I watched lieutenants lead their men through wadis on television and wanted to be like them.
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In Afghanistan, camping out in wadis in desert camouflage, he was reading "The Heart of the Antarctic".
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Then, flash floods turned sandy ground to sludge and burst the wadis so only their newly deployed tracked fighting vehicles could cross.
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Their raw sewage is tossed into cesspits — unlined holes in the ground — that let the liquid seep into the groundwater and the solids collect, to then be dumped into wadis.
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The few wadis (dried up streams) of the Lajat are generally shallow and broad. Even fewer than the wadis are deep fissures that form caves or reservoirs.
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Malta does not have any permanent rivers, but does have numerous wadis (Wied in Maltese), which is an either permanently or intermittently dry riverbed. This is a list of wadis, and their accompanying valleys in Malta, arranged by locality. Wadis or valleys that cross more than one locality are listed in all that they cross.
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Wadis are generally dry year round, except after a rain. The desert environment is characterized by sudden but infrequent heavy rainfall, often resulting in flash floods. Crossing wadis at certain times of the year can be dangerous as a result. Wadis tend to be associated with centers of human population because sub-surface water is sometimes available in them.
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Woodland grows along the course of wadis and sometimes within craters.
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Near the center of the town, there is a pond. Other places are various wadis or places where marriages and other occasions are held. It has many wadis and a particular sub caste of Patel has a particular wadi. For e.g.
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Its habitat is mostly open arid country with rocky outcrops, plains, wadis and cliffs.
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Melanopsis magnifica is a species of freshwater gastropod endemic to oases and wadis in Morocco.
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The Omani owl has been observed in high rocky cliffs, but not in nearby wadis.
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Wadis are located on gently sloping, nearly flat parts of deserts; commonly they begin on the distal portions of alluvial fans and extend to inland sabkhas or dry lakes. In basin and range topography, wadis trend along basin axes at the terminus of fans. Permanent channels do not exist, due to lack of continual water flow. Wadis have braided stream patterns because of the deficiency of water and the abundance of sediments.
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This is a list of wadis in Djibouti. Wadis are either permanently or intermittently dry riverbeds, of which Djibouti has several. However, it does not have any permanent rivers. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name.
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Biladhi Shuhoom has many wadis or mountain streams Unlike other parts of Oman, this village is very green because of the presence of little mountain streams called wadis. The presence of water allows the cultivation of wheat and they also keep livestock here. Date farms are also common.
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The government has constructed a network of dams in wadis, dry watercourses that become torrents after heavy rains. These dams are used both as water reservoirs and for flood and erosion control. The wadis are heavily settled because soil in their bottoms is often suitable for agriculture, and the high water table in their vicinity makes them logical locations for digging wells. In many wadis, however, the water table is declining at an alarming rate, particularly in areas of intensive agriculture and near urban centers.
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Triassic wadi deposit near Ogmore-By-Sea, Wales. Clasts are Carboniferous Limestone. Modern English usage differentiates wadis from canyons or washes by the action and prevalence of water. Wadis, as drainage courses, are formed by water, but are distinguished from river valleys or gullies in that surface water is intermittent or ephemeral.
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A second feature are the wadis, which range from seasonal watercourses that flood only occasionally during the wet season to large wadis that flood for most of the rains and flow from western Darfur hundreds of kilometres west to Lake Chad. Many wadis have pans of alluvium with rich heavy soil that are also difficult to cultivate. Western Darfur is dominated by the third feature, basement rock, sometimes covered with a thin layer of sandy soil. Basement rock is too infertile to be farmed, but provides sporadic forest cover that can be grazed by animals.
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Habitats include gravel plains and foothills up to , as well as wadis. Plants often growing nearby include Acacia tortilis and Prosopis cineraria.
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Sinai has a number of wadis, including the Wadi Mukattab ("The Valley of Writing") and the Wadi Feiran (associated with the biblical Rephidim).
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Arabicnemis caerulea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 22 February 2016. This insect lives in wadis with bodies of freshwater.
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Located in the Hajar Mountains, and what is now the northern governorate, it is one of the most well-known wadis in the country.
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In the United Arab Emirates it is often found in mountain pools and may bury itself by digging holes in damp gravel in wadis.
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Dyerophytum socotranum is endemic to Socotra (Yemen). It lives in dry habitats on limestone cliffs, boulders and wadis up to an altitude of 30–650m.
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Three people were killed due to electrocutions, another two were crushed to death by large objects, and nine drowned. Overall damage was estimated at US$80 million, and over 200 people were injured nationwide. The rains caused wadis - typically dry riverbeds - to accumulate with floodwaters, washing away hundreds of cars and disrupting traffic. Police officers helped rescue victims who were stranded in flooded wadis.
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Examining the relation between these spatial-dependent distributions and the landscape surroundings revealed that particular physiographic characteristics of the wadis contribute to increscent in site clusters.
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Its natural habitats include ponds, streams and rivers in savanna and bush. In the arid northern parts of its range, it is found in wadis and gueltas.
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The town is located in Mafraq Governorate about 240 km to the east of Amman. Ruwaished has a desert climate with an average annual precipitation of 82.9 mm. About eight wadis converge in the plains of Ruwaished, making it the second largest water basin in the northern desert region after Azraq. the water floods from these wadis in the winter compensate for the low annual precipitation rate of Ruwaished.
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Inland, the sources of the whe wadis are steep and rocky, widening near the coast, the beds having streams or muddy bottoms, with firmer areas traversable by vehicles.
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This is a culturally and historically important village. Kurli consists of wadis like Temb Wadi, Khadakwadi, Bajarpeth. Also it is famous because of the newly made Kurli dam.
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This is a culturally and historically important village. Kurli consists of wadis like Temb Wadi, Khadakwadi, Bajarpeth. Also it is famous because of the newly made Kurli Dam.
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23–27 March 2002, 107–122. Kuwait: Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Available at: Remaining soil humidity can be found in dry river beds (wadis) after rains occur, but these wadis are prone to flash floods. The result is massive soil erosion and the destruction of infrastructure. Also, the infiltration is insufficient because of the water's velocity, even though the runoff would be able to allow for the growth of trees in appropriate places.
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Not a true desert animal, it is found along edges of deserts. It is associated with arid savannah, semi-desert, Sahel, and well-vegetated dry river beds (wadis) and oases.
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In addition, construction on the tableland above the Tanks may threaten the entire system of wadis and dams that help channel floodwaters into the Tanks. The future of the Tanks remains uncertain.
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The site was an ancient copper mine that overlooks two Wadis and is the location of one of the best and most well preserved ancient mining and metallurgy districts in the world.
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Tephrosia apollinea is also found in the United Arab Emirates and in Oman, where it inhabits the Jiddat al-Harasis desert and dominates the beds of wadis in mountains such as Jebel Shams.
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The Haifa Wadis Trail, (, Shvil Vadiot Haifa) is a hiking path that extends the Israel National Trail into Haifa. This trail that was formed and maintained by Yarok Balev NGO forms a complete hiking circuit of approximately through the wadis of Mount Carmel. The trail is partially marked, and it takes an average of 3 days to hike it as a whole. It has been opened to the public since April 2014, and was officially launched in March 2015 after actually marking it.
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The Sinai Peninsula is a mountainous area, deeply cleft by canyon-like wadis that flow towards the Gulf of Aqaba, the Gulf of Suez and the Mediterranean Sea. In general, Egypt is a very dry country. The Western Desert receives only occasional rainfall, the winters being mild and the summers very hot. The Eastern Desert receives some precipitation in the south in the form of orographic rainfall from winds that have crossed the Red Sea; this may cause torrential flows in the wadis.
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The climate is hot and arid. Rainfall is very infrequent and averages about per year. Downpours on the escarpment cause the wadis to flow and water drains into the substrate where it is retained.
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Oued Moghrar flows south and joins Oued Rhoubia which extends south to form Oued Namous with another tributary Oued Smar with many smaller wadis that arrive from the southern foothills of the Ksour Range.
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Nomadic and pastoral desert peoples will rely on seasonal vegetation found in wadis, even in regions as dry as the Sahara, as they travel in complex transhumance routes. The centrality of wadis to water — and human life — in desert environments gave birth to the distinct sub-field of wadi hydrology in the 1990s.Review of Wheater, Howard ; Al Weshah, Radwan, Hydrology of Wadi systems -IHP Regional Network on Wadi Hydrology in the Arab Region, UNESCO - Technical documents in hydrology vol 55, SC.2002/WS/33,(2002).
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Sixteen caves are found within the area. The earth is mainly composed of stony rocks, sandy loam soils, and clay loam soils in the beds of wadis in the area. The soils in the hills have pockets of alluvium and sandy loam suitable for crop development, particularly on the hillsides and at the foot of the hills. Clay loam soils are found in the bowls and beds of wadis, which although suitable for farming are susceptible to gully and water erosion during the rainy season.
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There are about eight Wadis (where people get together for social functions) in Gozaria town: Bahucharmata ni Wadi, Dhaniba Wadi, Brahmin's Wadi, Raam Wadi, Shiv Vadi, Prajapati Wadi Vaniya ni vadi, Manguba wadi are famous in Gozaria.
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The Arabian himri (Carasobarbus apoensis) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Carasobarbus. It is endemic to Saudi Arabia in wadis in the Hijaz Mountains which either drain into the Red Sea or inland.
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Artifacts are found, typically redeposited, deflated, or both, in Late Pleistocene to early Holocene gravelly mud, muddy gravel, clayey sand, and silty sand. These sediments are often cemented into either concretionary masses or beds by calcrete. Ridges typically consist of deeply weathered bedrock representing truncated Cenozoic paleosols that formed under tropical environments. The Pleistocene to Middle Holocene sediments occur along wadis as thin, meter- to less than meter-thick accumulations in the interior annular depressions to thick accumulations along the wadis in the outermost annular depression of the Richat Structure.
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The desert zone, an area lying west and southwest of the Euphrates River, is a part of the Syrian Desert and Arabian Desert, which covers sections of Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia and most of the Arabian Peninsula. The region, sparsely inhabited by pastoral bedouins, consists of a wide stony plain interspersed with rare sandy stretches. A widely ramified pattern of wadis–watercourses that are dry most of the year–runs from the border to the Euphrates. Some wadis are over long and carry brief but torrential floods during the winter rains.
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Sclerophrys tihamica is a common and abundant species in wadis and irrigated areas. It occurs at elevations of above sea level. Breeding takes place in still or slow-moving water. There are no known threats to this species.
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Nadel's force was airlifted to the crest by helicopters. Two battalions, totalling 606 soldiers, arrived in twenty-seven sorties. The helicopters moved through the wadis around the Syrian anti- aircraft positions, and artillery preceded the helicopters.Rabinovich (2005), p.
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Paul Torday wrote a comic novel, Salmon Fishing in the Yemen, about a westerner's commission to introduce salmon to the wadis of the Yemen highlands. The book was adapted into a film of the same name in 2011.
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The inhabitants of the villages and communities on the jebel are known as jibalis (hill people). To the north, the hills slope down via rough wadis and cliffs into the gravel plains and sand seas of the Empty Quarter.
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The area of the wadi's basin is approximately 2500 km2. The wadi's water gathers in the desert wadis and streams whose basin reaches the al-Jafr region, and is then transported to the Jordan Valley and eventually the Dead Sea.
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Rhus sp. nov. A is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is endemic to the Socotra Archipelago in Yemen. It can be found on the rocky slopes of wadis in drought-deciduous woodlands and succulent shrublands.
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Wadis in northeastern Egypt, North Africa Wadi (), alternatively wād (), North African Arabic Oued, is the Arabic term traditionally referring to a valley. In some instances, it may refer to a dry (ephemeral) riverbed that contains water only when heavy rain occurs.
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Upturned beds are mounds of elongated sediment that are deposited on the lee (downflow) side of an obstruction, containing form-concordant stratification.Karcz, I. (1968) Fluviatile obstacle marks from the wadis of the Negev (southern Israel). J. Sed. Petrol., 38, 1000–1012.
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Lonely Planet, Jordan In modern Jordan, Highway 35 and Highway 15 follow this route, connecting Irbid in the north with Aqaba in the south. The southern part crosses several deep wadis, making it a highly scenic if curvy and rather low-speed road.
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Fueled by several wadis, such as the Oued Merguellil, Oued Nebhana and Oued Zeroud.R. H. Hughes, A Directory of African Wetlands.(IUCN, 1992) p80. Although the lake is in the Sahel, it supports diverse flora ecosystems and diverse range of water birds.
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Bajcaridris is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. Its three species are known from northern Africa. B. theryi inhabits the meadows of the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, and B. kraussii and B. menozzii inhabit the wadis of the northern Sahara in Algeria.
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No actual drying events are preserved in the fossil data. Wadis flowing into the lake were transporting water as late as 3,300 – 2,900 and 3,300 – 2,400 years before present on the southern and northern side, respectively. During its drying, the lake split into separate pools.
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Other fruits include apple, pear, apricot, peach, fig, pistachio, dates and grapes. Walnut is rare but grown at a few locations. Mulberry grows wild in some of the wadis and they belong to the whole tribe. Wild figs, tasty but small, grow in many places.
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The area is filled with crowds when the Ganesh Visarjan is carried out. It is not only about Ganesh Chaturthi. Girgaon also celebrates other festivals with equal zest whether Diwali, Gokulashtami or Makar Sankranti. Girgaon is further subdivided in small neighborhoods locally called as 'wadis'.
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The village was situated on a sandy spot, surrounded by hills, on the southern coastal plain. Several wadis descended around it and it was periodically subjected to flooding. This perhaps explains its name, which means "water collector" in Arabic.but "confusion" according to Palmer, 1881, p.
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Kusur is a small village in Vaibhavwadi tehsil, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India. Kusur in itself has 12 wadi's. Bazarwadi, Tembwadi, Malewadi, Khadakwadi, are some of the Prominent Wadis here. Kusur is famous for its Temple (Jagrut Devasthan), Shri Rameshwar Darubai Mandir, located in Khadakwadi, Kusur.
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The region of Qatna The city is located in the countryside, north of Homs. It was founded on a limestone plateau, and its extensive remains suggest fertile surroundings with abundant water, which is not the case in modern times. Three northward flowing tributary wadis (Mydan, Zorat and Slik) of the Orontes River cross the region of Qatna, enclosing an area north–south and east–west. The city lay along the central wadi (Zorat), surrounded by at least twenty five satellite settlements, most of them along the Mydan (marking the eastern border of the region) and Slik (marking the western border of the region) wadis.
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Most of the wadis that provide drainage from the plateau country into the depression carry water only during the short season of winter rains. Sharply incised with deep, canyon-like walls, whether flowing or dry the wadis can be formidable obstacles to travel. The Jordan River is short, but from its mountain headwaters (approximately 160 kilometers north of the river's mouth at the Dead Sea) the riverbed drops from an elevation of about 3,000 meters above sea level to more than 400 meters below sea level. Before reaching Jordanian territory the river forms the Sea of Galilee, the surface of which is 212 meters below sea level.
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It is also found on Socotra Island. In Arabia it occurs in south-west Saudi Arabia, Yemen and southern Oman. It occurs in open woodland, scrub, wadis and gardens. It is found up to 1,800 metres above sea-level in Africa and 3,100 metres in Arabia.
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It is found in eastern Africa, its range including Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan at altitudes of up to about . It is a bird of woodland, scrubby areas, forest edges, and gallery forests, and among large trees such as Acacias growing in wadis.
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The simplest elements of these systems were various kinds of well and cistern. The largest cisterns could hold up to 12,800 m³. For the efficiency of these wells and citadels, canal networks were essential. These collected and stored the water from the wadis when it rained.
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The storm brought the heaviest number of people to Dhofar in 30 years, causing flooding and creating rivers in wadis, or typically dry riverbeds. Several people drowned after their vehicles were swept away by the flooding. The storm caused locally heavy damage, totaling $25 million (2002 USD).
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Municipality workers then take it away to disposal and recycling facilities. The Rangers remove approximately 300 kilos of trash from the Red Sea every year. Rangers also clean up wadis (ephemeral river beds) around Eilat. By doing this, they prevent trash and contamination channeling into the Red Sea.
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Ephemerals are common in the north, halophytes in the sandy areas. Succulent plants are uncommon. The sandy desert has virtually no vegetation. With rain vegetation increases in wadis (oueds - vallies, gullies, or streambeds that remain dry except during the rainy season),depressions and wherever runoff water augments rainfall.
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Rawdas, which are depressions with shallow groundwater, have typically been the most popular sites of settlement throughout the peninsula. In Qatar's south, where groundwater is exceedingly difficult to obtain, settlement formation was mostly limited to wadis (dry river valleys) fed by run-off from nearby hills and rawdas.
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Moringa peregrina is a species of flowering plant in the family Moringaceae that is native to Arabian Peninsula Horn of Africa and Southern Sinai, Egypt and can be found throughout Arabia, Egypt and as far north as Syria. Moringa peregrina grows on rocky wadis and on cliffs in drier areas.
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They are found in coastal bushlands as well as inland saline sites, sand plains, stony places and desert wadis between sea level and 400 meters in altitude. It also occurs in dry riverbeds and other saline locations in southern Africa in association with Tamarix usneoides and the grass Odyssea paucinervis.
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The village was located on a rugged hill between Mount al-Jarmaq (1208 m) and Mount ‘Adathir (1009m).Khalidi, 1992, p.451 Three wadis in the vicinity supplied Ghabbatiyya with water. In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine found at Kh. Ghabbâti "foundations of walls and one olive press".
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As these sites constitute the most easily obtainable sources of shallow groundwater, they are also among the areas most abundant in wild vegetation. In the south, where groundwater is exceedingly scarce, vegetation can found growing in wadis (dry river valleys) fed by run-off from nearby hills and in rawdas.
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Sudden and brutal storms are also known to occur. Wadis turn for a few hours into raging torrents tearing everything in their path, and their course is regularized. Rainwater serves as an additional water supply for livestock and plants alongside seasonal watercourses. The highlands have temperate climate throughout out the year.
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The area is home to Al Thakhira Nature Reserve, which encompasses the small island mangrove-covered island of Umm Far, parts of the coastline, and multiple wadis and sabkhas. Mangroves are very common in the reserve, and it one of the few areas of Qatar to boast natural tree growth.
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It stands on a rock surrounded by Wadis, except on the side towards the suburb."Le Strange, 1890, p. 479 Al-Dimashqi (1256–1327) noted that Karak: "is an impregnable fortress, standing high on the summit of a mountain. Its fosses are the valleys around it, which are very deep.
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Little is known about the ecology of this species. Its typical habitat is steppe with scattered trees, wadis and dry stream beds. It feeds in trees such as Acacia and Balanites by pecking and hammering to obtain insects. Breeding has been observed between October and May in different parts of its range.
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Water percolates down into the stream bed, causing an abrupt loss of energy and resulting in vast deposition. Wadis may develop dams of sediment that change the stream patterns in the next flash flood. Wind also causes sediment deposition. When wadi sediments are underwater or moist, wind sediments are deposited over them.
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A guelta, close to Oubankort in Adrar des Ifoghas. Camels in the Guelta d'Archei, in north-eastern Chad. A guelta (, also transliterated qalta or galta; Berber: agelmam) is a pocket of water that forms in drainage canals or wadis in the Sahara. The size and duration will depend on the location and conditions.
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The main harmattan winds and the monsoon. Very poor vegetation in the valley Tilemsi, it consists of thorny shrubs in places while we note the presence of a grassy savanna. The rural commune Tilemsi has some temporary pools and wadis using fallback area for livestock during the dry season around which settled communities.
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Garra smarti is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Garra from Oman. The specific name honours Emma Smart for her studies of the fish faunas of the wadis of the Arabian Peninsula. The original specific name smarti was amended to smartae to reflect the correct gender of the person being honoured.
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Borj Gourbata at mapcarta.com. The town is in the Sahel region of Tunisia, but at the junction of the Oued ech Cheria and the Oued el Jemel Wadis, Borj Gourbata Map — Satellite Images of Borj Gourbata. making it an important oasis in the Sahara. It is situated between Gafsa and Chott el Jerid.
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Cyprinion mhalensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cyprinion. It is endemic to the eastern part of the Sarawat Mountains in Saudi Arabia where it occurs in the upper reaches of wadis. It has been recorded from shallow, permanent and slow running water, as well as intermittent streams.
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Drilling for water at Deir el Belah, used by Australian Engineers The open low-lying country occupied by the EEF was cut by deep wadis which contained many pools of good water, even when relatively dry.Hamilton 1996 p. 28 In the Wadi Ghazza of watering troughs were constructed for horses and camels.Blenkinsop 1925 p.
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Masure has plenty of small localities each locality is called a Wadi. One such famous place is Anganechi Wadi, the place where Bharadi Devi's temple is situated. Other wadis include Dangmode wadi,Magavanewadi, Gadgherawadi, Medawadi, mardewadi, etc. At Deoolwada, as the name suggests, you could visit temples of Maoolidevi, Bharateshwar, Dattatreya, Vetal, Ravalnath etc.
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The local language of communication is Malvani. The famous Anganewadi Jatra (Fair) held annually on the premises of the Bharadi Devi temple at Aangnechi wadi, is one of the wadis of Masure.similarly grand celebrations are held during dassera & ramnavmi festivals. Temples of Masure village - Gram daivat is Shree dev Jain Bharateshwar situated at "Deoolwada".
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The rains flooded arid areas and collected into wadis - normally dry river beds. Thousands of homes were wrecked across Oman. There were 24 fatalities in the country, and damage was estimated at US$780 million. After exiting Oman on June 4, Phet turned to the northeast and later to the east while continuing to weaken.
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Bubiyan Island () is the largest island in the Kuwaiti coastal island chain situated in the north-western corner of the Persian Gulf, with an area of . The island is uninhabited. The island is mostly flat and low, salt marshes cover most of the coast. There are some intermittent wadis in the center of the island.
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M. laurifolia is extremely rare in Southwest Arabia. Its distribution is limited to humid sites, and it has suffered from habitat loss, overgrazing, and desertification. The population in the Sarawat mountains is limited to a few stream valleys (wadis). A dozen old trees were observed in Jabal Gedu, and only two trees in Jabal Ureys.
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In the more arid regions, the vegetation is confined to dry riverbeds and gullies, known as wadis and in some places it is almost absent. In some of the greater valleys, desert-scrub and acacia-woodland are to be found. The fauna and flora are mostly of Saharan origin. Sudanese flora is present as well.
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The Libyan jird is native to North Africa and parts of Western and Central Asia. Its range extends from Mauritania and Morocco to Saudi Arabia, the Near East, Kazakhstan and Western China. Its typical habitat is deserts and semi-deserts, river floodplains, wadis and areas with stable sand-dunes. It sometimes occurs in arable land.
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Am Juhar is a small village near the coast in the Lahij Governorate of south- western Yemen. It is located 96.6 km east by road from Hisn Murad and 101 kilometres west of Aden. The village is primarily agricultural with a delta of wadis in the area and fields. Qawah is one of the nearest settlements to the southeast.
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The reserve located to the south-east of the Fada town. Its terrain in the elevation range of forms part of the transition zone between the Sahelian and Saharan zones. It is marked by striking feature of a rocky ridge that divides into formations of deep gorges. Barren sand dunes are interlaced with a few wadis.
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Areas in the vicinity of the landfall location of the storm experienced the highest precipitation totals in 30 years. As a result, wadis quickly became rivers, sweeping away cars and drowning nine people. Additionally, property, crops, and transportation suffered impacts from flooding. Damage from the storm totaled to $25 million, all of which was in Oman.
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The Wadi is one of the wadis of the tribe of ʿAnizah, which empty into the Euphrates valley in Iraq, and along with Wadi Al-Khurr is one of the largest of these wadi.Wadi Arar at Encylopedea Britanica. Wādī `Ar`ar / Mintaqat Makkah at getampa.net. It is located at an elevation of 568 meters above sea level.
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Dows Dunham and M. F. Laming Macadam, Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 35 (December 1949), pp. 139–149 The area is divided into three parts by two wadis. The central section seems to be the oldest and contains several tumulus type tombs that predate the Kingdom of Napata.
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Private ownership is the second type of tenure, applied traditionally to the small plots cultivated in wadis or oases. Wells belong to individuals or groups with rights to the land. Ownership of fruit trees and date palms in the oases is often separate from ownership of the land; those farmers who plant and care for trees own them.
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Front Gate of Shree Kaleshawara Temple Shree Deva Kothari Brahamana Temple view from cliff in Kandareewadi, Nerur. Nerur is a town of Kudal Taluka of Sindhudurg district (Sindhudurga in native Malvani language) of Maharashtra in India. It is one of the smaller towns in the district having 32 wadis. The Malvani dialect of Konkani is spoken here.
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This plant has a widespread distribution across the desert belt of Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, southern Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and northwestern India. It typically grows in disturbed areas such as runnels, washes, dry wadis, eroded slopes and coastal cliffs. It grows on various soil types and is a ruderal species, colonising fallow land and over-grazed pastures.
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Wadi Bani Khalid is one of the best- known wadis in the Sultanate of Oman. Its stream maintains a constant flow of water throughout the year. Large pools of water and boulders are scattered along the course of the wadi. As a geographical area, the wadi covers a large swathe of lowland and the Hajar Mountains.
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Anbar is one of the driest governorates in Iraq's western desert climate. Some of Al Anbar is part of the Syrian Desert, characterized by steppe and desert terrain. Most of Al Anbar is considered as a topographical continuation of the Arabian Peninsula plateau region. It has some small hills and a number of wadis, including Wadi Hauran.
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The top of the Rus Formation from the Lower Eocene period outcrops more than 25 meters in this area.Abdul Nayeem (1998), p. 6 The eastern portion comprises a lowland covered with rock fragments, consisting of wadis and vegetation-rich depressions (known as rawdas). Wadi Diab is one of the major dry riverbeds which extend through Dukhan.
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Male feeding while flying, Jordan It occurs in areas with high temperatures and dry climate from sea level up to an altitude of 3200 m. It inhabits dry woodland, scrub, wadis, savannas, orchards and gardens. It is common in towns in some areas, and is a familiar sight in Tel Aviv. The Middle Eastern subspecies C. o.
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Marsa is located on the Marsa Creek, a body of water formed by the flow of water from wadis in high ground near the sea. The creek includes the Grand Harbour which the town is based on. A port was first established at Marsa by the Phoenicians. Remains of Roman constructions have been found close to the town.
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About of power lines was cut. The floods washed away 113 power poles, and four main generators were affected, causing widespread outages. Storm debris contaminated also many drinking wells and damaged 1,357 water pumps damaged. About 80% of Shabwah Governorate lost water access, forcing some residents to drink from contaminated wadis, or formerly dry river beds.
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The storm also knocked over 37,000 fruit trees and killed 13,000 livestock, accounting for about US$100 million in agriculture damage. About 70% of arable land in Shabwah Governorate was washed away. The floods littered about of irrigation canals with sand. Many of the houses and fields were built on wadis which were swept away when water levels rose.
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S Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Egypt (Sinai), Iraq, W Iran, N/NE Saudi Arabia, Israel. This species is found in arid, sparsely vegetated mountainous and hilly areas on hard and rocky soils. It can be found between rocks and on the banks of dry wadis. They are often found in agricultural land and other man made habitats (Egan 2007).
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Enteromius deserti is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Enteromius. It is found in permanent, spring fed oases and their associated temporary flows in wadis in the Tassili and Ahaggar mountains in southern Algeria. It formerly occurred in the Tibesti Mountains in southern Libya but are believed to have been extirpated from there.
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There are currently 19 countries and 22 territories that do not have a permanent natural river flowing within them, though some of them have streams or seasonal watercourses such as wadis.Which Countries Don't Have Rivers? The Arabian Peninsula is the largest subregion in the world without any permanent natural river. Countries in this subregion have wadis instead.
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This xerophytic shrub is found in desert and arid environments. It is native to many areas throughout northern Africa, mainly Morocco and the Sahara, and spanning throughout the Middle East. This shrub grows in dense clumps, on sandy calcareous, rocky and clay soils. This species is often found near Wadis or other arid sand dunes, with minimal water.
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Only after World War II was Beit Eshel able to acquire a suitable pump. Eight wells were dug in Beit Eshel in total, two of them successful (another one was further east and saved for later). Mini-dams were built in the wadis around Beit Eshel for irrigation. A larger dam was planned for the Beersheba Stream, but nothing came of the project.
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Greek Orthodox church seen with snow in Amman Amman is situated on the East Bank Plateau, an upland characterized by three major wadis which run through it. Originally, the city had been built on seven hills. Amman's terrain is typified by its mountains. The most important areas in the city are named after the hills or mountains they lie on.
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The Kuwait Water Towers in Kuwait City Kuwait does not have any permanent rivers. It does have some wadis, the most notable of which is Wadi Al-Batin which forms the border between Kuwait and Iraq. Kuwait relies on water desalination as a primary source of fresh water for drinking and domestic purposes. There are currently more than six desalination plants.
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Hadhramaut is considered the most religious part of Yemen. It is a province in which the mixture of tribal and Islamic traditions determines the social life of its inhabitants. Apart from urban settlements, Hadhramaut is still tribalised, although tribal bonds are no longer as powerful as they once were. Hadhramis live in densely built towns centered on traditional watering stations along the wadis.
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Its location is near the Western Hajar Mountains. The village's tourist appeal derives from its outstanding geographic location, the scenic views, and the geometric design of Aflaj which are coming from Wadi Al Asdani. This falaj extended to 3 km from the wadis’ heart to the village. Also, it is considered as the main water source for irrigation in Al Mabrah village.
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They understood that spillways were necessary to prevent the erosion of earth-packed banks. In Egypt, the Romans adopted the water technology known as wadi irrigation from the Nabataeans. Wadis were a technique developed to capture large amounts of water produced during the seasonal floods and store it for the growing season. The Romans successfully developed the technique further for a larger scale.
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Other methods are the use of wadis (basically V-shaped ponds dug in the earth) or by simply planting the trees in holes inside/over the water pipe itself. The tree's roots can then suck the water straight from the water pipe (used in qanāt, hydroponics, ...) A similar technique can be done with semi-open pipes (i.e. dug throughs in the Keita Project).
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The climate of the region is arid but in general there is more precipitation than in the surrounding desert, which results in the formation of wadis. Temperatures at Zouar ( elevation) range from in winter to in summer; at high altitudes freezing temperatures may be common.Grove 1960, p.21 Vegetation is scarce; in the proximity of waters some acacias and grasses can be found.
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Several streams originate on Jabal Ibrahim so that Wadi Turabah has a permanent flow. Habitats in the reserve include the bare sheets of rock and crags of the mountain, boulder-covered slopes with abundant vegetation, and montane woodland in which the main component is Juniperus. Near the wadis, Ficus and Ziziphus trees grow thickly, and at lower elevations there is Acacia woodland.
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There are varying habitats in the ecoregion including sandy systems, rocky plateaus, wadis, depressions and mountains. Each has its own characteristic species and there is considerable endemism of both plants and animals in the area. Small mammals endemic to the Sahara area include the four-toed jerboa (Allactaga tetradactyla), North African gerbil (Gerbillus campestris), James's gerbil (G. jamesi), pale gerbil (G.
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Situated on a hilltop on the southern slopes of a mountainous area, Bayt Susin overlooked a wide area to its south and west. Below the village, two wadis, streaming from the slopes, met. The village stood near a network of roads that led to many urban centers and was linked by a secondary road to the Jaffa-Jerusalem Highway.Khalidi, 1992, p.368.
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The resulting runoff triggered flash floods, collected along wadis, or typically dry river beds, and inundated coastal areas several kilometres inland. Across Yemen's mainland, Chapala destroyed 214 homes and damaged another 600. The storm caused eight deaths - five by drowning and three inside collapsed homes. One of the deaths occurred as far west as Aden, where a fisherman drowned amid rough seas.
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Another study was conducted by Y. Kedar in 1957, which also focused on the mechanism of the agriculture systems, but he studied soil management, and claimed that the ancient agriculture systems were intended to increase the accumulation of loess in wadis and create an infrastructure for agricultural activity. This theory has also been explored by E. Mazor, of the Weizmann Institute of Science.
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Annual temperatures at Trou au Natron fluctuate between , with a daily temperature variation of ; this is less than in the lowlands. At higher altitudes frost can be expected. Precipitation amounts to at Trou au Natron. Most of it falls as frontal precipitation during summer, and it is more copious than in the lowlands; the Tibesti mountains are the sources for wadis.
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That river (see below) pierces the desert without modifying its character. The Atlas range, the north-westerly part of the continent, between its seaward and landward heights encloses elevated steppes in places broad. From the inner slopes of the plateau numerous wadis take a direction towards the Sahara. The greater part of that now desert region is, indeed, furrowed by old water- channels.
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The dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas), also known as the ariel gazelle, is a small and common gazelle. The dorcas gazelle stands about at the shoulder, with a head and body length of and a weight of . The numerous subspecies survive on vegetation in grassland, steppe, wadis, mountain desert and in semidesert climates of Africa and Arabia. About 35,000–40,000 exist in the wild.
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The Richat Structure is the location of exceptional accumulations of Acheulean artifacts. These Acheulean archaeological sites are located along wadis that occupy outermost annular depression of this structure. Pre-Acheulean stone tools also have been found in the same areas. These sites are associated with rubbly, chaotic outcrops of quartzite that provided the raw material needed for the manufacture of these artifacts.
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The Carmel Mountain has three main wadis: Lotem, Amik and Si'ach. For the most part these valleys are undeveloped natural corridors that run up through the city from the coast to the top of the mountain. Marked hiking paths traverse these areas and they provide habitat for wildlife such as wild boar, golden jackal, hyrax, Egyptian mongoose, owls and chameleons.
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A fourth stone may lie horizontally on top. Triliths lie in wadis, the main habitation area of nomads.Cf. Jörg Janzen, Die Nomaden Dhofars/Sultanat Oman traditional Lebensformen im Wandel, Bamberg, 1980 The greatest concentration lies in the Ẓafār province and in eastern Yemen. Scholars have suggested a connection between the speakers of the Modern South Arabian Language, Mahra, and the triliths.
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Sinadil is an old name referring to the triangular piece of land lying between Wadi Hadf and one of its distributaries. The gap through which the wadi exits the Hajjar mountains is 200 metres wide and known as the Sinadil gap. The area is good for agriculture and the wadis are used for irrigation. Agriculture ends about 1 km downstream.
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They are not found in any of the desert regions of Africa (notably Sahara, Kalahari and much of the Horn of Africa), however, as they thrive around rivers.Reptile Specialists (Nile monitor) Nile monitors were reported to live in and around the Jordan River, Dead Sea, and wadis of the Judaean Desert in Israel until the late 19th Century, though they are now extinct in the region.
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The winter rains tend to fall in brief, torrential downpours, flooding the shallow wadis that are dry the rest of the year and impeding transportation. Little of the rainwater is saved for irrigation or drinking. However, there are numerous natural springs in the northern part of Bahrain and on adjacent islands. Underground freshwater deposits also extend beneath the Persian Gulf to the Saudi Arabian coast.
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The Asir magpie (Pica asirensis), also known as the Arabian magpie, is a highly endangered species of magpie endemic to Saudi Arabia. It is only found in the country's southwestern highlands, in the Asir Region. It occurs only in African juniper forest in well-vegetated wadis and valleys. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), and still is by many authorities.
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These defensive systems had been dug across an arid, dusty plain, devoid of cover except for the wadis, to the foot of the Judean Hills. They were defended by the 16th Division which deployed two regiments in the firing line.During the Second Battle of Gaza on 19 April, the 16th Division had been deployed in the same area, at Tel esh Sheria and Hareira. [Falls 1930 Vol.
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All defenders were captured, and at 16:20 on 23 September, Es Salt was occupied by the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade.Powles 1922 p. 248Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 553 The 2nd Light Horse Brigade was delayed by the difficult track up the Wadis Jeri'a and Sir which did not reach Ain Hummar on the main road east of Es Salt until the afternoon of 24 September.
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The Fada Archei Faunal Reserve is located in the north-eastern region of the Chad in its Ennedi Administration region. It was established in 1967 covering an area of with a terrain in the elevation range of . Its primary aim was to protect Ammotragus lervia (Barbary sheep). It is considered as a Depauperate ecosystem with vegetation of mostly Acacia and Balanites on the banks of the wadis.
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Chrysopogon plumulosus is the most common Poaceae in the area. Other plants have more Mediterranean characteristics, such as Globularia alypum and Lavandula pubescens or the more tropical Abutilon fruticosum and Rhynchosia minima. Saharomontane grasslands are found on the slopes, plateaus and the upper portions of the wadis at elevations between . They are dominated by Stipagrostis obtusa and Aristida caerulescens, as well some Eragrostis papposa locally.
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The Negev is a rocky desert. It is a melange of brown, rocky, dusty mountains interrupted by wadis (dry riverbeds that bloom briefly after rain) and deep craters. It can be split into five different ecological regions: northern, western and central Negev, the high plateau and the Arabah Valley. The northern Negev, or Mediterranean zone, receives 300 mm of rain annually and has fairly fertile soils.
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Teams will leave from Paris and Bordeaux in the direction of Algeciras to sail to Morocco. Thus all participants will have to drive through France and Spain. Fez is the first stage where the participants will have to cross the mountains, dunes and wadis during nearly 1500 km of trails in the Moroccan Desert. The arrival will be in Marrakech where a closing ceremony will take place.
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Located between al-Haffah and Muzayraa, Ayn al-Tineh is separated from the two towns by wadis. "Ayn al-Tineh" is also the name of a spring that flows under the nearby Citadel of Salah Ed-Din.Boulanger, 1966, p. 458. Ayn al-Tineh was historically a fief of the Kheirbek clan, a prominent family in the Syrian security forces and part of the Kalbiyya tribal confederation.
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Smir Dam () is an earth-filled embankment dam in northern Morocco, to the southeast of Nakhla Dam and west of M'diq. It is at the confluence of the Smir and El-lile wadis and has a saddle dam adjacent to the main dam. The primary purpose of the dam is water supply to the city of Tetouan, to the south. The dam was completed in 1991.
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The western slopes end abruptly near the Red Sea coast, while the eastern side of the mountain range slopes downward more gently and is intersected by wadis that support agriculture, especially in the southern reaches of the Sarawat, where the mountains face the monsoons. Among the cities located within the Sarawat is the Yemeni capital, San'a, located near some of the Sarawat's highest peaks.
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Herds are always in need of fodder. Because of the arid climate of St Katherine and the high price of fodder, grazing is the only choice. In the past, the Bedouins had developed a system for rotating grazing pressure in order to protect plants. This system is called helf, and is an agreement between themselves on banning grazing in certain wadis for specified periods of time.
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Usually the higher wadis and the ones far from villages get less grazing. Grazing pressure adversely affects the health of plants. Sinai thyme is a preferred plant to herds because it does not secrete toxic substances like some other plants. In fact, the current levels of grazing with the current year-to-year variation in temperature are not a serious risk to the Sinai baton blue.
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In February 1917 the company joined the Palestine Campaign attached to the Desert Mounted Column, then from May 1917 until early 1919 it was working on the Lines of Communications. During the final advance of the EEF in 1918 the company was in the vicinity of Ludd (Lod), engaged in quarrying, road repair and bridging Wadis.555 AT Co War Diary, 1918, TNA file WO 95/4730.
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This is crossed by a number of wadis and has several oases. Central Oman consists of a tableland bounded to the west by the Rub' al Khali desert of Saudi Arabia. The coastline in eastern and southern Oman is barren. In the south of the country in the Dhofar Governorate, the mountains run in an easterly-westerly direction and include Jabal Samhan and Jebel Qamar.
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KV19 is located in one of the valley's side wadis, near KV20 and KV60. It was discovered by Giovanni Battista Belzoni in 1817. It was later excavated by James Burton (1825), Carter (1903) and Ayrton (1905–06), the later two working for Davis. The tomb is unfinished and consists only of an open entryway, a first corridor and the beginning of a second corridor.
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Most long-tailed lizards of the genus Latastia inhabit well vegetated sandy or gravelly plains and large wadis in western and eastern Africa. They can be found in semidesert scrubland and deciduous Acacia-Commiphora bushland where scrubby undergrowth is plentiful,Baha El Din 2006 in moist savanna and high grassland Spawls et al. 2002 or in millet fields.Dunger 1967 Latastia boscai boscai and L. b.
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Falaj Daris (a World Heritage Site) is the largest falaj in Oman and is the life maintainer of Nizwa. It provides the surrounding countryside with much needed water for the plantations. Al Ghantuq and Dhoot are two other important falajs in Nizwa. Farming is widely practiced and the town's immense palm farms stretches for eight kilometers along the course of two wadis (Kalbouh and Al Abiadh).
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These animals are usually browsers, feeding on grasses, shrubs, leaves, and fruits of most trees. They are highly dependent on water and need to drink every two to three days during summer. They descend from their point of elevation to drink from river courses known as wadis, and travel to new areas when water dries up. The goat was likely preyed upon by the Arabian leopard.
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Sterculia africana has been recorded in southeastern Egypt, Eastern Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, northern Somalia, southern Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, eastern Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia's Caprivi Strip. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life. Variety socotrana is endemic to the island of Socotra. Sterculia africana grows in dry woodlands on limestone escarpments and the sides of wadis usually at elevations of below 600m.
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Toward the east and along the Sājūr, the plain is dissected by numerous wadis, making these parts of the area less suitable for human occupation and agriculture. The Manbij Plain experiences a continental climate. Average temperatures range from in January to in July. Annual average precipitation is , but ranges from a minimum of per year in dry years to per year in exceptionally wet years.
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The Jebel Akhdar or Al Jabal Al Akhdar (), is part of Al Hajar Mountains range in Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate of Oman. It rises to a height of and encompasses the Saiq Plateau at 2,000 m above sea level. Jebel Akhdar is famous for its labyrinth of wadis and terraced orchards, where pomegranates, apricots and roses grow in abundance due to its mild Mediterranean climate.
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They are in the rain shadow of the western highlands but receive enough rainfall for the cultivation of irrigated wheat and barley. The Rub' al Khali desert region receives almost no rainfall. Both this range and the western highlands feature many wadis, dry watercourses which have been carved out by floods when the occasional torrential downpour occurs. These often support more vascular plants than other arid areas.
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Al Hajarah has a complex topography of rocky desert, wadis, ridges, and depressions. Al-Dibdibah is a more sandy region with a covering of scrub vegetation. Elevation in the southern desert averages between 1,000 and 2,700 feet (300 to 800 metres). A height of 3,119 feet (951 metres) is reached at Mount 'Unayzah at the intersection of the borders of Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
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The Ottoman forces in the hills overlooking the Jordan Valley received considerable artillery reinforcement early in July, and pushed a number of field guns and heavy howitzers southwards, east of the Jordan, and commenced a systematic shelling of the troops. Camps and horse lines had to be moved and scattered about in sections in most inconvenient situations along the bottoms of small wadis running down from the ridge into the plain. The whole of the Wadis el Auja and Nueiameh was under the enemy's observation either from Red Hill and other high ground east of the Jordan or from the foothills west and north-west of Abu Tellul, and took full advantage of this to shell watering places almost every day even though the drinking places were frequently changed. Every effort was made to distract their attention by shelling their foothills positions vigorously, during the hours when horses were being watered.
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In the afternoon, while the Ottoman counterattacked the Eastern Force and the Imperial Mounted Division, on their left a hostile force marched out from Hareira to counterattack the 1st Light Horse Brigade. The light horsemen were also attacked on their flank by a regiment of the Ottoman 3rd Cavalry Division from Tel esh Sheria. They advanced to the attack between the Wadis esh Sheria and Imleih.Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp.
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Also there are many wadis which contain different types of trees and fascinatingly shaped sand dunes with pools of standing water between them. These islands of vegetation play a role in creating a micro-climate. In summer when everywhere in Oman is hot, Jalan has its own special rainy season which affects the harvest of agricultural products. The coast receives many visitors from different parts of the world.
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It is unusual to see mixed-sex groups due to gender segregation in Emirati society. On vacations, many Fujairah residents travel to western emirates such as Dubai and Abu Dhabi, for entertainment and shopping purposes. They also visit the Wadis surrounding the emirate on camping and hiking trips. At the same time, other emirates' residents visit Fujairah for relaxation purposes and to get away from the stifling heat of the desert.
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When lava outcrops are located within river vallies, boulders are interspersed by soil supporting rich vegetation including Adenium, Maerua, and Balanites. Lokori also includes alluvial flats characterized by large wadis, rivers, and flood zones anywhere from meters to kilometers in length. These flats are vegetated by thickets of Acacia nubica and by lesser quantities of Euphorbia, Blepharis, Carallumba dummeri and Jatropha villosa. Grasses in these flats include Aristida and Chrysopogon aucheri.
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One of the cracks is approximately 40 m length and 0.20−1.5 m in width. Within the cracks, there are pools of water, some with a depth of over 14 m. The inland area includes a diversity of desert habitats such as mountains and wadis, gravel and coastal mud plains and sand dunes. The area also plays a role in bird migration, serving as a place of rest and nourishment.
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Elephants crossing the Ewaso Ng'iro river at Samburu Park, Kenya, 100 miles west of Lorian Swamp. The Lorian Swamp is an area of wetlands on the Ewaso Ngiro river in Wajir South, North Eastern Province, Kenya. The swampy zone is long and has a greatest width of , covering an area of . Apart from the Ewaso Ngiro river, the swamp is also fed by wadis from the southwest and the northeast.
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On the Western High Atlas, there is Oukaïmeden, one of three main ski stations in Morocco. The High Atlas forms the basins for a multiplicity of river systems. The majority of the year-round rivers flow to the north, providing the basis for the settlements there. A number of wadis and seasonal rivers terminate in the deserts to the south and plateaux to the east of the mountains.
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Along its course, the regional bedrock consists predominantly of Cretaceous limestone and sandstone with minor layers of dolomite and silt. There is also extensive, small Wadis and Sha’ibs across the area.Alnos Hegazy and Mohammed Alghamd, Properties of Soil Sediment in Wadi Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2014 International Conference on Geological and Civil Engineering IPCBEE vol.62. The Wadi Arar is one of the largest in the area.
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The exceptions are the grape-drying huts that are larger buildings as high as 20m, and which are scattered throughout the countryside. Grapes, opium poppies and cannabis (for hashish) are the most common crops. The farmlands are irrigated by a complex system of wadis running parallel with the Arghandab. The area north of Highway 1 is more desert-like with abrupt mountain ranges of approximately 200–400m in height.
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The Hermel plains are an area of low hills around Hermel, through which runs the Orontes river and several wadis, which drain into the Homs basin. The area dominates the north of the Beqaa Valley and reaches north to the border with Syria. A curious and unpublished archaeological industry exists from finds of stone tools in this area. It consists of generally small tools whose typology is limited.
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33, n°33, 1998, pp. 49–76 This location corresponded originally to the heart of the urban fabric of the city founded by Uqba ibn Nafi. However given the natural lay of the land crossed by several tributaries of the wadis, the urban development of the city spread southwards. Human factors including Hilalian's invasions in 449 AH (1057 AD) led to the decline of the city and halted development.
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At the far northern end of the Matmata Hills is the Tebaga Gap. From the Mediterranean the coastal plain rises gently to the Matmata Hills. The plain consists of gravels and sands, with salt flats between the sandy areas, which turn into bogs after light rain becoming impassable to wheeled vehicles. There are numerous wadis from the hills to the sea, including the bigger Wadi Zeuss and Wadi Zigzaou.
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Chamaeleo monachus (commonly known as the Socotran chameleon) is a species of chameleon endemic to the island of Socotra.Socotra Project When alarmed, it makes a hissing noise, and depending on its mood, it may change color. It is endangered by overgrazing, and is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List.IUCN Red List The Socotran chameleon lives in dense shrubland, along wadis, and sometimes in palm plantations.
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Kleinmann's tortoise lives in deserts and semiarid habitats, usually with compact sand and gravel plains, scattered rocks, shallow, sandy wadis, dry woodlands, shrubby areas, and coastal salt marsh habitats. In captivity, it eats grasses, fruits, and vegetables, but the diet of T. kleinmanni in the wild is unknown. It is least active when the weather is very cold or very hot. During the colder months, it is out most during midday.
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Deposition in a wadi is rapid because of the sudden loss of stream velocity and seepage of water into the porous sediment. Wadi deposits are thus usually mixed gravels and sands. These sediments are often altered by eolian processes. Over time, wadi deposits may become "Inverted Wadis," where former underground water caused vegetation and sediment to fill in the eroded channel, turning previous washes into ridges running through desert regions.
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El Oued Siliana is a river of Tunisia in the region arising from Marktar, which runs north and drains into the river Medjerda about 5km west of Testour. On his way to collect the rainy season, water numerous wadis that are dry much of the year. Its course is about 120 km. the average rainfall is 455 mm / year between September and January grew between 15 and 11 percent.
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Hyoscyamus muticus, commonly known as Egyptian henbane, is native to Sub-Saharan Africa from Mauritania to Sudan and is also found in Saudi Arabia and the eastern Mediterranean. It grows in arid rocky localities, wadis and plains. The wild plants are used in traditional local medicine. It is sometimes cultivated in countries such as Egypt, Pakistan and India for its medicinal alkaloids, which may be exported to countries such as Germany.
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The genus Rhynchostruthus is a small group of finches in the family Fringillinae. Commonly known as golden-winged grosbeaks, they are attractive, chunky, medium-sized, robust-billed songbirds restricted to the southern Arabian and northern Somalian regions. These elusive birds are typically found between 1,060 and 2,800 metres ASL in forested wadis and areas of scrub. The fruits of junipers, acacias and spurges appear to form the bulk of their diet.
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The other, known as Bani Hizzan, was sedentary, living within the wadis of the district of Al-Yamama in eastern Nejd, just south of their purported cousins, the Bani Hanifa of the Bakr ibn Wa'il, who inhabited modern-day Riyadh. Families tracing their origin to `Annizah through Hizzan still exist in that area today.Hamad Al-Jassir, "Hizzan", Compendium of the Lineages of the Settled Families of Nejd, pt. II, p.
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The aquifers of shallow wells with depths varying from , yielding little more than 2 cubic metres/hour (71 cu ft), vary widely in availability. Deeper aquifers offer larger quantities of water, but its quality is generally brackish. The wadis are generally dry, usually only inundated after rainfall. Relief map showing location in western Africa Vegetation is typical of the Sahara-Sahel region, and is mainly desert with thorny steppe land.
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Frequently growing in disturbed habitats, it is often found in sandy and stony desert wadis. It is found in the eastern deserts of Egypt, through the East Mediterranean region and into Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan. It can be found growing in open woodlands and shrublands, on steppes and semi-steppes as well as in extreme desert conditions. It grows among mountain vegetation on Mount Hermon in the Golan Heights.
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The geography of the site makes it easily defensible, since the continental plateau rises above the plain, which is accessible only by means of two narrow wadis. The plain itself is higher than beach and accessible only by two pathways, while the isolated plateau west of the settlement was accessible by only one. Sharma was an isolated settlement, over from the nearest oasis or village. It has limited freshwater.
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The local, apparent wealth of surface artifacts is the result of the concentration and mixing by deflation over multiple glacial- interglacial cycles.Sao, O., Giresse, P., de Lumley, H., Faure, O., Perrenoud, C., Saos, T., Rachid, M.O. and Touré, O.C., 2008. Les environnements sédimentaires des gisements pré-acheuléens et acheuléens des wadis Akerdil et Bamouéré (Guelb er-Richât, Adrar, Mauritanie), une première approche. L'Anthropologie, 112(1), pp. 1–14.
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Sketch map of Gaza defences (shown in green) at 09:30 on 25 March 1917 Between Rafa and Gaza, to the east of the coastal sand dunes, a gently rolling plateau of light, firm soil rose slowly inland, crossed by several dry wadis, which became torrential flows in the rainy season. In the spring, after the winter rains, the area was covered by young crops or fresh grass.
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Often the term "Wadi Hauran" is used to refer to the larger geographic area including the wadi itself and its surrounding hills, in addition to small wadis branching from it. Bounded by steep banks and at a depth varying between the valley is the deepest in Iraq. Although it is usually dry there are oases located in the eastern part of the valley, and in rainy seasons can become a watercourse.
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Dana Gorge Dana Biosphere Reserve, often simply called Dana Nature Reserve, is Jordan's largest reserve, located in and around the town of Dana in the mountains east of Wadi Araba. The geography of the reserve is characterized by steep cliffs in rocky wadis covered by small trees and shrubs. The varied geology switches from limestone to sandstone to granite. Some illegal activities such as grazing and woodcutting continue.
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Leopards were also sighted in the Musandam Peninsula, particularly Ras Musandam. The home range of Arabian leopards in this reserve is roughly estimated at about for males and for females. The Dhofar mountain range is considered the best habitat for leopards in the country. This rugged terrain provides shelters, shade and trapped water, and harbors a wide variety of prey species, in particular in escarpments and narrow wadis.
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The storm washed away the topsoil or otherwise wrecked of crop fields, accounting for US$100 million in agriculture damage. At least 1,820 houses were destroyed, many of them built on wadis, or dry river beds. Overall damage was estimated at US$1.2 billion, and there were 338 deaths in Yemen. The World Bank assisted in a project to rebuild the damaged infrastructure in Yemen and to mitigate against future floods.
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Unlike the Gazala breakout, the battalion columns now faced German armour, and the ground was broken by steep-sided Wadis. The 8th D.L.I. was ambushed while driving out of a wadi and lost its D Company. The original orders had specified Fuka as the meeting point for the division, but this was in enemy hands, and some columns which had not been informed of this were captured.Rissik pp.
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The storm washed away the topsoil or otherwise wrecked of crop fields, accounting for US$100 million in agriculture damage. At least 1,820 houses were destroyed, many of them built on wadis, or dry river beds. Overall damage was estimated at US$1.2 billion, and there were 338 deaths in Yemen. The World Bank assisted in a project to rebuild the damaged infrastructure in Yemen and to mitigate against future floods.
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The municipality reaches an average elevation of approximately above sea level. The main town lies at an elevation of , at the confluence of the two intermittent wadis Oued Rellachene and Oued Iheri. A rocky mountain range, part of the Ahaggar Mountains rises to the west of the town reaching about . There is significant vegetation in the river valleys; the area belongs to the West Saharan montane xeric woodlands ecoregion.
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The hamerkop occurs in Africa south of the Sahara, Madagascar, and coastal south-west Arabia. It requires shallow water in which to forage, and is found in all wetland habitats, including rivers, streams, seasonal pools, estuaries, reservoirs, marshes, mangroves, irrigated land such as rice paddies, savannahs, and forests. In Tanzania, it has also recently begun to feed on rocky shores. In Arabia, it is found in rocky wadis with running water and trees.
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The Toubou live mainly along the wadis, on rare oases where palm trees and limited grains grow. They harness the water that collects in gueltas, the supply of which is highly variable from year-to-year and decade-to-decade. The plateaus are used to graze livestock in the winter and harvest grain in the summer. Temperatures are high, although the altitude ensures that the range is cooler than the surrounding desert.
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Rivers include the Melah and Chiba wadis. Mountains include Kef Bou Krim (), Kef er- Rend (), Djebel Sidi Abd er-Rahmane (), Djebel Hofra (), and Djebel Reba el- Aine (). Besides Cape Bon, other headlands on the peninsula are Ras Dourdas and Ras el-Fortass on the northern shore, Ras el-Melah on the short eastern shore, and Ras Mostefa and Ras Maamoura on the southern shore. The ruins of the Punic town Kerkouane are also located here.
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Tell Shihab is situated on the promontory formed by the junction of Wadi al-Meddan and Wadi Tell Shihab, which represents the modern borders between Syria and Jordan. With the presence of several wadis there is an abundance of water in the town. It is one of the lowest-lying towns in the mountainous Hauran region, with an elevation of over above sea level. Surrounding Tell Shihab are stretches of wheat fields.
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This runs along a mountainside for most of its route. When full, the water in the canal is deep and flows purely by gravity apart from where two deep wadis intersect the course of the canal (Nahal Amud and Nahal Tzalmon). To overcome these obstacles, water is carried through steel pipes shaped like an inverted siphon. The canal transfers the water into the Tzalmon Reservoir, a 1 hm3 operational reservoir in the Nahal Tzalmon valley.
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The city's main course is still Gaâfour and Siliana. The course begins wadis are controlled by the dam of El Akhmim; above of Siliana Siliana and the reservoir; and on the left side near the mouth is the Sidi Salem Reservoir. The river crosses between different altitude regions clothes Yahia OLED 584 meters and 1347 meters in Jebel Serj an average difference of 400 meters and different rainfall (a difference of 150 mm / year).
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Twenty-one of the thirty seven largest aquifers "have exceeded sustainability tipping points and are being depleted" and thirteen of them are "considered significantly distressed". A plateau more than high extends across much of the Arabian Peninsula. The plateau slopes eastwards from the massive, rifted escarpment along the coast of the Red Sea, to the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf. The interior is characterised by cuestas and valleys, drained by a system of wadis.
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There are many such wadis in Girgaon namely - Vaidyawadi (Annapurna wadi) Bhatwadi, Jitekar wadi, Gaiwadi, Kandewadi, Bhutachi wadi, Urankar wadi, Fanas waadi, Pimpal wadi etc. One of these- Khotachi wadi is very famous for its Portuguese style wooden architecture. It is mainly inhabited by Catholics and Maharashtrian Hindus. These houses are now largely being pulled down to make way for sky scrapers and now number less than half of what it was originally.
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The only mineral exploited in Chad was sodium carbonate, or natron. Also called sal soda or washing soda, natron was used as a salt for medicinal purposes, as a preservative for hides, and as an ingredient in the traditional manufacture of soap; herders also fed it to their animals. Natron deposits were located around the shore of Lake Chad and the wadis of Kanem Prefecture. Natron occurs naturally in two forms: white and black.
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The central Sahara is hyperarid, with sparse vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis, where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid region, there are many subdivisions of the great desert: Tanezrouft, the Ténéré, the Libyan Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nubian Desert and others. These extremely arid areas often receive no rain for years.
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The long summer (May through September) is characterized by intense heat and alternating dryness and humidity, with temperatures reaching . Temperatures are moderate from November to April, ranging from as high as in April to as low as in January.Casey & Vine (1991), p. 69 Rainfall is negligible, averaging per year, confined to the winter months, and falling in brief, sometimes heavy storms that often flood the small ravines and the usually dry wadis.
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Jebel Dair (also Jabal ad-Dayr or Dair Mountain) () is an igneous mountain in central Sudan. It rises over 1000m above the surrounding terrain and 1451m above sea level. The flanks of the mountain apparently have been denuded of vegetation, although water exists in some of the meandering stream channels within the darker, vegetated wadis. It can be seen as the dark, fractured structure near the center of the photograph to the right.
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In a wider sense, Hadhramaut includes the territory of Mahra to the east all the way to the contemporary border with Oman. This encompasses the current governorates of Hadramaut and Mahra in their entirety as well as parts of the Shabwah Governorate. The Hadhramis live in densely built towns centered on traditional watering stations along the wadis. Hadhramis harvest crops of wheat and millet, tend date palm and coconut groves, and grow some coffee.
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The hills reach elevations of more than 1,900 m. The region's most prominent feature is the easterly chain of rugged mountains, the Red Sea Hills, which extend from the Nile Valley eastward to the Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea. This elevated region has a natural drainage pattern that rarely functions because of insufficient rainfall. It also has a complex of irregular, sharply cut wadis that extend westward toward the Nile.
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The Somali golden-winged grosbeak is typically found between 1,060 and 2,800 metres ASL in forested wadis and areas of scrub, namely in relict East African Juniper (Juniperus procera) forests. The juniper fruit appear to form the bulk of its diet. This bird is the least-known of the golden-winged grosbeaks. Even before the start of the Somali Civil War in the late 1980s, little ornithological fieldwork was being done in this country.
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The southwestern and northern side of the Meidob volcanic field drain into the Wadi Harra and subsequently into the Wadi Magrur, which flows northeastward when it carries water. In the present day most of the wadis draining the Meidob northeastward such as Wadi Umm Afarit end in inland deltas, in past wet periods they reached the Wadi Magrur. In turn, Wadi Magrur discharged into Wadi Howar, leading to the development of wetlands.
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Unlike the Great Sand Sea, the coastal portion of the Libyan Desert is stony rather than sandy, but it is no less arid, and supports little vegetation. Close to the coast, the ground was broken by wadis. Military vehicles could traverse the stony desert with little difficulty, although the heat, dust and wind caused their rapid deterioration. Because it was so thinly populated, bombs and shells could be used with minimal risk of civilian casualties.
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The oases Moghrar Foukani and Moghrar Tahtani are characterized by regs, hamadas and wadis more or less dry. The two oases have more than sixty wells for the irrigation of the gardens of the palm grove. In addition, there is also the exploitation of the traditional system of foggaras sources (or foggara of Al Ain in Arabic) allowing a rational use of water. The foggaras are still functional and there are two of them.
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The Niger River passes through the commune for about 50 kilometres. Several wadis runoff into the river including the Kamgala, Soror, Bolilam in Hausa, then that of Imminan in the Gourma. The commune of Ouattagouna contains several small lakes, the most important being Afrag, Barguvi, Tamakazène, Soror Koutou, Tirrazir, Tikoubaradène, Tangouba, Tin Chiguéren, Tinibit, Petan Tibanguir, Gardabani, Tabakatt, Darous Bangou and others. Vegetation is mainly influenced by climate and is composed primarily of savannah grassland.
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In general, the W slope constitutes an oasis, with wells, bushes and grass. The western part of the massif consists of intrusive granite, arranged in a ring shape of some 25 km diameter, ending in three valleys (wadis) towards the west, named Karkur Hamid, Karkur Idriss and Karkur Ibrahim. Its eastern part consists of sandstone, ending in Karkur Talh. In Karkur Murr there is a permanent oasis (Guelta), Ain El Brins (Bir Murr).
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The mechanism explained a variety of ancient agricultural features, terraced wadis, channels for collecting runoff rainwater, and the phenomenon of "Tuleilat el-Anab", grape mounds. Evenari himself cared about the cultural heritage of the Bedouin and saw them more as 'fathers' than 'sons of the desert'.Evenari M (1974) Desert Farmers: Ancient and Modern. Natural History 83(7):42-49 He worked as well on algae fuel, a special sort of renewable resource and biofuel.
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After the annexation by emperor Trajan in 106 AD, the infrastructure of the newly established Provincia Arabia was greatly expanded by the construction of Roman forts and military roads to ward off nomadic incursions; in Bostra the Legio III Cyrenaica was stationed. The rugged terrain, with many wadis crisscrossing it, made necessary the construction of solid bridges, another two of which have survived to this day: the Gemarrin Bridge and the Kharaba Bridge.
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The aqueduct starts at a Roman dam in Dilli (al-Dali, also spelled el-Dilli, Eldili, ad- Dili, c. 7 km north of the sub-district residence town of Al-Shaykh Maskin, Izra District, Daraa Governorate, Syria). From there, this part of the aqueduct line crosses several wadis via bridges. During the last few decades, more than of the remaining substructions were demolished on the plains between Dilli and Dera'a near the Syria-Jordan border.
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There are 20 pans in the northeast and east of Lake Abbe, a number of small pans and one large pan of area to the north and northeast of Lake Assal in the elevation range of support very little vegetation. Pans and valley floors of small wadis (streams) in the coastal hills lying in the elevation range of , and the largest of these pans covers . They have salt marsh or salt desert vegetation.
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This species is endemic to the mountainous eastern region of the United Arab Emirates and northern region of Oman. It is often the most common fish species in its range. In both countries it is present on the western side of the mountains and in Oman, it is also present on the east side. This fish typically lives in wadis, in gravel or rock pools, in springs, in small streams and in slow-moving water.
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291 Westview Press, 2000 At its higher reaches, the river banks are mostly steep and canyon-like. Near Ain Ghazal, two tributary wadis join the river, and it opens up into a shallow basin.Rollefson, Gary O, Ain Ghazal: An Early Neolithic Community in Highland Jordan, near Amman, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 255 (Summer, 1984) It forms the border between the Jordanian administrative regions of Irbid and Balqa Governorate.
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The geological origins of the Zarqa river are about 30 million years old, when the Jordan Rift Valley was formed. A ripple effect of its formation was the creation of side-wadis. The Zarqa river carved into the western edge of one of these side wadis.Zarqa River Eco Development The earliest exposed formations in the area date from the Triassic and early Jurassic periods, and have been named Zerqa and Kurnub formations.
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Andéramboukane is a rural, isolated, and largely desert area, crisscrossed by seasonal wadis, part of an ancient dry river system of the Azawagh region (the Iullemmeden Basin). The area is just south of the rocky outcrops of the Ader Douchi hills, and north of the Sahel scrubland which begins in Niger. Most of the population of the area are nomadic Tuareg or other nomadic minorities, including the Wodaabe Fula. The sedentary population is a largely low caste Tuareg community.
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The forest is known as the driest places in the region and ranges over 60 km and is changing in altitude of 500m to 1000m above sea level. The rock within the reserve is a mixture of limestone and chalky limestone, which has been formed into steep slopes. The average rainfall is per year. Within the forest, there is a variety of moisture conditions, with wadis giving different regimes from those found on the steep slopes.
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Their basins are separated by an high watershed that runs from Tarso Tieroko in the west to Tarso Mohi in the east. The Enneri Tijitinga is the longest wadi in the range, flowing some southward. It forms in the west of the range and peters out in the Bodélé Depression, as does Enneri Miski a little further to the east, along with other wadis such as the Enneri Korom and Enneri Aouei. The Enneri Douanré also flows southward.
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A. boskianus is found in Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, southern Turkey, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates. It is one of the most common diurnal lizards over much of its range, and is found in a diversity of habitats, including coastal plains and cultivated areas, saltmarshes, oases and wadis, usually in areas with a light to moderate vegetation cover on sandy or gravelly substrates.
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Astronauts' view of Jerusalem Sunset aerial photograph of the Mount of Olives Jerusalem is situated on the southern spur of a plateau in the Judaean Mountains, which include the Mount of Olives (East) and Mount Scopus (North East). The elevation of the Old City is approximately . The whole of Jerusalem is surrounded by valleys and dry riverbeds (wadis). The Kidron, Hinnom, and Tyropoeon Valleys intersect in an area just south of the Old City of Jerusalem.
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The area is a hilly, rocky area cut by some wadis. The Armistice Demarcation Line (ADL, Green line) runs generally east to west approximately five kilometers south of as Samu. The village of as Samu is located on twin hills with a wadi varying from shallow to deep between them.UN Doc According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics the town had a population of 19,649 in 2007.2007 PCBS Census Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.121.
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The EEF began a new phase of offensive operation in March 1918, the so-called Actions of Tel 'Asur. At dawn on 12 March, 162nd Brigade assaulted behind a creeping barrage, 'The infantry – Londons and Bedfords – were seen to disappear into the wadis in the pale light and then to reappear scrambling up the steep hillsides like lines of ants'.Sainsbury, pp. 76–7. Having occupied a much better line, the 54th Division settled down to a defensive routine.
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Hafirs were an important feature of the Meroitic civilization in the Butana and were often built in the immediate vicinity of temples, for example the Great Hafir near the Lion Temple in Musawwarat es- Sufra. 800 ancient and modern hafirs have been registered in the Butana. Some scholars assume that the hafirs near temples were a Meroitic policy to control pastoralists’ movements and collect taxes.Intisar Soghayroun, Elzein Soghayroun (2010); Trade and Wadis System(s) in Muslim Sudan; p.
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TTRM rainfall map During its passage, Phet dropped of rainfall and produced winds of 157 km/h (98 mph) on Oman's offshore Masirah Island. On the mainland, winds reached around 120 km/h (75 mph) at Sur along the eastern coastline, while rainfall peaked at in Qurayyat. The heavy rainfall filled and overflowed the newly completed Wadi Dhaiqah Dam, and inundated wadis, which are normally dry river beds. Flash flooding along river banks swept away and killed seven people.
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Sprawling Chickoo wadis (farms), rose gardens, salt pans are among the other things that dot the landscape. The Dahanu beach is an extensive 15 km stretch lined by coconut and Saru (casuarina equisetifolia) trees. This is mostly crowded on the weekend when people from the metropolitan city of Mumbai come to visit as it is a short commute. The other days life is very laid back and the beach does not see much tourist crowd except inhabitants of Dahanu.
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Most areas are drained by ephemeral watercourses called wadis, which are dry except during the rainy season. Plentiful ancient aquifers exist beneath much of the peninsula, however, and where this water surfaces, oases form (e.g. Al-Hasa and Qatif, two of the world's largest oases) and permit agriculture, especially palm trees, which allowed the peninsula to produce more dates than any other region in the world. In general, the climate is extremely hot and arid, although there are exceptions.
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Little is known of pre-historical times in Umm el-Jimal, aside from the few scattered remains of what appear to be settlements of nomadic hunter- gatherer tribes. In some of these places it is possible to find chert knapping stones and some prehistoric tools. In the nearby wadis the remains of kites, which are large animal traps, have been found. The prehistoric people would have used these to catch large groups of animals at once (Hoksbergen 2010).
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Stamp of Fezzan and Ghadames showing Fort Sebha, 1946. A map showing the location of Fezzan This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Fezzan and Ghadames, both now part of Libya. Fezzan is a south-western region of modern Libya. It is largely desert but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara.
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Egypt is rich in building and decorative stone, copper and lead ores, gold, and semiprecious stones. These natural resources allowed the ancient Egyptians to build monuments, sculpt statues, make tools, and fashion jewelry. Embalmers used salts from the Wadi Natrun for mummification, which also provided the gypsum needed to make plaster. Ore-bearing rock formations were found in distant, inhospitable wadis in the Eastern Desert and the Sinai, requiring large, state-controlled expeditions to obtain natural resources found there.
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5-6 Many houses had neighbouring small plots marked as "orchards". There was a small market place in the village, as well as six grain mills (powered by the numerous springs and wadis in the vicinity), and a health center. The various quarters of Lajjun had many shops. A bus company was established in Lajjun by a villager from Umm al-Fahm; the bus line served Umm al-Fahm, Haifa, and a number of villages, such as Zir'in.
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The wadis are now dry most of the year, but during the rainy season their discharge is disproportional to the size of their valleys, suggesting that the region was much more humid and water was more abundant in the past. The early city, dating to the Early Bronze Age IV (2200–2100 BC), was built in a circular plan; this circular site became the upper city (acropolis) of Qatna's later phases and was surrounded by a lower rectangular city.
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Reeds in Shaumari Shaumari Wildlife Reserve is located in the eastern Jordanian desert, close to Azraq Wetland Reserve. The geology comprises desert wadis making up 65% of the area and Hammada areas covered in black flint forming 35% of the reserve. Founded in 1975, Shaumari was founded for the wildlife in the desert area. One of the main goals of the reserve has been to bring back locally extinct species, notably the Arabian oryx, into the wild.
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The Arabian Golden-winged Grosbeak is typically found between 1,060 and 2,800 metres ASL in forested wadis and areas of scrub. Its range encompasses Dhofar in Oman, the Mahra of eastern Yemen, and the mountains of northern YemenMartins (1987) to Saudi Arabia. It ranges as far north as Al Hara near Ta'if, where one or two birds were seen on April 26–27, 1996.Davidson & Kirwan (1996) In southwestern Saudi Arabia it is resident in relict East African Juniper (Juniperus procera) forests.
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Entrance Ajlun castle Ajloun Castle (; transliterated: Qalʻat 'Ajloun), is a 12th-century Muslim castle situated in northwestern Jordan. It is placed on a hilltop belonging to the Mount Ajloun district, also known as Jabal 'Auf after a Bedouin tribe which had captured the area in the 12th century. From its high ground the castle was guarding three wadis which descend towards the Jordan Valley. It was built by the Ayyubids in the 12th century and enlarged by the Mamluks in the 13th.
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To the west, in the vicinity of Tarso Toussidé, are the small plateaus of Tarso Tôh and Tarso Tamertiou, at and , respectively. The plateaus are strewn with volcanic spires and are separated by canyons that have been formed by the irregular flow of wadis. The central part of the range is striated by a network of dry valleys with the north- and east- facing slopes silted by the prevailing winds. After the typically violent rains, these slopes form ephemeral streams and flora.
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Permanent streams do not exist in northern or central Chad. Following infrequent rains in the Ennedi Plateau and Ouaddaï Highlands, water may flow through depressions called enneris and wadis. Often the result of flash floods, such streams usually dry out within a few days as the remaining puddles seep into the sandy clay soil. The most important of these streams is the Batha, which in the rainy season carries water west from the Ouaddaï Highlands and the Guéra Massif to Lake Fitri.
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Oued El Abiod (English: Abiod Valley) is a wadi that forms a mountain pass in the Aurès massif, located in the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria. Along with Oued Abdi, it is one of the most important wadis in the Aurès massif. During the wet season, rain and melting snow flow into the valley to form the Abiod River. The valley begins at the foot of Djebel Chélia, Algeria's highest mountain, and flows southwest towards Tolga, eventually dissipating into the Sahara desert nearby.
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The heavy rainfall flooded roads, low-lying areas, and wadis, or dry river beds. The rains collected in area dams, and created lakes in Rub' al Khali, or the Empty Quarter, a large desert that typically receives of annual rainfall. The rains created the first lakes in the desert in nearly 20 years, which was expected to grow vegetation that could feed local camels for two years. Salalah, just east of the landfall location, recorded sustained winds of 96 km/h (60 mph).
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Formerly forested, the landscape has been much affected by overgrazing. Le déclin du Jbel Ayachi - Les moutons marocains sabotent une montagne It is now dominated by sparse brush, loose stony soil, and sharply defined wadis and ravines. Nomadic Berbers have inhabited the mountains for many years, raising sheep and goats and remaining largely isolated from the sedentary farmers and market towns of the plains. The nomads often come into conflict with government foresters over the use of natural resources, especially trees.
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On 27 April, a fierce battle took place between Yemeni forces in the wadis east of Zingibar involving M60A1 tanks and infantry from Yemen's Amaliqa brigade. Opposing them were the 119th Brigade, which had defected to the opposition. Hundreds of Somali refugees were killed when their camp on the southern coast of Yemen was caught in crossfire between the two sides. The defeat of the DRY forces opened the way for the advance to Aden which fell on 7 July.
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The currently visible remains primarily date from the Byzantine occupation of the site. Halabiye is shaped like a crooked triangle with the east side parallel to the river bank of the Euphrates and the west corner on top of a hill with deep wadis on its north and south sides. The site is protected by massive walls that enclose an area of . The walls on the north and south sides are largely intact, while only remnants of the east wall are still visible.
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The inlet may host grey mangroves, depending on whether less saline water is available from wadis or groundwater. As sediment begins to accumulate, the khors become more shallow and form a lagoon, or intertidal flat. The lagoons continue to fill until the lagoon floor is exposed at low tide, and the sabkha begins to form. A sabkha may be inundated during higher than normal spring tides, after rainstorms, or when driving winds push seawater onshore to a depth of a few centimeters.
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In addition, the Iraqi missile units dispersed their Scud TELs and hid them in culverts, wadis, or under highway bridges. They also practiced "shoot-and-scoot" tactics, withdrawing the launcher to a hidden location immediately after it had fired, while the launch sequence that usually took 90 minutes was reduced to half an hour. This enabled them to preserve their forces, despite optimistic claims by the coalition. A post-war Pentagon study concluded that relatively few launchers had been destroyed by coalition aircraft.
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However, I cannot find it on those pages, instead there is information about Elusa on p.297 ff In 1905, the Ecole Biblique of Jerusalem studied archaeological remains in al-Khalasa, and a British survey drew up the plan of an entire the archaeological site. The renewed interest of the village encouraged al-Khalasa's resettlement by the al-Azizma Bedouin tribe of the Negev. They built the village with a triangular plan in between two wadis, with houses constructed of mud and stone.
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Antoine Bernard d'Attanoux found water in the lake when he visited it in March 1894. This was in a rainy period, and the rains in the preceding weeks had overwhelmed the wadis and turned the plain into a vast swamp. The expedition had to avoid the valley floors and travel with some difficulty by the higher land. Attanoux could not approach the lake very closely, and set up his camp a few kilometers to the southwest at the mouth of the Wadi Timatouiet.
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Oued Zeroud drainage basin. Zeroud Oued (واد زرود) is a stream in central Tunisia at Latitude, it flows via Sebkhet Cherita Lake, into the Mediterranean Sea at the Gulf of Hammamet. Its average course is forty kilometers even if the maximum length of its bed reaches 150 kilometers. It collects its water basin upstream by a series of wadis draining the Nara region and Jebel Tazza, all being retained by the dam Sidi Saad, located about 45 kilometers southwest of Kairouan.
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The places where Nebra's name is displayed lie along a very old route used for expeditions from the western shore of the Sinai to its inland, where copper and turquoise mines existed. Along the wadis the names of predynastic kings up to pharaohs of the 4th Dynasty are located at the same places.Pierre Tallet, Damien Laisnay: Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene. In: Bulletin de l'Institut Français D'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO), vol.
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The municipality accounts for roughly 2.5% of Qatar's total area. According to the Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME), the municipality accommodates 19 rawdas, which were historically popular spots for settlements as they were typically rich in vegetation due to water and sediment run-off. No less than eight of Al Daayen's villages were established near or on rawdas, including Al Rehayya, Al Sakhama and Al Masrouhiya. Upwards of 15 wadis were recorded, a notable one being Wadi Al Banat.
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Saudi Arabia's geography is dominated by the Arabian Desert, associated semi-desert and shrubland (see satellite image) and several mountain ranges and highlands. It is, in fact, a number of linked deserts and includes the Rub' al Khali ("Empty Quarter") in the southeastern part of the country, the world's largest contiguous sand desert. Though there are a few lakes in the country, Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the world by area with no permanent rivers. Wadis, however, are very numerous.
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The country's mean annual surface runoff has been estimated at more than 2 billion cubic meters per year. The country has eleven renewable alluvial aquifers with an estimated combined mean annual recharge of nearly 1 billion cubic meters per year. According to the World Resources Institute the renewable groundwater and surface water resources overlap, i.e. the entire renewable groundwater resources originate in recharge from rivers (Wadis) so that total renewable water resources are in the order of 2 cubic kilometres/year.
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It is likely that Bedouins visited the region mainly during times of suitable weather, such as the rainy season. Herdsman were able to nourish their camels with the saline water, which would, in turn, yield drinkable milk. According to the Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME), the municipality accommodates 192 rawdas, 13 wadis, four jeris (places where water flows), seven plains, 14 hills, four highlands, seven sabkhas, four bays, and three coral reefs. The only cape recorded here is Ras Al Maharef.
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Awlan village is located at 17.54°N 73.91°E.[1] It has an average elevation of 560 metres (1200 ft) and . Located about 150 km (95 mi) southwest of Pune and 340 km (210 mi) from Mumbai, Awalan is a vast plateau measuring 150 km2 (58 sq mi), bound by valleys on all sides. It reaches a height of 1,439 m (4,721 ft) at its highest peak above sea level, known as Uteshwar Temple Awalan comprises four wadis: Manewadi, Khalchiwadi, Varchiwadi, and Baudhwadi.
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At the end of the 7th century, however, Gadara declined and the tall became the central settlement once again. Its importance stems from three facts: First, its position in an area of fertile soil and surrounded by two freshwater-bearing wadis (Wadi el-'Arab and Wadi az-Zahar). Second, there is an active freshwater artesian spring on top of the tall. It has been a beneficial and wondrous phenomenon, and a very important factor from a strategic point of view.
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Fragment of Nubian Desert seen from space The Nubian Desert (, Şaḩrā’ an Nūbyah) is in the eastern region of the Sahara Desert, spanning approximately 400,000 km2 of northeastern Sudan and northern Eritrea, between the Nile and the Red Sea. The arid region is rugged and rocky and contains some dunes, it also contains many wadis that die out before reaching the Nile. The average annual rainfall in the Nubian Desert is less than .Nubian Desert, Encyclopædia Britannica The native inhabitants of the area are the Nubians.
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The Hadhramaut Valley is a large region in southern Yemen spanning approximately . It consists of a narrow, arid coastal plain bounded by the steep escarpment of a broad plateau averaging around of altitude, with a sparse network of deeply sunk wadis (seasonal watercourses). Although the southern edge of Hadhramaut borders the Arabian Sea, Tarim is located around inland from the coast and north-east of Seiyun. The region is characterized by rocky plateaus that reach elevations of around , and are separated by numerous valleys.
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Preston 1921 p. 186 The section of the valley patrolled by the Anzac Mounted Division was crossed by the wadis Auja, Mellahah, Nueiameh and the Kelt as well as the Jordan River with several extensive marshes in the jungle on its banks. The nullahs were astonishingly deep, usually with dense vegetation and quite big trees. The area was notorious for subtertian or malignant malaria and in particular the whole valley of the Wadi el Mellahah was swarming with anopheles larvae, the worst kind of mosquitoes.
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This event is widely followed around Chiplun and attracts a major crowd every year. Other localities (or wadis) in the village which are situated in the mountain and are inaccessible by road largely include Nhaviwadi, inhabited by only people belonging to Barber's profession, Kunbiwadi inhabited by people belonging to Kunbi caste and Brahminwadi with people belonging to Brahmin caste. Brahmins have always been intellectually strong community, though very few remain in the village now. Most of them have settled in Pune and Mumbai areas.
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Sinai is a rich area in medicinal plants, especially around the St Katherine area. The St Katherine Protected Area contains more than 100 species of medicinal and herbal plants which are threatened by over-collection. Over-collection coupled with grazing pushes many species of plants to extinction. In the last ten years unmanaged human activities have threatened endemic and rare species with extinction, resulted in disappearance of pastoral plant communities, and have caused an increased dominance of unpalatable plant species, in lower wadis and around settlements.
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126 Meissner, who had been involved with the building of the Baghdad Railway, constructed the railway, which crossed numerous wadis on "fine, arched bridges of dressed stone." Preston 1921 p. 35 This railway could very quickly at any time, be used to transport large numbers of Ottoman troops to Hafir el Auja which remained available for use as a base. The early May patrol had found well built stone buildings, barracks, a hospital and a large water reservoir at Hafir el Auja,Falls 1930 Vol.
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Snow is the best source of water as it melts slowly, thus releasing water at a steady pace, replenishing the underwater catchment areas better. Water from rain flows down fast in the barren mountains, which may cause flash floods and less water would remain. The views from the highest mountains in Egypt are extensive, and there are many other natural sights in the wadi system. There are springs, creeks, water pools, narrow canyons, steep wadis with large boulders, rock formations, and barren plains with islands of vegetation.
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The Khabur River is the largest perennial tributary to the Euphrates in Syria. Although the Khabur originates in Turkey, the karstic springs around Ras al- Ayn are the river's main source of water. Several important wadis join the Khabur north of Al-Hasakah, together creating what is known as the Khabur Triangle, or Upper Khabur area. From north to south, annual rainfall in the Khabur basin decreases from over 400 mm to less than 200 mm, making the river a vital water source for agriculture throughout history.
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Iron deposits found in upper Egypt were utilized in the Late Period. High-quality building stones were abundant in Egypt; the ancient Egyptians quarried limestone all along the Nile valley, granite from Aswan, and basalt and sandstone from the wadis of the Eastern Desert. Deposits of decorative stones such as porphyry, greywacke, alabaster, and carnelian dotted the Eastern Desert and were collected even before the First Dynasty. In the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods, miners worked deposits of emeralds in Wadi Sikait and amethyst in Wadi el-Hudi.
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Users can borrow books on the honor system, as well as donate books to the project. Books in Hebrew, French, English, and Arabic have been donated to the project. Unlike other large Jerusalem parks like Sacher Park and the Valley of the Cross which occupy wadis, the Train Track Park is embedded in the urban fabric. Its presence has improved the desirability of the neighborhoods situated along its route, with increased home prices and an influx of younger residents and families with children being seen.
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Mode of payment to labourers was in the form of conches and mollusc shells. Herds of cattle were pressed into service, to trample the freshy excavated and water-sprinkled soil dumped for the dam-wall, to provide solidity. Water stored in the reservoir, would be provided free of cost to all farmers. After completing the dam, to express their gratitude to God, a fish of the ‘Wadis’ species was caught and adored with 30 Tolas of Gold ornaments and again released in the tank.
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In Amguel lies at an elevation of on the southern bank of a wadi that cuts through a plateau lying to the northwest of the Hoggar Mountains. The numerous wadis in the area support some vegetation, but beyond them the land is barren and rocky. In Amguel will be remembered for was the scene of several underground Nuclear Tests conducted by the French military. They included the now infamous Béryl incident which released a cloud of radioactive dust outside the tunnel entrance, contaminating officials viewing the test.
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The Jebel Akhdar consists of a mountainous plateau rising to an altitude of , cut by several valleys and wadis. It forms the north- western part of the peninsula that sticks north into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Gulf of Sidra on the west, and the Levantine Basin on the east. It runs from Bengazi eastward to just east of Derna, fronting the coast for about . Due to erosion and deposition the plateau is sometimes as much as from the shore, but it forms cliffs on the headlands.
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The fertile areas are to be found in the alluvial deposits in wadis, basins, and oases. The main topographical feature is the central plateau which rises abruptly from the Red Sea and gradually descends into the Nejd and toward the Persian Gulf. On the Red Sea coast, there is a narrow coastal plain, known as the Tihamah parallel to which runs an imposing escarpment. The southwest province of Asir is mountainous, and contains the Mount Sawda, which is the highest point in the country.
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The natural stone of the Transjordan region is beds of limestone and chalky limestone laid down in marine deposits in the Eocene and raised above sea level as the Belqa Group in the middle Eocene. Their relatively soft stone is extensively transected by eroded wadis and is covered by meters of erosional soil termed terra rossa The Abila site is covered by approximately a meter of another, closely related soil, Rendzina. Both soils are fertile, contributing to the agriculture and arboriculture of the area.
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Sample of typical conglomerate showing pebbles of Variscan origin The majority of the lower Triassic clastic sediments originated from a Variscan source area in northern France with minor local input. Some Alderley Edge conglomerates, consist of material originating from the Pennine block to the east. Breccias with clasts of local origin, are well developed on the edges of the basin and are interpreted as gravel fans at the mouths of wadis emerging from mountainous areas bordering the depositional basin. Others show long distance river transport by a powerful river system originating in the Armorican Massif.
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Habitat wise, the Saharan zone occupies a third of the country, and is made up of Sahara Desert and the Sahel (which is a zone of transition between the two). There is hardly any vegetation as the habitat comprises "unvegetated regs, hamadas, dunes and wadis" and also a few oases. On the south-eastern part of this zone is the Adrar des Iforhas Massif rising to a height of , which is part of the Ahaggar Massif in southern Algeria. Average precipitation in the zone is reported to be less than .
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However, as the top of the dam was not beheaded it was not protected from flood water that would over-top the crest. The dam's proximity to the fertile Nile River and distance from populations indicates it was built for protection against such events, similar to those that still occur today. If complete, the dam would have stored – of water and flooding would have caused the reservoir to flood into adjacent parallel wadis. The dam's failure likely made Egyptian engineers reluctant to construct another for nearly eight centuries.
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The Jebel Azao is a peak in the Adrar massif of the Tassili N'Ajjer, a sandstone plateau to the northeast of the Hoggar Mountains The mountain forms a ridge on the plateau, roughly parallel to the escarpment. The massif is mainly made of sandstone, which has resulted in the formation of many natural rock arches. Mt. Afao is drained by various wadis, which converge on the Wadi Imirhou. This wadi runs northeast, then turns to the northwest and disappears in the Issaouane Erg sands to the west of Illizi.
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Five rivers in the northern half of the Tibesti Mountains flow to Libya and are part of the Mediterranean Basin, while the southern half belongs to the endorheic basin of Lake Chad. However, none of the rivers travel long distances, as the water evaporates in the desert heat or seeps into the ground, although the latter may be carried great distances by subterranean aquifers. Satellite image of Tibesti enneris The wadis in the Tibesti are called enneris. The water originates from the storms that periodically rage over the mountains.
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The stretch between Amadiya and the Bekhme Gorge, where the Bekhme Dam remains unfinished, has been called the Sapna valley and will have a large portion of it inundated with water if the project is completed. Numerous mountain streams and wadis join the Great Zab on its right and left banks. The Great Zab receives most of its waters from the left-bank tributaries; the Rubar-i-Shin, Rukuchuk, Rubar-i-Ruwandiz, Rubat Mawaran and Bastura Chai. The length of the Great Zab has been variously estimated at and .
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From Bardia west to El Adem the ground undulates with several east–west ridges, the north-facing sides usually being escarpments only passable by vehicles in a few places. Further north is the Via Balbia along the coast and then a jumble of wadis to the sea shore. One ridge is north of the Trigh Capuzzo track, which runs along either side of the southern escarpment. Near El Adem the Trigh Capuzzo lies between the ridges as does the Tobruk by-pass, built during the Siege of Tobruk.
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Capture of Beersheba's northeast sector Soon after the Anzac Mounted Division's 2nd Light Horse and the New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigades advances began at 09:00, they were targeted by heavy artillery fire from the hills on the north side of the Beersheba-to-Jerusalem road. The two brigades were also forced to slow their advance across the plain, cut by a number of narrow, deep wadis, which made fast riding impossible. At this time, shells from the XX Corps' bombardment could be seen bursting on the hills west of Beersheba.Falls 1930 Vol.
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One squadron of the 2nd Light Horse Regiment and one squadron of 3rd Light Horse Regiment (1st Light Horse Brigade) followed the retreating Ottoman soldiers to take up a position near the junction of the wadis to the west of Tel el Saba. From there, they fired on the retiring Ottoman units moving northwest over the high ground. At the same time, one squadron of the 2nd Light Horse Regiment (1st Light Horse Brigade) advanced against a counterattack launched from Beersheba, "and drove it off".Kinloch 2007 p.
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Its one of the major contribution of Dalwais among many, that this community has given to Chiplun Taluka. A small shady country road (ridden with potholes and ignored for repairs for a long time now) emerges at this junction. This small road meanders to the left side away from the main Guhagar road towards ethnically divided localities (Wadis in Marathi/Kokani) of Mirjoli village, finally culminating at the historic and much revelry followed Mahalaxmi Temple. As we move a little forward on this small internal road, we come to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar chowk.
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The training area is also characterized with ancient lava flows, as well as dry lake beds and arroyos (or wadis) that fill quickly during rain, presenting the danger of powerful floods and washouts that can move armored vehicles. Many abandoned mines dot the terrain, as well as unexploded ordnance and shrapnel, making unauthorized travel in the training areas dangerous. The climate is described best as arid and upland desert. Summer temperatures can peak at 120 °F and bottom at 15 °F in the winter, with an annual average of 67 °F.
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The lake was nourished by runoff from the Ennedi, Erdi Ma and part of the Kufrah Depression, as well as groundwater; at least one site of the lake floor shows evidence of the release of pressurized water and evidence of higher groundwater levels is widespread in the eastern Sahara. The catchment of the lake covers a surface area of , with later estimates of . This runoff reached the lake through various wadis, many of which entered Lake Ptolemy from the north, such as Wadi Fesh-Fesh. The Ennedi was critical for the water balance of lake.
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The human population of these regions is low, settled agriculture is only viable in valleys where there is a supply of water, such as dayas, depressions with good quality soil, and the beds of wadis. In these areas it is possible to cultivate fodder and food crops. Such agriculture may not be possible in every year and they farmers shift to follow the rainfall.. Poupulation densities are low and most of the population are somewhat nomadic, however, there are some permanent settlements in coastal towns where the main economic activity is fishing.
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The site of this protected area extends from a latitude of 19°30'N and longitude of 45°30'E, to a latitude of 19° 10'N and longitude of 45° 15'E, with a total area of . As well as the dissected limestone plateau underlying the linear dunes, the reserve includes part of the Tuwaiq Escarpment, wadis and gravel plains. The ergs of red sand lie parallel to each other and may be as much as high. They are separated by corridors with sandy or gravelly bases.
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Rüppell's fox is among the desert animals found in the 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid. 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid has been designated an Important Plant Area because of the richness of its plant life as compared to other parts of the Empty Quarter, and the presence of many plant species endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. The limestone escarpment has little vegetation but the wadis crease the sides of the escarpment and support a variety of shrubby growth including Acacias, grasses and perennial legumes. Some scanty vegetation grows on the dunes, particularly Calligonum crinitum ssp.
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The annual plants Stipa tortilis, Picris cyanocarpa and Anthemis appear after rains. On the thin slopes below the rocks, Acacia gerrardii is dominant and is accompanied by other woody shrubs such as Searsia, Periploca, Gymnocarpos and Ephedra foliata. In the wadis and runnels, more Acacia gerrardi grows, associated with Lycium shawii, Pulicaria undulata, Ochradenus baccatus and Zilla spinosa. The combined area of Jabal Aja and Northern Ha'il has been designated an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area because of its importance as a centre for migratory birds especially the demoiselle crane (Grus virgo).
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The traditional people of the area, the Jebeliya Bedouin, are a unique people having been brought from south-eastern Europe in the 6th century AD. Originally Christians, they soon converted to Islam and intermarried with other nomad tribes. Some segments of the tribe arrived relatively recently from the Arabian Peninsula. Their culture is very similar to other Bedouin groups, but they preserved some unique features. Contrary to other Bedouin tribes, the Jebeliya have always been practicing agriculture and are expert gardeners which is evident in the wadis around Saint Catherine.
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The western coastal escarpment of the Arabian Peninsula is composed of two mountain ranges, the Hijaz Mountain to the north and the Asir Mountains farther south, with a gap between them near the middle of the peninsula's coastline. From an elevation of , the range declines towards the vicinity of the gap about . The mountain wall drops abruptly on the western side toward the Red Sea, leaving the narrow coastal plain of Tihamah. The eastern slopes are not as steep, allowing rare rainfall to help create oases around the springs and wells of the few wadis.
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As the land rises up towards the mountains, the mesquite tree, an invasive species from Central America, has become established. The plains around Ras al-Khaimah in the northeast of the country, between the mountains and the sea, are the most heavily cultivated part of the country. The mountains have a cooler, more temperate climate and here there is an abundance of Alpine flowers among the rocks, on slopes and in cracks, fissures and wadis. Jabal Hafeet and the nearby Wadi Tarabat are home to rare flora unique to the region, such as Acridocarpus orientalis.
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The border begins in the west at the tripoint with Mauritania, and is a continuation of the NW-SE straight line that forms the Algeria–Mauritania border. This straight line runs for circa 752 km (467 m). Just north of the 21st parallel north the border shifts southwards, proceeding to the south-east via a series of irregular lines and the Tin-Zaouatene and I-n-Akantarer wadis, before turning to the north-east where a straight line connects up to the tripoint with Niger. The border lies entirely within the Sahara desert.
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Vegetation is rare, and this ecoregion consists mostly of sand dunes (erg, chech, raoui), stone plateaus (hamadas), gravel plains (reg), dry valleys (wadis), and salt flats. It covers of: Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Sudan. The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average but vary greatly from year to year.
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The primary source of the Balikh River is the karstic spring of 'Ayn al-'Arus, just south of the Syria–Turkey border. Additionally, the Balikh receives water from a number of periodical streams and wadis that drain the Harran Plain to the north, as well as the plains to the west and east of the river valley. These streams are the Jullab, the Wadi Qaramogh, and the Wadi al-Kheder. A few kilometres south of 'Ayn al-'Arus, the Balikh is joined by the channel of the Jullab.
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Scholarly theories of the name's origin are somewhat more varied, but none have gained general acceptance. Juris Zarins, rediscoverer of the city claimed to be the ancient Incense Route trade capital Ubar in Oman, suggested that the name may come from the Greek word , i.e. enclosed (and often fortified) watering stations in wadis. In a Nova interview, he described Ubar as: Though it accurately describes the configuration of settlements in the pre-7th century Wadi Ḥaḍramawt, this explanation for the name is anachronistic and has gained no wider scholarly acceptance.
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The Umm al Samim () (also known as the Umm as Samim) is a quicksand area on the eastern edge of the Rub al'khali desert largely within Oman's borders. The waters, such as they are, drain into this brackish low-lying closed basin area off the Omani mountains and the wadis of the Rub al'khali. The Al Samim (known locally as the 'Mother of Poisons' or the 'Mother of Worries') is a salt marsh with a solid-looking crust, but can be very treacherous when broken through. There is little vegetation.
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Besides the Awash, seasonal affluents of Lake Abbe include two wadis, the Oleldere and Abuna Merekes, which enter the lake from the west and south, crossing the salt flats. Although the present area of the lake's open water is , recent droughts and extraction of water from the Awash River for irrigation has caused the water level of the lake to fall. By 1984, the surface area of the lake had decreased to two thirds of what it was in 1940. During this period about of saltflats had formed to the southwest of the lake.
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The UAE territory separating Ru'us al Jibal from the rest of Oman extends almost as far south as the coastal town of Shinas. A narrow, well-populated coastal plain known as Al-Batinah runs from the point at which the sultanate is re-entered to the town of As-Sib, about to the southeast. Across the plains, a number of wadis, heavily populated in their upper courses, descend from the Western Hajar Mountains to the south. A ribbon of oases, watered by wells and underground channels (aflaj), extends the length of the plain, about inland.
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In the following year, Almásy found the third of the "Zerzura" wadis, actually rain oases in the remote desert. On the other hand, Bagnold considered Zerzura as a legend that could never be solved by discovery. The participants of the Zerzura hunt created the Zerzura Club in a bar in Wadi Halfa upon their return in 1930. Many of the club's members remained friends and several went on to serve as officers in the British Army during World War II. Many served in the Long Range Desert Patrol during the North African Campaign.
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Evelegh ordered Brigadier Nelson Russell, commander of the 38th (Irish) Infantry Brigade, to take Centuripe, and the plan was for a night advance to be made with heavy artillery fire available at call. The 6th Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and the 1st Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers were given the main tasks, and the 2nd Battalion, London Irish Rifles were ordered to make a dangerous flanking manoeuvre.Doherty, p.116. On the evening of August 1 the London Irish moved to a lying-up area in the wadis below the foothills of Centuripe.
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After al-Hasan, the son of 'Ali, ceded power to Mu'awiyah I, son of Abu Sufyan, Mu'awiyah marched into Kufa, Ali's capital, and received the allegiance of the local 'Iraqis. This is considered to be the beginning of the Umayyad caliphate. Mu'awiyah's governors took special care of Medina and dug the 'Ayn az-Zarqa'a ("Blue Spring") spring along with a project that included the creation of underground ducts for the purposes of irrigation. Dams were built in some of the wadis and the subsequent agricultural boom led to the strengthening of the economy.
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Dr Alfred Jones is a civil servant at the National Centre for Fisheries Excellence. A shy, academic type, he is not attuned to the increasingly dull lovelessness of his marriage and why his chilly financier wife Mary has seized the chance to work abroad. When a rich Yemeni sheikh and angling enthusiast, Muhammad ibn Zaidi bani Tihama, offers to fund a scheme to populate the desert wadis of his country with Scottish salmon, Jones initially dismisses it as impossible and preposterous. The British Foreign and Commonwealth Office is, however, keen to spend the sheikh's money.
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The Zarqa river is highly polluted. In many areas, raw sewage flows untreated directly into the river through dry riverbeds (wadis), contaminating it and creating a stench which has been a cause of numerous complaints, particularly during the summer months. Though sewage treatment stations have been built in a couple of locations (including Ain Ghazal and Khirbet As Samra), these stations often receive more water than they can handle. Such overflow occurs during winter floods, as well as during summer months when the population increases with the return of migrant workers to Amman.
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Khallet Michte is a Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture located in the Caza of Bint Jbeil in the Nabatiye Governorate in Lebanon. The two sites Khallet Michte I and Khallet Michte II are located in adjacent wadis on south facing slopes between a track and the main road between Bint Jbeil and Ain Ebel. They were found by Henri Fleisch and noted to contain both Heavy Neolithic and Acheulean flint tools which are now in the collection of the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory at the Saint Joseph University.
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Ould Yenge is a department in southern Mauritania of southern Mauritania, located in the region of Guidimakha. It is situated on the edge of Karakoro, a tributary of the Senegal River that marks the border with Mali. It is the department with the best watering of the country sometimes recording more than 600 mm / year which makes it one of the main agro-pastoral zones of Mauritania, maintaining important exchanges with the neighbor Malian. Its relief is distinguished by the volume of tributaries, the number of wadis, the level of mountains and the diversity of its fauna and flora.
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Several earthen dams are known from Britain, including a well-preserved example from Roman Lanchester, Longovicium, where it may have been used in industrial-scale smithing or smelting, judging by the piles of slag found at this site in northern England. Tanks for holding water are also common along aqueduct systems, and numerous examples are known from just one site, the gold mines at Dolaucothi in west Wales. Masonry dams were common in North Africa for providing a reliable water supply from the wadis behind many settlements. The Romans built dams to store water for irrigation.
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Dhaid is located on the desert plain to the east of the coastal city of Sharjah, and is bisected by the East/West Road from Sharjah to Masafi in the foothills of the Hajar Mountains. To its north lies the inland oasis town of Umm al-Quwain Emirate, Falaj al-Moalla, while the road south leads to the town of Al Madam on the Dubai-Hatta Road. The Sharjah-Mleiha-Kalba Road passes to the south of the town. Dhaid is an oasis town, fed both by seasonal wadis and by underground aquifers and water sources.
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In 1987 wheat was Chad's least important cereal grain. Farmers planted the crop in polders around the shores of Lake Chad, and some small planting also was done in the oases and wadis of northern Chad. Replacing an earlier state operation, the Organization for the Development of the Lake (Société pour le Développement du Lac—SODELAC) was founded in 1967 to organize cultivation and provide wheat for the state- owned flour mill at N'Djamena, the Grands Moulins du Tchad. The flour mill began operations in 1964 but closed in 1980; as of 1987, operations had not resumed.
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This water which would be further transported by a dam and canal to the area south of Tel Hai, from where it would be "dropped" to produce electricity. Water would also be carried from Tel Hai to the Beit Netofa Valley which would become a national water reservoir, of about one billion cu.m. volume (one quarter of the Sea of Galilee's volume). An electricity generating station would be located at the reservoir's outlet, from where the water would flow into an open canal to Rafiah, which, whilst travelling south would collect water from wadis and streams, including the waters of the Yarkon River.
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An Arabian oryx in Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve The wildlife of the United Arab Emirates is the flora and fauna of the country on the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsula and the southern end of the Persian Gulf. The country offers a variety of habitats for wildlife including the coast, offshore islands, mangrove areas, mudflats, salt pans, sand and gravel plains, sand dunes, mountain slopes, wadis and rocky summits. Because the terrain is so varied, it supports a greater number of species of plants and animals than might have been expected in this relatively small country.
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Fezzan ( , ; ; ; ) is the southwestern region of modern Libya. It is largely desert, but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara Desert. The term originally applied to the land beyond the coastal strip of Africa proconsularis, including the Nafusa and extending west of modern Libya over Ouargla and Illizi. As these Berber areas came to be associated with the regions of Tripoli, Cirta or Algiers, the name was increasingly applied to the arid areas south of Tripolitania. Fezzan is Libya’s poorest region.
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During the time when the Dynastic Race Theory was still popular, it was theorized that Uruk sailors circumnavigated Arabia, but a Mediterranean route, probably by middlemen through Byblos, is more likely, as evidenced by the presence of Byblian objects in Egypt. The fact that so many Gerzean sites are at the mouths of wadis that lead to the Red Sea may indicate some amount of trade via the Red Sea (though Byblian trade potentially could have crossed the Sinai and then taken the Red Sea).Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. (Princeton: University Press, 1992), p. 20.
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Wadi Dhaiqah is a wadi, or dry river bed, in a canyon about 90 kilometers east of the Bait Hattat (Wadi Adei) roundabout in Muscat, Oman. As many as 120 other wadis lead to this valley, which contains a natural park extending from Wilayat Dima W'attayyeen in the Sharqiyah region to the Wilayat of Qurayyat in the Governorate of Muscat. Wadi Dhaiqah contains the fruit farms of Al Mazarea, and has been the focus of Omani government plans for a major irrigation project.the water is stored with a dam called Wadi Dhaiqah dam which is located on Qurayyat - Sur highways road.
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The village was long and wide, built almost entirely of mud brick on a low terrace with wadis to the southeast and northwest, and surrounded by fields.Knudstad, J. E & R.A. Frey 1999 Kellis, the Archaeological Survey of the Romano-Byzantine Town at Ismant el-Kharab, Reports from the Survey of the Dakhleh Oasis 1977-1987, C.S. Churcher and A.J. Mills eds, pages 95–96, Oxbow Books: Oxford. Small businesses included weaving, handcrafted pottery and blacksmithing. Attractions in Kellis included the Temple of Tutu and three churches; the Small East Church is the oldest known church building in Egypt.
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Abu Qreiya, one of these watering places, consists today of a concrete well in the wadi, drilled at the beginning of the 20th century; Aby Qreiya has been surveyed but not excavated. Another route dictated by hydreumata dug into the beds of wadis linked the barren mountain that was the sole source of Roman "imperial porphyry" with the Nile, the Via Porphyritis, the Porphyry Road. : Along the way are seven hydreumata, or fortified wells, each one a day's march from the next. Outside the fortifications are lines of large stones to which oxen were tethered at night.
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The ground, which was largely loess, would seal up when it got wet and retain the water. In the mid-1950s, a research team headed by Michael Evenari set up a research station near Avdat (Evenari, Shenan and Tadmor 1971). He focused on the relevance of runoff rainwater management in explaining the mechanism of the ancient agricultural features, such as terraced wadis, channels for collecting runoff rainwater, and the enigmatic phenomenon of "Tuleilat el-Anab". Evenari showed that the runoff rainwater collection systems concentrate water from an area that is five times larger than the area in which the water actually drains.
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The site is near the spectacular Roman gold mine of Las Medulas. Several earthen dams are known from Britain, including a well-preserved example from Roman Lanchester, Longovicium, where it may have been used in industrial-scale smithing or smelting, judging by the piles of slag found at this site in northern England. Tanks for holding water are also common along aqueduct systems, and numerous examples are known from just one site, the gold mines at Dolaucothi in west Wales. Masonry dams were common in North Africa for providing a reliable water supply from the wadis behind many settlements.
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Flow Valley in November 2008 Wadi Al-Rummah or ar-Rummah (ar: وادي الرمة) is one of the Arabian Peninsula's longest river valleys, at a length of almost . Now mostly dry and partly blocked by encroaching sand dunes, the wadi arises near Medina at Jibāl al Abyaḑ (Al-Abyad Mountain, or The White Mountain). It heads towards the north-east, connecting to several smaller wadis, like Mohalla Wadi and Murghala Wadi to the north and Jifn Wadi and Jarir Wadi to the south. It ends at Thuayrat Dunes of the ad-Dahna Desert in Al-Qassim Province near Buraidah.
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Historic dam (sadd) in Ta'ifThe entirety of the Ta'if governorate is situated on a raised valley surrounded by the Hejaz mountains (part of the Sarawat mountains) to the west and south. The city is situated at an elevation of 1,879 m (6,165 ft) above mean sea level. For comparison, the surrounding mountains which separate Ta'if from nearby villages such as al-Hada and ash- Shafa, range in height anywhere from 2,000-3,500 m (6,560-11,485 ft). Ta'if is known to have had many wadis with running water before, suggested by the presence of dams along many of these.
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The tallest peaks are in the High Atlas range in south-central Morocco, which has many snow-capped peaks. South of the Atlas Mountains is the dry and barren expanse of the Sahara desert, which is the largest sand desert in the world. In places the desert is cut by irregular watercourses called wadis—streams that flow only after rainfalls but are usually dry. The Sahara's major landforms include ergs, large seas of sand that sometimes form into huge dunes; the hammada, a level rocky plateau without soil or sand; and the reg, a level plain of gravel or small stones.
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The sphinx of Ita Finds in "Tomb IV" indicate that Qatna was engaged in long distance trade since its early history. The city's location on the edges of the Syrian steppes turned it into a strategic stop for caravans traveling to the Mediterranean Sea from the east. The countryside surrounding the city provided the key for its success in the Early Bronze Age IV; those lands were capable of supporting both agriculture and pastoralism. Despite the modern scarcity of water, geoarchaeological research on the wadis of the region confirm the abundance of water during the Bronze Age.
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Downstream of the dam, a series of wadis flow into the Wadi Zeroud, flowing to a zone located about ten kilometers south-east of Kairouan where it ceases to be a single wadi and splits into several parts some of which joined the sebkha Kelbia. Sebkha Kelbia, 2009.The rainfall reduced the region led to the near-absence of water in summer but also to floods in autumn, when rain falls during a short period of time. Construction of the dam has allowed the irrigation of farmland and helped prevent flooding, but, however, reduced the level of groundwater also overexploited.
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Apart from volcanism, aeolian processes and water erosion were active in Meidob, producing widespread sedimentary covers especially at the margins of the field. A number of wadis extend radially away from the centre of the Meidob volcanic field and carry water during flash floods, transporting sediment and floating pumice. Winds transport sediments onto old lava flows and volcanic landforms, but owing to its youth many landforms of the Midob volcanic field are little eroded. During the early and middle Holocene a number of craters contained lakes; some of these have left diatomite sediments and were populated by ostracods living in freshwater.
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Soon after they are hatched the female leads the chicks to one of the many wadis that wind across the plains and there she teaches them to peck at and ingest seeds. It is four or five weeks before they are fledged and able to fly. Meanwhile, the problem of supplying them with water is solved by the male which has specially adapted, absorbent down on his belly. While at the waterhole he immerses himself in the water to saturate the plumage which absorbs a quantity that is sufficient for the chicks to last them until the following day.
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By the early twentieth century, the story of Tin Hinan had long been told, and many believed that it was simply a legend or a myth. However, in 1925, explorers discovered her tomb, proving that she was a historical figure. Located not far from the oasis of Abalessa, Algeria, about 1,000 miles (1550 kilometers) south of Algiers, on a rounded hill rises about 125 ft (38 meters) above the junction of two wadis, the tomb is pear-shaped on plan with a major axis of about 88 ft (27 meters). It contains 11 rooms or courts.
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Other species reported as unique to Djibouti are: Aloe djiboutiensis, Aloe ericahenriettae, Euphorbia godana, Euphorbia amicorum, Phagnalon lavranosii, Cynoglossopsis somaliensis, Caralluma mireillae, Polygala goudahensis and Matthiola puntensis. Vegetation recorded on the periphery of lakes, pans, wadi valley beds and coastal foothills are: Cenchrus ciliaris, Aeloropus lagopoides, Aeloropus persica, Cenchrus ciliaris, Calatropis procera, Cyperus cconglomeratus, Eleusine compressa, Halopeplis perfoliata, Heliotropum pterocarpum, Panicum turgidum, Salsola forskalii, Sporobolus spicatus, Suaeda monoica, Trianthema crystalline and Urochondra setulosa. Acacia tortilis and cadaba glandulosa are also found on some of the wadis. The medicinal plant khat Catha edulis, endemic to Djibouti, whose effect is a state of euphoria.
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In the extreme southwest of the country on the border with Libya and Sudan, is Jebel Uweinat, a mountainous region and in the northwest lies the Qattara Depression, a large area of land some below sea level. Another depression, the Faiyum Oasis lies south west of Cairo and is connected to the Nile by a channel. To the east of the Nile lies the much smaller Eastern Desert, a high mountain ridge running parallel with the Red Sea, seamed with wadis on either flank. At the border with Sudan this rises to the rocky massif of Gebel Elba.
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Naqa or Naga'a () is a ruined ancient city of the Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë in modern-day Sudan. The ancient city lies about north-east of Khartoum, and about east of the Nile River located at approximately MGRS 36QWC290629877. Here smaller wadis meet the Wadi Awateib coming from the center of the Butana plateau region, and further north at Wad ban Naqa from where it joins the Nile. Naqa was only a camel or donkey's journey from the Nile, and could serve as a trading station on the way to the east; thus it had strategic importance.
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Tell Umm al- Amad is also termed Khirbet Umm al-Amad, where khirbet is "ruined settlement." As the wadi is aligned north-south at that location, Tell Umm al-Amad is dubbed "the south tell." The unit of north and south tells create a defensible elevation similar to an acropolis surrounded on three sides by wadis. Tell in Arabic means only "hill", and the archaeological connotation of "hill of accumulated debris" in this case does not apply, as the city was built over two natural hills on the left bank of Wadi ("valley") Qweilibeh.. Its area is delineated by hills and escarpments.
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Limans are structures with small dams which catch runoff from a wadi to hold about 400-600mm of water, which suffices for the growth of drought-hardy tree species. Limans can be built wherever tributary wadis [...] widen or come onto a large plain with potential arable land [...]. A check-dam [...] is built to retain runoff waters [...]. A spillway regulates the level of the water [...] to prevent the destruction of the check-dam.. The embankment height should be 3-4 times the designed water depth, and the outlet should be to the side of the main flow to prevent direct through flow.
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Sudan is a country that is half desert and much of the population suffers from a shortage of clean drinking water as well as a reliable source of water for agriculture. With the Nile river in the east of the country, parts of Sudan have substantial water resources, but those in the west have to rely on wadis, seasonal wells which often dry up. These imbalances in water availability are a source of hardship, as well as a source of conflict. While storage facilities are limited, many local communities have constructed makeshift dams and reservoirs, weirs, which help in stabilizing farming communities.
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The ecoregion covers in the volcanic Tibesti Mountains of Chad and Libya, and 1932-m peak of Jebel Uweinat on the border of Egypt, Libya, and Sudan. The climate is arid and subtropical, but can reach 0°C at the highest altitudes during the winter. Rainfall is irregular but more regular than the surrounding desert and many of the lower wadis are watered by rain which falls higher up. The Tamarix tree occurs in this ecoregion The Tibesti (and to a lesser extent the Jebel Uweinat massif) foster higher, more regular rainfall and cooler temperatures than the surrounding Sahara.
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In habitats dominated by Schouwia and Tribulus terrestris in the wadis of this region, have an important role in the life cycle of the desert locust. This is where the female locusts lay their eggs, as the soil is moist and when the locust nymphs emerge, the leaves of Schouwia and Tribulus are fed on, allowing the nymphs to get enough food and water to mature. In some years, if conditions are right they can amass into large swarms, eventually becoming a plague which can reach distant areas of Africa and Europe, and have a huge economic impact by destroying crops.
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This spurfowl has been found in secondary woodland, box-tree woodlands (Buxus hildebrandtii), and acacia woodland (Acacia seyal). It is also known to venture into more open woodland and wadis following the breeding season. Much of the bird's African juniper forest habitat has been damaged or destroyed due to human usage; the ability of this dead woodland to support the Djibouti spurfowl remains unknown, although some juveniles have been seen in it. It is believed that the birds are reacting to the destruction of their juniper habitat by trying to find habitat as close to it as possible.
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She is discovered in the morning by her husband who pursues her with a 4WD across the desert wadis. She intercepts an Israeli truck, and is helped by the truck driver, but her husband realizes she is hiding in the truck when he overhears his children crying inside it. The wife takes flight with the children, but is ultimately pursued down by the husband and stoned. This entire episode turns out to be a cautionary daydream of the German wife in question, who ultimately decides to leave in the middle of the night with her two children anyway.
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The highest concentration of sand dams with the strongest track record is found in Kenya although examples are found throughout world’s semi-arid regions from Angola to Zimbabwe. Further examples are recorded in Japan, India, Thailand, SW USA and Brazil. 400px Sand dams can be built in the upper and middle courses of seasonal sandy river valleys (also known as wadis). Typically, sand dams are built in the transition zone between hills and plains where the gradient of the river bed is between 0.2 - 4%, but in extreme cases sand storage dams have been constructed on slopes of 10-16% (Nilsson 1988).
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The Arabian waxbill is usually found in wetter land of southern Tihamah foothills and the terraced slopes and wadis of the western escarpments in Yemen. It can also be found along the south coast of Yemen east to Wadi al-Jahr and, in the extensively irrigated intensive agricultural areas of Wadi Hadramawt between Shibam and Tarim, usually with a dense cover of trees and bushes. The altitude of its habitats is approximately 250 to 2,600 m. This species has become closely associated with regularly irrigated agricultural areas (especially cereal cultivation) due to its accessibility to drinking water.
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The Euphrates originates in Turkey, is augmented by the Balikh and Khabur rivers in Syria, and enters Iraq in the northwest. Here it is fed only by the wadis of the western desert during the winter rains. It then winds through a gorge, which varies from two to 16 kilometers in width, until it flows out on the plain at Ar Ramadi. Beyond there the Euphrates continues to the Hindiya Barrage, which was constructed in 1914 to divert the river into the Hindiyah Channel; the present day Shatt al Hillah had been the main channel of the Euphrates before 1914.
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On promotion to the rank of 2nd Lieutenant, the player may gain control of several other helicopter wingmen whose helicopters can also be configured to the same extent as the player's. Wingmen can remain with the player or be sent off for separate tasks (such as completing the secondary objective), so a great deal of flexibility is present for tactical planning. The terrain modelling is much more advanced than in the original Gunship, with desert wadis and twisting ridgelines being well represented (this is very important for simulating helicopter combat, as cover using terrain is one of the primary tactics). The game has two primary theatres: the Middle East and Europe.
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By daylight Chaytor's Force was advancing across the undulating plateau on roads and tracks in a landscape which restricted movement. All off-road movement was virtually impossible because the wet and boggy terrain had recently been ploughed and planted with first shoots starting to appear. The terrain favoured defence with stones which had been gathered from the fields and piled up in heaps or laid out in lines at the fields edges, providing good cover for concealed enemy riflemen and machine guns. The wadis in the region were steep sided making crossing by horses difficult; the Wadi Amman could not be crossed except in one or two places.
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The park consists of three different ecosystems: the southern ranges of the Great Sand Sea including the Silica glass area, the proper Gilf Kebir plateau and the Egyptian portion of the Gabal El Uweinat massif. The Great Sand Sea is a large complex of sand dunes extending from the Siwa oasis in the north to the Gilf Kebir in the south. Its south western part is covered by the Silica Glass area, which is scattered with fragments of pure glass, formed about 30 million years ago due to the explosion of a meteorite or comet. The Gilf Kebir is a plateau, furrowed by immense north trending wadis.
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Basalts form a thick plateau, and deep gorges lead up to the volcanic field and split the Hoggar Mountains in a number of segments. Wadis diverge from the Atakor volcanic field; some of them reached Lake Chad in the past, others continued through the Grand Erg Oriental towards Chott Melrhir. There are about 450 recent volcanic centres, of which about 400 are lava domes and 50 small stratovolcanoes, the latter of which include many recent cones which are accompanied by lava flows whose length reaches . Among the older volcanoes of Atakor are the peaks Assekrem and Tahat, the latter of which is the highest summit in the Hoggar.
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Arar region, Iraq.Wadi Arar also known as Wadi `Ar`ar and Wādī `Ar`ar is a wadi in the central part of the Northern Borders Region of Saudi Arabia. Wadi Arar starts about 125 km from Arar city, flows southwest to the northeast, past Arar city and merges with many Wadis and Sha’ibs, before crossing the Iraqi border. The Wadi is located between the Latitudes of 31°00’N and 30°45’N and Longitudes 40°30’E and 41°05’ E.Alnos Hegazy and Mohammed Alghamd, Properties of Soil Sediment in Wadi Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2014 International Conference on Geological and Civil Engineering IPCBEE vol.62.
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The residents that lived in the region during the Byzantine and Roman periods developed a system to bring water from vast, extensive terrain to the cities, towns, and villages and their buildings. The system is what we would now call a watershed. And the studies performed by the Department of Antiquities in the al-Qatraneh region reveal that they made channels to make water flow from the region of Wadi al- Hasa to the other nearby wadis and the nearby lake. The urgent need for the daily use of water and other uses has been the driver of the creation and design of these prominent water systems.
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Shorelines developed on Lake Ptolemy's northern margin and the lake submerged two tributary valleys there; the development of dune fields on the western shore makes identification of the shores there difficult and their absence has raised questions about whether the lake actually existed at such large sizes. The shores on the southern and western side developed a riparian zone with vegetation and irregular lakefloor. River deltas formed where wadis entered Lake Ptolemy, and alluvial fans have been identified on the northwestern shores. Chalks formed in Lake Ptolemy generated yardangs, and aragonite, calcite and goethite formed deposits in the adjacent desert, often in swampy areas.
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Perhaps due to resource scarcity in most Islamic nations, there was an emphasis on limited (and some claim also sustainable) use of natural capital, i.e. producing land. Traditions of haram (site) and hima, an Arabic term meaning "protected place", and early urban planning were expressions of strong social obligations to stay within carrying capacity and to preserve the natural environment as an obligation of khalifa or "stewardship". After Muslims established themselves in Madinah, Muhammad surveyed the natural resources in the region—the wadis (riverbeds); the rich, black volcanic soil; the high rangelands—and decreed that they be preserved and set aside as a hima.
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By April or May, the annuals will have flowered, set seeds and died, and the perennials returned to a state of dormancy. In desert areas, plant growth is mostly confined to depressions or wadis, though some plants with deep rooting-systems grow elsewhere. The Rub' al Khali desert has very little plant diversity, with about 37 species of flowering plant having been recorded here, 17 of which are only found around the periphery of the desert. There are virtually no trees, and the plants are adapted for desert life and include dwarf shrubs such as Calligonum crinitum and saltbush, and several species of sedge.
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The tribe's members appear to have been mostly sedentary farmers at the dawn of Islam, living in small settlements along the wadis of eastern Nejd (known back then as al-Yamama), particularly the valley of Al-'Irdh, which later came to bear their name (see Wadi Hanifa). Sources such as Yaqut's 13th century encyclopedia credit them with the founding of the towns of Hadjr (the predecessor of today's Riyadh) and Manfuha, and being responsible for the granaries of Al-Kharj. According to legend, the tribe had moved to al-Yamamah from the Hejaz after the region's original inhabitants, the extinct people of Tasm and Jadis were decimated by war.
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During periods of a wet or Green Sahara, the Sahara and Arabia become a savanna grassland and African flora and fauna become common. Following inter-pluvial arid periods, the Sahara area then reverts to desert conditions, usually as a result of the retreat of the West African Monsoon southwards. Evaporation exceeds precipitation, the level of water in lakes like Lake Chad falls, and rivers become dry wadis. Flora and fauna previously widespread as a result retreat northwards to the Atlas Mountains, southwards into West Africa, or eastwards into the Nile Valley and thence either southeast to the Ethiopian Highlands and Kenya or northeast across the Sinai into Asia.
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This small river rises from springs north of Şanlıurfa, but already runs dry at Harran, before it can reach the Balikh. Numerous now dried-up wells in the old city of Harran suggest, however, that the water table may have been significantly higher in the past. The Wadi al-Kheder drains the plain to the east of the Balikh Valley, and is fed by the Wadi al-Burj and the Wadi al-Hamar, which in turn is fed by the Wadi Chuera. These wadis, as well as the Wadi Qaramogh, can transport considerable amounts of water after heavy rainfall, and large limestone blocks can be found in their lower courses.
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Water cisterns two-thirds of the way up the cliff drain the nearby wadis by an elaborate system of channels, which explains how the rebels managed to conserve enough water for such a long time. The Roman attack ramp still stands on the western side and can be climbed on foot. The meter-high circumvallation wall that the Romans built around Masada can be seen, together with eight Roman siege camps just outside this wall. The Roman siege installations as a whole, especially the attack ramp, are the best preserved of their kind, and the reason for declaring Masada a UNESCO World Heritage site.
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However, John E. Hill provides evidence that it was most likely Petra (in the Nabataean Kingdom), given the directions and distance from "Yuluo" (i.e. Al Karak) and the fact that it fell under Roman dominion in 106 AD when it was annexed by Trajan. Even more convincing for Hill is the fact that Si-fu in Chinese means "an arm of a river which rejoins the main stream" or more aptly "rejoined water courses". He believes this is directly related to the reservoir and cistern flood-control system harnessing the many streams running through the settlement and nearby canyons, or wadis, such as the Wadi Musa ("Valley of Moses").
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Most of the central and eastern portions of the province are desert, with the Hejaz mountains, which vary in elevation from 600 meters to 2000 meters, separating the relatively flat Nafud desert and coastal plains. Agriculture takes place in the region's many wadis and oases, with the most commonly-grown crops being dates and barley, alongside other vegetables and fruits. The city of Ta'if is famous for its cultivation of the Rosa × damascena flower, simplified as Damask rose and locally known as Ta'if rose. The province has an extended coastline that is approximately 700 kilometers (430 mi) long, with many cities spread out across the coastline.
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The individual may have roamed the shores of wadis that cut into the alluvial fan deposits, unless the carcass was transported to the locality it was found by flooding. Initially, sauropods were thought to be mainly aquatic, inhabiting lush peat swamps and being captive to the buoyancy of water to support their giant body weights. In 1984, Cooper pointed out that Vulcanodon, the most primitive sauropod known at that time, lived in a desert like environment and therefore must have been terrestrial. This indicated that the large body size of sauropods, as already seen in Vulcanodon, had not evolved as an adaptation to an aquatic life style.
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Found in rocky places or areas with vegetation around wadis and hillsides, sometimes in large numbers. Although rarely seen, carpet vipers can be aggressive and will strike after loudly rasping their scales together as a warning." apud Millett, Pratt 2000. based on ten clues from the written sources: the serpents inhabit the Arava Valley, prefer rocky terrain, are deadly venomous,Stanley S. Flower, "Notes on recent reptiles and amphibians of Egypt," Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1933. Quote: "In modern times with the miracle of antivenin treatments and hospitalization in countries such as Israel, documented fatalities from Echis coloratus bites are rare.
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A seafront promenade stretched over a 28,000 square meter area known as Al Khor Corniche runs through the municipal seat. Mangroves (Avicennia marina) in Al Khor Island overlooking the mainland According to the Ministry of Municipality and Environment, the municipality accommodates 170 rawdas, 49 wadis, 57 jeris (places where water flows), seven jeryan (multiple jeris), seven plains, 22 hills, five highlands, 13 sabkhas, 17 capes, four bays, and three coral reefs. Four islands are found off its shores, the most important of which is Al Khor Island (also known as Jazirat Bin Ghanim). White mangrove forests in Qatar can be found in greatest abundance near Al Khor and Al Thakhira.
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The Hodna region has a length of about 120 km in an NW - SE direction and a width of about 80 km. It is characterized by the Chott El Hodna, an endorheic salt lake, in its centre with seasonal brackish and saline pools and marshes. A thin film of water collects during wet seasons on the level terrain of the large lake basin, which becomes a salt flat when it dries. The elevation of the lake's surface is slightly below 400 m, while the surrounding steppe-like plain, characterized by wadis and oases, averages between 500 and 600 meters in elevation in the communes near the lake.
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Satellite image after landfall Along the coastline, the arrival of the storm resulted in strong waves of up to 4 metres (13 ft). The storm dropped heavy rainfall in the vicinity of its landfall, which were the greatest totals in 30 years in the Dhofar region. The city of Salalah reported 58 mm (2.28 in) in a 24‑hour period as the storm moved ashore, which was more than 300% of its average monthly for May. As a result, some flooding was reported in the city, and several wadis, or typically dry riverbeds, became sudden rivers in the area; one station recorded a discharge of 1146 m3/s (40,470 ft3/s).
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M'diq-Fnideq borders Fahs-Anjra Province to the west, Tétouan Province to the south, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, the Spanish exclave of Ceuta to the northeast and the Strait of Gibraltar to the north. Jebel Musa located in the northern part of the prefecture is its highest point at 851 metres. The coastline at the foot Jebel Musa is a Ramsar site, and this area and portions of the mountainous interior are part of the Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean. The prefecture is drained by five wadis or seasonal rivers: Oued Smir, Oued Negro, Oued Fnideq, Oued Rmel and Oued Martil.
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Reconnaissance flights over the area located a two large wadis green with vegetation, but before they could find a way to reach them overland the expedition ran out of supplies and had to return to Cairo. In March 1933 Almásy mounted another expedition in which Penderel took part, by which time Patrick Clayton of the Desert Survey had discovered the entrance to Wadi Abd el Malik, and explored the Kufra Oasis. They mapped the southern and eastern sides of the Gilf Kebir and on western side discovered Wadi Talh. They then visited Jebel Uweinat, south of the Gilf Kebir, where Almásy discovered prehistoric rock paintings.
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At first only two cars made the trip weekly, but by 1925, eight or nine, or even twelve, cars were travelling at the same time. The original bedouin guides were dropped in favour of extra drivers and the cars changed from daytime travel to driving in the cooler temperatures at night. The cars travelled in convoy, following well established routes that avoided wells or wadis where raiders might be hiding, and regularly checking on each other. The drivers became acclimatised to the conditions and were experts in the gilhooley maneuver where a car would spin several times, without turning over, on the polished mud flats that were part of the journey, before the driver regained control.
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That night the 2nd Light Horse Brigade carried out operations to reach Kh. el Sufi without being opposed, before making a reconnaissance along the Ottoman railway line. During this operation they cut the telegraph line from Bir Saba on the Fara road, before eventually encountering an outpost line, drawing "a heavy burst of rifle fire." During the night of 6/7 August the 2nd Light Horse Regiment carried out another operation in the Wadi Imleih.Anzac Mounted Division General Staff War Diary AWM4-1-60-18 Mounted reconnaissances were carried out in August, to Khirbit Erk, Bir Ifteis, and the junction of wadis Hanafish and Imleih, as well as towards the Wadi Inalaga.
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The Batinah Expressway is a 256 km 8-lane highway in Oman that connects the Muscat Expressway (a relief road in Muscat, the capital of Oman) at Halban with the United Arab Emirates border at Khatmat Malaha. Batinah Expressway was opened to the public, which is one of the biggest road infrastructure projects in Sultanate of Oman consists of 1,106 concrete channels, 25 bridges crossing wadis, 17 overhead bridges, 12 tunnels and other technical preparedness to overcome terrestrial obstacles. The Expressway has four lanes in each direction was completed in a time span of six years, built at a cost of RO 800 million. This investments and resources opened up new horizons for people, economy and the society.
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As Southern Arabia is the homeland of the South Semitic language subfamily, a Semitic origin for the name is highly likely. Kamal Salibi proposed an alternative etymology for the name which argues that the diphthong "aw" in the name is an incorrect vocalization. He notes that "-ūt" is a frequent ending for place names in the Ḥaḍramawt, and given that "Ḥaḍramūt" is the colloquial pronunciation of the name, and apparently also its ancient pronunciation, the correct reading of the name should be "place of ḥḍrm." He proposes, then, that the name means "the green place," which is apt for its well-watered wadis whose lushness contrasts with the surrounding high desert plateau.
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Region close to Seiyun in the Hadhramaut Valley Narrowly, Hadhramaut refers to the historical Qu'aiti and Kathiri sultanates , which were in the Aden Protectorate overseen by the British Resident at Aden until their abolition upon the independence of South Yemen in 1967. The current governorate of Hadhramaut roughly incorporates the former territory of the two sultanates It consists of a narrow, arid coastal plain bounded by the steep escarpment of a broad plateau (, averaging ), with a very sparse network of deeply sunk wadis (seasonal watercourses). The undefined northern edge of Hadhramaut slopes down to the desert Empty Quarter. Where the Hadhramaut Plateau or Highlands () meets the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Sea, elevation abruptly decreases.
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Ward's brigade, as part of the First Battle of Monte Cassino, conducted an amphibious crossing of the Garigliano river in mid-January and was involved in heavy fighting until the end of the month.Mead, p. 471. In early March the 5th Division, now under Major General Philip Gregson-Ellis, was relieved by elements of the newly-arrived US 88th Division and moved to the Anzio beachhead to relieve the exhausted British 56th Division, which had fought alongside the 5th Division during First Cassino, with Ward's brigade relieving the 56th Division's 168th Brigade on 9 March. Ward's 17th Brigade, now on the defensive, was involved in further heavy fighting in "The Wadis" on the beachheads' left flank.
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The uplands rise gently to a height of between 3,000 and 4,000 feet at the top of the watershed and thence slope away to the north draining into Wadi Muqshin on the southern edge of the Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter). Cloud formations are entrapped over the enclosed plain and on southern slopes of the mountains, the reverse slopes draining to the north being practically free of clouds and devoid of moisture. It is in these wadis that the frankincense, for which the mountains have been famous through the ages, grows wild. The dryness of the air determines the quality of the frankincense, the resin of similar trees growing on the southern slopes being spoilt by the rain.
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Despite this risk, Muhammad began the preparations before finally setting out on 9 December 623, with a force of around 313-317 men, 70 camels and two horses. Muhammad and his warriors marched offside the common roads to avoid Meccan scouts, passing through little-known canyons and wadis. The Qurayshi leader of the caravan, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, who accompanied the caravan and realized that Muslim scouts were nearby, ordered the caravan to take a different route and sent a messenger to Mecca. After the latter arrived in Mecca and told the Quraysh that a Muslim attack was imminent, a Meccan relief force of more than 1000 men, many of them wearing chainmail armour, was sent.
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Around the edge of the Tibesti, where the canyons exit the range, are doum palms (Hyphaene thebaica, known locally as soboo). The banks of Mare de Zoui are home to dense stands of reeds (Phragmites australis and Typha capensis), along with Scirpoides holoschoenus, Juncus maritimus, Juncus bufonius and Equisetum ramosissimum, while species of pond weed (Potamogeton) grow in the open water. Although the lake appears rich in phytoplankton, it has not been thoroughly studied. To the south and southwest of the range, between elevation, the wadis support endemic Ficus salicifolia as well as woody species characteristic of the Sahel: Balanites aegyptiaca, Boscia salicifolia, Cordia sinensis, Ficus ingens, Ficus salicifolia, Ficus sycomorus, Flueggea virosa, Grewia tenax, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Rhus incana and also Senegalia laeta.
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A typical home in Denia A Denia (; other spellings Danya, Dania, Denya) is a district of Haifa, Israel, located on Mount Carmel. Denia and its associated neighborhoods capture the southernmost part of Haifa's jurisdiction area, which is also the highest-elevated topographically, and make up the city's altogether most affluent and least densely populated residential borough, with a population count of slightly more than 11,000 in 2008.Secretary of the City of Haifa, Haifa Neighborhood Profile , June 2010, p. 327 It lies approximately 5 kilometers in a beeline from downtown Haifa (whereas twisting roads due to intervening hills and wadis make actual distance bigger) and is crossed by Aba Hushi Avenue, which has made the district sometimes be referred to as the "Aba Hushi Axis".
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A freeze on new wells was imposed in addition to delimiting several "no drill zones" in areas where groundwater supplies are low. The ministry is also considering the installation of water meters. Recharge dams are designed to hold rainwater in the wadis for a period of time to facilitate the trickling of water down into the ground; replenishing aquifers have been built mainly in the northeastern Al Batinah region, where the groundwater levels are up to five meters below sea level. Apart from water problems, the agricultural sector has been affected by rural-urban migration, in which the labor force has been attracted to the higher wages of industry and the government service sector, and by competition from highly subsidized producers.
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The south-western corner of the peninsula, enjoying more rainfall at that time, was much greener than the rest of the peninsula and has long enjoyed more productive fields. The high peaks and slopes are capable of supporting significant vegetation and river beds called wadis help make other soil fertile. In 26 BC Aelius Gallus under Augustus's order led a military expedition to Arabia Felix, but after some beginning successes he was obliged by the unhealthy climate and epidemic to desist in the conquest of the area. Part of what led to Arabia Felix's wealth and importance to the ancient world was its near monopoly of the trade in cinnamon and spices, both its native products and imports from India and the Horn of Africa.
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Trumpeter finches occur in desert, semi-desert and the margins of deserts. They can also be found in vast open steppe areas where there are dry desolate hills with sparse low scrubby vegetation, edges of fields, on mountain slopes, in stony plains where there are no trees, cliffs, ravines, gorges and wadis. In the desert regions of northern Africa it can also occur in villages and gardens and in regions of open sandy desert it frequents oases. The European breeding population is found in habitats where there is no tree cover but there is sparse scrub less than a metre in height, while the birds in the Canary Islands nest on sandy plains with halophytic and xerophytic scrub, as well as in more typical habitats.
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After demobilization from the IDF, Yaalon found employment as a schoolteacher of chemistry and agriculture in Beit Yerach school, on the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee. Dan Yaalon describing a loess profile in the Negev, 1960s In 1951 Yaalon changed his European-sounding surname "Berger" in favor of "Yaalon", a combination of two of his favorite words: "Yael" (meaning "little antelope", the Hebrew translation of his mother's Czech maiden name "Jellinek"), and "Aliyah" ('ascension' in Hebrew, referring to the immigration of Jews to Israel). Yaalon moved "Hardy" to a middle name position, and thus became known as "Dan H. Yaalon". Shortly after, at a meeting about geological surveying and mapping, Yaalon's colleagues proposed naming some mountains and wadis after themselves.
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Recharge dams have been built on wadis in order to prevent flood water to flow into the sea, recharging it instead to aquifers. Unplanned and uncontrolled groundwater withdrawals, especially for agriculture and forestry, total over 2,000 million cubic meters per year and have resulted in declining groundwater levels and quality.Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi: Abu Dhabi Water Resources Statistics 2006 ;Groundwater recharge Artificial groundwater recharge with desalinated water has been piloted in 2003 near the Liwa Oasis and construction of large- scale recharge facilities has begun in 2008. The objective is to create a 90-day reserve instead of the current 48-hour reserve for drinking water supply, in order to protect the emirate against the risk of terrorist attacks or oil spills that would shut down the entire water supply.
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S. Nolutshungu, 224–225 Chad made military preparations for what seemed to be an attempt to retake Aouzou. Instead, encouraged by the United States, which supplied satellite intelligence, the FANT attacked Maaten al-Sarra on September 5, taking the Libyans by surprise, and apparently the French as well, who reacted by refusing to provide intelligence or logistic support. Djamous's troops were careful to follow the wadis, thus not exposing themselves, and they also took advantage of careless Libyan patrolling and security, intending to take the airbase's garrison and its defenders by surprise. To confuse the Libyans, the FANT forces first proceeded north and northwest in Libyan territory, then turned east and descended upon Maaten al- Sarra; as a result, the Libyan officers took them for reinforcements and attempted to join them.
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Features of desert environs such as Sinai are subjected to a number of weathering processes that can drastically alter local conditions in a matter of days, let alone the implicit 3,000 years since the Exodus and modern studies and surveys. Springs can dry up, wadis can radically change course, geological formations could erode or be swept away by the sands, etc.National Geographic Almanac of Geography, 2005, page 166, . Additionally, if an Exodus truly occurred historically in some analogous or similar manner to that which is described in the Bible, the material culture of a group of newly freed slaves wandering in a vast desert would be admittedly scantBeit-Arieh 1988: 37 and likely would not have survived nearly as long as, say, a sedentary village community or even city in a desert region.
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Medina is a desert oasis surrounded by the Hejaz Mountains and volcanic hills. The soil surrounding Medina consists of mostly basalt, while the hills, especially noticeable to the south of the city, are volcanic ash which dates to the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era. It is surrounded by a number of famous mountains, most notably Jabal Al-Hujjaj (The Pilgrims' Mountain) to the west, Sal'aa Mountain to the north-west, Jabal al-'Ir or Caravan Mountain to the south and Mount Uhud to the north. The city is situated on a flat mountain plateau at the tripoint of the three valleys (wadis) of Wadi al 'Aql, Wadi al 'Aqiq, and Wadi al Himdh, for this reason, there are large green areas amidst a dry deserted mountainous region.
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The Berber populations who lived around these archaeological sites before the French colonization preserved this cultural heritage and identity. The location of these archaeological sites on the banks of Oued Isser and Oued Sébaou as well as on the Mediterranean coast makes it possible to classify the wilaya of Boumerdès among the rich archaeological niches in Algeria. During the past centuries, the various floods of the Oued Isser and the Oued Sébaou, among other wadis of Basse Kabylie, have caused the overflow of these rivers to have buried the Numidian cities under the silt and the mud carried by the torrents. With a depth of about 3 meters, there have been several discoveries in the wilaya of Boumerdès including many remains and archaeological sites which were unearthed in 2009.
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The artillery was supposed to be under divisional control, but heard nothing, and had to work through the infantry brigade HQs, who complained that the Forward Observation Officers (FOOs) could not be found. There was a shortage of telephone cable, and the FOO for B/CCLXV Bty reported that having followed the advancing 2/10th Battalion Middlesex Regiment and called down fire on 'The Labyrinth', he came to the end of his cable and although he went forward with the infantry he had trouble passing message back to his signaller stationed at the cable's end. Meanwhile, the battery had to shift its position six times during the day, laboriously crossing numerous wadis, but still fired 1511 rounds. The division's attack went well, but the artillery fire was too weak until reinforcements arrived from 54th (East Anglian) Division.
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The area also contains many species of woody and herbaceous plants, including boxwood and olive trees, which account for sixty percent of the total identified species in the country. Wildlife flora and fauna are also found in the country's wetland ecosystem which includes two large lakes, Lake Assal and Lake Abbe (only a small part of the flats of this lake are in Djibouti), and many salt pans which are flooded occasionally from the wadis and the coastal tidal wetlands. The coastal belt of Djibouti also has a diversity of marine life or aquatic ecosystem, including coral reefs. According to the country profile related to biodiversity of wildlife in Djibouti, the country contains some 820 species of plants, 493 species of invertebrates, 455 species of fish, 40 species of reptiles, 3 species of amphibians, 360 species of birds and 66 species of mammals.
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It was intended as the first section of a much more ambitious plan known as the Greater Yarmouk project. Additional sections included (1) construction of two Dams on the Yarmouk (Mukheiba and Maqarin) for storage and hydroelectricity, (2) construction of a 47-km West Ghor canal, together with a siphon across the Jordan River near wadi Faria to connect it with the East Ghor Canal, (3) construction of seven dams to utilise seasonal flow on side wadis flowing into the Jordan, and (4) construction of pumping stations, lateral canals, and flood protection and drainage facilities. In the original Greater Yarmouk project the East Ghor Canal was scheduled to provide only 25% of the total irrigation scheme.... Construction of the Canal began in 1959. By 1961 its first section was completed; sections two and three, down Wadi Zarqa, were in service by June 1966.
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Bivouac on the Jordan River, men washing clothes and exercising horses, with pontoon bridge and the Hills of Moab in the distance The one generous feature of the valley was its water supply; the slightly muddy Jordan River flowed strongly throughout the year in a trough about below the valley floor, fed by numerous clear springs and wadis running into it on either side. Most New Zealanders enjoyed the physical benefits of bathing in the Jordan at one time or another during the campaign in which a good bath was such a luxury. In the left sector where the Australian Mounted Division was stationed there were several sources of water; the Jordan River, the Wadi el Auja, and the Wadi Nueiameh, which flowed from Ain el Duk, and into the Jordan at El Ghoraniyeh. The latter wadi was used by the Headquarters of the Valley Defences.
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1948 index of the 1:20,000 Survey of Palestine maps, with contemporary overwriting for a number of place names Street signs for Mevo Dotan and Afula. Afula was a Palestinian town sold by the Sursock family to the American Zion Commonwealth in the 1920s; the Hebrew name follows the Arabic, which means "beans". Hebraization (or Judaization) of Palestinian place names refers to the replacement of Arabic-language place names with Hebrew-language place names throughout different periods: under the British Mandatory Palestine regime; after the establishment of Israel following the 1948 Palestinian exodus and 1948 Arab–Israeli War; and subsequently in the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel in 1967. A 1992 study counted 2,780 historical locations whose names were Hebraized, including 340 villages and towns, 1,000 Khirbat (ruins), 560 wadis and rivers, 380 springs, 198 mountains and hills, 50 caves, 28 castles and palaces, and 14 pools and lakes.
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Nevertheless, both Jordan and Israel undertook to operate within their allocations, and two major successful projects were undertaken: the Israeli National Water Carrier and Jordan's East Ghor Main Canal.... Design of the East Ghor canal was begun by Jordan in 1957. It was intended as the first section of a much more ambitious plan known as the Greater Yarmouk project. Additional sections included (1) construction of two Dams on the Yarmouk (Mukheiba and Maqarin) for storage and hydroelectricity, (2) construction of a 47-km West Ghor canal, together with a siphon across the Jordan River near wadi Faria to connect it with the East Ghor Canal, (3) construction of seven dams to utilise seasonal flow on side wadis flowing into the Jordan, and (4) construction of pumping stations, lateral canals, and flood protection and drainage facilities. In the original Greater Yarmouk project the East Ghor Canal was scheduled to provide only 25% of the total irrigation scheme.... Construction of the Canal began in 1959.
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Fragment of Bayuda Desert seen from space Bayuda desert with some acacian trees Desert well used by Bisharin nomadic pastoralists The Bayuda Desert, located at , is in the eastern region of the Sahara Desert, spanning approximately 100,000 km² of NE Sudan north of Omdurman and south of Korti, embraced by the great bend of the Nile in the N, E and S and limited by the Wadi Muqaddam in the W. The north to south aligned Wadi Abu Dom divides the Bayuda Desert into the eastern Bayuda Volcanic Field and the western ochre- coloured sand-sheets scattered with rocky outcrop. Description of the Bayuda Desert Gold mining occurs today from October to March, as labourers work auriferous quartz found in wadis and shallow mines. These workings are usually in areas previously worked during the New Kingdom of Egypt and the Early Arab Period. In July 2020, it was found that gold hunters had used heavy machinery at the Jabal Maragha archaeological site in the Bayuda Desert, destroying it by digging a huge trench.
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125–26 The once-formidable Gaza–Beersheba line was now becoming vulnerable, and at dawn on 6 November three divisions of Chetwode's XX Corps were to attack the centre of the Ottoman defensive line, on a broad front.Woodward 2006 pp. 113–16 The XX Corps plan proposed the 60th (London) and the 74th (Yeomanry) Divisions capture the Sheria redoubt on 6 November, and after the 10th (Irish) Division capture Hareira on 7 November the 74th (Yeomanry) Division would form corps reserve, while the 60th (London) Division was attached to the Desert Mounted Corps. The 53rd (Welsh) Division was to continue their attacks in the Khuweilfe area.Keogh 1955 p. 158 The XX Corps first objectives were of trenches known as the Kawuqa System which stretched east from the Wadi esh Sheria at Hareira, on either side of the Beersheba railway and the Wadi Sheria to the north. With their approaches devoid of cover except for the wadis, these trenches, dug across an arid, dusty plain to the foot of the hills, were held by the 16th Division, with two regiments in the firing line.During the Second Battle of Gaza on 19 April, the 16th Division had been deployed in the same area, at Tel esh Sheria and Hareira.
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