of Manley, Yarborough, Bradley Haverstoe, Ludborough, Walshcroft, Aslacoe, Corringham, Louth Eske, and Calceworth, so much as lies within Louth Eske.
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Wapentakes of the East Riding of Yorkshire. Dickering is marked 8. Dickering was a wapentake (which is an administrative division) of the historic county called East Riding of Yorkshire in England, consisting of the north-east part of that county, including the towns of Bridlington and Filey; its territory is now partly in the modern East Riding and partly in North Yorkshire. Established in medieval times, it ceased to have much significance in the 19th century when the wapentakes were superseded by other administrative divisions for most local government purposes.
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Nocton village sign on Main Street Historically Nocton fell within the Langoe Wapentake of Kesteven"Nocton and Dunston Walks"; North Kesteven District Council, (archive). Retrieved 1 July 2012 until the wapentakes were abolished by the Local Government Act of 1888.
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Staincross was named after the village of Staincross and also included the parishes of Cawthorne, Darton, Felkirk, Hemsworth, High Hoyland, Penistone, Royston, Silkstone (including Barnsley) and Tankersley and parts of Darfield, and Wragby. Of the nine wapentakes in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Staincross typically had the lowest population density, which was recorded in 1867 as 27,089. The original meeting place of the wapentake is believed to have been in, or near, to the village of Staincross, similar to the wapentakes at Ewcross and Osgoldcross. The name derives from the Old Norse of stein- kross, literally, stone cross.
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Wapentakes of the West Riding. Agbrigg is labelled 11 on the map, and Morley is labelled 6. Agbrigg and Morley was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The main purpose of the wapentake was the administration of justice by a local court.
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Wapentakes of the West Riding. The Upper Division labelled 7 on the map, and the Lower Division is labelled 9. Skyrack was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was split into upper and lower divisions and centred in Headingley, Leeds.
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Wapentakes of the West Riding, England. Ewecross is labelled 1 on the map. The historical area of Ewecross or Ewcross is a district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.Genuki It included the parishes of Bentham, Clapham, Horton in Ribblesdale and Sedbergh and parts of Thornton in Lonsdale.
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Two volumes. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1898 reprinted 1968) 2nd edition, and , Volume I, Chapter 1. Below the level of the shire, each county was divided into areas known as hundreds (or wapentakes in the north of England). These were originally groups of families rather than geographical areas.
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Wapentakes of the West Riding. Osgoldcross is labelled 13 on the map. Osgoldcross was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It included the parishes of Adlingfleet, Badsworth, Burghwallis, Campsall, Castleford, Darrington, Kellington, South Kirkby, Owston, Pontefract, Whitgift, Womersley, Ferry Fryston and parts of Featherstone, Snaith and Wragby.
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The ancient county of Yorkshire had three ridings,About Yorkshire – The Yorkshire Ridings. URL accessed 21 April 2007. North, West and East, originally each subdivided into wapentakes which were created by the Vikings. Note that the bounds of the City of York lay outwith all the Ridings, to emphasise its political impartiality.
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Claro wapentake is exceptional because it is one of the few hundreds or wapentakes to have divisions with exclaves. The historic reasons for the situation are obscure but are likely based on patterns of settlement and transportation. The area of the wapentake now falls almost entirely within the district of Harrogate in North Yorkshire.
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The Reform Act 1867, as amended by the Boundary Act 1868, defined the constituency as the wapentakes of Claro, Skyrack, Barkston Ash and Osgoldcross with the part of Morley not in the Northern division. Skyrack is the wapentake centred on Leeds. The other areas included a number of small towns and the surrounding rural parishes.
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The term ward was used in a similar manner in the four northern counties of Cumberland, Durham, Northumberland and Westmorland. William White, writing in 1882, described the wapentakes as "now of little practical value". Their potential functions had been taken over piecemeal by other units such as electoral districts, Poor-Law unions and so on.
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Wapentakes of the West Riding. The East Division labelled 3 on the map, and the West Division is labelled 2. Staincliffe, also known as Staincliff, was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The wapentake was named from a place called Staincliffe, now lost, in Bank Newton, not to be confused with Staincliffe near Dewsbury.
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Leicestershire was recorded in the Domesday Book in four wapentakes: Guthlaxton, Framland, Goscote and Gartree. These later became hundreds, with the division of Goscote into West Goscote and East Goscote, and the addition of Sparkenhoe hundred. In 1087, the first recorded use of the name was as Lægrecastrescir. Leicestershire's external boundaries have changed little since the Domesday Survey.
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The West Riding of Lindsey was a division of the Lindsey part of Lincolnshire in England. It consisted of the north western part of the county, and included the Isle of Axholme and the Aslacoe, Corringham, Manley, Lawress and Well wapentakes. The meeting place of the riding was Spital-in-the-Street.Alan Vince, Pre-Viking Lindsey, p.
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The place of election was initially at Leeds (1861 Act), later at Bradford (1868 Act). From 1865 to 1868 the constituency comprised the north half of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The Birkenhead Enfranchisement Act 1861 provided that it was to contain the wapentakes of Staincliffe and Ewecross, Claro, Skyrack, and Morley.Birkenhead Enfranchisement Act 1861 (c.
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Yorkshire in 1832 Yorkshire has three Ridings, \- Riding is taken from the Old Norse thrithjung meaning thirdings one third of an equally important area. East, North and West. Each of these was divided into wapentakes, analogous to hundreds. The Ainsty wapentake, first associated with the West Riding, became associated in the fifteenth century with the City of York, outside the Riding system.
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Leicestershire was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as a city within the wapentake of Guthlaxton.Open Domesday: Leicester, accessed May 2020. when there were four wapentakes completely in Leicestershire: Guthlaxton, Framland, Goscote and Gartree. These later became hundreds, with the division of Goscote into West Goscote and East Goscote, and the addition of Sparkenhoe hundred from a partition of Guthlaxton.
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These were run by pupil House Captains and their deputies until 1973, when staff took over their organisation.Edmonds and Venn 1977, pp. 100–101 As of 2015, pupils are allocated into one of four houses upon arrival at KSHSSA: Aveland, Flaxwell, Loveden and Winnibrig (named after wapentakes); inter-house competitions are run each year, ranging from academic events to Sports Day.
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Most English counties were subdivided into smaller subdivisions called hundreds. Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire were divided into wapentakes (a unit of Danish origin), while Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland were divided into wards, areas originally organised for military purposes, each centred on a castle.W. L. Warren, The Myth of Norman Administrative Efficiency: The Prothero Lecture in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Ser., Vol. 34.
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The ward of Cumberland was one of the ancient divisions of the historic county of Cumberland, England. In most other counties these divisions were called hundreds or Wapentakes. The ward included Carlisle and Wigton and took in parts of Inglewood Forest. It was bounded on the north and east by Eskdale Ward, on the south by Leath Ward and the west by Allerdale-below-Derwent Ward.
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Wapentakes of the West Riding. Barkston Ash is labelled 10 on the map. Barkston Ash was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, named after the meeting-place at the village of Barkston. It included the parishes of Birkin, Bramham cum Oglethorpe, Brayton, Drax, Kirk Fenton, Ledsham, Monk Fryston, Saxton with Scarthingwell and Sherburn-in-Elmet and parts of Brotherton, Kirkby Wharfe, Ryther, Snaith and Tadcaster.
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277 In England a wapentake was the division of a shire for administrative, military and judicial purposes under the common law.Vision of Britain. The term wapentake is of Scandinavian origin and meant the taking of weapons; it later signified the clash of arms by which the people assembled in a local court expressed assent. Danish influence was strong in those English counties where wapentakes existed.
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Wapentakes of the East Riding of Yorkshire. Howdenshire is marked 5. Howdenshire was a wapentake and a liberty of England, lying around the town of Howden in the East Riding of Yorkshire. In the Saxon period, the district was under the control of Peterborough's monastery, but it was confiscated by Edward the Confessor, and then given to the Bishop of Durham by William I of England.
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Sign at the crossroads in Leeming Bar. This is on Roman Road, the original A1 road Hang EastSometimes referred to as East Hang. was a Wapentake (Hundred), which is an administrative division (or ancient district), in the historic county of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was one of the smaller wapentakes by area and consisted of nine parishes and two towns; Bedale and Masham.
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Hang East was divided up into nine parishes; Bedale, Catterick, Hornby, Kirkby Fleetham, Masham, Patrick Brompton, Scruton, Thornton Watlass and Well. It was bordered to the south by Claro Wapentake and to the east by HallikeldThe spelling of this Wapentake varies between Halikeld and Hallikeld. and Gilling East Wapentakes. To the north lay Richmond and Gilling West Wapentake with Hang West on its western edge.
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 11 April 1964. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth).
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 2 April 1955. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth).
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 5 March 1952. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth).
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 15 April 1961. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth).
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 6 March 1937. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth).
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The four most northerly ancient counties of England – Cumberland, Westmorland, County Durham and Northumberland – were historically divided into administrative units called wards instead of hundreds or wapentakes, as in other counties. Wards were areas originally organised for military purposes, each centred on a castle.W. L. Warren, The Myth of Norman Administrative Efficiency: The Prothero Lecture in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Ser., Vol. 34.
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Above the wainscoting runs a frieze, painted on boards, displaying the arms of the gentlemen of Yorkshire. They are arranged in twenty-one Wapentakes. To each Wapentake is given a tree and the coats of all gentlemen then living in that district are hung on its branches. Sir William carried on his heraldic decoration in the painted glass, which is the finest part of the Great Chamber.
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Candleby appears in the Domesday Book as "Calnodesbi", in the Wapentake of Candleshoe. Although wapentakes were abandoned as local government units in the 1890s, the Candleshoe name lives on as the local Deanery. Gunby Hall was built around 1700 for Sir William, 3rd Baronet Massingberd, and was the former seat of the Massingberd family. The last in residence was Field Marshal Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd.
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Guthlaxton is an ancient hundred of Leicestershire. Its jurisdiction was in the south of the county, and covered Lutterworth and Wigston Magna. At the time of the Domesday Book, it was one of Leicestershire's four wapentakes, and covered a much larger area,Open Domesday: Guthlaxton Wapentake, accessed March 2020. Domesday Map: Guthlaxton including Market Bosworth and Hinckley, which would later be made part of the Sparkenhoe hundred.
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England was divided into shires or counties, which were further divided into either hundreds or wapentakes. Each shire was administered by a royal official called a sheriff, who roughly had the same status as a Norman viscount. A sheriff was responsible for royal justice and collecting royal revenue. To oversee his expanded domain, William was forced to travel even more than he had as duke.
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 9 April 1949. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth). Retrieved 21 April 2015.
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Some of the minster churches survived the plundering and eventually the Danish leaders were converted to Christianity. In the late 9th century Jorvik was ruled by the Christian king Guthfrith. It was under the Danes that the ridings and wapentakes of Yorkshire and the Five Burghs were established. The ridings were arranged so that their boundaries met at Jorvik, which was the administrative and commercial centre of the region.
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The name probably originates from the Old French ', meaning "sloe", via Middle English '. Wild plums were formerly given the related name "bullies" in parts of Lincolnshire.Peacock, E. A glossary of words used in the wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Lincolnshire, English Dialect Society, 1889, p.79 They were also known as the "bullum-tree" in Cornwall; "bullison" in Wiltshire; "scad" in Sussex; and as the "wild damson" in Yorkshire.
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Trollope was particularly interested in architecture and antiquities. He became a member of the Lincolnshire Diocesan Architectural Society in 1855, and became its editorial secretary in 1857 and its Chairman in 1867. He was an active writer and researcher with several books and many articles published. He is now mainly remembered as the author of Sleaford and the Wapentakes of Flaxwell and Aswardhurn in the County of Lincoln (1872).
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 2 March 1946. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth). Retrieved 21 April 2015.
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Between 921 and 1888, the administrative significance of the wapentake was reduced by many small steps. The first was as a result of the invasion of England by Swein in 1013. The Kesteven people supported it so that, when order was restored, the shire of Lincoln was set up and given powers over the wapentakes. Subsequently, piecemeal, privileges were given to lords of the manors in Aveland so that it became progressively less significant.
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. The fifth set of elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Thursday, 7 March 1901. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth). Retrieved 21 April 2015.
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They divided the area into wapentakes and Wakefield was part of the Wapentake of Agbrigg. The settlement grew near a crossing place on the River Calder around three roads, Westgate, Northgate and Kirkgate. The "gate" suffix derives from Old Norse ' meaning road and kirk, from ' indicates there was a church. Before 1066 the manor of Wakefield belonged to Edward the Confessor and it passed to William the Conqueror after the Battle of Hastings.
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. The third set of elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Thursday, 7 March 1895. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth). Retrieved 21 April 2015.
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. The third set of elections to Kesteven County Council were held in March 1898. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth). Retrieved 21 April 2015.
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. The first elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Thursday, 17 January 1889. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth). Retrieved 21 April 2015.
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The administrative county of Kesteven (1889–1974), shown within England. The second set of elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Thursday, 3 March 1892. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo."Kesteven, Lincolnshire", A Vision of Britain (University of Portsmouth). Retrieved 21 April 2015.
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W. Blackstone, COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF ENGLAND 339, 343 (1541) The office of sheriff is still important in some Anglophone countries (e.g. the USA), but now a ceremonial role in England. Below the level of the shire, the Anglo-Saxon system was very different from the later systems of local government. The shire was divided into an unlimited number of hundreds (or wapentakes in the Danelaw counties of Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland and Lincolnshire).
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The Ainsty covered a few square miles situated to the west of York. It was bounded by three rivers: the Nidd to the north; the Ouse to the east and the Wharfe to the south. The Ainsty was unique among the wapentakes of Yorkshire in that it was not formally included in any Ridings from 1449 until 1836. The Ainsty is now divided between the City of York, the Borough of Harrogate and Selby District, all in North Yorkshire.
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Catterick was a large ancient parish, extending into three wapentakes (Hang East, Hang West and Gilling West) of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It included the townships of Appleton, Bolton upon Swale, Brough, Colburn, Ellerton upon Swale, Hipswell, Hudswell, Killerby, Kiplin, Scorton, Scotton, Uckerby and Whitwell. All these places became separate civil parishes in 1866. In 1914 Catterick Camp (later Catterick Garrison) was established west of the village, in the ancient parish of Catterick but in the civil parishes of Hipswell and Scotton.
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As a part of the Germanic world, thing sites were also found in the British Isles. In England, there is Thingwall on the Wirral. In the Yorkshire and former Danelaw areas of England, wapentakes—another name for the same institution—were used in public records. Several places ending in the -by ('village') place name suffix originally possessed their own laws, by-laws, and jurisdiction subject to the wapentake in which they served, which often extended over a surrounding ground called a thorpe ("hamlet").
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In 1734, Weaver printed Proposals for making and publishing for Subscription an actual Survey of the County of Lincoln. The project was started but unfinished, with only a map and measurements of certain roads and bearings between places remaining. A correspondent to The Gentleman's Magazine, after examining the project in Weaver's effects, described him as "a noted Astrologer, Almanack-maker, Quack Doctor, Land Surveyor". The proposed survey of Lincolnshire would include all wapentakes, churches, chapels, religious houses, chaces and parks, notable houses, castles, and nobility.
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At the time of the Norman Conquest it was the Fee of Gillingshire, held by Edwin, Earl of Mercia. Gillingshire was made up of the Borough of Richmond and five wapentakes of Gilling West, Gilling East, Hang West, Hang East and Hallikeld. After the Harrying of the North, the land became capital of the Duchy of Brittany's Honour of Richmond (first as a barony, then an earldom and later a dukedom). The Honour of Richmond was one of the three largest lordships created by William the Conqueror.
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The subdivision of Yorkshire into three ridings or "thirds" () is of Scandinavian origin. The West Riding was first recorded (in the form West Treding) in the Domesday Book of 1086. Unlike most English counties, Yorkshire, being so large, was divided first into the three ridings (East, North and West) and, later, the city of York (which lay within the city walls and was not part of any riding). Each riding was then divided into wapentakes, a division comparable to the hundreds of Southern England and the wards of England's four northernmost historic counties.
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Originally located in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the entire area within Staincross Wapentake now occupies South Yorkshire. The original boundaries nestled against the wapentakes of Agbrigg to the north, Osgoldcross to the east and Strafforth to the south and south east. On the western edge, the wapentake bordered the Hamestan Hundred of Cheshire. It was estimated to have covered an area of , although, according to Domesday records, a smaller portion, geographically removed from the rest of the wapentake, was located at the village of Adlingfleet where the rivers Ouse and Trent converge.
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Historically Otley was a market-town and the centre of a large ecclesiastical parish in the wapentakes of Skyrack and Claro in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The various chapelries and townships in the ancient parish became separate civil parishes in 1866.Vision of Britain website The local authority was the lord of the manor until 1864 when Otley Board was formed and many public buildings date from then on. From 1894 Otley formed an Urban District, and in 1897 and 1903 expanded north of the River Wharfe to include Newall.
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Buckrose consisted of the parishes of Acklam, Birdsall, Bugthorpe, Burythorpe, Cowlam, Fridaythorpe, Helperthorpe, Heslerton, Kirby Grindalythe, Kirby Underdale, Langton, North Grimston, Norton, Rillington, Scrayingham, Settrington, Sherburn, Skirpenbeck, Sledmere, Thorpe Bassett, Weaverthorpe, Westow, Wetwang, Wharram-le-Street, Wharram Percy, Wintringham and Yedingham. The only town in the wapentake was Norton. Buckrose gave its name to a parliamentary constituency which existed from 1885 to 1950; however, the Buckrose constituency extended well beyond the boundaries of the wapentake, and in fact took most of its electorate from towns in the neighbouring Dickering and Harthill wapentakes.
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The section after the waterfall down to the bridge under the road to Wilsden, is locally referred to as 'The Hidden Valley.' Mapping lists Harden Beck as starting where Hallas Beck and Cow House Beck meet, but documents from Bradford Council and the Yorkshire Invasive Species Forum list the beck as starting at the dam head from Hewenden reservoir In his book, Chronicles of Old Bingley, Harry Speight says that the Beck does start at the confluence of Hallas and Cow House Becks and that Harden Beck was a dividing line in the parishes, deaneries and the Wapentakes.
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The Willoughby family continued to manage the hall until 1925 until which the property was sold to Alderman G. E. Taylor. After Taylor's death in 1965, the hall fell into disrepair and was eventually demolished in 1968 and replaced with a number of detached houses. Broxtowe Hall painting, 1833 Until its demolition in 1937, Broxtowe Hall was situated on the present day site of Broxtowe Lane. Broxtowe takes its name from Brocul, who in ancient times was the holder of the "stoe," or place, and it was made one of the six wapentakes of Nottinghamshire when King Alfred divided England into its present counties.
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In Yorkshire a Norse wapentake usually replaced several Anglo-Saxon hundreds. This process was complete by 1086 in the North and West Ridings, but continued in the East Riding until the mid 12th century. In some counties, such as Leicestershire, the wapentakes recorded at the time of Domesday Book evolved into hundreds later on. In others, such as Lincolnshire, the term remained in use.. Although no longer part of local government, there is some correspondence between the rural deanery and the former wapentake or hundred, especially in the East Midlands, the Archdeaconry of Buckingham and the Diocese of York (see, for example, Beltisloe or Loveden).
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In Norman times, the county developed malting and woollen industries. During the industrial revolution, the county held much needed minerals such as coal and iron ore, and had constructed some of the first experimental waggonways in the world; an example of this is the Wollaton wagonway of 1603–1616, which transported minerals from bell pitt mining areas at Strelley and Bilborough, this led to canals and railways being constructed in the county, and the lace and cotton industries grew. In the 18th and 19th centuries, mechanised deeper collieries opened, and mining became an important economic sector, though these declined after the 1984–85 miners' strike. Until 1610, Nottinghamshire was divided into eight Wapentakes.
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Leeds parish is thought to have developed from a large British multiple estate which, under subsequent Anglo-Saxon occupation was further sub divided into smaller land holdings. The ancient estate straddled the wapentakes of Morley Open Domesday Online: Morley Wapentake and Skyrack, Open Domesday Online: Skyrack Wapentake encompassing Leeds, Headingley, Allerton, Gipton, Bramley, Armley, Farnley, Beeston and Ristone (Wortley). Leeds parish in Skyrack was the most important of these holdings. Leeds was then further sub divided so that when the first dependable historical record about Leeds (as "Ledes") was written in the Domesday book of 1086, it was recorded as having comprised seven small manors in the days of Edward the Confessor.
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Holland sign on display at the Museum of Lincolnshire Life with the Latin motto (Work is its own reward) Parts of Holland was one of the three medieval divisions or 'Parts' of Lincolnshire (the other two being Lindsey and Kesteven) which had long had separate county administrations (quarter sessions). Under the Local Government Act 1888 it obtained a county council, which it retained until 1974. At that point the three county councils were abolished and Lincolnshire (minus the northern part of Lindsey, which formed part of Humberside) had a single county council for the first time. Before the changes of 1888, Holland had, since probably the tenth century, been divided into the three wapentakes of Elloe, Kirton and Skirbeck.
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East Riding of Yorkshire boundaries – historic riding (light pink and blue), ceremonial county (light pink and darker pink) The administrative division of the East Riding of Yorkshire originated in antiquity. Unlike most counties in Great Britain, which were divided anciently into hundreds, Yorkshire was divided first into three ridings and then into numerous wapentakes within each riding. The separate Lieutenancy for the riding was established after the Restoration, and the ridings each had separate Quarter Sessions. For statistical purposes in the 19th century an East Riding of Yorkshire registration county was designated, consisting of the entirety of the Poor Law Unions of Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden, Hull, Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh and York.
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Headed by an Earl, it was composed of local magnates, both secular and spiritual, who sat in council for the shire; also present was the county sheriff, or shire-reeve, who served as the king's representative. It appears courts were headed by the local bishop, who determined the result, while the sheriff ensured it was carried out. Most legal issues, including theft or murder, were managed by tithing and hundred courts in the south, or wapentakes in the northern shires. The shire court primarily dealt with civil issues, such as land disputes, and met at least twice a year, acting as a Court of Appeal; an issue had to have been rejected three times by a hundred court before it was passed up to the shire court.
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The counties of England in 1086 The first mention of the shire of Nottingham occurs in 1016, when it was harried by Canute. The boundaries have remained practically unaltered since the time of the Domesday Survey from 1086, and the eight Domesday wapentakes were unchanged in 1610; in 1719 they had been reduced to six, their present number, Oswaldbeck being absorbed in Bassetlaw, of which it forms the North Clay division, and Lythe in Thurgarton. Nottinghamshire was originally included in the diocese and province of York, and in 1291 formed an archdeaconry, comprising the deaneries of Nottingham, Newark, Bingham and Retford. By act of Parliament of 1836 the county was transferred to the diocese of Lincoln and province of Canterbury, with the additional deanery of Southwell.
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Remembering that large areas of the county were laid to waste during the so-called Harrying of the North, and are recorded as such in the Domesday Survey, Pilsbury Castle, on the west bank of the River Dove, was probably built to protect his holdings in the wapentake of Hamston. Meanwhile Duffield Castle commanded an important crossing over the River Derwent and oversaw the parts of the wapentakes of Litchurch and Morleyston, to the west of the river, and that part of his lands that would become the Frith.Turbutt, G., (1999) A History of Derbyshire. Volume 2: Medieval Derbyshire, Cardiff: Merton Priory Press Much of the estate was granted to Knights who served under him, among them being the Curzons of Kedleston Hall.
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In 1066, this owner was Ernui who was said to have six carucates of land at Brerelia and Hindelia, valued at forty shillings. (A carucate was as much land as could be ploughed in one year by one plough and eight oxen. An acre was as much land as could be ploughed in one day by one plough and a pair of oxen.)Brereley - A History of Brierley, by M. R. Watson & M. Harrison, First Edition 1975, Reprinted 1976, Anchor Press, Barnsley Road, Cudworth This land was given after the Norman conquest to Airic who was given the whole of Staincross wapentake by Ilbert de Lacey, the Norman of Pontefract. All of Yorkshire was divided into wapentakes, Staincross being the one for Barnsley area.
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The village grew in a linear form along the main road sloping upwards to the north. It is characteristic, that to the front the buildings are separated by a broad grass verge to the main road and the backs of the properties are associated with the adjoining long plots that are accessed via a back lane. A triangular street formation divides High Borrowby from Low Borrowby and acts as a village green and centre with a public house, (The Wheatsheaf Inn), village hall and church. On the village green is an old cross which is said to have marked the border between Borrowby and the town of Gueldable, (and the two Wapentakes of Allerton and Birdforth) at a time when both townships were completely intermixed.
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The wapentake was the rough equivalent in the Danelaw of the Anglo-Saxon hundred. The word is possibly derived from a meeting place, usually at a crossroads or by a river, where one's presence or vote was taken by the brandishing of weapons. According to some authorities, weapons were not brandished during a Norse assembly (known as a thing) but were allowed to be taken up again after the assembly had finished. It is also possible that it was just citizens who were entitled to possess weapons who were allowed to take part—an idea perhaps suggested by references in the Germania of Tacitus or current practice in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden.. The Danelaw counties of Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland and Lincolnshire were divided into wapentakes, just as most of the remainder of England was divided into hundreds.
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William Firby was an early 21st Century Labour Party (UK) Councillor for Deerness Valley in County Durham. There was a James Edmund Firby, solicitor, who ran for office in the South Ward of Hartlepool elections of 1924. The presence of Firby toponymy paralleling the outline of all three wapentake groups, with Firby near Bedale in Hang, Firby Court near Richmond in Gilling, and Firby Lane in Ripon not very far from Hallikeld, would make for a roughly even distribution of the Firby place name throughout the five wapentakes of Richmondshire. Not only that, but the area of Grimston is adjacent to the Domesday estates of Count Alan (and Lord FitzAlan of Bedale's as well) near the City of York, so the history of the Firby family relatively coincides with that of the Honour of Richmond within Yorkshire.
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They join together at Shafton. Weetshaw Lane was the northern limb and the Barnsley-Pontefract road the southern limb. Weetshaw lane takes its name from the Weetshaw, a wooded area that bordered the North Field and may also have bordered a farm associated with the early settlement identified by archaeologists in Shafton High Street. The archaeological reports from the preparatory work for the Cudworth-West Green by-pass indicated possible timber pole holes for cattle stockades and houses. Weetshaw is a compound Anglo-Saxon word from the words wēt scægaThe place-names of the West Riding of Yorkshire: part one: Lower and Upper Strafforth and Staincross Wapentakes, A H Smith 1961, English place-names society, 30 wet copse,A concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, J. R. Clark Hall (1894), fourth edition, Cambridge University Press, 1960 bordering the dike that runs across the northern boundary of Cudworth.
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