In the hunt for speed, "velocipedes" came to rely on one huge wheel, with a second wheel for stability and balance.
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In the hunt for speed, "velocipedes" came to rely on one huge wheel, with a second wheel for whatever stability and balance they could claim.
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Velocipedes preceded highwheeler and safety bicycles on Detroit's streets. Ben Fletcher rode the first velocipede in Detroit on December 18, 1868. Velocipedes were "in common use" by 1875.Silas Farmer.
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The first bicycles recorded, known variously as velocipedes, dandy horses, or hobby horses, were constructed from wood, starting in 1817.
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In any event, Pierre Michaux's factory started producing crank-and-pedal driven velocipedes : two the first year, 142 the following year. Perhaps owing to dispute over the invention, in 1865 Lallement emigrated to The United States, where, with the financial backing of James Carroll of Ansonia, Connecticut, he recorded the first U.S. patent on a bicycle, in 1866. Meanwhile, by 1865, the Michaux family was manufacturing 400 velocipedes annually; their bicycles were on display at the first international bicycle exhibition in 1867, and by 1869, the Michaux factory, with a daily production of 200, began selling in the United States. Their wood and iron construction earned these velocipedes the sobriquet Boneshakers.
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Clayton, Nick (1991), The Cycling Career of James Moore, The Boneshaker (UK) vol 13 no 25 Citing Kobayashi, Clayton says the programme for St Cloud was: :1. At 2.30pm, 1km race for velocipedes of less than 1m [wheel] diameter, for a silver medal. Seven amateurs were involved, the winner was Edward- Charles Bon in 2min 40sec at a speed of 22.5 km/h. :2. 1 km race for velocipedes of 1 metre for a silver gilt medal. Winner James Moore in 2min 35sec, speed 23.2 km/h.
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Johnson made at least 320 velocipedes in the early part of 1819. He also opened riding schools in the Strand and Soho. In May 1819 he introduced a dropped-frame version for ladies to accommodate their long skirts.
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The first IPD officers walked their beats, which at the time covered little territory. Some officers rode in buggies and others rode velocipedes. The bicycle was introduced as a means of transportation in 1897 and was used for "hot" runs. Officers assigned to the bicycle units were known as the "Flying Squadron".
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Société Parisienne (Maison Parisienne) was a French manufacturer of velocipedes, bicycles and tricycles from 1876. They began limited automobile construction in 1894 and regular light car (voiturette) construction in 1898Motorbase. Profile of 'La Societe Parisienne' or 1899,Philippe Boursin. Les 1 492 marques françaises de l'histoire de l'automobile and they ceased operation in 1903.
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Velocipedes from an 1887 German encyclopedia. Among the examples shown are a penny farthing and a boneshaker. 1880 Velocipede The American Velocipede, 1868, a wood engraving from Harper's Weekly European "boneshaker" bicycle, circa 1868. Thomas McCall in 1869 on his velocipede A velocipede () is a human-powered land vehicle with one or more wheels.
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It was at the MCG in 1869 that one of Australia's first bicycle races was held. The event was for velocipedes, crude wooden machines with pedals on the front wheels. In 1898 the Austral Wheel Race was held at the MCG attracting a crowd of 30,000 to see cyclists race for a total of £200 in prize money.
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Other inventions by Jesse included toys and non-toys. Various improvements on velocipedes came both from Jesse and his father. One of Jesse's involved use of a newly designed treadle and earned a gold medal at the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition; Crandall's Sandometer or "The beach brought to your home" in 1879 was a rather novel idea.Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sunday, October 26, 1913, p.
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Turner's nephew brought a new French bone-shaker to the factory in 1868. The company started making bicycles and Coventry soon became the centre of the British bicycle industry. Velocipedes (cycles) had wheels of increasingly disparate size, with the front growing ever larger than the rear. Notable were the high-wheelers, or penny- farthings, a version of which Starley made with William Hillman.
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In 1869, William Van Anden of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA, invented the freewheel for the bicycle.Anden, William van "Improvement in velocipedes" U.S. patent no. 88,238 (issued: 23 March 1869). His design placed a ratchet device in the hub of the front wheel (the driven wheel on the 'velocipede' designs of the time), which allowed the rider to propel himself forward without pedaling constantly.
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In more recent usage, "dicycle" has been used for both pedaled and motorised vehicles with wheels of varying sizes, as long as they share a common axis, though not necessarily a common axle. In 2017, the Merriam- Webster's dictionary, limited usage to 'velocipedes with two parallel wheels,' and the Oxford English Dictionary limited it to 'pedal-powered vehicles with large wheels placed parallel to each other'.
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The word aerodrome derives from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr), air, and δρόμος (drómos), road or course, literally meaning air course. An ancient linguistic parallel is hippodrome (a stadium for horse racing and chariot racing), derived from ἵππος (híppos), horse, and δρόμος (drómos), course. A modern linguistic parallel is velodrome, an arena for velocipedes. Αεροδρόμιο is the word for airport in Modern Greek, which transliterates as aerodromio.
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Tonton Velo, pour les velos anciens. L'Industrie vélocipédique January 1891. Société Parisienne de Construction Vélocipédique During the 1870s advances in metallurgy led to the development of the first all-metal velocipedes. The pedals were still attached directly to the front wheel, which became larger and larger as makers realised that the larger the wheel, the farther you could travel with one rotation of the pedals.
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Gleizes and Villon claimed that I wouldn't be able > to cycle 100 kilometres without putting a foot on the ground. I bet them > that I could for the price of a lunch. It's actually a pretty hard thing to > do to keep going over 100 kilometres on country roads. Neither of my > opponents had a car and they didn't want to chase after me on one of those > velocipedes.
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Many enquiries were made as to the > name of 'them queer horses', some called them 'whirligigs', 'menageries' and > 'valparaisons'. Between Wolverhampton and Birmingham, attempts were made to > upset the riders by throwing stones. Times, London, 31 March 1869 Enthusiasm extended to other countries. The New York Times spoke of "quantities of velocipedes In the United States the word included what elsewhere were called hobby-horses flying like shuttles hither and thither".
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More than 1,000 pieces of railroad memorabilia are on display, including two cabooses, velocipedes, motor cars, antique uniforms and equipment. Also on display are exhibits detailing the completion of the Clinchfield Railroad which was considered an engineering marvel at the time. All items and exhibits have been donated to the museum. Most of which were abandoned by the railroad when it closed and salvaged by members of the community.
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"If I only had a Continental bicycle tire." Advertising poster for Continental tires showing a hobo on a unicycle with his dog running beside (c. 1900). US patents for single-wheeled 'velocipedes' were published in 1869 by Frederick Myers and in 1881 by Battista Scuri. Unicycle design has developed since the Penny Farthing and later the advent of the first unicycle into many variations including: the seatless unicycle ("ultimate wheel") and the tall ("giraffe") unicycle.
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Later work done at East Town also included the manufacture and repair of tools, velocipedes, track gauges, railway huts, furniture for railway stations and offices, and heavy track machinery. Overhauls on shunting locomotives were also carried out at East Town from 1963, work that was previously done at the Hutt Workshops. Between 1947 and 1949, land was purchased at the west end of the yard and various workshop buildings were extended. A new Motor Shop was also erected.
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Prior to the Franco-Prussian war, the Michaux family had reached an agreement with Rowley B. Turner of the Coventry Sewing Machine Company to manufacture 400 Michaux velocipedes to be sold in France. With the war, Turner arranged instead to sell them in England. James Starley, a foreman at Coventry, began to make improvements and in 1885, the Starley Rover, a safety bicycle manufactured by Starley's nephew, John Kemp Starley, was the first recognisably modern bicycle.
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The Kalamazoo Railroad Velocipede and Car Company was founded in 1883 by George Miller and Horace Haines in Kalamazoo with a capital stock of $45,000. The factory at Pitcher Street in downtown Kalamazoo was next to the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad (GR&I;). By 1901, the company had changed its name to Kalamazoo Railway Supply Company. It manufactured hand and push cars, motor cars, velocipedes, jacks, tanks, stand pipes and other products needed for railroad work.
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My main argument, however, is that the word velocipede was used generically to include all types of machine including even hobby-horses for which it was originally coined. They would surely have had wheels of less than one metre diameter.Letter 13 June 1997 Clayton replied: :I think your attempt to redefine the second race at St Cloud as the first velocipede race does not hold water. Velocipedes meant boneshakers, only occasionally was there the odd tricycle or quadricycle.
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Among the early velocipedes there were designs with one, two, three, four, and even five wheels. Some two-wheeled designs had pedals mounted on the front wheel, while three- and four-wheeled designs sometimes used treadles and levers to drive the rear wheels. The earliest usable and much-copied velocipede was created by the German Karl Drais and called a Laufmaschine (German for "running machine"), which he first rode on June 12, 1817. He obtained a patent in January 1818.
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'La Société Parisienne de constructions Velo' manufactured velocipedes, bicycles and tricycles at its works at 10 avenue de la Grande Armée, Paris, from 1876, and was described in L'Industrie Vélocipédique (Cycling Industry) of 1891 as 'the oldest velocipede manufacturer in France', by which time the workshop was regarded as a model for industrial organisation and practice. The bicycles were described as light, high-quality, 'precision machines', and the range included safety bicycles and a folding Military model.Tonton Velo, pour les velos anciens. L'Industrie vélocipédique January 1891.
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1869 commenced with England being enthralled with the new-fangled velocipede. In January, John Hulley immediately recognised the commercial potential of it in relation to exercises and gymnastics, and contacted several of the principle velocipede makers in Paris, New York and elsewhere.Liverpool Mercury, 20 January 1869 – The Bicycle He eventually procured a velocipede from Paris and organised a "Velocipede Club" at the Liverpool Gymnasium.Morning Post, 20 January 1869 – Velocipedes On 22 May 1869 a number of bicycle races were held at the racecourse at Hoylake.
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Mobike airless tire Airless were used before pneumatic tires were developed, appearing on velocipedes by 1869. They continue to be developed in an effort to solve the problem of losing air pressure, either from a puncture or from permeability. Modern examples of airless tires for bicycles include BriTek's Energy Return Wheel, an airless bicycle tire from Bridgestone, the tire pictured to the right on a Mobike, and solid tires discussed below. Although modern airless tires are better than early ones, most give a rough ride and may damage the wheel or bicycle.
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From 1850 at the latest men were permitted to travel to and from work along the Padarn Railway using "velocipedes" – large, four-wheeled trucks propelled by foot ("car cicio" in Welsh, "kicking car" in English) or hand power ("car troi" - "turning car"). Similar contraptions later became famous in early comic silent movies. Each was owned by a syndicate of men, though an "outsider" might fill a vacant seat for 6d a week. Men were known to race (akin to Bumps in boat races) at speeds of up to and accidents happened.
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Tom Hart, "Transport and the City"; in Paddison (2001). Train stopped at the Dnipro stop of the Kyiv Metro. Gautrain stopped at the O. R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg Historically, city streets were the domain of horses and their riders and pedestrians, who only sometimes had sidewalks and special walking areas reserved for them.Grava (2003), pp. 15–18. In the west, bicycles or (velocipedes), efficient human-powered machines for short- and medium-distance travel,Grava (2003), enjoyed a period of popularity at the beginning of the twentieth century before the rise of automobiles.Smethurst pp. 67–71.
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'La Société Parisienne de constructions Velocipedes et Automobile' built motor vehicles at 10 avenue de la Grande Armée. The earliest record of Parisienne's ambition regarding motorised vehicles is the list of applicants for entry to the world's first motoring competition, the 1894 Paris–Rouen Competition for Horseless Carriages (Concours du 'Petit Journal' Les Voitures sans Chevaux) run by the Paris newspaper Le Petit Journal. The application, listed as number 52, stated that the 'Société Parisienne de constructions Velo' of Paris would use a four- seater vehicle powered by an 'air compressor'—It did not show up at the event.Wikipedia Italia - 1894 Parigi-Rouen.
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Oriel House was the address at which a US pneumatic tyre patent was drafted in 1893 'for the wheels of Velocipedes and other Vehicles'. The house served as heaquarters for the Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company, for which it was known as the Dunlop Oriel House.History of our headquarters on CVTR communications company of Ireland During the Irish Civil War, it became the base for the Criminal Investigations Department (CID) of the Irish Free State's nascent police force. It was used by the Department of Lands in the late 1940s, and Gaeltarra Eireann had its head office there in the 1950s.
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That French design was sometimes called the boneshaker, since it was also made entirely of wood, then later with metal tires. That in combination with the cobblestone roads of the day made for an extremely uncomfortable ride. These velocipedes also became a fad, and indoor riding academies, similar to roller rinks, could be found in large cities. In 1891 L'Industrie Vélocipédique (Cycling Industry) magazine described 'La Société Parisienne de constructions Velo' as 'the oldest velocipede manufacturer in France', having been founded in 1876 by M. Reynard, and awarded the 'Diploma of honour' at the Exposition Universelle (1878) (World's Fair).
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In 1857 Josiah Turner and James Starley formed the Coventry Sewing Machine Company, and recruited skilled engineers from the London area to join them, one of whom was William Hillman. In 1869 the firm changed its name to the Coventry Machinists Company, and like many other manufacturers in the area embarked on producing velocipedes. In 1870 Hillman and Starley patented a new bicycle called the "Ariel" and by 1885 Hillman was a partner of the bicycle manufacturer Hillman Herbert and Cooper, producing a bicycle called the Kangaroo. Hillman's new company soon established itself, and before the turn of the 20th century, Hillman was a millionaire.
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Thomas McCall in 1869 on his velocipede (from Bicycling News 2/6/1892) McCall's first (top) and improved velocipede of 1869 - later predated to 1839 and attributed to MacMillan Thomas McCall (1834–1904) was a Scottish cartwright. Born in Penpont, he came to Kilmarnock at age 20, where he lived until his death (obituary 1904). He built, in 1869, two versions of a two- wheeled velocipede with levers and rods tossing a crank on the rear wheel (English Mechanic 5/14/1869 and 6/11/1869). This was a reaction to the French velocipedes, of the mid-1860s, with their front-wheel pedal cranks.
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Drawing from one of Pope's patents licensed to Gormully Pope owned a large number of patents relating to bicycles, tricycles, and similar vehicles, which it licensed to Gormully. The license agreement provided that Gormully could make bicycles of 52-inch size and larger, "of certain grades, style, and finish," to be sold at a specified price, and that Gormully, even after termination of the license, "would not manufacture, sell, or deal in bicycles, tricycles, or velocipedes containing certain features or devices covered by certain other patents" and would not "directly or indirectly, dispute or contest the validity of said letters patent."Pope Mfg. Co. v.
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New Mail Ladies Safety bicycle, circa 1891, with solid rubber tires A tubed, clincher tire showing the inner tube protruding between the tire and the rim Tubular tire rolled from rim to show glue between them Clincher cross section schematic with 1: rim, 2: rim strip, 3: rim braking surface, 4: bead core, 5: inner tube, 6: casing, 7: tread The first bicycle "tires" were iron bands on the wooden wheels of velocipedes. These were followed by solid rubber tires on penny-farthings. The first patent for "rubberized wheels" was granted to Clément Ader in 1868. In an attempt to soften the ride, rubber tires with a hollow core were also tried.
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Registered trademarks of early Australian companies using the kangaroo included Yung, Schollenberger & Co. Walla Walla Brand leather and skins (1890); Arnold V. Henn (1892) whose emblem showed a family of kangaroos playing with a skipping rope; Robert Lascelles & Co. linked the speed of the animal with its velocipedes (1896); while some overseas manufacturers, like that of "The Kangaroo" safety matches (made in Japan) of the early 1900s, also adopted the symbol. Even today, Australia's national airline, Qantas, uses a bounding kangaroo for its logo. The kangaroo and wallaby feature predominantly in Australian sports teams names and mascots. Examples include the Australian national rugby league team (the Kangaroos) and the Australian national rugby union team (the Wallabies).
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In 1912 a siding was laid to the plant and, though the plant ceased operation in the early 1920s, the siding was not lifted until about the late 1930s. With this siding gone it seems that there was little further use for the station for the consignment of freight and it was closed for this purpose in 1940. A backshunt that served as a service siding was retained at Fernside for use by the Way and Works bridge maintenance crew as a place where wagons of material and mobile workers huts could be stored. In practice, however, the crews stationed their huts at Featherston and travelled to the bridge on motor velocipedes.
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To most the invention of the bicycle was by the German Baron Karl von Drais, who rode his 1816 machine while collecting taxes from his tenants. He patented his "draisine" (or "draisienne"), a "pushbike" powered by the action of the rider's feet pushing against the ground. Reports of early forebears of the bicycle were velocipedes, and included many human-powered vehicles. One, the scooter-like dandy horse or celerifere of the French Comte de Sivrac, dating to 1790, was long cited as the earliest bicycle, however, most historians now believe these unsteerable hobby-horses probably never existed, but were made up by Louis Baudry de Saunier, a 19th-century French bicycle historian.
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The French historian Pierre Chany wrote: > In Paris, 'pedalling machines' proliferated, characterised by wheels of 1m > or 1m 10 in front and 80cm at the back. Their riders gave exhibitions in > which they rivalled each other in technique and vigour. Seeing these > demonstrations, the Ollivier brothers, who controlled the Compagnie > Parisienne,The Compagnie Parisienne marketed velocipedes made by the Michaux > family and eventually took over their company decided to hold a race on 31 > May 1868 in the Parc de St-Cloud, made available to them by their Imperial > MajestiesThe park was established by the Royal Family as a hunting ground > and remained in the hands of the Empire that replaced the monarchy.
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By 1870, he was manufacturing carousels with velocipedes (an early type of bicycle) and he soon began experimenting with other possibilities, including a roundabout with boats that would pitch and roll on cranks with a circular motion, a ride he called 'Sea-on-Land'. Savage applied a similar innovation to the more traditional mount of the horse; he installed gears and offset cranks on the platform carousels, thus giving the animals their well-known up-and-down motion as they travelled around the center pole – the "galloping horse". The platform served as a position guide for the bottom of the pole and as a place for people to walk or other stationary animals or chariots to be placed. He called this ride the 'Platform Gallopers'.
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Lucius Copeland 1894 In the 1860s Pierre Michaux, a blacksmith in Paris, founded 'Michaux et Cie' ("Michaux and company"), the first company to construct bicycles with pedals called a velocipede at the time, or "Michauline".Michauline The first steam powered motorcycle, the Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede, can be traced to 1867, when Pierre's son Ernest Michaux fitted a small steam engine to one of the 'velocipedes'. The design went to America when Pierre Lallement, a Michaux employee who also claimed to have developed the prototype in 1863, filed for the first bicycle patent with the US patent office in 1866. In 1868 an American, Sylvester H. Roper of Roxbury, Massachusetts, developed a twin- cylinder steam velocipede, with a coal-fired boiler between the wheels.
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Few of these details tie up with Chany's account, drawn from Cycling Record of the time. Moore's grandson put it to Clayton: :If you accept that James Moore believed he won the first bicycle race, then, as he surely cannot have forgotten that his race was at least scheduled to be the second of the day at St Cloud, there must have been either something different about the first race – e.g. it was not exclusively for pedal machines – or the order of the events was changed so that his race took place first. My hypothesis assumes the former proposition, and is only partly reliant on whether the rules stated that the front wheels of the velocipedes in the second race were to be precisely 1 metre diameter as stated in your article.
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Together with a mechanic named Gabert in his hometown of Lyon, Aimé Olivier created a diagonal single-piece frame made of wrought iron which was much stronger, and as the first bicycle craze took hold, many other blacksmiths began forming companies to make bicycles using the new design. Velocipedes were expensive, and when customers soon began to complain about the Michaux serpentine cast-iron frames breaking, the Oliviers realized by 1868 that they needed to replace that design with the diagonal one which their competitors were already using, and the Michaux company continued to dominate the industry in its first years. On the new macadam paved boulevards of Paris it was easy riding, although initially still using what was essentially horse coach technology. It was still called "velocipede" in France, but in the United States, the machine was commonly called the "bone-shaker".
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